χειμῶν

ἐκ-πνέω, [dialect] Ep. [suff] ἐκ-πνείω Q.S.1.349, [tense] impf. - είεσκον Id.13.148: [tense] fut. - πνεύσομαι or - οῦμαι:—

A breathe out or forth,

κεραυνὸς ἐκπνέων φλόγα A.Pr. 361

;

ἐ. ἀράς τινι E.Ph. 876

;

ἐ. θυμόν Id.Ba. 620

: abs., Emp.100.1, Pl.Phd. 112b, Arist.HA 492b6.

2

βίον ἐ.

breathe one's last, expire,

A.Ag. 1493

(lyr.), E.Hel. 142 ;

ἐ. ψυχήν Id.Or. 1163

; alone,

ὑφ' οὗ φονέως ἄρ' ἐξέπνευσας S.Aj. 1026

;

πρός τινος E.HF 886

(anap.): abs., Id.Hyps.Fr.60i38, Parth.4.6 : metaph., lose power, Gp.15.1.28; lose lustre, of pearls, PHolm.10.18.

3 lose breath, of a runner, Arist.Rh. 1409a32.

II abs., cease blowing, become calm, [ ὁ δῆμος]

ἴσως ἂν ἐκπνεύσειε E.Or. 700

; τὰ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐκπέπνευκε καὶ λελώφηκεν Sch.Ar. Pax 942.

2 blow out or outwards, of a wind,

ἔσωθεν ἐ. Hdt.7.36

;

ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου Th.2.84

, cf. 6.104 ; burst out,

σμικροῦ νέφους..ἐκπνεύσας μέγας χειμών S.Aj. 1148

; but simply, blow, of wind, Arist.Mete. 365a4, Pr. 947a31.

ἐξαίσι-ος, ον, also α, ον X.HG4.3.8:—

A beyond what is ordained or fated, opp. ἐναίσιος: hence,

1 outstepping right, lawless, ῥέξας ἐξαίσιον having done some lawless act, Od.4.690; ἦ τινά που δείσας ἐ... fearing some lawless man, 17.577;

Θέτιδος.. ἐ. ἀρήν Il.15.598

;

ἀφροσύναι B.14.58

.

2 of omens, portentous, opp. ἐναίσιος, D.C. 38.13: [comp] Sup., Id.45.17.

3 of things, extraordinary,

ἐ. τὸ θερμόν Hp.Epid.7.94

; violent, of a wind, Hdt.3.26, X.HG5.4.17; χειμών, σεισμοί, Pl.Ti. 22e, 25c;

ὄμβροι X.Oec.5.18

;

ἐ. δεῖμα A.Supp. 514

;

γέλωτες καὶ δάκρυα Pl.Lg. 732c

: ἐ. φυγή headlong flight, X.HG4.3.8;

ἐ. βρονταί Plb.18.20.7

, cf. J.BJ4.4.5;

ὑπουργία Vit.Philonid.p.5C.

;

κάλλος Ph.2.166

;

χελῶναι ἐ. τοῖς μεγέθεσιν D.S.3.21

;

ἐ. τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τὸ ὕψος Id.13.82

. Adv.

- ίως Them.Or.26.312d

.

ἐξόδ-ιος, ον,

A of or belonging to an exit, ἐ. νόμοι finale of a play, Cratin.276.

II as Subst., ἐξόδιον (sc. μέλος), τό, finale of a tragedy, Philist.42, Plu.Alex.75: metaph., catastrophe, tragical conclusion, Id.Crass.33; also

ἦν ὁ χειμὼν ἐπ' ἐξοδίοις ἤδη Jul.Or.1.26b

.

2 Lat. exodium, after-piece, Liv.7.2 (pl.), Juv.3.175, Suet. Tib.45 (pl.).

3 among the Jews, a feast to commemorate the Exodus, LXXLe.23.36, De.16.8.

4 gateway, POxy. 243.16 (i A. D., - ωδ- Pap.).

ἐπιγίγνομαι, [dialect] Ion. and later [suff] ἐπιγενν-γίνομαι [pron. full] [γῑ], [tense] fut. ἐπιγενήσομαι: [tense] aor. 2 ἐπεγενόμην: [tense] pf. ἐπιγέγονα:

ἐπιλαμβάνω,

A take or get besides,

ἐπὶ τοῖς πεντήκοντα ταλάντοις ἑκατόν Arist.Pol. 1259a28

: c. gen. partit., ἐ. τοῦ χρόνου take a little more time, M.Ant.1.17;

τῆς ἀρχῆς Paus.9.14.5

.

ἐπιπίπτω,

A fall upon or over,

ἐπέπιπτον ἀλλήλοις Th.7.84

;

ἐπί τι X.Oec.18.7

, cf. Thphr.CP5.4.5: metaph.,

ἐπέπεσε μοῖρα Pi.Pae.2.64

;

ἐπί τι Isoc.5.89

;

διαλογισμοὶ ἐπιπίπτουσί τινι Plu.Oth.9

.

ἔκπαγλ-ος, ον, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. word,

A terrible, violent:

I of persons, ὧδ' ἔ. ἐών, of Achilles, Il.21.589 ; πάντων ἐκπαγλότατ' ἀνδρῶν, also of Achilles, 1.146, 18.170 ; of other heroes, 20.389, 21.452.

2 sts. of things,

χειμὼν ἔ. Od.14.522

;

ἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν Il.15.198

, Od.8.77 ;

ἔδεισεν γὰρ ἐμὴν ἔ. ἐνιπήν 10.448

, cf. 17.216.

3 mostly Adv. - λως terribly, vehemently, exceedingly,

ἐ. ἀπόλεσσαν Il.1.268

;

κοτέοντο 2.223

; ἐθέλει οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι ib. 357 ;

μαίνεται 9.238

;

ὠδύσατ' ἐ. Od.5.340

;

ἔχθαιρε 11.437

;

ὀδύρεται 15.355

;

αἴθεται Hp.Mul.2.171

(

ἐκπατίως Erot.

) ; ἐ. πονέει ib.1.3 : neut. as Adv.,

ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο Il.13.413

, cf. Nic. Th. 448, etc. ;

οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ σ' ἔ. ἀεικιῶ Il.22.256

: neut. pl., ἔκπαγλα φιλεῖν to love beyond all measure, 3.415, 5.423 ;

ἢν ἔ. χαλεφθῇ Nic. Th. 445

.

II in later Poets the word freq. signifies merely, marvellous, wondrous,

ἀνὴρ ἔ. Pi.P.4.79

;

σθένει ἔ. Id.I.7(6).22

; ἐν πόνοις ἔ. ib.6(5).54 : not freq. in Trag., ἔ. κακόν, τέρας, A.Ag. 862, Ch. 548 ;

δείπνων ἀρρήτων ἔκπαγλ' ἄχθη S.El. 204

(lyr.). Adv.

ἔκπαγλα

marvellously,

Id.OC 716

(lyr.): in early Prose only once,

ὅπλα τὰ ἐκπαγλότατα X.Hier.11.3

; in Com., Eup.8.14D. ([comp] Sup.). (Metath. for Εκπλαγος (ἐκπλήσσω) acc. to Eust.68.18 ; perh. dissim. from Εκπλαγλος.)

ἔκτοπ-ος, ον,

A away from a place, c. gen.,

τῶνδ' ἑδράνων πάλιν ἔ. ἔκθορε S.OC 233

(lyr.); distant,

ἄρουρα Id.Tr.32

; ἔ. ἔστω let him leave the place, E.Ba. 69 (anap.).

II foreign, strange, [τέθνηκεν] αὐτὴ πρὸς αὐτῆς, οὐδενὸς πρὸς ἐκτόπου by no strange hand, S.Tr. 1132.

2 out of the way, strange, extraordinary,

δένδρον Ar.Av. 1474

(lyr.); ὁτιοῦν τῶν ἐ. Pl. Lg. 799c;

χειμών Thphr.CP6.18.12

; ἱστορία ἔ. Plu.2.977e; of persons, eccentric, Arist.Pr. 954b2. Adv. - πως extraordinarily, Id.Mir. 833a14, PPetr.3p.150, Plb.32.3.8: [comp] Comp.

- ωτέρως Arist.Metaph. 989b30

codd.

3 ἔκτοπον· ἔξοδον, Hsch.

ἰσοκρᾰτ-ής, ές,

A of equal power, possessing equal rights with others,

ἰσοκρατέες.. αἱ γυναῖκες τοῖσι ἀνδράσι Hdt.4.26

;

ἰ. καὶ ὁμότιμοι Plu.2.827b

: generally, evenly balanced,

ἡ ἰσημερία ἐστὶ χειμὼν καὶ θέρος ἰσοκρατής Arist.Pr. 942b37

; ἰ. οἶνος half-and-half, Hp.Morb.2.42 (nisi leg. ἰσοκραής)

; ἐκ τῆς ἀμφοῖν -οῦς μίξεως Gal.6.528

; ἰ. κράσεις normal temperaments, Ruf. ap. Orib.8.24.61. Adv.

-τῶς, ἀπομάχεσθαι Ph.1.198

; with even balance, Zeno Stoic.1.27, Iamb.in Nic.p.79 P.

ὀπισθο-χειμών, ῶνος, ὁ,

A afterwinter, late winter, in pl., Hp.Epid.1.4, Thphr.CP2.1.6.

ὀρνῑθ-ίας, ου, ὁ, in pl., (sc. ἄνεμοι) annual winds in spring,

A which brought the birds of passage, Hp.Epid.7.105, Democr.14, Arist.Mete. 362a23, Mu. 395a4 ;

βορέαι PHib.27.59

, cf. Gem.Calend.9, Adam.Vent.44 ( νότοι ib.45): hence in Ar.Ach. 877, χειμὼν ὀ. a tempest of birds, a fowl-wind.

II -ίας, α, ὁ, dealer in birds, Lib.Arg.D.19, Tz.H.6.56.

ὁρίζω, [dialect] Ion. [pref] οὐρ- Hdt. (v. infr.): [tense] fut.

A

ὁριῶ Arist.Cat. 5b5

, ([etym.] δι-) Isoc. 4.174 : [tense] aor.

ὥρισα S.Ant. 452

, Pl.Lg. 864e ; [dialect] Ion.

οὔρισα Hdt.3.142

: [tense] pf.

ὥρικα D.26.24

, Arist.Mete. 382a19 :—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

- ιοῦμαι Pl.Tht. 190e

, Lg. 737d: [tense] aor.

ὡρισάμην Id.Tht. 148a

, Epicr.11.18, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ὁρισθήσομαι Pl.Tht. 158d

: [tense] aor.

ὡρίσθην Id.Chrm. 171a

: [tense] pf.

ὥρισμαι Th.1.71

, Pl.Smp. 182a, etc.; but in med. sense, E.Hec. 801, D.31.5 : ([etym.] ὅρος):— divide or separate from, as a border or boundary, c.acc. et dat.,

ὁ Νεῖλος ὁ τὴν Ἀσίην οὐρίζων τῇ Λιβύῃ Hdt.2.16

: c. acc. et gen., S.Ph. 636 :—[voice] Pass.,

θύρᾳ βαλανωτῇ ὡρισμένην ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνδρωνίτιδος X.Oec. 9.5

; or

b with two accs. joined by καί, separate,

[λίμνη] οὐρίζει τήν τε Σκυθικὴν καὶ τὴν Νευρίδα γῆν Hdt.4.51

, cf. 56,7.123, Arist.HA 501b16, OGI335.112 (Pergam., ii B. C.), Lyc.1289, etc.;

ἐὰν.. κύκλος.. ὁρίζῃ τό τε ἀφανὲς καὶ τὸ φανερὸν ἡμισφαίριον Autol.Sph.4

: hence

ὁρίζων κύκλος Id.1.1

; v. ὁρίζων.

c delimit,

χρὴ τὸν νόμον ὁρίζειν πειρᾶσθαι κατὰ μέρη Pl.Lg. 944a

.

2 bound,

τὴν ἀρχὴν ὥριζεν αὐτῷ ἡ Ἐρυθρὰ θάλαττα X.Cyr.8.6.21

;

τὰ δὲ πρὸς Τριβαλλοὺς.. Τρῆρες ὥριζον Th.2.96

; of a line (or surface) as limiting a surface (or solid), Arist. Metaph. 1017b17:—[voice] Pass.,

Εὔβοια.. ὅροις ὑγροῖσιν ὡρισμένη E. Ion 295

: metaph., ὡρίσθω μέχρι τοῦδε so far let it go and no further, Th.1.71.

3 pass between or through,

διδύμους πέτρας E.Med. 433

(lyr.).

4 part, divide,

χειμὼν ἄλλοσ' ἄλλον ὥρισεν Id.Hel. 128

; ὁ. τινὰ ἀπὸ.. banish one from.., Id.Hec. 941 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., ματρὸς ἐκ χερῶν ὁ. depart from.., Id. Ion 1459(lyr.), but very dub. in Ar.Ec. 202; cf. ἐξορίζω (A) 11, 111.

II mark out by boundaries, mark out,

βωμὸν ἱδρύσατο καὶ τέμενος περὶ αὐτὸν οὔρισε Hdt.3.142

, cf. 6.108, S.Tr. 754, E.Hel. 1670, IG12.76.54, 42(1).76.19 ([voice] Pass., Epid., ii B.C.), etc.; v. infr. IV. 1: metaph., ὁ. τι ἔς τι limit one thing according to another, Th.3.82.

2 trace out as a boundary, πόρον (of 10 tracing out the Bosporus), A.Supp. 546 (lyr.).

III ordain, determine, lay down, αἶσα τόνδε σοὐρίζει (i.e. σοι ὁρίζει)

μόρον Id.Ch. 927

( σοι πορίζει M1, σ' ὁ. M2) ;

ἡμῖν ὥρισεν σωτηρίαν E.IT 979

;

ἐς τήνδε παῖδα ψῆφον ὥρισαν φόνου Id.Hec. 259

;

ἡ Δίκη.. ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ὥρισεν νόμους S.Ant. 452

;

[τὸν χρόνον] ὁ νόμος ὁ. Pl.Lg. 864e

;

ἀριθμὸς ὁ ὁρίζων τὸ πολὺ καὶ τὸ ὀλίγον X.An.7.7.36

;

τὸ δοῦλον γένος πρὸς τὴν ἐλάσσω μοῖραν ὥρισεν θεός E.Fr. 218

;

ὁρίσατέ μοι μέχρι πόσων ἐτῶν δεῖ νομίζειν νέους X.Mem.1.2.35

: c. inf.,

ἄνακτες ὥρισαν.. θανεῖν ἐμὴν δέσποιναν οὐ ψήφῳ μιᾷ E. Ion 1222

, cf. S.Fr.24 ; ὁ. τινὰ θεόν determine one to be a god, deify, AP12.158.7 (Mel.) ;

ὁ. θάνατον εἶναι τὴν ζημίαν Lycurg.65

, cf. Din.1.61 ([voice] Med.) ;

θάνατον ὡρικέναι τὴν ζημίαν D.26.24

:—[voice] Pass.,

ὧραι ἑκάστοις εἰσὶν ὡρισμέναι Arist.HA 542a19

, etc.; ἐπί τισι ὡρισμένοις on certain definite terms (cf. ῥητός), Id.Pol. 1285b22 ; ἀρχαὶ ἀριθμῷ ὡρισμέναι limited, definite, opp. ἄπειροι, Id.Metaph. 1002b18 ;

τόποι ὡ. Id.Cael. 273

a14 ;

τὸ ὡρισμένον Id.Mete. 369b29

.

2 define a thing, Pl.Chrm. 171a ([voice] Pass.), X.Mem.4.6.4, al.: more freq. in [voice] Med. than [voice] Act., v. infr. IV. 3.

IV [voice] Med., mark out for oneself, τίνα ὅρον ὁρίζῃ what criterion do you assign, Pl.Grg. 470b ; στήλας ὁ. set up stones as boundary marks, X.An.7.5.13 ;

ὁ. χθόνα

take possession of, take to oneself,

A. Supp. 256

;

γαῖα.. ἣν Πέλοψ ὁρίζεται E.Fr. 696

;

ὁ. ἑαυτῷ μέρος τῆς οὐσίας Lys.17.6

: with inf. added,

ἱερὸν ὡρίσαντ' ἔχειν E.IT 969

;

ὁρίζεσθαι βωμούς

set up,

S.Tr. 237

(just like ὁρίζειν ib. 754) ; v. ὕπαστρος.

2 determine for oneself, get or have a thing determined,

ἃ ὡρίσω σὺ δίκαια D.19.241

, cf. v.l. in Lys.2.19 : c. acc. et inf., αὐτὸν πολεμεῖν ὁρίζομαι I lay it down that.., D.9.19 ; τί ποτ' ἄρ' ὡρίσαντο καὶ τίνος γένους εἶναι τὸ φυτόν; Epicr.11.18.

3 define a thing,

τὴν ἡδονὴν ἀγαθὸν ὁ. Pl.R. 505c

, cf.Sph. 246b ;

ὁ. τὰς ἀρετὰς ἀπαθείας τινάς Arist.EN 1104b24

, al. ;

ἡδονῇ τε καὶ ἀγαθῷ ὁ. τὸ καλόν Pl.Grg. 475a

;

τὸ ζῆν ὁ. δυνάμει αἰσθήσεως Arist.EN 1170a16

, al.: c. acc. et inf.,

ὁ. δικαίους εἶναι τοὺς εἰδότας κτλ. X.Mem.4.6.6

, cf. Pl.Tht. 190e, etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be defined,

[ἡ αἰδὼς] ὁρίζεται φόβος τις ἀδοξίας Arist.EN 1128b11

; οἷς αἱ φιλίαι ὁρίζονται ib. 1166a2 ;

τὸ ὁριζόμενον Id.Top. 141b24

, al.

V intr., border upon,

πλὴν ὅσον αὐτῆς πρὸς τὴν Ἀσίην οὐρίζει Hdt.4.42

.

VI as [dialect] Att. law-term, δισχιλίων ὡρισμένος τὴν οἰκίαν having the house marked with ὅροι (cf. ὅρος II) to secure a claim on it for 2, 000 drachmas, D.31.5 ; so

χωρίον ὡρισμένον Poll.9.9

.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `spring' (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).

Other forms: also ἦρος, ἦρι (Att., also Ion. and Alc.) with new nom. ἦρ (Alcm.)

Compounds: As 1. member in ἐαρί-δρεπτος `picked in spring' (Pi.), ἐαρο-τρεφής (Mosch.) etc.

Derivatives: ἐαρινός (also εἰ-, ἠ- like εἴαρος through metrical lengthening), poet. also ἠρινός `belonging to the spring' (Il.); idem ἐάρτερος (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting - τερος, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb ἐαρίζω `bloom as in spring etc.' (Pl.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] *u̯es-r̥ `spring'

Etymology: From γέαρ ἔαρ H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to Ϝέαρ, from *Ϝέσαρ, an old r-n-stem: Av. loc. vaŋri \< * vasr-i `in spring', Arm. gar-un `spring', Lith. vasar-à `summer'; OCS etc. vesn-a `spring', Skt. vasan-tá- `id.' (cf. heman-tá- `winter', s. χειμών). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE *u̯es-r-, *u̯es-n- Lat. vēr, ONord. vār n. (o-stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. *u̯ēr- was changed after the wordt for `year', IE *i̯ēr- (s. ὥρα). - With ἐαρινός cf. Lith. vasarìnis `of the summer' and Lat. vernus (like hibernus, hornus).

Page in Frisk: 1,432-433

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `spring' (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).

Other forms: also ἦρος, ἦρι (Att., also Ion. and Alc.) with new nom. ἦρ (Alcm.)

Compounds: As 1. member in ἐαρί-δρεπτος `picked in spring' (Pi.), ἐαρο-τρεφής (Mosch.) etc.

Derivatives: ἐαρινός (also εἰ-, ἠ- like εἴαρος through metrical lengthening), poet. also ἠρινός `belonging to the spring' (Il.); idem ἐάρτερος (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting - τερος, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb ἐαρίζω `bloom as in spring etc.' (Pl.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] *u̯es-r̥ `spring'

Etymology: From γέαρ ἔαρ H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to Ϝέαρ, from *Ϝέσαρ, an old r-n-stem: Av. loc. vaŋri \< * vasr-i `in spring', Arm. gar-un `spring', Lith. vasar-à `summer'; OCS etc. vesn-a `spring', Skt. vasan-tá- `id.' (cf. heman-tá- `winter', s. χειμών). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE *u̯es-r-, *u̯es-n- Lat. vēr, ONord. vār n. (o-stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. *u̯ēr- was changed after the wordt for `year', IE *i̯ēr- (s. ὥρα). - With ἐαρινός cf. Lith. vasarìnis `of the summer' and Lat. vernus (like hibernus, hornus).

Page in Frisk: 1,432-433

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `bird' (Ν 64).

Compounds: A few late compp., e.g. ὀρνεο-θηρευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Ath.). -- Often as 1. member, e.g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας m. `bird-catcher' (Ar., Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 93 a. 99), ὀρνιχο-λόχος m. `id.' (Pi.). Also as 2. member, e.g. δύσ-ορνις `with bad auspices' (A., E., Plu.), πολυ-όρνιθος `rich of birds' (E.).

Derivatives: Besides ο῎ρνῑ̆ς, -ῑθος etc. (Il.), acc. sg. also - ιν, pl. also - εις, -ῑς (trag., D.), Dor. -ῑχος etc. (Pi., Alcm., B., Theoc., Cyrene), dat. pl. - ίχεσσι and - ιξι, to which nom. sg. - ιξ, gen. pl. - ίκων (hell. pap.) m. f. `(augural) bird', young-Att. esp. `hen, cock' (Wackernagel Unt. 165 w. n.1). - From it ὀρνε-ώδης `bird-like' (Plu.), - ώτης m. `bird-catcher' (Poll.), - ακός `avian' (Tz.), - άζομαι `to twitter' (Aq.), `to hold one's head up high' ("watching the birds", Com. Adesp.). Several derivv.: 1. Dimin. ὀρνίθ-ιον (IA.), - άριον (com., Arist.), also ὀρν-ύφιον (from ὄρνεον?; Thphr., Dsc.). Further subst. 2. - ᾶς, -ᾶ m. `poulterer' (pap. II--VI^p; Schwyzer 461 w. lit.); 3. - ίαι m. pl. "bird-winds", which bring migratory birds (Ion., Arist.), χειμὼν -ίας (Ar.); cf. ἐτησίαι a.o. (Chantraine Form. 95); - ίας m. `bird-fancier' (Lib.); - ίων m. PN (Att.); 4. - ών, - ῶνος m. `henhouse' (inscr., pap.); 5. - ία f. `poisoning by bird dung' ( Hippiatr.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44). Adj. 6. - ειος `of a bird, of a chicken' (Att.); 7. - ικός `belonging to birds, hens' (Luc.); 8. τὰ -ιακά name of a work on birds by D. P. (on the formation Schwyzer 497 w. lit.); 9. - ώδης `bird-like' (Arist.). Verbs 10. - εύω `to catch birds' (X.), - εύομαι `to watch the birds, auspicari' (D.H.) with - εία f. `auspicium' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `bird-catcher' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 62), - ευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Pl.); 11. - όομαι `to be changed into a bird' (Philoch.); 12. - ιάζω `to speak the language of birds' (sch. Ar. Av.). -- Further ὄρν-ιος = ὀρνίθ-ειος (AP), ὀρν-ίζω `to twitter' (Aq., uncertain; cf. ὀρνεάζομαι ab.). -- On itself stands ὀρναπέτιον n. (Boeot., Ar. Ach. 913; hypocor.-contempting) with unclear α; cf. further κινώπετον, ἑρπετόν a.o., also Bechtel Dial. 1, 308. -- On the diff. formations s. Robert Mél. Niedermann (Neuchâtel 1944) 67ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [315] * h₂or-en-? (or * h₃er-en-) `bird'

Etymology: Both ὄρν-εον and ὄρν-ῑ-ς go back on a ν-stem (in ὄρν-εον enlarged with a prob. genderindicating ε(ι)ο-suffix ( τὰ ὄρνεα older than τὸ ὄρνεον? Chantraine Form. 62; cf. Risch $ 49 a); diff. Wackernagel Unt. 165 n. 1 (stem -neu̯o-). The more usual ὄρν-ῑ-ς is an orig. feminine ῑ-deriv. (cf. Schwyzer 465 a. 573), to which analogic. or popular θ- resp. χ-suffixes were added (Schw. 510 u. 496, Chantraine Form. 366 a. 377; but s. below). The for Greek to be assumed n-stem is found back in Germ. and Hitt. word for `eagle', e.g. Goth. ara (gen. * arin-s), OWNo. are and ǫrn (\< * arn-u- with u-flexion), OE earn etc., Hitt. ḫara-š, gen. ḫaran-aš, IE * or-(e\/ o-)n-. With this interchanges an l-stem in Balto-Slavic, z.B. Lith. erẽl-is, arẽl-is, OCS orьl-ъ, Russ. orël `eagle'. Further forms, also from Armen. and Celt., in WP. 1, 135, Pok. 325f., Fraenkels. erẽlis, Vasmer s. orël; w. rich lit.; older lit. also in Bq. - The suffixes -ῑθ-, -ῑχ- may be Pre-Greek.

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εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans³-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.² 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.

① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).

② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.

ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.

ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.

ⓒ in explanations:

α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.

β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.

③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, be

ⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.

ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.

ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.

ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).

④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.

⑤ to be the time at which someth. takes place w. indications of specific moments or occasions, be (X., Hell. 4, 5, 1, An. 4, 3, 8; Sus 13 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:49; 2 Macc 8:26; Jos., Ant. 6, 235 νουμηνία δʼ ἦν; 11, 251): ἦν ὥρα ἕκτη it was the sixth hour (=noon acc. to Jewish reckoning) Lk 23:44; J 4:6; 19:14.—Mk 15:25; J 1:39. ἦν ἑσπέρα ἤδη it was already evening Ac 4:3. πρωί̈ J 18:28. ἦν παρασκευή Mk 15:42. ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων J 5:1. σάββατόν ἐστιν vs. 10 et al. Short clauses (as Polyaenus 4, 9, 2 νὺξ ἦν; 7, 44, 2 πόλεμος ἦν; exc. 36, 8 ἦν ἀρίστου ὥρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 248 ἔτι δὲ νὺξ ἦν) χειμὼν ἦν J 10:22; ἦν δὲ νύξ (sim. Jos., Bell. 4, 64) 13:30; ψύχος it was cold 18:18; καύσων ἔσται it will be hot Lk 12:55.

⑥ to take place as a phenomenon or event, take place, occur, become, be, be in (Hom., Thu. et al.; LXX; En 104:5; 106:6.—Cp. Just., D. 82, 2 of Christ’s predictions ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι ‘which is in fact the case’.) ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ a popular uprising Mk 14:2. γογγυσμὸς ἦν there was (much) muttering J 7:12. σχίσμα there was a division 9:16; 1 Cor 1:10; 12:25. ἔριδες … εἰσίν quarrels are going on 1:11. δεῖ αἱρέσεις εἶναι 11:19. θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος ἔσται Rv 21:4. ἔσονται λιμοὶ κ. σεισμοί Mt 24:7. Hence τὸ ἐσόμενον what was going to happen (Sir 48:25) Lk 22:49. πότε ταῦτα ἔσται; when will this happen? Mt 24:3. πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; how can this be? Lk 1:34. Hebraistically (הָיָה; s. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 63–65) καὶ ἔσται w. fut. of another verb foll. and it will come about that Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 3:23 (w. δέ); Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).—W. dat. ἐστί τινι happen, be granted, come, to someone (X., An. 2, 1, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 255; Just., D. 8, 4 σοὶ … ἔλεος ἔσται παρὰ θεοῦ) Mt 16:22; Mk 11:24; Lk 2:10; GJs 1:1; 4:3; 8:3; τί ἐστίν σοι τοῦτο, ὅτι what is the matter with you, that GJs 17:2.—Of becoming or turning into someth. become someth. εἰς χολὴν πικρίας εἶναι become bitter gall Ac 8:23. εἰς σάρκα μίαν Mt 19:5; Mk 10:8; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (all Gen 2:24. Cp. Syntipas p. 42, 24 οὐκ ἔτι ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα); τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείας Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); εἰς πατέρα 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5 (2 Km 7:14; 1 Ch 22:10; 28:6); εἰς τὸ ἕν 1J 5:8.— Serve as someth. (IPriene 50, 39 [c. II B.C.] εἶναι εἰς φυλακὴν τ. πόλεως; Aesop., Fab. 28 H.=18 P.; 26 Ch.; 18 H-H. εἰς ὠφέλειαν; Gen 9:13; s. also εἰς 4d) 1 Cor 14:22; Col 2:22; Js 5:3.—Of something being ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται it will be more tolerable τινί for someone Lk 10:12, 14.

⑦ to exist as possibility ἔστιν w. inf. foll. it is possible, one can (Περὶ ὕψους 6; Diog. L. 1, 110 ἔστιν εὑρεῖν=one can find; Just., A I, 59, 10 ἔστι ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι καὶ μαθεῖν; D. 42, 3 ἰδεῖν al.; Mel., P. 19, 127); neg. οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν it is not possible to speak at this time Hb 9:5. οὐκ ἔστιν φαγεῖν it is impossible to eat 1 Cor 11:20 (so Hom. et al.; UPZ 70, 23 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πώποτε … ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης; 4 Macc 13:5; Wsd 5:10; Sir 14:16; 18:6; EpJer 49 al.; EpArist 163; Jos., Ant. 2, 335; Ath. 22, 3 ἔστιν εἰπεῖν).

⑧ to have a point of derivation or origin, be,/come from somewhere ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου from Herod’s jurisdiction Lk 23:7; ἐκ Ναζαρέτ (as an insignificant place) J 1:46; ἐκ τῆς γῆς 3:31; ἐκ γυναικός 1 Cor 11:8 al. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων be of heavenly (divine), human descent Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30; Lk 20:4. Be generated by (cp. Sb 8141, 21f [ins I B.C.] οὐδʼ ἐκ βροτοῦ ἤεν ἄνακτος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλου ἔκγονος; En 106:6) Mt 1:20. Esp. in Johannine usage ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου εἶναι originate from the devil J 8:44; 1J 3:8. ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 3:12; ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19; 17:14, 16; 1J 4:5. ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι 2:21; J 18:37 etc. Cp. 9 end.

⑨ to belong to someone or someth. through association or genetic affiliation, be, belong w. simple gen. (X., Hell. 2, 4, 36; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 230 τῶν Πυθαγορείων) οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντες those who belong to the Way Ac 9:2. εἰμὶ Παύλου I belong to Paul 1 Cor 1:12; 3:4; cp. Ro 8:9; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Ti 1:20; Ac 23:6. ἡμέρας εἶναι belong to the day 1 Th 5:8, cp. vs. 5. W. ἔκ τινος 1 Cor 12:15f; Mt 26:73; Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58 al. (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 17; oft LXX). ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα belong to the twelve 22:3. ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν who is a fellow-countryman of yours Col 4:9.—To belong through origin 2 Cor 4:7. Of Mary: ἦν τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Δαυίδ was of David’s line GJs 10:1. Cp. 8 above.

⑩ to have someth. to do with someth. or someone, be. To denote a close relationship ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἶναι rely on legal performance Gal 3:10. ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως the law has nothing to do with faith vs. 12.—To denote a possessor Mt 5:3, 10; l9:14; Mk 12:7; Lk 18:16; 1 Cor 6:19. Esp. of God who owns the Christian Ac 27:23; 1 Cor 3:23; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5). οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15 (cp. Just., A II, 13, 4 ὅσα … καλῶς εἴρηται, ἡμῶν τῶν χριστιανῶν ἐστι).—W. possess. pron. ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία Lk 6:20. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι Mk 10:40 (cp. Just., A I, 4, 2 ὑμέτερον ἀγωνιᾶσαί ἐστι ‘it is a matter for your concern’).—To denote function (X., An. 2, 1, 4) οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν it is no concern of yours Ac 1:7—Of quality παιδεία οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι discipline does not seem to be (partake of) joy Hb 12:11.—10:39.

⑪ as an auxiliary: very commonly the simple tense forms are replaced by the periphrasis εἶναι and the ptc. (B-D-F §352–55; Mlt. 225–27, 249; Mlt-H. 451f; Rdm.² 102, 105, 205; Kühner-G. I 38ff; Rob. 374–76, 1119f; CTurner, Marcan Usage: JTS 28, 1927 349–51; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 7f; very oft. LXX).

ⓐ (as in Hom et al.) w. the pf. ptc. to express the pf., plpf. and fut. pf. act. and pass. (s. Mayser 329; 377) ἦσαν ἐληλυθότες they had come Lk 5:17. ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη their hearts were hardened Mk 6:52. ἠλπικότες ἐσμέν we have set our hope 1 Cor 15:19. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν the time has become short 7:29. ἦν ἑστώς (En 12:3) he was standing (more exactly he took his stand) Lk 5:1.

ⓑ w. pres. ptc. (B-D-F §353).

α. to express the pres. ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα supplies the wants 2 Cor 9:12 (Just., A I, 26, 5 Μαρκίων … καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων; Mel., P. 61, 441 ἐστὶν … κηρυσσόμενον).

β. impf. or aor. ἦν καθεύδων he was sleeping Mk 4:38. ἦσαν ἀναβαίνοντες … ἦν προάγων 10:32; cp. Lk 1:22; 5:17; 11:14 al. (JosAs 1:3 ἦν συνάγων τὸν σίτον; Mel., P. 80, 580 ἦσθα εὐφραινόμενος). ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀλήθινόν … ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον the true light entered the world J 1:9, w. ἦν introducing a statement in dramatic contrast to the initial phrase of vs. 8.—To denote age (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 2 al. Jac.; POxy 275, 9 [66 A.D.] οὐδέπω ὄντα τῶν ἐτῶν; Tob 14:11) Mk 5:42; Lk 3:23; Ac 4:22; GJs 12:3.—Mussies 304–6.

γ. fut. ἔσῃ σιωπῶν you will be silent Lk 1:20; cp. 5:10; Mt 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17, 24 al.; 2 Cl 17:7 Bihlm. (the child) shall serve him (God).

ⓒ w. aor. ptc. as plpf. (Aelian, NA 7, 11; Hippiatr. 34, 14, vol. I p. 185, 3 ἦν σκευάσας; ISyriaW 2070b ἦν κτίσας; AcThom 16; 27 [Aa II/2 p. 123, 2f; p. 142, 10]; B-D-F §355 m.—JVogeser, Z. Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 14; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopleustes, diss. Munich 1913, 20; SPsaltes, Gramm. d. byzant. Chroniken 1913, 230; Björck [διδάσκω end] 75; B-D-F §355). ἦν βληθείς had been thrown Lk 23:19; J 18:30 v.l.—GPt 6:23; 12:51. (Cp. Just., A II, 10, 2 διʼ εὑρέσεως … ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς ‘they achieved through investigation’).

ⓓ Notice esp. the impersonals δέον ἐστίν it is necessary (Pla. et al.; POxy 727, 19; Sir praef. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11 δέον ἐστὶν καὶ πρέπον) Ac 19:36; εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. δεῖ 2a); 1 Cl 34:2; πρέπον ἐστίν it is appropriate (Pla. et al.; POxy 120, 24; 3 Macc 7:13) Mt 3:15; 1 Cor 11:13.

ⓔ In many cases the usage w. the ptc. serves to emphasize the duration of an action or condition (BGU 183, 25 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον ζῶσα ᾖ Σαταβούς); JosAs 2:1 ἦν … ἐξουθενοῦσα καὶ καταπτύουσα πάντα ἄνδρα). ἦν διδάσκων he customarily taught Mk 1:22; Lk 4:31; 19:47. ἦν θέλων he cherished the wish 23:8. ἦσαν νηστεύοντες they were keeping the fast Mk 2:18. ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες they were conversing for a while 9:4. ἦν προσδεχόμενος he was waiting for (the kgdm.) 15:43. ἦν συγκύπτουσα she was bent over Lk 13:11.

ⓕ to emphasize the adjectival idea inherent in the ptc. rather than the concept of action expressed by the finite verb ζῶν εἰμι I am alive Rv 1:18. ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος he was obedient Lk 2:51. ἦν ἔχων κτήματα πολλά he was very rich Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων you shall have authority Lk 19:17 (Lucian, Tim. 35 ἴσθι εὐδαιμονῶν). ἦν καταλλάσσων (God) was reconciling 2 Cor 5:19 (cp. Mel., P. 83, 622 οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενός σε; Ath. 15, 2 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ … καρπούμενος).—LMcGaughy, Toward a Descriptive Analysis of ΕΙΝΑΙ as a Linking Verb in the Gk. NT, diss. Vanderbilt, ’70 (s. esp. critique of treatment of εἰμί in previous edd. of this lexicon pp. 12–15).—Mlt. 228. B. 635. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

εὐδία, ας, ἡ (εὔδιος ‘calm, clear’ [the early gen. of Ζεύς is Διός])

① fair weather (X., Pla. et al.; Plut., Mor. 8c; POxy 1223, 12; Sir 3:15; Philo, Gig. 51) Mt 16:2.

② oft. in imagery, to represent peace and rest (opp. χειμών: Pind., al.; X., An. 5, 8, 20; Epict. 2, 18, 30), then in the mng. tranquillity, peace (Herodas 1, 28; OGI 90, 11 [196 B.C.] τ. Αἴγυπτον εἰς εὐδίαν ἀγαγεῖν; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 69; Jos., Ant. 14, 157) ISm 11:3.—DELG. M-M. Spicq.

παρέρχομαι mid. dep.; fut. παρελεύσομαι; 2 aor. παρῆλθον, impv. in H. Gk. παρελθάτω Mt 26:39 (also v.l.-ετω; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 209); pf. παρελήλυθα (Hom.+).

① to go past a reference point, go by, pass by w. acc. someone or someth. (Aelian, VH 2, 35; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 15) an animal Hv 4, 1, 9; 4, 2, 1; a place Papias (3, 3). Of Jesus and his disciples on the lake: ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς Mk 6:48 (s. HWindisch, NThT 9, 1920, 298–308; GEysinga, ibid. 15, 1926, 221–29 al.; Lohmeyer s.v. παράγω 3; BvanIersel, in The Four Gospels, Neirynck Festschr., ed. FvanSegbroeck et al. ’92, II 1065–76). διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐκείνης pass by along that road Mt 8:28 (constr. w. διά as PAmh 154, 2; Num 20:17; Josh 24:17). παρὰ τὴν λίμνην GEb 34, 60. Abs. (X., An. 2, 4, 25) Lk 18:37; 1 Cl 14:5 (Ps 36:36). Of someth. impers. get by unnoticed, escape notice (Theognis 419; Sir 42:20) Hs 8, 2, 5ab.

② of time: to be no longer available for someth., pass (Soph., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 29:8 cod. A; Tat. 26, 1 πῶς γὰρ δύναται παρελθεῖν ὁ μέλλων, εἰ ἔστιν ὁ ἐνεστώς;) ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν the time is already past Mt 14:15. Of a definite period of time (SSol 2:11 ὁ χειμὼν π.; Jos., Ant. 15, 408) διὰ τὸ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι because the fast was already over Ac 27:9. ὁ παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος the time that is past 1 Pt 4:3 (cp. Isocr. 4, 167 χρόνος … ἱκανὸς γὰρ ὁ παρεληλυθώς, ἐν ᾧ τί τῶν δεινῶν οὐ γέγονεν; PMagd 25, 3 παρεληλυθότος τοῦ χρόνου). τὰ παρεληλυθότα (beside τὰ ἐνεστῶτα and τὰ μέλλοντα; cp. Herm. Wr. 424, 10ff Sc.; Demosth. 4, 2; Jos., Ant. 10, 210) things past, the past (Demosth. 18, 191; Sir 42:19; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 334, Leg. All. 2, 42) B 1:7; B 5:3.—ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη Mt 24:34 belongs here, if γ. is understood temporally.

③ to come to an end and so no longer be there, pass away, disappear (Demosth. 18, 188 κίνδυνον παρελθεῖν; Theocr. 27, 8; Ps 89:6; Wsd 2:4; 5:9; Da 7:14 Theod.; TestJob 33:4 ὁ κόσμος ὅλος παρελεύσεται) of pers. ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται Js 1:10. ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ Mt 5:18a; 24:35a; Mk 13:31a; Lk 16:17; 21:33a; cp. 2 Pt 3:10; Rv 21:1 t.r. ὁ κόσμος οὗτος D 10:6 (cp. TestJob 33:4). ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη Mt 24:34 (but s. 2); Mk 13:30; Lk 21:32. αἱ γενεαὶ πᾶσαι 1 Cl 50:3. ἡ ὀργή vs. 4 (Is 26:20). τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν 2 Cor 5:17.— Pass away in the sense lose force, become invalid (Ps 148:6; Esth 10:3b τῶν λόγων τούτων• οὐδὲ παρῆλθεν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν λόγος) οἱ λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσιν (or οὐ [μὴ] παρελεύσονται) Mt 24:35b; Mk 13:31b; Lk 21:33b. ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου Mt 5:18b. οὐδὲν μὴ παρέλθῃ τῶν δεδογματισμένων ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 27:5.

④ to ignore someth. in the interest of other matters, pass by, transgress, neglect, disobey τὶ someth. (Hes., Theog. 613; Lysias 6, 52 τὸν νόμον; Demosth. 37, 37; Dionys. Hal. 1, 58; Dt 17:2; Jer 41:18; Jdth 11:10; 1 Macc 2:22; ApcEsdr 5:17 τὴν διαθήκην μου; Jos., Ant. 14, 67) Lk 11:42; 15:29.

⑤ to pass by without touching, pass of suffering or misfortune (Jos., Ant. 5, 31 fire) ἀπό τινος from someone (for the constr. w. ἀπό cp. 2 Ch 9:2) Mt 26:39; Mk 14:35. Abs. Mt 26:42.

⑥ to pass through an area, go through (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 68 §288 ὁ Ἀντώνιος μόλις παρῆλθεν=Antony made his way through [to the Forum] with difficulty; 1 Macc 5:48 διελεύσομαι εἰς τὴν γῆν σου, τοῦ ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἡμῶν• καὶ οὐδεὶς κακοποιήσει ὑμᾶς, πλὴν τοῖς ποσὶν παρελευσόμεθα) παρελθόντες τὴν Μυσίαν κατέβησαν εἰς Τρῳάδα Ac 16:8 (lack of knowledge of this mng., and recognition of the fact that passing by is impossible in this case, gave rise to the v.l. διελθόντες D); cp. 17:15 D.

⑦ to stop at a place as one comes by, come to, come by, come here (Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist 176; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 347, Ant. 1, 337) παρελθὼν διακονήσει αὐτοῖς he will come by and serve them Lk 12:37; ‘παρελθὼν ἀνάπεσε’=‘come here, recline’ 17:7; of Lysias who came with a substantial force Ac 24:6[7] v.l.—M-M. TW.

παύω (Hom.+) fut. 1 sg. παύσω (JosAs 28:5), 2 sg. παύσεις (Is 58:12), 3 sg. παύσει (Job 6:26); 1 aor. ἔπαυσα, impv. 2 sing. παῦσον (GrBar 1:6; ApcSed 12:1), 3 sing. παυσάτω. Mid.: impf. ἐπαυόμην; fut. παύσομαι; 1 aor. ἐπαυσάμην, impv. παῦσαι; pf. πέπαυμαι; plpf. ἐπεπαύμην (Just., D. 66, 1). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. παυθήσεται (Just., A I, 52, 8); 2 aor. inf. παῆναι (Hv 1, 3, 3; 3, 9, 1.—Reinhold p. 78; StBPsaltes, Grammatik 225; B-D-F §76, 1; 78; W-S. §13, 9).

① to cause someth. to stop or keep someth. from happening, stop, cause to stop, quiet, relieve, act. (JosAs 28:5 τὴν ὀργήν; Jos., Ant. 20, 117 στάσιν, Vi. 173; Just., D. 11, 2 νόμον) τὶ ἀπό τινος hinder, keep someth. from someth. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἀπὸ κακοῦ keep the tongue from evil 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:3 (both Ps 33:14). Relieve, cure (SIG 1168, 72) τί τινι someth. with someth. τοὺς παροξυσμοὺς ἐμβροχαῖς IPol 2:1.

② to cease doing someth., stop (oneself), cease, mid. (on the syntax s. DHesseling, ByzZ 20, 1911, 147ff) w. pres. act. ptc. foll. (Hom.+), or pres. pass. ptc. (Ath. 1, 3 al.) ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν (Gen 18:33; Num 16:31; Judg 15:17 B) he stopped speaking Lk 5:4. μετʼ ἐμοῦ λαλοῦσα Hv 3, 10, 1. ἐπαυσάμην ἐρωτῶν I stopped asking v 3, 8, 1; cp. v 3, 1, 6. π. τύπτων τινά stop beating someone Ac 21:32. ἀναβαίνων Hs 9, 4, 4a.—οὐ π. foll. by pres. act. ptc. not to stop doing someth., do someth. without ceasing (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 2; Herodian 1, 6, 2; Philostrat., V.S. 2, 1, 6 οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο μισοῦντες; Jos., Ant. 9, 255) διδάσκων Ac 5:42. λαλῶν 6:13. διαστρέφων 13:10. νουθετῶν 20:31. εὐχαριστῶν Eph 1:16. Followed by the pres. mid. ptc. (cp. Himerius, Or. 74 [=Or. 24], 5 μὴ παύονται ἐργαζόμενοι) προσευχόμενος Col 1:9. αἰτούμενος Hv 3, 3, 2. Foll. by pres. pass. ptc. (Antiphon Or. 5, 50; Pla., Rep. 9, 583d), in ref. to αἱ θυσίαι: ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι; otherwise would they not have ceased to be offered? Hb 10:2.—W. gen. of thing (Hom. et al.; Ex 32:12; TestSim 3:6; Philo, Dec. 97; Jos., Ant. 7, 144; Just., A II, 2, 7) cease from, have done with someth. τῶν ἀρχαίων ὑποδειγμάτων leave the old examples, i.e. mention no more 1 Cl 5:1. πέπαυται ἁμαρτίας he is through with sin 1 Pt 4:1. W. gen. of the inf. (ApcEsdr 4:1; Jos., Ant. 3, 218; Just., D. 56, 2; Ath. 24, 2) π. τοῦ θύειν GEb 54, 20. π. ἀπό τινος cease from, leave (Ps 36:8) ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:16). ἀπὸ τῆς πονηρίας Hv 3, 9, 1. π. ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἡ ὀργή the wrath will cease from you GEb 54, 20 (ParJer 7:28 οὐκ ἐπαύσατο ἡ λύπη ἀφʼ ἡμῶν).—Abs. stop, cease, have finished, be at an end (Hom. et al.; EpArist 293; SibOr 5, 458; Just., D. 51, 1; 52, 3; Ath. 19, 1) of Jesus at prayer ὡς ἐπαύσατο when he stopped Lk 11:1. ἐπαύσαντο οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες μικρόν the builders stopped for a little while Hs 9, 4, 4b. οὐ παύσεται ὁ ζητῶν, ἕως ἂν εὕρῃ (for the constr. cp. Sir 23:17) the one who seeks will not give up until he has found GHb 70, 17; cp. Ox 654, 6 (GTh 2). Of the raging wind and waves ἐπαύσαντο they stopped Lk 8:24 (cp. Od. 12, 168; Hdt. 7, 193; Arrian, Ind. 22, 1 ὁ ἄνεμος ἐπαύσατο; TestNapht 6:9 ἐπαύσατο ὁ χειμών). Of an uproar Ac 20:1 (cp. IAndrosIsis, Kyme 26 φόνου); GJs 25:1 (pap, s. entry καταπαύω). Of speaking in tongues, which will come to an end 1 Cor 13:8. Also of time elapse, come to an end (Herodian 1, 16, 2; PGrenf II, 69, 21 τῆς πεπαυμένης τριετηρίδος) τῆς ἑορτῆς παυσαμένης since the festival was over GPt 14:58. μετὰ τὸ παῆναι αὐτῆς τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα after these words of hers had come to an end Hv 1, 3, 3.—B. 981. M-M.

σεισμός, οῦ, ὁ (σείω; Eur. et al. in var. senses) a violent shaking or commotion, shock, agitation, in our lit. only of natural phenomena, w. the specific type qualified by context

ⓐ most commonly earthquake (Soph., Hdt.+; Diod S 25, 19 ed. Dindorf p. 351, ln. 17 σεισμὸς ἐγένετο δεινός, ὡς ὄρη διαστῆναι; SIG 505; 1116, 6; LXX; TestSol 6:10; ApcEsdr 3:11 p. 27, 21 Tdf.; Philo, Op. M. 59; Jos., Ant. 9, 225 ς. μέγας) Mt 27:54; Ac 16:35 D; Rv 11:13b. Pl. in the account of the Messianic woes Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; σεισμοὶ μεγάλοι Lk 21:11 (cp. the σεισμοί seen in prospect Pherecyd. 18; Cat. Cod. Astr. VII 186, 8; 22; VIII/3, 174, 21; Boll 131). The σεισμός is accompanied by peals of thunder (Esth 1:1d; cp. Is 29:6) Rv 8:5; 11:19. ς. μέγας a severe earthquake (Lucian, M. Peregr. 39; Jer 10:22; Ezk 38:19) Mt 28:2 (CWebster, ET 42, ’31, 381f); Ac 16:26; Rv 6:12; 11:13a; 16:18ab.

ⓑ storm on a body of water, w. waves caused by high winds σεισμὸς μέγας ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Mt 8:24 (cp. vs. 26f where ἄνεμοι is found w. θάλ.; schol. on Pla. 25c τὸ τὸν σεισμὸν ποιοῦν πνεῦμα = ἄνεμος; Artem. 2, 38 σεισμὸς κ. ὄμβρος corresponds to 1, 73 p. 66, 7 χειμὼν κ. ὄμβ.; Diod S 26, 8 Rhodes is swallowed up by a σεισμός [as a result of a storm? or earthquake at sea?]; cp. σείω Maximus Tyr. 9, 6a; 11, 7h.—GBornkamm, D. Sturmstillg. im Mt: Jahrb. d. Theol. Schule Bethel ’48, 49–54).—RAC V 1070–114; BHHW I 425.—DELG s.v. σείω. M-M. EDNT. TW.