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81 stå

stand

* * *

I.:

[ gå i stå] stop ( fx he stopped in the middle of a sentence; the watch

(, clock) stopped; his heart stopped), come to a standstill ( fx

production (, operations) came to a standstill), come to a stop,

( langsomt) grind to a halt ( fx the train ground to a halt; when the strike began production ground to a halt);

( glemme hvad man skal (, vil) sige, T) get stuck, dry up ( fx he

dried up in the middle of his speech);

( om motor) stop, stall,

T conk out, go on the blink;

[ han er gået åndeligt i stå] he has come to a mental halt; he is

psychologically arrested;

[ sætte i stå] stop, bring ( fx industry) to a standstill.

II. vb (stod, stået)

(mods: sidde, ligge) stand ( fx I have been standing all day), be standing up;

(= være) be ( fx there is a tree in front of the house);

[ stå alene] be alone ( fx I was alone in the world);

[ stå og], se ndf;

[ som sagerne står] as matters stand;

[ stå stille], se II. stille;

[ uret står] the watch (, clock) has stopped;

( finde sted) take place ( fx when will the marriage take place?), be (

fx when is the marriage (to be)? there was a debate about it; there was a battle);

[ brylluppet stod i domkirken] the wedding took place (, F: was solemnized) in the cathedral;

[ brylluppet stod i London] the wedding took place (, F: was celebrated) in London;

[ der stod et slag]

( også) a battle was fought;

[ der står at...]

(i brev etc) it says that...;

[ det står 3-2]

( om sportskamp) the score is 3-2;

[ det står hos Byron, det står i avisen], se ndf;

[ med vb:]

[ sagen står og falder med...] the case stands or falls with...; the case hangs on...;

[ det hele står og falder med ham] it all depends on him; he is the kingpin of the whole undertaking;

[ kom som du står og går] come as you are;

[ det tøj jeg står og går i] the clothes I stand up in;

[ lade noget stå] let something stand,

(= lade det være i fred) leave something alone,

( ikke slette det) leave something in, keep something;

[ lade døren stå] leave the door open;

[ lade skægget stå], se I. skæg;

[ han stod og så på mig] he stood looking (el. and looked) at me;

[ stå og skulle til at] be about to, be on the point of -ing;

[ med sig:]

[ stå sig]

( hævde sig) hold one's own;

[ stå sig godt med] be on good terms with, stand well with;

[ kunne stå sig mod (el. over for) én] be a match for somebody;

[ stå sig ved] serve oneself well (, best) by, profit by;

[ jeg står mig ved at vente]

( også) it pays me to wait;

[ med præp & adv:]

[ stå `af]

(dvs af køretøj) get off,

( af hest, cykel) get off,

F dismount;

(dvs melde fra) opt out ( fx when they began to get violent I opted out);

[ stå af bussen]

(etc) get off the bus (etc);

[ stå af cyklen] get off one's bicycle,

F dismount from one's bicycle;

[ stå bag]

(dvs støtte) stand behind;

(dvs være ophavsmanden) be behind;

[ stå bag én]

(dvs støtte også) back somebody up;

[ det er ham der står bag ved]

(dvs er ophavsmanden) he is the one behind it all, he is the one who pulls the strings;

[ stå én bi] stand by somebody ( fx stand by one's friend),

F aid;

[ lykken står den kække bi] fortune favours the brave;

[ så det står efter] with a vengeance, like anything;

[ stå fast] stand firm;

[ det står fast at] it is an established fact that, the fact remains that;

[ stå fast på] insist on;

[ stå fast ved] stick to;

[ stå ` for] screen somebody (, something) from view,

( om flere) stand round somebody (, something) in a ring;

[` stå for]

( betyde) stand for ( fx what do the letters GATT stand for?),

(mene etc) stand for ( fx I don't know what he stands for),

( lede) be in charge of ( fx the arrangements), manage ( fx the

house);

[ kunne stå for] be able to resist ( fx they made him an offer he could not resist); stand up to ( fx this furniture will stand up to any amount of rough treatment; the theory will not (, did not) stand up to close examination);

[ kunne stå for kritik] be proof against criticism,

(om bog etc) pass muster;

[ hans ansigt står stadig for mig]

(dvs for mit indre blik) his face is still before me (el. still haunts me);

[ hun er ikke til at stå for] she is irresistible;

(se også skud);

[ stå foran] stand in front of;

[ når der står en vokal foran] when preceded by a vowel;

[ stå frem] stand forward,

( rage frem) stand out;

(se også ndf: stå ud);

[ stå frit]

( være uafhængig) be independent,

( have handlefrihed) have a free hand;

[ det står dig frit for] you can do it if you like;

[ det står dig frit for at] you are at liberty to ( fx accept the offer if you wish);

[ det står dig frit for om du vil gøre det eller ej] you can decide for yourself whether you will do it or not;

[ lade det stå hen] leave it open (el. undecided),

F leave it in abeyance;

[ som der står hos Byron] as Byron has it;

[ det står hos Byron] it is in Byron;

[ stå ` hos] stand by;

[ det står i avisen] it is (el. it says so) in the paper;

[ der står i avisen at han er her] it says in the paper (el. the paper says) that he is here;

[ det står i akkusativ] it is in the accusative;

[ aktierne står i pari] the shares are quoted at par;

[ pengene står i en bank] the money is (deposited) in a bank;

[ pengene står i landejendomme] the money is invested in landed property;

[huset stod ham i £50.000] the house cost him £50,000;

(se også blomst, I. fare, forhold, I. lue, I. lære, magt, vej);

[ stå noget igennem] come through something;

[ vi håber hun vil stå det igennem] we hope she will pull through;

[ stå ` imod] resist;

[ få noget (dvs at spise) til at stå imod med] have something to put one on;

[ lægge lidt penge til side til at stå imod med] put a little money away for a rainy day;

[ stå ind mod land] head for the shore;

[ stå inde for] answer for, vouch for,

(se også indestå);

[ stå lige], se III. lige;

[` stå op] stand, be standing up;

[ stå `op] stand up,

( af sengen) get up,

F rise ( fx rise with the sun),

( om solen, månen etc) rise;

[ stå op af døde, stå op fra de døde] rise from the dead;

[ stå op på] get up on ( fx the table),

F mount;

[ få noget op at stå]

(fig) get something off the ground; get something going;

[ få det op at stå]

( også) get the show on the road;

[ stå over]

( overvåge) stand over,

( være højere stillet end) be above,

( være bedre end) be superior to;

[ de der står over ham] his superiors;

[ stå over for] face, stand facing,

F be confronted by ( fx when he left the house he was confronted by a policeman),

(fig, om vanskeligheder etc) face ( fx growing opposition), be faced with ( fx a choice),

F be confronted by ( fx a difficult task);

( kunne se frem til) be able to look forward to ( fx we can now look forward to falling unemployment);

[ stå `på]

( stige ind) get up, get in;

[ barometeret står på regnvejr] the barometer is at rain;

[ den står på bøf hver dag] we (, they) have steak every day;

[ stå på cyklen] get on one's bicycle,

F mount one's bicycle;

[ en plade på hvilken der stod...] a tablet bearing the inscription...; a tablet on which was written...;

[ stå på et tog (, en bus etc)]

(dvs stige ind) get on a train (, bus etc), board a train (, bus etc);

[ termometeret står på 90ø] the thermometer stands at 90ø;

[ viseren står på 3] the hand points to 3;

[ stå på sin ret] stand on one's rights;

[ mens det stod `på] while it lasted, while it was going on;

[ mens forhandlingerne stod `på] during (, F: pending) the negotiations;

[ den side hvor vinden står `på] the windward side, the side exposed to the wind;

[ når solen står `på] when (it is) exposed to the sun;

(se også ben, hoved, pind, vagt);

[ stå sammen] stand together,

T stick together ( fx we must stick together);

[ stå stærkt (, svagt)] be in a strong (, weak) position;

[` stå til]

( passe til) go well with,

( om farver også) match;

[ mit håb står kun til dig] I set all my hopes on you;

[ han står til 4 år] he stands to get 4 years;

[ lade stå ` til]

( tage chancen) chance it,

( opgive ævred) let things slide;

[ hvordan står det til ( med dig, etc)?] how are you (etc)?

T how are you (etc) doing?

[ det står dårligt til] things are not (any) too good;

[ det står dårligt til med ham]

T he is in a bad way;

[ det står dårligt til med økonomien]

(dvs i landet) the economy is in a bad shape;

[ stå til søs (el. havs)] put to sea;

[ det står til ( Deres) disposition] it is at your disposal;

[ det står til dig at gøre det] it is up to you to do it;

[ hvis det stod til ham] if he had his way;

[ han står ikke til at redde] he is past praying for;

(se også regnskab);

[ stå tilbage]

( være til rest) be left,

F remain;

( i udvikling) be backward;

[ stå tilbage for] be inferior to, fall short of;

[ han står ikke tilbage for nogen] he is second to none;

[ stå ud]

(fx af vogn) get out,

( rage frem) stick out,

F project,

( iøjnefaldende) jut out,

F protrude;

[ stå ud af sengen] get out of bed;

[ stå ud fra land]

(mar) stand off the land;

[ stå udenfor]

(fig) have no part in it;

( være holdt ude) be left out;

[ stå under én]

( under éns kommando) be under (the command of) somebody,

( i rang) rank below somebody;

( være ringere end én) be inferior to somebody, be below somebody;

[ stå ved sit løfte] stand by one's promise;

[ han tør stå ved sine meninger] he has the courage of his convictions;

(se også magt, ror).

Danish-English dictionary > stå
82 stand

[stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stati

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) vstati

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stati

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) veljati

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stati

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stati

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) kandidirati

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) postaviti

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) prestati; prenašati

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) dati za
2. noun
1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) položaj

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) stojalo

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) stojnica

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) tribuna

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) prostor za priče

•

- take the stand
- standing 3. noun
1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) trajanje

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) ugled

•

- stand-by
4. adjective
((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) na čakalnem seznamu
5. adverb
(travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) potovati v aranžmaju stand-by

- stand-in
- standing-room
- make someone's hair stand on end
- stand aside
- stand back
- stand by
- stand down
- stand fast/firm
- stand for
- stand in
- stand on one's own two feet
- stand on one's own feet
- stand out
- stand over
- stand up for
- stand up to
* * *
I [stænd]
noun

stanje (na nogah), položaj, mesto; stališče; tribuna, oder; stojnica, začasna prodajalna na trgu; stojalo, mizica, regal, polica; photography stativ; postaja, postajališče, parkirni prostor za taksije; zastoj (tudi figuratively), ustavitev, odpor; theatre gostovanje igralcev, trajanje gostovanja; American (še) nepožeto žito; (še) neposekan gozd; zajezena voda; obsolete garnitura; obsolete dialectal roj (čebel), history krdelo (vojakov); juridically American prostor za priče

a stand of arms — popolna oprema z orožjem za vojaka, puška s priborom

stand of colours — polkovna zastava

band-stand — paviljon za godbo

a bold stand — junaški odpor

book-stand — stojnica, kiosk za prodajo knjig

cab-stand — postajališče taksijev ali kočij

cruet-stand — steklenički za olje in kis

flower-stand — stojalo za cvetlice

fruit-stand — stojnica za prodajo sadja na trgu

grand stand — uradna (glavna) tribuna (na tekmah, dirkah itd.)

hat-stand — polica (obešalnik) za klobuk

ink-stand — tintnik

news stand American kiosk za prodajo časopisov

one-night stand theatre enkratno (igralsko) gostovanje

umbrella-stand — stojalo za dežnike

wash-stand — umivalnik

to be at a stand obsolete odreveneti, obstrmeti (od začudenja), biti zbegan, zmeden

there is a cabstand in this street — v tej ulici je parkirni prostor za taksije

to be brought (to come) to a stand — ustaviti se, zastati, obstati

we were brought to a stand by a deep river — zaustavila nas je globoka reka

to bring to a stand — (za)ustaviti, privesti do ustavitve, do zastoja

to make a stand — upirati se, ustavljati se (čemu)

the enamy made a good stand against our attack — sovražnik je nudil krepak odpor našemu napadu

to take stand in a debate — zavzeti stališče v debati

he took his stand near the door — zavzel je mesto (postavil se je) poleg vrat

he took his stand on the letter figuratively oprl, skliceval se je na pismo

to take the stand American juridically nastopiti kot priča, potrditi s prisego (on s.th. kaj)
II [stænd]
1.

intransitive verb

stati (na nogah itd.); dosegati stalno višino v stoječem položaju; postaviti se pokonci; biti nameščen, ležati, biti, nahajati se; stati na mestu, nehati se premikati, (za)ustaviti se; ostati brez sprememb, veljati tudi vnaprej, ne izgubiti moči (veljave); zadržati, obdržati svoj dosedanji položaj; zavzemati se ( for za); zagovarjati ( for kaj); zavzemati stanoviten odnos do česa; nasprotovati ( against čemu), upirati se; vztrajati, vzdržati, ostajati; oklevati, bati se (at česa), ustrašiti se; sestajati (in iz); skladati se, biti v skladu ( with z); kandidirati, biti kandidat ( for za); nabrati se, zbrati se; (za)pihati, pri(haja)ti (o vetru); colloquially stati, veljati; biti v prid (komu), koristiti; nautical pluti, držati se določene smeri (for, to proti); stopiti ( back nazaj)

stand! — stoj!

stand at ease! military voljno!

stand fast! military British English mirno!, military American vod, stoj!

to stand aghast — zgroziti se, osupniti

to stand alone (on an opinion) — (o)stati sam (s svojim mnenjem)

to stand against s.o. — postaviti se proti, uveljaviti se proti komu

to stand accused — biti obtožen

to stand at attention military stati v pozoru

we stand by each other — drživa skupaj

to stand by one's promise — držati svojo obljubo

we will stand by whatever he says — z vsem, kar bo rekel, bomo soglašali

to stand corrected — uvideti, priznati svojo krivdo

to stand firm as a rock — stati trdno kot skala

he stands six feet in his stockings — sezut meri v višino (je visok) šest čevljev

to stand for an office — potegovati se za (neko) službo

to stand for a constituency — kandidirati za poslanca nekega volilnega okrožja

to stand for birth control — zavzemati se za kontrolo rojstev (za načrtovanje družine)

I won't stand for this American tega ne bom trpel (prenašal)

to stand for s.o. (with s.o.) — potegniti se za koga, potegniti s kom

to stand gaping — stati in zijati, zijala prodajati

to stand gasping — stati in sopsti

to stand good — ostati veljaven, obdržati svojo veljavo (vrednost)

my hair stood on end — lasje so se mi naježili

to stand in line American stati in čakati v vrsti

to stand in need of help — potrebovati pomoč

to stand in terror of s.o. — bati se koga

to stand model — stati (biti) za modél

it stands me in 8 shillings a bottle colloquially steklenica me stane 8 šilingov

to stand neutral — biti, ostati nevtralen

the same objection still stands — ta ugovor še vedno obstaja

he will not stand at murder — on se ne bo ustavil pred umorom

to stand on one's head — držati stojo na glavi

to stand on guard — paziti se

don't stand on ceremony — ne delaj ceremonij

to stand on ceremony — paziti (gledati) na etiketo, ceremonialno se obnašati

to stand on one's own feet — stati na lastnih nogah, figuratively opravljati svoje zadeve brez tuje pomoči

to stand on one's rights — mnogo dati na svoje pravice

stand on me for that slang zanesi se name glede tega!

she stands over the girl while she does her homework — ona pazi na (nadzira) deklico, ko dela domačo nalogo

to stand pat slang ostati trden

to stand the racket slang plačati ceno, globo

to stand security (surety, sponsor) for s.o. — biti porok, jamčiti za koga

to stand (as) sponsor (godfather) — biti za botra

to stand still — mirovati, ostati miren, ustaviti se

the thermometer stands at 30 — barometer kaže 30

to stand to one's duty — (vestno) opravljati svojo dolžnost

to stand to one's guns (one's colours) figuratively trdno vztrajati pri svojem (prepričanju, mnenju), military držati postojanko

to stand to one's oars — pošteno, krepko zaveslati

to stand to reason — biti čisto razumljiv (logičen)

with this horse we certainly stand to win (to lose) — s tem konjem moremo le zmagati (izgubiti)

to stand to it that... — vztrajati na tem, da...

to stand upon one's trial juridically stati, biti pred sodiščem

to stand (a) watch nautical , to stand guard military biti na straži

to stand well with s.o. — dobro se razumeti (shajati) s kom

the wind stands in the east — veter piha z vzhoda

if it stands with honour — če se sklada s častjo;

2.

transitive verb

postaviti; ustaviti; zoperstaviti se, upirati se (čemu); prenašati, prenesti, trpeti (koga, kaj); podvreči se, prestati; colloquially dati (plačati) za; stati (biti) pred (čem)

to stand an assault — vzdržati, upreti se napadu

I shall stand you in the corner — (za kazen) te bom postavil v kot

I don't stand pain — ne prenesem bolečine

I can't stand him — ne morem ga trpeti

she cannot stand the sun — ona ne prenese sonca

to stand a drink colloquially dati za pijačo

to stand a chance — imeti možnost (priliko, priložnost, upanje, šanso)

to stand one's chance — tvegati

to stand all hazards — vse tvegati

to stand the test — prestati preizkušnjo, izkazati se, obnesti se

to stand trial — biti obtožen

to stand one's trial — biti zaslišan pred sodiščcm;

English-Slovenian dictionary > stand
83 tell

1. transitive verb,
told

1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

tell somebody the way to the station — jemandem den Weg zum Bahnhof beschreiben

tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

I'll tell you what I'll do — weißt du, was ich machen werde?

tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

be told something by somebody — etwas von jemandem erfahren

I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

3) (instruct) sagen

tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

do as you are told — tu, was man dir sagt

4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

5) (distinguish) unterscheiden

6) (utter) sagen

7)

all told — insgesamt
2. intransitive verb,
told

1) (determine)

how can you tell? — wie kann man das feststellen od. wissen?

it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

you never can tell — man kann nie wissen

who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)

tell of something — von etwas Zeugnis geben od. ablegen

3) (reveal secret) es verraten

time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/112844/tell_apart">tell apart

- tell off

- tell on

* * *
[tel]
verb

1) (to inform or give information to (a person) about (something): He told the whole story to John; He told John about it.) erzählen

2) (to order or command; to suggest or warn: I told him to go away.) befehlen

3) (to say or express in words: to tell lies / the truth / a story.) sagen

4) (to distinguish; to see (a difference); to know or decide: Can you tell the difference between them?; I can't tell one from the other; You can tell if the meat is cooked by/from the colour.) unterscheiden

5) (to give away a secret: You mustn't tell or we'll get into trouble.) verraten

6) (to be effective; to be seen to give (good) results: Good teaching will always tell.) sich auswirken

•

- teller
- telling
- tellingly
- telltale
- I told you so
- tell off
- tell on
- tell tales
- tell the time
- there's no telling
- you never can tell
* * *

tell

[tel]

I. vt

<told, told>

1. (say, communicate)

▪ to \tell sth etw sagen

to \tell a lie lügen

to \tell the truth die Wahrheit sagen

to \tell it like it is ( fam) es [ganz] offen sagen

▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen; (relate, explain) jdm etw erzählen

to \tell [you] the truth... ehrlich gesagt...

can you \tell me the way to the station? können Sie mir sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?

“I'm leaving you”, she told him „ich verlasse dich“, sagte sie [zu ihm]

don't \tell me! I want it to be a surprise sag es mir nicht! es soll eine Überraschung sein

to \tell sb a secret (confide) jdm ein Geheimnis anvertrauen; (give away) jdm ein Geheimnis verraten

▪ to \tell sb that... jdm sagen, dass...; (relate also) jdm erzählen, dass

did you \tell anyone [that] you were coming to see me? hast du irgendjemandem erzählt [o gesagt], dass du mich besuchen wolltest?

2. (assure)

▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen

what did I \tell you? ( fam) das hab' ich doch gleich gesagt! fam

didn't I \tell you? habe ich es dir nicht gleich gesagt?

I told you so ( fam) ich habe es [dir] ja gleich gesagt

you're \telling me! ( fam) wem sagst du das!

I won't go, I \tell you! ich sage [o versichere] dir, ich werde nicht gehen!

the suitcase was heavy, I can \tell you ( fam) ich kann dir sagen, der Koffer war vielleicht schwer!

let me \tell you [that] it wasn't easy lass dir von mir gesagt sein [o ich kann dir sagen], es war nicht leicht!

I cannot \tell you how much I love you! ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich dich liebe!

3. (narrate, relate)

▪ to \tell sth etw erzählen

to \tell an anecdote eine Anekdote wiedergeben

to \tell a joke einen Witz erzählen

▪ to \tell sth to sb jdm etw erzählen

4. (give account)

▪ to \tell sb about [or ( form) of] sth/about sb jdm von etw/jdm erzählen

don't you want to \tell me about what happened? möchtest du mir nicht erzählen, was passiert ist?

she's told me a lot/everything about her time in Berlin sie hat mir viel/alles über ihre Zeit in Berlin erzählt

I am sure she's told you a lot about me ich bin sicher, sie hat dir schon viel über mich erzählt

5. (command, instruct)

▪ to \tell sb to do sth jdm sagen, dass er/sie etw tun soll

\tell him to leave me alone sag ihm, er soll mich in Ruhe lassen fam

I was told not to talk to strangers ich soll nicht mit Fremden reden

do as you're told! ( fam) mach, was man dir sagt! fam

I won't \tell you again - go to bed! ich sag's nicht noch mal - ab ins Bett!

he wouldn't be told er wollte sich nichts sagen lassen

6. (discern)

▪ to \tell sth/sb etw/jdn erkennen; (notice)

▪ to \tell sth etw [be]merken

▪ to \tell sth (know) etw wissen; (determine) etw feststellen

I could \tell [that] you were unhappy ich habe gemerkt, dass du unglücklich warst

I couldn't \tell much from her words ihren Worten war nicht viel zu entnehmen

it was too dark for me to \tell what it said on the sign in der Dunkelheit konnte ich nicht erkennen, was auf dem Schild stand

it's easy to \tell a non-native speaker einen Nichtmuttersprachler kann man leicht erkennen

it's easy to \tell a blackbird by [or from] its song es ist leicht, eine Amsel an ihrem Gesang zu erkennen

to \tell the difference einen Unterschied feststellen

to \tell sth by ear etw mit dem Gehör feststellen

to \tell the time die Uhr lesen

can your son \tell the time yet? kann dein Sohn schon die Uhr lesen?, kennt dein Sohn schon die Uhr?

▪ to \tell sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden

to \tell right from wrong Recht und Unrecht unterscheiden

I cannot \tell what it is ich kann nicht mit Bestimmtheit sagen, was es ist

so [or as] far as I can \tell she's still in London soweit ich weiß, ist sie noch in London

how could I \tell [that]? woher [o wie] sollte ich das [denn] wissen?

he's Dutch — how can you \tell? er ist Holländer — woher willst du das wissen?

there is no \telling what the future will bring man weiß nie [o wer weiß schon], was die Zukunft bringt

who can \tell? wer weiß das schon?

you can never [or never can] \tell man kann nie wissen

to \tell fortunes wahrsagen

to \tell sb's fortune jds Zukunft vorhersagen

7. (count)

to \tell one's beads den Rosenkranz beten

to \tell the votes die Stimmen auszählen

8.

▶ \tell me another [one] ( fam) wer's glaubt, wird selig fam

▶ to \tell tales [out of school] aus dem Nähkästchen plaudern hum fam

II. vi

<told, told>

1. ( liter: give account, narrate)

▪ to \tell of sb/sth von jdm/etw erzählen

2. ( fig: indicate)

her face told of her anger aus ihrem Gesicht sprach Zorn

3. (inform)

▪ to \tell on sb jdn verraten [o sl verpetzen

4. (have an effect or impact) sich bemerkbar machen; blow, punch, word sitzen

the boxer made every punch \tell bei dem Boxer saß jeder Schlag

▪ to \tell on sb/sth erkennbare Auswirkungen auf jdn/etw haben

age has really told on him er ist ganz schön gealtert

you look tired, these exercises really told on you du siehst müde aus, diese Übungen haben dich sichtlich geschafft fam

all the stress began to \tell on my health der ganze Stress wirkte sich allmählich auf meine Gesundheit aus

5. BRIT ( form: reflect unfavourably on)

▪ to \tell against sb sich nachteilig für jdn auswirken

his reputation as a troublemaker told against him when they decided on who should be promoted sein Ruf als Unruhestifter sprach gegen ihn als es um die Entscheidung ging, wer befördert werden sollte

* * *
[tel] pret, ptp told
1. vt

1) (= relate) story, experiences, adventures erzählen (sb sth, sth to sb jdm etw acc); (= inform, say, announce) sagen (sb sth jdm etw acc)

to tell lies — lügen

to tell tales — petzen (inf)

to tell fortunes — wahrsagen

to tell sb's fortune — jdm wahrsagen, jdm die Zukunft deuten

to tell the future — wahrsagen, die Zukunft deuten

to tell sb a secret — jdm ein Geheimnis anvertrauen or (give away) verraten

to tell sb about or of sth — jdm von etw erzählen

I told my friend/boss about what had happened — ich erzählte meinem Freund/berichtete meinem Chef, was geschehen war

... or so I've been told —... so hat man es mir jedenfalls gesagt or erzählt

I can't tell you how pleased I am — ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich mich freue

to tell sb the way — jdm den Weg sagen

could you tell me the way to the station, please? — könn(t)en Sir mir bitte sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?

don't let me have to tell you that again — ich will dir das nicht noch einmal sagen müssen

(I'll) tell you what, let's go to the cinema — weißt du was, gehen wir doch ins Kino!

don't tell me you can't come! — sagen Sie bloß nicht, dass Sie nicht kommen können!

I won't do it, I tell you! — und ich sage dir, das mache ich nicht!

let me tell you that... —

it was cold, I can tell you — ich kann dir sagen, das war vielleicht kalt!

I told you so — ich habe es (dir) ja gesagt

tell me another! — nicht möglich!, wers glaubt!

that tells me all I need to know — das sagt mir alles

that tells me a lot — das sagt mir allerlei

2) (= distinguish, discern) erkennen

to tell the time — die Uhr kennen

to tell the time by the sun — die Zeit an der Sonne ablesen

to tell the difference — den Unterschied sehen/fühlen/schmecken etc

you can tell that he's clever/getting worried —

we couldn't tell much from his letter — wir konnten aus seinem Brief nicht viel entnehmen

you can't tell whether it's moving — man kann nicht sagen or sehen, ob es sich bewegt

I couldn't tell if he had been in a fight or had just fallen — ich hätte nicht sagen können, ob er in einem Kampf verwickelt oder nur hingefallen war

it was impossible to tell where the bullet had entered — es war unmöglich festzustellen, wo die Kugel eingetreten war

to tell sb/sth by sth — jdn/etw an etw (dat) erkennen

I can't tell butter from margarine — ich kann Butter nicht von Margarine unterscheiden

to tell right from wrong — wissen, was Recht und Unrecht ist, Recht von Unrecht unterscheiden

See:

→ apart

3) (= know, be sure) wissen

how can I tell that? — wie soll ich das wissen?

how could I tell that? — wie hätte ich das wissen können?

how can I tell that he will do it? — wie kann ich sicher sein, dass er es tut?

4) (= order) sagen (sb jdm)

we were told to bring sandwiches with us — es wurde uns gesagt, dass wir belegte Brote mitbringen sollten

tell him to stop singing — sagen Sie ihm, er soll aufhören zu singen

don't you tell me what to do! —

I told you not to do that — ich habe dir doch gesagt, du sollst das nicht tun!

do as or what you are told! — tu, was man dir sagt!

5) (old

= count) to tell one's beads — den Rosenkranz beten

2. vi +indir obj
es sagen (+dat)
I won't tell you again — ich sage es dir nicht noch einmal

you know what? – don't tell me, let me guess — weißt du was? – sags mir nicht, lass mich raten

she wouldn't be told — sie hat sich (ja) nichts sagen lassen

you're telling me! — das kann man wohl sagen!, wem sagen Sie das!

3. vi

1) (= discern, be sure) wissen

as or so far as one can tell — soweit man weiß

who can tell? — wer weiß?

how will I be able to tell? — wie kann ich das erkennen or wissen?

no-one can/could tell — niemand kann/konnte das sagen, das weiß/wusste keiner

you never can tell, you can never tell — man kann nie wissen

2) (= talk, tell tales of) sprechen

his face told of his sorrow — aus seinem Gesicht sprach Kummer

that would be telling! — das kann ich nicht verraten

promise you won't tell — du musst versprechen, dass du nichts sagst

3) (= have effect) sich bemerkbar machen

his age told against him (in applying for job) (in competition) character always tells in the end — sein Alter war ein Nachteil für ihn sein Alter machte sich bemerkbar zum Schluss schlägt doch die Veranlagung durch

a boxer who makes every punch tell — ein Boxer, bei dem jeder Schlag sitzt

* * *

tell [tel] prät und pperf told [təʊld]

A v/t

1. jemandem etwas sagen, erzählen:

without telling anybody ohne es jemandem zu sagen;

you didn’t tell me das hast du mir gar nicht erzählt;

I’ll tell you later das erzähl ich dir später;

I (can) tell you that … ich kann Ihnen versichern, dass …;

I (just) can’t tell you how … ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie …;

I have been told mir ist gesagt worden;

you’re telling me! umg wem sagen Sie das?;

tell the world umg (es) hinausposaunen; → another 2, so¹ A 5 a

2. eine Geschichte etc erzählen

3. mitteilen, berichten, sagen, nennen:

tell one’s name seinen Namen nennen;

tell the reason den Grund angeben;

tell the time die Zeit anzeigen (Uhr);

all told insgesamt, zusammen; → lie¹ A, truth 1

4. mit Worten ausdrücken:

I cannot tell my grief

5. ein Geheimnis etc verraten

6. (mit Bestimmtheit) sagen:

it is difficult to tell es ist schwer zu sagen;

there is no telling what … es lässt sich nicht sagen, was …

7. erkennen (by, from an dat):

I cannot tell who that person is ich kann nicht feststellen oder sagen, wer diese Person ist;

tell by (the) ear mit dem Gehör feststellen, hören

8. unterscheiden ( one from the other eines vom andern):

tell apart, tell the difference between auseinanderhalten

9. sagen, befehlen:

tell sb to do sth jemandem sagen, er solle etwas tun;

do as you are told tu, was ich gesagt habe

10. (ab-)zählen:

tell the votes PARL die Stimmen zählen; → bead A 2

11. tell off

a) MIL abkommandieren ( for zu),

b) umg jemanden rüffeln ( for wegen; for doing sth weil er etwas getan hat)

B v/i

1. berichten, erzählen ( beide:

of von;

about über akk)

2. (of) ein Zeichen oder Beweis sein (für, von), beweisen (akk), verraten (akk)

3. erkennen, wissen:

how can you tell? wie können Sie das wissen oder sagen?;

you never can tell man kann nie wissen

4. umg petzen:

tell on sb jemanden verraten oder verpetzen;

don’t tell! nicht(s) verraten!

5. wirken, sich auswirken ( beide:

on bei, auf akk):

every blow (word) tells jeder Schlag (jedes Wort) sitzt;

the hard work began to tell on him die harte Arbeit hinterließ allmählich ihre Spuren bei ihm oder machte sich bei ihm bemerkbar;

his troubles have told on him seine Sorgen haben ihn sichtlich mitgenommen;

that tells against you das spricht gegen Sie

6. anschlagen (das Gewicht erhöhen) ( with bei)

7. sich (deutlich) abheben ( against gegen, von), (deutlich) hervortreten, zur Geltung kommen

* * *
1. transitive verb,
told

1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

tell somebody the way to the station — jemandem den Weg zum Bahnhof beschreiben

tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

I'll tell you what I'll do — weißt du, was ich machen werde?

tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

be told something by somebody — etwas von jemandem erfahren

I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

3) (instruct) sagen

tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

do as you are told — tu, was man dir sagt

4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

5) (distinguish) unterscheiden

6) (utter) sagen

7)

all told — insgesamt
2. intransitive verb,
told

1) (determine)

how can you tell? — wie kann man das feststellen od. wissen?

it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

you never can tell — man kann nie wissen

who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)

tell of something — von etwas Zeugnis geben od. ablegen

3) (reveal secret) es verraten

time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

Phrasal Verbs:

- tell apart

- tell off

- tell on

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: told)

= berichten v.

erzählen v.

sagen v.

English-german dictionary > tell
84 show

[ʃəu] 1. гл.; прош. вр. showed; прич. прош. вр. shown; showed
1) показывать

He showed me the pictures of his family. — Он показал мне фотографии своей семьи.

I've got a new toy I want to show you. — У меня есть новая игрушка, которую я хочу тебе показать.

2) показывать, выявлять, устанавливать

The survey showed that up to 90 per cent of big UK employers use part-time and temporary workers. — Опрос показал, что до 90 процентов крупных работодателей в Соединённом Королевстве используют совместителей и временных работников.

These are important figures which show clearly what has been happening in the UK labour market. — Это важные цифры, которые ясно показывают, что происходит в последнее время на рынке рабочей силы в Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.

3) показывать, объяснять; учить

He showed us how to lasso. — Он показал нам, как нужно ловить арканом.

4) показывать, указывать

Many people showed us marks on walls where the waters reached. — Многие показывали нам отметки на стенах, которые оставила вода.

5) показывать ( путь), провожать, сопровождать

to show smb. round / around — сопровождать кого-л. во время осмотра

He let me in and showed me the way to the sitting room. — Он впустил меня в дом и проводил в гостиную.

He showed us to our seats. — Он проводил нас на наши места.

I'll show you out. — Я вас провожу (к выходу).

Ella showed her around the town. — Эльза показала ей местные достопримечательности.

During her visit to Bangladesh in 1983 Her Majesty was shown around a children's clinic. — Во время визита в Бангладеш в 1983 Её Величество осмотрела детскую клинику.

Show the doctor up when he comes. — Проводите доктора наверх, когда он придёт.

6)

а) проявлять, выказывать ( эмоции)

The enemy showed no mercy. — Враги были беспощадны.

Iran is showing its displeasure. — Иран выражает недовольство.

If he was bitter, it did not show. — Возможно он обиделся, но не показывал виду.

Could he not show patience? — Разве он не мог проявить терпение?

The world is showing concern over the invasion. — Мировое сообщество выражает озабоченность по поводу вторжения.

The US showed its own goodwill by undertaking to withdraw their troops. — США продемонстрировали со своей стороны добрую волю, взяв обязательство вывести свои войска.

б) проявляться, появляться (на лице; о негативных эмоциях)

He was upset but never let it show. — Он был расстроен, но не показывал виду.

Your grief is showing. — Ваше горе не скроешь.

The fear they felt showed clearly in their faces. — Страх, который они чувствовали, был написан у них на лице.

7) ( show oneself)

а) проявлять себя, оказываться

to show oneself a coward — оказаться трусом

He showed himself a harsh ruler. — Он оказался суровым правителем.

He has shown himself willing to participate in the debate. — Он выразил желание принять участие в дебатах.

Panic can show itself in many different ways. — Паника может проявляться по разному.

Tact also shows itself in respecting what others hold dear. — Тактичность также проявляется в уважении к тому, что дорого другим.

б) показываться на публике

8)

а) показывать, обнаруживать, выделять

to show the signs of smth. — обнаруживать признаки чего-л.

to show profit / loss — быть прибыльным, убыточным

The bodies showed the signs of torture. — На телах были обнаружены следы пыток.

The suit was showing the signs of wear. — Костюм выглядел поношенным.

White carpet showed every mark. — На белом ковре было заметно каждое пятно.

Сorporate America is showing the signs of recovery. — Появились признаки того, что американские корпорации выходят из кризиса.

Two animals are thought to be incubating the disease but not showing symptoms. — Полагают, что у двух животных болезнь находится в инкубационном периоде, поэтому симптомы пока не заметны.

The sector was showing only 0.5 per cent growth. — Рост в этом секторе составляет всего лишь 0,5%.

The construction sector showed the biggest losses. — Строительный сектор понёс самые большие убытки.

б) выделяться, виднеться, обнаруживаться

Don't worry, the stain will never show. — Не переживайте, пятно будет незаметно.

My dandruff is showing. — Перхоть у меня на волосах - заметна.

Then hammer them in so that only the top 6 inches (15cm) is showing. — А затем вбейте их так, чтобы виднелась только верхушка – 6 дюймов (15 см).

Mike was in the water, his red life-jacket showing clearly. — Майк был в воде, его красный спасательный жилет был хорошо заметен.

9) = show through проступать, быть заметным; просвечивать

The bra showed through (the blouse). — Бюстгальтер просвечивал (через блузку).

The old dog was so thin that his bones showed through (his skin). — Старая собака была такой тощей, что сквозь кожу проступали кости.

She spoke near-perfect American, though occasionally her native Welsh accent showed through. — Она говорила на американском английском почти идеально, её родной валлийский акцент проскальзывал лишь иногда.

10) показывать, предъявлять ( документ)

I showed my driver's license to the policeman. — Я показал полцейскому свои права.

11)

а) показывать, отмечать, регистрировать ( о приборе)

The luminous dial on the clock showed five minutes to seven. — Светящийся циферблат часов показывал, что сейчас без пяти семь.

б) отмечаться, регистрироваться ( прибором), виднеться ( на экране)

My test score showed on the screen. — На экране появился результат моего теста (сколько очков я набрала).

12) показывать, изображать

The photo shows the American and Soviet leaders standing side by side on the lawn of the White House. — На фото изображены лидеры США и СССР, стоящие рядом на лужайке перед Белым домом.

13)

а) показывать, играть, давать (пьесу, фильм)

William showed us the video of his wedding. — Вильям показал нам видео своей свадьбы.

Most cinemas will not show NC-17 films. — Большинство кинотеатров отказываются демонстрировать фильмы категории "Эн-Си-17" (зрители до 17 лет не допускаются).

It was the first film shown at Radio City Music Hall. — Это был первый фильм, который показали в киноконцертном зале "Рэдио-сити".

б) идти (о пьесе, фильме)

There's J.B. Priestley's classic drama showing at the Garrick Theatre. — В театре «Гаррик» идёт классическая драма Джона Бойтона Пристли.

14)

а) выставлять; предлагать для продажи

The Royal Academy is showing Pissarro. — В Королевской академии искусств идёт выставка работ французского художника Камиля Писсаро.

б) выставляться; предлагаться для продажи

An exhibition of paintings and charcoal drawings by Georgia O'Keeffe is showing at the Hayward Gallery. — В галерее Хейуарда идёт выставка Джорджии О'Киф: картины и графика.

15) = show up появляться, приходить

He failed to show for the opening game of the season. — Он не появился на игре, открывшей сезон.

16) юр. представлять

to show cause — представлять основания

17) амер. финишировать третьим или одним из первых трёх ( о лошади на скачках)

18) зарегистрировать ( лошадь) для участия в соревнованиях

19) брит.; разг. быть на последних сроках беременности

•

- show off
- show up
••

to show the way — показать пример

to show (smb.) a clean pair of heels — дать стрекоча, дать тягу, улепётывать

to show smb. who's boss — показать, кто главный

to show one's teeth — показать зубы

to show promise — подавать надежды, свидетельствовать о таланте

to show smb. the ropes — ввести кого-л. в курс дела

to show one's true colours — показать своё настоящее лицо

- show one's hand
- show a leg
- show smb. the door
- show one's face 2. сущ.
1)

а) спектакль; шоу, представление; показ; выставка

air show — авиасалон

fashion show — показ мод

dog show — выставка собак

cat show — выставка кошек

flower show — выставка цветов

horse show — выставка лошадей, конноспортивный праздник

motor / auto show — автосалон, автомобильный салон; автомобильная выставка

ice show — эстрадное представление на льду; балет на льду, ревю

trade show — торговая ярмарка

strip show — стриптиз

variety show — варьете, эстрадное представление, эстрадный концерт

minstrel show амер. — шоу менестрелей (жанр развлекательных представлений, распространённый в середине 19 века)

sound-and-light show — светозвуковой спектакль

dog-and-pony show амер.; уст. — цирк-шапито

to be on show — выставляться

to direct a show — руководить постановкой спектакля

to do / produce / put on / stage a show — ставить спектакль

to see / watch a show — смотреть спектакль

to sponsor a show — спонсировать спектакль

to steal the show — переиграть всех актёров ( в данном спектакле)

Let's go to a show. — Пойдёмте в театр.

I enjoyed the show immensely. — Мне очень понравился спектакль.

The show starts at 7.30 p.m. — Представление начинается в половине восьмого вечера.

б) телевизионная или радио программа

chat show брит. / talk show амер. — тлв. ток-шоу

game show — телеигра, телевизионная игра

в) киносеанс

2)

а) показ, показывание, демонстрация

to make a show of strength — демонстрировать силу

She was frightened by any show of affection. — Любые знаки внимания отпугивали её.

Syn:

display, manifestation

б) видимость, притворство

only a show of kindness / regret — только видимость доброго отношения, сожаления

I made a show of believing her. — Я сделал вид, что верю ей.

He was making a show of working while actually doing very little. — Он изображал, что работает, хотя в действительности почти ничего не делал.

3) зрелище

4) брит.; разг. посмешище

Now, don't make a show of yourself. — Пожалуйста, не делай из себя посмешище.

5)

а) след, признак наличия

There is a show of reason in it. — В этом есть какой-то смысл.

Syn:

trace, indication

б) физиол. предродовые воды

6) театральная труппа

7) разг. дело, предприятие; организованная активность

to give away the show — выдать, разболтать секрет, проговориться; разболтать о недостатках (какого-л. предприятия)

to run / boss the show — заправлять (чем-л.); хозяйничать

8) спорт.; жарг. третье место на финише ( обычно в конных соревнованиях)

9) амер.; разг. удобный случай или возможность проявить себя, показать свои силы; шанс

Let's give him a show in spite of his background. — Давайте дадим ему (ещё один) шанс, несмотря на его происхождение.

We must give the boy a good / fair show. — Надо дать парню возможность проявить себя.

Syn:

chance 1.

10) воен.; жарг. операция, бой; заваруха

••

to put up a good / poor show разг. — хорошо, плохо себя проявить

to steal the show — оказаться в центре внимания

Let's get this show on the road. разг. — Пора приниматься за работу.

dog-and-pony show амер.; разг. — показуха

- show of hands
- for show

Англо-русский современный словарь > show
85 fare

1. ['fare]
vb irreg vt
1) (fabbricare: gen) to make, (casa) to build, (quadro) to paint, (disegno) to draw, (pasto) to cook, (pane, dolci) to bake, (assegno) to make out

fanno la stessa classe — they are in the same year

fare un corso — (tenere) to give a series of lessons, teach a course, (seguire) to do a course

che cosa ne hai fatto di quei pantaloni? — what have you done with those trousers?

fare un errore — to make a mistake

ha fatto la mia felicità — he made me so happy

fare una festa — to have o hold a party

ha fatto un figlio — she's had a baby

quest'albero non fa frutti — this tree doesn't bear fruit

hai fatto il letto? — have you made the bed?

lo hanno fatto presidente — they made him president

fare una promessa — to make a promise

hai fatto la stanza? — have you cleaned the room?

2) (attività: gen) to do, (vacanza, sogno) to have

a scuola facciamo chimica — at school we do chemistry

fare i compiti — to do one's homework

cosa fai? — (adesso) what are you doing?, (nella vita) what do you do?, what is your job?

non posso farci nulla — I can't do anything about it

fare la spesa — to do the shopping

fare del tennis — to play tennis

3) (funzione) to be, Teatro to play, be, act

fare l' avvocato — to be a lawyer

fare finta di essere stanco — to pretend to be tired

fare l' innocente — to act the innocent

fare il malato — to pretend to be ill

fare il medico — to be a doctor

fare il morto — (in acqua) to float

nel film fa il padre — in the film he plays the father

4) (percorrere) to do

fare i 100 metri — (competere) to go in for o run in the 100 metres

fa i 100 metri in 10,5 — he does the 100 metres in 10.5

abbiamo fatto 5 chilometri — we've done 5 kilometres

fare una passeggiata — to go for o take a walk

fare un viaggio — to go on a trip, make a journey

5)

(suscitare: sentimenti) fa niente — it doesn't matter

mi fa orrore — it horrifies me

fare paura a — to frighten

mi fa rabbia — it makes me angry

6)

(considerare) ti facevo più intelligente — I thought you had more sense

ti facevo al mare — I thought you were at the seaside

lo facevo più vecchio — I thought he was older

7)

(ammontare) due più due fa quattro — two plus two make(s) o equal(s) four

la città non fa più di 2 milioni di abitanti — the city hasn't more than 2 million inhabitants

che differenza fa? — what difference does it make?

fa 50 euro, signora — that'll be 50 euros, madam

glielo faccio 100 euro — I'll give it to you o I'll let you have it for 100 euros

che ora fa il tuo orologio? — what time is it by your watch?

8)

(+ infinito) le faremo avere la merce — we'll get the goods to you

l'hanno fatto entrare in macchina — (costringere) they forced him into the car, they made him get into the car, (lasciare) they let him get into the car

lo farò fare a lei — I'll get her to do it, I'll have her do it

farsi fregare — to be taken for a ride

far piangere qn — to make sb cry

far riparare la macchina — to have one's car repaired

far scongelare — to defrost, thaw out

far soffrire qn — to make sb suffer

mi son fatto tagliare i capelli — I've had my hair cut

fammi vedere — let me see

fare venire qn — to send for sb

9)

farsi; farsi la barba — to have a shave

farsi la barca — to get a boat

farsi una gonna — to make o.s. a skirt

farsi la macchina — to get a car

si fa da mangiare da solo — he does his own cooking

si è fatto mia moglie fam — he's had it off with my wife

farsi un nome — to make a name for o.s.

10)

(fraseologia) farla a qn — to get the better of sb

me l'hanno fatta! — (imbrogliare) I've been done!, (derubare) I've been robbed!, (lasciare nei guai) I've been lumbered!

farcela — to succeed, manage

ne ha fatta una delle sue — he's done it again

non ce la faccio più — (a camminare) I can't go on, (a sopportare) I can't take any more

ce la facciamo? — do you think we'll make it?

farla finita con qc — to have done with sth

fare del proprio meglio — to do one's best

non c'è niente da fare — it's no use

ormai è stato deciso e non c'è niente da fare — it's been decided and there's nothing we can do about it

ha fatto di sì con la testa — he nodded

2. vi (aus avere)

1) (agire) to do

fare presto — to be quick

faccia pure! — go ahead!

saperci fare con — (situazioni, persone) to know how to deal with

ci sa fare coi bambini/con le macchine — he's good with children/cars

ci sa fare con le donne — he's a smooth operator with women

ci sa fare — he's quite good

fate come volete — do as you please

2)

(dire) "davvero?" fece — "really?" he said

3)

questo non si fa — it's not done, you (just) can't do that

si fa così! — you do it like this, this is the way it's done

non si fa così — (rimprovero) that's no way to behave!

questa festa non si farà! — this party won't take place!

4)

(fraseologia) fa proprio al caso nostro — it's just what we need

avere a che fare con qn — to have sth to do with sb

non so che farmene di lui — I don't know what to do with him

fare da — (funzioni) to act as

fare da padre a qn — to be like a father to sb

la cucina fa anche da sala da pranzo — the kitchen also serves as o is also used as a dining room

fai in modo che non ti vedano — make sure they don't see you

fare per — (essere adatto) to be suitable for, (essere sul punto di) to be about to

fece per uscire e poi si fermò — he made as if to go out and then stopped

non fa per me — it isn't (suitable) for me

fare a pugni — to come to blows, fig to clash

fare in tempo a... — to be in time to...

il grigio fa vecchio — grey makes you o one look older

3. vb impers

fa caldo — it's hot

fa freddo — it's cold

fa notte — it's getting dark

4. vr (farsi)

1)

(rendersi) farsi amico di qn — to make friends with sb

è andata a farsi bella — she's gone to make herself beautiful

farsi notare — to get o.s. noticed

farsi prete — to become a priest

2)

(spostarsi) farsi avanti — to move forward, fig to come forward

fatti più in là! — move along a bit!

3) (gergo: drogarsi) to do drugs

5. vip (farsi)

(divenire) to become

farsi bello — to grow beautiful

farsi grande — to grow tall

si fa notte — it's getting dark

farsi vecchio — to grow old

6. sm

con fare distratto — absent-mindedly

ha un fare simpatico — he has a pleasant manner

sul far del giorno/della notte — at daybreak/nightfall

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > fare
86 paper

I 1. ['peɪpə(r)]
nome

1) (for writing etc.) carta f.

a sheet of paper — un foglio di carta

to get o put sth. down on paper mettere qcs. per iscritto o su(lla) carta; it's a good idea on paper fig. sulla carta è una buona idea; this contract isn't worth the paper it's written on — questo contratto vale meno della carta su cui è scritto

2) (anche wallpaper) carta f. da parati

3) (newspaper) giornale m.

4) (scholarly article) saggio m., articolo m.

5) (lecture) lezione f.; (report) relazione f., intervento m.

6) (examination) esame m. scritto, prova f. (on di)

7) econ. effetto m. (commerciale)

8) (government publication) documento m., libro m.
2.
nome plurale papers amm. carte f., documenti m.
3.
modificatore

1) [bag, hat, napkin, plate, cup, towel] di carta; [industry, manufacture] della carta

2) fig. [loss, profit] teorico, nominale; [promise, agreement] senza valore, sulla carta
II 1. ['peɪpə(r)]
verbo transitivo (anche wallpaper) tappezzare [room, wall]
2.
verbo intransitivo

to paper over the existing wallpaper — ricoprire la tappezzeria precedente

to paper over one's differences — cercare di nascondere le differenze

••

to paper over the cracks — metterci una pezza

* * *
['peipə] 1. noun
1) (the material on which these words are written, made from wood, rags etc and used for writing, printing, wrapping parcels etc: I need paper and a pen to write a letter; ( also adjective) a paper bag.) carta; di carta

2) (a single (often printed or typed) piece of this: There were papers all over his desk.) (foglio di) carta

3) (a newspaper: Have you read the paper?) giornale

4) (a group of questions for a written examination: The Latin paper was very difficult.) compito, esame

5) ((in plural) documents proving one's identity, nationality etc: The policeman demanded my papers.) documento

•

- papery
- paperback 2. adjective
paperback novels.) tascabile

- paper-clip
- paper-knife
- paper sculpture
- paperweight
- paperwork
* * *
I 1. ['peɪpə(r)]
nome

1) (for writing etc.) carta f.

a sheet of paper — un foglio di carta

to get o put sth. down on paper mettere qcs. per iscritto o su(lla) carta; it's a good idea on paper fig. sulla carta è una buona idea; this contract isn't worth the paper it's written on — questo contratto vale meno della carta su cui è scritto

2) (anche wallpaper) carta f. da parati

3) (newspaper) giornale m.

4) (scholarly article) saggio m., articolo m.

5) (lecture) lezione f.; (report) relazione f., intervento m.

6) (examination) esame m. scritto, prova f. (on di)

7) econ. effetto m. (commerciale)

8) (government publication) documento m., libro m.
2.
nome plurale papers amm. carte f., documenti m.
3.
modificatore

1) [bag, hat, napkin, plate, cup, towel] di carta; [industry, manufacture] della carta

2) fig. [loss, profit] teorico, nominale; [promise, agreement] senza valore, sulla carta
II 1. ['peɪpə(r)]
verbo transitivo (anche wallpaper) tappezzare [room, wall]
2.
verbo intransitivo

to paper over the existing wallpaper — ricoprire la tappezzeria precedente

to paper over one's differences — cercare di nascondere le differenze

••

to paper over the cracks — metterci una pezza

English-Italian dictionary > paper
87 sé

1. conj if

se mai if need be

se mai arrivasse... should he arrive...

come se as if

se no if not

2. pron = si in front of lo, la, li, le, ne

* * *

se¹ cong.

1 (con valore condiz.) if: se comincia, se comincerà a parlare, non la finirà più, if he starts talking, he'll never stop; se ci vediamo, ne parliamo, if we meet, we can talk about it; se verrai, ti divertirai, you'll enjoy yourself if you come; se tutto va bene, domani siamo a casa, if all goes well, we'll be home by tomorrow; se volete arrivare in tempo, dovete sbrigarvi, if you want to arrive in time, you'll have to hurry up; ti passiamo a prendere se vuoi, we'll call for you if you like; se non mi trovi in casa, chiamami in ufficio, if you don't find me at home, call me at the office; se non disturbo, ti vengo a trovare, I'll come and see you, if it's all right with you; se non ha contanti, può pagare con un assegno, if you haven't the cash you can pay by cheque; se non ti dispiace ci vediamo un'altra volta, we'll see each other some other time if you don't mind; se non troveremo posto in aereo, verremo in treno, if we can't find seats on the plane we'll come by train; se fossi in te, mi prenderei una vacanza, if I were you, I'd have a holiday; se avessi i soldi, mi comprerei un appartamento più grande, if I had the money, I'd buy myself a bigger flat; se potesse aiutarti lo farebbe, if he could help you, he would; se dovesse piovere, la gara sarà rinviata, should it (o if it should) rain, the competition will be postponed; se non abitassero così lontano, li vedremmo più spesso, if they didn't live so far away, we'd see them more often; se non fosse così tardi, vi direi di venire a casa mia, if it weren't so late, I'd tell you to come to my place; se avessi studiato di più, saresti stato promosso, if you had studied harder, you would have passed; sarebbe arrivato prima, se non avesse perso il treno, he would have arrived sooner, if he hadn't missed the train; promise che, se fosse passato da Milano, sarebbe venuto a salutarci, he promised that if he was passing through Milan, he would come and see us; disse che l'avrebbe comprato se non fosse stato così caro, he said he would have bought it, if it hadn't been so expensive // In alcune frasi incidentali: se non mi sbaglio, if I'm not mistaken (o wrong); se possibile, se si può, if possible; se (è) necessario, if (it's) necessary; se ho ben capito, if I've got it right; se è lecito, if I may: posso chiederti, se è lecito, dove te ne vai stasera?, I'd like to know where you're going this evening, if it isn't a rude question

2 ( in frasi dubitative e interrogative indirette) whether, if: non so se dovrei dirglielo o no, I don't know whether I should tell him or not; chissà se sono già partiti, I wonder whether they have already left; mi domando se sia stata una buona idea, I wonder whether it was a good idea; è indeciso se accettare o rifiutare l'offerta, he's undecided whether to accept the offer or not; si chiedeva se lei l'avrebbe mai perdonato, he wondered whether she would ever forgive him; telefoniamogli per sentire se ha voglia di uscire, let's phone him to find out if he feels like going out // non so se mi spiego, I don't know if you get my meaning // Con uso rafforzativo o enfatico: Se è vero? Ma è verissimo!, it's as true as I'm standing here; lo so io se ce ne vuole di pazienza!, I know how much patience is needed!; immagina se ero contento!, you can imagine how happy I was!

3 ( con valore desiderativo) if only: se lui fosse qui!, if only he were here!; se vincessi al totocalcio!, if only I could win the football pools!; se potessi essere a casa mia!, if only I could be back home!; se ( solo) l'avessi saputo!, if only I had known!; se fossero arrivati in tempo!, if only they had arrived in time! // se Dio vuole!, ( finalmente) thank God! // se tu sapessi!, if you only knew!; se lo prendo!, if I lay my hands on him! // e se provassimo?, suppose we try?; e se facessimo un bridge?, what about a game of bridge?

4 ( con valore causale) if: se ti dico che è vero, devi credermi!, if I tell you it's true, you've got to believe me!; se eri in ritardo, potevi prendere un taxi, if you were late, you could have taken a taxi; se lo sapeva, perché non ci ha avvertito?, if he knew, why didn't he tell us?

5 (con valore concessivo, spesso rafforzato da anche, pure, neppure) (even) if: se lui aveva ragione, noi non avevamo torto, even if he was right, we weren't wrong (either); se anche ha sbagliato, non per questo lo condanno, even if he made a mistake, I'm not going to condemn him for it; se pure volesse rimediare, ormai è troppo tardi, even if he wanted to make amends, it's too late now; anche se vinceranno la partita, non entreranno in finale, even if they win the match, they won't qualify for the final; non ci crederei neppure se lo vedessi con i miei occhi, I wouldn't believe it even if I saw it with my own eyes

6 come se, as if, as though: come se fosse colpa mia, as if (o as though) it were my fault; come se non lo conoscessimo!, as if we didn't know him!; ti comporti come se non te ne importasse nulla, you behave as if (o as though) you didn't care.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: se mai → semmai // se no, if not (o otherwise): dammi retta, se no te ne pentirai, listen to me, if not (o otherwise) you'll be sorry // se non, if not; ( tranne) but: le vittime saranno un migliaio, se non di più, there must be about a thousand victims, if not more; questa è una delle sue opere migliori, se non la migliore di tutte, this is one of his best works, if not the best; in quelle condizioni non si poteva far altro se non aspettare, in that state of affairs there was nothing else to do but (o except) wait; non può essere stato se non lui, it can only have been he (o him) // se non altro, if nothing as if else (o more); if only; ( almeno) at least: se non altro è onesto, he's honest, if nothing else (o at least he's honest); telefonagli, se non altro per educazione, phone him, if only out of politeness; non ha vinto la gara ma, se non altro, ha partecipato, he didn't win the competition, but at least he took part; non si è divertito, ma se non altro si è riposato, he didn't enjoy himself, but at least he had a rest // se non che → sennonché // se non fosse ( stato) per..., but for...: se non fosse ( stato) per lui, non ci troveremmo in questa situazione, but for him we wouldn't have been in this situation // se non fosse che, but for the fact that, (form.) but that; se non fosse che le prove dimostrano la sua colpa, non ci crederei, but for the fact that (o form. but that) the evidence proves his guilt, I wouldn't believe it.

se¹ s.m.

1 ( incertezza) if: con tutti i suoi ma e se non combina mai nulla, with all his ifs and buts, he never does anything

2 ( obiezione) condition; (fam.) a big if: accetto, ma c'è un se, I accept, but there's one condition (o there's a big if).

se² pron.pers.m. e f. di 3^a pers.sing. e pl. ( usato in luogo di si davanti ai pron.pers. lo, la, li, le e alla particella pron. ne; in inglese non si traduce): se ne andò, he, she went away; se ne discusse a lungo, they (o we) talked it over at length; se lo portarono via, they carried him away; non se l'è fatto dire due volte, he didn't need to be told twice.

* * *

abbr

1) (= Sud-Est) SE

2) (= Sua Eccellenza) HE

* * *
I 1. [se]
congiunzione

1) (condizionale) if

se telefona, digli che non ci sono — if he phones, tell him I'm not in

se vuoi vengo con te — I'll come with you if you like

se fossi in te o al tuo posto if I were you; sarei contento se piovesse — I would be happy if it rained

2) (causativo)

se lo sapevi perché non me l'hai detto? — since you knew, why didn't you tell me?

se proprio insisti, vengo — if you insist, I'll come

3) (concessivo) if

se anche, anche se — even if, even though

è furbo, anche se non sembra — he's sly although he doesn't look it

4) (in frasi esclamative) if

se (solo o almeno) lo avessi saputo! if only I had known! had I known! se Dio vuole! God willing! se ho voglia di partire? ma certo! — do I want to leave? but of course I do!

5) (per esprimere suggerimento)

e se andassimo al cinema? — what about going to the cinema?

e se tu passassi il weekend con noi? — why don't you come and spend the weekend with us?

e se portassi il dolce? — what if I bring the dessert?

6) (per introdurre una dubitativa o un'interrogativa indiretta) if, whether

mi chiedo se verrà — I wonder if he will come

mi chiedo se sia vero (o no) — I wonder whether it's true (or not)

7) se non if not, unless

non ha preso con sé nulla se non un libro — he didn't take anything with him apart from o other than a book

una delle città più belle, se non addirittura la più bella — one of the most beautiful cities, if not the most beautiful

se non fosse stato per me, sarebbe andato — he would have gone but for me

se non smetti di fumare ti rovinerai la salute — you'll ruin your health unless you give up smoking

se non altro — if nothing else

8) se no if not, otherwise, or else

smettila, se no... — stop that now, or else...

non è per niente pericoloso, se no non lo farei — it's quite safe, otherwise I wouldn't do it

9) se mai

se mai vedessi — if you ever see o if ever you see

se mai andrò da qualche parte, sarà in Australia — I'm going to Australia, if anything o if I go anywhere
2.
sostantivo maschile (incertezza) if

ci sono molti se e ma — there are lots of ifs and buts
II [se]
pronome personale

se l'è presa comoda — he took his time, he took it easy

se la sono vista brutta — they had a narrow escape

se ne sono andati — they left, they went away
••
Note:

v. la nota della voce io

* * *

sé

/se/

v. la nota della voce io.

pron.pers.

(when followed by stesso or medesimo the accent can be omitted)

1 (impersonale) oneself; essere sicuro di sé to be sure of oneself; per una migliore conoscenza di sé for a better self-knowledge; prendersi cura di se stesso to take care of oneself; tenere qcs. per sé to keep sth. to oneself; rimanere fedele a se stesso to remain true to oneself; parlare tra sé e sé to talk to oneself; la parte migliore di sé one's better self

2 (singolare) (riferito a uomo) himself, him; (riferito a donna) herself, her; (riferito a cosa o animale) itself, it; (plurale) themselves, them; non aveva abbastanza soldi con sé he, she didn't have enough money about o on him, her; il mio anello in sé o se stesso non ha valore my ring is of no value in itself; se lo sono tenuto per sé they kept it for themselves

IDIOMS

a sé stante [questione, problema] separate; ha fatto tutto da sé he did it all by himself o he did it all alone; si è fatto da sé he's a self-made man; di per sé, in sé (e per sé) in itself; un episodio di per sé banale an episode that is in itself commonplace; va da sé (che) it goes without saying (that); essere fuori di sé, non stare in sé to be beside oneself (da, per with).

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sé
88 idle

1. adjective
1) (lazy) faul; träge

2) (not in use) außer Betrieb nachgestellt

be or stand idle — [Maschinen, Fabrik:] stillstehen; see also academic.ru/42780/lie">lie II 2. 2)

3) (having no special purpose) bloß [Neugier]; nutzlos, leer [Geschwätz]

4) (groundless) unbegründet [Annahme, Mutmaßung]; bloß, rein [Spekulation, Gerücht]

no idle boast or jest — (iron.) kein leeres Versprechen

5) (ineffective) sinnlos, (geh.) müßig [Diskussion, Streit]; leer [Versprechen]

6) (unoccupied) frei [Zeit, Stunden, Tag]

7) (unemployed)

be made idle — [Arbeiter:] arbeitslos werden
2. intransitive verb
[Motor:] leer laufen, im Leerlauf laufen

Phrasal Verbs:

- idle away

* * *
1. adjective
1) (not working; not in use: ships lying idle in the harbour.) unnütz

2) (lazy: He has work to do, but he's idle and just sits around.) faul

3) (having no effect or result: idle threats.) vergeblich

4) (unnecessary; without good reason or foundation: idle fears; idle gossip.) nutzlos
2. verb
1) (to be idle or do nothing: On holiday they just idled from morning till night.) faulenzen

2) (of an engine etc, to run gently without doing any work: They kept the car engine idling while they checked their position with the map.) leer laufen

•

- idler
- idleness
- idly
- idle away
* * *

idle

[ˈaɪdl̩]

I. adj

1. (lazy) faul, träge

2. (redundant) people ohne Beschäftigung präd, nach n, erwerbslos

3. (not working) person untätig; machines außer Betrieb präd

his bike lay \idle most of the time sein Fahrrad stand die meiste Zeit unbenutzt herum

\idle capacity ungenutzte Kapazität

\idle resources unproduktive Ressourcen pl

the \idle rich die reichen Müßiggänger

to lie \idle factory stillstehen, stillliegen

4. moment müßig

in my \idle moments I dream of sun-kissed beaches in Zeiten der Muße träume ich von sonnenverwöhnten Stränden

5. (pointless, unfounded)

\idle boast bloße Angeberei

\idle chatter hohles Geschwätz

\idle fear unbegründete Angst

\idle rumours reine Gerüchte

\idle speculation reine Spekulation

\idle threat leere Drohung

6. FIN unproduktiv

\idle capital totes Kapital

money lying \idle nicht angelegtes [o nicht arbeitendes] [o brachliegendes] Geld

to sit \idle brach liegen

7. machine, telephone line bereit

II. vi

1. (do nothing) faulenzen, auf der faulen Haut liegen fam

▪ to \idle about [or around] herumtrödeln fam, faulenzen

2. (engine) leerlaufen, im Leerlauf laufen

* * *
['aɪdl]
1. adj

1) (= not working) person müßig, untätig; moment ruhig

the idle rich — die reichen Müßiggänger

in my idle moments — in ruhigen or stillen Augenblicken

idle life — faules Leben

idle money, money lying idle — totes or brachliegendes Kapital

we don't want to let the money lie idle — wir wollen das Geld nicht ungenutzt liegen lassen

his car was lying idle most of the time — sein Auto stand meistens unbenutzt herum

2) (= lazy) faul, träge

3) (in industry) person unbeschäftigt; machine stillstehend attr, stillliegend attr, außer Betrieb

500 men have been made idle by the strike — durch den Streik mussten 500 Leute ihre Arbeit einstellen

the whole factory stood idle — die ganze Fabrik hatte die Arbeit eingestellt

the machine stood idle — die Maschine stand still or arbeitete nicht or war außer Betrieb

idle capacity — freie or brachliegende Kapazität

4) promise, threat, words leer; speculation, talk müßig; remark beiläufig

idle boast — bloße Angeberei

idle curiosity — pure or bloße Neugier

idle fear — grundlose or unbegründete Angst

idle wish — Wunschtraum

the idle pleasures of this worldly life — die eitlen Vergnügungen dieses Erdenlebens

5)

(= useless) it would be idle to go on trying — es wäre nutzlos or zwecklos, (es) weiter zu versuchen

2. vi

1) (person) untätig sein, faulenzen, nichts tun

a day spent idling on the river — ein Tag, den man untätig auf dem Wasser verbringt

2) (engine) leerlaufen

when the engine is idling — wenn der Motor im Leerlauf ist

* * *

idle [ˈaıdl]

A adj (adv idly)

1. untätig, müßig. the idle rich die reichen Müßiggänger

2. unbeschäftigt, arbeitslos:

make sb idle

3. ungenutzt, ruhig, still, Muße…:

idle hours;

idle time WIRTSCH Verlust-, Totzeit f

4. faul, träge (Person)

5. TECH

a) stillstehend, außer Betrieb

b) leerlaufend, im Leerlauf:

lie idle stillliegen;

run idle leerlaufen;

stand idle stillstehen, außer Betrieb sein;

idle current Leerlaufstrom m, Blindstrom m;

idle motion Leergang m;

idle pulley → idler 3 b;

idle speed Leerlaufdrehzahl f;

idle stroke AUTO Leertakt m

6. AGR brachliegend (auch fig)

7. WIRTSCH unproduktiv, tot (Kapital)

8. beiläufig (Bemerkung, Blick etc:) idle curiosity bloße Neugier

9. a) müßig, nutz-, sinn-, zwecklos:

it was idle to warn her

b) vergeblich (Versuch etc)

10. leer, hohl:

idle talk ( oder gossip) leeres oder seichtes Geschwätz;

idle threats leere Drohungen

B v/i

1. nichts tun, faulenzen:

idle about ( oder around) herumtrödeln umg

2. TECH leerlaufen

C v/t

1. meist idle away müßig zubringen, vertrödeln umg

2. zum Nichtstun verurteilen:

idled → A 2

3. TECH leerlaufen lassen

* * *
1. adjective
1) (lazy) faul; träge

2) (not in use) außer Betrieb nachgestellt

be or stand idle — [Maschinen, Fabrik:] stillstehen; see also lie II 2. 2)

3) (having no special purpose) bloß [Neugier]; nutzlos, leer [Geschwätz]

4) (groundless) unbegründet [Annahme, Mutmaßung]; bloß, rein [Spekulation, Gerücht]

no idle boast or jest — (iron.) kein leeres Versprechen

5) (ineffective) sinnlos, (geh.) müßig [Diskussion, Streit]; leer [Versprechen]

6) (unoccupied) frei [Zeit, Stunden, Tag]

7) (unemployed)

be made idle — [Arbeiter:] arbeitslos werden
2. intransitive verb
[Motor:] leer laufen, im Leerlauf laufen

Phrasal Verbs:

- idle away

* * *

(computers) n.

Leerbefehl m. adj.

faul adj.

faulenz adj.

faulenzen adj.

müßig adj.

nutzlos adj.

träg adj.

untätig adj. n.

Leerlauf -¨e m.

English-german dictionary > idle
89 break

break [breɪk]

(verb: preterite broke, past participle broken)

1. noun

   a. (in conversation, programme, line) interruption f ; (in journey) arrêt m ; (at work) pause f ; (at school) pause f, récréation f

• to take a break ( = few minutes) faire une pause ; ( = holiday) prendre des vacances ; ( = change) se changer les idées

• six hours without a break six heures d'affilée

• after the break ( = advertisements) après la pause (publicitaire)

• a break in the clouds une éclaircie

• a break in the weather un changement de temps

• he spoke of the need for a break with the past il a dit qu'il fallait rompre avec le passé

► to make a break

• to make a break for it prendre la fuite

• he made a break for the door il s'est élancé vers la porte

   b. [of bone] fracture f

   c. (literary) at break of day au point du jour

   d. ( = luck, opportunity) (inf) chance f

• he's had all the breaks il a eu toutes les veines (inf)

• she got her first big break in "Sarafina" elle a percé dans « Sarafina »

• give me a break! (inf) ( = leave me alone) fichez-moi la paix ! (inf)

   e. (Snooker) série f

• to have a break of serve (Tennis) faire le break

2. transitive verb

   a. casser ; [+ skin] écorcher

• to break sth in two casser qch en deux

• to break one's leg/one's neck se casser la jambe/le cou

• the bone is not broken il n'y a pas de fracture

• to break open [+ door] enfoncer ; [+ lock, safe] fracturer

• to break ground on a new building (US) commencer à construire un nouveau bâtiment

• to break new or fresh ground innover

• to break one's back se casser la colonne vertébrale

• to break the back of a task (British) faire le plus dur d'une tâche

• to break sb's heart briser le cœur de qn

• to break one's heart over sth avoir le cœur brisé par qch

• to break a record battre un record

   b. [+ promise] manquer à ; [+ treaty] violer

• to break the law enfreindre la loi

• to break a vow rompre un serment

   c. [+ courage, spirit, strike] briser

• to break sb ( = demoralize) briser qn ; ( = ruin) ruiner qn

• television can make you or break you la télévision peut soit vous apporter la gloire soit vous briser

• to break sb of a habit faire perdre une habitude à qn

• to break a habit se débarrasser d'une habitude

• it won't break the bank (inf) cela ne va pas te (or nous or les etc) ruiner

   d. [+ silence, spell] rompre

• to break sb's serve prendre le service de qn

• to break one's journey faire une étape (or des étapes)

   e. [+ fall] amortir

   f. [+ news] annoncer

• try to break it to her gently essayez de le lui annoncer avec ménagement

3. intransitive verb

   a. (se) casser ; [bone] se fracturer

• to break in two se casser en deux

   b. [clouds] se dissiper

   c. [storm] éclater ; [wave] déferler

   d. [news, story] éclater

   e. ( = weaken, change) [health] se détériorer ; [voice] (boy's) muer ; (in emotion) se briser ( with sous le coup de ) ; [weather] se gâter

• he broke under torture il a craqué sous la torture

• his spirit broke son courage l'a abandonné

   f. [dawn] poindre ; [day] se lever

   g. ( = pause) faire une pause

• we broke for lunch nous avons fait une pause pour le déjeuner

   h. (set structures)

► to break even rentrer dans ses fonds

► to break free se libérer

► to break loose [person, animal] s'échapper ; [boat] rompre ses amarres

► to break with sb rompre avec qn

4. compounds

► break-even point noun seuil m de rentabilité

► break-in noun cambriolage m

► break-up noun [of friendship] rupture f ; [of empire, group of states] démantèlement m ; [of political party] scission f

• since the break-up of his marriage depuis qu'il est séparé de sa femme

► break away intransitive verb

(from captor) s'échapper

• to break away from a group se séparer d'un groupe► break down

1. intransitive verb

   a. [vehicle] tomber en panne ; [argument] s'effondrer ; [resistance] céder ; [negotiations] échouer

• after negotiations broke down... après l'échec m des négociations...

   b. ( = decompose) se décomposer ( into en)

   c. ( = weep) fondre en larmes

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = demolish) démolir ; [+ door] enfoncer ; [+ opposition] briser

   b. [+ accounts] détailler ; [+ sales figures, costs] ventiler ; [+ substance] décomposer

► break in

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = interrupt) interrompre

   b. ( = enter illegally) entrer par effraction

2. separable transitive verb

   a. [+ door] enfoncer

   b. [+ engine, car] roder

• it took a month to break in my new shoes cela a pris un mois avant que mes nouvelles chaussures se fassent

► break into inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = enter illegally) [+ house] entrer par effraction dans

• to break into a safe fracturer un coffre-fort

   b. [+ savings] entamer

   c. [company] to break into a new market percer sur un nouveau marché

   d. to break into song se mettre à chanter

• to break into a run se mettre à courir

► break off

1. intransitive verb

   a. [piece, twig] se casser net

   b. ( = stop) s'arrêter ( doing sth de faire qch)

• he broke off in mid-sentence il s'est arrêté au milieu d'une phrase

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = snap off) casser

   b. ( = end) [+ relationship, negotiations] rompre

► break out intransitive verb

   a. [war, fire] éclater

• to break out into a sweat suer ; (from fear) commencer à avoir des sueurs froides

   b. ( = escape) s'échapper (of de)

► break through

1. intransitive verb

( = succeed) percer

2. inseparable transitive verb

[+ defences, obstacles] faire tomber

► break up

1. intransitive verb

   a. [ice] craquer ; [ship in storm] se disloquer ; [partnership] cesser ; [empire] effondrer

• their marriage broke up ils se sont séparés

• to break up with sb rompre avec qn

   b. [crowd] se disperser ; [meeting] prendre fin

• the schools break up tomorrow (British) les cours se terminent demain

   c. [phone line] couper

• you're breaking up je ne te capte plus

   d. (US = laugh) (inf!) se tordre de rire

2. separable transitive verb

   a. [+ chocolate] casser en morceaux

• to break up the soil casser les mottes de terre

   b. [+ coalition] briser ; [+ empire] démembrer

• to break up a marriage briser un couple

• to do sth to break up one's day faire qch pour faire une coupure dans la journée

   c. [+ crowd, demonstration] disperser

• police used tear gas to break up the demonstration la police a utilisé du gaz lacrymogène pour disperser les manifestants

   d. (US = make laugh) (inf!) donner le fou rire à

* * *
[breɪk] 1.
noun

1) ( fracture) fracture f

2) ( crack) fêlure f

3) ( gap) ( in wall) brèche f; (in row, line) espace m; (in circuit, chain) rupture f; (in conversation, match) pause f; ( in performance) entracte m; ( in traffic) trou m, espace m

a break in the clouds — une éclaircie

a break in transmission — une interruption dans la retransmission

4) Radio, Television page f de publicité

5) ( pause) gen pause f; School récréation f

to take a break — faire une pause

to work for six hours without a break — travailler pendant six heures sans s'arrêter

to take ou have a break from working — ne plus travailler pendant un temps

I often give her a break from looking after the kids — je m'occupe souvent des enfants pour qu'elle se repose

6) ( holiday) vacances fpl

the Christmas break — les vacances de Noël

7) fig ( departure) rupture f ( with avec)

a break with tradition — une rupture avec la tradition

it's time to make a ou the break — ( from family) il est temps de voler de ses propres ailes; ( from job) il est temps de passer à autre chose

8) (colloq) ( opportunity) chance f

her big break came in 1973 — 1973 a été l'année de sa veine (colloq)

he gave me a break — il m'a donné ma chance

9) ( dawn)

at the break of day — au lever du jour, à l'aube f

10) ( escape bid)

to make a break for it — (colloq) ( from prison) se faire la belle (colloq)

to make a break for the door — se précipiter vers la porte

11) Sport ( in tennis) break m; (in snooker, pool)

it's your break — c'est à toi de casser

to make a 50 point break — marquer une série de 50 points
2.
transitive verb (prét broke; pp broken)

1) ( damage) casser [chair, eggs, rope, stick, toy]; casser [plate, window]

to break a tooth/a bone — se casser une dent/un os

to break one's leg — se casser la jambe

to break one's neck — lit avoir une rupture des vertèbres cervicales; fig se casser la figure

2) ( rupture) briser [seal]

the skin is not broken — il n'y a pas de plaie

the river broke its banks — la rivière a débordé

3) ( interrupt) [person] rompre [silence]; [shout, siren] déchirer [silence]; couper [circuit]; rompre [monotony, spell, ties, links] ( with avec)

to break one's silence — sortir de son silence (on à propos de)

we broke our journey in Milan — nous avons fait un arrêt à Milan

4) ( disobey) enfreindre [law]; ne pas respecter [embargo, terms]; violer [treaty]; désobéir à [rule]; briser [strike]; rompre [vow]; manquer [appointment]

to break one's word/promise — manquer à sa parole/promesse

5) (exceed, surpass) dépasser [speed limit, bounds]; battre [record]; franchir [speed barrier]

6) ( lessen the impact of) couper [wind]; [branches] freiner [fall]; [hay] amortir [fall]

7) fig ( destroy) [troops] briser [rebellion]; briser [person, resistance, will]

to break somebody's spirit — saper le moral de quelqu'un

to break a habit — se défaire d'une habitude

8) ( ruin) ruiner [person]

9) ( tame) débourrer [young horse]

10) ( in tennis)

to break somebody's serve — faire le break

11) ( decipher) déchiffrer [code]

12) ( leave)

to break camp — lever le camp

13) ( announce) annoncer [news]; révéler [truth]

to break the news to somebody — apprendre la nouvelle à quelqu'un
3.
intransitive verb (prét broke; pp broken)

1) ( be damaged) [branch, chair, egg, string] se casser; [plate, window] se casser; [arm, bone, leg] se fracturer; [bag] se déchirer

to break in two — se casser en deux

the sound of breaking glass — le bruit de verre brisé

2) ( separate) [clouds] se disperser; [waves] se briser

3) ( stop for a rest) faire une pause

4) ( change) [good weather] se gâter; [heatwave] cesser

5) ( begin) [day] se lever; [storm] éclater; [scandal, story] éclater

6) ( discontinue)

to break with somebody — rompre les relations avec quelqu'un

to break with tradition — rompre avec la tradition

7) ( weaken)

their spirit never broke — leur moral n'a jamais faibli

to break under torture — céder sous la torture

8) ( change tone) [boy's voice] muer

in a voice breaking with emotion — d'une voix brisée par l'émotion

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break even

- break free

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break through

- break up

English-French dictionary > break
90 will

will [wɪl]

1. modal verb

   a. (future)

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► When will or 'll is used to form the future, it is often translated by the future tense.

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• he will speak il parlera

• you'll regret it some day tu le regretteras un jour

• we will come too nous viendrons (nous) aussi

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► In the following examples the main verb is future, the other is present: in French both verbs must be in the future tense.

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• what will he do when he finds out? qu'est-ce qu'il fera lorsqu'il s'en apercevra ?

• we'll do all we can nous ferons tout ce que nous pourrons

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► When will or 'll indicates the more immediate future, aller + verb is used.

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• I'll give you a hand with that je vais te donner un coup de main avec ça

• he will be here shortly il va bientôt arriver

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► When will or won't is used in short replies, no verb is used in French.

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• will he come too? -- yes he will est-ce qu'il viendra aussi ? -- oui

• I'll go with you -- oh no you won't! je vais vous accompagner -- non, certainement pas !

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► When won't is used in question tags, eg won't it, won't you the translation is often n'est-ce pas.

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• you will come to see us, won't you? vous viendrez nous voir, n'est-ce pas ?

• that'll be okay, won't it? ça ira, n'est-ce pas ?

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► When future meaning is made clear by words like tomorrow, or next week, the present tense can also be used in French.

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• he'll be here tomorrow il arrive or il arrivera demain

• I'll phone you tonight je t'appelle or je t'appellerai ce soir

   b. (future perfect)

► will have + past participle

• the holiday will have done him good les vacances lui auront fait du bien

• he will have left by now il sera déjà parti à l'heure qu'il est

   c. (habitual actions)

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► When will indicates that something commonly happens, the present is used in French.

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• he will sit for hours doing nothing il reste assis pendant des heures à ne rien faire

• the car will do 150km/h cette voiture fait du 150 km/h

• thieves will often keep a stolen picture for years les voleurs gardent souvent un tableau volé pendant des années

   d. (requests, orders)

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► The present tense of vouloir is often used.

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• will you be quiet! veux-tu (bien) te taire !

• will you please sit down! voulez-vous vous asseoir, s'il vous plaît !

• will you help me? -- yes I will tu veux m'aider ? -- oui, je veux bien

• will you promise to be careful? tu me promets de faire attention ?

► won't ( = refuse(s) to)

the window won't open la fenêtre ne veut pas s'ouvrir

• she won't let me drive the car elle ne veut pas me laisser conduire la voiture

• will you promise? -- no I won't tu me le promets ? -- non

   e. (invitations, offers) will you have a cup of coffee? voulez-vous prendre un café ?

• will you join us for a drink? voulez-vous prendre un verre avec nous ?

• won't you come with us? vous ne voulez pas venir (avec nous) ?

• I'll help you if you like je vais vous aider si vous voulez

   f. ( = must) that will be the taxi ça doit être le taxi

• she'll be about forty elle doit avoir quarante ans environ

• you'll be thinking I'm crazy tu dois penser que je suis fou

2. willed transitive verb

preterite, past participle

   a. ( = urge by willpower) he was willing her to look at him il l'adjurait intérieurement de le regarder

   b. ( = bequeath) to will sth to sb léguer qch à qn

3. noun

   a. ( = determination) volonté f

• he has a will of his own il sait ce qu'il veut

• he has a strong will il a beaucoup de volonté

• the will to live la volonté de survivre

• to do sth against sb's will faire qch contre la volonté de qn (PROV) where there's a will there's a way(PROV) vouloir c'est pouvoir

► at will

• an employer who can sack you at will un employeur qui peut vous licencier comme il le veut

• I can speed up and slow down at will je peux accélérer et ralentir comme je veux

   b. ( = document) testament m

• to make a will faire son testament

• he left it to me in his will il me l'a légué par testament

• the last will and testament of... les dernières volontés de...

* * *
I 1. [wɪl, əl]
modal auxiliary

1) ( to express the future)

she'll help you — elle t'aidera; ( in the near future) elle va t'aider

must I phone him or will you? — est-ce que je dois lui téléphoner ou est-ce que tu vas le faire?

I've said I'll repay you and I will — j'ai dit que je te rembourserai et je le ferai

2) (expressing consent, willingness)

‘will you help me?’ - ‘yes, I will’ — ‘est-ce que tu m'aideras?’ - ‘oui, bien sûr’

he won't cooperate — il ne veut pas coopérer

‘have a chocolate’ - ‘thank you, I will’ — ‘prends un chocolat’ - ‘volontiers, merci’

I will not be talked to like that — je n'accepte pas qu'on me parle sur ce ton

I won't have it said of me that I'm mean — il ne sera pas dit que je suis mesquin

will you or won't you? — c'est oui ou c'est non?

do what ou as you will — fais ce que tu veux

will do! — (colloq) d'accord!

3) (in commands, requests)

will you pass the salt, please? — est-ce que tu peux me passer le sel, s'il te plaît?

‘I can give the speech’ - ‘you will not!’ — ‘je peux faire le discours’ - ‘pas question!’

‘I'll do it’ - ‘no you won't’ — ‘je vais le faire’ - ‘il n'en est pas question’

will you please listen to me! — est-ce que tu vas m'écouter!

wait a minute will you! — attends un peu!

4) (in offers, invitations)

will you marry me? — est-ce que tu veux m'épouser?

you'll have another cake, won't you? — vous prendrez bien un autre gâteau?

5) ( expressing custom or habit)

they will usually ask for a deposit — ils demandent généralement une caution

any teacher will tell you that... — n'importe quel professeur te dira que...

these things will happen — ce sont des choses qui arrivent; ( in exasperation)

she will keep repeating the same old jokes — elle n'arrête pas de répéter les mêmes blagues

6) ( expressing conjecture or assumption)

that will be my sister — ça doit être ma sœur

they won't be aware of what has happened — ils ne doivent pas savoir ce qui s'est passé

that will have been last month — ça devait être le mois dernier

you'll have gathered that — vous aurez compris que

7) ( expressing ability or capacity to do)

the lift will hold 12 — l'ascenseur peut transporter 12 personnes

that jug won't hold a litre — ce pichet ne contient pas un litre

this chicken won't feed six — ce poulet n'est pas assez gros pour six personnes

the car won't start — la voiture ne veut pas démarrer
2.
transitive verb

1) ( urge)

to will somebody's death — souhaiter ardemment la mort de quelqu'un

to will somebody to do — supplier mentalement quelqu'un de faire

to will somebody to live — prier pour que quelqu'un vive

2) (wish, desire) vouloir

3) Law léguer
3.
reflexive verb

he willed himself to stand up — au prix d'un effort surhumain il a réussi à se lever
II 1. [wɪl]
noun

1) volonté f ( to do de faire)

to have a strong/weak will — avoir beaucoup/peu de volonté

to have a will of one's own — faire ce qu'on a envie de faire

strength of will — force de caractère

against my will — contre mon gré

to do something with a will — faire quelque chose de bon cœur

to lose the will to live — ne plus avoir envie de vivre

2) Law testament m

the last will and testament of — les dernières volontés de

to leave somebody something in one's will — léguer quelque chose à quelqu'un
2.
at will adverbial phrase [select, take] à volonté

you can change it at will — tu peux le changer quand tu veux

••

where there's a will there's a way — Prov quand on veut on peut Prov

English-French dictionary > will
91 Donisthorpe, George Edmond

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

fl. c.1842 England

[br]

English inventor of a wool-combing machine.

[br]

Edmund Cartwright's combing machine needed a great deal of improvement before it could be used to tackle the finer qualities of wool. Various people carried out experiments over the next thirty years, including G.E.Donisthorpe of Leicester. Together with Henry Rawson, Donisthorpe obtained his first patent for improvements to wool combing in 1835, but his important ones were obtained in 1842 and 1843. These attracted the attention of S.C. Lister, who had become interested in developing a machine to comb wool after seeing the grim working conditions of the hand-combers supplying his mill at Manningham. Lister was quick to perceive that Donisthorpe's invention carried sufficient promise to replace the hand-comber, so in 1842 he made Donisthorpe an offer, which was accepted, of £2,000 for half the patent rights. In the following year Lister purchased the other half of the patent for £10,000, whereby Donisthorpe ceased to have any pecuniary interest in it. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership and they worked together over the ensuing years with patience and diligence until they eventually succeeded in bringing out a combing machine that was generally acceptable. They were combing fine botany wool for the first time by machine in 1843. Further patents were taken out in their joint names in 1849 and 1850: these included the "nip" mechanism, the priority of which was disputed by Heilmann. Donisthorpe also took out patents for wool combing with John Whitehead in 1849 and John Crofts in 1853.

[br]

Bibliography

1835, British patent no. 6,808 (improvements to wool combing). 1842. British patent no. 9,404.

1843. British patent no. 9,966.

1843, British patent no. 9,780.

1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 12,712.

1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 13,009. 1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 13,532. 1849, with John Whitehead, British patent no. 12,603. 1853, with John Crofts, British patent no. 216.

Further Reading

J.Hogg (ed.), c.1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of the association between Donisthorpe and Lister).

W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (explains the technical details of combing machines).

C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (includes a good section on combing machines).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Donisthorpe, George Edmond
92 אסמכתא

אַסְמַכְתָּאf. (סְמַךְ) 1) support, reliance. Keth.67a אסמכתייהו אארעא הוא their reliance rests on the landed property. 2) Scriptural text used as a support for a rabbinical enactment, intimation ( אסמכוה אקרא ‘they leaned their enactment against a Bible text). Ḥull.64b מדרבנן וקרא א׳ בעלמא it is actually a rabbinical law, and the Bible text (quoted) is a mere support or mnemotechnical aid. Ib. 77a; a. fr. 3) (law) Asmakhta ( surety), a promise to submit to a forfeiture of pledged property ( or equivalent) without having received a sufficient consideration; collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured; e. g. A pays a portion of his indebtedness to B, leaving the bill of debt as a security in the hands of a third party, and agreeing to pay the full amount on the bill, if, at a stipulated time, he should fail to pay the due balance. B. Bath. 168a א׳ לא קניא asmakhta does not purchase, gives no title, i. e. gives the claimant no rights (because the law presumes that he who made such a promise, could not have meant it seriously but had in view only to give his transaction the character of good faith and solemnity); ibid. א׳ קניא asm. is a valid legal transfer of property. B. Mets.66a; 73b. Ned.27b; a. e.Snh.24b applied to forfeiture of stake in gambling (inasmuch as it makes the gambler an immoral person disqualified for witness or judge in court).

Jewish literature > אסמכתא
93 אַסְמַכְתָּא

אַסְמַכְתָּאf. (סְמַךְ) 1) support, reliance. Keth.67a אסמכתייהו אארעא הוא their reliance rests on the landed property. 2) Scriptural text used as a support for a rabbinical enactment, intimation ( אסמכוה אקרא ‘they leaned their enactment against a Bible text). Ḥull.64b מדרבנן וקרא א׳ בעלמא it is actually a rabbinical law, and the Bible text (quoted) is a mere support or mnemotechnical aid. Ib. 77a; a. fr. 3) (law) Asmakhta ( surety), a promise to submit to a forfeiture of pledged property ( or equivalent) without having received a sufficient consideration; collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured; e. g. A pays a portion of his indebtedness to B, leaving the bill of debt as a security in the hands of a third party, and agreeing to pay the full amount on the bill, if, at a stipulated time, he should fail to pay the due balance. B. Bath. 168a א׳ לא קניא asmakhta does not purchase, gives no title, i. e. gives the claimant no rights (because the law presumes that he who made such a promise, could not have meant it seriously but had in view only to give his transaction the character of good faith and solemnity); ibid. א׳ קניא asm. is a valid legal transfer of property. B. Mets.66a; 73b. Ned.27b; a. e.Snh.24b applied to forfeiture of stake in gambling (inasmuch as it makes the gambler an immoral person disqualified for witness or judge in court).

Jewish literature > אַסְמַכְתָּא
94 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
1. modular data center
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

[ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?

If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.

Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.

Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнению

In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров

In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД

And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measures

Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;

Map applications to DC Class

We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.

Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- модульный ЦОД
EN
- modular data center
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
95 modular data center
1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

[ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?

If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.

Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.

Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнению

In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров

In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД

And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measures

Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;

Map applications to DC Class

We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.

Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- модульный ЦОД
EN
- modular data center
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center
96 agarrar

v.

1 to grab.

me agarró de la cintura he grabbed me by the waist

Silvia agarró la mano de Ricardo Silvia grabbed John's hand.

2 to catch (atrapar) (ladrón).

¡si la agarro, la mato! if I catch her I'll kill her!

me agarró desprevenido he caught me off guard

María agarra el bejuco Mary catches the liMaría.

3 to catch (informal) (enfermedad). (peninsular Spanish)

4 to get, to take. ( Latin American Spanish)

Agarrar impulso Take impulse.

5 to take (tinte).

6 to be taken to prison, to get nicked.

Lo agarraron He was taken to prison.[He got nicked]

* * *

agarrar

► verbo transitivo

1 (con la mano) to clutch, seize, grasp

■ agárrala fuerte hold it tight

2 familiar (pillar) to catch

3 familiar (conseguir) to take advantage of

■ hay que agarrar las oportunidades one has to grasp one's opportunities

► verbo pronominal agarrarse

1 (cogerse) to hold on, cling (a, to)

2 (pegarse) to stick

3 familiar (pelearse) to quarrel, fight

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

agarrar un cabreo to fly off the handle

agarrar una borrachera to get drunk/pissed

agarrarla to get drunk/pissed

agarrarse a un clavo ardiendo figurado to try anything, do anything

* * *

verb

1) to hold, seize, grab, grasp

2) catch

•

- agarrarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=asir)

a) [sujetando] to hold (on to)

agarra bien el bolso — hold on to your handbag firmly

le señalaron falta por agarrar a un jugador contrario — a free kick was given against him for holding on to one of the opposition

lo tuvo bien agarrado hasta que llegó la policía — she held him until the police arrived

• entró agarrada del brazo de su padre — she came in holding her father's arm

iban agarrados del brazo — they were walking arm in arm

me agarró del brazo — he took me by the arm

b) [con violencia] to grab

agarró al niño por el hombro — he grabbed the child by the shoulder

la agarró de los pelos y no la soltaba — she grabbed her hair and refused to let her go

c) [con fuerza] to grip

la agarró fuertemente del brazo — he gripped her arm tightly

2) (=capturar) to catch

ya han agarrado al ladrón — they've already caught the thief

3) [+ resfriado] to catch

he agarrado un buen resfriado — I've caught a nasty cold

lo tiene bien agarrado al pecho — she's got a nasty chesty cough

- agarrarla

4) * (=conseguir) to get, wangle *

5) esp LAm (=coger)

agarré otro pedazo de pastel — I took another piece of cake

agarra el libro del estante — take the book off the shelf

agarrar una flor — to pick a flower

agarrar un tren — to catch a train

la casa tiene tanto trabajo que no sé por dónde agarrarla — the house needs such a lot doing to it, I don't know where to start

• agarrar el vuelo — (=despegar) to take off

6) CAm, Caribe, Méx * (=captar) to get *, understand

7) Cono Sur

• agarrar a palos a algn — * to beat sb up *

8) Caribe *** to fuck ***

2. VI

1) (=asir)

agarra por este extremo — hold it by this end, take hold of it by this end

2) (Bot) [planta] to take (root)

3) [color] to take

4) esp LAm (=coger)

agarre por esta calle — take this street

agarró y se fue — * he upped and went *

• agarrar para — (=salir) to set out for

3.

See:

agarrarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( sujetar) to grab, get hold of

lo agarró de las solapas — he grabbed him by the lapels

me agarró del brazo — ( para apoyar) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm

2) (esp AmL) < objeto> ( tomar) to take; ( atajar) to catch

agarra un papel y toma nota — get a piece of paper and take this down

te lo tiro agárralo! — I'll throw it to you, catch!

no hay por dónde agarrarlo — (fam) <tema/asunto> you can't make head nor tail of it (colloq); < persona> you don't know how to take him

3) (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catch

me agarró desprevenido — she caught me off guard

si lo agarro, lo mato — if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him

agarrarla con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody

4) (esp AmL) ( adquirir) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into; < velocidad> to gather, pick up; (+ me/te/le etc)

agarrarle cariño a alguien — to grow fond of somebody

le agarró asco — he got sick of it

le he agarrado odio — I've come to hate him

5) (AmL) ( entender) <indirecta/chiste> to get
2.
agarrar vi

1) (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, hold

toma, agarra — here, hold this

2) planta/injerto to take; tornillo to grip, catch; ruedas to grip; tinte to take

3) (esp AmL) (ir)

agarraron por esa calle — they went up that street

mañana agarramos para Medellín — we're off to Medellín tomorrow

no sabe para dónde agarrar — he doesn't know which way to turn

4) (esp AmL fam)

agarrar y...: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everything; así que agarré y presenté la renuncia — so I gave in my notice there and then
3.
agarrarse v pron

1) ( asirse) to hold on

agárrate bien or fuerte — hold on tight

¿sabes a quién vi? agárrate! — (fam) do you know who I saw? wait for it! (colloq)

agarrarse a or de algo — to hold on to something

iban agarrados del brazo — they were walking along arm in arm

se agarró de eso para no venir — he latched on to that as an excuse not to come

se ha agarrado a esa esperanza — she's clinging to that hope

2) ( pillarse)

me agarré el dedo en el cajón — I caught my finger in the drawer

3) (esp AmL) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch

agarrarse una borrachera — to get drunk

agarrarse un disgusto — to get upset

agarrarse una rabieta — to get into a temper

4) (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fight

se agarraron a patadas — they started kicking each other

por poco se agarran de los pelos — they almost came to blows

agarrarse con alguien — to have a set-to with somebody (colloq)

agarrársela(s) con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody (colloq)

* * *

= grip, bust, grab, grasp.

Ex. The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.

Ex. On Saturday, a trooper stood on a street corner dressed in plain clothes and helped bust 30 people for not wearing their seat belts.

Ex. If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.

Ex. A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.

----

* agarrarse = clutch.

* agarrarse a = latch on to, hold to, hold on to, hold fast to, cling to.

* agarrarse a un clavo ardiendo = catch at + straws, grasp at + straws, clutch at + straws.

* agarrarse desesperadamente = hang on + for dear life, cling on + for dear life.

* agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.

* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( sujetar) to grab, get hold of

lo agarró de las solapas — he grabbed him by the lapels

me agarró del brazo — ( para apoyar) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm

2) (esp AmL) < objeto> ( tomar) to take; ( atajar) to catch

agarra un papel y toma nota — get a piece of paper and take this down

te lo tiro agárralo! — I'll throw it to you, catch!

no hay por dónde agarrarlo — (fam) <tema/asunto> you can't make head nor tail of it (colloq); < persona> you don't know how to take him

3) (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catch

me agarró desprevenido — she caught me off guard

si lo agarro, lo mato — if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him

agarrarla con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody

4) (esp AmL) ( adquirir) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into; < velocidad> to gather, pick up; (+ me/te/le etc)

agarrarle cariño a alguien — to grow fond of somebody

le agarró asco — he got sick of it

le he agarrado odio — I've come to hate him

5) (AmL) ( entender) <indirecta/chiste> to get
2.
agarrar vi

1) (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, hold

toma, agarra — here, hold this

2) planta/injerto to take; tornillo to grip, catch; ruedas to grip; tinte to take

3) (esp AmL) (ir)

agarraron por esa calle — they went up that street

mañana agarramos para Medellín — we're off to Medellín tomorrow

no sabe para dónde agarrar — he doesn't know which way to turn

4) (esp AmL fam)

agarrar y...: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everything; así que agarré y presenté la renuncia — so I gave in my notice there and then
3.
agarrarse v pron

1) ( asirse) to hold on

agárrate bien or fuerte — hold on tight

¿sabes a quién vi? agárrate! — (fam) do you know who I saw? wait for it! (colloq)

agarrarse a or de algo — to hold on to something

iban agarrados del brazo — they were walking along arm in arm

se agarró de eso para no venir — he latched on to that as an excuse not to come

se ha agarrado a esa esperanza — she's clinging to that hope

2) ( pillarse)

me agarré el dedo en el cajón — I caught my finger in the drawer

3) (esp AmL) <resfriado/pulmonía> to catch

agarrarse una borrachera — to get drunk

agarrarse un disgusto — to get upset

agarrarse una rabieta — to get into a temper

4) (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fight

se agarraron a patadas — they started kicking each other

por poco se agarran de los pelos — they almost came to blows

agarrarse con alguien — to have a set-to with somebody (colloq)

agarrársela(s) con alguien — (AmL fam) to take it out on somebody (colloq)

* * *

= grip, bust, grab, grasp.

Ex: The entrance door should be automatic or with a handle easy to grip.

Ex: On Saturday, a trooper stood on a street corner dressed in plain clothes and helped bust 30 people for not wearing their seat belts.

Ex: If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.

Ex: A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.

* agarrarse = clutch.

* agarrarse a = latch on to, hold to, hold on to, hold fast to, cling to.

* agarrarse a un clavo ardiendo = catch at + straws, grasp at + straws, clutch at + straws.

* agarrarse desesperadamente = hang on + for dear life, cling on + for dear life.

* agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.

* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).

* * *

agarrar [A1 ]

vt

A (sujetar) to get hold of, grab

lo agarró de or por las solapas he grabbed him o took hold of him by the lapels

agárralo, que se va a caer grab him, he's going to fall

me agarró del brazo (para apoyarse) she took hold of my arm; (con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm, she seized my arm

ya agarra bien el sonajero she can already hold her rattle properly

B ( esp AmL) ‹objeto› (tomar) to take; (atajar) to catch

agarra el dinero de mi cartera take the money out of my wallet

agarra un papel y toma nota get a piece of paper and take this down

¿alguien agarró el libro que dejé en la mesa? did anyone pick up o take the book I left on the table?

¿puedo agarrar una manzana? may I take an apple?

agarró las llaves/sus cosas y se fue he took the keys/his things and left

te lo tiro ¡agárralo! I'll throw it to you, catch!

este capítulo es dificilísimo, no hay or no tiene por dónde agarrarlo ( fam); this chapter is really difficult, I can't make head nor tail of it ( colloq)

C

1 ( AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catch

si te agarra el profesor, ya verás if the teacher catches you, you'll be for it

si lo agarro, lo mato if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him

se acaba de ir, pero si corres, lo agarras he's just left, but if you run, you'll catch him

me agarró desprevenido/de buen humor she caught me off guard/in a good mood

agarrarla con algn ( AmL fam); to take it out on sb

2 (CS fam) (con una pregunta) to catch … out, stump

3 (CS) ‹televisión/emisora› to get, pick up

D

1 ‹resfriado› to catch

no salgas así, vas a agarrar una pulmonía don't go out like that, you'll catch your death of cold

2 ‹velocidad› to gather, pick up

3 ‹asco/odio/miedo› (+ me/te/le etc):

se ha caído tantas veces que le ha agarrado miedo al caballo she's had so many falls that now she's afraid of the horse

con los años le he ido agarrando cariño over the years I've grown fond of her

4 (entender) ‹indirecta/chiste› to get

5 ( RPl) ‹calle› to take

■ agarrar

vi

A (asir, sujetar) to take hold of, hold

toma, agarra here, hold this

agarra por ahí take o get hold of that part

B

1 «planta/injerto» to take

2 «tornillo» to grip, catch; «ruedas» to grip

3 «tinte» to take

C ( esp AmL) (ir) agarrar POR algo; ‹por una calle/la costa› to go ALONG sth agarrar PARA algo to head FOR sth

agarraron para la capital they headed for the capital

tiene tantos problemas, que no sabe para dónde agarrar he has so many problems, he doesn't know which way to turn

D

( esp AmL fam): agarrar y …: un buen día agarró y lo dejó todo one fine day she upped and left everything

cuando ya había hecho la reserva agarra y me dice que no quiere ir I had already made the reservations when he goes and tells me he doesn't want to go

así que agarré y presenté la renuncia so I gave in my notice on the spot o there and then

■ agarrarse

v pron

A (asirse) to hold on

agárrate bien or fuerte hold on tight

¿sabes cuánto dinero nos queda? ¡agárrate! ( fam); do you know how much money we have left? wait for it! o prepare yourself for a shock! ( colloq)

agarrarse A or DE algo to hold on TO sth

se agarró al or del pasamanos she held on to o gripped the handrail

iban agarrados del brazo they were walking along arm in arm

se agarró de eso para no venir he latched on to that as an excuse not to come

se ha agarrado a esa promesa/esperanza she's clinging to that promise/hope

B

(pillarse): me agarré el dedo en el cajón I caught my finger in the drawer

C

( esp AmL): se agarró una borrachera de padre y señor mío he got absolutely blind drunk

se agarró una rabieta he got o flew into a temper

¡qué disgusto se agarró cuando se enteró! she got really upset when she heard!

D ( AmL fam)

1 (pelearse, reñir) agarrarse CON algn to have a fight o an argument WITH sb ( colloq)

no vale la pena agarrarse con él por esa estupidez there's no point arguing with him over a silly thing like that

agarrársela(s) con algn ( AmL fam); to take it out on sb ( colloq)

se las agarró conmigo he took it out on me

2

(pelearse): se agarraron a patadas/puñetazos they started kicking/punching each other

por poco se agarran de los pelos they almost came to blows

E (pegarse) «comida» to stick

* * *

agarrar ( conjugate agarrar) verbo transitivo
1 ( sujetar) to grab, get hold of;
◊ me agarró del brazo ( para apoyar) she took hold of my arm;

(con violencia, rapidez) she grabbed me by the arm
2 (esp AmL) ‹ objeto› ( tomar) to take;
( atajar) to catch;
◊ agarra un papel y toma nota get a piece of paper and take this down

3 (AmL) (pescar, atrapar) to catch;
◊ si lo agarro, lo mato if I get o lay my hands on him, I'll kill him

4 (esp AmL) ( adquirir) ‹resfriado/pulmonía› to catch;
‹costumbre/vicio› to pick up;
‹ ritmo› to get into;
‹ velocidad› to gather, pick up;
◊ agarrarle cariño a algn to grow fond of sb;

le agarró asco he got sick of it;
le he agarrado odio I've come to hate him
5 (AmL) ( entender) ‹indirecta/chiste› to get
verbo intransitivo
1 (asir, sujetar):
◊ toma, agarra here, hold this;

agarra por ahí take hold of that part
2 [planta/injerto] to take;
[ tornillo] to grip, catch;
[ ruedas] to grip;
[ tinte] to take
agarrarse verbo pronominal
1 ( asirse) to hold on;
agárrate bien or fuerte hold on tight;
agarrarse a or de algo to hold on to sth;
◊ iban agarrados del brazo they were walking along arm in arm

2 ‹dedo/manga› to catch;
◊ me agarré el dedo en el cajón I caught my finger in the drawer

3 (esp AmL) ‹resfriado/pulmonía› to catch;
◊ agarrarse una borrachera to get drunk;

agarrarse un disgusto/una rabieta to get upset/into a temper
4 (AmL fam) ( pelearse) to get into a fight;
◊ se agarraron a patadas they started kicking each other;

agarrarse con algn to have a set-to with sb (colloq)
agarrar verbo transitivo
1 (sujetar con fuerza) to grasp, seize: lo tienes bien agarrado, you are holding it tightly
2 LAm (coger) to take
3 fam (pillar a alguien, un resfriado) to catch
agarrar(se) una borrachera, to get drunk o fam pissed
' agarrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coger
- melopea
- sujetar
- tomar
- turca
- alcanzar
- atajar
- cuete
- fuerte
- hueveo
- insolación
- jalar
- mano
- mona
English:
blind
- catch
- clasp
- clutch
- collar
- grab
- grasp
- grip
- hold
- seize
- take
- act
- bust
- clench
- get
- knack
- latch
- nab
- nail
- pick
- red
- rope
- surprise
- unawares
- up

* * *

agarrar

♦ vt

1. [asir] to grab;

me agarró de la cintura he grabbed me by the waist;

agarra bien al niño y no se caerá hold onto the child tight and he won't fall

2. Fam [pillar] [ladrón] to catch;

¡si la agarro, la mato! if I catch her I'll kill her!;

me agarró desprevenido he caught me off guard

3. Esp Fam [pillar] [enfermedad] to catch

4. Comp
Fam
agarrarla, agarrar una buena to get sloshed;
Fam
esta novela no hay por dónde agarrarla I can't make head or tail of this novel;
RP Fam
agarrar la mano a algo to get to grips with sth;
Méx Fam
agarrar patín to have a good laugh;
RP Fam
agarrar viaje to accept an offer;
RP Fam
agarrar viento en la camiseta to really get going;

después de un comienzo accidentado, el proyecto agarró viento en la camiseta after a shaky start the project really took off

♦ vi

1. Esp [asir]
agarrar de to take hold of;

¡agarra de la cuerda! grab the rope!

2. [tinte] to take

3. [planta] to take root

4. [ruedas] to grip

5. [clavo] to go in;

el tornillo no ha agarrado the screw hasn't gone in properly

6. Am [encaminarse]
agarrar para to head for;

agarró para la izquierda he took a left;

Comp
RP Fam
agarrar para el lado de los tomates to get hold of the wrong end of the stick

7. [tomar costumbre]
agarrarle a alguien por: le agarró por el baile she took it into her head to take up dancing;

le agarró por cantar en medio de la clase he got it into his head to start singing in the middle of the class;

le agarró por no tomar alcohol she suddenly started not drinking alcohol;

¿está aprendiendo ruso? – sí, le agarró por ahí is she learning Russian? – yes, that's her latest mad idea

8. Comp
Fam
agarrar y hacer algo to go and do sth;

agarró y se fue she upped and went;

agarró y me dio una bofetada she went and slapped me

♦ See also the pronominal verb agarrarse

* * *

agarrar

I v/t

1 ( asir) grab

2 ( atrapar, pescar), resfriado catch

3 L.Am. ( tomar) take

4 L.Am.

velocidad gather, pick up

5 L.Am.

agarrar una calle go up o along a street

II v/i

1 ( asirse) hold on

2 de planta take root

3 L.Am.

por un lugar go;

agarró y se fue he upped and went

* * *

agarrar vt

1) : to grab, to grasp

2) : to catch, to take

agarrar vi

agarrar y fam : to do (something) abruptly

el día siguiente agarró y se fue: the next day he up and left

♦ See also the reflexive verb agarrarse

* * *

agarrar vb

1. (coger) to grab [pt. & pp. grabbed]

un hombre lo agarró a man grabbed him

2. (sujetar) to hold [pt. & pp. held]

agárralo fuerte hold it tight

3. (atrapar, contraer) to catch [pt. & pp. caught]

agarró un resfriado she caught a cold

Spanish-English dictionary > agarrar
97 show

§ (showed, shown) ჩვენება; გამოფენა

§

1 ჩვენება

fashion show მოდების ჩევნება / დემონსტრირება

voting by a show of hands კენჭის ყრა ხელის აწევით

2 **

she offered a show of resistance მოჩვენებითი წინააღმდეგობა გაუწია

he made a show of sympathy მოჩვენებითი თანაგრძნობა გამოხატა

3 გამოფენა

the motor show ავტომანქანების გამოფენა

his pictures are on show in Paris მისი ნახატები გამოფენილია პარიზში

4 შოუ, წარმოდგენა

it was a magnificent show ბრწყინვალე სპექტაკლი იყო

5 სეანსი (კინოთეატრში)

I bought tickets for the last show ბილეთები ბოლო სეანსზე ვიყიდე

●●he put up a good show თავი კარგად გამოამჟღავნა / გამოიჩინა

I run the show here! აქ მე ვარ ბატონი!

6 (showed, shown) ჩვენება (აჩვენებს)

to show a film ფილმის ჩვენება

where is this film showing? სად აჩვენებენ ამ ფილმს?

show me what you have in your hand მაჩვენე, ხელში რა გაქვს

show me how to do it მაჩვენე, როგორ გავაკეთო

the future will show მომავალი გვიჩვენებს

●●this method showed good results ამ მეთოდმა კარგი შედეგი მოგვცა

7 (showed, shown) გამოხატვა (გამოხატავს), გამოჩენა, გამოვლენა

he didn't show any signs of surprise გაოცება არაფრით არ გამოუხატავს

he showed courage სიმამაცე / ვაჟკაცობა გამოიჩინა

8 (showed, shown) გაცილება, მიცილება

she showed me to the door კარებამდე გააცილა

9 (showed, shown) ჩანს, ეტყობა

your scar still shows ნაჭრილობევი ჯერ კიდევ გეტყობა

your dress shows კაბაში ლანდი გაგდის // შენი კაბა გამჭვირვალეა

he shows promise იმედს იძლევა

she shows signs of age ხანში შესვლის ნიშნები დაეტყო

he shows no inclination to leave წასვლისა არაფერი ეტყობა

he showed his mettle ყოჩაღობა / ხასიათის სიმტკიცე გამოიჩინა

to show mercy to smb ვისიმე შეწყალება

variety show საესტრადო კონცერტი, წარმოდგენა

to vote by the show of hands ხელის აწევით ხმის მიცემა

the carpet is showing signs of wear ნოხს ცვეთის ნიშნები ეტყობა

the future will show მომავალი გვიჩვენებს

you must always show consideration for your parents მშობლების მიმართ ყოველთვის ყურადღებიანი უნდა იყო

fashion show მოდების ჩვენება / დემონსტრირება

he showed courage in adversity გაჭირვებაში სიმხნევე გამოიჩინა

English-Georgian dictionary > show
98 se

1. conj if

se mai if need be

se mai arrivasse... should he arrive...

come se as if

se no if not

2. pron = si in front of lo, la, li, le, ne

* * *

se¹ cong.

1 (con valore condiz.) if: se comincia, se comincerà a parlare, non la finirà più, if he starts talking, he'll never stop; se ci vediamo, ne parliamo, if we meet, we can talk about it; se verrai, ti divertirai, you'll enjoy yourself if you come; se tutto va bene, domani siamo a casa, if all goes well, we'll be home by tomorrow; se volete arrivare in tempo, dovete sbrigarvi, if you want to arrive in time, you'll have to hurry up; ti passiamo a prendere se vuoi, we'll call for you if you like; se non mi trovi in casa, chiamami in ufficio, if you don't find me at home, call me at the office; se non disturbo, ti vengo a trovare, I'll come and see you, if it's all right with you; se non ha contanti, può pagare con un assegno, if you haven't the cash you can pay by cheque; se non ti dispiace ci vediamo un'altra volta, we'll see each other some other time if you don't mind; se non troveremo posto in aereo, verremo in treno, if we can't find seats on the plane we'll come by train; se fossi in te, mi prenderei una vacanza, if I were you, I'd have a holiday; se avessi i soldi, mi comprerei un appartamento più grande, if I had the money, I'd buy myself a bigger flat; se potesse aiutarti lo farebbe, if he could help you, he would; se dovesse piovere, la gara sarà rinviata, should it (o if it should) rain, the competition will be postponed; se non abitassero così lontano, li vedremmo più spesso, if they didn't live so far away, we'd see them more often; se non fosse così tardi, vi direi di venire a casa mia, if it weren't so late, I'd tell you to come to my place; se avessi studiato di più, saresti stato promosso, if you had studied harder, you would have passed; sarebbe arrivato prima, se non avesse perso il treno, he would have arrived sooner, if he hadn't missed the train; promise che, se fosse passato da Milano, sarebbe venuto a salutarci, he promised that if he was passing through Milan, he would come and see us; disse che l'avrebbe comprato se non fosse stato così caro, he said he would have bought it, if it hadn't been so expensive // In alcune frasi incidentali: se non mi sbaglio, if I'm not mistaken (o wrong); se possibile, se si può, if possible; se (è) necessario, if (it's) necessary; se ho ben capito, if I've got it right; se è lecito, if I may: posso chiederti, se è lecito, dove te ne vai stasera?, I'd like to know where you're going this evening, if it isn't a rude question

2 ( in frasi dubitative e interrogative indirette) whether, if: non so se dovrei dirglielo o no, I don't know whether I should tell him or not; chissà se sono già partiti, I wonder whether they have already left; mi domando se sia stata una buona idea, I wonder whether it was a good idea; è indeciso se accettare o rifiutare l'offerta, he's undecided whether to accept the offer or not; si chiedeva se lei l'avrebbe mai perdonato, he wondered whether she would ever forgive him; telefoniamogli per sentire se ha voglia di uscire, let's phone him to find out if he feels like going out // non so se mi spiego, I don't know if you get my meaning // Con uso rafforzativo o enfatico: Se è vero? Ma è verissimo!, it's as true as I'm standing here; lo so io se ce ne vuole di pazienza!, I know how much patience is needed!; immagina se ero contento!, you can imagine how happy I was!

3 ( con valore desiderativo) if only: se lui fosse qui!, if only he were here!; se vincessi al totocalcio!, if only I could win the football pools!; se potessi essere a casa mia!, if only I could be back home!; se ( solo) l'avessi saputo!, if only I had known!; se fossero arrivati in tempo!, if only they had arrived in time! // se Dio vuole!, ( finalmente) thank God! // se tu sapessi!, if you only knew!; se lo prendo!, if I lay my hands on him! // e se provassimo?, suppose we try?; e se facessimo un bridge?, what about a game of bridge?

4 ( con valore causale) if: se ti dico che è vero, devi credermi!, if I tell you it's true, you've got to believe me!; se eri in ritardo, potevi prendere un taxi, if you were late, you could have taken a taxi; se lo sapeva, perché non ci ha avvertito?, if he knew, why didn't he tell us?

5 (con valore concessivo, spesso rafforzato da anche, pure, neppure) (even) if: se lui aveva ragione, noi non avevamo torto, even if he was right, we weren't wrong (either); se anche ha sbagliato, non per questo lo condanno, even if he made a mistake, I'm not going to condemn him for it; se pure volesse rimediare, ormai è troppo tardi, even if he wanted to make amends, it's too late now; anche se vinceranno la partita, non entreranno in finale, even if they win the match, they won't qualify for the final; non ci crederei neppure se lo vedessi con i miei occhi, I wouldn't believe it even if I saw it with my own eyes

6 come se, as if, as though: come se fosse colpa mia, as if (o as though) it were my fault; come se non lo conoscessimo!, as if we didn't know him!; ti comporti come se non te ne importasse nulla, you behave as if (o as though) you didn't care.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: se mai → semmai // se no, if not (o otherwise): dammi retta, se no te ne pentirai, listen to me, if not (o otherwise) you'll be sorry // se non, if not; ( tranne) but: le vittime saranno un migliaio, se non di più, there must be about a thousand victims, if not more; questa è una delle sue opere migliori, se non la migliore di tutte, this is one of his best works, if not the best; in quelle condizioni non si poteva far altro se non aspettare, in that state of affairs there was nothing else to do but (o except) wait; non può essere stato se non lui, it can only have been he (o him) // se non altro, if nothing as if else (o more); if only; ( almeno) at least: se non altro è onesto, he's honest, if nothing else (o at least he's honest); telefonagli, se non altro per educazione, phone him, if only out of politeness; non ha vinto la gara ma, se non altro, ha partecipato, he didn't win the competition, but at least he took part; non si è divertito, ma se non altro si è riposato, he didn't enjoy himself, but at least he had a rest // se non che → sennonché // se non fosse ( stato) per..., but for...: se non fosse ( stato) per lui, non ci troveremmo in questa situazione, but for him we wouldn't have been in this situation // se non fosse che, but for the fact that, (form.) but that; se non fosse che le prove dimostrano la sua colpa, non ci crederei, but for the fact that (o form. but that) the evidence proves his guilt, I wouldn't believe it.

se¹ s.m.

1 ( incertezza) if: con tutti i suoi ma e se non combina mai nulla, with all his ifs and buts, he never does anything

2 ( obiezione) condition; (fam.) a big if: accetto, ma c'è un se, I accept, but there's one condition (o there's a big if).

se² pron.pers.m. e f. di 3^a pers.sing. e pl. ( usato in luogo di si davanti ai pron.pers. lo, la, li, le e alla particella pron. ne; in inglese non si traduce): se ne andò, he, she went away; se ne discusse a lungo, they (o we) talked it over at length; se lo portarono via, they carried him away; non se l'è fatto dire due volte, he didn't need to be told twice.

* * *

abbr

1) (= Sud-Est) SE

2) (= Sua Eccellenza) HE

* * *
I 1. [se]
congiunzione

1) (condizionale) if

se telefona, digli che non ci sono — if he phones, tell him I'm not in

se vuoi vengo con te — I'll come with you if you like

se fossi in te o al tuo posto if I were you; sarei contento se piovesse — I would be happy if it rained

2) (causativo)

se lo sapevi perché non me l'hai detto? — since you knew, why didn't you tell me?

se proprio insisti, vengo — if you insist, I'll come

3) (concessivo) if

se anche, anche se — even if, even though

è furbo, anche se non sembra — he's sly although he doesn't look it

4) (in frasi esclamative) if

se (solo o almeno) lo avessi saputo! if only I had known! had I known! se Dio vuole! God willing! se ho voglia di partire? ma certo! — do I want to leave? but of course I do!

5) (per esprimere suggerimento)

e se andassimo al cinema? — what about going to the cinema?

e se tu passassi il weekend con noi? — why don't you come and spend the weekend with us?

e se portassi il dolce? — what if I bring the dessert?

6) (per introdurre una dubitativa o un'interrogativa indiretta) if, whether

mi chiedo se verrà — I wonder if he will come

mi chiedo se sia vero (o no) — I wonder whether it's true (or not)

7) se non if not, unless

non ha preso con sé nulla se non un libro — he didn't take anything with him apart from o other than a book

una delle città più belle, se non addirittura la più bella — one of the most beautiful cities, if not the most beautiful

se non fosse stato per me, sarebbe andato — he would have gone but for me

se non smetti di fumare ti rovinerai la salute — you'll ruin your health unless you give up smoking

se non altro — if nothing else

8) se no if not, otherwise, or else

smettila, se no... — stop that now, or else...

non è per niente pericoloso, se no non lo farei — it's quite safe, otherwise I wouldn't do it

9) se mai

se mai vedessi — if you ever see o if ever you see

se mai andrò da qualche parte, sarà in Australia — I'm going to Australia, if anything o if I go anywhere
2.
sostantivo maschile (incertezza) if

ci sono molti se e ma — there are lots of ifs and buts
II [se]
pronome personale

se l'è presa comoda — he took his time, he took it easy

se la sono vista brutta — they had a narrow escape

se ne sono andati — they left, they went away
••
Note:

v. la nota della voce io

* * *

se¹

/se/

Rinviando alla voce qui sotto per i diversi valori semantici espressi dalla congiunzione se, vanno specificati i seguenti punti. - Il se condizionale è seguito da should per marcare un'ipotesi remota: se telefonasse qualcuno... (= se qualcuno dovesse telefonare...) = if anybody should phone...; if nella frase condizionale può essere sostituito, usando uno stile elevato, dall'inversione tra soggetto e ausiliare: se avessi saputo che era a Roma... = had I known he was in Rome... - Quando, dopo verbi come to ask, to know, to wonder ecc., se introduce un'interrogativa indiretta o una dubitativa, la traduzione è if oppure whether, quest'ultimo usato specialmente se lo stile è più formale o se viene esplicitata l'alternativa se... o: non so se lo sa = I don't know if he knows; mi chiedo se l'abbia fatto o meno = I wonder whether he did it or not. - Quando se non è reso con unless, questa congiunzione concentra in sé il contenuto negativo della frase, che pertanto non richiede negazione e ausiliare: se non me lo dici subito... = unless you tell me at once...

I congiunzione

1 (condizionale) if; se telefona, digli che non ci sono if he phones, tell him I'm not in; se vuoi vengo con te I'll come with you if you like; se fossi in te o al tuo posto if I were you; sarei contento se piovesse I would be happy if it rained

2 (causativo) se lo sapevi perché non me l'hai detto? since you knew, why didn't you tell me? se proprio insisti, vengo if you insist, I'll come

3 (concessivo) if; se anche, anche se even if, even though; è furbo, anche se non sembra he's sly although he doesn't look it

4 (in frasi esclamative) if; se (solo o almeno) lo avessi saputo! if only I had known! had I known! se Dio vuole! God willing! se ho voglia di partire? ma certo! do I want to leave? but of course I do!

5 (per esprimere suggerimento) e se andassimo al cinema? what about going to the cinema? e se tu passassi il weekend con noi? why don't you come and spend the weekend with us? e se portassi il dolce? what if I bring the dessert?

6 (per introdurre una dubitativa o un'interrogativa indiretta) if, whether; mi chiedo se verrà I wonder if he will come; mi chiedo se sia vero (o no) I wonder whether it's true (or not)

7 se non if not, unless; non ha preso con sé nulla se non un libro he didn't take anything with him apart from o other than a book; una delle città più belle, se non addirittura la più bella one of the most beautiful cities, if not the most beautiful; se non fosse stato per me, sarebbe andato he would have gone but for me; se non smetti di fumare ti rovinerai la salute you'll ruin your health unless you give up smoking; se non altro if nothing else

8 se no if not, otherwise, or else; smettila, se no... stop that now, or else...; non è per niente pericoloso, se no non lo farei it's quite safe, otherwise I wouldn't do it

9 se mai se mai vedessi if you ever see o if ever you see; se mai andrò da qualche parte, sarà in Australia I'm going to Australia, if anything o if I go anywhere

II sostantivo maschile

(incertezza) if; ci sono molti se e ma there are lots of ifs and buts.

————————

se²

/se/

v. la nota della voce io.

pron.pers.

se l'è presa comoda he took his time, he took it easy; se la sono vista brutta they had a narrow escape; se ne sono andati they left, they went away.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > se
99 Monell, Ambrose

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

b. 1874 New York, USA

d. 2 May 1921 Beacon, New York, USA

[br]

American metallurgist who gave his name to a successful nickel-copper alloy.

[br]

After graduating from Columbia University in 1896. Monell became a metallurgical engineer to the Carnegie Steel Company, rising in six years to be Assistant to the President. In 1900, while Manager of the company's open-hearth steelworks at Pittsburg, he patented a procedure for making high-carbon steel in basic conditions on the hearth of a fixed/stationary furnace; the method was intended to refine pig-iron containing substantial proportions of phosphorus and to do so relatively quickly. The process was introduced at the Homestead Works of the Carnegie Steel Company in February 1900, where it continued in use for some years. In April 1902 Monell was among those who launched the International Nickel Company of New Jersey in order to bring together a number of existing nickel interests; he became the new company's President. In 1904–5, members of the company's metallurgical staff produced an alloy of about 70 parts nickel and 30 copper which seemed to show great commercial promise on account of its high resistance to corrosion and its good appearance. Monell agreed to the suggestion that the new alloy should be given his name; for commercial reasons it was marketed as "Monel metal". In 1917, following the entry of the USA into the First World War, Monell was commissioned Colonel in the US Army (Aviation) for overseas service, relinquishing his presidency of the International Nickel Company but remaining as a director. At the time of his death he was also a director in several other companies in the USA.

[br]

Bibliography

1900, British patent no. 5506 (taken out by O. Imray on behalf of Monell).

Monell insinuated an account of his steel-making procedure at a meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute held in London and reported in The Journal of the Iron and Steel

Institute (1900) 1:71–80; some of the comments made by other speakers, particularly B.Talbot, were adverse. The following year (1901) Monell produced a general historical review: "A summary of development in open-hearth steel", Iron Trade

Review 14(14 November):39–47.

Further Reading

A.J.Wadhams, 1931, "The story of the nickel industry", Metals and Alloys 2(3):166–75 (mentions Monell among many others, and includes a portrait (p. 170)).

See also: Stanley, Robert Crooks; Talbot, Benjamin

JKA

Biographical history of technology > Monell, Ambrose
100 land

1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. (solid part of the earth) Land, das

by land — auf dem Landweg

on land — zu Lande; (not in air) auf dem Boden; (not in or on water) an Land

2) no indef. art. (expanse of country) Land, das

see how the land lies — (fig.) herausfinden, wie die Dinge liegen; see also academic.ru/42780/lie">lie II 1. 1)

3) no pl., no indef. art. (ground for farming or building, property) Land, das

work the land — das Land bebauen

live off the land — sich von dem ernähren, was das Land hergibt

4) (country) Land, das

the greatest in the land — der/die Größte im ganzen Land
2. transitive verb
1) (set ashore) [an]landen [Truppen, Passagiere, Waren, Fang]

2) (Aeronaut.) landen [[Wasser]flugzeug]

3) (bring into a situation)

land oneself in trouble — sich in Schwierigkeiten bringen; sich (Dat.) Ärger einhandeln (ugs.)

land somebody in [the thick of] it — jemanden [ganz schön] reinreiten (salopp)

4) (deal) landen [Schlag]

land somebody one — jemandem einen Schlag verpassen (ugs.)

5) (burden)

land somebody with something, land something on somebody — jemandem etwas aufhalsen (ugs.)

be landed with somebody/something — jemanden auf dem Hals haben (ugs.) /etwas aufgehalst bekommen (ugs.)

6)

land a fish — einen Fisch an Land ziehen

7) (fig.): (succeed in obtaining) an Land ziehen (ugs.)
3. intransitive verb
1) [Boot usw.:] anlegen, landen; [Passagier:] aussteigen ( from aus)

we landed at Dieppe — wir gingen in Dieppe an Land

2) (Aeronaut.) landen; (on water) [auf dem Wasser] aufsetzen

be about to land — zur Landung angesetzt haben; gerade landen

3) (alight) landen; [Ball:] aufkommen

land on one's feet — auf den Füßen landen; (fig.) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen

Phrasal Verbs:

- land back

- land up

* * *
[lænd] 1. noun
1) (the solid part of the surface of the Earth which is covered by the sea: We had been at sea a week before we saw land.) das Land

2) (a country: foreign lands.) das Land

3) (the ground or soil: He never made any money at farming as his land was poor and stony.) das Land

4) (an estate: He owns land/lands in Scotland.) das Land
2. verb
1) (to come or bring down from the air upon the land: The plane landed in a field; They managed to land the helicopter safely; She fell twenty feet, but landed without injury.) landen

2) (to come or bring from the sea on to the land: After being at sea for three months, they landed at Plymouth; He landed the big fish with some help.) landen

3) (to (cause to) get into a particular (usually unfortunate) situation: Don't drive so fast - you'll land (yourself) in hospital/trouble!) in Schwierigkeiten etc. bringen

•

[-rouvə]

noun

(a type of strong motor vehicle used for driving over rough ground.) der Landrover

- landing
- landing-gear
- landing-stage
- landlocked
- landlord
- landmark
- land mine
- landowner
- landslide
- landslide victory
- landslide
- landslide defeat
- land up
- land with
- see how the land lies
* * *

land

[lænd]

I. n

1. no pl (not water) Land nt

to have dry \land under one's feet festen Boden unter den Füßen haben

to sight \land Land sichten

to travel by \land auf dem Landweg reisen

on \land an Land

2. no pl also AGR (ground) Land nt; (soil) Boden m

building \land Bauland nt

agricultural [or arable] [or farm] \land Ackerland nt, landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche[n] f[pl] fachspr

piece/plot of \land (for building) Grundstück nt; (for farming) Stück nt Land

waste \land Brachland nt, Ödland nt fachspr

to live off the \land von selbsterwirtschafteten Produkten leben

to work [on] [or to farm] the \land Ackerbau treiben

3. no pl (countryside)

▪ the \land das Land

to move back to the \land zurück aufs Land ziehen

4. (particular area of ground) Grundstück nt

▪ \lands pl (real estate) Grundbesitz m; (extensive estates) Ländereien pl

get off my \land! verschwinden Sie von meinem Grundstück!

building \land Baugründstück nt

private \land Privatbesitz m

state \land[s] AM staatlicher Grundbesitz

5. (country, region) Land nt; ( fig: world) Welt f

to live in a fantasy \land in einer Fantasiewelt leben

the L\land of the Midnight Sun das Land der Mitternachtssonne

the L\land of the Rising Sun das Land der aufgehenden Sonne

6. AM ( euph: Lord)

for \land's sake um Gottes Willen

7. TECH (in a gun) Feld nt fachspr

8.

▶ to be in the \land of the living ( hum) unter den Lebenden sein [o geh weilen] hum

▶ the \land of [or flowing with] milk and honey das Land, wo Milch und Honig fließt

▶ to be in the L\land of Nod BRIT ( dated) im Land der Träume sein

▶ to see [or find out] how the \land lies die Lage sondieren [o peilen

II. n modifier

1. MIL (attack, manoeuvre) Boden-

2. also AGR (soil) (excavation) Boden-

3. (real estate) (law, price, purchase) Grundstücks-

\land agent BRIT Grundstücksmakler(in) m(f)

\land property Grundbesitz m

\land registry Grundbuchamt nt

4. (not water) (crab, wind) Land-

III. vi

1. AVIAT, AEROSP landen

to \land on the moon auf dem Mond landen

to come in to \land zur Landung ansetzen

2. NAUT vessel anlegen, anlanden; people an Land gehen

3. (come down, fall, move to)

▪ to \land in/on sth in/auf etw dat landen

the bird escaped from the cat and \landed safely on the garden fence der Vogel entkam der Katze und landete sicher auf dem Gartenzaun

the plates \landed on the ground with a loud crash die Teller landeten mit einem lauten Knall auf dem Boden

to \land on one's feet auf den Füßen landen; ( fig) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen fig

to \land on the floor [or ground] auf dem Boden landen

to \land on a square (in games) auf einem Feld landen

▪ to \land outside sth außerhalb einer S. gen landen

the ball \landed outside the line der Ball landete außerhalb der Linie

4. (hit) blow, punch sitzen

if his punch had \landed... wenn sein Schlag getroffen hätte...

5. ( fam: end up, arrive) landen fam

why do the difficult translations always \land on my desk? warum landen die schwierigen Übersetzungen immer auf meinem Tisch? fam

this report \landed on my desk this morning dieser Bericht landete heute Morgen auf meinem Tisch fam

IV. vt

1. (bring onto land)

to \land an aircraft [or a plane] ein Flugzeug landen

to \land a boat ein Boot an Land ziehen

to \land a fish einen Fisch an Land ziehen

to \land a plane on water mit einem Flugzeug auf dem Wasser landen, ein Flugzeug wassern fachspr

2. (unload)

▪ to \land sth etw an Land bringen

to \land a cargo eine Ladung löschen

to \land fish [at the port] Fisch anlanden

to \land passengers Passagiere von Bord [gehen] lassen

to \land troops Truppen anlanden

3. ( fam: obtain)

▪ to \land sth contract, offer, job etw an Land ziehen fig fam

to \land oneself a good job sich dat einen guten Job angeln fam

4. ( fam: burden)

▪ to \land sb with sth jdm etw aufhalsen fam

I've been \landed with the job of sorting out his mistakes ich habe es aufgehalst bekommen, seine Fehler auszubügeln fam

▪ to be \landed with sb jdn am Hals haben fam

5. ( fam: place)

▪ to \land sb in sth jdn in etw akk bringen

she was arrested and \landed in jail sie wurde verhaftet und ins Gefängnis gesteckt fam

that could have \landed you in jail deswegen hättest du im Gefängnis landen können fam

the demonstration \landed some of the protesters in jail einige Demonstranten wurden während der Kundgebung in Haft genommen

you've really \landed me in it! da hast du mich aber ganz schön reingeritten! fam

to \land sb in bankruptcy jdn Bankrott machen

to \land sb in serious trouble jdn in ernsthafte Schwierigkeiten bringen

6.

▶ to \land oneself/sb in hot [or deep] water sich selbst/jdn in große Schwierigkeiten bringen

* * *
[lnd]
1. n

1) (= not sea) Land nt

by land — auf dem Landweg

by land and sea — zu Land und zu Wasser

as they approached land — als sie sich dem Land näherten

to see how the land lies (lit) — das Gelände erkunden or auskundschaften; (fig) die Lage sondieren or peilen

the lay or lie of the land (lit) —

until I've seen the lay or lie of the land (fig) for land's sake ( US inf ) —, inf ) um Himmels willen

See:

→ dry land

2) (= nation, region also fig) Land nt

to be in the land of the living — unter den Lebenden sein

3) (as property) Grund und Boden m; (= estates) Ländereien pl

to own land — Land besitzen

she's bought a piece of land — sie hat ein Stück Land or (for building) ein Grundstück gekauft

get off my land! — verschwinden Sie von meinem Grundstück or von meinem Grund und Boden!

4) (AGR) Land nt; (= soil) Boden m

to return to the land — zur Scholle zurückkehren

to work on the land — das Land bebauen

the drift from the land — die Landflucht

2. vt

1) (NAUT) passengers absetzen, von Bord gehen lassen; troops landen; goods an Land bringen, löschen; fish at port anlanden; boat an Land ziehen

he landed the boat on the beach — er zog das Boot an den Strand

2) (AVIAT) passengers absetzen, von Bord gehen lassen; troops landen; goods abladen

to land a plane —

the helicopter landed a doctor on the ship — der Hubschrauber setzte einen Arzt auf dem Schiff ab

scientists will land a space probe on the moon — Wissenschaftler werden eine Raumsonde auf dem Mond landen

3) fish on hook an Land ziehen

4) (inf: obtain) kriegen (inf); contract sich (dat) verschaffen; prize (sich dat) holen (inf); job an Land ziehen (inf)

she finally landed him — sie hat sich (dat) ihn schließlich geangelt (inf)

5) (Brit inf) blow landen (inf)

he landed him one, he landed him a punch on the jaw — er versetzte ihm or landete bei ihm einen Kinnhaken

6) (inf: place) bringen

like that will land you in trouble/jail — bei einem solchen Betragen wirst du noch mal Ärger bekommen/im Gefängnis landen

it landed me in a mess — dadurch bin ich in einen ganz schönen Schlamassel (inf) geraten or gekommen

I've landed myself in a real mess — ich bin (ganz schön) in die Klemme geraten (inf)

his attitude landed him in trouble — durch seine Einstellung handelte er sich (dat) Ärger ein

buying the house landed him in debt — durch den Kauf des Hauses verschuldete er sich

being overdrawn could land you with big bank charges — wenn man sein Konto überzieht, kann einen das hohe Bankgebühren kosten

7) (inf

= lumber) to land sb with sth — jdm etw aufhalsen (inf) or andrehen

I got landed with the job — man hat mir die Arbeit aufgehalst (inf)

I got landed with him for two hours — ich hatte ihn zwei Stunden lang auf dem Hals

3. vi

1) (from ship) an Land gehen

2) (AVIAT) landen; (bird, insect) landen, sich setzen

as it landed (Aviat) — bei der Landung

we're coming in to land — wir setzen zur Landung an

3) (= fall, be placed, strike) landen

the bomb landed on the building — die Bombe fiel auf das Gebäude

to land on one's feet (lit) — auf den Füßen landen; (fig) auf die Füße fallen

to land on one's head — auf den Kopf fallen

he landed awkwardly — er ist ungeschickt aufgekommen or gelandet (inf)

* * *

land [lænd]

A s

1. Land n (Ggs Meer, Wasser, Luft):

by land zu Land(e), auf dem Landweg(e);

by land and sea zu Wasser und zu Lande;

see ( oder find out) how the land lies fig

a) die Lage peilen umg,

b) sich einen Überblick verschaffen;

make land SCHIFF

a) Land sichten,

b) das (Fest)Land erreichen

2. Land n, Boden m

3. Land n (Ggs Stadt):

back to the land zurück aufs Land

4. JUR

a) Land-, Grundbesitz m, Grund m und Boden m

b) pl Ländereien pl, Güter pl

5. Land n, Staat m, Volk n, Nation f:

Land of Enchantment US (Beiname für den Staat) New Mexico n;

Land of Opportunity US (Beiname für den Staat) Arkansas n;

Land of Promise → Promised Land

6. WIRTSCH natürliche Reichtümer pl (eines Landes)

7. fig Land n, Gebiet n, Reich n:

the land of dreams das Reich oder Land der Träume;

the land of the living das Diesseits; → milk A 1, nod C 2

8. Feld n (zwischen den Zügen des Gewehrlaufs)

B v/i

1. FLUG landen, SCHIFF auch anlegen

2. oft land up landen, (an)kommen:

land in a ditch in einem Graben landen;

land up in prison im Gefängnis landen;

land second SPORT an zweiter Stelle landen

3. umg einen Schlag oder Treffer landen:

land on sb

a) bei jemandem einen Treffer landen,

b) fig es jemandem geben umg

C v/t

1. Personen, Güter, ein Flugzeug landen:

land goods Güter ausladen (SCHIFF auch löschen)

2. einen Fisch etc an Land ziehen

3. besonders Fahrgäste absetzen:

the cab landed him at the station;

he was landed in the mud er landete im Schlamm

4. jemanden bringen:

that will land you in prison;

land o.s. ( oder be landed) in trouble in Schwierigkeiten geraten oder kommen;

land sb in trouble jemanden in Schwierigkeiten bringen

5. land sb with sth, land sth onto sb umg jemandem etwas aufhalsen

6. umg einen Schlag oder Treffer landen, anbringen:

he landed him one er knallte ihm eine, er verpasste ihm eins oder ein Ding

7. umg jemanden, etwas kriegen, erwischen:

the police have landed the criminal;

land a husband sich einen Mann angeln;

land a prize sich einen Preis holen, einen Preis ergattern

8. land sb sth umg jemandem etwas einbringen

* * *
1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. (solid part of the earth) Land, das

by land — auf dem Landweg

on land — zu Lande; (not in air) auf dem Boden; (not in or on water) an Land

2) no indef. art. (expanse of country) Land, das

see how the land lies — (fig.) herausfinden, wie die Dinge liegen; see also lie II 1. 1)

3) no pl., no indef. art. (ground for farming or building, property) Land, das

work the land — das Land bebauen

live off the land — sich von dem ernähren, was das Land hergibt

4) (country) Land, das

the greatest in the land — der/die Größte im ganzen Land
2. transitive verb
1) (set ashore) [an]landen [Truppen, Passagiere, Waren, Fang]

2) (Aeronaut.) landen [[Wasser]flugzeug]

3) (bring into a situation)

land oneself in trouble — sich in Schwierigkeiten bringen; sich (Dat.) Ärger einhandeln (ugs.)

land somebody in [the thick of] it — jemanden [ganz schön] reinreiten (salopp)

4) (deal) landen [Schlag]

land somebody one — jemandem einen Schlag verpassen (ugs.)

5) (burden)

land somebody with something, land something on somebody — jemandem etwas aufhalsen (ugs.)

be landed with somebody/something — jemanden auf dem Hals haben (ugs.) /etwas aufgehalst bekommen (ugs.)

6)

land a fish — einen Fisch an Land ziehen

7) (fig.): (succeed in obtaining) an Land ziehen (ugs.)
3. intransitive verb
1) [Boot usw.:] anlegen, landen; [Passagier:] aussteigen ( from aus)

we landed at Dieppe — wir gingen in Dieppe an Land

2) (Aeronaut.) landen; (on water) [auf dem Wasser] aufsetzen

be about to land — zur Landung angesetzt haben; gerade landen

3) (alight) landen; [Ball:] aufkommen

land on one's feet — auf den Füßen landen; (fig.) [wieder] auf die Füße fallen

Phrasal Verbs:

- land back

- land up

* * *

adj.

landen adj. n.

Boden ¨-- m.

Bundesland n.

Festland -¨er n.

Land ¨-er n. v.

landen v.

English-german dictionary > land

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make good — verb act as promised (Freq. 1) make good on promises • Hypernyms: ↑observe, ↑keep • Verb Frames: Somebody s something * * * phrasal : to make valid or complete … Useful english dictionary
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Good breeding — Good Good, a. [Compar. {Better}; superl. {Best}. These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G[=o]d, akin to D. goed, OS. g[=o]d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g[=o][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Good cheap — Good Good, a. [Compar. {Better}; superl. {Best}. These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G[=o]d, akin to D. goed, OS. g[=o]d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g[=o][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Good consideration — Good Good, a. [Compar. {Better}; superl. {Best}. These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G[=o]d, akin to D. goed, OS. g[=o]d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g[=o][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Good for nothing — Good Good, a. [Compar. {Better}; superl. {Best}. These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G[=o]d, akin to D. goed, OS. g[=o]d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g[=o][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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