teach

dē-dŏcĕo, ēre, v. a., to cause one to unlearn something, to unteach, teach the opposite of (rare, but class.).

With double acc.:

aliquem geometriam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20:

regnorum gaudia temet,

Stat. Th. 2, 409.—

With acc. pers. and inf.:

(virtus) populum falsis Dedocet uti Vocibus,

Hor. Od. 2, 2, 20.—

Pass.:

cum aut docendus is est aut dedocendus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

cum a Zenone fortis esse didicisset, a dolore dedoctus est,

id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60. In the gerund absol.:

onus dedocendi gravius quam docendi,

Quint. 2, 3, 2:

ut coercendi magis quam dedocendi esse videantur,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51.

disco, dĭdĭci, 3 ( part. fut.: sic disciturum, etc., App. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.), v. a. [from the root da-, Gr. dedaôs, daênai; dak-, cf. doceo, doctus, Gr. didaskô], to learn, to learn to know, to become acquainted with, etc. (for syn. cf.: capio, percipio, concipio, comprehendo, intellego, cognosco, nosco, agnosco, animadverto, calleo, scio—very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).

With acc.:

litteras Graecas senex didici,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26; id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: so,

litteras,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22:

jus civile,

id. Mur. 9, 19; 10, 23:

litteras apud aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

dialectica ab aliquo,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 98:

artem ab aliquo,

Quint. 3, 1, 10 et saep.:

aliquid de aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31:

virtutem ex me, fortunam ex aliis,

Verg. A. 12, 435; cf. Quint. 12, 8, 6 al.:

fabularum similia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36:

artes,

id. ib. 2, 21:

palaestram,

Quint. 5, 10, 121:

affectum,

id. 1, 11, 2:

inde vocabula prima,

Lucr. 5, 1042:

elementa prima,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 26:

dulces querelas,

Lucr. 5, 1384; cf.

preces,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 133 et saep.:

me peritus Discet Iber,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 20; cf.:

quem (Augustum) didicere Vindelici,

id. ib. 4, 14, 8:

omnes crimine ab uno,

Verg. A. 2, 66 et saep.— Pass.:

dum est, unde jus civile discatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45; cf.

jus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9:

Crassus, quod disci potuit de jure didicit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:

tot artibus discendis,

Quint. 12, 11, 9 et saep.—

With inf. or acc. and inf.:

pueri qui nare discunt,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9:

rapere et clepere,

Cic. Rep. 4, 5 (ap. Non. 20, 15):

Latine loqui,

Sall. J. 101, 6:

nobis ignoscere,

Quint. 11, 2, 45:

assem in partes diducere,

Hor. A. P. 326:

bene ferre magnam fortunam,

id. C. 3, 27, 75 et saep.:

bene ubi quod consilium discimus accidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 15:

discit, Litavicum ad sollicitandos Haeduos profectum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

animadverti et didici ex tuis litteris te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5; id. Ac. 2, 30 fin.:

deos didici securum agere aevum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 101 et saep.—

With relat. clause:

plures discent, quemadmodum haec fiant, quam quemadmodum his resistatur,

Cic. Lael. 12, 41:

quantum in Etruria belli esset,

Liv. 10, 25:

patriae quid debeat, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 312 et saep.—

Absol.:

disces tu quidem a principe hujus aetatis philosophorum, et disces quamdiu voles,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

didicit,

i. e. oratory, id. Brut. 71, 249; Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; Quint. 1, 12, 14 al.:

discendi aut visendi causa maria transmittere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3; so,

discendi causa,

id. ib. 1, 10; id. Off. 2, 1, 4; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin. al.:

se ita a patribus majoribusque suis didicisse, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 6. —Ellipt.:

discebant fidibus antiqui, sc. canere,

Cic. de Sen. 8 fin. (cf.:

docere fidibus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire fidibus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 5, 53).—

Transf., of inanimate subjects:

manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 159:

nec varios discet mentiri lana colores,

Verg. E. 4, 42:

arbores,

Plin. H. N. 16 prooem.—

To teach = docere (late Lat., cf. manthanein, and Eng. learn):

falsa discentes,

Amm. 14, 1.

ē-dŏcĕo, cŭi, ctum, 2, v. a., to teach thoroughly; to instruct, inform, apprise one of any thing (class.; for syn. cf.: doceo, perdoceo, erudio, praecipio, instituo). —With acc. pers. and rei:

eadem haec intus edocebo, quae ego scio, Stratippoclem,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 56; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 91; Sall. C. 16, 1; Liv. 1, 20; Plin. Pan. 26 al.; cf. in the pass.:

Cicero per legatos cuncta edoctus,

Sall. C. 45, 1; Liv. 25, 40; Tac. A. 13, 47; Luc. 1, 587; and with acc. pers. and inf.:

Etruscam Edocuit gentem casus aperire futuros,

Ov. M. 15, 559; cf. in the pass.:

edoctus tandem deos esse,

Liv. 29, 18.— With acc. pers. and rel. clause:

quos ille edocuerat, quae dici vellet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 4; so id. B. C. 3, 108, 2; cf. in the pass.:

ante edocti, quae interrogati pronuntiarent,

id. B. G. 7, 20, 10; Liv. 32, 26:

eadem fere quae Volturcius de paratis incendiis senatum edocet (Kritz. docet),

Sall. C. 48, 4:

ab Evandro edocti,

Liv. 32, 26; cf.:

tot cladibus edocti,

id. 30, 37; and:

in qua (disciplina) edoctus esset,

id. 24, 4:

aliquid,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

omnia ordine,

Liv. 24, 24.— With interrog. clause:

quid fieri velit, edocet,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 2; 7, 19, 4; Liv. 37, 25; cf. Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 7; and with obj. acc. and inf., Verg. A. 8, 13:

ut edoceas, ut res se habet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 20.—With acc. pers. and subj. clause:

Phanium edocebo, Ne quid vereatur Phormionem,

Ter. Ph. 5, 2, 17.—

Transf., of abstract subjects:

fama Punici belli satis edocuerat, viam tantum Alpes esse,

Liv. 27, 39: edocuit tamen ratio... ut videremus, etc., * Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 80.—Hence, * ēdŏcenter, adv., instructively:

scriptum est,

Gell. 16, 8, 3.

ē-rŭdĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. a., qs. to free from roughness, i. e. to polish, educate, instruct, teach (freq. and class.; cf.: doceo, edoceo, praecipio, instituo).

Prop.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156:

aliquem,

id. Div. 2, 2 (with docere); id. de Or. 3, 9, 35 (with instituere); id. ib. 2, 1, 12; Quint. prooem. § 1;

6 et saep.: filios ad majorum instituta (with instituere),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 26:

aliquem artibus,

id. Fam. 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 2, 19, 34:

eum ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum erudiit,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

aliquem in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 59 fin.; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3.—With two acc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem leges praeceptaque belli,

Stat. Th. 10, 507; cf. Val. Fl. 2, 50; v. also under P. a.: aliquem, with an object-clause, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149; cf.

without aliquem,

Ov. F. 3, 820; Sil. 11, 352.—With a rel.-clause as object:

qua possint arte capi,

Ov. F. 3, 294:

tirones neque in ludo, neque per lanistas,

i. e. to cause to be instructed, Suet. Caes. 26:

gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditi,

Quint. 2, 17, 33:

Athenas erudiendi gratia missus,

Just. 17, 3, 11;

once: aliquem de aliqua re, Cic.: obviae mihi velim sint tuae litterae, quae me erudiant de omni re publica,

instruct me, keep me informed of, Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—

Transf., of objects not personal:

artes,

Ov. M. 8, 215:

ut flerent, oculos erudiere suos,

id. R. Am. 690; id. Am. 1, 14, 30:

Polycletus consummasse hanc scientiam judicatur et toreuticen sic erudisse, ut Phidias aperuisse,

to have cultivated, brought to perfection, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 56.— Hence, ērŭdītus, a, um, P. a., learned, accomplished, well-informed, skilled, experienced (cf.: litteratus, doctus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).

Prop.:

est non satis politus iis artibus, quas qui tenent eruditi appellantur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7 fin.:

Graeculus otiosus et loquax, et fortasse doctus atque eruditus,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102:

semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines placuerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 17 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 3:

nec sicut vulgus sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem,

id. Lael. 2, 6; cf.

opp. rusticus,

Quint. 11, 1, 45; 8, 6, 75 et saep.:

non transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditi, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15 fin.:

homines non litteris ad rei militaris scientiam, sed rebus gestis ac victoriis eruditos,

id. Font. 15, 33; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Brut. 67, 236; id. Arch. 7; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23 al.:

eruditi Socraticis disputationibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 139:

a pueris eruditi artibus militiae,

Liv. 42, 52 et saep.; cf. in the comp.:

litteris eruditior quam Curio,

Cic. Brut. 82; and in the sup.:

Scaevola, homo omnium et disciplina juris civilis eruditissimus,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180.— With acc.:

Graecas res eruditi,

Gell. 2, 21, 3; cf. id. 19, 12, 9.—With inf.:

eruditus utilia honestis miscere,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Transf., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

quod ceteri minus eruditis hominum seculis fuerunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

tempora (with docti homines),

id. ib.:

aures,

id. ib. 2, 42; id. Or. 34, 119; Quint. 10, 1, 32:

animus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 14: oratio (opp. popularis), id. Par. prooem. § 4; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 17; 8, 6, 24 al.:

Graecorum copia,

fulness of Greek learning, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7: palata, i. e. practised, fine (with docta), Col. 8, 16, 4; cf.

gustus,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—In neutr. with a subject-clause:

ex historia ducere urbanitatem, eruditum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 98; cf.:

eruditissimum longe, si, etc.,

id. 9, 2, 97.— Adv.: ērŭdītē, learnedly, eruditely. — Comp., Cic. de Sen. 1 fin.; Quint. 1, 5, 36.— Sup., Cic. Or. 52; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 8.

ē-rŭdĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. a., qs. to free from roughness, i. e. to polish, educate, instruct, teach (freq. and class.; cf.: doceo, edoceo, praecipio, instituo).

Prop.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156:

aliquem,

id. Div. 2, 2 (with docere); id. de Or. 3, 9, 35 (with instituere); id. ib. 2, 1, 12; Quint. prooem. § 1;

6 et saep.: filios ad majorum instituta (with instituere),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 26:

aliquem artibus,

id. Fam. 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 2, 19, 34:

eum ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum erudiit,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

aliquem in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 59 fin.; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3.—With two acc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem leges praeceptaque belli,

Stat. Th. 10, 507; cf. Val. Fl. 2, 50; v. also under P. a.: aliquem, with an object-clause, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149; cf.

without aliquem,

Ov. F. 3, 820; Sil. 11, 352.—With a rel.-clause as object:

qua possint arte capi,

Ov. F. 3, 294:

tirones neque in ludo, neque per lanistas,

i. e. to cause to be instructed, Suet. Caes. 26:

gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditi,

Quint. 2, 17, 33:

Athenas erudiendi gratia missus,

Just. 17, 3, 11;

once: aliquem de aliqua re, Cic.: obviae mihi velim sint tuae litterae, quae me erudiant de omni re publica,

instruct me, keep me informed of, Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—

Transf., of objects not personal:

artes,

Ov. M. 8, 215:

ut flerent, oculos erudiere suos,

id. R. Am. 690; id. Am. 1, 14, 30:

Polycletus consummasse hanc scientiam judicatur et toreuticen sic erudisse, ut Phidias aperuisse,

to have cultivated, brought to perfection, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 56.— Hence, ērŭdītus, a, um, P. a., learned, accomplished, well-informed, skilled, experienced (cf.: litteratus, doctus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).

Prop.:

est non satis politus iis artibus, quas qui tenent eruditi appellantur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7 fin.:

Graeculus otiosus et loquax, et fortasse doctus atque eruditus,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102:

semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines placuerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 17 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 3:

nec sicut vulgus sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem,

id. Lael. 2, 6; cf.

opp. rusticus,

Quint. 11, 1, 45; 8, 6, 75 et saep.:

non transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditi, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15 fin.:

homines non litteris ad rei militaris scientiam, sed rebus gestis ac victoriis eruditos,

id. Font. 15, 33; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Brut. 67, 236; id. Arch. 7; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23 al.:

eruditi Socraticis disputationibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 139:

a pueris eruditi artibus militiae,

Liv. 42, 52 et saep.; cf. in the comp.:

litteris eruditior quam Curio,

Cic. Brut. 82; and in the sup.:

Scaevola, homo omnium et disciplina juris civilis eruditissimus,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180.— With acc.:

Graecas res eruditi,

Gell. 2, 21, 3; cf. id. 19, 12, 9.—With inf.:

eruditus utilia honestis miscere,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Transf., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

quod ceteri minus eruditis hominum seculis fuerunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

tempora (with docti homines),

id. ib.:

aures,

id. ib. 2, 42; id. Or. 34, 119; Quint. 10, 1, 32:

animus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 14: oratio (opp. popularis), id. Par. prooem. § 4; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 17; 8, 6, 24 al.:

Graecorum copia,

fulness of Greek learning, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7: palata, i. e. practised, fine (with docta), Col. 8, 16, 4; cf.

gustus,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—In neutr. with a subject-clause:

ex historia ducere urbanitatem, eruditum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 98; cf.:

eruditissimum longe, si, etc.,

id. 9, 2, 97.— Adv.: ērŭdītē, learnedly, eruditely. — Comp., Cic. de Sen. 1 fin.; Quint. 1, 5, 36.— Sup., Cic. Or. 52; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 8.

fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. dih-, dēhmi, smear; Gr. thig, thinganô, touch; whence figulus, figura, etc.; prop., to handle].

Lit.

To touch, handle, stroke, touch gently (rare):

mulcere alternos, et corpora fingere lingua,

Verg. A. 8, 634:

saepe manus aegras manibus fingebat amicis,

Ov. F. 5, 409.—

Esp., to form, shape, fashion, frame, make (class.), whence also figulus:

esse aliquam vim, quae finxerit, vel, ut tuo verbo utar, quae fabricata sit hominem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 87; cf.:

ab aliquo deo ficti esse videantur,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

fingere et construere nidos,

build, id. ib. 2, 6, 23:

favos,

id. Off. 1, 44, 157:

ut illa bestia fetum ederet informem, lambendo postgea fingeret, etc.,

Gell. 17, 10, 3.—

In partic.

Of the plastic art, to form or fashion by art (in wax, clay, stone, etc.), to mould or model, as a statuary:

quorum alterum fingere opinor e cera solitum esse, alterum esse pictorem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 30; cf.:

in ceris aut fictilibus figuris,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 71:

similitudines ex argilla,

Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151; cf.

, sarcastically: hic homullus, ex argilla et luto fictus Epicurus,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

pocula de humo,

Ov. Tr. 2, 489:

Alexander ab Apelle potissimum pingi et a Lysippo fingi volebat... qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf.:

fingendi ars,

of making statues, statuary, id. de Or. 3, 7, 26:

corpora fingendo pingendove efficere,

Quint. 5, 12, 21.—

With the access. notion of arranging, adorning, etc., to set to rights, arrange; to adorn, dress, trim ( poet. syn.:

componere, excolere, ornare): Bene cum lauta est (mulier), tersa, ornata, ficta est: infecta est tamen,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 4:

cum se non finxerit ulli,

Ov. R. Am. 341:

isti ficti, compositi, crispi cincinni,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

canas fingere comas,

Tib. 1, 2, 92:

comas presso pollice,

Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 306; Mart. 6, 57; cf.:

comas auro,

Stat. Th. 5, 228:

crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 148; cf. also Phaedr. 2, 2, 9:

vitem putando,

Verg. G. 2, 407 Forbig.—

With the access. notion of untruth, to alter, change, for the purpose of dissembling:

hi neque vultum fingere, neque interdum lacrimas tenere poterant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:

vultus quoque hominum fingit scelus,

i. e. makes men change countenance, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 14.

Trop.

In gen., to form, fashion, make: Ly. multa eveniunt homini quae [p. 751] volt, quae nevolt. Ph. Mentire, gnate, nam sapiens quidem pol ipsus fingit fortunam sibi, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 84; cf.

the vv. foll.: natura fingit homines et creat imitatores et narratores facetos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 219:

animos fingere, formare,

id. Brut. 38, 142: cf.:

moderari et fingere mentem ac voluntates,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:

ea quae nobis non possumus fingere, vultus, facies, sonus,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: formam totius rei publicae velim mittas, ex qua me fingere possim, regulate myself, i. e. proceed, act, id. Att. 6, 3, 4; cf.:

ad eorum (qui audiunt) arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt et accommodant,

id. Or. 8, 24:

ea (verba) nos sicut mollissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formamus et fingimus,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.

also: arbitrio fingere,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

fortuna humana fingit artatque ut lubet,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 54; cf.:

vitam subito flecti fingique posse,

shaped, directed, Cic. Sull. 28, 79; cf. id. ib. 25, 69:

jure erat semper idem voltus, cum mentis, a qua is fingitur, nulla fieret mutatio,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:

circumspexit amictus et finxit vultum,

composed, Ov. M. 4, 318:

lingua vocem immoderate profusam fingit et terminat,

forms, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

Peripateticorum institutis commodius fingeretur oratio,

id. Brut. 31, 119: ego apis Matinae more modoque operosa parvus carmina fingo (like the Gr. plattô), make, compose, Hor. C. 4, 2, 32:

carmina,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331; 240:

versus,

id. ib. 382:

poëmata,

Suet. Tit. 3:

opprobria in quemvis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30.—

In partic.

With a double predicate, to form, make into something or in a certain manner:

finxit te ipsa natura ad honestatem, gravitatem... ad omnes denique virtutes magnum hominem et excelsum,

Cic. Mur. 29, 60:

nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget,

Verg. A. 2, 79:

(illum) spissae nemorum comae Fingent Aeolio carmine nobilem,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 12:

di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli Finxerunt animi,

id. S. 1, 4, 18: timui, mea me finxisse minora putarer Dissimulator opis propriae, to have lessened, i. e. purposely disparaged it, id. Ep. 1, 9, 8.—

To form by instruction, to instruct, teach, train:

idem mire finxit filium,

i. e. caused him to play his part, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 25; cf.:

voce paterna Fingeris ad rectum,

Hor. A. P. 367:

fingitur artibus,

id. C. 3, 6, 22:

fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire viam, qua monstret eques,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 64.—

To form mentally or in speech, to represent in thought, to imagine, conceive, think, suppose; to sketch out:

fingite animis... fingite cogitatione imaginem hujus condicionis meae, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 29, 79; cf.:

omnia quae cogitatione nobismet ipsi possumus fingere,

id. N. D. 3, 18, 47:

fingere animo,

id. de Sen. 12, 41: cf.

also: animo et cogitatione,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

ex sua natura ceteros,

to conceive of, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

quid magis exercitum dici aut fingi potest?

id. Mil. 2, 5:

maleficium,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

tu, stulta, deos, tu fingis inania vera,

Prop. 3, 20 (4, 19), 5:

qui utilitatum causa fingunt amicitias,

suppose, Cic. Lael. 14, 51:

principatum sibi ipse opinionis errore finxerat,

had imagined to himself, id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in summo oratore fingendo,

in representing, sketching out, id. Or. 2, 7:

finge tamen te improbulum,

Juv. 5, 72.—

With double acc.:

quod si qui me astutiorem fingit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6:

Tiresiam sapientem fingunt poetae... at vero Polyphemum Homerus immanem finxit,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—

With an object-clause, and in pass., with a subject-clause:

finge, aliquem nunc fierisapientem, nondum esse,

suppose, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:

finge solum natum nothum,

Quint. 3, 6, 100.—Ellipt.: interfecti aliqui sunt;

finge a nobis,

assume, grant, Liv. 39, 37, 11:

fingamus Alexandrum dari nobis,

Quint. 1, 1, 24:

non omnia corpora fingunt in medium niti,

Lucr. 1, 1083; cf. id. 2, 175:

qui naufragus fingitur se suspendisse,

Quint. 8, 5, 22:

qui suos artus morsu lacerasset, fingitur in scholis supra se cubasse,

id. 8, 2, 20.—

Pregn., with the access. notion of creating by thinking, to contrive, devise, invent, feign something (esp. untrue):

argento comparando fingere fallaciam,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 2; 4:

fallacias,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 22:

fallaciam,

id. And. 1, 3, 15; cf.: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? id. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

fingit causas, ne det, sedulo,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 58:

falsas causas ad discordiam,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

si mihi aliquam (rem publicam), ut apud Platonem Socrates, ipse finxero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 11:

ex eventis fingere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:

(crimina) in istum fingere,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 15:

ea quae sunt in usu vitaque communi, non ea, quae finguntur aut optantur,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

in faciem moresque meos nova crimina fingis,

Ov. H. 12, 177:

fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere Qui nequit,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere,

id. Ep. 1, 15, 30:

finguntur et testamenta,

Quint. 7, 4, 39:

nemo dolorem fingit in hoc casu,

Juv. 13, 132: qui sub obtentu monituum deorum scientes eos fingunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 6. —With double acc.:

bonois se ac liberales,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17, 3.—With inf.:

ignorare fingit,

Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 306.—Hence, fic-tus, a, um, P. a., feigned, fictitious, false:

in amicitia nihil fictum est, nihil simulatum,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; cf. id. ib. 18, 65:

ficto officio et simulata sedultiate conjunctus,

id. Caecin. 5, 14:

in re ficta (opp. in vera),

id. Lael. 7, 24:

falsum est id totum neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

commenticii et ficti dii,

id. N. D. 2, 28, 70:

fabula,

id. Off. 3, 9, 39:

in rebus fictis et adumbratis,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

amor,

Lucr. 4, 1192:

gemitus,

Ov. M. 6, 565:

cunctatio,

Tac. A. 1, 46:

ficto pectore fatur,

Verg. A. 2, 107.— Poet. and in post-Aug. prose also, of persons:

pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

dissembling, false, Hor. S. 1, 3, 62:

alii fictum (eum), ingratum, immemorem loquuntur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 3;

but: ficta pellice plorat,

imaginary, Juv. 6, 272.— Poet., subst.: fictum, i, n., deception, fiction:

ficti pravique tenax,

Verg. A. 4, 188:

jam consumpserat omnem Materiam ficti,

Ov. M. 9, 767.—Adverb.:

fictumque in colla minatus, Crura subit,

Stat. Th. 6, 876.— Adv.: ficte, feignedly, fictitiously:

ficte et simulate quaestus causa insusurrare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13:

ficte reconciliata gratia,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 4.

fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. dih-, dēhmi, smear; Gr. thig, thinganô, touch; whence figulus, figura, etc.; prop., to handle].

Lit.

To touch, handle, stroke, touch gently (rare):

mulcere alternos, et corpora fingere lingua,

Verg. A. 8, 634:

saepe manus aegras manibus fingebat amicis,

Ov. F. 5, 409.—

Esp., to form, shape, fashion, frame, make (class.), whence also figulus:

esse aliquam vim, quae finxerit, vel, ut tuo verbo utar, quae fabricata sit hominem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 87; cf.:

ab aliquo deo ficti esse videantur,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

fingere et construere nidos,

build, id. ib. 2, 6, 23:

favos,

id. Off. 1, 44, 157:

ut illa bestia fetum ederet informem, lambendo postgea fingeret, etc.,

Gell. 17, 10, 3.—

In partic.

Of the plastic art, to form or fashion by art (in wax, clay, stone, etc.), to mould or model, as a statuary:

quorum alterum fingere opinor e cera solitum esse, alterum esse pictorem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 30; cf.:

in ceris aut fictilibus figuris,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 71:

similitudines ex argilla,

Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151; cf.

, sarcastically: hic homullus, ex argilla et luto fictus Epicurus,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

pocula de humo,

Ov. Tr. 2, 489:

Alexander ab Apelle potissimum pingi et a Lysippo fingi volebat... qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf.:

fingendi ars,

of making statues, statuary, id. de Or. 3, 7, 26:

corpora fingendo pingendove efficere,

Quint. 5, 12, 21.—

With the access. notion of arranging, adorning, etc., to set to rights, arrange; to adorn, dress, trim ( poet. syn.:

componere, excolere, ornare): Bene cum lauta est (mulier), tersa, ornata, ficta est: infecta est tamen,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 4:

cum se non finxerit ulli,

Ov. R. Am. 341:

isti ficti, compositi, crispi cincinni,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

canas fingere comas,

Tib. 1, 2, 92:

comas presso pollice,

Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 306; Mart. 6, 57; cf.:

comas auro,

Stat. Th. 5, 228:

crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 148; cf. also Phaedr. 2, 2, 9:

vitem putando,

Verg. G. 2, 407 Forbig.—

With the access. notion of untruth, to alter, change, for the purpose of dissembling:

hi neque vultum fingere, neque interdum lacrimas tenere poterant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:

vultus quoque hominum fingit scelus,

i. e. makes men change countenance, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 14.

Trop.

In gen., to form, fashion, make: Ly. multa eveniunt homini quae [p. 751] volt, quae nevolt. Ph. Mentire, gnate, nam sapiens quidem pol ipsus fingit fortunam sibi, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 84; cf.

the vv. foll.: natura fingit homines et creat imitatores et narratores facetos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 219:

animos fingere, formare,

id. Brut. 38, 142: cf.:

moderari et fingere mentem ac voluntates,

id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:

ea quae nobis non possumus fingere, vultus, facies, sonus,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: formam totius rei publicae velim mittas, ex qua me fingere possim, regulate myself, i. e. proceed, act, id. Att. 6, 3, 4; cf.:

ad eorum (qui audiunt) arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt et accommodant,

id. Or. 8, 24:

ea (verba) nos sicut mollissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formamus et fingimus,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.

also: arbitrio fingere,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

fortuna humana fingit artatque ut lubet,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 54; cf.:

vitam subito flecti fingique posse,

shaped, directed, Cic. Sull. 28, 79; cf. id. ib. 25, 69:

jure erat semper idem voltus, cum mentis, a qua is fingitur, nulla fieret mutatio,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:

circumspexit amictus et finxit vultum,

composed, Ov. M. 4, 318:

lingua vocem immoderate profusam fingit et terminat,

forms, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

Peripateticorum institutis commodius fingeretur oratio,

id. Brut. 31, 119: ego apis Matinae more modoque operosa parvus carmina fingo (like the Gr. plattô), make, compose, Hor. C. 4, 2, 32:

carmina,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331; 240:

versus,

id. ib. 382:

poëmata,

Suet. Tit. 3:

opprobria in quemvis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30.—

In partic.

With a double predicate, to form, make into something or in a certain manner:

finxit te ipsa natura ad honestatem, gravitatem... ad omnes denique virtutes magnum hominem et excelsum,

Cic. Mur. 29, 60:

nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget,

Verg. A. 2, 79:

(illum) spissae nemorum comae Fingent Aeolio carmine nobilem,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 12:

di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli Finxerunt animi,

id. S. 1, 4, 18: timui, mea me finxisse minora putarer Dissimulator opis propriae, to have lessened, i. e. purposely disparaged it, id. Ep. 1, 9, 8.—

To form by instruction, to instruct, teach, train:

idem mire finxit filium,

i. e. caused him to play his part, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 25; cf.:

voce paterna Fingeris ad rectum,

Hor. A. P. 367:

fingitur artibus,

id. C. 3, 6, 22:

fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire viam, qua monstret eques,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 64.—

To form mentally or in speech, to represent in thought, to imagine, conceive, think, suppose; to sketch out:

fingite animis... fingite cogitatione imaginem hujus condicionis meae, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 29, 79; cf.:

omnia quae cogitatione nobismet ipsi possumus fingere,

id. N. D. 3, 18, 47:

fingere animo,

id. de Sen. 12, 41: cf.

also: animo et cogitatione,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

ex sua natura ceteros,

to conceive of, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

quid magis exercitum dici aut fingi potest?

id. Mil. 2, 5:

maleficium,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

tu, stulta, deos, tu fingis inania vera,

Prop. 3, 20 (4, 19), 5:

qui utilitatum causa fingunt amicitias,

suppose, Cic. Lael. 14, 51:

principatum sibi ipse opinionis errore finxerat,

had imagined to himself, id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in summo oratore fingendo,

in representing, sketching out, id. Or. 2, 7:

finge tamen te improbulum,

Juv. 5, 72.—

With double acc.:

quod si qui me astutiorem fingit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6:

Tiresiam sapientem fingunt poetae... at vero Polyphemum Homerus immanem finxit,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—

With an object-clause, and in pass., with a subject-clause:

finge, aliquem nunc fierisapientem, nondum esse,

suppose, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:

finge solum natum nothum,

Quint. 3, 6, 100.—Ellipt.: interfecti aliqui sunt;

finge a nobis,

assume, grant, Liv. 39, 37, 11:

fingamus Alexandrum dari nobis,

Quint. 1, 1, 24:

non omnia corpora fingunt in medium niti,

Lucr. 1, 1083; cf. id. 2, 175:

qui naufragus fingitur se suspendisse,

Quint. 8, 5, 22:

qui suos artus morsu lacerasset, fingitur in scholis supra se cubasse,

id. 8, 2, 20.—

Pregn., with the access. notion of creating by thinking, to contrive, devise, invent, feign something (esp. untrue):

argento comparando fingere fallaciam,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 2; 4:

fallacias,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 22:

fallaciam,

id. And. 1, 3, 15; cf.: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? id. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

fingit causas, ne det, sedulo,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 58:

falsas causas ad discordiam,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

si mihi aliquam (rem publicam), ut apud Platonem Socrates, ipse finxero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 11:

ex eventis fingere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:

(crimina) in istum fingere,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 15:

ea quae sunt in usu vitaque communi, non ea, quae finguntur aut optantur,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

in faciem moresque meos nova crimina fingis,

Ov. H. 12, 177:

fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere Qui nequit,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere,

id. Ep. 1, 15, 30:

finguntur et testamenta,

Quint. 7, 4, 39:

nemo dolorem fingit in hoc casu,

Juv. 13, 132: qui sub obtentu monituum deorum scientes eos fingunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 6. —With double acc.:

bonois se ac liberales,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17, 3.—With inf.:

ignorare fingit,

Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 306.—Hence, fic-tus, a, um, P. a., feigned, fictitious, false:

in amicitia nihil fictum est, nihil simulatum,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26; cf. id. ib. 18, 65:

ficto officio et simulata sedultiate conjunctus,

id. Caecin. 5, 14:

in re ficta (opp. in vera),

id. Lael. 7, 24:

falsum est id totum neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,

id. Rep. 2, 15:

commenticii et ficti dii,

id. N. D. 2, 28, 70:

fabula,

id. Off. 3, 9, 39:

in rebus fictis et adumbratis,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

amor,

Lucr. 4, 1192:

gemitus,

Ov. M. 6, 565:

cunctatio,

Tac. A. 1, 46:

ficto pectore fatur,

Verg. A. 2, 107.— Poet. and in post-Aug. prose also, of persons:

pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

dissembling, false, Hor. S. 1, 3, 62:

alii fictum (eum), ingratum, immemorem loquuntur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 3;

but: ficta pellice plorat,

imaginary, Juv. 6, 272.— Poet., subst.: fictum, i, n., deception, fiction:

ficti pravique tenax,

Verg. A. 4, 188:

jam consumpserat omnem Materiam ficti,

Ov. M. 9, 767.—Adverb.:

fictumque in colla minatus, Crura subit,

Stat. Th. 6, 876.— Adv.: ficte, feignedly, fictitiously:

ficte et simulate quaestus causa insusurrare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13:

ficte reconciliata gratia,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 4.

irrumpo ( inr-), rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. n. and a. [in-rumpo], to break, burst, or rush in or into.

Lit.

With advv. or prepp.:

cesso huc intro inrumpere?

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 26:

nec inrumpo, quo non licet ire,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 23:

quocunque,

id. Tr. 2, 305:

qua irrumpens oceanus, etc.,

Plin. 3 prooem. §

3: in castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 50; Caes. B. G. 4, 14; 6, 36:

in eam partem hostium,

id. ib. 5, 43:

in medios hostes,

id. ib. 7, 50:

in castellum,

id. B. C. 3, 67:

cum telis ad aliquem,

Sall. C. 50, 2:

ad regem,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 3, 26:

mare in aversa Asiae,

Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:

intra tecta,

Sen. Oct. 732:

tellurem irrumpentem in sidera,

Sil. 15, 167: se in curiam, Varr. ap. Non. 263, 21:

irrumpentis in curiam turbae,

Suet. Calig. 14:

in Macedoniam,

Just. 24, 6, 1:

vacuos in agros,

Luc. 2, 441.—

With acc.:

quin oppidum irrumperent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 13. 4:

domum alicujus,

id. ib. 3, 111, 1:

portam,

Sall. J. 58, 1; 25, 9:

castra,

Just. 2, 11, 15:

interiora domus irrumpit limina,

Verg. A. 4, 645:

moenia Romae,

Sil. 13, 79:

stationes hostium,

Tac. H. 3, 9:

Italiam,

id. ib. 4, 13:

Karthaginem,

Plin. 35, 4, 7, § 23:

cubiculum,

Suet. Claud. 37:

triclinium,

id. Vesp. 5:

vacuam arcem,

Sil. 2, 692.—

With dat.:

thalamo,

Verg. A. 6, 528:

templo,

Sil. 2, 378:

trepidis,

id. 9, 365:

sacris muris,

id. 10, 368:

tectis,

id. 13, 176.—

Absol.:

cum irrumpere nostri conarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67:

ad primum gemitum,

upon the first groan, Suet. Oth. 11:

dixit et irrupit,

Ov. F. 6, 453:

cognoscit hostes pluribus agminibus inrupturos,

Tac. Agr. 25.—

Trop., to break or rush in or upon; to intrude upon, invade, attack, interrupt:

quo modo in Academiam irruperit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 136:

imagines in animos per corpus irrumpunt,

id. ib. 2, 40, 125:

in alicujus patrimonium,

id. de Or. 3, 27, 108:

luxuries in domum irrupit,

id. ib. 3, 42, 168:

in nostrum fletum,

id. Lig. 5, 13:

calamitates, quae ad me irruperunt,

Sen. Ep. 117:

irrumpet adulatio,

Tac. H. 1, 15: grammatici ad prosopopoeias usque... irrumpunt, venture upon, i. e. presume to teach, Quint. 2, 1, 2:

Deos,

i. e. boldly inquire the will of the gods, Stat. Achill. 1, 508:

Phoebe, hanc dignare irrumpere mentem,

to enter, inspire, id. Th. 10, 341:

animos populi,

Luc. 1, 470; 5, 167:

extremique fragor convexa irrupit Olympi,

id. 7, 478.—

To break, violate:

foedus,

Lact. 1, 18, 17; Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 25:

institutum, Lact. de Ira Dei, 14, 6: legem,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 20:

pacem,

Cassiod. Var. 5, 43.

instĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum (institivi, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 2), 3, v. a. [in-statuo].

To put or place into, to plant, fix, set (cf.: instruo, informo;

class.): vestigia nuda sinistri Instituere pedis,

Verg. A. 7, 690.— Trop.: argumenta in pectus multa institui, I have put, i. e. formed in my heart, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 2: quemquamne hominem in animum instituere, aut parare, i. e. to set his heart on (al. in animo), Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 13.—

To set up, erect, plant, establish, arrange:

vestigia,

Lucr. 4, 474:

arborem,

Suet. Galb. 1:

pratum,

Col. 2, 18, 3:

jugera tercenta, ubi institui vineae possunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

portorium vini,

to lay on, impose, id. Font. 5:

instituit officinam Syracusis in regia maximam,

founded, erected, id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:

mercatum,

id. Phil. 3, 12:

codicem et conscribere,

id. Rosc. Com. 2:

bibliothecam,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 10. —

In gen., to make, fabricate, construct:

magnus muralium pilorum numerus instituitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39:

naves,

to build, id. ib. 5, 11:

pontem,

to construct, id. ib. 4, 18:

turres,

id. ib. 5, 52:

amphora coepit institui,

Hor. A. P. 22:

convivia,

Suet. Tit. 7:

longiorem sermonem,

to hold, Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

delectum,

id. B. C. 1, 16:

remiges ex provincia,

to obtain, procure, id. B. G. 3, 9.—

To prepare, furnish, provide (viands, food, a feast, etc.):

dapes,

Verg. A. 7, 109:

convivium,

Just. 12, 13, 6:

convivia jucunda,

Suet. Tit. 7.—

Trop.

To institute, found, establish, organize, set up (of institutions, governments, etc.); cf.:

ibi regnum magnum institutum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 30:

quo in magistratu non institutum est a me regnum, sed repressum,

Cic. Sull. 7, 21: so,

magistratum,

id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

de civitatibus instituendis littera,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

civitatis formam,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

is id regnum cum fratribus suis instituit,

Lact. 1, 13, 14:

ab instituta gente,

Amm. 17, 13, 27:

collegium figulorum,

Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 159:

aerarium militare,

Suet. Aug. 49:

stipendia,

id. Claud. 5.—So of holidays, games, etc.:

ferias diesque festos,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284:

Saturnalia institutus festus dies,

Liv. 2, 21, 2:

sacros ludos,

Ov. M. 1, 446.—

To institute, appoint one, esp. as heir or to an office:

qui me cum tutorem, tum etiam secundum heredem instituerit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 61:

Populum Romanum tutorem,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

magistratum,

id. Att. 6, 1; Suet. Caes. 83; id. Vitel. 6; id. Claud. 1; Just. 7, 2, 5; Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 9.—

With ut, to ordain that: Arcesilas instituit, ut ii, qui, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 2:

ut fierent quaestores),

Liv. 4, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58.—With the simple subj.:

instituit, quotannis subsortitio a praetore fieret,

Suet. Caes. 41.—

To take upon one ' s self, to undertake:

ubi cenas hodie, si hanc rationem instituis?

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26:

cum Zenone Arcesilas sibi omne certamen instituit,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12.—

To undertake, begin, commence:

id negotium institutum est,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 103:

si diligentiam, quam instituisti, adhibueris,

id. ib. 16, 20:

perge tenere istam viam, quam instituisti,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 14:

ad hunc ipsum quaedam institui,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

historia nec institui potest sine, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 9:

iter,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5.— With inf.:

ut primum Velia navigare coepi, institui Topica conscribere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19 init.:

flagitare,

id. ib. 10, 16, 1:

si quae non nupta mulier virorum alienissimorum conviviis uti instituerit,

begun, made it a practice, id. Cael. 20, 49:

recitare omnia,

Suet. Aug. 84. —

Of troops, to draw up, arrange:

tu actionem instituis, ille aciem instruit,

Cic. Mur. 9:

quartae aciei quam instituerat, signum dedit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 93, 5.—

To provide, procure:

quaestum,

Cic. Quint. 3:

aliquos sibi amicos,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 21:

animum ad cogitandum,

apply, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 10. —

To purpose, determine, resolve upon:

in praesentia (Caesar) similem rationem operis instituit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 42, 1. —With inf.:

senex scribere historias instituit,

Nep. Cat. 3:

quaerere tempus ejus interficiendi,

id. Alcib. 5:

montanos oppugnare,

Liv. 28, 46:

habere secum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13, 1:

coronas ad ipsum mittere,

Suet. Ner. 22.— With object-clause:

frumentum plebi dari,

Vell. 2, 6, 3.—

To order, govern, administer, regulate:

sapienter vitam instituit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 40:

libri de civitatibus instituendis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

mores,

Quint. 1, 2, 2:

familiam,

id. 10, 3, 9.—

To teach, instruct, train up, educate:

sic tu instituis adulescentes?

Cic. Cael. 17, 39: oratorem, Quint.1, 1, 21.—With inf.:

Latine loqui,

Col. 1, 1, 12:

Pan primus calamos cerā conjungere plures Instituit,

Verg. E. 2, 32; 5, 30; id. G. 1, 148:

amphora fumum bibere instituta Consule Tullo,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 11:

cum tibiis canere voce instituit,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204.—With abl.:

aliquem disciplinis Graecis,

Quint. 1, 1, 12:

lyrā,

id. 1, 10, 13:

disciplina Romana,

Suet. Caes. 24.—With ad:

aliquem ad dicendum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

aliquem artibus et moribus,

Juv. 14, 74:

filios instituere atque erudire ad majorum instituta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; § 161:

ad lectionem,

Quint. 1, 7, 17.— With ut or ne and subj.:

quem tu a puero sic instituisses, ut nobili ne gladiatori quidem faveret,

Cic. Quint. 21, 69:

pueros, ut, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 44; id. Aug. 64:

nos, ne quem coleremus, etc.,

Sall. J. 14, 18.—Of animals:

boves,

Col. 6, 2, 8 al.

in-strŭo, xi ( perf. sync. instruxti, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 34), ctum, 3, v. a., to build in or into; to build,, erect, construct (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

contabulationem in parietes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

tubulos in earum (cloacarum) parietibus,

Vitr. 5, 9, 7:

muros,

Nep. Them. 6:

aggerem,

Tac. H. 2, 22.—

In partic.

To set in order, draw up in battle array:

legiones,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:

aciem,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; id. Phil. 4, 5, 11:

contra copias praesidia vestrosque exercitus,

id. Cat. 2, 11 init.—Absol.:

ad instruendum spatium,

Liv. 9, 37, 3; 10, 19, 15; 24, 48, 11:

insidias in loco aliquo,

to lay an ambush, id. Clu. 66, 190; cf.:

quem insidiis instruendis locum?

Liv. 6, 23, 6:

acies circa vallum,

id. 3, 22, 5:

ad hunc modum aciem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 88:

postremo in plures ordines,

Liv. 8, 8, 4:

naves,

Just. 5, 4, 1.—

To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, to equip, fit out (with necessaries):

domum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

instruere et parare convivium omnibus rebus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §

62: mensas,

Verg. A. 3, 231; Ov. M. 8, 571:

agrum,

to stock, furnish, Liv. 6, 5, 5:

hortos,

Col. 11, 2, 25; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:

frumento et stipendio victorem,

Just. 6, 6:

et dotare filiam,

Suet. Vesp. 14:

mulieri aurum atque ornamenta,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 35:

instruit focum provincia,

Juv. 5, 97:

socios simul instruit armis,

Verg. A. 8, 80:

concubinas securibus peltisque,

Suet. Ner. 44:

Xerxes bellum per quinquennium instruxit,

Just. 2, 10, 12; 8, 5, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., to procure, provide for, prepare for, furnish:

accusationem,

Cic. Clu. 6:

causam,

Plin. Ep. 10, 85:

in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus,

in arranging, Cic. Brut. 59, 216: se, to furnish, prepare one ' s self:

ad judicium nondum se satis instruxerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 19:

neque spatium erat instruendi bellum,

Just. 8, 5, 2. —

In partic., to provide with information, to teach, instruct:

(oratores) parum his artibus instructos vidimus,

Cic. Brut. 59, 214:

judicem notitiā rerum,

Quint. 4, 2, 24:

juvenes salubribus praeceptis,

Petr. 140: aliquem scientiā alicujus rei, Quint. prooem. § 23; cf. id. 1, 10, 5; 2, 4, 20; 2, 5, 1 al.— Absol., Just. praef. 4 (but in Cic. Cael. 30, 72, the true reading is instituimur).—

To plan, devise:

magnas res hic agito in mentem instruere,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 31:

instruendae fraudi intentior,

Liv. 23, 35, 14: insidias [p. 971] mihi, Cat. 18 (21), 7.—Hence, instructus, a, um, P. a., ordered, drawn up; furnished, provided with any thing.

Lit.:

exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut, etc.,

Liv. 4, 18:

acies,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

domicilia rebus iis omnibus, quibus, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

instructa et exornata domus,

provided with necessaries, id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 84:

instructae ornataeque naves,

id. ib. 2, 5, 51, §

133: instructae atque ornatae omnibus rebus copiae,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 8:

omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27.—

Trop.

Arranged, prepared; instructed:

jam instructa sunt mihi in corde consilia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:

res satis scite instructae et compositae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,

id. Or. 5:

ad mortem contemnendam,

id. Fin. 2, 17:

ad dicendum instructissimus,

id. de Or. 3, 8.—

Instructed, versed in:

in jure civili,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249:

omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

a jure civili, ab historia instructior (v. ab),

id. Brut. 43.—

In a bad sense: accusatores instructi et subornati,

prepared, instructed, Cic. Vatin. 1, 3:

vitiis instructior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25.— Adv.: instructē, with great preparation; only comp.:

ludos opulentius instructius facere,

Liv. 1, 35, 7:

instructius accusare,

App. Mag. 34, p. 296.

irrumpo ( inr-), rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. n. and a. [in-rumpo], to break, burst, or rush in or into.

Lit.

With advv. or prepp.:

cesso huc intro inrumpere?

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 26:

nec inrumpo, quo non licet ire,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 23:

quocunque,

id. Tr. 2, 305:

qua irrumpens oceanus, etc.,

Plin. 3 prooem. §

3: in castra,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 50; Caes. B. G. 4, 14; 6, 36:

in eam partem hostium,

id. ib. 5, 43:

in medios hostes,

id. ib. 7, 50:

in castellum,

id. B. C. 3, 67:

cum telis ad aliquem,

Sall. C. 50, 2:

ad regem,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 3, 26:

mare in aversa Asiae,

Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:

intra tecta,

Sen. Oct. 732:

tellurem irrumpentem in sidera,

Sil. 15, 167: se in curiam, Varr. ap. Non. 263, 21:

irrumpentis in curiam turbae,

Suet. Calig. 14:

in Macedoniam,

Just. 24, 6, 1:

vacuos in agros,

Luc. 2, 441.—

With acc.:

quin oppidum irrumperent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 13. 4:

domum alicujus,

id. ib. 3, 111, 1:

portam,

Sall. J. 58, 1; 25, 9:

castra,

Just. 2, 11, 15:

interiora domus irrumpit limina,

Verg. A. 4, 645:

moenia Romae,

Sil. 13, 79:

stationes hostium,

Tac. H. 3, 9:

Italiam,

id. ib. 4, 13:

Karthaginem,

Plin. 35, 4, 7, § 23:

cubiculum,

Suet. Claud. 37:

triclinium,

id. Vesp. 5:

vacuam arcem,

Sil. 2, 692.—

With dat.:

thalamo,

Verg. A. 6, 528:

templo,

Sil. 2, 378:

trepidis,

id. 9, 365:

sacris muris,

id. 10, 368:

tectis,

id. 13, 176.—

Absol.:

cum irrumpere nostri conarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 67:

ad primum gemitum,

upon the first groan, Suet. Oth. 11:

dixit et irrupit,

Ov. F. 6, 453:

cognoscit hostes pluribus agminibus inrupturos,

Tac. Agr. 25.—

Trop., to break or rush in or upon; to intrude upon, invade, attack, interrupt:

quo modo in Academiam irruperit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 136:

imagines in animos per corpus irrumpunt,

id. ib. 2, 40, 125:

in alicujus patrimonium,

id. de Or. 3, 27, 108:

luxuries in domum irrupit,

id. ib. 3, 42, 168:

in nostrum fletum,

id. Lig. 5, 13:

calamitates, quae ad me irruperunt,

Sen. Ep. 117:

irrumpet adulatio,

Tac. H. 1, 15: grammatici ad prosopopoeias usque... irrumpunt, venture upon, i. e. presume to teach, Quint. 2, 1, 2:

Deos,

i. e. boldly inquire the will of the gods, Stat. Achill. 1, 508:

Phoebe, hanc dignare irrumpere mentem,

to enter, inspire, id. Th. 10, 341:

animos populi,

Luc. 1, 470; 5, 167:

extremique fragor convexa irrupit Olympi,

id. 7, 478.—

To break, violate:

foedus,

Lact. 1, 18, 17; Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 25:

institutum, Lact. de Ira Dei, 14, 6: legem,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 20:

pacem,

Cassiod. Var. 5, 43.

largĭor, ītus, 4 (ante-class. and poet.; collat. form of the imperf. largibar, Prop. 1, 3, 25; fut. largibere, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; inf. largirier, id. As. 5, 2, 82.— Act. collat. form, v. fin.), v. dep. [1. largus], to give bountifully, to lavish, bestow, dispense, distribute, impart (class.; cf.: dono, suppedito).

Lit.

In gen.:

amico homini mea ex crumena largiar,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 13:

ex ea (dote) largiri te illi,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 14:

cenam esurientibus,

id. Am. 1, 1, 155:

qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43; cf.:

ex alieno,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 8; id. Rosc. Com. 10:

agros emeritis,

Tac. A. 1, 28:

largitur in servos quantum aderat pecuniae,

id. ib. 16, 11:

facile largiri de alieno,

Just. 36, 3, 9.—Of inanimate subjects:

sol universis idem lucis largitur,

Quint. 1, 2, 14: Gallis provinciae propinquitas multa ad copiam atque usus largitur, * Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—

In partic., to give largesses, to bribe:

largiundo et pollicitando magis incendere,

Sall. C. 38; id. J. 13:

exercitum largiendo corrumpere,

Quint. 5, 13, 17:

largiendo de alieno popularem fieri,

Liv. 3, 1: dictis largiri, to bestow in words, i. e. to promise without power to give:

quid nunc acturu's, postquam erili filio largitu's dictis dapsilis lubentias,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 3.—

Trop., to confer, bestow, grant, yield:

Hortensio summam copiam facultatemque dicendi natura largita est,

Cic. Quint. 2, 8:

utrisque fortuna regnum est largita,

id. Har. Resp. 25:

nimium parcus in largienda civitate,

id. Balb. 22, 50:

plusculum amori,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

occasionem clamandi,

Quint. 12, 8, 2:

quidquid solamen humandi est, largior,

Verg. A. 10, 494; so,

alicui occasionem impudentiae,

Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 87:

laetitiam alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 49:

Istoscine patrem aequom morest liberis largirier?

to teach, communicate, id. As. 5, 2, 82:

id largiamur inertiae nostrae,

give up, concede, Cic. de Or. 1, 15, 68: reipublicae injurias. to forgive, Tac. A. 3, 70:

beneficia in vulgus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 2, 1:

totus habenas,

to give, re lax, Sil. 15, 724.—Esp.: se largiri, to bestow one's society, to be free or eager in courtship: nam tu te vilem feceris, si te ultro largiere: sine ultro veniat, quaeritet, etc., [p. 1037] Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 28.—

With foll. ut:

si quis mihi deus largiatur, ut ex hac aetate repuerascam,

would grant, Cic. de Sen. 23, 83.

Act. collat. form, largĭo, īre; act. imp. largi, Att. ap. Non. 470, 26; so, Lucil. ib. —

largītus, a, um, in pass. signif.: Tib. 4, 1, 129.

monstro, āvi, ātum, (archaic mostro; v. Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 61), 1, v. a. [like monstrum, from moneo], to show, point out, to indicate, intimate, inform, advise, teach, instruct, tell any thing (in class. prose very rare, and only in the lit. signif.; in Cic. only a few times; in Cæs. and Sall. not at all; syn.: indico, significo, ostendo, exhibeo).

In gen.: qui erranti comiter monstrat viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. v. 387 Vahl.); cf.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, id. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.):

iter,

Curt. 5, 13, 9:

palmam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

digito,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 26; Pers. 1, 28:

monstra quod bibam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 42; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 31:

tu... si quid librari... non intellegent, monstrabis, i. e. dices,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1:

res gestae... Quo scribi possent numero, monstravit Homerus,

Hor. A. P. 73:

inulas ego primus amaras Monstravi incoquere,

id. S. 2, 8, 51 sq.:

monstrate mearum Vidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum,

Verg. A. 1, 321:

cujus prudentia monstrat Summos posse viros... nasci, etc.,

Juv. 10, 48.— Pass.:

quod monstror digito praetereuntium,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 22.— Impers. pass.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.).—

In partic.

To ordain, institute, appoint ( poet.):

monstratas excitat aras,

appointed, Verg. G. 4, 549:

piacula,

id. A. 4, 636:

ignis,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 53.—

To indict, impeach for a crime, to denounce, accuse, inform against (post-Aug.):

alii ab amicis monstrabantur,

were pointed out, informed against, Tac. H. 4, 1:

Nerone Scribonios fratres... ad exitium,

id. ib. 4, 41.—

To advise a person in any manner, or to do any thing:

alicui bene,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 25:

non periclumst ne quid recte monstres,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat,

advise, urge, Verg. A. 9, 44.—Hence, monstrātus, a, um, P. a., conspicuous, distinguished, remarkable (Tacitean):

et hostibus simul suisque monstrati,

Tac. G. 31:

propinquitate Galbae monstratus,

id. H. 1, 88.

prae-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio], to take or seize beforehand, to get or receive in advance (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: anticipo, praeoccupo).

Lit.

In gen., Lucr. 6, 1050:

nisi aquam praecepimus ante,

id. 6, 804:

a publicanis pecuniam insequentis anni mutuam praeceperat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

aliquantum viae,

to get the start somewhat, Liv. 36, 19:

longius spatium fugā,

id. 22, 41 fin.:

iter,

id. 3, 46:

Piraeeum quinqueremibus,

to preoccupy, id. 32, 16, 5: mons a Lusitanis praeceptus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 3:

si lac praeceperit aestus,

i. e. have previously dried up, Verg. E. 3, 98.—

In partic., in jurid. lang, to receive (esp. an inheritance or bequest) in advance, Plin. Ep. 5, 7, 4:

si heres centum praecipere jussus sit,

Dig. 30, 122; so ib. 36, 1, 63:

quantitatem dotis,

ib. 17, 2, 81:

dotem,

ib. 10, 2, 46:

per praeceptionem hoc modo legamus: Lucius Titius hominem Stichum praecipito,

Gai. Inst. 2, 216. —

Trop.

In gen., to take or obtain in advance, to anticipate:

aliquantum ad fugam temporis Syphax et Hasdrubal praeceperunt,

gained some advantage in time, Liv. 30, 8 fin.:

tempus,

id. 1, 7:

celeres neu praecipe Parcas,

do not hasten in advance of, do not anticipate, Stat. Th. 8, 328; so,

veneno fata praecepit,

Flor. 3, 9, 4: praecipio gaudia suppliciorum vestrorum, I rejoice in advance, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 51; cf. Liv. 45, 1, 1:

jam animo victoriam praecipiebant,

figured to themselves beforehand, Caes. B. C. 3, 87 fin.; Liv. 10, 26:

spe jam praecipit hostem,

Verg. A. 11, 491: praecipere cogitatione futura, to conjecture or imagine beforehand, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 81:

omnia,

Verg. A. 6, 105; cf.:

haec usu ventura opinione praeceperat,

had already suspected, Caes. B. G. 7, 9:

sed alterum mihi est certius, nec praecipiam tamen,

Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2.—

In partic., to give rules or precepts to any one, to advise, admonish, warn, inform, instruct, teach; to enjoin, direct, bid, order, etc. (syn.:

mando, impero, doceo): vilici officia, quae dominus praecepit,

Cato, R. R. 142:

Philocomasio id praecipiendum est, ut sciat,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 92:

quoi numquam unam rem me licet semel praecipere,

id. As. 2, 4, 15:

quae ego tibi praecipio, ea facito,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 17:

docui, monui, bene praecepi semper quae potui omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6:

quicquid praecipies, esto brevis,

Hor. A. P. 335:

de eloquentiā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 48:

de agriculturā,

Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 201:

alicui aliquid praecipere,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4: glossemata nobis, Asin. Gall. ap. Suet. Gram. 22:

numerumque modumque carinis Praecipiant,

Verg. A. 11, 329:

cantus lugubres,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

artem nandi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 486:

humanitatem,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2, etc.:

mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus aequos Praecipit,

enjoins, recommends, Juv. 14, 16.—With inf.:

justitia praecipit, parcere omnibus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21; so,

paeoniam praecipiunt eruere noctu,

Plin. 25, 4, 10, § 29:

codicillos aperiri testator praecepit,

Dig. 31, 1, 89.—With ut:

illud potius praecipiendum fuit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 16, 60:

recte etiam praecipi potest in amicitiis, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 20, 75:

consulentibus Pythia praecepit, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 1, 3.—With subj. alone:

praecipit atque interdicit, omnes unum peterent Indutiomarum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

his praecepit, omnes mortales pecuniā aggrediantur,

Sall. J. 28, 1.—With acc. and inf.:

etiam scelere convictos nonnisi ad opus damnari praeceperat,

Suet. Ner. 31:

D. Claudius edicto praecepit,

decreed, commanded, Dig. 48, 10, 15. —As subst.: praecĭpĭens, entis, m., a teacher, Cic. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

jam prope consummata fuerit praecipientis opera,

Quint. 2, 6, 6:

in numero praecipientium,

id. 2, 3, 5.—Hence, praeceptum, i, n. (acc. to II. B.), a maxim, rule, precept; an order, direction, command, bidding; an injunction, etc. (class.):

quo praecepto ab iis diligentissime observato,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35:

sine praecepto ullius suā sponte struebatur acies,

Liv. 9, 31:

transvectae praecepto ducis alae,

Tac. Agr. 37:

hoc praeceptum patet latius,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; cf.:

hoc praeceptum officii diligenter tenendum est,

id. Off. 2, 14, 51.—In plur.:

tuis monitig praeceptisque,

Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:

in quam (partem) praecepta nobis danda sunt,

id. Inv. 2, 17, 53; 2, 34, 105:

abundare praeceptis philosophiae,

id. Off. 1, 1, 1:

dare praecepta dicendi,

id. Brut. 76, 273; cf.

studiosis dicendi praecepta tradere,

id. Or. 41, 141:

deūm praecepta secuti,

orders, commands, Verg. G. 4, 448:

sine vi non ulla dabit (Nereus) praecepta,

id. ib. 4, 398.

prōmulgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [etym. unknown], in publicist's lang.,

Lit., to expose to public view (as a proposed new law, etc.), to make known, publish, promulgate (cf.: edico, pronuntio): promulgari leges dicuntur, cum primum in vulgus eduntur, quasi provulgari, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:

leges cum quae latae sunt, tum quae promulgatae fuerunt,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55:

legem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 1:

leges,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; 2, 42, 109; 5, 3, 7; Liv. 3, 9; Vulg. Num. 36, 6:

rogationem,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2; id. Sest. 10, 25; Sall. J. 40, 1:

res multos dies promulgata et cognita,

Cic. Fl. 7, 15:

proelia,

id. Mur. 14, 30:

dies fastos,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17.—

Transf., in gen., to make known, to teach (very rare):

majores oculorum medicamentis aconitum misceri saluberrime promulgavere,

Plin. 27, 3, 2, § 9.