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61 συνωρίς
A pair of horses (with or without a chariot or carriage,σ. χωρὶς δίφρου Pl.Criti. 119b
), E.Rh. 987, Ar.Nu. 1302, Pl. Phdr. 246b, IG5(2).550.27 (Megalopolis, iv B.C.), etc.;τέθριππα καὶ ξυνωρίδες Com.Adesp.1281
;εἰς τοὺς τροχοὺς τῆς [συνω]ρίδος PCair.Zen. 782
(a).21 (iii B.C.); εἰς ἵππους θηλείας τῆς σ. τῆς ἀγαγούσης ἐγ Μέμφεως εἰς Φιλαδέλφειαν Ζήνωνα ib.292.66 (iii B.C.);εἰς τὰ παραγενόμενα τῇ γ ἅρματα έ (ἵππων) β συνωρίδας γ (ἵππων) γ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἵπποις ιθ PPetr.2p.74
(iii B.C.);σ. πωλική IG42(1).101.46
(Epid., i A.D.), cf. Paus.10.7.8;ἵππων τελείων Id.5.8.10
; of mules, Id.5.9.2; ἐλεφάντων ἅρμα καὶ ς. Plb.30.25.11 (dub.): a coin stamped with a biga (cf.πῶλος 11
), E.Fr. 675.2 generally, a pair or couple of anything, A.Ag. 643; , cf. S.OC 895, Com.Adesp.834 (= Trag.Adesp. 198).II of things, πέδας τε χειροῖν καὶ ποδοῖν ξυνωρίδα manacles for the hands and for the feet, a coupling fetter, A.Ch. 982; ὅπου γὰρ ἰσχὺς συζυγοῦσι καὶ δίκη, ποία ξ. τῶνδε καρτερωτέρα; what pair is stronger than this? Id.Fr. 381.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνωρίς
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62 τέχνημα
A that which is cunningly wrought, work of art, handiwork,ἔκπωμα.., τεχνήματ' ἀνδρός S.Ph. 36
(where pl. is used of one thing).2 of a man, πανουργίας τέχνημα a masterpiece of villainy, ib. 928.II artful device, trick, κάπηλα προσφέρων τ. A.Fr. 322; δόλια τ. E.IT 1355; opp. ἰσχύς, Hp.Fract.2 (pl.): generally, device, contrivance, Pl.Prt. 319a; τὸ μνημονικὸν τ. Id.Hp.Mi. 368d, al., cf. Ephor.54J.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τέχνημα
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63 τόξον
τόξον, τό,A bow, Il.4.124, etc.: freq. in pl. τόξα for sg., , al., cf. Pi.P.3.101, S.Ph. 654; sts. in Prose, Heraclit. 51, Hdt.2.106, PEleph.5.8 (iii B. C.); ἐτιταίνετο.. τόξα drew the bow, Il.5.97; alsoτόξον τιταίνει B.9.43
; τόξον ἕλκετ' (v.l. εἷλκεν) Il.11.582;τόξου πῆχυν ἀνέλκειν 13.583
; τόξον τείνειν, ἐντείνειν, A.Ag. 364 (anap.), Fr.83;τ... ἐντανύσαι Od.21.245
, cf. Hdt.2.173;κυκλοτερὲς μέγα τ. ἔτεινε Il.4.124
, cf. E.Ba. 1066; τόξου ῥῦμα (i.e. the Persians, the bow being an oriental weapon), opp. λόγχης ἰσχύς (i.e. the Greeks), A.Pers. 147 (anap.).3 bowmanship, archery,τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς Il.2.718
, al.;τόξοισιν πίσυνος 5.205
, cf. 13.716;ἡ τέχνη τῶν τ. Hdt.1.73
;πρὸς τόξου κρίσιν S.Tr. 266
; τόξῳ (sc. νικῶν) SIG1061.10 (Samos, ii B. C.).II in pl. also, bow and arrows,τόξα πεπτεῶτ' ἄλλυδις ἄλλα Il.21.502
, cf. Hdt.3.78, S.Ph.68, al.; sts. in pl. for the arrows only, ib. 652, Pl.Lg. 815a.III metaph., τόξα ἡλίου its rays, E.HF 1090; ἀμπελίνοις τόξοις δαμέντες, of the effects of wine, Pi.Fr. 218;τόξον μερίμνης Trag.Adesp.354
; κότταβος.. ὃν σκοπὸν ἐς λατάγων τόξα καθιστάμεθα for shooting of liquor from the cup, Critias 2.2.2 arch, AP9.694.3 curved support, cradle used in amputations, Archig. ap. Orib.47.13.6; part of a carriage or cart, PPetr.2p.133, 3p.144 (iii B. C.). -
64 φθίω
φθίω, ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common [tense] pres. being [full] φθίνω, Od.5.161, al. (also [full] φθινύθω, q. v.): [tense] impf.Aἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29
, Pl.Ti. 77a: [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. 11): [tense] pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. (in same sense), [tense] fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 ( φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: [tense] aor. 1 φθίσασθαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: [tense] aor. 2ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.Th. 971
(lyr.);ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100
, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu. 458, S.OT 962, E.Alc. 414 (lyr.); [ per.] 3pl.ἐφθίατο Il.1.251
; imper. [ per.] 3sg. φθίσθω ([etym.] ἀπο-) 8.429; [dialect] Ep. subj.φθίεται 20.173
,φθιόμεσθα 14.87
; opt. φθίμην ([etym.] ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο ([etym.] φθῖτ') 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf.φθίσθαι Il.9.246
, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, ([etym.] κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in [tense] pf.,ἔφθιται Od.20.340
, [ per.] 3pl.ἐξ-έφθινται A.Pers. 679
(lyr.). [Hom. has [pron. full] ῑ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), [pron. full] ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: [pron. full] ῑ always in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): [pron. full] ῐ always in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses [pron. full] ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. Φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω ) whereas [pron. full] ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use [pron. full] ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, [tense] pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', [voice] Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', [tense] fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), [tense] aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεις-).)I decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. [tense] aor. ) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330:τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S.Aj. 141
(anap.); in this sense mostly in [tense] pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.b of the moon, wane, [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.Cael. 291b20
; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος (ἵστημι B. 111.4
), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month ([etym.] τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.c of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).2 of persons, waste away, pine, perish,ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368
(perh. [tense] aor. subj. with [pron. full] ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. [tense] impf., but possibly [tense] aor.);φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.Alc. 203
; ; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.b of life, strength, etc.,οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94
;φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.OC 610
, cf. OT 665 (lyr.);ὕβρις.. ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.Fr. 786
;ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.Tr. 548
;τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.Fr.415.5
, cf. Pl.Phd. 71b, Ti. 81b, etc.; c. dat. modi,πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν.., φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.OT25
; of things, fade away, disappear,ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.Tr. 677
;τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.Loc.Hom.24
; metaph., (lyr.), cf. Ant. 1013:—[voice] Pass.,αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173
, cf. 14.87; more freq. in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor., ἤδη φθ<ε> ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384;τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100
; ;νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667
; ; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by.., A.Th. 971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med. 1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.;χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359
;ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG12
. 976; φθίμενοι the dead,φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436
; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21;φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.I. 4(3).10(28)
, cf. B.5.83;φθιμένοισιν A.Th. 732
(lyr.); , cf. Ant. 836 (anap.);μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν.. φθιμένων E.Hec. 137
(anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός), τὸν φθίμενον A.Th. 336
(lyr., codd.);τῶν φ. Id.Ag. 1023
(lyr.);τῶν πρότερον φ. Id.Ch. 403
(anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess,Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1
: rare in Prose,τοῖς φθιμένοις X.Cyr.8.7.18
.II Causal, in [tense] fut. φθ (ε) ίσω, [tense] aor. 1 ἔφθ (ε) ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67 ) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy,φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il.6.407
; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; ; ; τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι ib. 428;τοκῆας.. φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί 20.67
: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα), Μοίρας φθίσας A.Eu. 173
;τὸν.. ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.OT 202
; ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα.. φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El. 1414 (lyr., fort. σοι). -
65 φύσις
φύσις [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, gen. φύσεως, poet. φύσεος prob. (metri gr.) in E.Tr. 886, cf. Ar.V. 1282 (lyr.), 1458 (lyr.), [dialect] Ion. φύσιος: dual φύσει (I origin,φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ.. τελευτή Emp.8.1
(cf. Plu.2.1112a);φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα Pl.Lg. 892c
;ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν Arist.Ph. 193b12
;φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις Id.Metaph. 1014b16
; freq. of persons, birth,φύσει νεώτερος S.OC 1295
, cf. Aj. 1301, etc.;φύσι γεγονότες εὖ Hdt.7.134
; φύσει, opp. θέσει (by adoption), D.L.9.25;φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος Ath.4.183d
; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, Plb. 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2; also in acc.,ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν S.El. 325
; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν ib. 1125, cf. Isoc.3.42.2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, Hp.Nat.Puer.20,29, cf. 27: pl.,γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων Plot.4.3.13
.II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου Arist.Pol. 1252b33
): hence,1 nature, constitution, once in Hom., καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ φαρμάκου)ἔδειξε Od.10.303
;φ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.2.5
;τῆς Ἀττικῆς X.Vect.1.2
, cf. Oec.16.2, D.18.146, etc.;τῆς τριχός X.Eq.5.5
; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., Arist.PA 648a21, Mete. 340a36, etc.: pl.,φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων Isoc.7.74
;αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν Id.12.134
;ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. Pl.R. 525c
;ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. X.Mem.1.1.11
, etc.;ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. IG22.1099.28
(Epist.Plotinae).2 outward form, appearance,μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38
; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, Pi.N.6.5;οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν Id.I.4(3).49
(67);μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. A.Supp. 496
; (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων), cf. Tr. 379; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν prob. in E.Ba. 1358;τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. Ar.V. 1071
(troch.), cf. Nu. 503;τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. Isoc.9.75
.3 Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.;ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις Id.Acut.43
;φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει Id.Fract.7
;φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί Id.Epid.6.5.1
.b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, Id.Art.61, 62, al.;ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. Id.VC5
, al.;φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων Id.Nat.Puer.17
.4 of the mind, one's nature, character,ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ Emp.110.5
;εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν.. ἡ σή S.Ph. 874
; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, ib. 902, 1310;φ. φρενός E.Med. 103
(anap.);ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. Th.1.76
;φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.Cyr.1.2.2
;ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση E.Fr. 168
; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., Pl.R. 410e, 576a, etc.;δεξιοὶ φύσιν A.Pr. 489
;ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Id.Pers. 441
;τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις Ar.V. 1458
(lyr.), cf. 1282 (lyr.);Σόλων.. ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. Id.Nu. 1187
;ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι X.Ath.2.19
; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, Th.1.138; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, D.20.140;ἀγαθοὶ.. γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος Arist. Pol. 1332a40
; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Ar.Nu. 1078, cf. Isoc.7.38;τῇ φ. χρώμενος Plu.Cor.18
;θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4
: pl., Isoc.4.113, v.l. in E.Andr. 956;οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. Pl.R. 526c
, cf. 375b, al.: prov.,ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. Jul.Mis. 353a
.b instinct in animals, etc., Democr.278; ap. Stob.1.41.6;ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει Corp.Herm. 9.1
, cf. 12.1.5 freq. in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, S.OT 335;χθονὸς φ. A.Ag. 633
; esp. in Pl.,ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. Phdr. 251b
;ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων Smp. 186b
; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, Phd. 87e;ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. Ti. 84c
;ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. Lg. 862d
, al.; ἡ φ., with gen. understood, Smp. 191a, Phd. 109e.III the regular order of nature,τύχη.. ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης Democr.176
;κατὰ φύσιν Pl.R. 444d
, etc.; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, Hdt.2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); (cf. Pl.Grg. 488b);κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν Heraclit.112
; opp. παρὰ φύσιν, E.Ph. 395, Th.6.17, etc.;παρὰ τὴν φ. Anaxipp.1.18
; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, Aeschin.2.165; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. φύσει (ἐν φ. Hp.
Aër.14) by nature, naturally, opp. τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, Pl.Lg. 889b, cf. R. 381b;φύσει τοιοῦτος Ar.Pl. 275
, cf. 279, al.;ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι Arist.Pol. 1253a3
; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν ib. 1254a15;φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ Philem.95.2
; opp. νόμῳ (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Pl.Grg. 482e, cf. Prt. 337d, etc.;τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα Antipho Soph.44
Ai 32 (Vorsokr.5);ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται D.25.15
;τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους Men.Mon. 492
;οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί Pl. Ap. 22c
;φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν S.Ph.79
, cf. Pl.Phlb. 14c, etc.;φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι Antipho Soph.44
Bii 10 (Vorsokr.5); φύσιν ἔχει c. inf., it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (sc. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); Hdt.2.45, cf. Pl.R. 473a; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature, ib. 489b; ;τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει Polem.Call.36
.IV in Philosophy:1 nature as an originating power,φ. λέγεται.. ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων Arist.Metaph. 1014b16
;ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν Id.Cael. 271a33
; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ ib. 291b13;ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ Id.Metaph. 1070a8
, cf. Mete. 381b5, etc.;φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ Heraclit.123
;ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. Plot.4.4.44
; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, Stoic.1.44, cf. 35, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified,χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. Epicur.Fr. 469
;Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη Phld. Piet.12
;ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. Corp.Herm.1.14
.2 elementary substance,κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα Pl.Lg. 891c
, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined asτὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν.. ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3
);τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν Arist.Metaph. 1014b33
: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.;ἄτομοι φ.
atoms,Democr.
ap. Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.;ἄφθαρτοι φ. Phld.Piet.83
.3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature',ἀθανάτου.. φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων E.Fr. 910
(anap.);περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν Pl.Prt. 315c
; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.;[σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν Pl.Phd. 96a
;περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη Epicr.11.13
(anap.); so later,ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν Plot.2.2.1
;τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. Corp.Herm.1.8
; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42.4 Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12.V as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, S.Fr. 590 (anap.), cf. OT 869 (lyr.); πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, Id.Ant. 345 (lyr.);ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε Pl.R. 359c
, cf. Plt. 272c; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman- kind (opp. τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) X.Lac.3.4: also in pl., S.OT 674, Pl.R. 588c, Plt. 306e, X.Oec.13.9; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, Isoc.4.113, cf. 20.11, Aeschin.1.191.b of plants or material substances,φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι D.S.2.49
;ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν Corp.Herm. 1.4
.VI kind, sort, species,ταύτην.. ἔχειν βιοτῆς.. φύσιν S.Ph. 165
(anap.);ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν Pl.R. 429d
; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, X.Cyn.3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.).VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (prob. for οὖσα)κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν S.Tr. 1062
, cf. OC 445, Th.2.45, Pl.Lg. 770d, 944d: hence, -
66 χειμάζω
A- άσω Thphr.Sign.38
):—trans., expose to the winter cold: found only in [voice] Pass., to be exposed thereto, Hp.Vict.3.68; pass the winter, S.Fr. 503;ὅπως χειμασθῇ καὶ ἡλιωθῇ ἡ γῆ Thphr.CP3.20.7
; of trees, live through the winter, χειμασθέντα [δένδρα] Id.HP4.14.1;χειμασθῆναι χειμῶσι ὡραίοις καὶ καλοῖς Id.CP2.1.2
.2 intr., pass the winter, Ar.Av. 1097 (lyr.), X.Oec.5.9, Isoc.7.54, etc.: of armies, go into winter quarters, Hdt.8.133, X.HG1.2.15, 3.2.1, Plb.27.18.1, etc.II raise a storm or tempest, ;ὅταν χειμάζῃ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ X.Oec.8.16
, cf. IG7.4255.5 (Orop.);χειμάσει [ἡ νεφέλη] ἐφ' ἡμᾶς Plu.2.195d
: impers., the storm continued,Hdt.
7.191; there will be stormy weather,Thphr.
Sign.l.c.III c. acc., drive forth or away, of a storm, ἔξω χ. [τοὺς μύας] Id.Fr.174.7:—[voice] Pass., to be driven by a storm, overtaken by it, Th.2.25, 3.69, al.;χειμασθεὶς ἀνέμῳ Id.8.99
; , etc.2 metaph., toss like a storm, distress,τόδ' αἷμα χ. πόλιν S.OT 101
;τὴν σάρκα τὸ παρὸν μόνον χειμάζειν Epicur.Fr. 452
: also, annoy, vex, S.Ichn.331, Men.208, Phld.Lib.p.61 O., POsl.48.8 (i A. D.);σφὴξ τοῖς κέντροις πλήσσων ἐχείμαζε Aesop.393
:—[voice] Pass., to be tempest-tossed, distressed, esp. of the state considered as a ship, E.Supp. 269, Ar.Ra. 361; ; also of single persons, κατὰ θάλασσαν χειμασθεῖσαι (as example of a ψυχικὸν πάθος) Sor.3.84; suffer grievously, A.Pr. 563 (anap.), 838, S.Ph. 1460 (anap.), Gorg.Pal.11, Pl.Plt. 273d;ἰσχὺς ἐν νόσῳ χειμάζεται S.Ichn. 267
;ταῖς σαῖς ἀπειλαῖς αἷς ἐχειμάσθην Id.Ant. 391
;ἄλλῃ δ' ἐν τύχῃ χ. E.Hipp. 315
;χειμαζόμεθα.. ὑπ' ἀπορίας ἐν τοῖς νῦν λόγοις Pl.Phlb. 29b
, cf. La. 194c; (iii B. C.);ἐν στρατείαις ἢ νόσοις ἢ ἐν θαλάττῃ χ. Pl.Tht. 170a
; of feverish patients,χειμάζονται μάλιστα πεμπταῖοι Hp.Prog.24
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χειμάζω
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67 ἐκσιφωνίζω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκσιφωνίζω
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68 ἐξαμβλόω
A f.l. for -ῶσαι in Them.Or.2.33b:—make to miscarry,νηδὺν ἐξαμβλοῦμεν E.Andr. 356
:—[voice] Pass., of the foetus, miscarry,βρέφος ἐξαμβλωθέν Apollod.3.4.3
: metaph.,αὕτη ἡ ἐλπὶς ἐξήμβλωτο αὐτῇ Ael.Fr.57
.2 make abortive: metaph., φροντίδ' ἐξήμβλωκας you have made a notion miscarry, Ar.Nu. 137; to which Strepsiades retorts, εἰπέ μοι τὸ πρᾶγμα τοὐξημβλωμένον your abortive thought, ib. 139, cf. Pl.Tht. 150e;ἐ. θείας γονάς Ph.1.219
:—[voice] Pass.,ὁ πυρὸς ἐξαμβλούμενος Thphr.CP4.5.3
;σώματος ἰσχὺς ἐξαμβλοῦται Plu. 2.2e
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξαμβλόω
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69 ἐπισχύω
II intr., to be or grow strong, Thphr.CP2.1.4; prevail, D.S. 5.59, Corn.ND7 ; to be urgent,ἐπίσχυον λέγοντες Ev.Luc.23.5
;ὁ λόγος -ύσει πρὸς συμβουλίαν ἢ διδαχήν Vett.Val.48.6
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπισχύω
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70 ἰξύς
A waist, of women, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετ' ἰξυῖ ([var] contr. for ἰξύϊ) Od.5.231, cf. Longus 1.4; of a man, Arat.310; of centaurs, Opp. C.2.6; of a deer, APl.4.96: pl., ἰξύες, οἱ, loins, Hp.Fract.20, cf. Gal. 19.106: sg.,= ὀσφύς, [Id.]14.706. (Perh. akin to ἰσχύς, cf. ἰσχίον.) [ῡ in nom. and acc. sg., Choerob. in Theod.1.331; [pron. full] ῠ in trisyll. cases.] -
71 ἰσόπαις
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰσόπαις
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72 ἰσχυρός
A strong, esp. of personal strength, S.Ph. 945, E.Fr. 290, etc.; of things,ἰ. βέλος Alc.15.4
;ῥεύματα Hdt.8.12
; ἰ. χθών hard, A.Pers. 310; of food, indigestible, Hp.Art.50; of taste, strong, Thphr.HP7.6.1; of armies,ἰσχυροτέρα φάλαγξ X.Cyr.7.1.30
; of places, Th.4.9, X.An.4.6.11, etc.;τῆς χώρης τὸ -ότατον Hdt.1.76
; τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἰ., opp. τὰ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἰ., X.Eq.Mag.8.24; τὰ ἰσχυρότατα your strongest points, Th.5.111; τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἰ. that in which the strength of the state lies, Aeschin.3.66; ὁρῶντες οὐδὲν ἰ. ἀπὸ τῶν Λεσβίων no show of strength, Th.3.6; ἰ. τι πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμ' ἔχειν a strong point, Men.Epit. 130;- ότατον τεκμήριον SIG685.84
(Crete, ii B.C.).2 powerful,ἄλοχος Διός A.Supp. 302
; ; ;ἰ. τὸ πολλόν Hdt.1.136
;οἱ ἰ. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν X.Ath. 1.14
: [comp] Comp.-ότερος, ἐς πειθώ Democr.51
;ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος -ότερός μου ἐστίν Ev.Matt.3.11
.3 forcible, violent, severe, σιτοδείη, ψύχη, Hdt.1.94,4.29;λιμός Ev.Luc.15.14
;ἀναγκαίη Hdt.1.74
; αἱ λίαν ἰ. τιμωρίαι violent, excessive, Id.4.205; ὅρκος -ότατος, ἀνάγκαι -όταται, Antipho 5.11, 6.25;νόσημα Hp.
Acut.(Sp.) 4;βήξ Th.2.49
; γέλως, ἐπιθυμίαι, etc., Pl.R. 388e, 560b, etc.; νόμος ἰ. severe, Hdt.7.102, Lys.15.9; ; γνώμη -οτέρη more positive, Hdt.9.41; τρόπῳ ᾧ ἂν δύνωνται -οτάτῳ Foed. ap. Th.5.23; κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρόν by main force, opp. δόλῳ, Hdt.4.201, cf.9.2.4 of literary style, vigorous, D.H.Comp.22; also of syllables, strong, ib.16; στάσεις λαμβάνειν ἰ. ib.22.II Adv. - ρῶς strongly, with all force,ἐγκεῖσθαι Th.1.69
, etc.;φυλάττειν τινάς X.An.6.3.11
.2 very much, exceedingly, with Adjs., Hdt.4.108; ἔθνος μέγα ἰ. ib. 183;διώρυγες ἰ. βαθεῖαι X.An.[1.7.15]
, etc.;ἰ. χλωρόν Hp.Prog.11
; κίνησις νωθὴς ἰ. Arist.HA 503b9;ἰ. φιλοπλάτων Phld.
Ind Sto.61: with Verbs, ἰ. ἥδεσθαι, ἀνιᾶσθαι, X.Cyr.8.3.44; ἀπήγγειλεν ὅτι πάντα δοκοίη ἰ. τῷ εὐνούχῳ ib.5.3.15: [comp] Comp.- οτέρως Heraclit.114
, Hdt.3.129;- ότερον X.Cyr.4.5.12
, etc.: [comp] Sup., in answers, ἰσχυρότατά γε most certainly, Id.Oec.1.15.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰσχυρός
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73 ἴς
Aἴνεσι Il.23.191
, alsoἰσίν Sor.
(v. infr.), Suid. s.v. ἶνες, cj. Nauck for εἰσίν in A.Fr. 229:— sinew, tendon, sg. once in Hom.,ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἂν.. ἀνὴρ.. ἶνα τάμῃ διὰ πᾶσαν Il.17.522
: usu. in pl., sinews, , cf. Il.23.191;ἶνες ἄρθρων Ar. Pax86
, cf. Archil.138; ἶνες αὐτὸ μόνον καὶ λεπτὴ δορά, of a person wasted by disease, Ph.2.432; δοράς, σάρκας, ἶνας ib. 527: metaph.,Τρωίας ἶνας ἐκταμὼν δορί Pi.I.8(7).57
.2 later, the fibrous vessels in the muscles, Pl.Ti. 84a, Arist.HA 515b27, al.; in blood, fibrine, Id.PA 650b14, cf. Pl.Ti. 82c, Meno Iatr.17.34: metaph., of metals, Plu.2.434b.------------------------------------ἴς (B) [ῑ], ἡ, three times in acc. sg. ἶνα (elided ἶν') Il.5.245,7.269, Od.9.538, freq. in instr. ἶφι (q.v.), elsewh. only nom. sg.:—A strength, force, of persons,ἀλλ' ἄρα καὶ ἲς ἐσθλή Il.12.320
; ;ἤ μοι ἔτ' ἐστὶν ἴς, οἵη πάρος.. Od.21.283
, cf. 11.393, 18.3: freq. in periphr., ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο the strong Telemachus, 2.409;κρατερὴ ἲς Ὀδυσῆος Il.23.720
;ἲς Ἡρακλῆος Hes.Th. 951
; and in twofold periphr., ἲς βίης Ἡρακληείης ib. 332; also of things, ἲς ἀνέμου or ἀνέμοιο, Il.15.383, 17.739, Od.9.71;ἲς ποταμοῖο Il.21.356
; κράται' ἴς was read by Ptol.Asc.in Od.11.597; v. κρατύς. ( ϝῑ-, cf. γίς· ἰσχύς, Hsch., pr. n.ϝιφιάδας IG7.3172.70
, Lat. vis, vim; prob. cogn. with ἵεμαι but not with ἴς (A).) -
74 ὑπεροχή
ὑπεροχ-ή, ἡ, (Aὑπερέχω 11
) projection, prominence,οὐ κνῖσα κρούει πινὸς ὑπεροχὰς ἄκρας; Ephipp.3
, cf. Gp.9.10.4; αἱ ὑ. τῶν βουνῶν, τῶν ὀρῶν, their prominent points, Plb.10.10.10, Plu. 2.936a; top of an upright beam, Ath.Mech.17.4; ὑ. λιθοειδεῖς, of the mastoid processes of the skull, Ruf.Onom. 139; τὰς ὑ. αὐτῶν (sc. τῶν μαστῶν) Sor.1.55: abs., an eminence, Plb.3.104.3.2 rising of a star,ἀνατολὴν εἶναι.. ὑ. ἄστρου ὑπὲρ γῆς Chrysipp.Stoic.2.200
; raising,τῆς ἑαυτῶν κεφαλῆς Plot.5.8.3
.II metaph., pre-eminence, superiority,ὑπεροχῆς ἐπιθυμεῖ ἡ νεότης, ἡ δὲ νίκη ὑ. τις Arist.Rh. 1389a13
;ἡ ἰσχὺς καὶ ἡ ὑ. Id.Pol. 1297b18
; τὴν ὑ. ἀπονέμειν τοῖς ἀρίστοις ib. 1293b41; τὴν ὑ. τῆς πολιτείας λαμβάνειν superiority in the government, ib. 1296a31; διὰ τὴν ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους because of superiority in multitude, ib. 1293a4;ἡ ἐν τῷ ἐπιτηδεύματι ὑ. IG22.3800
: pl.,πρὸς τὰς ὑ. οὕτω διακεῖσθαι Isoc.12.16
;διαφέρεσθαι ἐν τῷ ποσῷ καὶ ταις ὑ. Arist.Pol. 1323a35
.2 like ὑπερβολή, excess, opp. ἔλλειψις (defect), in many senses, as in Arithm., one of the ἀριθμοῦ ᾗ ἀριθμὸς πάθη, Id.Metaph. 1004b12, cf. Archim.Spir.11, Aequil.1.2, Dioph.1.6, al.; ἐν ἴσῃ ὑ., of an arithmetical progression, Papp.76.21, al., cf. Archyt.2, Porph. in Harm.p.266 W.; excess, of a sum of money, SIG976.66 (Samos, ii B.C.); in Physics, Arist.Ph. 187a16, 189b10, HA 486b8, al.; , al.;τάχος τὸ ὑ. [ἔχον] κινήσεως Id.Metaph. 1052b30
;ἡ κατὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν ὑ. Id.EN 1098a11
, cf. Rh. 1368a25; τῶν ἠθῶν (sc. τοῦ Επικούρου) IG22.1099.27 (Epist. Plotinae), cf. 42(1).86.18 (Epid., prob.); φιλίας εἶδος τὸ καθ' ὑ., where one exceeds the other in rank, etc., Arist.EN 1158b12, cf. 1161a20: pl.,κατὰ πλούτων ὑπεροχάς Pl.Lg. 711d
;οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχαῖς εὐτυχημάτων ὄντες Arist. Pol. 1295b14
.3 alone, supremacy, authority, dignity, Plb.1.64.1;τὴν Σελεύκου τοῦ βασιλέως ὑ. Antiph.187.4
;δαιμόνων ὑ. OGI383.75
(Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.);οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχαῖς νεανίσκοι D.S.4.41
;οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ὄντες PTeb.734.24
(ii B.C.), 1 Ep.Ti.2.2;ἀνὴρ ἐν ὑ. κείμενος LXX 2 Ma.3.11
.4 of language, periphrasis. prolixity, opp. ἔλλειψις, Pl.Plt. 283c.5 as a title, Excellency, Just.Nov.25.5;ἡ ὑμετέρα Ὑ. POxy.130.20
(vi A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπεροχή
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75 ῥῦμα
1 τόξου ῥ., i.e. the Persian archers, opp. λόγχης ἰσχύς, i.e. the Greek spearmen, A.Pers. 147 (anap.); ἐκ τόξου ῥύματος from the distance of a bow- shot, X.An.3.3.15;ἐς τόξου ῥ. Eun.Hist.p.271D.
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76 ἔχω 1
ἔχω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `possess, get(back-), have', aor. `conquer, take (in possession)', intr. `hold oneself', med. `id.';Other forms: also ἴσχω, aor. σχεῖν, ἔσχον, fut. ἕξω, σχήσω (Il.), perf. act. ἔσχηκα (Pl. Lg. 765a), med. ἔσχημαι, aor. pass. ἐσχέθην (late).Compounds: very often with prefix in various meanings, ἀν-, ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, κατ-, μετ-, προσ-, συν- etc. As 1. member in e. g. ἐχέ-φρων, ἐχ-έγγυος, ἐχεπευκής (s. v.), ἐκεχειρία (s. v.); also ἰσχέ-θυρον a. o. (hell.); cf. Schwyzer 441; as 2. member e. g. in προσ-, συν-εχής with προσ-, συν-έχεια.Derivatives: From the ε-grade (= present-stem): ἔχμα `obstacle, support, defence' (Il.) with ἐχμάζω (H., Sch.; cf. ὀχμάζω below); Myc. e-ka-ma?; ἕξις `attitude, situation etc.', often in derivv. of prefix-compp., e. g. πρόσ-, κάθ-εξις from προσ-, κατ-έχειν (Ion.-Att.); with ( προσ-, καθ-) ἑκτικός (s. also s. v.); ἑξῆς s. v.; ἐχέ-τλη, - τλιον `plough-handle' (cf. καὶ ἡ αὖλαξ, καὶ ἡ σπάθη τοῦ ἀρότρου Η. and ἐχελεύειν ἀροτριᾶν H.); ἕκτωρ `the holder' (Lyc. 100; also Pl. Kra. 393a as explanation of the PN [s. v.]; Sapph. 157 as surname of Zeus); ἐχυρός s. v. From εὖ ἔχειν: εὑεξία `good condition' (Ion.-Att.; opposite καχεξία from κακῶς ἔχειν) with εὑέκ-της, - τικός, - τέω, also - τία (Archyt.); retrograde formation εὔεξος εὑφυής H. (not with Schwyzer 516 σο-Suffix). From the reduplicated present (s. below): ἰσχάς f. `anchor' (S. Fr. 761, Luc. Lex. 15); lengthened forms ἰσχάνω, - νάω (Il.). From the zero grade (= aorist-stem): σχέσις `situation, character, relation, holding back' (Ion.-Att.), often in derivv. from prefix-compp., e. g. ἀνά-, ἐπί-, ὑπό-, κατά-σχεσις from ἀνα-σχεῖν, - έσθαι etc.; σχῆμα (cf. σχ-ήσω) `attitude, form, appearance' (Ion.-Att.; Schwyzer 523); secondarily σχέμα (H.) Lat. schĕma f. (Leumann Sprache 1, 206); with σχηματίζω with σχημάτ-ισις, - ισμός etc.; verbal adjective ἄ-σχετος `not to hold, irresistable' (Il.); from virtual verbal adjectives come also the abstract-formations ἐπισχεσίη `attitude, pretext' (φ 71), ὑποσχεσίη `promise' (Ν 369, A. R.), cf. Schwyzer 469, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 86f.; here also *σχερός (s. ἐπισχερώ), σχεδόν, σχέτλιος, σχολή, σκεθρός (s. vv.); (not to ἰσχύς). From the o-grade: ὄχοι m. pl. `holder, preserver' ( λιμένες νηῶν ὄχοι ε 404); ὀχός `fest, certain' (Ph. Byz.), further in verbal adjectives to the prefix-compp. like ἔξ-, κάτ-, μέτοχος (from ἐξ-έχειν etc.); ὀχή f. `holding, support' (Call., Lyc., Ath.); to the prefix-compp. συν-, μετ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-οχή etc. (from συν-έχειν etc.); ὀχεύς "holder", `helm-strap, girdle-clasp, door-bolt etc.' (Il.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 30, also on ὀχεύω `pounce upon' etc.; cf. s. v.); ὄχανον `shield-holder' (Anakr., Hdt.), also ὀχάνη (Plu.; cf. Chantraine Formation 198); ὀχυρός, s. ἐχυρός; ὄχμος `fortress' (Lyc.), ὄχμα πόρπημα H.; with ὀχμάζω `hold fest' (A., E.); adv. ὄχα `widely, by far' (ὄχ' ἄριστος Il.), ἔξοχα `in front of' (ἔχω 1 πάντων; Il.). Reduplicated formation: ἀν-οκωχή s. v.; also (ἐν) συνεοχμῳ̃?; s. v., w. compositional lengthening: εὑωχέω, s. v. - On συνοκωχότε (Β 218) s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [888] *seǵh- `hold, have'Etymology: ἔχω, with reduplication ἴ-σχ-ω (\< *ἵ-σχ-ω, ( σ)ί-σχ-ω), has an exact agreement in Skt. sáhate `force, conquer' (= ἔχεται, IE *séǵʰetoi); but the zero grade aorist and the other verbal forms are isolated (GAv. zaēma not = σχοῖμεν, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 10, 39 n. 12). In Greek the word group knew a strong development; cf. Meillet Άντίδωρον 9ff., Porzig Gliederung 115f. On the other hand in Greek fail the neutral s-stem Skt. sáhas- `force, srength, victoy', Av. hazah- `id.', Goth. sigis (cf. on ἐχυρός). The group is also represented in Celtic, e. g. in the Gaulish names Σεγο-δουνον, Sego-vellauni. - Older lit. and further forms in Bq s. v., Pokorny 888f.Page in Frisk: 1,603-604Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔχω 1
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77 ἴ̄ς 1
ἴ̄ς 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `power, strength' (Hom., Hes.).Derivatives: ἴφι-ος `strong' ( ἴφια μῆλα Hom., D. P.; on the formation Schwyzer 461) with PN as Ϝιφιάδας, Ϝίφιτος (Boeot., Cor.), Ἶφις (Ι 667 a. o.; endearing name); s. also ἴφθιμος. -Etymology: H. γίς (= Ϝίς)... ἰσχύς confirms the identity of (Ϝ)ίς `strength' with Lat. vīs `id.'); the expected acc. (Ϝ)ί̄ν = vim can be restored from the always antevocalic ἶν'.Page in Frisk: 1,735-736Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴ̄ς 1
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78 διϊσχυρίζομαι
διϊσχυρίζομαι impf. διϊσχυριζόμην to be emphatic or resolute about someth., insist, maintain firmly (so since Lysias, Isaeus, Pla.; Aelian, HA 7, 18; Cass. Dio 57, 23; PMich XIII, 659, 14 [VI A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 17, 336; Just., A I, 68, 8 [Hadrian]) Lk 22:59; Ac 15:2 D. W. inf. foll. (Jos., Ant. 2, 106) Ac 12:15.—New Docs 2, 81.—DELG s.v. ἰσχύς.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διϊσχυρίζομαι
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79 δύναμις
δύναμις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) gener. ‘capability’, with emphasis on function.① potential for functioning in some way, power, might, strength, force, capabilityⓐ general, λαμβάνειν δ. receive power Ac 1:8 (cp. Epict. 1, 6, 28; 4, 1, 109; Tat. 16, 1 δραστικωτέρας δ.); ἰδίᾳ δ. by one’s own capability 3:12. Of kings τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν Rv 17:13 (cp. Just., A I, 17, 3 βασιλικῆς δ.).—Of God’s power (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac. θεῶν δ., Diod S 1, 20, 6 τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν of Osiris’ function as benefactor to humanity; 5, 71, 6; 27, 12, 1; 34 + 35 Fgm. 28, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 70, 75; 84; 23 [40], 36; Herm. Wr. 14, 9 ὁ θεὸς …, ἡ [ᾧ v.l.] πᾶσα δύναμις τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα; PGM 4, 641; 7, 582; 12, 250; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 4; 7 [Fgm. 4, ln. 22 p. 164; ln. 84 p. 172]; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 8, 109; 9, 15; SibOr 3, 72; Just., A I, 32, 11 al.) Mt 22:29; Mk 12:24; Lk 22:69; Ro 1:16, 20 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 167 God is known through his δ.); 9:17 (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14; 2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 13:4; Eph 3:7; 2 Ti 1:8; 1 Pt 1:5; Rv 1:16; 11:17; 12:10; 15:8; cp. 2 Cor 12:9a; Rv 5:12; 1 Cl 11:2; 33:3; Dg 7:9; 9:1f; δ. ὑψίστου Lk 1:35. In doxology (1 Ch 29:11f; on the doxol. in the Lord’s Prayer HSchumaker, Cath. World 160, ’45, 342–49) Mt 6:13 v.l.; D 8:2; 9:4; 10:5. Cp. Rv 4:11; 7:12; 19:1.—IMg 3:1; ISm 1:1; Hv 3, 3, 5; m 5, 2, 1; PtK 2. Hence God is actually called δ. (Philo, Mos. 1, 111, Mut. Nom. 29; Ath. 16, 2) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62 (cp. Wsd 1:3; 5:23 and Dalman, Worte 164f). Christ possesses a θεία δ. (this expr. in Aristot., Pol. 4 [7], 4, 1326a 32; PGM 12, 302 al.; s. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 40, 20 al.; Did., Gen. 60, 8; s. θεῖος 1a) 2 Pt 1:3; cp. 1:16 and 1 Cor 5:4; of Christ’s potential to achieve someth. through Paul 2 Cor 12:9b (cp. SEG XXXIV, 1308, 5f [50 B.C.–50 A.D.]). In Hs 9, 26, 8, the potential associated with the women in black leads to destruction. δ. leaves Christ at his death GPt 5:19 (s. LVaganay, L’Évangile de Pierre 1930, 108; 254ff). ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου δ. AcPlCor 2:39.— Power of the Holy Spirit (Jos., Ant. 8, 408; Just., D. 87, 4f al.) Lk 4:14; Ac 1:8; Ro 15:13, 19 (ἐν δ. πν. [θεοῦ]); Hm 11:2, 5. ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως 1 Cor 2:4; cp. ἐγείρεται ἐν δ. 15:43, foll. by σῶμα πνευμάτικον. δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι be strengthened in power (i.e. with ability to function) by the Spirit Eph 3:16. Hence the Spirit given the Christian can be called πνεῦμα δυνάμεως, i.e. in contrast to an unenterprising spirit, πνεῦμα δειλίας, God offers one that functions aggressively, 2 Ti 1:7; cp. 1 Pt 4:14 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 25/BMM 32f/Ox 1602, 39. The believers are ἐν πάσῃ δ. δυναμούμενοι equipped w. all power Col 1:11; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:20 (for Eph 1:19 cp. 1QH 14:23; 11:29 al.; for Eph 3:16, 6:10 cp. 1QH 7:17, 19; 12:35; 1QM 10:5; see KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 336); esp. the apostles and other people of God Lk 24:49; Ac 4:33; 6:8; cp. AcPl Ha 6, 21. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δ. Ἠλίου Lk 1:17.—Of the devil’s destructive capability Lk 10:19; cp. Rv 13:2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος what gives sin its power to function is the law 1 Cor 15:56.ⓑ specif., the power that works wonders (SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]; POxy 1381, 206ff; PGM 4, 2449; 12, 260ff; Just., D. 49, 8 κρυφία δ.; s. JZingerle, Heiliges Recht 1926, 10f; JRöhr, D. okkulte Kraftbegriff im Altertum 1923, 14f) Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; Hv 1, 3, 4. ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός δυνάμει (God endowed him to perform miracles) Ac 10:38 (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 10 of Jason: χρισάμενος δυνάμει τινί, λαβὼν παρὰ τῆς Μηδείας; Diod S 4, 51, 1 τ. τρίχας δυνάμεσί τισι χρίσασα=she anointed her hair with certain potions; 4, 51, 4; 17, 103, 4 ὁ σίδηρος κεχριμένος ἦν φαρμάκου δυνάμει=with a poisonous potion. Diod S 1, 97, 7 a powerful medium=φάρμακον; s. ἐξουσία 7; also RAC II 415–58). τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δ. ἐξελθοῦσαν potency emanated from him Mk 5:30; cp. Lk 8:46; δ. παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο 6:19; cp. 5:17; perh. also (but s. 3 below) Gal 3:5; 1 Cor 12:28f (on the pl. δυνάμεις s. X., Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Herm. Wr. 13, 8 al.; on this ADieterich, E. Mithraslit. 1903, 46f; cp. PKöhn VI, 245, 18 Athena; for parallels and lit. s. Ptocheia [=ASP 31] ’91, 55). ἐν δ. with power, powerful(ly) (TestJob 47:9; Synes., Ep. 90 p. 230d τοὺς ἐν δ.) Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; μετὰ δυνάμεως Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27.—κατὰ δύναμιν w. gen. (Lucian, Imag. 3) by the power of Hb 7:16. Hebraist.=δυνατός (but readily understood in the Greek world as a defining gen., e.g. λόγου ἄνοια=vocal frenzy Soph. Antig. 603; s. Judg 3:29; 20:46 [ἄνδρες δυνάμεως B =ἄνδρες δυνατοί A]; Wsd 5:23): τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ by his powerful word 1:3; μετʼ ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ w. messengers of his power i.e. angels who exercise Jesus’ power 2 Th 1:7 (unless this is to be rendered with KJV et al. his mighty angels) (cp. En 20:1; GrBar 1:8; 2:6); μὴ ἔχων δ. powerless Hv 3, 11, 2; m 9:12. ἰσχυρὰν δ. ἔχειν be very powerful m 5, 2, 3; cp. 9:11; ἐν ποίᾳ δ.; by what power? (s. under 5) Ac 4:7. ὕψος δυνάμεως pride in (one’s) power B 20:1.—Effectiveness in contrast to mere word or appearance 1 Cor 4:19f; 1 Th 1:5. ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι they have the outward appearance of piety, but deny its function 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 409 τὸ ὄνομα τ. βασιλείας εἶχεν, τ. δὲ δύναμιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι=[Alexandra] bore the title queen, but the Pharisees were in control). δ. πίστεως the power of faith in contrast to verbal profession IEph 14:2. Sim. δ. w. ἐξουσία (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 65) potent authority i.e. the word of Jesus is not only authoritative but functions effectively ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ, for the unclean spirits depart Lk 4:36; 9:1.—W. ἰσχύς 2 Pt 2:11 (Ath. 24, 2); w. ἐνέργεια Hm 6, 1, 1 (cp. Galen X, 635); τὴν δ. τῆς ἀναστάσεως the effectiveness of his (Christ’s) resurrection, which brings about the resurrection of the believers Phil 3:10.—Of the peculiar power inherent in a thing (of the healing power of medicines since Hippocr.; cp. Diod S 1, 20, 4; 1, 97, 7; 17, 103, 4; Plut., Mor. 157d al.; Dio Chrys. 25 [42], 3; Galen, Comp. Med. XIII 707 K.). δ. πυρός Hb 11:34 (Diod S 15, 50, 3 δ. τοῦ φωτός=the intensity of the light).② ability to carry out someth., ability, capability (cp. Democrit, Fgm. B 234; Pla., Philb. 58d; cp. Aristot., Metaph. 4, 12, 1019a 26; Epict. 2, 23, 34; 4 Km 18:20; Ruth 3:11; Jos., Ant. 10, 54; Just., D. 4, 1) δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος Hb 11:11 (s. entry καταβολή). κατὰ δύναμιν according to ability (Diod S 14, 81, 6 v.l.; SIG 695, 9; 44 [129 B.C.]; PGM 4, 650; POxy 1273, 24; BGU 1050, 14; Sir 29:20; Jos., Ant. 3, 102; Just., A II, 13, 6; also ὅση δ. A I, 13, 1; 55, 8 al.; ὡς δ. μου D. 80, 5) 2 Cor 8:3a; ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δ. to each according to his special capability (cp. SIG 695, 55) Mt 25:15; AcPl Ha 7, 17. Opp. beyond one’s ability ὑπὲρ δύναμιν (Demosth. 18, 193; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3; 2, 13 §49; POxy 282, 8; Sir 8:13) 2 Cor 1:8 or παρὰ δ. (Thu. 3, 54, 4; PPetr II, 3b, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 1418, 3; Jos., Ant. 14, 378) 8:3b.③ a deed that exhibits ability to function powerfully, deed of power, miracle, wonder (Ael. Aristid. 40, 12 K.=5 p. 59 D.: δυνάμεις ἐμφανεῖς; 42, 4 K.=6 p. 64 D. al.; Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 13; POxy 1381, 42; 90f τ. δυνάμεις ἀπαγγέλλειν; Steinleitner, nos. 3, 7f and 17; 8, 10 [restored] al.; Ps 117:15; Just., A I, 26, 22 al.) w. σημεῖα 2 Th 2:9; also in pl. Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12; Hb 2:4; in this sense δ. stands mostly in pl. δυνάμεις Mt 7:22; 11:20f, 23; 13:54, 58; Mk 6:2; 9:39; Lk 10:13; 19:37; Ac 8:13; 19:11; 1 Cor 12:10, 28f; Gal 3:5 (on the two last pass. s. 1b above); Hb 6:5. Sg. Mk 6:5.④ someth. that serves as an adjunct of power, resource μικρὰν ἔχειν δ. have few resources Rv 3:8. Also wealth (X., An. 7, 7, 36, Cyr. 8, 4, 34; Dt 8:17f) ἐκ τῆς δ. τοῦ στρήνους fr. the excessive wealth Rv 18:3. Esp. of military forces (Hdt. et al. very oft.; cp. OGI ind. VIII; LXX; Jos., Ant. 18, 262; Just., D 131, 3), even of the heavenly bodies thought of as armies δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν the armies of heaven (Is 34:4 v.l.; 4 Km 17:16; Da 8:10 Theod.; En 18:14) Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25.⑤ an entity or being, whether human or transcendent, that functions in a remarkable manner, power as a personal transcendent spirit or heavenly agent/angel ([cp. Pla., Crat. 438c] Aristot., Met. 4, 12, 1019a, 26 divinities δυνάμεις [likewise TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 21=Stone p. 36] λέγονται; Eth. Epic. col. 9, 16, w. θεοι; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 2 p. 133 Nauck δαίμοσιν ἢ θεοῖς ἤ τισι δυνάμεσιν θῦσαι; Sallust. 15 p. 28, 15 αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις; Herm. Wr. 1, 26; 13, 15; Synes., Ep. 57 p. 191b; PGM 4, 3051; 4 Macc 5:13; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 171, Mut. Nom. 59) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 1 Pt 3:22; αἱ δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1. (Cp. αἱ πονηραὶ δ., διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 4.) θεὸς ἀγγέλων καὶ δ. MPol 14:1 (cp. the ins in FCumont, Étud. syr. 1917, p. 321, 5 ὁ θεὸς τ. δυνάμεων=BCH 26, 1902, 176; Just., D. 85, 6 ἄγγελοι … καὶ δ.)—Desig. of a personal divine being as a power (i.e. an effective intermediary or expression; s. DDD 509–16) of the most high God (Ael. Aristid. 37, 28 K.=2 p. 27 D.: Athena as δ. τοῦ Διός; Just., A I, 14, 5 δ. θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν; cp. 23, 2; Tat. 5, 1) οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη this man is what is called the Great Power of God Ac 8:10 (cp. ins of Saïttaï in Lydia εἷς θεὸς ἐν οὐρανοῖς μέγας Μὴν οὐράνιος, μεγάλη δύναμις τοῦ ἀθανάτου θεοῦ: ILydiaKP 110; PGM 4, 1275ff ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὴν μεγίστην δύναμιν τὴν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ τεταγμένην. S. New Docs 1, 107. Cp. HKippenberg, Garizim u. Synagoge: RVV ’71, 122–24.—GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 8f; WSpiegelberg, Die ägypt. Gottheit der ‘Gotteskraft’: Ztschr. f. äg. Sprache 57, 1922, 145ff; FPreisigke, D. Gotteskraft der frühchristl. Zeit 1922).⑥ the capacity to convey thought, meaning (Pla., Crat. 394b; Polyb. 20, 9, 11; Dionys. Hal. 1, 68; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 19; Cass. Dio 55, 3; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Just., D. 125, 1 ἡ δ. τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὀνόματος; 138, 1 ὀγδόης ἡμέρας … δυνάμει … πρώτης) of language 1 Cor 14:11; of stones Hv 3, 4, 3; cp. 3, 8, 6f.—OSchmitz, D. Begriff δ. bei Pls: ADeissmann Festschr. 1927, 139–67; WGrundmann, D. Begriff d. Kraft in d. ntl. Gedankenwelt ’32; Dodd 16–20; EFascher, Dynamis Theou: ZTK n. s. 19, ’38, 82–108; LBieler, Δύναμις u. ἐξουσία: Wiener Studien 55, ’38, 182–90; AForster, The Mng. of Power for St. Paul, ATR 32, ’50, 177–85; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27 (contrast w. ‘weakness’ in Qumran lit.)—DELG. Lampe s.v. δύναμις VI B and VII. RAC IV 441–51. EDNT. M-M. TW. -
80 κατισχύω
κατισχύω (s. ἰσχύω) impf. κατίσχυον; fut. κατισχύσω; 1 aor. κατίσχυσα (in various senses relating to display of strength: ‘be strong, powerful, gain the ascendancy’: Soph.+; oft. in later wr. and in LXX; En 104:6; PsSol 2:7; Test12Patr, EpArist; Jos., Ant. 14, 357, but scarcely at all in ins, pap [PGM 13, 797]) intr.① to have the strength or capability to obtain an advantage, be dominant, prevail abs. (Polyb. 11, 13, 3; Ex 17:11; En 104:6) κατίσχυον αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν their voices prevailed Lk 23:23 (Antig. Car. 152 κατίσχυκεν ἡ φήμη). W. inf. foll. be able, be in a position 21:36.② to have the capability to defeat, win a victory over w. gen. (Dio Chrys. 12 [13], 4 al.; Aelian, HA 5, 19; Wsd 7:30; Jer 15:18; Jos., Bell. 2, 464 κατισχύσας πλειόνων=conqueror of a superior force; TestReub 4:11) πύλαι ᾅδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς (i.e. τῆς ἐκκλησίας) Mt 16:18 (s. on πύλη a). πάσης πονηρίας Hv 2, 3, 2. κ. τῶν ἔργων τοῦ διαβόλου win the victory over the works of the devil Hm 12, 6, 4.—DELG s.v. ἰσχύς. M-M. TW.
См. также в других словарях:
ισχύς — Η ποσότητα της ενέργειας που παράγεται ή απορροφάται από ένα σύστημα στη μονάδα του χρόνου· ειδικότερα, η ι. ενός κινητήρα είναι η ποσότητα του έργου που αυτός παράγει στη μονάδα του χρόνου. Ως προς την κίνηση, η ι. ενός κινητήρα συνήθως… … Dictionary of Greek
ισχύς — η γεν. ύος 1. δύναμη: Ισχύς του σώματος. – Ισχύς του έθνους. 2. δύναμη επιβολής, επιρροή: Δεν έχει καμία ισχύ στον υπουργό. 3. νομικό κύρος: Το συμβόλαιο αυτό δεν έχει ισχύ. – Τέθηκε σε ισχύ ο νόμος. 4. φυσικό μέγεθος που εκφράζει το έργο που… … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
ἰσχύς — ἰσχύ̱ς , ἰσχύς strength fem acc pl ἰσχύς strength fem nom sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
Ἴσχυς — Ἴσχῡς , Ἴσχυς masc/fem acc pl Ἴσχυς masc/fem nom sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἰσχύας — ἰσχύς strength fem acc pl … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἰσχύες — ἰσχύς strength fem nom/voc pl ἰσχύ̱ε̄ς , ἰσχύω to be strong pres ind act 2nd sg (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἰσχύν — ἰσχύς strength fem acc sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἰσχύος — ἰσχύς strength fem gen sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
Ἰσχύων — Ἴσχυς gen pl … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἰσχύων — ἰσχύς strength fem gen pl ἰσχύ̱ων , ἰσχύω to be strong pres part act masc nom sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
Ἴσχυε — Ἴσχυς nom/voc/acc dual … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)