-
61 dē-fungor
dē-fungor fūnctus, ī, to have done with, acquit oneself of, discharge, perform, finish: omni populari concitatione: periculis: honoribus: proelio, L.: unius poenā, L.: laboribus, H.: defuncta corpora vitā, dead, V.: terrā, O.: parvo victu, to be content with, Cu.: defunctum bello barbiton, discharged from service, H.: Defunctus iam sum, i. e. out of danger, T.: utinam hic sit modo Defunctum, that this were the end, T.—To die, Ta., Cu., O. -
62 eō
eō adv. [old dat. and abl. of pron. stem I-]. I. Locat. and abl. uses, there, in that place: cum tu eo quinque legiones haberes.—Fig.: res erat eo iam loci, ut, etc., in such a condition.—Therefore, on that account, for that reason: lassam aibant tum esse; eo ad eam non admissa sum, T.: dederam litteras ad te: eo nunc ero brevior: quod eo volo, quia mihi utile est: quin eo sit occisus, quod non potuerit, etc.: eo scripsi, quo plus auctoritatis haberem: hoc eo facit, ut ille abesset: quod ego non eo vereor, ne mihi noceat.—With words of comparison, so much, by so much: quae quo plura sunt, eo meliore mente: quanto longius abscederent, eo, etc., L.: eo Mors atrocior erit, quod sit interfectus, etc.: eo libentius dixit, ut, etc.: quod quo studiosius absconditur, eo magis eminet: eo minus veritus navibus, quod in littore molli, etc., Cs.: ego illa extuli et eo quidem magis, ne putaret, etc.— II. Dat. uses, to that place, thither: eo se recipere coeperunt, Cs.: eo respectum habere, a refuge in that quarter: ubi colonia esset, eo coloniam deducere: Ibit eo quo vis, etc., H.— Thereto, in addition, besides: eo accessit studium doctrinae: eo accedebat, quod, etc.— To that end, with that purpose, to this result: res eo spectat, ut, etc.: eo maxime incumbis: hoc eo valebat, ut, etc., N.— To that degree, to such an extent, so far, to such a point: usque eo commotus est, ut, etc.: eo magnitudinis procedere, S.: ubi iam eo consuetudinis adducta res est, ut, etc., L.: eo inopiae venere, ut vescerentur, etc. — Of time, up to the time, until, so long: bibitur usque eo, dum, etc.: usque eo se tenuit, quoad legati venerunt.* * *Ithere, to/toward that place; in that direction; to that object/point/stageIItherefore, for that reason, consequently; by that degree; so much the more/lessIIIeare, evi, etus Vgo, walk; march, advance; pass; flow; pass (time); ride; be in the middleIVire, ivi(ii), itus Vgo, walk; march, advance; pass; flow; pass (time); ride; sail -
63 is
is ea, id, gen. ēius (sometimes monosyl. in poetry), dat. ēī (rarely eī or monosyl. ei), pron. demonst. [2 I-]. I. As a weak demonst. in simple reference.—As subst, he, she, it, the one mentioned (without emphasis): fuit quidam senex Mercator: navem is fregit, T.: venit mihi obviam tuus puer; is mihi litteras abs te reddidit: sine eius offensione animi, hurting his feelings, Cs.—As adj., this, that, the: ea res est Helvetiis enuntiata, Cs.: flumen est Arar... id flumen, etc., Cs.: ante eam diem.— II. Special uses.—Attracted to the following subst: exsistit ea quae gemma dicitur (i. e. id, quod): quae pars maior erit, eo stabitur consilio (i. e. eius), L.—Pleonast.—After an obj subst.: urbem novam, conditam vi et armis, iure eam condere parat, L.—In the phrase, id quod, referring to a fact, thought, or clause: ratus, id quod negotium poscebat, as the situation required, S.: id quod necesse erat accidere, just as was unavoidable, Cs.: si nos, id quod debet, nostra patria delectat, and it must be the case; cf. id de quo, L. —With et, que, atque, neque, in explanation or climax, and that too, and in fact: inquit... et id clariore voce, and that, Cs.: cum unā legione eāque vacillante: vincula et ea sempiterna: legio, neque ea plenissima, and not even, Cs.—In place of the reflexive pronoun: persuadent Rauracis, uti unā cum iis proficiscantur (i. e. secum), Cs.—With emphasis, as correlative to qui, he, she, it, that, the one, that one: is, qui erit adductus: haec omnia is feci, qui sodalis Dolabellae eram: qui magister equitum fuisse tibi viderere, is cucurristi, etc.— Neut. as subst, that: idne estis auctores mihi? do you advise me to that? T.: quibus id consili fuisse, ut, etc., who had formed the plan, Cs.: quando verba vana ad id locorum fuerint, hitherto, L.: ad id quod natura cogeret, i. e. death, N.: id temporis, at that time: homo id aetatis, of that age.—Abl. with a comparative, so much, by so much: eo plus, quo minus, etc., the more.—Acc. adverb., therefore, for that reason, on that account: id operam do, ut, etc., T.: id ego gaudeo.—In phrases, aliquid id genus scribere (i. e. eius generis), of that sort: ad id quod sua quemque mala cogebant, evocati, for that purpose, L.: ad id, quod... erat, accendebatur, etc., besides the fact, that, etc., L.: in id fide a rege acceptā, to that end, L.: quod ad me de Lentulo scribis, non est in eo, is not come to that: cum iam in eo esset, ut, etc., just on the point of, etc., L.: totum in eo est tectorium, ut sit concinnum, depends on that: ex eo, quod, etc., from the fact that: civitas data, cum eo, ut, etc., with the stipulation that, etc., L.— III. Praegn., that, such, of such a sort, of the character, so great: in id redactus sum loci, ut, etc., to such a pass, T.: neque is sum, qui terrear, Cs.: itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse vis: is status erat rerum, ut, etc., L.: quae causae sunt eius modi, ut, etc.: eā mecum consuetudine coniunctus est, quod, etc., such intimacy.* * *ea, id PRONhe/she/it/they (by GENDER/NUMBER); DEMONST: that, he/she/it, they/them -
64 pēs
pēs pedis, m [PED-], a foot: nudus, T.: pedibus aeger, S.: si pes condoluit: pede tellurem pulsare, i. e. dance, H.: cycnum pedibus uncis Sustulit, talons, V.: pedum digiti, toes, O.: numquam huc tetulissem pedem, would have come hither, T.: Nusquam pedem (sc. feram), I won't stir a step, T.: pedem ferre, go, V.: si in fundo pedem posuisses, set foot: profugum referre pedem, return, O.: magis pedem conferre, come to closer quarters: ut prope conlato pede gereretur res, almost hand to hand, L.: votis malignum Opponit nostris pedem, sets her foot against (of Fortune), O.: retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens, V.: ego me in pedes (dedi), took to my heels, T.— Abl plur. (rarely sing.), of motion, afoot, on foot, marching, walking: pedibus vincere, in running, O.: cum ingressus iter pedibus sit: pedibus compensari pecuniam, i. e. the long walk to the property makes up for its cheapness: ut omnes pedibus mererent, serve as infantry, L.: cum illud iter pedibus confici soleat, by land: quod flumen pedibus transiri potest, be forded, Cs.: in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur, i. e. when a division was taken on this question, L.: cum omnes in sententiam eius pedibus irent, voted for his resolution, L.: Quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas, O.: tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo, expressive of favor, V.: Ripa felici tacta sit pede, propitious, O.: quid tam dextro pede concipis, etc., auspiciously (the right foot being associated with good omens), Iu.— Acc plur. with ad: ad pedes descensum ab Romanis est, the Romans dismounted, L.: magnā ex parte ad pedes pugna venerat, mainly an infantry fight, L.: ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio, supplicating each: vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis: cui cum se maesta turba ad pedes provolvisset, L.— In expression of subjection or inferiority: servus a pedibus, footman: Omnia sub pedibus vertique regique, under their sway, V.: duas urbīs sub pedibus tuis relinquemus, L.: Sub pedibus timor est, is spurned, O.—In the phrase, pedibus trahi, to be dragged by the heels, go to the dogs: trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei.—In the phrase, ante pedes, before the feet, in plain view, evident: quod ante pedes est, Videre, T.: eos ante pedes suos iugulari coëgit.—In phrases with caput: tuas res ita contractas, ut nec caput nec pedes (habeant), i. e. neither beginning nor end: ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae, i. e. the several parts, H.—In the phrase, manibus pedibus, with might and main: Conari manibus pedibus noctīsque et dies, T.—Meton., of a couch or table, a foot, leg, prop: Lectuli pedes, T.: mensae, O.: grabati, a handle, Ct.—In navigation, a sheet, sail-rope: pede labitur aequo, i. e. before the wind, O.: pedibus aequis: unā omnes fecere pedem, i. e. let out the sheet, V.—In verse, a foot: herous: pedibus claudere verba, to make verses, H.: Musa per undenos emodulanda pedes, in hexameters and pentameters, O.: extremum seu trahat pedem, i. e. limps (of the choliambus), O.— A kind of verse, measure: Et pede, quo debent acria bella geri, O.: Lesbius, H. —As a measure, a foot: intervallum pedum duorum, Cs.: pedem discessisse: pede suo se metiri, by his own foot-rule, i. e. by his own abilities, H.* * * -
65 praecipitō
praecipitō āvī, ātus, āre [praeceps], to throw headlong, cast down, hurl down, precipitate: p<*>ae in mare praecipitatae, N.: currum scopulis, hurl against, O.: se ex altissimo muro: sese in fossas, Cs.: se (sc. de muro), L.: se in Tiberim, L.: se in medios ignīs, Cu.: etiam pulcherrima, throw overboard, Iu.: cum alii super vallum praecipitarentur, threw themselves down, S.: lux Praecipitatur aquis, sets in the ocean, O.: hac te praecipitato, run this way for life! T.: iis (parvis) minari, praecipitaturos alicunde, threaten to throw them down.—To rush down, throw oneself down, rush headlong, sink rapidly, drop, tumble, fall (of involuntary falling): statim praecipitat in Lirem: nimbi In vada praecipitant, V.: in fossam, L.: sol praecipitans: iam nox caelo Praecipitat, is sinking, V.: hiems iam praecipitaverat, had come to an end, Cs.—Fig., to throw down, hurl down, precipitate: praecipitari ex altissimo dignitatis gradu: semet ipse praecipitare, destroy oneself, S.: se in insidias, L.: furor iraque mentem Praecipitant, carry headlong, V.: quosdam praecipitat potentia Invidiae, Iu.: nox praecipitata, declining, O.— To hasten, hurry: quae Praecipitent obitum, hasten their setting: praecipitata raptim consilia, precipitate, L.: moras, i. e. exchange for haste, V.: dare tempus Praecipitant curae, hasten, V.— To fall down, fall, sink, be ruined: ubi non subest, quo praecipitet, may tumble down: cum ad Cannas praecipitasset Romana res, L.: ad exitium praecipitans.— To be too hasty, be precipitate: sustinenda est adsensio, ne praecipitet: praecipitare istuc quidem est, non descendere, to jump at a conclusion.* * *praecipitare, praecipitavi, praecipitatus Vthrow headlong, cast down -
66 abutor
ăb-ūtor, ūsus, 3, v. dep., to use up any thing, to use to the end, to consume entirely (utendo vel in usum consumere, Non. p. 76, 29); constr. in ante-class. period with acc., in class. per. with abl.I.Lit.(α).With acc.:(β).nos aurum abusos,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 126; so,argentum,
id. Pers. 2, 3, 10:qui abusus sum tantam rem patriam,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 56:operam,
Ter. And. prol. 5 Ruhnk.:meretricem,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 66:suam vim,
Lucr. 5, 1032.—With abl.:II.sumus parati abuti tecum hoc otio,
to spend this leisure time with you, Cic. Rep. 1, 9 Creuz; so,otio liberaliter,
Vell. 2, 105, 1:omni tempore,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:sole,
id. Att. 12, 6, 2:studiis,
id. Fam. 9, 6, 5:me abusum isto prooemio,
id. Att. 16, 6, 4 al.: abuti aliquā re ad aliquid, to make use of for any purpose, to take advantage of:abuti sagacitate canum ad utilitatem nostram,
id. N. D. 2, 60, 151; cf. id. Lig. 1, 1; id. Mil. 2, 6.—Hence,In a bad sense, to misuse, to abuse:B.sapientiam tuam abusa est haec,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 29; so in the exordium of the first oration against Cat.: Quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? will you abuse our patience? libertate, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 113:intemperanter otio et litteris,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:iis festivitatibus insolentius,
id. Or. 52, 176 al.:legibus ac majestate ad quaestum,
id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 61; id. N. D. 1, 23, 64 al.—Esp., in rhet. (of words), to use improperly, Cic. Or. 27, 94; id. de Or. 3, 43, 169; Quint. 5, 10, 6 al.► Pass.:abusa,
consumed, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44; so also Varr.: utile utamur potius quam ab rege abutamur, ap. Prisc. p. 792 P., and Q. Hortensius, ib., abusis locis:abutendus,
Suet. Galb. 14. -
67 adpono
ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.adpone hic mensulam,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:appositas instruxere epulis mensas,
Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:sitellam,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:munera eorum illis apponentur,
Vulg. Bar 6, 26:At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,
Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:notam ad malum versum,
id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,
Liv. 37, 5:adpositā aure ad glaciem,
Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:paenulam ad vulnus,
Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,
Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:gemmas toris,
id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.the same,
id. ib. 7, 100:meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,
id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:ponere seram,
Juv. 6, 347):candelam valvis,
i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —Esp.1.Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;2.the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:apposuit eis mensam,
Vulg. Act. 16, 34:adpositum est ampliter,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:apposuit patellam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:convivis panem et obsonia apponere,
Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,
Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:3.custodem Tullio me apponite,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:calumniatores,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10:praevaricatorem,
id. Phil. 2, 11:non illicitatorem venditor adponet,
id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:custodes,
Nep. Dion, 4, 5:moderator et magister consulibus appositus,
Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,rectorem,
Suet. Aug. 48:scrutatores,
id. Claud. 35 al. —To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.II.addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:exemplum,
Gell. 1, 13, 9:si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,
Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—Trop.A.Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):B.appone cor ad doctrinam,
Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:apposui cor meum, ut etc.,
ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:C.non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?
Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:apposuerunt adhuc peccare,
ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):A.cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):aliquid lucro,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:B.regio mari adposita,
Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:platanus itineri,
id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,
Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—Metaph.1.Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;* 2.elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,
id. ib. 1, 23, 1:equus ad medendum adpositus,
id. ib. 2, 7, 5:(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,
id. ib. 3, 9, 9;2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:multo appositior ad deferenda,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,
id. Inv. 1, 14. —Inclined to; constr. with dat.:3.judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,
Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:adclinis falsis animus,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,
Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:ad persuasionem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used). -
68 adpositus
ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.adpone hic mensulam,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:appositas instruxere epulis mensas,
Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:sitellam,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:munera eorum illis apponentur,
Vulg. Bar 6, 26:At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,
Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:notam ad malum versum,
id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,
Liv. 37, 5:adpositā aure ad glaciem,
Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:paenulam ad vulnus,
Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,
Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:gemmas toris,
id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.the same,
id. ib. 7, 100:meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,
id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:ponere seram,
Juv. 6, 347):candelam valvis,
i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —Esp.1.Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;2.the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:apposuit eis mensam,
Vulg. Act. 16, 34:adpositum est ampliter,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:apposuit patellam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:convivis panem et obsonia apponere,
Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,
Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:3.custodem Tullio me apponite,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:calumniatores,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10:praevaricatorem,
id. Phil. 2, 11:non illicitatorem venditor adponet,
id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:custodes,
Nep. Dion, 4, 5:moderator et magister consulibus appositus,
Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,rectorem,
Suet. Aug. 48:scrutatores,
id. Claud. 35 al. —To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.II.addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:exemplum,
Gell. 1, 13, 9:si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,
Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—Trop.A.Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):B.appone cor ad doctrinam,
Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:apposui cor meum, ut etc.,
ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:C.non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?
Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:apposuerunt adhuc peccare,
ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):A.cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):aliquid lucro,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:B.regio mari adposita,
Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:platanus itineri,
id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,
Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—Metaph.1.Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;* 2.elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,
id. ib. 1, 23, 1:equus ad medendum adpositus,
id. ib. 2, 7, 5:(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,
id. ib. 3, 9, 9;2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:multo appositior ad deferenda,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,
id. Inv. 1, 14. —Inclined to; constr. with dat.:3.judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,
Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:adclinis falsis animus,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,
Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:ad persuasionem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used). -
69 anceps
anceps (once ancipes, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; cf. Charis, pp. 67 and 96 P.; Prisc. p. 754 P.; with this form cf. procapis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 225 Müll., and Corss. Ausspr. II. pp. 398, 591; abl. sing. always ancipiti), cĭpĭtis, adj. [an-caput; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.].I.Lit., that has two heads, twoheaded (cf.: biceps, praeceps, etc.;II.so only in the poets): Janus,
Ov. M. 14, 334; so id. F. 1, 95 (cf.:Janus bifrons,
Verg. A. 7, 180). —Hence also of a mountain which has two summits, two-peaked:acumen,
Ov. M. 12, 337.—In gen.A.1.. Of an object whose qualities have significance in two respects, double, that extends on two opposite sides (while duplex is an object that exists in separate forms, twice. Thus anceps sententia is an opinion which wavers, fluctuates between two decisions, while duplex sententia is a twofold opinion):2.Post altrinsecus ancipes securiculast,
the axe cuts on two sides, is two-edged, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; so, ferrum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 245, 17, and Lucr. 6, 168:securis,
Ov. M. 8, 397 al. —Also, poet., of the contrast between great heat and cold: Ancipiti quoniam mucroni utrimque notantur, since things are marked by double point, i. e. one at one, another at the other end, Lucr. 2, 520:bestiae quasi ancipites in utrāque sede viventes,
amphibious animals, Cic. N. D. 1, 37;so in the histt. freq. of an attack, a contest, etc., on two different sides,
Caes. B. G. 7, 76: ita ancipiti proelio diu atque acriter pugnatum est, double, because contending with enemies both in front and in the rear, id. ib. 1, 26 Herz.; so id. B. C. 3, 63; Nep. Them. 3, 3:periculum,
Sall. J. 38, 5: ancipitem pugnam hostibus facere, double, as given by horse and foot, Tac. A. 6, 35:ancipiti metu et ab cive et ab hoste,
twofold, Liv. 2, 24; so,anceps terror,
id. 34, 21; Tac. Agr. 26:tumultus,
Liv. 32, 30: tela, shot or hurled from both sides, id. 37, 11:ancipitia munimenta,
on two sides, id. 5, 1 al. —Trop., twofold:B.propter ancipitem faciendi dicendique sapientiam,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16:ancipites viae rationesque et pro omnibus et contra omnia disputandi,
id. ib. 3, 36:adferre ancipitem curam cogitandi,
a twofold care of thought, id. Off. 1, 3, 9; so Tac. A. 2, 40:jus anceps,
the uncertainties of law, Hor. S. 2, 5, 34 al. —Wavering, doubtful, uncertain, unfixed, undecided (the prevalent signif. in Cic.):C.anceps fatorum via,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 2:incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5:anceps proelii fortuna,
Tac. H. 3, 18:oraculum,
Liv. 9, 3:proelium,
id. 2, 62, and Tac. H. 3, 22;so esp. freq.: ancipiti Marte pugnare,
to contend without deciding the contest, Liv. 7, 29; 21, 1 al.:causa anceps,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44:genus causarum anceps,
id. Inv. 1, 15, 20 (cf.: genus causarum dubium, Auct. ad Her. 1, 3:dubium vel anceps,
Quint. 4, 1, 10):fides,
uncertain, wavering, fidelity, Curt. 3, 8;so also, ancipites animi,
Luc. 9, 46.—Also ellipt.: Lucanus an Apulus, anceps, doubtful whether, etc., * Hor. S. 2, 1, 34.—Dangerous, hazaraous, perilous, critical (post-Aug.; esp. freq. in Tac.;never in Cic.): viae,
Ov. M. 14, 438:loca,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:dubiā et interdum ancipiti fortunā,
Vell. 2, 79:anceps periculum,
Tac. A. 4, 59:ancipites morbi corporis,
Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 149:cujus (Antonii) operā ex ancipiti morbo convaluerat,
Suet. Aug. 59:Ideo et purgationibus (labruscum) ancipitem putant,
Plin. 23, 1, 14, § 20:vox pro re publicā honesta, ipsi anceps,
pernicious, Tac. H. 1, 5:adulatio anceps si nulla et ubi nimia est,
id. A. 4, 17.—So subst., danger, hazard, peril, = periculum, discrimen:dubiā suorum re in anceps tractus vim legionum implorabat,
Tac. A. 4, 73:seu nihil militi seu omnia concederentur, in ancipiti res publica,
id. ib. 1, 36:scelus inter ancipitia probatum,
id. ib. 11, 26;14, 22: facilius inter ancipitia clarescunt,
id. G. 14:nova ambigua ancipitia malebat,
id. H. 2, 86:inter ancipitia deterrimum est media sequi,
id. ib. 3, 40.► Comp., sup., and adv. not used. -
70 apex
ăpex, ĭcis, m. [etym. acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 270, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll., from apo, to join to, whence aptus; cf. Van. Etym. p. 33], the extreme end of a thing, the point, summit, top (syn.: cacumen, summa, fastigium, culmen, vertex); hence,I.Lit., the small rod at the top of the flamen's cap, wound round with wool, Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 683; 10, 270.—Hence,II.Transf.A.(As pars pro toto.) The conical cap of the flamen, ornamented with this rod:B.QVEI. APICEM. INSIGNE. DIALIS. FLAMINIS. GESISTEI, Epitaph. Scip. Grotef. 2, 299: apicem dialem,
Liv. 6, 41:apex e capite prolapsus,
Val. Max. 1, 1, n. 4.—Hence, of the priesthood itself: homo honestus non apice insignis, Sen. ap. Lact. 17, 6.—Any hat or helmet, a crown:C.ab aquilā Tarquinio apicem impositum putent,
Cic. Leg. 1, 1:regum apices,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 20:ardet apex capiti,
Verg. A. 10, 270; 2, 683.—Of birds, the crest, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—A projecting point or summit.1.Lit., of trees:2.lauri,
Verg. A. 7, 66.—Of a headland:sublimis,
Juv. 12, 72:montis apex,
Sil. 12, 709; so Vulg. Judith, 7, 3.—Of the point of a sickle, Col. 4, 25, 1.—Of the summit of a flame, Ov. M. 10, 279 et saep.—Trop., the highest ornament or honor, the crown of a thing:D.apex est senectutis auctoritas,
Cic. Sen. 17, 60:hinc apicem Fortuna sustulit, hic posuisse gaudet,
Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—1.. In gram., the long mark over a vowel, Quint. 1, 7, 2; 1, 4, 10; 1, 5, 23;2.Victor. p. 2469 P.—Hence, trop.: nullum apicem quaestionis praetermittere,
Arn. 3 init. —The forms or outlines of the letters:E.litterarum apices,
Gell. 13, 30, 10; 17, 9, 12.—Hence (per synecdochen),A letter or any other writing:F.apicum oblator,
Sid. Ep. 6, 8:Augusti apices,
i. e. rescripts, Cod. Just. 2, 8, 6 fin. —Of the point or apex of a Hebrew letter, put fig. for the least particle, tittle (eccl. Lat.; Gr. hê keraia):iota unum aut unus apex non praeteribit a lege,
Vulg. Matt. 5, 18; ib. Luc. 16, 17. -
71 appono
ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.adpone hic mensulam,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:appositas instruxere epulis mensas,
Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:sitellam,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:munera eorum illis apponentur,
Vulg. Bar 6, 26:At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,
Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:notam ad malum versum,
id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,
Liv. 37, 5:adpositā aure ad glaciem,
Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:paenulam ad vulnus,
Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,
Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:gemmas toris,
id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.the same,
id. ib. 7, 100:meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,
id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:ponere seram,
Juv. 6, 347):candelam valvis,
i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —Esp.1.Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;2.the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:apposuit eis mensam,
Vulg. Act. 16, 34:adpositum est ampliter,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:apposuit patellam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:convivis panem et obsonia apponere,
Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,
Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:3.custodem Tullio me apponite,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:calumniatores,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10:praevaricatorem,
id. Phil. 2, 11:non illicitatorem venditor adponet,
id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:custodes,
Nep. Dion, 4, 5:moderator et magister consulibus appositus,
Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,rectorem,
Suet. Aug. 48:scrutatores,
id. Claud. 35 al. —To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.II.addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:exemplum,
Gell. 1, 13, 9:si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,
Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—Trop.A.Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):B.appone cor ad doctrinam,
Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:apposui cor meum, ut etc.,
ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:C.non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?
Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:apposuerunt adhuc peccare,
ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):A.cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):aliquid lucro,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:B.regio mari adposita,
Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:platanus itineri,
id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,
Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—Metaph.1.Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;* 2.elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,
id. ib. 1, 23, 1:equus ad medendum adpositus,
id. ib. 2, 7, 5:(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,
id. ib. 3, 9, 9;2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:multo appositior ad deferenda,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,
id. Inv. 1, 14. —Inclined to; constr. with dat.:3.judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,
Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:adclinis falsis animus,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,
Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:ad persuasionem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used). -
72 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
73 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
74 casu
1.cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].I.Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).A.A falling down, etc.:B.stillicidi,
Lucr. 1, 313:geli,
id. 5, 205:nivis,
Liv. 21, 35, 6:fulminum,
Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:II.occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,
Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,
Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:vehiculi,
Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—Trop.A.Of time, the end:B.extremae sub casum hiemis,
Verg. G. 1, 340.—A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:2.multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,
Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:C.secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,
Sall. J. 62, 9.—That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):b.quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:novi casus temporum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,
such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,
Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,
Verg. A. 12, 321:sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,
Curt. 4, 7, 13:quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,
Tac. A. 1, 29:ut quemque casus armaverat,
Sall. C. 56, 3:si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,
id. J. 97 fin.:in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,
Liv. 42, 50, 2:ludibrium casūs,
id. 30, 30, 5:casum potius quam consilium sequatur,
Quint. 7, prooem. §3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,
id. 10, 1, 2:bellorum,
Tac. A. 1, 61:satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,
id. ib. 2, 26:adversi, secundi,
Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:magnus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:mirificus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:mirabiles,
Nep. Timol. 5, 1:rariores,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:dubii,
Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:varii,
Verg. A. 1, 204:subiti repentinique,
Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?
Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:id evenit non temere nec casu,
id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:sive casu sive consilio deorum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:necessitate an casu,
Quint. 3, 6, 26:casu an persuasu et inductu,
id. 5, 10, 69:casu an manibus impeditus,
Tac. A. 1, 13:accidit casu ut legati, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):2.aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,
Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:mortis durae casus,
Verg. A. 10, 791:aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,
Sall. J. 25, 9:praeclari facinoris casum dare,
id. ib. 56, 4; so,si casus daretur,
Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:invadendae Armeniae,
id. ib. 12, 50:pugnae,
id. ib. 12, 28:bene gerendae rei,
id. ib. 13, 36:casum adferre,
Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:b.meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,
Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:dolens civitatis casum,
Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:si alius casus lecto te adfixit,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,
in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:urbis Trojanae,
overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,Euphemist. for death:D.Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7:sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,
Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:2.propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:barbari casus... casus rectus,
id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:obliqui,
id. 1, 6, 22:nominativo, dativo, ablativo,
id. 7, 9, 13:genitivo,
id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:conversi, i. e. obliqui,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:vocandi,
id. ib.:septimus,
Quint. 1, 4, 26.Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4. -
75 Casus
1.cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].I.Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).A.A falling down, etc.:B.stillicidi,
Lucr. 1, 313:geli,
id. 5, 205:nivis,
Liv. 21, 35, 6:fulminum,
Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:II.occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,
Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,
Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:vehiculi,
Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—Trop.A.Of time, the end:B.extremae sub casum hiemis,
Verg. G. 1, 340.—A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:2.multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,
Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:C.secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,
Sall. J. 62, 9.—That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):b.quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:novi casus temporum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,
such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,
Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,
Verg. A. 12, 321:sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,
Curt. 4, 7, 13:quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,
Tac. A. 1, 29:ut quemque casus armaverat,
Sall. C. 56, 3:si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,
id. J. 97 fin.:in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,
Liv. 42, 50, 2:ludibrium casūs,
id. 30, 30, 5:casum potius quam consilium sequatur,
Quint. 7, prooem. §3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,
id. 10, 1, 2:bellorum,
Tac. A. 1, 61:satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,
id. ib. 2, 26:adversi, secundi,
Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:magnus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:mirificus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:mirabiles,
Nep. Timol. 5, 1:rariores,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:dubii,
Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:varii,
Verg. A. 1, 204:subiti repentinique,
Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?
Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:id evenit non temere nec casu,
id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:sive casu sive consilio deorum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:necessitate an casu,
Quint. 3, 6, 26:casu an persuasu et inductu,
id. 5, 10, 69:casu an manibus impeditus,
Tac. A. 1, 13:accidit casu ut legati, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):2.aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,
Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:mortis durae casus,
Verg. A. 10, 791:aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,
Sall. J. 25, 9:praeclari facinoris casum dare,
id. ib. 56, 4; so,si casus daretur,
Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:invadendae Armeniae,
id. ib. 12, 50:pugnae,
id. ib. 12, 28:bene gerendae rei,
id. ib. 13, 36:casum adferre,
Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:b.meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,
Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:dolens civitatis casum,
Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:si alius casus lecto te adfixit,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,
in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:urbis Trojanae,
overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,Euphemist. for death:D.Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7:sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,
Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:2.propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:barbari casus... casus rectus,
id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:obliqui,
id. 1, 6, 22:nominativo, dativo, ablativo,
id. 7, 9, 13:genitivo,
id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:conversi, i. e. obliqui,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:vocandi,
id. ib.:septimus,
Quint. 1, 4, 26.Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4. -
76 casus
1.cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].I.Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).A.A falling down, etc.:B.stillicidi,
Lucr. 1, 313:geli,
id. 5, 205:nivis,
Liv. 21, 35, 6:fulminum,
Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:II.occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,
Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,
Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:vehiculi,
Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—Trop.A.Of time, the end:B.extremae sub casum hiemis,
Verg. G. 1, 340.—A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:2.multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,
Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:C.secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,
Sall. J. 62, 9.—That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):b.quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:novi casus temporum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,
such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,
Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,
Verg. A. 12, 321:sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,
Curt. 4, 7, 13:quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,
Tac. A. 1, 29:ut quemque casus armaverat,
Sall. C. 56, 3:si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,
id. J. 97 fin.:in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,
Liv. 42, 50, 2:ludibrium casūs,
id. 30, 30, 5:casum potius quam consilium sequatur,
Quint. 7, prooem. §3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,
id. 10, 1, 2:bellorum,
Tac. A. 1, 61:satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,
id. ib. 2, 26:adversi, secundi,
Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:magnus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:mirificus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:mirabiles,
Nep. Timol. 5, 1:rariores,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:dubii,
Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:varii,
Verg. A. 1, 204:subiti repentinique,
Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?
Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:id evenit non temere nec casu,
id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:sive casu sive consilio deorum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:necessitate an casu,
Quint. 3, 6, 26:casu an persuasu et inductu,
id. 5, 10, 69:casu an manibus impeditus,
Tac. A. 1, 13:accidit casu ut legati, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):2.aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,
Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:mortis durae casus,
Verg. A. 10, 791:aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,
Sall. J. 25, 9:praeclari facinoris casum dare,
id. ib. 56, 4; so,si casus daretur,
Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:invadendae Armeniae,
id. ib. 12, 50:pugnae,
id. ib. 12, 28:bene gerendae rei,
id. ib. 13, 36:casum adferre,
Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:b.meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,
Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:dolens civitatis casum,
Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:si alius casus lecto te adfixit,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,
in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:urbis Trojanae,
overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,Euphemist. for death:D.Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7:sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,
Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:2.propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:barbari casus... casus rectus,
id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:obliqui,
id. 1, 6, 22:nominativo, dativo, ablativo,
id. 7, 9, 13:genitivo,
id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:conversi, i. e. obliqui,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:vocandi,
id. ib.:septimus,
Quint. 1, 4, 26.Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4. -
77 columen
cŏlŭmen, ĭnis, n., and contr. cul-men, mis, n. [root cel- of excello; cf.: celsus, culmus, calamus, collis], lit., that which rises in height, is prominent, projects; hence the point, top, summit, ridge.I.Form columen, inis, n. (only this form is used by Plautus, v. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. p. 65).A.An elevated object, a pillar, column: ego vitam agam sub altis Phrygiae columinibus, the lofty buildings, or perh. the mountain-heights, Cat. 63, 71 Ellis ad loc.; and of a pillar of fire: Phoebi fax, tristis nunt a belli, quae magnum ad columen flammato ardore volabat, like an ascending column, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—B.The highest part or top of an object, e. g. of a wall; the coping; Fr. le chaperon, Cato, R. R. 15, 1; of a building, a ridge, a roof, a gable:2.in turribus et columinibus villae,
Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 1:aulae,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1000; id. Thyest. 54 Gron.; so of the Capitol, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20, and of the culmination of heavenly bodies: oritur Canicula cum Cancro, in columen venit cum Geminis, Nigid. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 218. —Trop., the top, crown, summit, first, chief, the height, etc.:G.columen amicorum Antonii, Cotyla Varius,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:pars haec vitae jam pridem pervenit ad columen,
Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 57; Col. 3, 4, 3:audaciae,
the crown of impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211.—An elevated object that supports, sustains something; in archit., the top of a gable-end, a gable pillar, a prop, Vitr. 4, 2, 1; 4, 7, 5.—Esp. freq.,2.Trop., a support, prop, stay:II.familiae,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176:senati, praesidium popli,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 6; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 7:rei publicae,
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; Curt. 9, 6, 8:imperii Romani, Div 38, 51, 3: regni Ausonii,
Sil. 15, 385:Asiae,
Sen. Troad. 6:rerum mearum (Maecenas),
Hor. C. 2, 17, 4:doctrinarum, artium (Varro et Nigidius),
Gell. 19, 14, 1; Col. 3, 4, 3.—culmen, ĭnis, n. (in Cic. only once; cf. the foll. B.; not in Cat., Lucr., or Hor.; in gen. first freq. since the Aug. per.).* A.Any thing high; poet., of the stalk of a bean, Ov. F. 4, 734.—B.The top, summit, e. g. of a building, a roof, gable, cupola, etc.:2.columen in summo fastigio culminis,
Vitr. 4, 2, 1; Ov. M. 1, 295; 1, 289; Verg. E. 1, 69:tecta domorum,
id. A. 2, 446; 2, 458; 4, 186:culmina hominum, deorum,
i. e. of houses and temples, id. ib. 4, 671; Liv. 27, 4, 11; 42, 3, 7.—Of the dome of heaven, * Cic. Arat. 26. —Of mountain summits:Alpium,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2:Tarpeium,
Suet. Dom. 23.—Of the crown of the head of men, Liv. 1, 34, 9.—Of the top of the prow of a ship, Luc. 3, 709.—Trop., the summit, acme, height, point of culmination (perh. not ante-Aug.):a summo culmine fortunae ad ultimum finem,
Liv. 45, 9, 7:principium culmenque (columenque, Sillig) omnium rerum pretii margaritae tenent,
Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106:ruit alta a culmine Troja,
Verg. A. 2, 290 (Hom. Il. 13, 772: kat akrês); cf. id. ib. 2, 603:de summo culmine lapsus,
Luc. 8, 8:regale,
Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 64. pastorale, id. B. Get. 355:honoris,
App. Flor. 3. -
78 concludo
con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.I.Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):b.in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—Humorously:II.non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—Trop.A.To include, compress, restrain, comprise:B.omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:C.facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:D.verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:1.singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—* 2.conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177. -
79 concluse
con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.I.Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):b.in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—Humorously:II.non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—Trop.A.To include, compress, restrain, comprise:B.omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:C.facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:D.verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:1.singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—* 2.conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177. -
80 conclusum
con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.I.Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):b.in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—Humorously:II.non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—Trop.A.To include, compress, restrain, comprise:B.omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:C.facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:D.verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:1.singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—* 2.conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177.
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The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover — The Monster at the End of This Book redirects here. For the Supernatural episode, see The Monster at the End of This Book (Supernatural). The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover The Monster at the End of This Book … Wikipedia
The End of This Chapter — Infobox Album | Name = The End of This Chapter Type = Compilation album Artist = Sonata Arctica Released = August 24, 2005 Recorded = 1999 2005 Genre = Power metal Length = ? Label = Marquee Producer = ? Reviews = Last album = Reckoning Night… … Wikipedia
end*/*/*/ — [end] noun [C] I 1) the final part of a period of time We re going on holiday at the end of this month.[/ex] They ll make their decision at the very end of the week.[/ex] The work should be completed by the end of the year.[/ex] 2) the time when… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
End — ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of any… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
End bulb — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
end corpuscles — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
End fly — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
End for end — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
End man — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
End on — End End ([e^]nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. [ a]nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. [root]208. Cf. {Ante }, {Anti }, {Answer}.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
