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until+when

  • 1 cum or (earlier) quom (not quum)

        cum or (earlier) quom (not quum) conj.    [1 CA-].    I. Prop., of time (cum temporale), constr. with indic. in an independent assertion; with subj. in a subordinate statement.—Fixing a point of time, when, at the time when: Lacrumo, quom in mentem venit, now that, T.: auditis, cum ea breviter dicuntur: eo cum venio: Postera cum lustrabat terras dies, V.: cum contionem habuit: cum proxime Romae fui: cum Italia vexata est: cum stellas fugarat dies, V.: quom non potest haberi, cupis, T.: tempus cum pater iacebat: eo tempore, cum necesse erat: memini noctis illius, cum pollicebar: tunc, cum adempta sunt arma, L.: etiam tum, cum verisimile erit, latratote, not until: cum peroraro, tum requiratis: cum signum dedero, tum invadite, L.: sese, cum opus esset, signum daturum, Cs.: sua bona, cum causae dicendae data facultas sit, tum se experturum, L. — Fixing or defining a period of time, when, while, during the time that, as, as long as, after: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim quom dabam? T.: risum vix tenebam, cum comparabas, etc.: tum, cum illum exterminari volebam, putabam, etc.: Hasdrubal, cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphaeum erat, L.—Of repeated action, when, whenever, at times when, as often as, always... when, if: omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, T.: cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi: Cum furit... Profuit aestūs avertere, V.: cum cogniti sunt, retinent caritatem: cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur, never until.—In clauses stating a fact, the point or period of time fixed by the main sentence (cum inversum), when, at the time when, and at this time, and meanwhile, and yet: longe iam abieram, quom sensi, T.: dies nondum decem intercesserant, cum filius necatur: Vix ea fatus erat, cum scindit se nubes, V.: multum diei processerat, cum etiamtum eventus in incerto erat, S.: nondum lucebat, cum scitum est: iamque hoc facere apparabant, cum matres procurrerunt, Cs.: Et iam phalanx ibat... flammas cum puppis Extulerat, V.: anni sunt octo, cum interea invenitis, etc.: cum interim milites domum obsidere coeperunt: nondum centum anni sunt, cum lata lex est.—Describing a time by natural events, when, while, as soon as: ipsi, cum iam dilucesceret, deducuntur: cum lux adpropinquaret.—In narration, describing the occasion or circumstances of an action (cum historicum), when, on the occasion that, under the circumstances that, while, after.—With imperf: Magistratus quom ibi adesset, occeptast agi, T.: Marius, cum secaretur, vetuit se adligari: Caesar cum ab hoste non amplius abesset... legati revertuntur, Cs.: heri, cum vos non adessetis: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, ‘cita,’ inquit, etc., L.: Socrates, cum XXX tyranni essent, pedem portā non extulit, as long as: vidi, Cum tu terga dares, O.: is cum interrogaretur... respondit.—With maxime, just as, precisely when: Caesar, cum maxime furor arderet Antoni, exercitum comparavit: cum maxime agmen explicaretur, adoriuntur, L. — With perf: hic pagus, cum domo exisset, Cassium interfecerat, Cs.: cum domos vacuas fecissent, iunguntur nuptiis, L.: cum fanum expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas. — Of repeated occasions, when, whenever, on every occasion that, as often as.—With imperf: dispersos, cum longius procederent, adoriebatur, Cs.: saepe, cum aliquem videret, etc., on seeing, N.: numquam est conspectus, cum veniret. — With pluperf: Cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae effugiebant, Cs.: qui cum in convivium venisset: quantum obfuit multis, cum fecissent, etc.—Describing a time named in the principal sentence, when, such that, in which: Si ullum fuit tempus quom ego fuerim, etc., T.: fuit antea tempus, cum Galli superarent, Cs.: vigesimo anno, cum tot praetores in provinciā fuissent: eodem anno, cum omnia infida essent, L.: biduum supererat, cum frumentum metiri oporteret, in which, Cs.: fuit cum arbitrarer, etc.: audivi cum diceret, etc.—    II. Meton., of identical actions, when, in that, by the fact that: Qui quom hunc accusant, Naevium accusant, T.: quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis: quod cum facit, iudicat, etc.: senatum intueri videor, cum te videor, L.: loco ille motus est, cum ex urbe est depulsus: quod cum dederis, illud dederis, ut, etc.: illa scelera, cum eius domum evertisti (which you committed) in uprooting: purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur.—In hypothesis, assuming a fact, when, if: ad cuius fidem confugiet, cum per eius fidem laeditur, etc.—Contrary to fact, when, if, if at such a time: haec neque cum ego dicerem, neque cum tu negares, magni momenti nostra esset oratio: quod esset iudicium, cum tres... adsedissent?—Explaining a feeling, etc., that, because, for: Dis habeo gratiam, Quom adfuerunt liberae, T.: gratulor tibi, cum tantum vales. — As connective, correl. with tum, while, when; cum... tum, as... so, both... and, and besides, while... especially: Quom id mihi placebat, tum omnes bona dicere, T.: cum omnes eo convenerant, tum navium quod ubique fuerat coëgerant, Cs.: qui cum multa providit, tum quod te consulem non vidit: movit patres cum causa, tum auctor, L.—In the adverb. phrase cum maxime, with ellips. of predicate, in the highest degree, most: hanc Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus, as much as ever, T.: ea, quae fiunt cum maxime, i. e. at this very moment: sed cum maxime tamen hoc significabat, precisely this: quae multos iam annos, et nunc cum maxime, cupit.—    III. Praegn., giving a cause or reason (cum causale), when, since, because, inasmuch as, seeing that, in that, in view of the fact that: haud invito sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom... intellego, T.: Deos quaeso ut sit superstes, Quom veritust facere, etc., T.: an pater familiarissimis suscensuit, cum Sullam laudarent? for praising: quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.: cum longinqua instet militia, commeatum do, L.: cum tanta multitudo tela conicerent, potestas erat, etc., Cs.: cum esset egens, coepit, etc.: Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, obsides imperat, Cs.—So often nunc cum, now that, since in fact: nunc vero cum sit unus Pompeius.—Often with praesertim, especially since, more than all when: nam puerum non tollent... Praesertim quom sit, etc., T.: cum praesertim vos aliam miseritis.—With quippe, since evidently, since of course: nihil est virtute amabilius... quippe cum propter virtutem diligamus, etc. — In contrasts, when, while, whereas, while on the contrary, and yet (cum adversativum): finem faciam dicundi, quom ipse finem non facit? T.: quo tandem ore mentionem facitis... cum fateamini, etc.: cum maximis eum rebus liberares... culpam relinquebas: simulat se confiteri, cum interea aliud machinetur.—In concessions, when, although, notwithstanding (cum concessivum): nil quom est, nil defit tamen, T.: pecuniam facere cum posset, non statuit: cum aquae vim vehat ingentem (Druentia), non tamen navium patiens est, L.: patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, ingulastis: quam causam dixerat, cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset?

    Latin-English dictionary > cum or (earlier) quom (not quum)

  • 2 dum

    dum, conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other,
    I.
    As contemporaneous, or,
    II.
    As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.
    I.
    As contemporaneous.
    A.
    Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.
    1.
    In gen., construed with the indicative, except in oratio obliqua, where the subjunctive was sometimes used. In Aug. poets and late prose the subjunctive often stands in oratio directa, v. the following).
    (α).
    Indic. praes.:

    dum cum hac usuraria Uxore mihi nunc morigero, haec curata sint Fac sis,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 25; so id. Aul. 4, 2, 14; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 11; Cic. Clu. 32 fin.; Verg. E. 3, 75; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 190 et saep.— In the praes. histor.:

    dum haec loquimur, interea loci ad macellum ubi advenimus, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 18; Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Div. in Caec. 17, 56:

    dum haec geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 1; cf.

    these forms of transition,

    id. ib. 3, 17, 1; 4, 32, 1; 4, 34, 3; 5, 22, 1; 6, 7, 1; 7, 57, 1; id. B. C. 1, 56, 1; 2, 1, 1 et saep. dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, nocte intermissa circiter hominum milia VI ad Rhenum contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 37, 1; id. ib. 1, 36, 1; Liv. 21, 7, 1; Verg. G. 4, 559.—In the imperf.:

    dum haec in Appulia gerebantur, Samnites... urbem non tenuerunt,

    Liv. 10, 36 fin.; 21, 53; 41, 14; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Tac. Agr. 41; cf.:

    dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91 —In the fut.; nunc animum advortite Dum argumentum hujus eloquar comoediae, Plaut. Am. prol. 96.—In the perf.:

    dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 292; so id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Fin. 2, 13; id. Phil. 14, 12, 33; id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Nep. Reg. 2, 2 al.—In the pluperf.:

    dum in unam partem oculos animosque hostium certamen averterat, pluribus locis scalis capitur murus,

    Liv. 32, 24.—In the fut. perf.:

    bellum ingens geret Italia... Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas,

    Verg. A. 1, 265.—Prov.:

    dum loqueris,

    i. e. this instant, Petr. 99.—In the oratio obliqua: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101; Liv. 2, 57; 26, 16; Tac. A. 15, 59; id. H. 1, 33; Ov. M. 4, 776 et saep.—
    (β).
    Subj. In oratio obliqua:

    dixisti, dum Planci in me meritum verbis extollerem, me arcem facere e cloaca,

    Cic. Planc. 40; so id. de Or. 1, 41 fin.; id. Mur. 24; id. Att. 5, 17, 3; Sall. C. 7, 6; Tac. H. 4, 17 fin. al.—In oratio recta:

    o quotiens ausae, caneret dum valle sub alta, Rumpere mugitu carmina docta boves,

    Tib. 2, 3, 19:

    dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 40, 7:

    dum ea in Samnio gererentur,

    id. 10, 18, 1; Ov. Pont. 3, 3, 2; Verg. G. 4, 457; Mart. 1, 22, 1; Hirt. B. Hisp. 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 35; id. Caes. 39; Hyg. Fab. 12 al.—
    b.
    When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in [p. 618] the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause:

    dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99:

    dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer,

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61.—
    c.
    When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause:

    dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28:

    dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur,

    Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf.

    also: dum... interim,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.—
    2.
    Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.
    a.
    In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.—
    b.
    Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109:

    dicdum,

    Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7:

    manedum,

    id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4:

    memoradum,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103:

    tacedum,

    id. Men. 2, 2, 73:

    tangedum,

    id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.:

    agedum (most freq.),

    id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.:

    agitedum,

    Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.:

    cedodum,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15:

    ehodum,

    id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. prôton men), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al.—
    B.
    With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.
    1.
    Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.—
    (β).
    Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future:

    non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

    pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2:

    ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus,

    id. B. C. 2, 20, 3:

    hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur,

    id. ib. 3, 10, 7:

    de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.). —
    b.
    With tamdiu, tantum, tantummodo, tantisper, usque; or opp. postea, postquam, deinde, ubi, nunc, etc.—With tamdiu, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3; id. Cat. 3, 7; id. de Sen. 12, 41; id. Tusc. 5, 33 fin.; id. Att. 9, 6, 5 al.—With tantum, Liv. 27, 42.—With tantummodo, Sall. J. 53, 3.—With tantisper, Plaut. Truc. prol. 11; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 54.—With usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: dum... postea, id. Mur. 12, 26—dum... postea quam, Caes. B. G. 7, 82, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 43 fin. —dum... postquam, Sall. J. 53, 3; Liv. 21, 13; cf. Ter. And. 1, 1, 27—dum... deinde, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5; Liv. 27, 42, 13—dum... sed ubi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 5—dum... nunc, Ter. And. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 11.—For tamdiu... dum, less freq. dum... dum, as long as... so long:

    sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis,

    Cat. 62, 45 and 56; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 16:

    dum habeat, dum amet,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23 (al. tum).—
    c.
    In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92.—
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive;

    freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.:

    dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97:

    licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.:

    qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur,

    id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41;

    so without a verb,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.:

    dum eatenus,

    id. 1, 11, 1.—
    (β).
    With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo:

    aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.:

    sin autem jejunitatem... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 82, 285:

    dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words:

    mea nil refert, dum patiar modo,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265.—
    (γ).
    With tamen, and, in Plautus (cf. above, 1. c.), with quidem.—With tamen, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314; Cels. 3, 4; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 2, 12, 7; 8 prooem. § 32; Dig. 39, 22, 4.—With quidem, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 20; id. Aul. 2, 2, 34; cf. the foll. number.—
    (δ).
    In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not:

    VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat,

    Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.:

    dum quidem ne,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89.—
    b.
    With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.
    II.
    In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf.

    e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere?

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.:

    ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).
    (α).
    Subj.:

    is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.:

    paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4;

    so with exspectare,

    id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.;

    with morari,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, b:

    sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.:

    multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio,

    Verg. A. 1, 5:

    ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1:

    differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.:

    dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret,

    Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.—
    (β).
    Indic.:

    tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5;

    so with opperiri,

    Cic. Att. 10, 3;

    with manere aliquem,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28;

    with exspectare,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 126;

    with morari,

    Liv. 27, 42; cf.:

    causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems,

    Verg. A. 4, 52:

    retine, dum ego huc servos evoco,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.:

    Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas,

    Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dum

  • 3 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 4 tunc

        tunc adv. demonstr., of time    [tum+ce].—Of time past, then, at that time, just then, on that occasion: ubi tunc eras?: tunc duces Nerviorum... conloqui sese velle dicunt, Cs.: iam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. tunc clamore... adiuvant militem suum, just then, L.: urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium, L.— Opposed to present time: eā lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia: cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus? L.—Of time present, now, at this time (only in nar. obliq. for nunc): quod si consulatūs tanta dulcedo sit, iam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum ab tribuniciā potestate esse, L.—Of time future, then, at that time, in that event: tunc illud vexillum... coloniae Capuae inferetur; tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur: Tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero, O.—Of succession in time, then, thereupon, forthwith, just afterwards, accordingly, consequently: Herodotus cum Romā revertitur, offendit eum mensem qui consequitur mensem comitialem. tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XXXV dies longum: is finis pugnae equestris fuit. tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios mittunt, L.: animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. tunc Caesar apud suos ‘Di<*> ferendum est’ inquit ‘iter,’ etc., Cs.: ipse quoque longinquo morbo est inplicatus, tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritūs illi feroces ut, etc., L.—Fig., of succession in thought, cum... tunc (cf. cum... tum), while... in particular, both... and above all: Vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc., Iu.—Esp., referring to a temporal clause, with cum.—Of coincidence of definite time, tunc... cum, or cum... tunc, just at the time when, just when, then... when: quo damnato tunc, cum iudicia fiebant, HS IV milibus lis aestimata est: ille eo tempore paruit cum necesse erat; vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo, etc.: Infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas, V. (Rib. tum): cum iam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc iniecta trepidatio, L.—Of indefinite time, tunc... cum, at a time when, only when, whenever: ‘arbitror,’ quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus iurati, etc.— With ubi, then, at once, forthwith, thereupon: ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni, L.—With quando, whenever (rare), C.—With an abl absol., then, thereupon, forthwith: legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit, L.—Fig., in a conclusion after si, then, therefore, consequently, in that case: si se exstinxisset, tunc victorem ausurum, etc., L.—In particular phrases, iam tunc, even at that time, as soon as that: nisi iam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem.—Tunc demum, not until then, then only, then at last, as late as that: tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam, L.: tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit, O.—Tunc primum, then for the first time, then first, not till then: quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est, S.: tunc primum circo, qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est, L.—Tunc vero, then indeed, just then, at that crisis: in perturbatos iam hostīs equos inmittunt. tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur, L.—Tunc quidem, at that time: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit; postero die, etc., L.—Tunc cum maxime, just then, precisely at that time: hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi iussit, Cu.—Tunc quoque, also then, then too, then likewise, then once morc, even then: Saepe legit flores; et tunc quoque forte legebat, O.: quin nisi... ingens accipienda clades fuerit. tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est, even as it was, L.
    * * *
    then, thereupon, at that time

    Latin-English dictionary > tunc

  • 5 dum

        dum conj.    [1 dum], while, whilst, at the time that, during the time in which, where: dum conantur, annus est, T.: dum de his disputo iudiciis: dum ea conquiruntur, ad Rhenum contenderunt, Cs.: Haec canebam, Caesar dum Fulminat, V.: haec dum geruntur: dum ea parant, L.: dum tempus teritur, repente, etc., L.: dum Appium orno, subito, etc.: ne bellum differretur, dum aeger conlega erat, L.: dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus: qui, dum ascendere conatus est, vēnit in periculum: dum oculos hostium certamen averterat, capitur murus, L.: dum ad se omnia trahant, nihil relictum esse, L.: ut, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet, Cs.: dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc., L.: Illa, dum te fugeret, non vidit, V.—Of a period of time, while, all the time that, as long as: vixit, dum vixit, bene, T.: dum ego in Siciliā sum, nulla statua deiecta est: haec civitas dum erit laetabitur: causas innecte morandi, Dum desaevit hiemps, V.: dum longius aberant Galli, posteaquam, etc., Cs.: dum auxilia sperastis, postquam, etc., L.: se duces, usque dum per me licuerit, retinuisse.—Of immediate succession, to the time when, all the time till, until: ut me maneat, dum argentum aufero, T.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas, V.: mansit usque ad eum finem, dum iudices reiecti sunt: non exspectandum sibi, dum pervenirent, Cs.: Multa passus, dum conderet urbem, V.: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira.—In restrictive clauses, as long as, if so be that, provided that, if only: dum res maneant, verba fingant: oderint, dum metuant: laborem pati, dum poenas caperent, S.—With modo (often written dummodo): mea nil re fert, dum patiar modo, T.: feram libenter, dum modo vobis salus pariatur: quālibet, dum modo tolerabili, condicione transigere.—With tamen: firmissimum quodque sit primum, dum illud tamen teneatur, etc.—With ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: dum arator ne plus decumā det: peccate, dum ego ne imiter tribunos, L.
    * * *
    while, as long as, until; provided that

    Latin-English dictionary > dum

  • 6 quo-ad

        quo-ad (monosyl., H.), adv.    —In space, as far as: quoad insequi pedes potuit, L.—Of time, to what time? till when? how long? how soon?: senem Quoad exspectatis vestrum? T.: Percontatum ibo, quoad se recipiat, T.—To the time at which, till, until: nihil (avaritia) sancti habere, quoad semet ipsa praecipitavit, S.: quoad perventum est eo: progressi, quoad capitibus exstare possunt, until only, etc., L.: existimo, consolationem recte adhibitam esse, quoad certior fieres: quoad ipse cum exercitu propius accessisset, Cs.—For what time, during what period, as long as, while: quoad potuit, restitit, Cs.: habeo tabulas omnis, patris quoad vixit, tuas quoad ais, etc.: quoad vivet: quoad Ardea vixi, L.: dicebam... quoad metueres, omnia te promissurum.—Fig., as far as, to the extent that, to the degree that: ius civile eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populo praestare voluerunt: quoad progredi potuerit amentia: ut, quoad possem et liceret, numquam discederem: quoad eius fieri possit, as far as it is possible.

    Latin-English dictionary > quo-ad

  • 7 adulescens

    ădŭlescens (only ădŏl- in the verb and part. proper), entis ( gen. plur. usu. adulescentium, e. g. Cic. Tusc. 5, 27 al.:

    adulescentum,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130).
    A.
    P. a., growing up, not yet come to full growth, young:

    eodem ut jure uti senem liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 3: uti adulescentior aetati concederet, etc.,

    Sall. H. 1, 11 (Fragm. ap. Prisc. 902).— Trop., of the new Academic philosophy:

    adulescentior Academia,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1.— Sup. and adv. not used.—
    B.
    Subst. comm. gen., one who has not yet attained maturity, a youth, a young man; a young woman, a maiden (between the puer and juvenis, from the 15th or 17th until past the 30th year, often even until near the 40th; but the same person is often called in one place adulescens, and in another juvenis, e. g. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, with Att. 2, 12; cf. id. Top. 7; often the adulescentia passes beyond the period of manhood, even to senectus; while in other cases adulescentia is limited to 25 years, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 2 Goer.: “Primo gradu usque ad annum XV. pueros dictos, quod sint puri, i. e. impubes. Secundo ad XXX. annum ab adolescendo sic nominatos,” Varr. ap. Censor. cap. 14. “Tertia (aetas) adulescentia ad gignendum adulta, quae porrigitur (ab anno XIV.) usque ad vigesimum octavum annum,” Isid. Orig. 11, 2, 4. Thus Cicero, in de Or. 2, 2, calls Crassus adulescens, though he was 34 years old; in id. Phil. 2, 44, Brutus and Cassius, when in their 40th year, are called adulescentes; and in id. ib. 46, Cicero calls himself, at the time of his consulship, i. e. in his 44th year, adulescens; cf. Manut. ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, p. 146):

    tute me ut fateare faciam esse adulescentem moribus,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 67:

    bonus adulescens,

    Ter. And. 4, 7, 4:

    adulescentes bonā indole praediti,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26:

    adulescens luxu perditus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 42:

    adulescens perditus et dissolutus,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Vulg. Gen. 34, 19; ib. Matt. 19, 20.—Homo and adulescens are often used together:

    amanti homini adulescenti,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 94; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 53; Cic. Fam. 2, 15:

    hoc se labore durant homines adulescentes,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. C. 38; id. J. 6; Liv. 2, 6.— Fem.:

    optimae adulescenti facere injuriam,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 8:

    Africani filia adulescens,

    Cic. Div. 1, 18 fin. The young Romans who attended the proconsuls and propraetors in the provinces were sometimes called adulescentes (commonly contubernales), Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 51. Sometimes adulescens serves to distinguish the younger of two persons of the same name:

    Brutus adulescens,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 87: P. Crassus adulescens, id. ib. 1, 52, and 3, 7:

    L. Caesar adulescens,

    id. B. C. 1, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adulescens

  • 8 donec

    dōnĕc, conj. [shortened from ante- and post-class. form dōnĭcum, from old dative doni (dioni; for root, etc., v. dies) and conj. cum; prop. at the time of day when; form donicum, Liv. And., Cato and Plaut. ap. Charis. p. 178 P.; Cato, R. R. 146, 2; 149, 2; 161, 3; Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 19; id. Capt. 2, 2, 89; id. Most. 1. 2, 34; id. Ps. 4, 7, 72; id. Truc. 1, 1, 18; Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 692 P.; Nep. Ham. 1, 4.—In the Inscr. of Orell. 4370 DONIQVIES is i. q. DONIQUE IS, and donique = donicum; so,

    donique,

    Lucr. 2, 1116; 5, 708 Lachm.].—Donec denotes the relation of two actions in time,
    I.
    As contemporaneous, as long as, while, during the time in which; or,
    II.
    As in immediate succession, until, up to the time at which (synonymous with dum, I. B. and II.—in the ante-class. and postAug. periods freq.; four times in Cic. only in signif. II. with indic.; not in Caes.).
    I.
    As long as, while (so perh. not till the Aug. period).
    (α).
    With indic.:

    neque dulces amores Sperne, puer, Donec virenti canities abest,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 17:

    donec gratus eram tibi, etc.... Persarum vigui rege beatior... Donec non alia magis Arsisti, etc.... Romanà vigui clarior Iliā,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 1, and 5; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 53; Liv. 2, 49; 6, 13; Tac. A. 14, 50; id. H. 4, 12; id. Or. 8; 40 al.:

    donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    (elephanti) nihil sane trepidabant, donec continenti velut ponte agerentur,

    Liv. 21, 28 fin.; Tac. A. 1, 51:

    edixit ne quis militis, donec in castris esset, bona possideret, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 24; 4, 2; 60; 21, 10; 25, 11; Tac. H. 4, 35; id. A. 15, 64 al.
    II.
    Until, till at length (so in all periods).
    (α).
    With indic. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

    575): ne quoquam exurgatis, donec a me erit signum datum,

    Plaut. Bacch, 4, 4, 106:

    haud desinam, donec perfecero hoc,

    Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 73; cf. ib. 4, 1, 24:

    neque tamen finis... fiebat, donec populus senatum coëgit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87; id. Tull. 6, 14:

    hic regnabitur... donec regina sacerdos geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem,

    Verg. A. 1, 273; id. G. 4, 413 et saep.:

    neque credebam Donec Sosia fecit sibi uti crederem,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 51.—So with perf., Lucr. 2, 1130; Liv. praef. 3, 48; 23, 31; Prop. 1, 9, 29; Verg. E. 6, 85; id. A. 2, 630; Hor. S. 1, 3, 103; id. Ep. 1, 10, 35 et saep.:

    me attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo abluero,

    Verg. A. 2, 720:

    socii consurgere tonsis... Donec rostra tenent siccum, etc.,

    id. ib. 10, 301; cf. id. ib. 268; Val. Fl. 8, 290; Liv. 1, 54 fin. —
    (β).
    With subj.:

    Actia pugna refertur, donec alterutrum velox Victoria fronde coronet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 63.—So in the praes., Quint. 1, 1, 33; Tac. A. 2, 6; id. H. 5, 6; id. G. 1; 20 al.—In the imperf., Verg. A. 11, 860; Sen. Ep. 70; Quint. 11, 3, 6; Tac. H. 1, 13; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 6:

    trepidationis aliquantum edebant, donec quietem ipse timor fecisset,

    Liv. 21, 28 fin. —So with pluperf., Liv. 45, 7 fin. —
    (γ).
    Ellipt. without a verb:

    neque quisquam hominem conspicatu'st donec in navi super,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 82; cf. in foll. b.
    (γ).
    .—
    b.
    With usque, usque adeo, usque eo, eo usque, in tantum.
    (α).
    With indic.:

    ibo odorans usque donec persecutus volpem ero vestigiis,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 114; id. Rud. 3, 4, 11; Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 6:

    id. aliquoties in die facito usque adeo donec sal desiverit tabescere biduum,

    Cato R. R. 88, 1; so id. ib. § 2; Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 40; Ter. And. 4, 1, 38:

    usque eo timui, ne, etc.... donec ad reiciendos judices venimus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6 fin.:

    eo usque me vivere vultis, donec haud ambiguum regem mea morte faciam,

    Liv. 40, 8 fin.:

    (humum) in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit,

    Col. 3, 13, 9.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    usque Sessuri, donec cantor "Vos plaudite" dicat,

    Hor. A. P. 155:

    ni istunc invitassitis Usque adeo, donec, qua domum abeat nesciat, Peristis ambo,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 32:

    nec eo usque trahatur spiritus donec deficiat,

    Quint. 11, 3, 53.—
    (γ).
    Ellipt. without a verb usque illud visumst Pamphilo ne utiquam grave, Donec jam in ipsis nuptiis, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 51; cf. above, a.
    (γ).
    .—
    B.
    With negatives, donec often limits the time within which something is done or to be done, without implying that it is done or to be done after the limit; Engl., till, before, within a certain time:

    moveri vetuisse puerum, donec experrectus sit,

    Liv. 1, 39, 2; Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

    si respexis, donicum ego te jussero, te dedam, etc.,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 19; id. Most. 1, 2, 35; Tac. A. 2, 82. Cf. Hand, Turs. II. 291-299.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > donec

  • 9 fīnis

        fīnis is, m (often f in sing., C., V., H., O.)    [2 FID-], that which divides, a boundary, limit, border: loci: imperi, S.: haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris, L.: arbiter Nolanis de finibus: inter eos finīs, quos feci, L.— A mark, starting-point, goal: finibus omnes Prosiluere suis, V.: trans finem iaculo expedito, H.: Solus superest in fine, at the goal, V.— Borders, territory, land, country: iter in Santonum finīs facere, Cs.: his finibus eiectus sum, S.: alienos populari finīs, L.: Atlanteus, the remote land of Atlas, H.—Abl. with gen, up to, as far as: matres pectoris fine prominentes, Cs.: Fine genūs succincta, O.—Fig., a limit, bound: ingeni sui fines: finem aequitatis transire: finem potentia caeli Non habet, O.: sunt certi denique fines, H.: intra Naturae finīs vivere, H.— An end, termination, close, conclusion, period, stop: finem iniuriis facturus, Cs.: orandi finem face, T.: scribendi: vitae: orationi finem facere: operum, H.: Imperium sine fine, everlasting, V.: Poscens sine fine Oscula, O.: usque ad eum finem, dum, etc., until the time when: quem ad finem sese iactabit audacia? till when?: quem ad finem? how long? —An end, death: invidiam supremo fine domari, H.: quem tibi Finem di dederint, H.— An end, extremity, highest point, greatest degree, summit: omnia: fines bonorum et malorum, i. e. supreme good and evil: honorum: aequi iuris, Ta.— An end, purpose, aim, object: domūs finis est usus: Quae finis standi? V.
    * * *
    boundary, end, limit, goal; (pl.) country, territory, land

    Latin-English dictionary > fīnis

  • 10 iam

        iam adj.    I. Of time, at the moment, at the present moment, now, at this time, just now, at present: iam satis credis sobrium esse me, T.: saltūs reficit iam roscida luna, V.: Iam melior, iam, diva, precor, V.: iura ipsa iam certa propter vetustatem: iam iam intellego quid dicas, now, precisely now: Iam iam nulla mora est, V.—At the moment, just, at the time spoken of, then, now: iam ut limen exirem, T.: iam invesperascebat, L.: Helvetii iam traduxerant, etc., Cs.—Just, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago: primum iam de amore hoc comperit, T.: hiems iam praecipitaverat, Cs.: domum quam tu iam exaedificatum habebas.—Just now, forthwith, immediately, presently, straightway, directly: iam adero, T.: cum iam te adventare arbitraremur: iam faciam quod voltis, H.: Accede ad ignem... iam calesces, T.: iam hic conticescet furor, L.: Iam te premet nox, H.: Sed iam age, carpe viam, V.: Iam iam futurus rusticus, H.: iam inde a principio, from the very beginning: iam inde a consulatu meo, ever since.—Already, by this time, ere now, so soon: (animi) aut iam exhausti aut mox exhauriendi, L.: quia luserat Iam olim ille ludum, T.: vos, quem ad modum iam antea, defendite: antea iam, S.—At last, now, only now: iamque eum ad sanitatem reverti arbitrabatur, Cs.: iam tandem, L., V.—Already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto: amisso iam tempore: quos iam aetas a proeliis avocabat.—Until now, ever, all the time: dederas enim iam ab adulescentiā documenta: iam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc.: iam inde a puero, T.: iam ex quo, ever since, L.—With a neg, no longer: si iam principatum obtinere non possint, Cs.: si iam non potestis: cum iam defenderet nemo, Cs.: cum nulla iam proscriptionis mentio fieret: Nullane iam Troiae dicentur moenia? never more, V.— With comp, from time to time, gradually: inferiora habent rivos et iam humano cultu digniora loca, L.—In phrases, iam iamque, once and again, continually, every moment: iam iamque esse moriendum, that death is always impending: Caesar adventare iam iamque nuntiabatur, Cs.: iam iamque tenere Sperat, O.: iam iamque magis, more and more, V.: iam nunc, just now, at this very moment, even at this time: quae cum cogito, iam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.: dux, iam nunc togatus in urbe, L.: iam pridem (iampridem), long ago, long since, a long time ago: ad mortem te duci iam pridem oportebat: erat Iam pridem apud me, etc., T.: cupio equidem, et iam pridem cupio, etc., this long time: veritus ne traderetur Philippo, iam pridem hosti, L.—With dudum (iamdudum, iandudum), long since, long before, a long time ago, this long time: Iam dudum dixi idemque nunc dico, T.: quem iam dudum exspectat: iam dudum flebam, had long been weeping, O.—Forthwith, immediately, at once, directly (poet.): iam dudum sumite poenas, V.: expulsi iam dudum monte iuvenci petunt, etc., O.—With tum, at that very time, even then, then already: iam tum erat suspitio, etc., T.: se iam tum gessisse pro cive: iam tum dicione tenebat Sarrastīs populos, V.—With tunc, at that very time, even then: nisi iam tunc omnia negotia confecissem.—With diu, this long time, see diu.    II. Of assurance, in a conclusion, now, then surely, then, at once, no doubt: si cogites, remittas iam me onerare iniuriis, T.: si iubeat eo dirigi, iam in portu fore classem, L.: iam hoc scitis: quae cum ita sint, ego iam hinc praedico, L.—In transitions, now, moreover, again, once more, then, besides: iam de artificiis... haec fere accepimus: iam illud senatus consultum, quod, etc.: at enim iam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si, etc. —In enumerations, besides, too: et aures... itemque nares... iam gustatus... tactus autem.— Repeated: iam... iam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that, once... again: Qui iam contento, iam laxo fune laborat, H.: iam secundae, iam adversae res, L.—For emphasis, now, precisely, indeed: quem iam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio: cetera iam fabulosa, Ta.—With et: et iam, and indeed, and in fact: et iam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus: et orare et iam liberius accusare.—Rarely with ergo: iam ergo aliquis Condemnavit, in very truth.—After non modo... sed, now, even, I may say: non cum senatu modo, sed iam cum diis bellum gerere, L. —In climax, now, even, indeed, really: iam in opere quis par Romano miles? L.: iam illa perfugia minime sunt audienda.

    Latin-English dictionary > iam

  • 11 quoūsque or quo ūsque

        quoūsque or quo ūsque adv.,    until what time, till when, how long: quae quo usque tandem patiemini, S.: quousque humi defixa tua mens erit?: quo usque tandem abutere patientiā nostrā?

    Latin-English dictionary > quoūsque or quo ūsque

  • 12 quousque

    Latin-English dictionary > quousque

  • 13 donec

    up to the time when, until, as long as, while.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > donec

  • 14 admodum

    ad-mŏdum, adv. [modus], prop., to the measure or limit (scarcely found in the poets, except the comic poets);

    as, postea ubi occipiet fervere, paulisper demittito, usque admodum dum quinquies quinque numeres,

    quite to the limit till you count, until you count, Cato, R. R. 156, 2 (like fere and omnino, freq. put after its word).— Hence,
    I.
    To a (great) measure, in a high degree, much, very. —With adj., P. adj., vbs., and adv.
    (α).
    With adj.:

    admodum causam gravem,

    Lucil. 29, 19 Müll.:

    admodum antiqui,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 47:

    admodum amplum et excelsum,

    id. Verr. 4, 74:

    utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

    id. Lael. 4, 16; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 10:

    nec admodum in virum honorificum,

    Liv. 6, 34, 8:

    in quo multum admodum fortunae datur,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

    neque admodum sunt multi,

    Nep. Reg. 1, 1:

    admodum magnis itineribus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

    admodum pauci,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 36; 14, 27; id. N. D. 3, 69; Tac. G. 18:

    pauci admodum,

    Liv. 10, 41:

    iter angustum admodum,

    Sall. J. 92:

    admodum nimia ubertas,

    very excessive, Col. 4, 21:

    admodum dives,

    Suet. Caes. 1:

    brevis admodum,

    id. ib. 56.—And strengthened by quam, q. v. (only before and after the class. per.):

    hic admodum quam saevus est,

    very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

    voce admodum quam suavi,

    Gell. 19, 9 (on this use of quam, cf. Rudd. II. p. 307, n. 15).—
    (β).
    With part. adj.:

    admodum iratum senem,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 13:

    iratum admodum,

    id. Ad. 3, 3, 49:

    natio admodum dedita religionibus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

    prorae admodum erectae,

    id. ib. 3, 13:

    admodum mitigati,

    Liv. 1, 10:

    munitus admodum,

    Tac. A. 2, 80:

    admodum fuit militum virtus laudanda,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8.—Esp. is it joined (like komidêi in Dem.) with words denoting age; as, puer, adulescens, juvenis, senex, to enhance the idea (for which in some cases the dim. or the prefix per- is used;

    as, puellus, adulescentulus, peradulescentulus): Catulus admodum tum adulescens,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 13, 47; Tac. A. 1, 3:

    puer admodum,

    Liv. 31, 28; Sen. Brev. Vit. 7, 3; Quint. 12, 6, 1:

    admodum infans,

    Tac. A. 4, 13:

    juvenis admodum,

    id. H. 4, 5:

    fratres admodum juvenes,

    Curt. 7, 2, 12:

    admodum senex,

    Eutr. 8, 1:

    admodum parvulus,

    Just. 17, 3:

    non admodum grandem natu,

    Cic. Sen. 4, 10.— Also with dim.: neque admodum adulescentulus est, Naev. ap. Sergium ad Don. Keil, Gr. Lat. IV. p. 559 (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11):

    hic admodum adulescentulus est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90; so Nep. Ham. 1, 1 (cf. peradulescentulus, id. Eum. 1, 4), and Tac. A. 4, 44.—
    (γ).
    With verbs (in earlier Latin, mostly with delectare, diligere, placere): haec anus admodum frigultit, Enn. ap. Fulg. p. 175:

    irridere ne videare et gestire admodum,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 125:

    neque admodum a pueris abscessit,

    Naev. Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11:

    me superiores litterae tuae admodum delectaverunt,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 19; id. Att. 7, 24:

    ejus familiarissimos, qui me admodum diligunt,

    id. Fam. 4, 13:

    stomacho admodum prodest,

    Plin. 20, 3, 7, § 13:

    bucinum pelagio admodum adligatur,

    id. 9, 38, 62, § 134:

    (familia) ipsa admodum floruit,

    Suet. Tib. 3:

    Marius auctis admodum copiis... vicit,

    Flor. 1, 36, 13 Halm.—
    (δ).
    With adv.:

    haec inter nos nuper notitia admodum est,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1: si quando demersimus, aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, Cic. Ac. ap. Non. 7, 57: acipenser, qui admodum raro capitur, id. de Fato ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    raro admodum admonitu amicorum... uti solebat,

    Curt. 4, 13, 25:

    ubi satis admodum suorum animos est expertus,

    Liv. 34, 13, 4 Weissenb. (Hertz cancels satis): quae maxime admodum oratori accommodata est, Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 17 (Oudendorp regarded this as a mere pleonasm, and Hand seems to agree with him; Klotz and B. and K. adopt after Goerenz the reading maxime ad modum oratoris, but Hand condemned this form).—
    II.
    To a (full) measure, fully, completely, wholly, quite, absolutely.
    A.
    Of number (not used in this way by Cic., Tac., or Suet.): noctu turres admodum CXX. excitantur, full 120, Caes. B. G. 5, 40: sex milia hostium caesa;

    quinque admodum Romanorum,

    Liv. 22, 24. 14; 42, 65, 3;

    44, 43, 8: mille admodum hostium utràque pugnā occidit,

    id. 27, 30, 2:

    in laevo cornu Bactriani ibant equites, mille admodum,

    a round thousand, Curt. 4, 12, 3: mille admodum equites praemiserat, quorum paucitate Alexander, etc., a thousand, but not more (as the context requires), id. 4, 9, 24:

    congregati admodum quingenti sponsos hostes consectantur, trucidatisque admodum novem milibus, etc.,

    Just. 24, 1.
    ► The meaning, circiter, fere, about, near, or nearly, which used to be assigned to this head, as by Graevius ad Just.
    24, 26, Gronovius ad Liv. 27, 30, 2, is rejected by recent scholars, as Hand, Turs. I. p. 175 sq., and by Corradini, Lex. Lat. s. h. v.
    B.
    Of time:

    legati ex Macedonia exacto admodum mense Februario redierunt,

    when February was fully ended, Liv. 43, 11, 9:

    Alexandri filius, rex Syriae, decem annos admodum habens,

    just ten years, Liv. Epit. 55:

    post menses admodum septem occiditur,

    Just. 17, 2, 3.—
    C.
    With negatives, just, at all, absolutely:

    equestris pugna nulla admodum fuit,

    no engagement with the cavalry at all, Liv. 23, 29, 14:

    armorum magnam vim transtulit, nullam pecuniam admodum,

    id. 40, 59, 2:

    horunc illa nibilum quidquam facere poterit admodum,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 65:

    Curio litterarum admodum nihil sciebat,

    Cic. Brut. 58, 210:

    oratorem plane quidem perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit, Demosthenem facile dixeris,

    id. 9, 35: alter non multum, alter nihil admodum scripti reliquit (by the latter is meant Antonius, who indeed, acc. to Brut. 44, 163, left a treatise de ratione dicendi, but no written oration at all, by which his eloquence could be judged), id. Or. 38, 132; id. Clu. 50, 140; id. Or. 2, 2, 8; eirôneia a tropo genere ipso nihil admodum distat, Quint. 9, 2, 44;

    quia nihil admodum super vite aut arbore colenda sciret,

    Gell. 19, 12. —
    D.
    In emphatic affirmative or corroborative answers, = maxime (Gr. panu ge), exactly, just so, quite so, certainly, yes (freq. in Plaut., only twice in Ter.); cf. the remark of Cic.: scis solere, frater, in hujusmodi sermone, ut transiri alio possit, dici Admodum aut Prorsus ita est, Leg. 3, 11, 26: nempe tu hanc dicis, quam esse aiebas dudum popularem meam. Tr. Admodum, Certainly, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 36: num quidnam ad filium haec aegritudo attinet? Ni. Admodum, It does, id. Bacch. 5, 1, 24; 4, 1, 40; id. Rud. 1, 5, 10; 1, 2, 55; 3, 6, 2; id. Ps. 4, 7, 54: Advenis modo? Pa. Admodum, Yes, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 8; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 1.
    ► Admodum with an adj.
    may have the same force as in II., in:

    quandam formam ingenii, sed admodum impolitam et plane rudem,

    absolutely without polish and altogether rude, Cic. Brut. 85, 294, compared with:

    (oratorem) plane perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit,

    id. ib. 9, 35, where the same adverbs occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > admodum

  • 15 annales

    annālis, e, adj. [annus].
    I.
    Continuing a year, annual:

    tempus, cursus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 27, 1; so Dig. 14, 2, 1; 38, 17, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Relating to the year or the age: Lex Villia Annalis, the law passed B. C. 180 by L. Villius, which determined the age necessary for election to an office of state (for the quæstorship, 31; for the office of ædile, 37; for the praetorship, 40;

    and for the consulship, 43 years): legibus annalibus grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17; cf.:

    eo anno (573 A. U. C.) rogatio primum lata est ab L. Villio tribuno plebis, quot annos nati quemque magistratum peterent caperentque. Inde cognomen familiae inditum, ut annales appellarentur,

    Liv. 40, 44; cf. also Cic. de Or. 2, 65.—
    B.
    annālis, is (abl. reg. annali, Cic. Brut. 15, 58; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; but annalei, Varr. ap. Charis. 1, 17, p. 97:

    annale,

    Ascon. ad Cic. Pis. 22, 52; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 224), subst. m. (sc. liber), most freq. in plur.: an-nāles, ium (sc. libri), an historical work, in which the occurrences of the year are chronologically recorded, chronicles, annals (diff. from historia, a philosophical narration. following the internal relation of events, Ver. Fl. ap. Gell. 5, 18; cf. Cic. Or. 20).
    1.
    Spec., from the most ancient per. down to the time of the Gracchi, when a literature had been formed, each pontifex maximus wrote down the occurrences of his year on tablets, which were hung up in his dwelling for the information of the public. Such tablets, accordingly, received the name of Annales Maximi (not to be confounded with the Libri Pontificales sive Pontificii, which contained instructions and liturgies for the holy rites). See the class. passages, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51; id. Rep. 1, 16; Fest. s. v. maximi, and cf. Creuz. ad Cic. N. D. 1, 30; id. Leg. 1, 2; Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. 1, 277 sq. From these sources the Rom. histt. drew, and hence called their works, in gen., Annales. The most renowned among the annalists of the ancient period are Q. Fabius Pictor, M. Porcius Cato, and L. Calpurnius Piso (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51); in the time of the emperors, Tacitus named one of his hist. works Annales, since in it the history of Rome, from the death of Aug. until the time of Nero, was given acc. to the annual succession of events; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 255 sq.; 301 sq.; 313 sq.; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 333, 1.—Annalis in sing., Cic. Att. 12, 23; id. Brut. 15; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101.—Adj., with liber, Ver. Fl. in the above-cited passage, and Quint. 6, 3, 68.—
    2.
    In gen., records, archives, history:

    carminibus antiquis, quod unum apud illos memoriae et annalium genus est,

    Tac. G. 2:

    annalibus traditum (est) coram rege,

    Vulg. Esth. 2, 23:

    annales priorum temporum,

    ib. ib. 6, 1.—
    C.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > annales

  • 16 annalia

    annālis, e, adj. [annus].
    I.
    Continuing a year, annual:

    tempus, cursus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 27, 1; so Dig. 14, 2, 1; 38, 17, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Relating to the year or the age: Lex Villia Annalis, the law passed B. C. 180 by L. Villius, which determined the age necessary for election to an office of state (for the quæstorship, 31; for the office of ædile, 37; for the praetorship, 40;

    and for the consulship, 43 years): legibus annalibus grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17; cf.:

    eo anno (573 A. U. C.) rogatio primum lata est ab L. Villio tribuno plebis, quot annos nati quemque magistratum peterent caperentque. Inde cognomen familiae inditum, ut annales appellarentur,

    Liv. 40, 44; cf. also Cic. de Or. 2, 65.—
    B.
    annālis, is (abl. reg. annali, Cic. Brut. 15, 58; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; but annalei, Varr. ap. Charis. 1, 17, p. 97:

    annale,

    Ascon. ad Cic. Pis. 22, 52; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 224), subst. m. (sc. liber), most freq. in plur.: an-nāles, ium (sc. libri), an historical work, in which the occurrences of the year are chronologically recorded, chronicles, annals (diff. from historia, a philosophical narration. following the internal relation of events, Ver. Fl. ap. Gell. 5, 18; cf. Cic. Or. 20).
    1.
    Spec., from the most ancient per. down to the time of the Gracchi, when a literature had been formed, each pontifex maximus wrote down the occurrences of his year on tablets, which were hung up in his dwelling for the information of the public. Such tablets, accordingly, received the name of Annales Maximi (not to be confounded with the Libri Pontificales sive Pontificii, which contained instructions and liturgies for the holy rites). See the class. passages, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51; id. Rep. 1, 16; Fest. s. v. maximi, and cf. Creuz. ad Cic. N. D. 1, 30; id. Leg. 1, 2; Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. 1, 277 sq. From these sources the Rom. histt. drew, and hence called their works, in gen., Annales. The most renowned among the annalists of the ancient period are Q. Fabius Pictor, M. Porcius Cato, and L. Calpurnius Piso (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51); in the time of the emperors, Tacitus named one of his hist. works Annales, since in it the history of Rome, from the death of Aug. until the time of Nero, was given acc. to the annual succession of events; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 255 sq.; 301 sq.; 313 sq.; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 333, 1.—Annalis in sing., Cic. Att. 12, 23; id. Brut. 15; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101.—Adj., with liber, Ver. Fl. in the above-cited passage, and Quint. 6, 3, 68.—
    2.
    In gen., records, archives, history:

    carminibus antiquis, quod unum apud illos memoriae et annalium genus est,

    Tac. G. 2:

    annalibus traditum (est) coram rege,

    Vulg. Esth. 2, 23:

    annales priorum temporum,

    ib. ib. 6, 1.—
    C.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > annalia

  • 17 annalis

    annālis, e, adj. [annus].
    I.
    Continuing a year, annual:

    tempus, cursus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 27, 1; so Dig. 14, 2, 1; 38, 17, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Relating to the year or the age: Lex Villia Annalis, the law passed B. C. 180 by L. Villius, which determined the age necessary for election to an office of state (for the quæstorship, 31; for the office of ædile, 37; for the praetorship, 40;

    and for the consulship, 43 years): legibus annalibus grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17; cf.:

    eo anno (573 A. U. C.) rogatio primum lata est ab L. Villio tribuno plebis, quot annos nati quemque magistratum peterent caperentque. Inde cognomen familiae inditum, ut annales appellarentur,

    Liv. 40, 44; cf. also Cic. de Or. 2, 65.—
    B.
    annālis, is (abl. reg. annali, Cic. Brut. 15, 58; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; but annalei, Varr. ap. Charis. 1, 17, p. 97:

    annale,

    Ascon. ad Cic. Pis. 22, 52; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 224), subst. m. (sc. liber), most freq. in plur.: an-nāles, ium (sc. libri), an historical work, in which the occurrences of the year are chronologically recorded, chronicles, annals (diff. from historia, a philosophical narration. following the internal relation of events, Ver. Fl. ap. Gell. 5, 18; cf. Cic. Or. 20).
    1.
    Spec., from the most ancient per. down to the time of the Gracchi, when a literature had been formed, each pontifex maximus wrote down the occurrences of his year on tablets, which were hung up in his dwelling for the information of the public. Such tablets, accordingly, received the name of Annales Maximi (not to be confounded with the Libri Pontificales sive Pontificii, which contained instructions and liturgies for the holy rites). See the class. passages, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51; id. Rep. 1, 16; Fest. s. v. maximi, and cf. Creuz. ad Cic. N. D. 1, 30; id. Leg. 1, 2; Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. 1, 277 sq. From these sources the Rom. histt. drew, and hence called their works, in gen., Annales. The most renowned among the annalists of the ancient period are Q. Fabius Pictor, M. Porcius Cato, and L. Calpurnius Piso (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51); in the time of the emperors, Tacitus named one of his hist. works Annales, since in it the history of Rome, from the death of Aug. until the time of Nero, was given acc. to the annual succession of events; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 255 sq.; 301 sq.; 313 sq.; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 333, 1.—Annalis in sing., Cic. Att. 12, 23; id. Brut. 15; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101.—Adj., with liber, Ver. Fl. in the above-cited passage, and Quint. 6, 3, 68.—
    2.
    In gen., records, archives, history:

    carminibus antiquis, quod unum apud illos memoriae et annalium genus est,

    Tac. G. 2:

    annalibus traditum (est) coram rege,

    Vulg. Esth. 2, 23:

    annales priorum temporum,

    ib. ib. 6, 1.—
    C.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > annalis

  • 18 Barba

    1.
    barba, ae, f. [cf. O. H. Germ. part; Germ. Bart; Engl. beard].
    I.
    Lit., the beard, of men:

    alba,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

    hirquina,

    id. Ps. 4, 2, 12:

    mollis,

    Lucr. 5, 673:

    promissa,

    long, Nep. Dat. 3, 1; Liv. 5, 41, 9; Tac. A. 2, 31; id. G. 31:

    immissa,

    Verg. A. 3, 593; Ov. M. 12, 351; Quint. 12, 3, 12:

    stiriaque inpexis induruit horrida barbis,

    Verg. G. 3, 366: submittere (as a sign of mourning). Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 24:

    prima,

    Juv. 8, 166:

    barbam tondere,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

    maxima barba,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

    major,

    id. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

    ponere,

    Hor. A. P. 298; Suet. Calig. 5; 10; id. Ner. 12:

    jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam,

    Ov. M. 13, 766:

    abradere,

    to clip off. Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 162; cf. Baumg.Crus. Suet. Caes. 45:

    rasitare,

    Gell. 3, 4: barbam vellere alicui, to pluck one by the beard (an insult), Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sapientem pascere barbam,

    i. e. to study the Stoic philosophy, id. ib. 2, 3, 35; Pers. 1, 133; 2, 28:

    capillatior quam ante barbāque majore,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13; id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

    in gens et cana barba,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6.—Sometimes in plur. of a heavy, long beard, Petr. 99, 5; App. M. 4, p. 157, 1.—The statues of the gods had barbas aureas, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    hence, barbam auream habere = deum esse,

    Petr. 58, 6; cf. Pers. 2, 56.—The ancient Romans allowed the beard to grow long (hence, barbati, Cic. Mur. 12; id. Cael. 14, 33; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62; Juv. 4, 103; and:

    dignus barbā capillisque Majorum, of an upright, honest man,

    Juv. 16, 31), until A.U.C. 454, when a certain P. Titinius Menas brought barbers to Rome from Sicily, and introduced the custom of shaving the beard, Varr R. R. 2, 11, 10; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211. Scipio Africanus was the first who caused himself to be shaved daily, Plin. 1. 1. Still, this custom seems to have become general first in the Aug. per.; cf. Boettig. Sabina, 2, p. 57 sq.; Goer. Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62.—Young men allowed the beard to grow for some years;

    hence. juvenes barbatuli or bene barbati (v. barbatulus and barbatus). It was the custom to devote the first beard cut off to some deity, esp. to Apollo, Jupiter, or Venus,

    Petr. 29; Juv. 3, 186; Suet. Ner. 12.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of animals:

    hircorum,

    Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74:

    caprarum,

    id. 26, 8, 30, § 47:

    gallinaceorum,

    id. 30, 11, 29, § 97:

    luporum,

    Hor. S. 1, 8, 42. —
    B.
    Of plants, the wool:

    nucum,

    Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 89; cf. id. 17, 23, 35, § 202.—
    C.
    Barba Jovis, a shrub, the silver-leaved woolblade: Anthyllis barba Jovis, Linn.; Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 76.
    2.
    Barba, ae, m., a Roman name, e. g. Cassius Barba, a friend of Cœsar and Antony, Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 2 sq.; id. Att. 13, 52, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Barba

  • 19 barba

    1.
    barba, ae, f. [cf. O. H. Germ. part; Germ. Bart; Engl. beard].
    I.
    Lit., the beard, of men:

    alba,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

    hirquina,

    id. Ps. 4, 2, 12:

    mollis,

    Lucr. 5, 673:

    promissa,

    long, Nep. Dat. 3, 1; Liv. 5, 41, 9; Tac. A. 2, 31; id. G. 31:

    immissa,

    Verg. A. 3, 593; Ov. M. 12, 351; Quint. 12, 3, 12:

    stiriaque inpexis induruit horrida barbis,

    Verg. G. 3, 366: submittere (as a sign of mourning). Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 24:

    prima,

    Juv. 8, 166:

    barbam tondere,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

    maxima barba,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

    major,

    id. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

    ponere,

    Hor. A. P. 298; Suet. Calig. 5; 10; id. Ner. 12:

    jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam,

    Ov. M. 13, 766:

    abradere,

    to clip off. Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 162; cf. Baumg.Crus. Suet. Caes. 45:

    rasitare,

    Gell. 3, 4: barbam vellere alicui, to pluck one by the beard (an insult), Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:

    sapientem pascere barbam,

    i. e. to study the Stoic philosophy, id. ib. 2, 3, 35; Pers. 1, 133; 2, 28:

    capillatior quam ante barbāque majore,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13; id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

    in gens et cana barba,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6.—Sometimes in plur. of a heavy, long beard, Petr. 99, 5; App. M. 4, p. 157, 1.—The statues of the gods had barbas aureas, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83;

    hence, barbam auream habere = deum esse,

    Petr. 58, 6; cf. Pers. 2, 56.—The ancient Romans allowed the beard to grow long (hence, barbati, Cic. Mur. 12; id. Cael. 14, 33; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62; Juv. 4, 103; and:

    dignus barbā capillisque Majorum, of an upright, honest man,

    Juv. 16, 31), until A.U.C. 454, when a certain P. Titinius Menas brought barbers to Rome from Sicily, and introduced the custom of shaving the beard, Varr R. R. 2, 11, 10; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211. Scipio Africanus was the first who caused himself to be shaved daily, Plin. 1. 1. Still, this custom seems to have become general first in the Aug. per.; cf. Boettig. Sabina, 2, p. 57 sq.; Goer. Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62.—Young men allowed the beard to grow for some years;

    hence. juvenes barbatuli or bene barbati (v. barbatulus and barbatus). It was the custom to devote the first beard cut off to some deity, esp. to Apollo, Jupiter, or Venus,

    Petr. 29; Juv. 3, 186; Suet. Ner. 12.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of animals:

    hircorum,

    Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74:

    caprarum,

    id. 26, 8, 30, § 47:

    gallinaceorum,

    id. 30, 11, 29, § 97:

    luporum,

    Hor. S. 1, 8, 42. —
    B.
    Of plants, the wool:

    nucum,

    Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 89; cf. id. 17, 23, 35, § 202.—
    C.
    Barba Jovis, a shrub, the silver-leaved woolblade: Anthyllis barba Jovis, Linn.; Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 76.
    2.
    Barba, ae, m., a Roman name, e. g. Cassius Barba, a friend of Cœsar and Antony, Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 2 sq.; id. Att. 13, 52, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > barba

  • 20 finis

    fīnis, is (abl. regularly fine;

    fini,

    Lucr. 1, 978;

    also fine,

    ib. 976;

    and adverb. fini, ea fini, qua fini,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. mostly ante- and post-class. and poet., and only in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.;

    rarely in class. prose,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. only Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, root bhid-, fid-, v. findo; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a boundary, limit, border, = terminus, horos.
    I.
    Lit.:

    accessit propius et jam ingrediens intra finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    fere ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae,

    Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6:

    Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses,

    Sall. J. 19, 3:

    quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi,

    as far as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5:

    quibus venientibus ad finem legatio Veientium obviam fuit,

    Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.:

    nulla legatio ad finem praesto fuerat,

    id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1:

    haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris,

    id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.:

    vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93:

    nec Mamilia lege singuli, sed ex his tres arbitri fines regemus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. rego, I. B.):

    in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt,

    id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. Fabius Labeo arbiter Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu datus... fines [p. 752] terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.:

    SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 3110:

    fines proferre, propagare,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22:

    inter eos fines, quos feci,

    Liv. 1, 18, 9:

    atque hominum finem Gades Calpenque secutus,

    Sil. 1, 141.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In plur., borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries:

    propere de finibus suis exercitus deducerent,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60:

    per agrum Sequanorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.:

    si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    civitatum fines incolere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    ego his finibus ejectus sum, quos, etc.,

    Sall. J. 14, 8:

    neque flumen neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

    id. ib. 79, 3:

    Multum interest, alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas,

    Liv. 28, 44, 2:

    veteres nullum animal sacrum in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus sacrum esset,

    where these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—
    2.
    Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as far as, a certain point (very rare):

    matresfamiliae de muro pectoris fine prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore nudo); so,

    fine inguinum ingrediuntur mare,

    Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.):

    fine genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae,

    Ov. M. 10, 536:

    per mare umbilici fine ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere nimium ansarum infimarum fini,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis fine a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.
    II.
    Trop., a limit, bound:

    Crassus mihi visus est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis paene, describere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.:

    certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, extra quos egredi non possim,

    id. Quint. 10, 35:

    finem et modum transire,

    to go beyond all bounds and measure, id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.:

    transcendere fines Juris,

    Lucr. 3, 60:

    modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 106:

    intra Naturae fines vivere,

    id. ib. 50:

    (dixit) mulierem quinque pueros enixam... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis,

    Gell. 10, 2, 1:

    consulta, quibus sedecim stipendiorum finem expresserant,

    term, limit, Tac. A. 1, 78:

    his finibus luxuriam coercere,

    Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-point in a race:

    Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels),

    Verg. A. 5, 139.—
    B.
    Transf., like telos.
    1.
    An end:

    in hoc (aequo judicio) uno denique falsae infamiae finis aliquis atque exitus reperiatur,

    Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

    dicendi finem facere,

    id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.:

    si placet, in hunc diem hactenus... finem disputandi facere,

    id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

    scribendi,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    maledictis,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 34:

    injuriis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1:

    vitae finem afferre alicui,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

    quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est,

    id. Rep. 6, 25:

    finem judiciariae controversiae constituere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

    oratio lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc.,

    as far as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

    ludus repertus, et longorum operum finis,

    Hor. A. P. 406:

    imperium sine fine,

    everlasting, Verg. A. 1, 279:

    pigetque actorum sine fine mihi,

    Ov. M. 2, 387:

    poscens sine fine oscula,

    id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, until that:

    amor bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    mansit in condicione usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, till when? how long? quamdiu furor iste tuus eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor:

    sed finem fore quem dicam nescio (i. e. sequendi),

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    The end of life, latter end, death (not till after the Aug. per.):

    comperit invidiam supremo fine domari,

    i. e. after death, Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2:

    nec quicquam jam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans,

    Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.:

    septem a Neronis fine menses sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 37:

    Augusti,

    id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39:

    voluntarius,

    id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—
    (β).
    The end, extremity of an ascending series, i. e. the highest point, greatest degree, summit: sentis credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and:

    ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus causa sunt facienda omnia,

    the chief good, id. Leg. 1, 20, 52:

    fines bonorum et malorum,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; hence the title of Cicero's treatise De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. peri telôn; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, with ib. 19, 4:

    honorum populi finis est consulatus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    quemque sperandi sibi, eundem bene dicendi finem proponerent,

    id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

    duodecim tabulae, finis aequi juris,

    Tac. A. 3, 27. —
    (γ).
    An end, purpose, aim, object (but an end subjectively regarded, as an intention, or design, is propositum, consilium, mens, etc.):

    omnes artes habere finem aliquem propositum, ad quem tendunt,

    Quint. 2, 17, 22:

    laudis et gloriae,

    id. 8, 3, 11:

    domus finis est usus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    officium ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere apposite ad persuasionem: finis, persuadere dictione,

    id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6:

    quem finem vel quid summum et ultimum habeat rhetorice,

    id. ib. 38:

    volgaris liberalitas referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52:

    ad finem vitae,

    Quint. 2, 17, 41:

    medicinae,

    id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—
    (δ).
    An intention, design, end in view (very rare; cf. g supra):

    quod ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 64.—
    2.
    In rhet. lang., i. q. finitio and definitio, qs. an explanatory limiting, a definition, explanation (perh. not in Cic., but repeatedly in Quint.):

    dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu fine,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    est frequentissimus finis, rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi,

    id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr. —
    3.
    In the later jurid. Lat., a measure, amount:

    placuit, ut fructus hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae,

    Dig. 20, 1, 1:

    finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere,

    ib. 21, 2, 66:

    ad finem peculii legata praestare,

    ib. 49, 17, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finis

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