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41 ἀφίημι
A , etc., [ per.] 3sg. ἀφίησι, also ἀφίει, [dialect] Ion.ἀπίει Hdt.2.96
, [ per.] 1pl. ; imper. : [tense] impf. ἀφίειν, with double augm. ; [ per.] 3sg.ἀφίει Il. 1.25
, IG22.777.15, D.6.20, [dialect] Ion.ἀπίει Hdt.4.157
,ἠφίει Th.2.49
, Pl. Ly. 222b,ἤφιε Ev.Marc.11.16
; [ per.] 2pl.ἀφίετε D.23.188
; [ per.] 3pl. ἀφίεσαν E.Heracl. 821, Th.2.76, D.21.79, etc.,ἠφίεσαν X.HG4.6.11
,ἠφίουν Is. 6.40
(dub.): [tense] fut.ἀφήσω Il.2.263
, etc., [dialect] Ion.ἀπ- Hdt.7.193
: [tense] pf.ἀφεῖκα X.An.2.3.13
, D.56.26: [tense] aor. I ἀφῆκα, [dialect] Ion.ἀπ-, [dialect] Ep.ἀφέηκα, used in ind. only, Il.23.841, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ind. only in dual and pl., ἀφέτην, ἀφεῖμεν, ἀφεῖτε or ἄφετε, ἀφεῖσαν or ἄφεσαν; imper. ἄφες, subj. ἀφῶ, opt. αφείην ([ per.] 2pl.ἀφεῖτε Th.1.139
), inf. ἀφεῖναι, part. ἀφείς:—[voice] Med., ἀφίεμαι, [dialect] Ion. ἀπίεμαι, Hdt.3.101, Th.2.60, etc.: [tense] impf.[ per.] 3sg.ἀφίετο Od.23.240
, D.25.47: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor. 2ἀφείμην X.Hier.7.11
; imper. ἀφοῦ, ἄφεσθε, S.OT 1521, Ar.Ec. 509; inf.- έσθαι Isoc.6.83
, part. ; Arc.inf.(Tegea, iv B. C.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. , Pl.Lg. 635a; inf. (Milet., iii/ii B. C.): [tense] plpf. [ per.] 2sg. : rarer [tense] pf. [ per.] 3pl.ἀφέωνται Ev.Jo.20.23
, imper.ἀφεώσθω IG5(2).6.14
: [tense] aor. ,ἀφέθην Batr.87
, [dialect] Ion.ἀπείθην Hdt.6.112
; later [dialect] Aeol. inf.ἀφέθην Milet.3
No.152.34 (ii B. C.): [tense] fut.ἀφεθήσομαι Pl.R. 472a
, etc. [[pron. full] ῐ mostly in [dialect] Ep. (except in augm. tenses): [pron. full] ῑ always in [dialect] Att. Hom. also has ἀφῑετε, metri gr., Od.7.126]:—send forth, discharge, of missiles, ἔγχος, δίσκον ἀφῆκεν, Il.10.372, 23.432;ἀφῆκ' ἀργῆτα κεραυνόν 8.133
;ἀπῆκε βέλος Hdt.9.18
, etc.: hence in various senses, ἀ. ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι throw oneself upon, give oneself up to it, Pl.R. 373d;ἀ. αὑτὸν εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν Plu.Alc.13
; ἀ. γλῶσσαν let loose one's tongue, make utterance, Hdt.2.15, E.Hipp. 991; ἀ. φθογγήν ib. 418; ;φωνάς D.18.218
;γόους E.El.59
(v. infr. 11.2);ἀρὰς ἀφῆκας παιδί Id.Hipp. 1324
; ἀ. θυμὸν ἔς τινας give vent to.. (v. infr. 11.2), S.Ant. 1088; ὀργὴν εἴς τινα vent upon.., D.22.58; ἀ. δάκρυα shed tears, Aeschin.3.153; ἀ. παντοδαπὰ χρώματα change colour in all ways, Pl.Ly. 222b; freq.of liquids, etc., emit, ἀ. τὸ ὑγρόν, τὸν θολόν, τὸ σπέρμα, etc., Arist.HA 487a18, 524a12, 489a9; ἀ. τὸ ᾠόν, τὸ κύημα, ib. 568b30, a22; of plants, putting forth,Od.
7.126, cf. Thphr.HP7.7.3; of a spider,ἀ. ἀράχνιον Arist.HA 555b5
;ἱδρῶτα Plu.Mar.26
; put forth, produce,καρπόν Thphr.HP3.4.5
; φύλλον ib. 6.5.1 (but ἀ. σπέρμα leave issue, Ev.Marc.12.22):—[voice] Pass., to be emitted, Il.4.77 (tm.); of troops, to be let go, launched against the enemy, Hdt.6.112.3 give up or hand over to,τὴν Ἰωνίην τοῖσι βαρβάροισι Hdt.9.106
;ἐχθροῖς αἶαν A.Th. 306
;ἀ. τινὰ δημόσια εἶναι Th.2.13
:—[voice] Pass.,ἡ Ἀττικὴ ἀπεῖτο ἤδη Hdt.8.49
.II send away,1 of persons,κακῶς ἀφίει Il.1.25
;αὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα.. ἀφήσω 2.263
.b let go, loose, set free,ζωόν τινα ἀ. 20.464
; let loose,βοῦς Hdt.4.69
;περιστεράς Alex.62.3
;ἀ. Αἴγιναν αὐτόνομον Th.1.139
; ἀ. ἐλεύθερον, ἀζήμιον, Pl.R. 591a, Lg. 765c;τινὰς ἀφορολογήτους Plb.18.46.5
;ἀφέντ' ἐᾶν τινα S.Aj. 754
, cf. E.Fr. 463; ἐς οἴκους, ἐκ γῆς, S.OT 320, E.IT 739: c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, release from a thing,ἀποικίης Hdt.4.157
: in legal sense, acquit of a charge or engagement,φόνου τινα D.37.59
(abs., ἐὰν αἰδέσηται καὶ ἀφῇ ibid.);συναλλαγμάτων Id.33.12
: c. acc. only, acquit, Antipho 2.1.2, etc. (v. infr. 2 c):—[voice] Pass.,κινδύνου ἀφιέμενοι Th.4.106
; τοὺς γέροντας τοὺς ἀφειμένους released from duty, Arist.Pol. 1275a15;ἐγκλημάτων ἀφεῖσο Men.Epit. 572
.c let go, dissolve, disband, of an army or fleet, Hdt.1.77, etc.; dismiss, δικαστήρια (opp. λύειν ἐκκλησίαν) Ar.V. 595.d put away, divorce,γυναῖκα Hdt.5.39
; ἀ. γάμους break off a marriage, E.Andr. 973; ἀ. τὸν υἱόν disown him, Arist.EN 1163b22 (but with metaph. from releasing a debtor).2 of things, get rid of,ἀφέτην πολυκαγκέα δίψαν Il. 11.642
; ἀφίει μένος [ἔγχεος] slackened its force, 13.444; ἀ. ὀργήν put away wrath (v. supr. 1.1), A.Pr. 317;ὀργήν τινι Arr.An.1.10.6
; γόους (v. supr. 1.1) E.Or. 1022;νόσημα Hp.Prorrh.2.39
; ἀ. πνεῦμα, ψυχήν, give up the ghost, E.Hec. 571, Or. 1171: in Prose, give up, leave off,μόχθον Hdt.1.206
; ξυμμαχίαν, σπονδάς, Th.5.78, 115, etc.:—[voice] Med.,ἀ. τὸ προλέγειν D.S.19.1
.b ἀ. πλοῖον ἐς .. loose ship for a place, Hdt.5.42.c in legal sense (v. supr. Ib), c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, ἀ. τινὶ αἰτίην remit him a charge, Id.6.30;τὰς ἁμαρτάδας Id.8.140
.β', cf.Ev.Matt.6.12, al.;τὰς δίκας.. ἀφίεσαν τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις D.21.79
;ἀ. τινὶ εἰς ἐλευθερίαν χιλίας δραχμάς Id.59.30
, cf.IG22.43A27; ἀ. πληγάς τινι excuse him a flogging, Ar.Nu. 1426; ἀ. ὅρκον Jusj. in Lexap.And.1.98;φόρον Plb.21.24.8
([voice] Pass.);δάνειόν τινι Ev.Matt.18.27
.III leave alone, pass by, Hdt.3.95, etc.; neglect, τὰ θεῖα S.OC 1537;τὸν καιρόν D.1.8
;λέκτρων εὐνάς A.Pers. 544
: folld. by a predicate, ἀφύλακτον ἀ. τὴν ἑωυτῶν leave unguarded, Hdt.8.70; ἄτιμον, ἔρημον ἀ. τινά, S.OC 1279, Ant. 887;ἀ. τινὰς ὀρφανούς Ev.Jo. 14.18
;ἀ. τι ἀόριστον Arist.Pol. 1265a39
; leave,περὶ κινήσεως, ὅθεν ὑπάρχει, τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀφεῖσαν Id.Metaph. 985b20
, cf. 987b14:—[voice] Pass., esp. in [tense] pf. imper., missum fiat,Id.
EN 1166a34, cf. Pol. 1286a5, 1289b12.2 c. acc. et inf., ἀ. τὸ πλοῖον φέρεσθαι let the boat be carried away, Hdt.1.194;μὴ ἀφεῖναί με ἐπὶ ξένης ἀδιαφορηθῆναι PLond.2.144.14
(i A. D.).IV c. acc. pers. et inf., suffer, permit one to do a thing,ἀ. τινὰ ἀποπλέειν Hdt.3.25
, cf. 6.62, al., etc.: with inf. understood, ἡνίκα προῖκ' ἀφιᾶσιν (sc. θεᾶσθαι)οἱ θεατρῶναι Thphr.Char.30.6
: c. subj.,ἄφες ἐκβάλω Ev.Matt.7.4
, cf. Arr.Epict.1.9.15;ἄφες ἐγὼ θρηνήσω POxy.413.184
(i A. D.); ἄφες ἵνα .. Arr.Epict.4.13.19; οὐκ ἤφιεν ἵνα .. Ev.Marc.11.16:—[voice] Pass.,ἀφείθη σχολάζειν Arist.Metaph. 981b24
.V seemingly intr. (sc. στρατόν, ναῦς, etc.), break up, march, sail, etc., Hdt.7.193;ἀ. ἐς τὸ πέλαγος Th.7.19
; cf. 11.2b.2 c. inf., give up doing,ἀφεὶς σκοπεῖν τὰ δίκαια Diph.94
.B [voice] Med., send forth from oneself, much like [voice] Act.;θορήν Hdt.3.101
.2 loose something of one's own from, δειρῆς δ' οὔ πω.. ἀφίετο πήχεε λευκώ she loosed not her arms from off my neck, Od.23.240.3 freq. in [dialect] Att. c. gen. only, τέκνων ἀφοῦ let go of the children ! S. OT 1521;τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀ. Th.2.60
; , Aeschin.1.178;μὴ ἀφίεσο τοῦ Θεαιτήτου, ἀλλ' ἐρώτα Pl.Tht. 146b
, etc.;ἀφεῖσθαι τοῦ δικαίου τούτου D.37.1
;ἀφέμενος τῆς ἰαμβικῆς ἰδέας Arist.Po. 1449b8
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42 pull
pull [pʊl]fait de tirer ⇒ 1 (a) traction ⇒ 1 (b) résistance ⇒ 1 (c) attrait ⇒ 1 (d) influence ⇒ 1 (e) tirer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 3 (a) traîner ⇒ 2 (a) arracher ⇒ 2 (d) se déchirer ⇒ 2 (e) réussir ⇒ 2 (f)1 noun(a) (tug, act of pulling)∎ to give sth a pull, to give a pull on sth tirer (sur) qch;∎ give it a hard or good pull! tirez fort!;∎ give it one more pull tire encore un coup;∎ we'll need a pull to get out of the mud nous aurons besoin que quelqu'un nous remorque ou nous prenne en remorque pour nous désembourber;∎ with a pull the dog broke free le chien tira sur sa laisse et s'échappa;∎ she felt a pull at or on her handbag elle a senti qu'on tirait sur son sac à main;∎ I felt a pull on the fishing line ça mordait∎ the winch applies a steady pull le treuil exerce une traction continue;∎ the gravitational pull is stronger on Earth la gravitation est plus forte sur Terre;∎ we fought against the pull of the current nous luttions contre le courant qui nous entraînait(c) (resistance → of bowstring) résistance f;∎ adjust the trigger if the pull is too stiff for you réglez la détente si elle est trop dure pour vous(d) (psychological, emotional attraction) attrait m;∎ the pull of city life l'attrait m de la vie en ville;∎ he resisted the pull of family tradition and went his own way il a résisté à l'influence de la tradition familiale pour suivre son propre chemin∎ to have a lot of pull avoir le bras long;∎ he has a lot of pull with the Prime Minister il a beaucoup d'influence sur le Premier ministre;∎ his money gives him a certain political pull son argent lui confère une certaine influence ou un certain pouvoir politique;∎ his father's pull got him in son père l'a pistonné∎ it'll be a long pull to the summit la montée sera longue (et difficile) pour atteindre le sommet;∎ it will be a hard pull upstream il faudra ramer dur pour remonter le courant;∎ it's going to be a long uphill pull to make the firm profitable ça sera difficile de remettre l'entreprise à flot(g) (in rowing → stroke) coup m de rame ou d'aviron;∎ with another pull he was clear of the rock d'un autre coup de rame, il évita le rocher∎ to take a pull at or on one's beer boire ou prendre une gorgée de bière;∎ to take a pull at or on one's cigarette/pipe tirer sur sa cigarette/pipe(j) (snag → in sweater) accroc m;∎ my cardigan has a pull in it j'ai fait un accroc à mon cardigan(k) Typography épreuve f∎ she pulled my hair elle m'a tiré les cheveux;∎ to pull the blinds baisser les stores;∎ to pull the British curtains or∎ American drapes tirer ou fermer les rideaux;∎ we pulled the heavy log across to the fire nous avons traîné la lourde bûche jusqu'au feu;∎ pull the lamp towards you tirez la lampe vers vous;∎ he pulled his chair closer to the fire il approcha sa chaise de la cheminée;∎ she pulled the hood over her face elle abaissa le capuchon sur son visage;∎ he pulled his hat over his eyes il enfonça ou rabattit son chapeau sur ses yeux;∎ he pulled the steering wheel to the right il a donné un coup de volant à droite;∎ to pull a drawer open ouvrir un tiroir;∎ she came in and pulled the door shut behind her elle entra et ferma la porte derrière elle;∎ pull the rope taut tendez la corde;∎ pull the knot tight serrez le nœud;∎ pull the tablecloth straight tendez la nappe;∎ he pulled the wrapping from the package il arracha l'emballage du paquet;∎ he pulled the sheets off the bed il enleva les draps du lit;∎ she pulled her hand from mine elle retira (brusquement) sa main de la mienne;∎ she pulled the box from his hands elle lui a arraché la boîte des mains;∎ he was pulling her towards the exit il l'entraînait vers la sortie;∎ he pulled her closer (to him) il l'a attirée plus près de lui;∎ the current pulled us into the middle of the river le courant nous a entraînés au milieu de la rivière;∎ he pulled himself onto the riverbank il se hissa sur la berge;∎ figurative the sound of the doorbell pulled him out of his daydream le coup de sonnette l'a tiré de ou arraché à ses rêveries;∎ figurative he was pulled off the first team on l'a écarté ou exclu de la première équipe;∎ to pull to bits or pieces (toy, appliance) démolir, mettre en morceaux; (book, flower) déchirer; figurative (book, play, person) démolir(b) (operate → lever, handle) tirer;∎ pull the trigger appuyez ou pressez sur la détente(c) (tow, draw → load, trailer, carriage, boat) tirer, remorquer;∎ carts pulled by mules des charrettes tirées par des mules;∎ a suitcase with wheels that you pull behind you une valise à roulettes qu'on tire ou traîne derrière soi;∎ the barges were pulled along the canals les péniches étaient halées le long des canaux∎ he pulled a dollar bill from his wad/wallet il a tiré un billet d'un dollar de sa liasse/sorti un billet d'un dollar de son portefeuille;∎ he pulled a gun on me il a braqué un revolver sur moi;∎ to pull a cork déboucher une bouteille;∎ to have a tooth pulled se faire arracher une dent;∎ it was like pulling teeth c'était pénible comme tout;∎ getting him to talk is like pulling teeth! il faut lui arracher les mots de la bouche!;∎ familiar can you pull that file for me? pourriez-vous me sortir ce dossier?□(e) (strain → muscle, tendon) se déchirer;∎ she pulled a muscle elle s'est déchiré un muscle, elle s'est fait un claquage;∎ a pulled muscle un claquage;∎ my shoulder feels as if I've pulled something j'ai l'impression que je me suis froissé un muscle de l'épaule∎ she has pulled several daring financial coups elle a réussi plusieurs opérations financières audacieuses;∎ he pulled a big bank job in Italy il a réussi un hold-up de première dans une banque italienne;∎ to pull a trick on sb jouer un tour à qn□ ;∎ what are you trying to pull? qu'est-ce que tu es en train de combiner ou manigancer?□ ;∎ don't try and pull anything! n'essayez pas de jouer au plus malin!;∎ don't ever pull a stunt like that again ne me/nous/ etc refais jamais un tour comme ça□ ;∎ to pull a fast one on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;∎ American I pulled an all-nighter j'ai bossé toute la nuit∎ to pull a horse retenir un cheval;∎ also figurative to pull one's punches retenir ses coups, ménager son adversaire;∎ figurative she didn't pull any punches elle n'y est pas allée de main morte(h) (in golf, tennis → ball) puller;∎ to pull a shot puller(i) (in rowing → boat) faire avancer à la rame;∎ he pulls a good oar c'est un bon rameur;∎ the boat pulls eight oars c'est un bateau à huit avirons(l) (gut → fowl) vider∎ people complained and they had to pull the commercial ils ont dû retirer la pub suite à des plaintes∎ the festival pulled a big crowd le festival a attiré beaucoup de monde;∎ how many votes will he pull? combien de voix va-t-il récolter?□∎ he pulls pints at the Crown il est barman au Crown(a) (exert force, tug) tirer;∎ pull harder! tirez plus fort!;∎ to pull on or at a rope tirer sur un cordage;∎ the bandage may pull when I take it off le pansement risque de vous tirer la peau quand je l'enlèverai;∎ the steering pulls to the right la direction tire à droite;∎ Cars the 2-litre model pulls very well le modèle 2 litres a de bonnes reprises;∎ figurative they're pulling in different directions ils tirent à hue et à dia(b) (rope, cord)∎ the rope pulled easily la corde filait librement(c) (go, move)∎ pull into the space next to the Mercedes mettez-vous ou garez-vous à côté de la Mercedes;∎ he pulled into the right-hand lane il a pris la file de droite;∎ pull into the garage entrez dans le garage;∎ when the train pulls out of the station quand le train quitte la gare;∎ she pulled clear of the pack elle s'est détachée du peloton;∎ he pulled clear of the traffic and sped on il est sorti du flot de la circulation et a accéléré;∎ he pulled sharply to the left il a viré brutalement sur la gauche;∎ the lorry pulled slowly up the hill le camion gravissait lentement la côte∎ the engine's pulling le moteur fatigue ou peine∎ the head of personnel is pulling for you or on your behalf vous avez le chef du personnel derrière vous□(f) (snag → sweater) filer;∎ my sweater's pulled in a couple of places mon pull a plusieurs mailles filées∎ to pull for shore ramer vers la côte;∎ to pull with a long stroke ramer à grands coups d'aviron∎ did you pull last night? t'as levé une nana/un mec hier soir?►► American pull date date f limite de vente;Marketing pull strategy stratégie f pull;(handle roughly → person) malmener; (→ object) tirer dans tous les sens, tirailler;∎ stop pulling me about! mais lâche-moi donc!prendre de l'avance;∎ to pull ahead of sb prendre de l'avance sur qn(load, vehicle) tirer; (person) entraîner;∎ he was pulling the suitcase along by the strap il tirait la valise derrière lui par la sangle;∎ she pulled me along by my arm elle m'entraînait en me tirant par le bras(a) (take to pieces → machine, furniture) démonter;∎ now you've pulled it all apart, are you sure you can fix it? maintenant que tu as tout démonté, es-tu sûr de pouvoir le réparer?(b) (destroy, break → object) mettre en morceaux ou en pièces; (→ clothing) déchirer; (body, flesh) déchiqueter;∎ the wreck was pulled apart by the waves les vagues ont disloqué l'épave;∎ tell him where it's hidden or he'll pull the place apart dites-lui où c'est (caché) sinon il va tout saccager(e) (make suffer) déchirer(furniture) se démonter, être démontable;∎ the shelves simply pull apart les étagères se démontent sans outils(a) (cart, toy, suitcase) tirer derrière soi(b) (make turn) tourner, faire pivoter;∎ he pulled the horse around il fit faire demi-tour à son cheval(a) (strain at, tug at) tirer sur;∎ the dog pulled at the leash le chien tira sur la laisse;∎ we pulled at the rope nous avons tiré sur la corde;∎ I pulled at his sleeve je l'ai tiré par la manche;∎ each pulled at an oar chacun tirait sur un aviron;∎ the wind pulled at her hair le vent faisait voler ses cheveux(b) (suck → pipe, cigar) tirer sur;∎ (→ bottle) he pulled at his bottle of beer il a bu une gorgée de bière(withdraw → covering, hand) retirer; (grab) arracher;∎ she pulled her hand away elle retira ou ôta sa main;∎ he pulled me away from the window il m'éloigna de la fenêtre;∎ she pulled the book away from him elle lui arracha le livre(a) (withdraw → person) s'écarter;∎ I put out my hand but she pulled away j'ai tendu la main vers elle mais elle s'est détournée;∎ he had me by the arm but I managed to pull away il me tenait par le bras mais j'ai réussi à me dégager∎ the boat pulled away from the bank le bateau quitta la rive;∎ the train pulled away from the station le train a quitté la gare;∎ as the train began to pull away alors que le train s'ébranlait(c) (get ahead → runner, competitor) prendre de l'avance;∎ she's pulling away from the pack elle prend de l'avance sur le peloton, elle se détache du peloton(a) (draw backwards or towards one) retirer;∎ he pulled his hand back il retira ou ôta sa main;∎ she pulled back the curtains elle ouvrit les rideaux;∎ pull the lever back tirez le levier (vers l'arrière);∎ he pulled me back from the railing il m'a éloigné de la barrière;∎ to pull sb/a company back from the brink faire refaire surface à qn/une entreprise, tirer qn/une entreprise d'affaire(b) (withdraw → troops) retirer(a) (withdraw → troops, participant) se retirer;∎ it's too late to pull back now il est trop tard pour se retirer ou pour faire marche arrière maintenant;∎ they pulled back from committing themselves fully ils ont renoncé à s'engager complètement(b) (step backwards) reculer;∎ to pull back involuntarily avoir un mouvement de recul involontaire(c) (jib → horse, person) regimber(a) (lower → lever, handle) tirer (vers le bas); (→ trousers, veil) baisser; (→ suitcase, book) descendre; (→ blind, window) baisser;∎ pull the blind/the window down baissez le store/la vitre;∎ with his hat pulled down over his eyes son chapeau rabattu sur les yeux;∎ she pulled her skirt down over her knees elle ramena sa jupe sur ses genoux;∎ I pulled him down onto the chair je l'ai fait asseoir sur la chaise;∎ he's pulling the whole team down il fait baisser le niveau de toute l'équipe;∎ my marks in the oral exam will pull me down mes notes à l'oral vont baisser ou descendre ma moyenne(b) (demolish → house, wall) démolir, abattre;∎ they're pulling down the whole neighbourhood ils démolissent tout le quartier;∎ figurative it'll pull down the government ça va renverser le gouvernement(blind) descendre➲ pull in(a) (line, fishing net) ramener;∎ they pulled the rope in ils tirèrent la corde à eux;∎ to pull sb in (into building, car) tirer qn à l'intérieur, faire entrer qn; (into water) faire tomber qn à l'eau∎ to pull oneself in rentrer son ventre(c) (attract → customers, investors, investment) attirer;∎ the show's really pulling them in le spectacle attire les foules∎ they pulled him in for questioning ils l'ont arrêté pour l'interroger(f) (stop → horse) retenir, tirer les rênes de;∎ to pull one's car in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;∎ to be pulled in for speeding être arrêté pour excès de vitesse(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ park) se garer; (→ move to side of road) se rabattre; (arrive → train) entrer en gare;∎ I pulled in for petrol je me suis arrêté pour prendre de l'essence;∎ the car in front pulled in to let me past la voiture devant moi s'est rabattue pour me laisser passer;∎ pull in here arrête-toi là;∎ to pull in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;∎ the express pulled in two hours late l'express est arrivé avec deux heures de retard➲ pull off(a) (clothes, boots, ring) enlever, retirer; (cover, bandage, knob, wrapping) enlever; (page from calendar, sticky backing) détacher;∎ to pull the sheets off the bed retirer ou enlever les draps du lit;∎ I pulled her hat off je lui ai enlevé son chapeau; (more violently) je lui ai arraché son chapeau(b) familiar (accomplish → deal, stratagem, mission, shot) réussir□ ; (→ press conference, negotiations) mener à bien□ ; (→ plan) réaliser□ ; (→ prize) décrocher, gagner□ ;∎ the deal will be difficult to pull off cette affaire ne sera pas facile à négocier;∎ will she (manage to) pull it off? est-ce qu'elle va y arriver?;∎ he pulled it off il a réussi∎ to pull sb off branler qn;∎ to pull oneself off se branler∎ he pulled off onto a side road il bifurqua sur une petite route;∎ there's no place to pull off il n'y a pas de place pour s'arrêter∎ the lid simply pulls off il suffit de tirer pour enlever le couvercle;∎ the top pulls off to reveal… le dessus se retire et on peut voir…➲ pull on(clothes, boots, pillow slip) mettre, enfiler(a) (tug at → rope, handle etc) tirer sur(b) (draw on → cigarette, pipe) tirer sur➲ pull out(a) (remove → tooth, hair, weeds) arracher; (→ splinter, nail) enlever; (→ plug, cork) ôter, enlever; (produce → wallet, weapon) sortir, tirer;∎ she pulled a map out of her bag elle a sorti une carte de son sac;∎ he pulled a page out of his notebook il a déchiré une feuille de son carnet;∎ pull the paper gently out of the printer retirez doucement le papier de l'imprimante;∎ to pull a nail out of a plank arracher un clou d'une planche;∎ the tractor pulled us out of the mud/ditch le tracteur nous a sortis de la boue/du fossé;∎ to pull the country out of recession (faire) sortir le pays de la récession;∎ to pull sb out of a tight spot tirer qn d'un mauvais pas;∎ familiar to pull out all the stops (to do sth) faire le maximum (pour faire qch)∎ pull the bed out from the wall écartez le lit du mur;∎ he pulled a chair out from under the table il a écarté une chaise de la table(c) (withdraw → troops, contestant) retirer;∎ the battalion was pulled out of the border area le bataillon a été retiré de la région frontalière;∎ he threatened to pull the party out of the coalition il menaça de retirer le parti de la coalition(a) (withdraw → troops, ally, participant) se retirer; (→ company from project, buyer) se désister; (→ company from place) quitter une/la région/ville/ etc;∎ when they pulled out of Vietnam quand ils se sont retirés du Viêt-nam;∎ she's pulling out of the election elle retire sa candidature;∎ they've pulled out of the deal ils se sont retirés de l'affaire∎ she was pulling out of the garage elle sortait du garage;∎ he pulled out to overtake il a déboîté pour doubler;∎ a truck suddenly pulled out in front of me soudain, un camion m'a coupé la route;∎ to pull out into traffic s'engager dans la circulation;∎ Aviation to pull out of a dive sortir d'un piqué, se rétablir∎ to pull out of a recession/a crisis sortir de la récession/d'une crise∎ the sofa pulls out into a bed le canapé se transforme en lit;∎ the shelves pull out on peut retirer les étagères;∎ the table top pulls out c'est une table à rallonges(a) (draw into specified position) tirer, traîner;∎ pull the chair over to the window amenez la chaise près de la fenêtre;∎ she pulled the dish over and helped herself elle a tiré le plat vers ou à elle et s'est servie(b) (make fall → pile, person, table) faire tomber, renverser;∎ watch out you don't pull that lamp over fais attention de ne pas faire tomber cette lampe(c) (usu passive) (stop → vehicle, driver) arrêter;∎ I got pulled over for speeding je me suis fait arrêter pour excès de vitesse(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ move to side of road) se ranger, se rabattre;∎ pull over and let the fire engine past rangez-vous ou rabattez-vous sur le côté et laissez passer les pompiers∎ a drop of brandy will pull her round un peu de cognac la remettra ou remontera(regain consciousness) revenir à soi, reprendre connaissance; (recover) se remettre(a) (draw through → rope, thread) faire passer;∎ pull the needle through to the other side faites sortir l'aiguille de l'autre côté(b) (help survive or surmount) tirer d'affaire;∎ he says his faith pulled him through il dit que c'est sa foi qui lui a permis de s'en sortir(recover) s'en sortir, s'en tirer(shut → door, gate) fermer(a) (place together, join) joindre∎ I've pulled together a few suggestions j'ai préparé ou noté quelques propositions(c) to pull oneself together se reprendre, se ressaisir;∎ pull yourself together! ressaisissez-vous!, ne vous laissez pas aller!∎ pull together! (in rowing) avant partout!(b) (combine efforts, cooperate) concentrer ses efforts, agir de concert;∎ we've all got to pull together on this one il faut que nous nous y mettions tous ensemble, il faut que nous nous attelions tous ensemble à la tâche➲ pull up(a) (draw upwards → trousers, sleeve, blanket, lever) remonter; (→ blind) hausser, lever; (→ skirt) retrousser, relever; (hoist oneself) hisser;∎ they pulled the boat up onto the beach ils ont tiré le bateau sur la plage;∎ she pulled herself up onto the ledge elle s'est hissée sur le rebord;∎ to pull one's socks up tirer ou remonter ses chaussettes; familiar figurative se remuer, s'activer(b) (move closer → chair) approcher;∎ I pulled a chair up to the desk j'ai approché une chaise du bureau;∎ why don't you pull up a chair and join us? prenez donc une chaise et joignez-vous à nous!;∎ he pulled the crate up to the scales il a traîné la caisse jusqu'à la balance(c) (uproot → weeds) arracher; (→ bush, stump, tree) arracher, déraciner; (rip up → floorboards) arracher∎ to be pulled up (by the police) se faire arrêter (par un agent);∎ his warning pulled me up short je me suis arrêté net lorsqu'il m'a crié de faire attention;∎ he was about to tell them everything but I pulled him up (short) il était sur le point de tout leur dire mais je lui ai coupé la parole∎ his good marks in maths pulled him up again ses bonnes notes en maths ont remonté sa moyenne∎ he was pulled up for being late il s'est fait enguirlander pour être arrivé en retard;∎ if your work is sloppy, they'll pull you up on it si ton travail est bâclé, tu vas te faire taper sur les doigts∎ as I was pulling up at the red light alors que j'allais m'arrêter au feu rouge;∎ pull up at or outside the main entrance arrêtez-vous devant l'entrée principale;∎ to pull up short s'arrêter net ou brusquement(c) (draw even) rattraper;∎ to pull up with sb rattraper qn;∎ Sun Boy is pulling up on the outside! Sun Boy remonte à l'extérieur!(d) (improve → student, athlete, performance) s'améliorer -
43 pedir
v.1 to ask for.pedir algo a alguien to ask somebody for somethingpedir a alguien que haga algo to ask somebody to do somethingpedir a alguien (en matrimonio) to ask for somebody's hand (in marriage)pedir (prestado) algo a alguien to borrow something from somebodypide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbikeYo pido una pizza I ask for a pizza.Yo le pido a María una pizza I ask Mary for a pizza.Yo le pido a María I ask Mary.2 to order.¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?3 to demand.4 to call for, to need.5 to beg.6 to ask to, to request to.Yo pedí hablar en la reunión I requested to talk at the meeting.7 to require.El caso pide una acción immediata The case requires immediate action.* * *1 (gen) to ask for2 (mercancías, en restaurante) to order■ ¿qué has pedido de postre? what did you order for dessert?3 (necesitar) to need, cry out for1 (por la calle) to beg\a pedir de boca just right, perfectlypedir la cuenta to ask for the billpedir la mano de alguien to ask for somebody's hand in marriage* * *verb1) to ask for, request2) order* * *1. VT1) (=rogar, solicitar) to ask for¿habéis pedido ya la cuenta? — have you asked for the bill yet?
una manifestación pidiendo la libertad de los secuestrados — a demonstration calling for the release of the hostages
•
pedir cuentas a algn — to demand an explanation from sb•
pedir algo por favor, me pidió por favor que fuera discreto — he asked me to please keep it to myselfte lo pido por favor, quédate conmigo — please stay with me
pido la palabra, señoría — permission to speak, my lord
- ¿qué más se puede pedir?2) (Com) (=encargar) to order3) [en un restaurante] to order; [en un bar] to ask for, orderhemos pedido dos cafés y un té — we've asked for o ordered two coffees and a tea
4) [para casarse] to propose to•
pedir la mano de algn — to ask for sb's hand5) (Jur) [+ condena] to ask for6) (=requerir) to need7) (tb: pedir prestado) to borrowme pidió prestado el coche — he asked if he could borrow the car, he asked to borrow the car
2. VI1) (=rogar)•
pedir por algn — (Rel) to pray for sb2) (=pedir dinero) [mendigo] to beg; [voluntario] to collect money3) [en un bar, restaurante] to orderboca 1., 3)¿habéis pedido ya? — have you ordered yet?
3.See:PEDIR ¿"Ask" o "ask for"? ► La expresión pedir algo se traduce por ask for something: Pidieron muchas cosas diferentes They asked for many different things Si el verbo pedir lleva dos complementos, el complemento de persona siempre va delante: Pídele un lápiz a la profesora Ask the teacher for a pencil ► La estructura pedir a alguien que haga algo, se traduce al inglés por ask + ((objeto)) + ((construcción de infinitivo)): Le pedí a mi hermana que me trajera una alfombra de Turquía I asked my sister to bring me a rug from Turkey Le pediremos que nos haga un descuento We'll ask him to give us a discount Si el contexto es más formal pedir también se puede traducir por request: Ambas partes en conflicto están pidiendo ayuda al extranjero Both sides are requesting help from abroad Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask forme pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)
me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions
¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?
pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado
b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for2) (Com)a) ( como precio)¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?
b) < mercancías> to order3) ( para casarse)4) ( requerir) to need2.esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered
pedir via) ( mendigar) to begb) (en bar, restaurante) to orderc) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask* * *= ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.Ex. This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.Ex. Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.Ex. For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex. A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.Ex. Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.Ex. Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.Ex. I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.Ex. Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.Ex. If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.Ex. You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.Ex. 'Sit down please,' he bade her.Ex. A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.Ex. The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.Ex. For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.Ex. The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.Ex. If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.----* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.* pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.* pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.* pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.* pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.* pedir en préstamo = borrow.* pedir especialmente = special order.* pedir información = request + information.* pedir información de = ask for + details of.* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.* pedir la documentación = card.* pedir la identificación = card.* pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.* pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.* pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.* pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.* pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.* pedir prestado = borrow.* pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.* pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.* pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.* pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.* pedir un rescate = ransom.* pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.* persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask forme pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)
me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions
¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?
pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado
b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for2) (Com)a) ( como precio)¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?
b) < mercancías> to order3) ( para casarse)4) ( requerir) to need2.esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered
pedir via) ( mendigar) to begb) (en bar, restaurante) to orderc) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask* * *= ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.Ex: This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.
Ex: Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.Ex: For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.Ex: A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.Ex: Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.Ex: Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.Ex: I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.Ex: Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.Ex: If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.Ex: You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.Ex: 'Sit down please,' he bade her.Ex: A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.Ex: The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.Ex: For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.Ex: The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.Ex: If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.* pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.* pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.* pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.* pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.* pedir en préstamo = borrow.* pedir especialmente = special order.* pedir información = request + information.* pedir información de = ask for + details of.* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.* pedir la documentación = card.* pedir la identificación = card.* pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.* pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.* pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.* pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.* pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.* pedir prestado = borrow.* pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.* pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.* pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.* pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.* pedir un rescate = ransom.* pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.* persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].* * *vtA1 ‹dinero/ayuda› to ask forpidieron un préstamo al banco they asked the bank for a loanpidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leaveme pidió consejo he asked my advice, he asked me for advicepide limosna a la puerta de la iglesia he begs (for money) at the church doorpréstamelo, te lo pido por favor please lend it to mesi no me lo pides por favor no te lo doy I won't give it to you unless you say please o unless you ask nicelynadie te ha pedido (tu) opinión nobody asked (for) your opinionme pidió disculpas or perdón por lo que había hecho he apologized for what he had donepídele perdón a tu padre apologize to o say you're sorry to your father¿quién eres tú para venir a pedirme cuentas or explicaciones? who do you think you are, asking me to justify my actions?pedir hora to make an appointmentpedir la palabra to ask for permission to speakpide cuatro años de cárcel para los acusados he is asking for a four-year sentence for the accusedes un sitio donde se come barato y bien, no se puede pedir más it's the sort of place where you can eat cheaply and well, what more could you ask for? o it's idealestá haciendo todo lo posible, no se le puede pedir más she's doing all she can, you can't ask for more than that o that's all you can askpedir QUE + SUBJ:me pidió que le comprara el periódico he asked me to buy him the newspaperpidió que lo trasladaran he asked to be transferred2 (en un bar, restaurante) to orderpedimos pescado de segundo we ordered fish for our second courseB ( Com)1 (como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth FOR sth¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?2 ‹mercancías› to orderCle pedí la mano de su hija I asked for his daughter's hand in marriage ( frml), I asked to marry his daughtervino a pedir a mi hermana he came to ask if he could marry my sisterD (requerir) to needeste pescado pide un buen vino blanco this fish needs a good white wine to go with it, this fish would go well with a good white wineese vestido pide unos zapatos más altos that dress needs shoes with a higher heelestá pidiendo una bofetada she's asking for a slapesta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen this plant is crying out to be watered■ pedirvi1 (mendigar) to begpide a la puerta de la iglesia he begs at the church door2 (en un bar, restaurante) to order3 (para tener algo) ( AmL) to askpidió para salir temprano he asked if he could go early o he asked permission to go earlyestos niños sólo saben pedir these chidren are very demanding o do nothing but make demands■ pedirseme pido la cama de arriba I have dibs on the top bunk, I bags the top bunk* * *
pedir ( conjugate pedir) verbo transitivo
1
pidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leave;
pide limosna he begs (for money);
pedirle algo a algn to ask sb for sth;
le pidió ayuda he asked her for help;
me pidió disculpas or perdón he apologized (to me);
pedir hora to make an appointment;
pedir la palabra to ask for permission to speak;
me pidió que le enseñara he asked me to teach him;
ver prestado
‹ cuenta› to ask for
2 (Com)a) ( como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth for sth;◊ ¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?
verbo intransitivo
pedir verbo transitivo
1 (un favor) to ask: me pidió que la ayudara, he asked me to help her
2 (una cosa) to ask for: el niño le pidió unos caramelos, the child asked him for some sweets ➣ Ver nota en ask
3 (en la tienda, en el bar, etc) to order
4 (limosna) to beg
5 (requerir, necesitar) to need: ese coche está pidiendo que lo laven, that car needs washing
♦ Locuciones: pedir a gritos, to cry out
pedir disculpas, to apologize
pedir prestado, to borrow
a pedir de boca, just fine
' pedir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apestosa
- apestoso
- bastar
- boca
- cita
- cobrar
- cuenta
- demandar
- disculpa
- hora
- luna
- pera
- perdón
- prestar
- requerir
- socorro
- voz
- asilo
- audiencia
- auxilio
- aventón
- cola
- excusar
- gorrear
- informe
- justicia
- limosna
- mano
- ordenar
- palabra
- palmada
- pida
- prestado
- qué
- raid
- turno
- vez
English:
apologetic
- appeal
- apply for
- appointment
- ask
- ask for
- asylum
- beg
- borrow
- clamor
- clamour
- cry out for
- formality
- get
- have
- invite
- may
- order
- permission
- propose
- request
- seek
- send away for
- send for
- send off for
- shall
- sorry
- summon
- tall order
- want
- wish
- write back
- write off
- apologize
- by
- call
- claim
- cry
- hitch
- impossible
- make
- might
- place
- send
- urge
* * *♦ vt1. [solicitar] to ask for;pedir algo a alguien to ask sb for sth;me pidió (mi) opinión she asked me (for) my opinion;pedir un taxi (por teléfono) to ring for a taxi;pedir a alguien que haga algo to ask sb to do sth;le pido que sea breve, por favor I would ask you to be brief, please;le pedí que saliera conmigo I asked her out;pedir a alguien en matrimonio, pedir la mano de alguien to ask for sb's hand (in marriage);pedir prestado algo a alguien to borrow sth from sb;pide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbike;no tienes más que pedirlo all you need to do is ask;si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask;CAm, Méx2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?3. [mercancías] to order;pedir algo a alguien to order sth from sb4. [exigir] to demand;¡pido que se me escuche! I demand to be heard!;le pedimos al gobierno una inmediata retirada de las tropas we demand that the government withdraw its troops immediately;la acusación pide veinte años de cárcel the prosecution is asking for twenty years5. [requerir] to call for, to need;los cactus piden poca agua cacti don't need a lot of water;esta cocina está pidiendo a gritos que la limpies this kitchen is crying out for you to clean it♦ vi1. [mendigar] to beg;hay mucha gente pidiendo por la calle there are a lot of beggars in the streets2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;¿han pedido ya? have you ordered?* * *I v/t1 ask for;pedir algo a alguien ask s.o. for sth;me pidió que no fuera he asked me not to go;te lo pido I beg you2 ( necesitar) needII v/i1 ( mendigar) beg* * *pedir {54} vt1) : to ask for, to requestle pedí un préstamo a Claudia: I asked Claudia for a loan2) : to order (food, merchandise)3)pedir perdón : to apologizepedir vi1) : to order2) : to beg* * *pedir vb1. (en general) to ask for¿cuánto piden por el cuadro? how much are they asking for the picture?2. (un favor) to ask3. (en restaurante) to order¿qué has pedido de segundo? what have you ordered for your main course? -
44 dis-cēdō
dis-cēdō cessī, cessus, ere, to go apart, part asunder, divide, separate, disperse, scatter: ex hac fugā auxilia discesserunt, Cs.: lignationis causā in silvas, Cs.: ut sodalitates decuriatique discederent: cum discedere populum iussissent tribuni, L.: in duas partīs, S.: cum terra discessisset: caelum, opens: scaena ut versis discedat frontibus, open, V.—To go away, depart, leave: petebat ut discedere liceret, Cs.: misere discedere quaerens, H.: ab exercitu, Cs.: a senis latere: e Galliā: ex contione, Cs.: de foro: templo, O.: longius ab agmine discedi, Cs.: de colloquio discessum, L.: in loca occulta, S.: ad urbem, V.: ex castris domum, Cs.: domos suas, N.—Of troops, to march off, march away, decamp: discessit a Brundisio, Cs.: ex hibernis, Cs.: Tarracone, Cs.: ab signis, to leave the standard, Cs.: exercitus ab signis discessit, disbanded, L.: ab armis, to lay down their arms, Cs.: in itinere ab eo, desert, Cs. — From a battle, to get away, come away, come off, be left, remain: se superiores discessisse existimare, Cs.: victor discessit ab hoste, H.: victus, S.: graviter volneratus, S.: ut inanes discederent: aequā manu, S.: aequo Marte, L.: sine detrimento, Cs. —From a trial or struggle, to come off, get off, be left, remain: ut spoliis ex hoc iudicio ornati discedant: se superiorem discessurum: liberatus, N.: si istius haec iniuria inpunita discesserit: pulchre, T.: turpissime: a iudicio capitis maximā gloriā, N.: Discedo Alcaeus puncto illius, he votes me an Alcaeus, H.—Fig., to depart, deviate, swerve from, leave, forsake, give up, abandon: nihil a statu naturae: a fide: a suā sententiā, Cs.: ab amicis in magnā re peccantibus.—To pass away, vanish, cease: audivi quartanam a te discessisse: ex animo illius memoria: hostibus spes potiundi oppidi discessit, Cs.: ubi hae sollicitudines discessere, L.—In the phrase, in sententiam discedere, to adopt a view, pass over to a party, vote for a measure: senatus in Catonis sententiam discessit, S.: senatus in alia omnia discessit: in hanc sententiam ut discederetur, L.: illud SC, quo numquam ante discessum est, Cs.—To leave in thought, depart: cum a vobis discesserim, i. e. except you: ut cum ab illo discesserint, me habeant proximum. -
45 У-5
НА УБОЙ PrepP Invar adv1. посылать, отправлять, гнать кого \У-5 (to send, drive s.o.) to inevitable death: (send (herd) s.o.) to slaughter(send s.o. off (put s.o. somewhere etc)) to be slaughtered (killed, butchered).«Ваши генералы в Финляндии и в Польше гнали на убой своих солдат, чтобы убедить нас в своей мнимой слабости» (Копелев 1). "Your generals in Finland and Poland herded your men to slaughter so as to convince us of your false weakness" (1a).Впереди расположения войск Тучкова находилось возвышение. Это возвышение не было занято войсками. Бенигсен громко критиковал эту ошибку, говоря, что было безумно оставить незанятою командующую местностью высоту и поставить войска под нею. Некоторые генералы выражали то же мнение. Один в особенности с воинскою горячностью говорил о том, что их поставили тут на убой (Толстой 6). In front of Tiichkov's troops was an eminence which was not occupied by troops. Bennigsen loudly criticized this mistake, saying that it was madness to leave an elevation that commanded the surrounding country unoccupied and to place troops below it. Several of the generals expressed the same opinion. One in particular declared with martial vehemence that they were put there to be slaughtered (6a).2. кормить кого \У-5 coll. Also: КАК НА УБОЙ coll (to feed s.o.) large amounts of food ( usu. good, varied foodusu. implies that s.o. ends up eating more than he should or would like to)X кормит Y-a (как) на убой - X stuffs Y to the gillsX feeds Y until Y is ready to burst X feeds Y heartily. -
46 как на убой
• НА УБОЙ[PrepP; Invar; adv]=====1. посылать, отправлять, гнать кого как на убой (to send, drive s.o.) to inevitable death:- (send < herd> s.o.) to slaughter;- (send s.o. off <put s.o. somewhere etc>) to be slaughtered (killed, butchered).♦ "Ваши генералы в Финляндии и в Польше гнали на убой своих солдат, чтобы убедить нас в своей мнимой слабости" (Копелев 1). "Your generals in Finland and Poland herded your men to slaughter so as to convince us of your false weakness" (1a).♦ Впереди расположения войск Тучкова находилось возвышение. Это возвышение не было занято войсками. Бенигсен громко критиковал эту ошибку, говоря, что было безумно оставить незанятою командующую местностью высоту и поставить войска под нею. Некоторые генералы выражали то же мнение. Один в особенности с воинскою горячностью говорил о том, что их поставили тут на убой (Толстой 6). In front of liichkov's troops was an eminence which was not occupied by troops. Bennigsen loudly criticized this mistake, saying that it was madness to leave an elevation that commanded the surrounding country unoccupied and to place troops below it. Several of the generals expressed the same opinion. One in particular declared with martial vehemence that they were put there to be slaughtered (6a).2. кормить кого ≈ coll. Also: КАК НА УБОЙ coll (to feed s.o.) large amounts of food (usu. good, varied food; usu. implies that s.o. ends up eating more than he should or would like to):- X feeds Y heartily.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > как на убой
-
47 на убой
• НА УБОЙ[PrepP; Invar; adv]=====- (send < herd> s.o.) to slaughter;- (send s.o. off <put s.o. somewhere etc>) to be slaughtered (killed, butchered).♦ "Ваши генералы в Финляндии и в Польше гнали на убой своих солдат, чтобы убедить нас в своей мнимой слабости" (Копелев 1). "Your generals in Finland and Poland herded your men to slaughter so as to convince us of your false weakness" (1a).♦ Впереди расположения войск Тучкова находилось возвышение. Это возвышение не было занято войсками. Бенигсен громко критиковал эту ошибку, говоря, что было безумно оставить незанятою командующую местностью высоту и поставить войска под нею. Некоторые генералы выражали то же мнение. Один в особенности с воинскою горячностью говорил о том, что их поставили тут на убой (Толстой 6). In front of liichkov's troops was an eminence which was not occupied by troops. Bennigsen loudly criticized this mistake, saying that it was madness to leave an elevation that commanded the surrounding country unoccupied and to place troops below it. Several of the generals expressed the same opinion. One in particular declared with martial vehemence that they were put there to be slaughtered (6a).2. кормить кого ≈ coll. Also: КАК НА УБОЙ coll (to feed s.o.) large amounts of food (usu. good, varied food; usu. implies that s.o. ends up eating more than he should or would like to):- X feeds Y heartily.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на убой
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48 pull out
pull out vb sacar / arrancarv.• arrancar v.• mesar v.1) v + adv\<\<vehicle/driver\>\>a) ( depart) arrancar*b) ( enter traffic)2) ( extend) \<\<table\>\> alargarse*3) ( withdraw) \<\<troops/partner\>\> retirarse, irse*4) v + o + adv, v + adv + o(extract, remove) \<\<tooth/nail/plug\>\> sacar*; \<\<weeds/page\>\> arrancar*he pulled out his wallet/a $20 bill — sacó la cartera/un billete de 20 dólares
5) ( withdraw) \<\<teamoops\>\> retirar1. VT + ADV1) (=take out) (from pocket, drawer) sacar; (from ground) arrancar; [+ tooth] sacar, extraer; (=pull outwards) [+ lever etc] tirar hacia fuera2) (=withdraw) retirar2. VI + ADV1) (Aut, Rail) (=come out) salir2) (Mil) (=withdraw) retirarse ( from de)3) (=leave) salir, partir4)it pulls out easily — [drawer etc] sale fácilmente
* * *1) v + adv\<\<vehicle/driver\>\>a) ( depart) arrancar*b) ( enter traffic)2) ( extend) \<\<table\>\> alargarse*3) ( withdraw) \<\<troops/partner\>\> retirarse, irse*4) v + o + adv, v + adv + o(extract, remove) \<\<tooth/nail/plug\>\> sacar*; \<\<weeds/page\>\> arrancar*he pulled out his wallet/a $20 bill — sacó la cartera/un billete de 20 dólares
5) ( withdraw) \<\<team/troops\>\> retirar -
49 trække
drag, draw, in flight, migrate, pull, take, thread, tow, wheel, yank* * *vb (trak, trukket)( trække til sig, rykke) pull (i at, fx a rope, the door, his mother's skirt),( kraftigt) tug (i at, fx his sleeve);( med jævn bevægelse) draw ( fx a carriage drawn by four horses), pull( fx the chair away, socks on; the horse was pulling a cart),( langsomt, om noget tungt) haul ( fx a boat on shore),( med besvær: slæbe) drag ( fx a child away from a shop window),T lug;( bugsere) tow ( fx a barge);( dyr i reb) lead;( cykel) wheel;( trække frem) draw ( fx a knife, a gun, one's sword), pull ( fx a knife, a gun);( i automat) draw;( tiltrække, fx kunder) draw, attract;( indsuge) absorb;( tegne) draw;( føre snor, streg etc gennem noget) pass, run;( uden objekt) ( tiltrække publikum) draw, be a draw;(om fugle etc) migrate;( skorsten, cigar etc) draw;(te) draw,F infuse;( i fodbold) move;( om prostitueret) go on the street(s);(i skak etc) move;[ det trækker] there's a draught;[ med sb:][ trække vand](fx om sko) let in (el. soak up) water,(mar) leak;[ med præp & adv:][ trække af](dvs skyde) pull the trigger;[ trække frakken (, støvlerne etc) af] pull off one's coat (, boots, etc);[ trække an](fx møtrik) draw tight,( bremse) pull back;[ trække bort]( fjerne sig) go away, leave,( om fugle) depart, migrate,( om skyer, tåge etc) clear away;[ trække gardinet for] draw the curtain;( gardin) draw back,( fradrage) deduct ( fx 5 per cent from the salary),( subtrahere) subtract, take away;[ trække 2 fra 5] subtract (el. take) 2 from 5;[ trække frem] pull out, draw out,( fremhæve) call attention to, emphasize,[ trække i]( rykke i) pull at,( kraftigt) tug at,( iføre sig) put on, get into;[ trække en i håret] pull somebody's hair;(fig) climb down;[ det trak i hans ansigt] his face twitched;[ tropperne trak igennem byen] the troops marched through the town;[ trække en tråd igennem et nåleøje] pass a thread through the eye of a needle;[ trække ind] draw in, pull in,( om væske) soak in;[ katten trak kløerne ind] the cat retracted its claws;(se også hår);[ blive trukket med ind i noget] be drawn into something, be mixed up in something;[ trække en med sig i faldet] drag somebody down with one;(se også trækkes);[ trække ned] pull down, draw down;( i karakter) penalize ( fx I won't penalize him for that);(fig) drag somebody down;[ trække om] wander about;[ trække om med noget] carry (, drag) something about with one;[ trække op] draw up, pull up,( mekanisme) wind ( fx a watch),( flaske) uncork, open,( prop) draw,( i pris) overcharge ( fx the customers),T rip off;( med blæk) ink in;[ trække skuldrene op] hunch one's shoulders;(omtr) they are changing the guard;[ trække op af vandet] pull out of the water;[ trække op i bukserne] hitch up one's trousers;[ det trækker op til krig (, regn)] it looks like war (, rain);[ det trækker op til uvejr] a storm is gathering (el. brewing);[ trække over]( rive over) tear;( om konto) overdraw ( fx one's bank account by £10);( om uvejr, fare etc) blow over;[ trække en skrue over] strip (el. break) the thread of a screw;[ trække `på](fx strømper, støvler) pull on;[ trækker det på dig?] are you in a draft? is the draught bothering you?[ trække på én for et beløb] draw on somebody for an amount;[ trække på det ene ben] walk with a limp;[ trække perler på en snor] string beads (, pearls);(se også skulder, II. åre);[ trække sammen] draw together, gather,( forkorte) contract, condense;[ skyerne trækker sammen] the clouds are gathering; the sky is clouding over;( tiltrække) attract, draw,(lukke fx dør) pull to,( rykke kraftigt) pull hard,( stramme) tighten ( fx a screw, a knot),( om byld) come to a head;[ trække tilbage] draw (, pull) back ( fx one's chair; pull back troops),(mere F) withdraw ( fx one's hand, troops);(fig) withdraw ( fx an accusation, one's confession),F retract ( fx an accusation);[ trække ud] draw out,( med kraft) pull out ( fx a drawer, a tooth, a nail, hairs, asplinter),F extract;( forlænge) draw out, stretch,( få til at vare længe) draw out,T drag out ( fx the meeting, the debate), spin out ( fx theconversation, a speech, a story);( vare længe) make slow progress, take a long time,T drag on;[ trække tiden ud] draw out the time;[ prøve at trække tiden ud] play for time,F temporize,T drag one's feet;[ for at trække tiden ud] in order to gain time;[ det trækker ud med forhandlingerne] the negotiations are making slow progress;[ med sig:][ trække sig]( ved valg: opgive sin kandidatur) stand down;[ trække sig i lave], se I. lave;(mil.) fall back on ( fx a fortress); withdraw into;[ trække sig ind i sig selv] withdraw (, F: retire) into oneself;(se også I. skal);[ trække sig sammen] contract ( fx his muscles contracted);[ nettet trækker sig sammen om ham] the net is tightening round him;( bevæge sig tilbage) draw (el. fall) back ( fx the crowd drew (el.fell) back), withdraw,F recede ( fx the tide (, the floods) receded);( om enkeltperson) retire ( fx retire to one's room, retire for the night, retire from the world),( flygte) retreat ( fx to one's summer cottage to relax);(fra embede etc) resign ( fx he offered to resign),( gå på pension) retire ( fx from a post),( ved valg: opgive sin kandidatur) stand down;(mil.) fall back ( fx on a fortress),F retire ( fx to prepared positions),T pull out;( under pres) retreat ( fx force the enemy to retreat);[ trække sig ud] withdraw,T pull out,( fortryde) back out ( fx you can't back out now),T cop out;[ trække sig ud af] withdraw from ( fx political life; NATO); back out of( fx the scheme; an undertaking). -
50 exigir
v.1 to demand.exijo saber la respuesta I demand to know the answerexigir algo de o a alguien to demand something from somebodyexigen una licenciatura you need to have a degreeElla demandó ayuda She called for assistance.2 to call for, to require.este trabajo exige mucha concentración this work calls for a lot of concentration3 to be demanding.4 to demand to, to urge to.Exigimos saber el por qué We demand to know why.* * *1 (pedir por derecho) to demand2 (pedir con energía) to insist on, demand3 figurado (necesitar) to require, call for\exigir demasiado to be very demanding* * *verb1) to demand, require2) exact* * *VT1) [persona] [gen] to demand; [+ dimisión] to demand, call forla maestra nos exige demasiado — our teacher is too demanding, our teacher asks too much of us
exigen tres años de experiencia — they're asking for o they require three years' experience
2) [situación, trabajo] to demand, require, call forese puesto exige mucha paciencia — this job demands o requires o calls for a lot of patience
el conflicto exige una pronta solución — the conflict requires o calls for a quick solution
3) Ven (=demandar)exigir algo — to ask for sth, request sth
exigir a algn — to beg sb, plead with sb
4) † [+ impuestos] to exact, levy (a from)* * *verbo transitivoa) <pago/respuesta/disciplina> to demandexigir que + subj: exigió que lo dejaran hablar he demanded to be allowed to speak; exigió que las tropas invasoras se retiraran — he demanded that the invading troops (should) withdraw
b) ( requerir) to call for, demandmi trabajo exige mucha concentración — my job requires o demands great concentration
c) ( esperar de alguien) (+ me/te/le etc)* * *= have + calls for, call for, demand, make + demand, mandate, require, place + demands on, clamour for [clamor, -USA], finger-snapping, exact.Ex. For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.Ex. The other part of the picture reveals title indexes to be only crude subject indexes, which for effective use demand imagination and searching skills on the part of the user.Ex. Also, informative abstracts make greater demands upon appreciation of subject content than indicative abstracts.Ex. Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.Ex. If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.Ex. The latest developments in pharmacology are placing new demands on pharmaceutical libraries especially for information on the field of biopharmacology.Ex. I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.Ex. The stereotype of the decision-maker as a person who does nothig but finger-snapping and button-pushing fades with systematic research and analysis.Ex. Every time the monarch came to parliament to pass a new tax bill, the parliament obliged only after exacting more liberty from him.----* exigir demasiado = overtax.* exigir demasiado a los recursos = stretch + Posesivo + resources.* exigir demasiado de = put + strain on.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* exigir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.* exigir un rescate = ransom.* * *verbo transitivoa) <pago/respuesta/disciplina> to demandexigir que + subj: exigió que lo dejaran hablar he demanded to be allowed to speak; exigió que las tropas invasoras se retiraran — he demanded that the invading troops (should) withdraw
b) ( requerir) to call for, demandmi trabajo exige mucha concentración — my job requires o demands great concentration
c) ( esperar de alguien) (+ me/te/le etc)* * *= have + calls for, call for, demand, make + demand, mandate, require, place + demands on, clamour for [clamor, -USA], finger-snapping, exact.Ex: For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.
Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.Ex: The other part of the picture reveals title indexes to be only crude subject indexes, which for effective use demand imagination and searching skills on the part of the user.Ex: Also, informative abstracts make greater demands upon appreciation of subject content than indicative abstracts.Ex: Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.Ex: If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.Ex: The latest developments in pharmacology are placing new demands on pharmaceutical libraries especially for information on the field of biopharmacology.Ex: I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.Ex: The stereotype of the decision-maker as a person who does nothig but finger-snapping and button-pushing fades with systematic research and analysis.Ex: Every time the monarch came to parliament to pass a new tax bill, the parliament obliged only after exacting more liberty from him.* exigir demasiado = overtax.* exigir demasiado a los recursos = stretch + Posesivo + resources.* exigir demasiado de = put + strain on.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* exigir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.* exigir un rescate = ransom.* * *exigir [I7 ]vt1 ‹pago/indemnización› to demand¡exijo una respuesta! I demand an answer!exigen dos años de experiencia they insist on o require two years' experienceexigir QUE + SUBJ:exigió que lo dejaran hablar he demanded to be allowed to speakexigió que las tropas invasoras se retiraran he demanded that the invading troops (should) withdraw2 (requerir) to call for, demandla situación exige una solución inmediata the situation calls for o demands an immediate solutionun trabajo que exige mucha concentración a job which requires o demands o calls for great concentration3(esperar de algn): le exigen demasiado en ese colegio they ask too much of him at that school* * *
exigir ( conjugate exigir) verbo transitivo
exigir verbo transitivo to demand
' exigir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cobrar
- condición
- fiar
- reclamar
- reivindicar
- requerir
English:
absorb
- call
- call for
- claim
- demand
- exact
- expect
- levy
- necessitate
- need
- press
- ransom
- require
- command
- over
- waive
* * *♦ vt1. [pedir] to demand;exigimos nuestros derechos we demand our rights;exigen una licenciatura you need to have a degree;exijo saber la respuesta I demand to know the answer;¡exijo que venga el encargado! I demand to see the manager!;exigió que estuviera presente su abogado she demanded that her lawyer be present;de tí se exigirá una conducta ejemplar you will be expected to show exemplary behaviour;no le exijas tanto, que acaba de empezar you shouldn't demand so much of him, he's only just started2. [requerir, necesitar] to call for, to require;este trabajo exige mucha concentración this work calls for a lot of concentration;si el guión lo exige if the script requires it♦ vito be demanding* * *v/t1 demand2 ( requirir) call for, demand3:le exigen mucho they ask a lot of him* * *exigir {35} vt1) : to demand, to require2) : to exact, to levy* * *exigir vb1. (pedir) to demand2. (necesitar) to require -
51 служба
1. (работа) post, position, situation, employment, job, work; serviceна държавна служба in a government officeна държавна служба съм work for the government, be a state employee, be in the civil service, be employed as a government official, have a government jobпостъпвам на служба begin/start workingподавам заявление за служба apply for a position/jobвземам/приемам на своя служба take in/accept into o.'s serviceпремествам на друга служба transfer to another job/to other dutiesуволнявам в интереса на службата dismiss on disciplinary grounds2. воен. (military) serviceдействителна служба active service, service with the coloursслужба във войската army serviceбойна/караулна служба field/guard dutyпостъпвам на военна служба enter the service, join upкарам военната си служба do o.'s military service, do national service in the army3. (отделение, бюро) office, bureau, service4. църк. (divine) service5. (предназначение, роля) function, use6. (полза) serviceпоставям в служба на науката и пр. place at the service of science, etc* * *слу̀жба,ж., -и 1. ( работа) post, position, situation, employment, job, work; service; в \службаата ми at my office/work, etc., where I work; заемам \службаа hold office; на държавна \службаа съм work for the government, be a state employee, be in the civil service, be employed as a government official, have a government job; на \службаа in work, employed; на \службаа съм при някого be in s.o.’s employment/employ; на \службаа у (за слуга, агент) in the service/pay of; напускам \службаа leave/resign office; по \службаа on business; подавам заявление за \службаа apply for a position/job; получавам \службаа get a place/post/position; постъпвам на \службаа begin/start working; премествам на друга \службаа transfer to another job/to other duties;2. воен. (military) service; бойна/караулна \службаа field/guard duty; действителна \службаа active service, service with the colours; карам военната си \службаа do o.’s military service, do national service in the army; постъпвам на военна \службаа enter the service, join up; свързочна \службаа signal/communication service; \службаа във войската army service; строева \службаа service with the troops;3. ( отделение, бюро) office, bureau, service; консулска \службаа consular service; \службаа на президента Office of President; \службаа по заетостта employment services;4. църк. (divine) service;5. ( предназначение, роля) function, use;6. ( полза) service; поставям в \службаа на науката и пр. place at the service of science, etc.* * *post (работа); position ; employment ; (отдел): bureau ; service {`sq;rvis} (и църк.); duty ; function ; military service* * *1. (отделение, бюро) office, bureau, service 2. (полза) service 3. (предназначение, роля) function, use 4. (работа) post, position, situation, employment, job, work;service 5. СЛУЖБА във войската army service 6. бойна/ караулна СЛУЖБА field/guard duty 7. вземам/приемам на своя СЛУЖБА take in/accept into o.'s service 8. воен. (military) service 9. действителна СЛУЖБА active service, service with the colours 10. заемам СЛУЖБА hold office 11. карам военната си СЛУЖБА do o.'s military service, do national service in the army 12. на СЛУЖБА in work, employed 13. на СЛУЖБА съм при някого be in s.o.'s employment/employ 14. на СЛУЖБА у (за слуга, агент) in the service/pay of 15. на голяма СЛУЖБА съм hold high office 16. на държавна СЛУЖБА съм work for the government, be a state employee, be in the civil service, be employed as a government official, have a government job 17. на държавнаСЛУЖБА in a government office 18. по СЛУЖБАon business 19. подавам заявление за СЛУЖБА apply for a position/job 20. поставям в СЛУЖБА на науката и пр. place at the service of science, etc 21. постъпвам на СЛУЖБА begin/ start working 22. постъпвам на военнаСЛУЖБА enter the service, join up 23. премествам на друга СЛУЖБА transfer to another job/to other duties 24. свързочна СЛУЖБА signal/ communication service 25. строева СЛУЖБА service with the troops 26. уволнявам в интереса на СЛУЖБАта dismiss on disciplinary grounds 27. цьрк. (divine) service -
52 milizia
f militia* * *milizia s.f.1 (professione delle armi) military life: abbandonare la milizia, to leave military life (o the Army); darsi alla milizia, to join (o to enter) the Army; esercitare la milizia, to serve in the Army (o to soldier)2 (esercito) Army; troops (pl.): milizie mercenarie, mercenary troops; milizie regolari, Regular (o Standing) Army; milizia territoriale, Territorial Army; milizie volontarie, voluntary troops // la milizia celeste, the Heavenly Host // la milizia di Dio, the Army of the Lord3 (fig.) (attività) service: una lunga milizia in un partito, a long service in a party.* * *[mi'littsja]sostantivo femminile (corpo armato) militia** * *milizia/mi'littsja/sostantivo f.(corpo armato) militia*. -
53 pull out
1) (emerge) [car, truck, train] partireto pull out of — lasciare o uscire da [drive, station]
2) (withdraw) ritirarsi (of da)3) (come away) [ drawer] venire via; [component, section] staccarsi; pull [sth.] out, pull out [sth.]5) (take out) tirare fuori [knife, wallet]6) (withdraw) ritirare, richiamare [ troops]* * *1. vt + adv1) (take out: tooth, splinter) togliere, (gun, knife, person) tirare fuori2) (withdraw: troops, police) (far) ritirare2. vi + adv1) (withdraw) ritirarsi2) (leave: train, car) uscire* * *1) (emerge) [car, truck, train] partireto pull out of — lasciare o uscire da [drive, station]
2) (withdraw) ritirarsi (of da)3) (come away) [ drawer] venire via; [component, section] staccarsi; pull [sth.] out, pull out [sth.]5) (take out) tirare fuori [knife, wallet]6) (withdraw) ritirare, richiamare [ troops] -
54 withdraw
1. transitive verb, forms asacademic.ru/22258/draw">draw 1.2. intransitive verb, forms asdraw 1. sich zurückziehen* * *[wið'dro:]past tense - withdrew; verb1) (to (cause to) move back or away: The army withdrew from its position; He withdrew his troops; They withdrew from the competition.) (sich) zurückziehen2) (to take back (something one has said): She withdrew her remarks, and apologized; He later withdrew the charges he'd made against her.) zurücknehmen•- withdrawal- withdrawn* * *with·draw<-drew, -drawn>I. vt1. (remove)▪ to \withdraw sth etw herausziehento \withdraw one's hand seine Hand zurückziehen2. (from bank account)to \withdraw sth [from an account] etw [von einem Konto] abheben3. (take back)▪ to \withdraw sth coins, notes, stamps etw einziehen [o aus dem Verkehr ziehen]; BRIT ECON goods etw zurückrufen▪ to \withdraw sb a team, sportsmen jdn abziehento \withdraw an ambassador einen Botschafter zurückrufento \withdraw forces/troops MIL Streitkräfte/Truppen abziehento \withdraw sb from school jdn von der Schule nehmen4. (cancel)to \withdraw an accusation eine Anschuldigung zurücknehmento \withdraw an action LAW eine Klage zurückziehento \withdraw a charge eine Anklage fallenlassento \withdraw funding seine Zahlungen einstellento \withdraw one's statement LAW seine Aussage zurückziehento \withdraw one's support for sth etw nicht mehr unterstützento \withdraw sth from sb jdm etw entziehenII. vito \withdraw from college vom College abgehento \withdraw from public life sich akk aus dem öffentlichen Leben zurückziehen; esp BRIT SPORT nicht antretento \withdraw from a match zu einem Spiel nicht antretento \withdraw into a fantasy world/oneself sich akk in eine Fantasiewelt/in sich akk selbst zurückziehento \withdraw into silence in Schweigen verfallen5. (practise coitus interruptus) Geschlechtsverkehr unterbrechen* * *[wɪɵ'drɔː] pret withdrew, ptp withdrawn1. vtobject, motion, charge, offer zurückziehen; troops, team also abziehen; ambassador zurückrufen or -beordern; coins, stamps einziehen, aus dem Verkehr ziehen; (from bank) money abheben; words, comment zurücknehmen, widerrufen; privileges entziehen2. visich zurückziehen; (SPORT ALSO) zurücktreten (from von), nicht antreten (from von/bei); (= move away) zurücktreten or -gehento withdraw into oneself — sich in sich (acc) selber zurückziehen
you can't withdraw now (from agreement) — du kannst jetzt nicht zurücktreten or abspringen (inf)
* * *withdraw [wıðˈdrɔː; wıθ-] irrA v/t1. (from) zurückziehen, -nehmen (von, aus):a) wegnehmen, entfernen (von, aus), den Schlüssel etc, auch MIL Truppen abziehen, herausnehmen (aus)b) entziehen (dat)c) einziehend) fig einen Auftrag, eine Aussage etc widerrufen:withdraw a motion einen Antrag zurückziehen, seine Kündigung etc zurücknehmene) ein Produkt vom Markt nehmen:withdraw a charge JUR eine Anklage zurückziehen;withdraw money from circulation WIRTSCH Geld einziehen, aus dem Verkehr ziehen;withdraw o.s. sich zurückziehen;withdraw sb’s permission to do sth jemandem die Erlaubnis entziehen, etwas zu tun;withdraw a remark eine Bemerkung zurücknehmen;withdraw sth from sb jemandem etwas entziehen2. WIRTSCHb) einen Kredit kündigenB v/i1. (from) sich zurückziehen (von, aus):a) sich entfernenc) zurücktreten (von einem Posten, Vertrag etc)d) ausscheiden, -treten (aus einer Gesellschaft etc)e) fig sich distanzieren (von jemandem, einer Sache):2. SPORT auf den Start verzichten* * *1. transitive verb, forms asdraw 1.1) (pull back, retract) zurückziehen2. intransitive verb, forms asdraw 1. sich zurückziehen* * *v.(§ p.,p.p.: withdrew, withdrawn)= ausscheiden v.aussondern v.entziehen v.wegnehmen v.zurück ziehen v.zurückziehen (alt.Rechtschreibung) v. -
55 pull
pull [pʊl]1. nounb. ( = swig) gorgée fa. tirer• to pull sb clear of [+ wreckage, rubble] dégager qn deb. [+ trigger] presser• to pull to bits démolir ; [+ argument, scheme, play, film] (inf) démolir ; [+ person] (inf) éreinter• pull the other one! (inf!) à d'autres !d. [+ muscle, tendon, ligament] se déchirerb. ( = move) the train pulled into/out of the station le train est entré en gare/est sorti de la gare• to pull sharply to the left [car, driver] virer brusquement à gauchec. ( = swig) he pulled at his beer il a bu une gorgée de bière4. compounds► pull-out noun (in magazine) supplément m détachable ; [of troops] retrait m adjective [magazine section] détachablea. ( = pull to pieces) démonter ; ( = break) mettre en pièces• the police pulled the house apart looking for drugs (inf) la police a mis la maison sens dessus dessous pour trouver de la drogue• nationalism was threatening to pull the country apart le nationalisme menaçait de déchirer le paysb. ( = separate) séparerc. ( = criticize) éreinter ; [+ argument, suggestion] démolir[vehicle, train] démarrer( = withdraw) retirer brusquement ( from sb à qn ) ; ( = snatch) arracher ( from sb à qn, des mains de qn)a. [+ blind] baisserb. ( = demolish) démolirc. ( = weaken) affaiblir► pull ina. [+ rope] ramener• to pull sb in (into room, car) faire entrer qn ; (into pool) faire piquer une tête dans l'eau à qn• pull your stomach in! rentre le ventre !b. ( = pick up) (inf) the police pulled him in for questioning la police l'a appréhendé pour l'interroger► pull offa. ( = remove) [+ gloves, shoes, coat, hat] ôter• to pull off the road [vehicle, driver] quitter la route► pull on[+ gloves, coat, cover] enfiler ; [+ shoes, hat] mettre► pull outa. ( = leave) [train, bus] démarrerb. ( = withdraw) se retirerc. ( = change lane) déboîterb. ( = withdraw) [+ troops] retirer[driver] he pulled over to let the ambulance past il s'est garé sur le côté pour laisser passer l'ambulanceb. ( = stop) [+ motorist, car] (inf) forcer à s'arrêterc. ( = topple) he pulled the bookcase over on top of himself il a entraîné la bibliothèque dans sa chute[sick person] s'en sortir[+ rope] faire passer[+ illness] réchapper à ; [+ difficulties, crisis] se sortir de( = cooperate) se serrer les coudesa. ( = join) data exists but it needs pulling together les données existent mais il faut les rassemblerb. to pull o.s. together se ressaisir► pull upa. ( = stop) [vehicle] s'arrêterb. ( = draw level with) he pulled up with the leaders il a rattrapé les premiers• he leaned down from the wall and pulled the child up il s'est penché du haut du mur et a hissé l'enfant jusqu'à luib. [+ weed] arracherc. ( = halt) arrêter* * *[pʊl] 1.1) ( tug) coup m2) ( attraction) lit force f; fig attrait m (of de)3) (colloq) ( influence) influence f (over, with sur)4) (colloq) ( swig) lampée (colloq) f5) (colloq) ( on cigarette etc) bouffée f7) ( snag) ( in sweater) maille f tirée2.transitive verb1) ( tug) tirer [chain, curtain, hair, tail]; tirer sur [cord, rope]to pull a sweater over one's head — ( put on) enfiler un pull-over; ( take off) retirer un pull-over
2) (tug, move) ( towards oneself) tirer ( towards vers); ( by dragging) traîner ( along le long de); ( to show something) entraîner [quelqu'un] par le bras [person]to pull somebody/something through — faire passer quelqu'un/quelque chose par [hole, window]
3) ( draw) gen tirer; [vehicle] tracter4) ( remove)to pull something off — [child, cat] faire tomber quelque chose de
to pull something out of — tirer quelque chose de [pocket, drawer]
to pull somebody out of — retirer quelqu'un de [wreckage]; sortir quelqu'un de [river]
5) (colloq) sortir [gun, knife]6) ( operate) appuyer sur [trigger]; tirer [lever]7) Medicine se faire une élongation à [muscle]8) (steer, guide)9) Sport [golfer, batsman] hookerto pull one's punches — lit retenir ses coups; fig
10) (colloq) GB tirer [pint of beer]11) (colloq) ( attract) attirer12) ( make)3.1) ( tug) tirer (at, on sur)2) (move, resist restraint) tirer (at, on sur)to pull ahead of somebody — [athlete, rally driver] prendre de l'avance sur quelqu'un; [company] avoir de l'avance sur
•Phrasal Verbs:- pull in- pull off- pull out- pull up••pull the other one, (it's got bells on)! — (colloq) à d'autres (mais pas à moi)! (colloq)
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56 turn out
1) (to send away; to make (someone) leave.) echar, expulsar2) (to make or produce: The factory turns out ten finished articles an hour.) producir3) (to empty or clear: I turned out the cupboard.) vaciar4) ((of a crowd) to come out; to get together for a (public) meeting, celebration etc: A large crowd turned out to see the procession.) salir a la calle; asistir, acudir5) (to turn off: Turn out the light!) apagar6) (to happen or prove to be: He turned out to be right; It turned out that he was right.) resultarturn out vb apagarturn out vt1) evict, expel: expulsar, echar, desalojar2) produce: producir3) turn offturn out vi1) : concurrir, presentarsemany turned out to vote: muchos concurrieron a votar2) prove, result: resultarv.• quedar v.1) v + o + adv, v + adv + oa) ( switch off) \<\<light\>\> apagar*b) ( empty) \<\<pockets/cupboard\>\> vaciar*c) ( dress) (usu pass)to be well turned out — ir* or estar* bien vestido
2) v + adv + o ( produce) \<\<goods/films\>\> sacar*, producir*3) v + o + adv, v + adv + oa) ( force to leave) echarto turn somebody out of his/her home — echar or sacar* a alguien de su casa
b) ( tip out) \<\<cake/loaf\>\> desmoldar4) v + adva) ( attend)several thousand turned out to welcome the Pope — varios miles de personas acudieron or fueron/vinieron a recibir al Papa
b) (result, prove)everything turned out well — todo salió or resultó bien
as it o things turned out, nobody called — al final no llamó nadie
1. VI + ADV1) (=appear) aparecer2) (=attend) [troops] presentarse; [doctor] atender3) (=prove) resultarit turned out that... — resultó (ser) que...
4) (=transpire) salirhow are things turning out? — ¿cómo van las cosas?
it turned out well/badly — salió bien/mal
as it turned out, nobody went — al final no fue nadie
it's turned out nice again — [weather] vuelve a hacer bueno
5) (=point outwards)2. VT + ADV1) [+ appliance, light] apagar; [+ gas] cortar2) (=produce) [+ goods] producir3) (=empty) [+ pockets] vaciar; (=tip out) [+ cake] sacar4) (=clean out) [+ room] limpiar5) (=expel) [+ person] expulsar, echarthey turned him out of the house — lo expulsaron or echaron de la casa
6) [+ guard, police] llamar7)to be well turned out — [person] ir elegante or bien vestido
8)* * *1) v + o + adv, v + adv + oa) ( switch off) \<\<light\>\> apagar*b) ( empty) \<\<pockets/cupboard\>\> vaciar*c) ( dress) (usu pass)to be well turned out — ir* or estar* bien vestido
2) v + adv + o ( produce) \<\<goods/films\>\> sacar*, producir*3) v + o + adv, v + adv + oa) ( force to leave) echarto turn somebody out of his/her home — echar or sacar* a alguien de su casa
b) ( tip out) \<\<cake/loaf\>\> desmoldar4) v + adva) ( attend)several thousand turned out to welcome the Pope — varios miles de personas acudieron or fueron/vinieron a recibir al Papa
b) (result, prove)everything turned out well — todo salió or resultó bien
as it o things turned out, nobody called — al final no llamó nadie
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57 evacuate
transitive verb2) (esp. Mil.): (cease to occupy) räumen* * *[i'vækjueit]1) (to leave or withdraw from (a place), especially because of danger: The troops evacuated their position because of the enemy's advance.) verlegen2) (to cause (inhabitants etc) to leave a place, especially because of danger: Children were evacuated from the city to the country during the war.) evakuieren•- academic.ru/25298/evacuation">evacuation* * *evacu·ate[ɪˈvækjueɪt]I. vt1. (in an emergency)▪ to \evacuate sb jdn evakuieren▪ to \evacuate sth building, house etw räumento \evacuate sb from a place jdn aus einem Ort evakuierento \evacuate sb to a place jdn an einen sicheren Ort bringento \evacuate one's bowels seinen Darm entleeren, Stuhlgang haben* * *[I'vkjʊeɪt]1. vt1) (= leave) fort, house räumen3) bowels entleeren2. vi* * *A v/t1. aus-, entleeren:a) → B 2,b) abführen2. a) die Luft etc herauspumpenb) ein Gefäß luftleer pumpen3. a) Personen evakuierenc) Dinge verlagernd) ein Gebiet etc evakuieren, auch ein Haus etc räumen4. fig berauben (of gen)B v/i* * *transitive verb1) (remove from danger, clear of occupants) evakuieren ( from aus)2) (esp. Mil.): (cease to occupy) räumen* * *v.abtransportieren v.auslagern v.ausleeren v.ausräumen v.entleeren v.evakuieren v.herauspumpen v.luftleer pumpen ausdr.räumen v.verlassen v.verlegen v. -
58 desfilar
v.1 to parade (gen) & (military).Los soldados marcharon The soldiers marched.2 to head off, to leave.* * *1 (gen) to march2 MILITAR to march, march past, parade3 (moda) to parade, walk up and down4 familiar (dejarse caer) to pass, drop in* * *verb* * *VI1) (Mil) to parade2) (=pasar) to come, pass bysegún acababan, iban desfilando por la puerta — as they finished, they filtered out of the door
3) [modelo] to model* * *verbo intransitivoa) soldados to paradeb) manifestantes to marchmiles de turistas desfilan cada año por el museo — thousands of tourists pass through the museum every year
c) modelo to parade up and down the catwalkd) ( por la mente) to pass through* * *= parade.Ex. A boy was paraded naked with "I am thief" written on his stomach and back for allegedly stealing a dress from a boutique where he worked.----* hacer desfilar = parade.* * *verbo intransitivoa) soldados to paradeb) manifestantes to marchmiles de turistas desfilan cada año por el museo — thousands of tourists pass through the museum every year
c) modelo to parade up and down the catwalkd) ( por la mente) to pass through* * *= parade.Ex: A boy was paraded naked with "I am thief" written on his stomach and back for allegedly stealing a dress from a boutique where he worked.
* hacer desfilar = parade.* * *desfilar [A1 ]vi1 «soldados» to parade, march pastel regimiento desfiló ante el rey the regiment marched past o paraded before the king2 «manifestantes» to marchel cortejo/la manifestación desfiló por la Avenida de la Independencia the cortege/the demonstration passed along the Avenida de la Independenciamiles de turistas desfilan cada año por el museo thousands of tourists pass through the museum every yearmiles de fans desfilaron ante su tumba thousands of fans filed past her tomb3«modelo»: desfiló con un rutilante vestido de noche she paraded o walked up and down the catwalk in a sparkling evening gown4 (por la mente) to pass through* * *
desfilar ( conjugate desfilar) verbo intransitivo
desfilar verbo intransitivo
1 to march in single file
2 Mil to march past, parade
3 (pasar por un lugar un grupo) to pass [ante, in front of] [por, through]
4 (salir ordenadamente) to file out
' desfilar' also found in these entries:
English:
file
- March
- parade
* * *desfilar vi1. [soldados] to parade, to march past;las tropas desfilaron ante el monarca the troops paraded in front of o marched past the king2. [personas] to file;miles de personas desfilaron ante la tumba del presidente thousands of people filed past the president's tomb;cientos de oficinistas desfilan por esta calle todos los días hundreds of office workers pass along this street every day;por este despacho han desfilado hombres muy ilustres illustrious men have passed through this office;imágenes horrendas desfilaban por su mente horrific images passed through his mind3. [modelos] to parade;desfilar por la pasarela to parade o walk down the catwalk¡vamos, desfilando (de aquí)! come on, out of here!* * *v/i parade* * *desfilar vi: to parade, to march* * *desfilar vb1. (modelos) to parade2. (tropas) to march -
59 hurry
I ['hʌrɪ]nome fretta f., premura f.to be in a hurry — avere fretta ( to do di fare)
there's no hurry — non è urgente, non c'è fretta
II 1. ['hʌrɪ]to do sth. in a hurry — fare qcs. in fretta
1) (do hastily) fare [qcs.] in fretta [meal, task]2) (rush, bustle) fare fretta a [ person]2.to hurry sb. in, out — fare entrare, fare uscire qcn. in fretta
verbo intransitivo affrettarsi, fare in fretta- hurry up* * *1. verb1) (to (cause to) move or act quickly, often too quickly: You'd better hurry if you want to catch that bus; If you hurry me, I'll make mistakes.) sbrigarsi2) (to convey quickly: After the accident, the injured man was hurried to the hospital.) (trasportare d'urgenza)2. noun1) (the act of doing something quickly, often too quickly: In his hurry to leave, he fell and broke his arm.) fretta2) (the need to do something quickly: Is there any hurry for this job?) fretta, urgenza•- hurried- hurriedly
- in a hurry
- hurry up* * *hurry /ˈhʌrɪ/n. [u]fretta; fretta e furia; premura; precipitazione; urgenza: There's no ( great) hurry to go to school, non c'è (tutta questa) fretta d'andare a scuola; to do st. in a big hurry, far qc. di gran fretta; In our hurry to leave, we forgot our tickets, nella fretta di uscire abbiamo dimenticato i biglietti● (fam.) hurry-scurry, (avv.) in fretta e furia; (agg.) frettoloso, precipitoso; (sost.) fretta, precipitazione □ in a hurry, in fretta, di fretta, in fretta e furia, frettolosamente; (con frasi neg. anche) (tanto) facilmente, tanto presto: The article had been written in a hurry and was full of mistakes, l'articolo era stato scritto di fretta (o in fretta e furia) ed era pieno di errori; I won't forget this trip in a hurry, non dimenticherò facilmente questa gita □ to be in a hurry, aver fretta; essere impaziente: Why are you in such a hurry?, perché hai tanta fretta?; He is in a hurry to leave, è impaziente di partire □ to be in no hurry (o not to be in any hurry), non avere fretta; (fam.) non avere desiderio (o voglia: di fare qc.) □ (fam.) sb. won't do (o be doing) st. again in a hurry, q. non ha nessuna intenzione di rifare qc.: I won't be working for him again in a hurry, non ho nessuna intenzione di lavorare di nuovo per lui; se lo scorda che lavorerò di nuovo per lui (fam.) □ What's your [the] hurry?, che fretta hai [c'è]? □ Why the hurry?, che fretta c'è?; perché (tutta) questa fretta?♦ (to) hurry /ˈhʌrɪ/A v. i.affrettarsi; sbrigarsi; far presto; spicciarsi; affannarsi: Don't hurry!, non affannarti!; DIALOGO → - At the station 1- If you hurry you'll catch it, se fai in fretta riesci a prenderlo NOTA D'USO: - go to / go and-B v. t.1 fare (qc.) in fretta; affrettare; sbrigare; accelerare; precipitare; far fretta a (q.); sollecitare; incalzare: He doesn't like to be hurried, non ama essere sollecitato2 mandare (o spedire) in tutta fretta: More troops were hurried to the front, altre truppe sono state mandate al fronte in tutta fretta● to hurry home, andare subito a casa; affrettarsi a rincasare.* * *I ['hʌrɪ]nome fretta f., premura f.to be in a hurry — avere fretta ( to do di fare)
there's no hurry — non è urgente, non c'è fretta
II 1. ['hʌrɪ]to do sth. in a hurry — fare qcs. in fretta
1) (do hastily) fare [qcs.] in fretta [meal, task]2) (rush, bustle) fare fretta a [ person]2.to hurry sb. in, out — fare entrare, fare uscire qcn. in fretta
verbo intransitivo affrettarsi, fare in fretta- hurry up -
60 ГЛАГОЛ
1. ГЛАГОЛ повторяется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность@ делаем и будем делатьМы поддерживали и будем поддерживать прифронтовые государства Африки. –We have always supported the front-line African states. We are continuing to support the front-line African states. We shall continue to support the front-line African states. We shall continue our support ( глагол заменяется существительным) for the front-line African states. @ не делаем и не сделаемРоссия не ослабляет и не ослабит усилий, направленных на то, чтобы отвести от человечества военную угрозу.Russia will not slacken its efforts/will persist in its efforts/will continue its efforts to protect mankind from the threat of war. @ не делали и не делаемПереводится обязательно сложным временем.Мы никогда не искали и не ищем себе выгод – будь то экономические, политические или иные. – We have never sought profits/advantages for ourselves – be they economic, political, or any other kind. @ делали и делаемМы предлагали и предлагаем договориться о полном запрещении ядерного оружия. –We are continuing to propose/continue to propose/continue to favor/we have always favored/always proposed agreement on a total nuclear weapons test ban. @ не сделали и не сделаемНаша страна не допустила и не допустит вмешательства в свои внутренние дела. –Our country has never allowed/will never allow/will continue to prevent/oppose interference in its internal affairs. @ делали и будем делатьМы выступали и будем выступать в их поддержку. -We shall continue to support them. (Лучше чем We have always supported them) @2. ГЛАГОЛ, повторенный через дефисkeep \+ verbЯ иду-иду, уже сил нет, а все еще далеко до места. – I keep/kept on going, but it is/was still a long distance to/far to the place.On I went,/I walked and walked, but… *** Он смотрел-смотрел, никак не мог разглядеть. – He kept on looking but/No matter how he looked he could not make it out.3. передача инфинитива при помощи будущего времениДети есть дети. – Children will be children.4. повелительное наклонениеа) в условном времениПриди я вовремя, ничего бы не случилось. – If I had come in time nothing would have happened.б) для выражения протеста против необходимости выполнять нежелательные действияТебе хорошо с гостями чаи распивать, а я дома сиди. – You’re having fun drinking tea with the guests while/but I’ve got to stay home.Сами гулять пойдете, а я пиши. – You can/go off on your own, I’ve got to write/ I’m stuck with the writing.с) неожиданное или непредвиденное действиеОн меня позвал – я споткнись, чашку разбил. – He called out to me and I stumbled and broke a cup.Дорога ровная – а он возьми и упади. – The road was flat/even when all of a sudden he fell.5. Настоящее время, описывающее серию событий в прошлом, переводится прошедшим.Возвращаюсь я вчера вечером домой, иду по нашей улице, вдруг слышу знакомый голос. – Last night as I was going home, walking down our street, I suddenly heard a familiar voice.6. Настоящее время переводится и настоящим, и будущим.Я уезжаю через неделю, завтра я весь день работаю, а вечером сижу дома. – I’m leaving in a week – tomorrow I’ll work/I’m working all day and in the evening I’ll be home.7. Совершенный вид русских глаголов, выражающих повторное действие, переводится с помощью длительного настоящего времени.Сегодня мне весь день мешают – то кто-нибудь придет, то телефон зазвонит. – I’m being bothered all day – people keep coming in and the phone keeps ringing.8. Описание характерного или привычного поведения человека.Он всегда прибежит, накричит, наскандалит, а потом удивляется, почему его не любят. – He’s always barging in/rushing in screaming/yelling at someone/causing trouble/insulting people/offending people/raising a row and then he wonders why/is surprised that/and then he asks why people don’t like him.9. В разговорных конструкциях прошедшее время от глаголов «пойти» и «поехать» передается будущим временем.Я пошел. – I’m about to leave.Я поехал, буду через два часа. – I’m off/I’ll be going/I’ll be back in two hours.10. Перевод конструкций типа «то, что» «чтобы»a) Сокращение и переосмыслениеСложность этого эксперимента заключается в том, что он требует длительного времени. – The problem with this experiment is that it requires a lot of time.Утешение было только в том, что он уезжал всего на несколько дней. – The only consolation was that he would be away for long/was leaving for only a few days.б) использование деепричастного оборота (это идиоматичнее и короче)Мы начали вечер с того, что предложили всем потанцевать. – We started the party/evening by suggesting/with the suggestion that everyone dance.Он начал с того, что лично познакомился со всеми.- Не began by introducing himself to everyone/by getting personally acquainted with everyone.в) Порой «чтобы» не переводится, и время глагола определяется контекстом:Я не видел, чтобы он чистил зубы. - I didn't see him brush his teeth/I never saw him brush his teeth.Я хочу, чтобы вы меня правильно поняли. - I want you to understand me correctly/to get what I mean.г) to + infinitive вместо довольно неуклюжей конструкции in order to или so as toЯ вернулся с тем, чтобы предупредить вас. - I came back to warn you.Я пришел не с тем, чтобы спорить с вами. - I didn't come to argue with you.д) Иногда можно заменить «чтобы» словами so that:Говори, чтобы все поняли. - Speak so that everyone understands/gets the point.11. Придаточные предложения, которые начинаются с «как» или с «как бы», можно перевести на английский с помощью условного наклонения или деепричастия.Я люблю смотреть, как он выступает. - I like watching him perform/I like to watch him perform/I like watching him performing.Он боялся, как бы не простудиться. - Не was afraid of catching cold/He was afraid he might/could catch cold.12. «He + инфинитив + бы» требует don't или see that X doesn't do Y.He простудиться бы! - Take care/I'll take care not to/See that you don't catch cold.He забыть бы его адрес! - See you don't/take care not to/be sure you don't/I mustn't/I must take care not to forget his address.13. перевод вида глаголаа) Переводчик должен постоянно иметь в виду, что в английском языке используются совершенно разные глаголы для передачи смысла обоих членов одной русской видовой пары, как, например, «сделать» и «делать»Что же делал Бельтов в продолжение этих десяти лет? Все или почти все. Что он сделал? Ничего или почти ничего. -What did Beltov do during these ten years? Everything or almost everything. What did he achieve? Nothing, or almost nothing. уверить — convince решать — try to solve решить — solve. учиться — study научиться — learn отыскивать — look for отыскать — find сдавать экзамен - to take an exam сдать экзамен - to pass an exam поступать в университет - to apply to a university поступить в университет - be admitted/get into a universityб) При переводе глаголов несовершенного вида нельзя не подчеркнуть, что речь идет о попытках говорящего или кого-то другого что-либо сделать.Войска брали крепость целый месяц. - The troops tried for a whole month to take the fortress.Я к нему долго привыкал, но наконец привык. - For a long time I tried to get used to him, and finally did. He оправдывайся! - Don't try to justify yourselfl/Don't try to make excuses!с)Существует также целая категория особых глаголов, у которых несовершенный вид указывает на состояние, которое является результатом завершенного действия и передается совершенным видом.Я «понимаю» is the result of «я понял», and note that English "I understand" translates them both. The formal pair «разобраться/разбираться» are exactly the same; the verb in «я разобрался в этом» is an achievement with the change-of-state meaning characteristic of perfectives, while the verb in «я разбираюсь в этом» signals the state resulting from the achievement. They may both be translated as / understand, but the former means / have figured out (come to understand), while the latter means I understand (as a result of having figured out). These verbs belong to a very large group of perfectives whose change of state is inceptive, whose imperfectives denote the new, resulting state: «понял, понимаю, поверил, верю, понравиться, нравиться».14. Перевод безличных конструкцийа) Во множественном числе третьего лица безличную конструкцию можно переделать в пассивную:Посетителей просят оставить верхнюю одежду в гардеробе. -Visitors are requested/asked to leave/Visitors must leave/check their coats in the coatroom.б) Можно вставить субъект/подлежащее:Об этом часто приходится слышать. - I/he/we/they often hear about this.Чувствовалось, что он доволен. - I/we/they felt/could feel that he was pleased.в) В некоторых контекстах возвратные глаголы переводятся как переходные с добавлением подлежащего:Под вакуумом понимается пространство, не содержащее вещества. - A vacuum is defined as space/By a vacuum we mean space/The definition of a vacuum is space/A vacuum is understood to be space free from/not containing/devoid of matter.В данном случае сложное движение рассматривается как результат двух движений. - In this case complex movement is considered as/considered to be/we see complex movement as/we define complex movement as the result of two movements.г) Когда русское местоимение является дополнением безличных глаголов, то можно переделать в подлежащее/субъект.В ушах звенело, во рту пересохло. - His/my ears were ringing, his/my throat was dry.Меня неудержимо клонило в сон. - I felt an irresistible urge to sleep/I just couldn't stay awake/I felt horribly/terribly/awfully sleepy. Ее потянуло в Париж. - She felt an urge to go to Paris/Paris was calling to her/She felt like going to Paris. Мне жаль мою подругу. - I'm sorry for my girlfriend.15. Перевод причастий@ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРИЧАСТИЕ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ1. переводится на английский глагольной формой на -ing.Девушка, читающая книгу, очень красива - The girl who is reading the book is very pretty.2. переводится с пропуском причастия, т.е. с помощью короткого оборота с предлогом и краткого придаточного предложенияГруппа, имеющая такие блестящие результаты, является гордостью нашего института. - The group with such outstanding results is the pride of our institute.Вопрос, выходящий за рамки данной статьи. - A matter/issue/question beyond the scope of this article.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@ВОЗВРАТНАЯ ЧАСТИЦАобычно переводится оборотом с предлогом:Строящийся завод является одним из новейших в стране. - The factory under construction is one of the newest in the country.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИЙможно выразить просто притяжательной формой:Книга, принадлежащая ей. - Her book.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ1. переводятся с русского языка скорее как прилагательные, чем как причастия.Проводимая страной политика одобряется всем народом. - The policy pursued (not "which is being pursued") by our country has the backing/approval of the entire people.2. в некоторых случаях причастие можно просто опустить:Ясно определились позиции, занимаемые обеими сторонами по таким жизненно важным вопросам. - The positions of both sides on such vitally important questions are now clear.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@16. Перевод деепричастий.а) Прошедшее время из русского языка нередко переходит в английский в качестве деепричастия.Мы видели, как дети купались в реке. We saw the children swimming in the river.б) Деепричастие настоящего времени подчас приходится переводить на английский прошедшим:Раза два в год бывал в Москве и, возвращаясь оттуда, рассказывал об этом. Не would visit/used to visit Moscow a couple of times a year, and after returning home/on his return home tell/would tell about it.в) Деепричастие прошедшего времени в некоторых случаях становится деепричастием и в настоящем:Сев за рояль, она заиграла вальс. - Sitting at the piano, she played a waltz.г) При переводе русских деепричастий бывает необходимым объяснение причинных или временных обстоятельств:Выслушав меня внимательно, вы быстро меня поймете. If you listen to me carefully, you'll understand quickly.Почувствовав голод, они решили обедать без гостей. - Because/since they were hungry, they decided to eat without/without waiting for/the guests. Переехав в собственную квартиру, он стал гораздо более самостоятельным человеком. - When/after he moved to his own apartment he became a lot more independent.д) В описательных деепричастных оборотах можно заменить деепричастие конструкцией «with + имя существительное»:Он сидел, закрыв глаза. - Не sat/was sitting with his eyes closed.«Это очень смешно!» — сказал он, засмеявшись. "That's very funny," he said with a laugh.е) Так называемые «безличные» деепричастия, которые часто встречаются в Русских технических текстах, иногда заменяются существительными или перед ними вставляется предлог.Используя эти данные, можно приближенно предсказать процесс. - Use of this data allows us to make an approximate prediction of the process/By using this data, we can make...Изучая эту таблицу, легко видеть, что... - Study of this table makes it clear that.../In studying this table we clearly see that…17. Сокращение глагольных конструкцийПодчас русское словосочетание выражается одним английским глаголом. Смысл передается при помощи приставки или суффикса en-, un-, -ize, -ate.утверждать то, что оказалось чистейшей чепухой – to talk utter nonsenseрасполагать в алфавитном порядке – to alphabetize заставить грубой силой – to bludgeon приводить в систему, распределять по категориям – list, categorize лишать законной силы – to invalidate выводить из строя – to incapacitate поймать в ловушку – to entrapСловарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ГЛАГОЛ
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