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1 ἀείδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sing (about)' (Il.)Dialectal forms: Att. ᾄδωEtymology: The ablaut suggests PIE * h₂ueid-, but no cognate outside Greek is known. Older speculations, now dated, in Frisk and DELG.Page in Frisk: 1,22-23Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀείδω
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2 βλά̄ξ
βλά̄ξ, - κόςGrammatical information: m. f.Derivatives: βλακικός, βλακώδης `id.'; βλακίας ἰχθὺς ποιός H. - Vb. βλακεύω `be slack', βλακεία, βλάκευμα.Etymology: The word cannot be Ion.-Att. in origin; s. Björck Alpha impurum 2 67f. - If related to μαλακός, one might posit * mlh₂-k- (which explains the long α), mlh₂-ek-, but this is uncertain; cf. Skt. mlā-tá- `soft' and Celtic, e. g. OIr. mlāith `soft' (\< * mlā-ti-). Lat. flaccus has another formation, s. EM and W.-Hofmann s. v. - S. μαλακός. Perhaps to βληχρός (not to μύλη nor to ἀμαλδύνω: these comparisons are now dated). - Perhaps to Russ. molčatь `be silent', Lith. mùlkis `stupid person'.Page in Frisk: 1,240-241Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βλά̄ξ
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3 λάχνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `soft, woolly hair, down' (Il.), metaph. of leafage (Nic., Opp.) ;Other forms: rarely λάχνῳ (dat. sg.) of the wool of a sheep (ι 445).Compounds: λαχνό-γυιος `with hairy members' (E.)Derivatives: λαχν-ήεις, -ά̄εις (Il., Pi.), - ώδης (E.), - αῖος (AP) `hairy, woolly'; λαχνόομαι `become hairy' (sol., AP) with λάχνωσις (Hp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1139] *w(o)lḱ-`hair'Etymology: From *λακ-σν-ᾱ (Schwyzer 327, Chantraine Form. 192, Benveniste Origines 101), which through *Ϝλακ-σν-ᾱ, IE *u̯l̥ḱ-sn-ā, agrees with an Iran. and Slav. word for `hair': Av. varǝsa- m. n., NPers. gurs, OCS vlasъ, Russ. vólos, IE *u̯olḱ-o-. Because of the meaning less probable is the connection with OCS vlaknó, Russ. voloknó `thread', Skt. valká- m. `bark, sap-wood', IE *u̯olk-. Further Bq (with also older, dated interpretations), WP. 1, 297, Pok. 11 39, Vasmer s. vólos, voloknó and volócha; cf. also λάσιος.Page in Frisk: 2,93Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάχνη
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4 παῖς
παῖς, παιδόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `child, boy, son, slave, servant', more rarely `girl, daughter' (Il.).Other forms: (ep. Lesb. Boeot. also πάϊς).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. παιδ-αγωγός m. "child guide", `attendant of children, schoolteacher', ἄ-παις `childless' (IA.).Derivatives: A. Subst. Several hypocoristic diminutives, which partly replaced the base word. 1. παιδ-ίον n. (IA.) with - ιότης f. `childhood' (Aq.), - ιώδης `childish' (D.H.). 2. παιδ-ίσκος m., more usu. - ίσκη f. (Att.) with - ισκι-ωρός m. (Sparta) prop. "guard of girls" ?, (s Leumann Hom. Wörter 224, 2d), - ισκάριον n. (hell.), - ισκεῖος (IVa), - ισκεῖον n. `brothel' (Ath.); to παιδίσκη, - ος against παῖς, κόρη, υἱός etc. Wackernagel Glotta 2, 6ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 838ff.), 130 a. 315, Immisch ibd. 218f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210 n. 3, Locker Glotta 22, 52f., Le Roy BCH 85, 226f. 3. παιδ-άριον n. (Att.) with - αρίσκος (Hld.), - αρίδιον (gloss.), - αριήματα παιδάρια H., - αρίων H. s. προυνικοί, - αριώδης `childish' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - αρικός `belonging to slaves' (pap. VIp), - αριεύομαι `to behave childishly' (Aristox.). 4. πάϊλλος m. `male child' (Tanagra; on - ιλλος Schwyzer 485; after v. Blumenthal 43 from *παιδ-λος). 5. Here παιδ-ία f. `childhood' (Hp.), - ιά f. `child's play, pleasantry, pastime' (Att.; cf. Koller Mus. Helv. 13, 123 f.); on - ία, - ιά, which cannot always be distinguished, Scheller Oxytonierung 78 ff.; - ιώδης `playful' (Ion Hist., Arist.). 6. παίγνιον, - ίη s. below on παίζω. B. Adj. 1. παιδ-νός `in infancy, infantile' (ep. Od.). 2. παίδ-ειος, - εῖος, -ήϊος `childlike' (Pi., trag., Pl.); τὰ -ήϊα name of a feast (Delph. V--IVa). 3. παιδ-ικός `concerning the child, childlike'; τὰ παιδικά `dear' (B., Att.; Chantraine Études 115 etc.). 4. παιδοῦς, - οῦσσα `having many children, pregnant' (Call., Hp.). C. Verbs. 1. παίζω, aor. παῖσαι, analog. also παῖξαι (Crates. Com., Ctes., hell.), also with ἐν- ( ἐμπαίκ-της, - γ-μός, - γ-μονή LXX, NT), κατα-, συν- a.o., `to behave like a child, to play, to jest' (Od.; on the meaning and use Meerwaldt Mnem. 56, 159 ff.) with παῖγ-μα n. `play, jest' (E. a.o.) and φιλο-παίγμων `fond of play' (ψ 134), - μοσύναι pl. `id.' (Stesich.); also παιγ-νίη f. `play' (Hdt.) with - νιήμων `playful' (Hdt., cf. Schwyzer 522), - νιον (Att.), - χ-νιον (Erinna, Theoc. in Pap. Antin., Call.) n. `play, jest'; prob. orig. for παιδ-ν- with - γν- from - δν-, but early connected with παίζω (s. Schwyzer 208, Lejeune Traité de phon. 68 n. 1, Scheller Oxyton. 80; on παίχνιον Scheidweiler Phil. 100, 43f.); ( συμ-)παίκ-της m. `player, teammate, playfellow' (AP). - τρια f. (Ant. Lib.), besides ( συμ-)παίσ-της m. (Pl. Min., pap.), - τικός `jocular' (Clearch.), - τρη f. `playground' (Herod.); συμπαίκ-τωρ, - παίσ-τωρ m. (X.,AP). 2. παιδ-εύω `to raise, to breed, to educate', also w. ἐκ-, συν- a.o. (IA.), with παιδ-εία f. `upbringing, education, breeding' (A., Democr., Att.; also `childhood, youth', s. Scheller 78 n. 1), - ευσις f. `(system of) upbringing, education' (Pi., trag., Pl.; Holt 129), - ευμα n. `subject, outcome of the upbringing, pupil' (Att.; on the meaning Kerényi Paideuma 1, 157 f., Röttger Substantivbild. 20 f.), - ευτής m. `instructor, teacher' (Pl.), - ευτικός `belonging to the upbringing' (Pl. etc.), - ευτήριον n. `school' (D. S., Str.). 3. *παιδ-όω in παίδ-ωσις f. `adoption' (Elis), s. Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1920, 248.Etymology: From the disyll. πάϊς (on Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,29) appears an orig. *παϜ-ι-δ-; on the (dissimilatory?) loss of the F Schwyzer 260 w. lit., on the formation 465 a. 578. The unenlarged stem is still seen in Att. παῦς (vase inscr.) and in the Cypr. gen. Φιλό-παϜ-ος; uncertain Cypr. διπας, = δί-παις ? A parallel enlargement shows παῦρος; s.v. w. further combinations. Outside Greek we can compare first the first element in Lat. pau-per, if from *pau̯(o)- par-o-s `acquiring little' (basis doubted; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); IE *pau̯o- is supposed also in Germ., e.g. Goth. faw-ai pl. `few'. -- Beside pau- (IE *ph₂u̯-?) stands perh. with lengthened grade πῶλος (s.v.) [hardly possible]; with zero grade Lat. puer (innovation after gener, socer; Risch Μνήμης χάριν 2, 109 ff.), thus, with old tlo-suffix, Ital., e.g. Osc. puklum `filium', Skt. putrá-, Av. puʮra-'son'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 75f. (partly dated), Pok. 842 f., W.-Hofmann s. puer, pullus and pauper, Mayrhofer s. putráḥ; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,462-463Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παῖς
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5 παιδός
παῖς, παιδόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `child, boy, son, slave, servant', more rarely `girl, daughter' (Il.).Other forms: (ep. Lesb. Boeot. also πάϊς).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. παιδ-αγωγός m. "child guide", `attendant of children, schoolteacher', ἄ-παις `childless' (IA.).Derivatives: A. Subst. Several hypocoristic diminutives, which partly replaced the base word. 1. παιδ-ίον n. (IA.) with - ιότης f. `childhood' (Aq.), - ιώδης `childish' (D.H.). 2. παιδ-ίσκος m., more usu. - ίσκη f. (Att.) with - ισκι-ωρός m. (Sparta) prop. "guard of girls" ?, (s Leumann Hom. Wörter 224, 2d), - ισκάριον n. (hell.), - ισκεῖος (IVa), - ισκεῖον n. `brothel' (Ath.); to παιδίσκη, - ος against παῖς, κόρη, υἱός etc. Wackernagel Glotta 2, 6ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 838ff.), 130 a. 315, Immisch ibd. 218f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210 n. 3, Locker Glotta 22, 52f., Le Roy BCH 85, 226f. 3. παιδ-άριον n. (Att.) with - αρίσκος (Hld.), - αρίδιον (gloss.), - αριήματα παιδάρια H., - αρίων H. s. προυνικοί, - αριώδης `childish' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - αρικός `belonging to slaves' (pap. VIp), - αριεύομαι `to behave childishly' (Aristox.). 4. πάϊλλος m. `male child' (Tanagra; on - ιλλος Schwyzer 485; after v. Blumenthal 43 from *παιδ-λος). 5. Here παιδ-ία f. `childhood' (Hp.), - ιά f. `child's play, pleasantry, pastime' (Att.; cf. Koller Mus. Helv. 13, 123 f.); on - ία, - ιά, which cannot always be distinguished, Scheller Oxytonierung 78 ff.; - ιώδης `playful' (Ion Hist., Arist.). 6. παίγνιον, - ίη s. below on παίζω. B. Adj. 1. παιδ-νός `in infancy, infantile' (ep. Od.). 2. παίδ-ειος, - εῖος, -ήϊος `childlike' (Pi., trag., Pl.); τὰ -ήϊα name of a feast (Delph. V--IVa). 3. παιδ-ικός `concerning the child, childlike'; τὰ παιδικά `dear' (B., Att.; Chantraine Études 115 etc.). 4. παιδοῦς, - οῦσσα `having many children, pregnant' (Call., Hp.). C. Verbs. 1. παίζω, aor. παῖσαι, analog. also παῖξαι (Crates. Com., Ctes., hell.), also with ἐν- ( ἐμπαίκ-της, - γ-μός, - γ-μονή LXX, NT), κατα-, συν- a.o., `to behave like a child, to play, to jest' (Od.; on the meaning and use Meerwaldt Mnem. 56, 159 ff.) with παῖγ-μα n. `play, jest' (E. a.o.) and φιλο-παίγμων `fond of play' (ψ 134), - μοσύναι pl. `id.' (Stesich.); also παιγ-νίη f. `play' (Hdt.) with - νιήμων `playful' (Hdt., cf. Schwyzer 522), - νιον (Att.), - χ-νιον (Erinna, Theoc. in Pap. Antin., Call.) n. `play, jest'; prob. orig. for παιδ-ν- with - γν- from - δν-, but early connected with παίζω (s. Schwyzer 208, Lejeune Traité de phon. 68 n. 1, Scheller Oxyton. 80; on παίχνιον Scheidweiler Phil. 100, 43f.); ( συμ-)παίκ-της m. `player, teammate, playfellow' (AP). - τρια f. (Ant. Lib.), besides ( συμ-)παίσ-της m. (Pl. Min., pap.), - τικός `jocular' (Clearch.), - τρη f. `playground' (Herod.); συμπαίκ-τωρ, - παίσ-τωρ m. (X.,AP). 2. παιδ-εύω `to raise, to breed, to educate', also w. ἐκ-, συν- a.o. (IA.), with παιδ-εία f. `upbringing, education, breeding' (A., Democr., Att.; also `childhood, youth', s. Scheller 78 n. 1), - ευσις f. `(system of) upbringing, education' (Pi., trag., Pl.; Holt 129), - ευμα n. `subject, outcome of the upbringing, pupil' (Att.; on the meaning Kerényi Paideuma 1, 157 f., Röttger Substantivbild. 20 f.), - ευτής m. `instructor, teacher' (Pl.), - ευτικός `belonging to the upbringing' (Pl. etc.), - ευτήριον n. `school' (D. S., Str.). 3. *παιδ-όω in παίδ-ωσις f. `adoption' (Elis), s. Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1920, 248.Etymology: From the disyll. πάϊς (on Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,29) appears an orig. *παϜ-ι-δ-; on the (dissimilatory?) loss of the F Schwyzer 260 w. lit., on the formation 465 a. 578. The unenlarged stem is still seen in Att. παῦς (vase inscr.) and in the Cypr. gen. Φιλό-παϜ-ος; uncertain Cypr. διπας, = δί-παις ? A parallel enlargement shows παῦρος; s.v. w. further combinations. Outside Greek we can compare first the first element in Lat. pau-per, if from *pau̯(o)- par-o-s `acquiring little' (basis doubted; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); IE *pau̯o- is supposed also in Germ., e.g. Goth. faw-ai pl. `few'. -- Beside pau- (IE *ph₂u̯-?) stands perh. with lengthened grade πῶλος (s.v.) [hardly possible]; with zero grade Lat. puer (innovation after gener, socer; Risch Μνήμης χάριν 2, 109 ff.), thus, with old tlo-suffix, Ital., e.g. Osc. puklum `filium', Skt. putrá-, Av. puʮra-'son'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 75f. (partly dated), Pok. 842 f., W.-Hofmann s. puer, pullus and pauper, Mayrhofer s. putráḥ; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,462-463Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παιδός
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6 πλαδαρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `damp, watery, spongy, soft, flaccid, tasteless' (Hp., A. R., Dsc.).Derivatives: πλαδαρ-ότης f. `flaccidity' (Epicur.), - όομαι `to become soft' (Aq.), - ωσις f. (medic.), - ωμα n. (Suid.). Besides πλαδάω `to be watery, soft' (Hp., Arist., Ph.) with - ησις f. (Sor.); also - ωσις f. (Aët.) as from *-όω; πλάδος m. `dampness, sponginess' with - ώδης (Hp.), - όεις (sch.); πλάδη f. `id.' (Emp.), perh. backformation from πλαδάω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive words, to be found esp. in the medic. lit.. With πλαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος agree the semantically close rhiming words κλαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος, μαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος; thus ῥυπ-αρός: - άω: - ος a.o.; s. Chantraine Form. 227. The genetic relation of these forms remains unclear; cf. on κραδάω, κράδη. -- No agreements outside Greek; formally closest is a Balt. verb for `swim', e.g. Lith. példu (példžiu), peldė́ti. If on separates the d (cf. κλαδαρός: κλάω (?)) one may connect expressions for `pour, spill etc.' in Lith. pilù pìlti (with zero grade) and Arm. heɫum (* pel-nu-mi) a.o.; s. WP. 2, 54f. a. 66, Pok. 798f., Fraenkel s. vv. Earlier, dated attempts in Bq (also Specht Ursprung 171 a. 228). -- (Not to πλέω, πολύς). - The word can hardly be IE; is it Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,547-548Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλαδαρός
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7 σκάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa Ia). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. Ip); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IVa)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VIp, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.Page in Frisk: 2,718-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
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8 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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9 μαμωνᾶς
μαμωνᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ (Aram. מָמוֹן, emphat. state מָמוֹנָא) wealth, property Lk 16:9, 11 (SColella: ZNW 64, ’73, 124–26). Personified, ‘Mammon’ Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13; 2 Cl 6:1.—EbNestle, EncBibl 2912ff; here (2914f) the etymology of the word is also treated in detail. S. also EKautzsch, Gramm. des Bibl.-Aram. 1884, 10; Dalman, Gramm.2 170f, RE3 XII 1903, 153f; HZimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter2 1917, 20; ERiggenbach, ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 21ff; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach, 102.—The word is also found Mishnah Aboth 2, 17 and in the Damascus document p. 14, 20 Schechter 1910=LRost (Kl. T. 167) ’33, p. 26, which cannot be dated w. certainty (s. Bousset, Rel. 15f); EMeyer, ABA 1919, 9, Abhdlg. p. 50; HRüger: ZNW 64, ’73, 127–31 (Canaanite loanword w. orig. mng. ‘food, maintenance, provisions’ fr. the root מון).—M-M. TW. -
10 Τιβέριος
Τιβέριος, ου, ὁ Tiberius (the name is found Diod S 15, 51, 1: Τιβέριος, Ἰούλιος a Rom. military tribune IV B.C.), a Roman emperor (if dated from the death of Augustus, he ruled fr. Aug. 19, 14 A.D. to March 16, 37; mentioned in Philo and Joseph.; also Just., A I, 13, 3; cp. SibOr 5, 20–23; s. Schürer index); Lk 3:1 places the first appearance of John the Baptist as a prophet in the fifteenth year of Tiberius’ reign. On the chronological matters involved s. Meyer I 46f; III 205f; CCichorius, ZNW 22, 1923, 16ff; HDieckmann, Die effektive Mitregentschaft des T.: Klio 15, 1919, 339–75, Das fünfzehnte Jahr des T.: BZ 16, 1924, 54–65, Das fünfzehnte Jahr des Cäsar T.: Biblica 6, 1925, 63–67; s. s.v. Αὔγουστος. HDessau, Gesch. der röm. Kaiserzeit II 1, 1926; GBaker, Tib. Caesar 1929; ECiaceri, Tiberio ’34; CSmith, Tib. and the Rom. Empire ’42; WGolub, Tib. ’59; EKornemann, Tib. ’60; RSeager, Tib. ’72; Pauly-W. X 478–536; Kl. Pauly V 814–18; BHHW III 1983f.—On the chronology of the Life of Jesus gener.: OGerhardt, Grundzüge der Chronologie Jesu Christi ’34; RHennig, D. Geburts-u. Todesjahr Jesu Christi ’36; RJewett, A Chronology of Paul’s Life ’79; RBrown, The Birth of the Messiah ’77, 547–56, The Death of the Messiah ’94, 1350–78 (lit.); KDonfried, ABD I 1011–16 (lit. 1022).—M-M.
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