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1 σκαίρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to hop, to jump, to dance' (ep. Il.), only pres. a. ipf.Other forms: καρθμοί κινήσεις H.Derivatives: σκαρ-θμός m. `jump' (hell. epic), as 2. member a. o. in ἐύ-, πολύ-σκαρθμος `with fair, resp. many jumps' (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 237); σκάρος n. `id.' (EM) with ἀ-σκαρές ἀκίνητον H.; σκαρία παιδιά H. Also σκάρος m. `Scarus cretensis, parrot-fish' (Epich., Arist., pap a. o.), after its lively movements (Strömberg Fischn. 52), with σκαρῖτις f. name of a stone, after the colour (Plin.; Redard 61). Dimin. - ιον n. (pap.). -- Secondary verb formation σκαρ-ίζω `to hop, to tap, to flounce' (Gp.) - ισμός m. (Eust., H.); also ἀσκαρίζω (Hp., Cratin.); on ἀ- s. ἀσπαίρω w. lit. -- On ἀσκαρίς and σκιρτάω s. v.; cf. also σκαρδαμύσσω.Etymology: Primary yot-present without immediate non-Greek agreement. Nearest is the full grade secondary formation OHG scerōn `be reckless, exuberant', MHG a. MLG scheren `rum, hutty', NHG sich scheren; to this several verbal nouns in Germ. and Balto-Slav., e.g. MLG holt-schere `jay', OE secge-scēre `locust', Lith. skėrỹs `id.', Slav., e.g. OCS skorь, Russ. skóryj `quick, robust'. Further forms w. lit. in Fraenkel a. Vasmer s. vv. -- If one removes the s-, adds diff. root-determinatives (e.g. -d-) and assumes a gen. meaning `jump (around), move (turning) etc.' one can stretch the lines of connection as far as one likes; cf. WP. 2, 566 ff., Pok. 933 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,714-715Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκαίρω
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2 κεκῆνας
Grammatical information: ?Origin: IE [Indo-European] [533, not *ḱas-] *ḱ(e)h₁-(e)s- `grey'Etymology: Uncertain. For the formation cf. λειχήν, κωλήν a. o. (Chantraine Formation 167f., Schwyzer 487). The connection with Skt. śaśá- `hare' (see Mayrhofer Stud. z. idg. Grundspr. 27ff.), with sec. śaśati `jump', supposes a dialectical IE. assimilation ḱ-s \> ḱ-ḱ (Schwyzer 302), as śaśá- cannot be separated from the widespread name of the hare (Germ., e. g. OHG haso, OPr. sasins, Welsh cein-ach \< *ḱasnī). But the assimilation is not found in Newiran. and Pamirforms (e. g. Pashto sōe, Wakhi süi, Morgenstierne Pashto 66). - (Solmsen Wortforsch. 144f. connects κεκήν with a Slavic, Germanic and Celtic verb for `jump etc.', e. g. OCS skočiti `jump', OHG scëhan `hurry, move rapidly', Welsh scochid `recedes, goes on', IE. skek-; κεκήν from a variant * kek-?) - Lubotsky, New Sound of IE, 1989, 56f, reconstructed ḱeh₁-s-, *ḱh₁-s-, with *ḱh₁s-no- \> Lat. cānus `grey'.Page in Frisk: 1,812Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεκῆνας
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3 ἐλελίζω 2
ἐλελίζω (2)Grammatical information: v.Meaning: 1. `shake', med.-pass. `tremble, be shaken', 2. `turn round, t. oneself' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member (cf. Schwyzer 444: 3) in ἐλελί-χθων `shaking the earth' (Pi. P. 2, 4), `earth-shaker', surname of Poseidon (Pi. P. 6, 50), of Dionysos (S. Ant. 153); also in ἐλελί-σφακος, - ον s. v.Etymology: In the aorist forms ἐλέλιξα, ἐλελίχθην two verbs seem to have merged: 1. a reduplic. present ἐλελίζω `shake'; 2. an augmented *ἐ-Ϝέλιξα with the present (Ϝ)ελίσσω `turn' (s. v. ἔλιξ). The preterite ἐλέλικτο refers to a snake in Λ 39 and belongs therefore as *ϜεϜέλικτο `twisted itself' to 2; the expression ἔγχος... σειόμενον ἐλέλικτο Ν 558 can as well represent the turning or whirling as the shaking movement. It is no longer possible to distinguish the two. Cf. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 132, also Bechtel Lex. s. ἐλελίζω. - In the meaning `shake' ἐλελίξαι, ἐλελίζω is connected with Skt. réjate `tremble', réjati `put in (whirling) movement', Goth. laikan `jump', Lith. láigyti `wild umherlaufen' etc.; it supposes that - ίξαι, - ίζω is part of the root; see Risch 257ff. One starts from a root aorist ἐ-λέ-λιξ-α, to which the passive aorist ἐ-λελίχ-θην and the present ἐ-λελίζω were formed either with prothesis (impossible) or with draging of the augment (cf. Schwyzer 648); both rather improbable. The reduplication may be a young Greek element.Page in Frisk: 1,488-489Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλελίζω 2
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4 αἴξ
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴξ
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5 αἰγός
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰγός
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6 παλλω
παλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sway, to rock, to shake lots, to draw lots', midd. `to swing oneself', also `to jump, to hop'.Other forms: Aor. πῆλαι (Il.), midd. πήλασθαι (Call.), πάλτο ( ἀν-, κατ-έπαλτο s. bel.), redupl. ἀμ-πεπαλών (Hom.; also πεπάλ-εσθε, - έσθαι for - ασθε, - άσθαι resp. - αχθε, - άχθαι? s.bel.), aor. pass. ἀνα-παλείς (Str.), perf. midd. πέπαλμαι (A.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, late ἀνα- ( ἀμ-). -- As 2. member in ἐγχέσ-, σακέσ-παλος `swaying the spear, shield' (ep. Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 28).Derivatives: 1. πάλος m. `(shaken) lot' (Sapph., Hdt., trag.), ἄμπαλ-ος m. `fresh casting' (of the lot, Pi.); ἀναπάλ-η f. name of a dance (Ath.); 2. παλτόν n. `javelin' (A., X.) with ἐπάλταξα παλτῳ̃ ἔβαλον H., - ός adj. (S.); 3. παλμός m. `vibration, pulsation' (Hp., Arist., Epicur.) with - ώδης `full of vibrations' (Hp.); παλματίας σεισμός `heavy earthquake' (Arist.; cf. βρασματίας s. βράσσω); 4. πάλσις ( ἀνά-, ἀπό- παλλω) f. `pulsation etc.' (Arist., Epicur.). -- Intensive παι-πάλλειν σείειν H. On a velar enlargement seem to go back *παλ-άσσομαι, πεπάλ-αχθε, - άχθαι (H 171, ι 331); for these difficult perfects perh. redupl. aor. - εσθε, - έσθαι must be posited (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 396 with Döderlein; diff. Bechtel Lex. 266).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As common basis of all forms served παλ- (*πάλ-ι̯ω, *πάλ-σαι); through false analysis of the compounds κατ-επ-αλτο, ἀν-επ-αλτο (to ἅλλομαι `jump, hop') in κατ-, ἀν-έπαλτο one had an apparently augmented ἔ-παλτο, from where πάλτο and backformed πάλλομαι = ἅλλομαι arose (Geiss Münch. Stud. 11, 62ff. with Leumann Hom. Wörter 60 ff., with lit. a. further details). -- No cognates outside Greek. The connection with Lat. pellō, pe-pul-ī `set in movement with a push' (Curtius 268 with Fick, Ernout-Meillet) seems possible in spite of Solmsen Wortforsch. 18 f., Bq and WP. 2, 57; cf. παλμός = pulsus; further s. πελάζω (not ἀπελλαι)}. Here also Slav., e.g. Russ. polóch `revolt, commotion, confusion' (Solmsen PBBeitr. 27, 364, WP. 2, 52; further lit. in Vasmer s.v.)? Not with Fraenkel Mél. Bq 1, 358 and Pok. 801 to pel- `flow, swim' (cf. πολύς, πλέω, πίμπλημι); diff., also to be rejected, Palmer Glotta 27, 134ff., Richardson Trans. Phil. Soc. 1936, 101 ff. -- Hardly here πελεμίζω, πόλεμος, s. vv. - The analysis given is of course quite uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλλω
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7 πηδάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to leap, to jump', of the heart or puls `to beat' (Il.).Derivatives: ( ἀνα-, ἐκ-)πήδ-ημα n. `leap' (trag.; also as terminus of sport, s. Jüthner Wien Stud. 53, 68ff.), - ησις ( ἀνα-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- etc.) f. `jumping, leaping' (IA.), - ηθμός m. `pulse beat' (Hp.), - ητής ( ἐπεισ- πηδάω) m. `leaper' (Ptol., Gloss.), - ητικός ( ἐκ- πηδάω) `fit for jumping' (Arist.). Backformation τρί-πηδος or - ον "three-jump", `trot' (Hippiatr.).Etymology: Sec. verbal formation of expressive character, either deverbative (Schwyzer 719) or denominative. As basic word most prob. is in the first case a verb for `fall etc.' in Skt. pád-ya-te ( ā-pad- `tread in', apa-pad- `run off' etc.), Germ., OE fetan; besides OWNo. feta, pret. fat ` find the way to', all prob. with very old connecion to the word for `foot' (s. πούς). -- If denominative, hardly to be separated from πηδόν, s.v. Wrong on πηδάω Deroy Les ét. class. 16, 351 ff., Ant. class. 32, 429ff.Page in Frisk: 2,526-527Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πηδάω
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8 σκιρτάω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: σκίρτ-ημα n. `jump' (A., E. a. o.), - ησις f. `the jumping' (Plu.), - ηθμός m. `id.', - ητής m. `jumper, dancer' (Mosch., Orph. a. o.), - ητικός (Plu., Corn.); Σκίρτος m. satyrname (backfomation; AP, Nonn. a. o.), - τών, - τῶνος m. `one who is elated' (Eun.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation in - τάω to σκαίρω (s. v.). The ι-vowel is a secondarily arisen propvowel (cf. the among each other dissimilar cases in Schwyzer 352 w. lit.). -- Uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,734-735Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκιρτάω
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9 σκάμμα
II place dug up and sanded, on which wrestlers practised, CIG2758 111 col.3 D ([place name] Aphrodisias), cf. IG14.1102.16 ([place name] Rome), 1107.10 (ibid.), Gal.Thras.46: prov., ἐπὶ τοῦ σ. ὤν at a crisis, time of trial, Plb.38.18.5; εἰς τοσοῦτο σ. προεκαλεῖτο πάντα ὁντιναοῦν to such trials, Arr.Epict.4.8.26. -
10 ἐφιάλτης
ἐφιάλτης, - ουGrammatical information: m. (Phryn. Kom., Dsk.),Meaning: `nightmare' (Phryn. Kom., Dsk.) - Έφιάλτης ( Έπι-) 1. mythical PN, son of Aloeus (or of Poseidon) and Iphimedeia, famous because of his unusual greatness and strength (Ε 385, λ 308, Pi. P. 4, 89); 2. PN (Hdt. etc.).,Other forms: also ἐπιάλτης (Alc. in Eust. 1687, 52); in the same meaning also ἠπιάλης, acc. - ητα (Sophr.), ἠπιόλης (Hdn. Gr.).Dialectal forms: Myc. E-pi-ja-ta?Derivatives: ἐφιαλτικός `suffering from nightmare' (Medic.), and the plant-name ἐφιάλτιον, - τία (Ps.-Dsc., Aët., because of its prophylactic use, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 90).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology. In antiquity the name of `nightmare', which is clearly as original name of a demon identical with the mythical name (cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 226), was connected with ἐφάλλομαι `jump (up)on somebody'; cf. ἐφιάλτης ὁ ἐπιπηδῶν H. and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33 n.1. The explanation, which is phonetically not without problems (Leumann Hom. Wörter 80 n. 45; s. also Schwyzer-Debrunner 465 n. 9 with different interpretation), must be considered as folk-etymology. The suggestion of Leumann l. c. (with Meister Dial. 1, 117), that ἐφιάλτης came from ἠπίαλος, name of a fever, through ἐπίαλος, ἐπιάλτης reshaped through folk-etymology after ἐφάλλομαι, is, acc. to Frisk, less probable because of the difference in meaning. Leumann separates the PN Έφιάλτης from that of the demon and connects it with ἐπ-ιάλλειν (but this does not explain the φ). - The forms ἠπιάλης, - όλης are based on mixing with ἠπίαλος, s. v. Other folk-etymological reshapings ( ἐφέλης, ἐπωφέλης etc.) in H. s. ἐπιάλης. If the name is identical with the noun ἠπίαλος, as Leumnn and Fur. 159, 258, 342 assume, it is Pre-Greek, which is what one might expect.Page in Frisk: 1,598-599Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐφιάλτης
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11 σκάνδαλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `trap', usu. (semitism) `temptation, scandal' (LXX, NT; PCair. Zen. 608, 7; IIIa [- άνων gen. pl.]).Derivatives: 1. σκανδαλ-ίζω `to tempt (to sin), to give offence, to annoy', - ίζομαι `to be tempted to sin, to take offence' (LXX, NT) with - ιστής m. des. of an acrobat, e.g. `trapeze-artist' ( SIG 847, 5; IIp; on the meaning below); 2. - όω `id.' (Aq.). Besides σκανδάλ-η f. `stick of a trap' (Alciphr. 3, 21, 1: κρεᾳδιον τῆς σκανδάλης ἀπαρτήσας; reading not quite certain), - ος ἐμποδισμός H. -- σκανδάλ-ηθρον n. (Ar. Ach. 687: σκανδάληθρ' ἱστὰς ἐπῶν), after sch. ad loc. `the crooked stick in the trap' ( τὸ ἐν παῖς παγίσι ἐπικαμπες ξύλον), after Poll. 7, 114 `that which is bound with the cord' (τὸ τῃ̃ σπαρτίνῃ προσηρτημένον as opposed to παττάλιον = τὸ ἱστάμενόν τε καὶ σχαζόμενον [ τῆς μυάγρας]; Poll. 10, 156 σκανδάληθρον is identified with παττάλιον.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [not in Pok.], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As instrument noun σκάνδαλον indicated prob. a suspended or free hanging down (piece of) wood (cf. πέτευρον, ῥόπτρον), from where developed in concreto both `loosenings, instrument (Germ. Stellholz) in an animal-trap' as `acrobat-bar' (from where σκανδαλιστής). From this σκανδάλ-ηθρον (on the formation Chantraine Form. 373 f.), prob. prop. of the trap (Germ. "Stellholzgerät") itself (thus most prob. in Ar.), but in use identified with σκάνδαλον, which referred to the trap (cf. Swed. giller `Stellholz, and the trap with it'). -- Of old (Pott, Bopp; s. Curtius 166) as IE connected with Lat. scandō `mount', Skt. skándati `jump, hop, hurry', MIr. perf. se-scaind `he jumped'; orig. meaning so `apparatus going off' (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 355 f.)? -- WP. 2, 540f., W.-Hofmann s. scandō; on σκάνδαλον further Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s. v. w. lit. (esp. G. Stählin Skandalon, Gütersloh 1930). -- The forms adduced seem to point to an IE word (* skend-, skond-), but the a-vocalism rather points to a Pre-Greek word; as does the meaning (technical instr., used by acrobats; cf. on κυβιστάω).Page in Frisk: 2,717-718Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάνδαλον
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12 ὑπερβαίνω
A- βήσομαι Heraclit.94
: [tense] aor. 2 ὑπερέβην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.ὑπέρβᾰσαν Il.12.469
:—step over, mount, scale, c. acc.,τεῖχος Il.
l. c.;οὐδόν Od.8.80
; , Th.3.20;γεῖσα τειχέων E.Ph. 1180
; ; ὑ. τοὺς οὔρους cross the boundaries, Hdt.6.108; τὰ ὄρεα, Αἷμον, Id.4.25, Th.2.96; δόμους step over the threshold of the house, E.Med. 382 codd.; (troch., s. v. l.);ὑ. τέγος ὡς τοὺς γείτονας D.22.53
; ὑ. τὴν οἰκίαν τινός, of burglars, PTeb.796.2 (ii B. C.); but more usu. ὑ. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ib. 793vi21 (ii B. C.), cf. BGU 1007.10 (iii B. C.), PSI4.396.4 (iii B. C.) (the usage c. gen. is more than dub.; in Hdt.3.54 the best codd. have ἐπέβησαν; in E.Supp. 1049 Kirchhoff restored ὑπεκβᾶσ'; in Ion 220 Herm. supplied βᾱλόν): abs.,ὑ. εἰς τὴν τῶν Θηβαίων X.HG5.4.59
;τῶν [ἡδονῶν] εἰς τὸ ἐπέκεινα ὑ. Pl.R. 587c
; of rivers, overflow, ἐς τὴν χώρην, ἐς τὰς ἀρούρας, Hdt.2.13,14; εἰ ἐθελήσει ὑπερβῆναι ὁ ποταμὸς ταύτῃ ib.99.2 overstep, transgress,μέτρα Heraclit.
l. c.;οὐ θέμιν οὐδὲ δίκαν Pi.Fr.1.5
;νόμους τοὺς Περσέων Hdt.3.83
, cf. S.Ant. 449, al.;τοὺς ὅρκους D.11.2
;τὸν τῶν ἀναγκαίων ὅρον Pl.R. 373d
;τῆς εἱμαρμένης ὅρον IG12(7).53.32
(Amorgos, iii A. D.); τἀληθές exceed the truth, Phld.Po.5.24: abs., transgress, trespass, sin, ὅτε κέν τις ὑπερβήῃ ([dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. subj.)καὶ ἁμάρτῃ Il.9.501
;ὑ. καὶ ἁμαρτάνοντες Pl.R. 366a
, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.4.6.3 pass or go beyond,τοὺς προσεχέας Hdt.3.89
; leave out, omit, Pl.R. 528d, al., Epicur.Ep.3p.63U., Gal.15.592, etc.;ὑ. τι τῷ λόγῳ D.4.38
;ὑ. τὸ σαφὲς εἰπεῖν Id.60.31
; pass over, i. e. leave unmolested, the next heir, Is. 3.57; ὑ. τῆς οὐσίας omit part of it, Arist.APo. 91b27.5 of Time, pass by, elapse,ὑπερβάντων τῶν τῆς συμπαθείας χρόνων Sor.2.41
.II go beyond, ὑπερβὰς ἑβδομήκοντα [ ἔτη] after passing the age of seventy, Pl.Lg. 755b; ὑ. τοῦτο go beyond this, in their demands, Plb.2.15.6; transcend,τὸν νοῦν Plot.6.7.39
: abs., dies ὑπερβαίνοντες supernumerary days in the calendar, Macr.Sat.1.13.10.2 surpass, outdo,πάσῃ παρὰ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὑ. ἀρετῇ Pl.Ti. 24d
;ὑ. ἢ γνῶσιν σαφηνείᾳ ἢ ἄγνοιαν ἀσαφείᾳ Id.R. 478c
: abs., dub. l. in Thgn. 1015.IV in [tense] pf., to be higher than,δύο [ἐσχάρας] ὑπερβεβηκυίας τὴν ἐν τῷ μεταφρένῳ ἐσχάραν Paul.Aeg.6.44
.B Causal in [tense] aor. 1, put over, ὑπερβησάτω ἐπὶ τὰς δεξιὰς πλευρὰς τὴν κνήμην, as a direction to one mounting a horse, X.Eq.7.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπερβαίνω
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13 κόλυμβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `small diver, Podiceps minor' (Ar.; Thompson Birds 158), also backformation of κολυμβάω, s. v.Other forms: Note κολυμφάω (EM 526, 2). In the same meaning κολυμβίς f. (Ar., Arist.), - άς f. `id.' (Ath.), but usu. of olives pickled in brine (Diph. Siph., pap.); κολύμβαινα = κολύβδαινα (Archig. ap. Gal.), κολύμβατος name of a plant (Gp.), motive unknown, cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 113 and κολυμβάς as name of the ostrich ( στοιβή) in Gal.Derivatives: Denomin. verb κολυμβάω, often with prefix, e. g. ἐκ-, κατα-, ἀνα-, δια-, `dive (under), jump into the water, swim' (Att., hell.) with κολυμβήθρα `bathing place, pool, cistern' (Pl.), κολύμβησις `diving' = `pearl-fishery' (Peripl. M. Rubr.), as backformation κόλυμβος = κολύμβησις (Str., Paus., Plu.) and - ήθρα (Hero); κολυμβητήρ (A.) and - ητής (Th., Pl.) `diver' (cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 14 a. 17f.) with κολυμβητική ( τέχνη) `art of diving' (Pl.); also κολυμβιστής (sch.); κολυμβιτεύω (= - ητεύω?) `throw into the water' (Pap.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Uncertain. Against equation with Lat. columba `dove' rightly W.-Hofmann s. v.; a common IE. * kolu-mb(h)- (- nb(h)-) is of course a phonetic nonentity. S. Pok. 547f., W.-Hofmann s. columba. Apart from the suffix - υμβ- the vatiant κολυμφάω shows a Pre-Greek word. The variation μβ \/ βδ can be most easily explained from a palatalized b (by), of which the palatal feature was lost after pernasalization, giving μβ (cf. Fur. 307 n. 117, but μόλυβδος \/ plumbum must now be given up, s.v.).Page in Frisk: 1,905-906Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλυμβος
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14 ὑπεραίρω
A lift or raise up over, ;τὴν ὀφρῦν ὑπὲρ τοὺς κροτάφους Luc.Am.54
; ἑρμάτων ὑ. τὸ σκάφος over the rocks, Philostr.VA3.23; ὑ. τὸ φθέγμα raise it very high, Luc.Ner.9:—[voice] Med., lift oneself or rise above,πάντων Anon.
in Rh.1.632 W.: abs., to be lifted up, 2 Ep.Cor.12.7; give oneself airs, be coy, Aristaenet.1.17, 2.6; exalt oneself above,ἐπὶ θεόν 2 Ep.Thess.2.4
.II intr.,1 c. acc., jump over,τειχία X.Eq.Mag.8.3
; cross,Ἄλπεις Plb.2.23.1
;ὑ. τὸ πέλαγος
pass over,Id.
1.28.1; ὑ. τὴν ἄκραν double the cape, Id.1.54.7; κάμψαντες τὸν Πάχυνον ὑ. [ τὸ πέλαγος] εἰς .. Id.1.25.8; alsoτὸν Καταράκτην OGI654.6
(Egypt, i B. C.): abs., cross the sea, Plb.1.47.2: as naval and military term, outflank,τὸ λαιὸν τῶν πολεμίων Plb.1.50.6
, cf. 3.73.7, etc.: without a sense of motion, rise above,τὸ ὕδωρ Thphr. HP4.8.10
;τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ δένδρου Id.CP5.14.9
.2 excel, τινι in a thing, D.18.220: c. acc., excel, Id.60.21, Aristeas 16, Philostr.Her.2.19; A5 (Delph., ii/iii A. D.);νοῦν ὑπεραίρει Plot.6.7.22
.3 overshoot, go beyond, (anap.);ὑ. τὸν ὡρισμένον καιρόν Plb. 9.14.11
;τὴν συνήθειαν Id.28.14.2
; exceed,ὑ. τῆς οὐσίας τὸ μέγεθος ὁ τῶν τέκνων ἀριθμός Arist.Pol. 1266b11
;οὗ ἡ πρόνοια τὰς πάντων εὐχὰς οὐκ ἐπλήρωσε μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερῆρε BMus.Inscr.894.8
(Halic., i A. D.); πυγωνιαῖον ἢ μικρὸν ὑπεραῖρον a little more, Thphr.HP4.6.8; τῶν ὑπεραιρόντων ἱερέων the priests in excess (of a certain number), BGU1.16 (iii A. D.); τῶν ὑπεραιρούντων (sic)τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἱερέων PLond.2.347.6
(iii A. D.); τὸ ὑπεραῖρον ἀργύριον the money (received) in excess, SIG976.27 (Samos, ii B. C.); τοσοῦτον ἐν [ τοῖς δαπανηθεῖσιν] ὑπερῆρεν [ αὐτόν] he so far exceeded him in his expenditure, D.C.37.8; overdone,Philostr.
VA8.6; exaggeration,Plb.
16.12.9.III c. gen., pass beyond, double a cape,τοῦ ἀκρωτηρίου Philostr.VA3.24
; rise above,τῆς γῆς Id.Her.19.16
.2 transcend, exceed, μήθ' ὑπεραίροντα τῶν εἰθισμένων ὄγκων (τὸν εἰθ. ὄγκον Stob.
)μήτ' ἐλλείποντα Pl.Lg. 717d
, cf. D.C.75.13 (c. gen.), etc.;ὑ. τῷ μεγέθει τινῶν D.S.20.91
, etc.; overcome,τέχνῃ τοῦ ῥοθίου Philostr.VA7.26
.3 c. gen., despise, ib.1.2, Philostr.Jun.Im.7.2 ὑ. ὑπέρ τι project beyond.., Arr.Tact.12.9; οἱ ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ζυγῷ ὑ. τοὺς πρωτοστάτας πήχεις σ, i.e. their σάρισαι project beyond.., Ael.Tact. 14.4; ὑπεραίρειν ἔξω τὰ βλέφαρα project beyond the eyelids, of a tumour, Aët.7.36, cf. 15; overlap, Aristarch.Sam.8.V Ὑπεραίρων, οντος, ὁ, Most Excellent, = Lat. Exsuperatorius, name given to December by Commodus, D.C.72.15.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπεραίρω
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15 σπαίρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to twitch, to flaunce' of living creatures etc. (rare examples in Arist., A. R., Plb., D.H., AP);Other forms: only pres.Etymology: Can be formally identical with Lith. spiriù, spìrti `push with the foot, kick backwards etc.'; here, also with zero grade, the thematic Skt. sphuráti `push with the foot, jump up, have conculsions', with nasal Lat. spernō eig. *push away', `reject', Germ., e.g. OHG spurnan `kick out with the foot, the heel', prob. also Arm. spaṙnam `threaten' (Meillet BSL 31, 52). Further forms with rich lit. in WP. 2, 668ff., Pok. 992f., W.-Hofmann s. spernō, Fraenkel s. spìrti, also in Bq. -- Because of the late and rare ocurrence of σπαίρω Güntert. 146 wants to see in it, perh. corectly, a cross of earlier and much commoner ἀσπαίρω (s. v.) with σκαίρω. Cf. σφυρόν and σπείρω, also σπυρθίζω.Page in Frisk: 2,755-756Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπαίρω
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16 ἀνατρέχω
A- δραμοῦμαι Luc.Ind.4
, poet. [ per.] 3sg.- δράμεται AP9.575
(Phil.): [tense] aor. - έδραμον (v. infr.); [tense] aor. subj. [voice] Med.ἀναδράμηται Hp.Ep.19
( Hermes 53.69):—run back,ὁ μὲν αὖθις ἀνέδραμε Il.16.813
, cf. 11.354;ἀνά τ' ἔδραμ' ὀπίσσω 5.599
; return, of the sea, Plu.2.915a;εἰς τὰς ἐξ ἀρχῆς τάξεις Plb.2.67.6
;εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν Plu.Pel.31
;εἰς τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν φιλίαν D.S.20.59
; of property, revert,ἐπί τινα Just.Nov.7.4
; in writing, recur to a point,ἐπί τι Plb.5.40.4
: abs.,ἀ. τοῖς χρόνοις 1.12.6
,al.2 c. acc., retrace, traverse,κῦδος ἀνέδραμον ὕμνῳ Pi.O.8.54
, cf. Semon.10; undo,ἁμαρτιαν Men.15D.
;ἀ. τὴν τῆς φύσεως ἐλάττωσιν
make amends for,Plu.
2.2c, cf. Luc.Ind. 4.3 revert, ἐπὶ τοὺς λόγους, τὴν ὕλην, Plot.5.8.1; return to source, of light,4.5.7; run back to (logically),ἐπὶ τὴν κοινοτάτην αἰτίαν Phld. D.1.16
, cf. Plot.6.1.30.4 have recourse to,ἐπὶ.. Luc.Abd.11
, al., Eun.Hist.p.251 D.II jump up and run, start up, of men,ἀναδραμὼν ἔθεε Hdt.3.36
; ἐκ τῆς κοίτης, ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου, Id.7.15, 212;πρὸς τὰ μετέωρα Th.3.89
, cf. X.HG4.4.4.2 of things, ἐγκεφαλος δὲ.. ἀνέδραμεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς the brains spurted up from the wound, Il.17.297; σμώδιγγες.. ἀνέδραμον weals started up under the blow, 23.717; slip up, Gal.18(1).829; run or spread over,τὸ πάθος ἀ. ἐπὶ τὴν χεῖρα Plu. 2.978c
;ἔρευθος ἀ. Call.Lav.Pall.27
.3 run up, shoot up, of plants,ὁ δ' ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος Il.18.56
, cf. Hdt.8.55: hence, of cities and peoples, shoot up, rise quickly,ἀνά τ' ἔδραμον καὶ εὐθενήθησαν Hdt.1.66
, cf. 7.156;ἀ. εἰς ἀξίωμα Plu.Publ.21
; ἀ. τοῖς βίοις, ταῖς ἐλπίσι, D.S.5.12, 18.20;ἀ. ἡ πολυτέλεια
increased,Plu.
Mar.34.4 λίσση δ' ἀναδέδρομε πέτρη the rock ran sheer up, Od.5.412.5 metaph., soar aloft, of digression to a nobler theme,ἀνέδραμε πρὸς τὴν ἐν οὐρανῷ λύραν Anon. in SE40.23
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνατρέχω
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17 σκνίψ
A , al., butσκνῖπες Ps.104(105).31
; acc. σκνίπας [ῐ] Ezek.Exag. 135:—an insect found under the bark of trees, eaten by the woodpecker, Arist.HA 614b1, Sens. 444b12 (in both places with v.l. κνίψ, which is the form used by Thphr.), Plu.2.636d: from its quick jump comes the prov., ὁ σκνὶψ ἐν χώρᾳ ' a flea at home!' Stratt.70, Zen.5.35:—an insect which attacks vines, Gal.12.186. (Cf. Slav. sknipa 'gnat'.) -
18 ἀσκώλια
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: feast for Dionysos (Sch. Ar. Pl. 1129).Derivatives: ἀσκωλιάζω (Ar. Pl. 1129), Sch. `hop on greased wineskins at the A.', from where Poll. 9, 121 ἀσκωλιασμός, elsewhere `hop on one leg; jump up an down with legs held together' (Arist.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἀσκώλ- from ἀσκός with a suffix - (ō)lo- was considered ( Chantr. Form. 243f., Schwyzer 484; diff. Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1902, 140), but given the different meaning the connection with ἀσκός will be secondary. - Comparing σκωλοβατίζω `walk upon stilts' (Epich.), and ἀγκωλιάδεν ἅλλεσθαι, Κρῆτες (AB 1, 327, 5), ἀγκωλιάζων ἁλλόμενος τῳ̃ ἑτέρῳ ποδί H. Schulze Q. Ep.141 n. 2 assumed *ἄσκωλος \< *ἄν-σκωλος. S. Latte, Hermes 85, 1957, 385-392. But σκωλοβατίζω is something different, clearly derived from σκῶλος. DELG derives the ἀγκωλ- forms from ἀνα- and κῶλον (but if this means 'leg', it gives no good meaning). (Wrong Fur. 241.) Is χωλός connected?Page in Frisk: 1,165-166Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσκώλια
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19 ἐξάλλομαι
A : [tense] aor. (lyr.),- ηλάμην Luc.Asin.53
, [dialect] Dor.- άλατο Theoc.
(v. infr.); [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. part. - άλμενος (v. infr.):— leap out of or forth from, ἐξάλλεται αὐλῆς, of a lion, Il.5.142: elsewh. used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. part. ἐξάλμενος, abs., 15.571: c. gen., προμάχων ἐξάλμενος, τῶν ἄλλων ἐ. springing out from the midst of.., 17.342, 23.399 (not in Od.);ἐξάλατο ναός Theoc.17.100
; ἐ. κατὰ τοῦ τείχους leap down off.., X. HG7.2.6: abs., jump, hop off, Ar.V. 130, Act.Ap.3.8; ὦ δαῖμον, ἵν' ἐξήλου; to what point didst thou leap forth, i.e. to what misery hast thou come ? S.OT 1311 (lyr.); of fish, leap out of the water, Arist. HA 602a29, cf. 528a32.2 start from its socket, be dislocated, of a limb,ἐ. ἔξαλσιν Hp.Art.46
; of a broken bone, Plu.2.341b; of wheels, start from the axle, X.Cyr.7.1.32.II leap up, Id.An. 7.3.33;μήκιστα ἐ. Ph.1.318
; of horses, rear, X.Cyr.7.1.27.3 metaph., ἐ. πρός τι fly off to, have recourse to, Plu.2.382e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξάλλομαι
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20 ἀρνευτήρ
ἀρνευτήρ, - ῆροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `jumper'; also a bird (Il.). Sch. AT zu Μ 385: ἀρνευτηρ· ὁ κυβιστήρ, παρὰ τοὺς ἄρνας οὗτοι γὰρ κυβιστῶσιν ὥσπερ τὸν ἀέρα κυρίττοντες [the idea of the latter addition is unclear to me].Other forms: ἀρνευτής m. epithet of a fish (Numen. ap. Ath.; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 50).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Derived from the stem ἀρνευ- seen in ἀρνηϜ- in ἀρνειός; βυτ τηε οριγιν οφ ἀρνευ- is not clear: one suggests ἀρήν (or ἄρσην: improbable). See Fur. 235 on ἄρναπον τὸν ἄρνα H. (Latte reads ἀρνάριον); he prefers an separate root for `jump'.Page in Frisk: 1,146Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρνευτήρ
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