-
21 use
I [juːs]1) U (act of using) (of substance, object, machine) uso m., impiego m., utilizzo m.; (of word, language) uso m.for use as, in — da essere utilizzato come, in
for the use of — riservato a [customer, staff]
for use by sb. — a uso di qcn.
to make use of sth. — usare o utilizzare qcs., fare uso di qcs.
to make good use of sth., to put sth. to good use — fare buon uso di qcs.
a word in common o general use una parola d'uso corrente; out of o no longer in use [ machine] (broken) guasto, fuori uso; (because obsolete) non più in uso; [word, expression] che non viene più usato, in disuso; worn with use logorato dall'uso; stained with use sporco per l'uso; this machine came into use in the 1950s questa macchina è stata introdotta negli anni '50; the new system comes into use next year — il nuovo sistema entrerà in uso dal prossimo anno
2) С (way of using) (of resource, object, material) utilizzo m., impiego m.; (of term) uso m.to have no further use for sth., sb. — non avere più bisogno di qcs., qcn.
3) U (right to use)to have the use of — avere l'uso di [house, garden, kitchen]; avere il permesso di usare [ car]
with use of — con uso di [ kitchen]
4) U (usefulness)to be of use — essere utile (to a)
to be (of) no use to sb. — [ object] non essere di nessuna utilità per qcn.; [ person] non essere di nessun aiuto a qcn.
oh, what's the use? — oh, tanto a che serve?
II [juːz]it's no use, we'll have to start — niente da fare, dobbiamo cominciare
1) (employ) usare [object, car, room, money, word]; usare, utilizzare [method, tool, technique]; usare, servirsi di [language, metaphor]; sfruttare [ opportunity]; usare, fare ricorso a [blackmail, force]; usare, sfruttare [knowledge, talent, influence]to use sth., sb. as sth. — servirsi di qcs., qcn. come qcs.
to use sth. for sth., to do — usare qcs. per qcs., per fare
use your head! — colloq. usa la testa!
4) (take habitually) fare uso di [ drugs]5) ant. (treat)to use sb. well, ill — trattare bene, male qcn
•- use up* * *I [ju:z] verb1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!)2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.)•- usable- used
- user
- user-friendly
- user guide
- be used to something
- be used to
- used to II [ju:s]1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.)2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.)3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.)4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.)5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.)•- useful- usefulness
- usefully
- useless
- be in use
- out of use
- come in useful
- have no use for
- it's no use
- make good use of
- make use of
- put to good use
- put to use* * *I [juːs]1) U (act of using) (of substance, object, machine) uso m., impiego m., utilizzo m.; (of word, language) uso m.for use as, in — da essere utilizzato come, in
for the use of — riservato a [customer, staff]
for use by sb. — a uso di qcn.
to make use of sth. — usare o utilizzare qcs., fare uso di qcs.
to make good use of sth., to put sth. to good use — fare buon uso di qcs.
a word in common o general use una parola d'uso corrente; out of o no longer in use [ machine] (broken) guasto, fuori uso; (because obsolete) non più in uso; [word, expression] che non viene più usato, in disuso; worn with use logorato dall'uso; stained with use sporco per l'uso; this machine came into use in the 1950s questa macchina è stata introdotta negli anni '50; the new system comes into use next year — il nuovo sistema entrerà in uso dal prossimo anno
2) С (way of using) (of resource, object, material) utilizzo m., impiego m.; (of term) uso m.to have no further use for sth., sb. — non avere più bisogno di qcs., qcn.
3) U (right to use)to have the use of — avere l'uso di [house, garden, kitchen]; avere il permesso di usare [ car]
with use of — con uso di [ kitchen]
4) U (usefulness)to be of use — essere utile (to a)
to be (of) no use to sb. — [ object] non essere di nessuna utilità per qcn.; [ person] non essere di nessun aiuto a qcn.
oh, what's the use? — oh, tanto a che serve?
II [juːz]it's no use, we'll have to start — niente da fare, dobbiamo cominciare
1) (employ) usare [object, car, room, money, word]; usare, utilizzare [method, tool, technique]; usare, servirsi di [language, metaphor]; sfruttare [ opportunity]; usare, fare ricorso a [blackmail, force]; usare, sfruttare [knowledge, talent, influence]to use sth., sb. as sth. — servirsi di qcs., qcn. come qcs.
to use sth. for sth., to do — usare qcs. per qcs., per fare
use your head! — colloq. usa la testa!
4) (take habitually) fare uso di [ drugs]5) ant. (treat)to use sb. well, ill — trattare bene, male qcn
•- use up -
22 говорить
1) General subject: be declarative of (о чем-л.), breathe (тихо), colloquy, drone, drop a tear over (о чем-л.), gallop, give tongue, have, meander, militate, mince, monotone, parley (на иностранном языке), pay (комплименты), point (о чем-л.), proclaim, proverb, purport, put (to put it simply - попросту говоря), refer (о чем-либо), repute (о ком-л.), run by (кому-либо что-либо с целью услышать чье-либо мнение), run past (кому-либо что-либо с целью услышать чье-либо мнение), say, scoff, scream, singsong, sneer, sob, spake, speak (the baby is learning to speak - ребёнок учится говорить), speak on the substance of the matter under discussion, speak under correction, talk, talk about (о ком-л., чем-л.), tell, tell (кому-л., что-л.), to be declarative of (smth.) (свидетельствовать, о чем-л.), to be on to (smb.) (с кем-л.), have it that..., preach down, talk against time, put words into mouth (smb's), speak about (о ком-л.), speak of (о ком-л., что-л.), discuss (о чём-либо), be on to (с кем-л.)2) Colloquial: jaw (особ. долго и скучно), spit it out, (о чем-л.) ring a bell (Doesn't ring a bell - ни о чем не говорит)3) Obsolete: protest4) Rare: lip6) Religion: message7) Australian slang: yabber8) Jargon: yock, yuk, bubble (I won't bubble.), (что-л.) shoot up, bowler, do a number on, knock, snow (особенно повторять одно и то же), yack, yak, yuck9) Makarov: drop a tear over (smth.) (о чем-л.), go (went, gone), talk of (о чем-л.) -
23 become
past tense - became; verb1) (to come or grow to be: Her coat has become badly torn; She has become even more beautiful.) volverse, ponerse, convertirse2) (to qualify or take a job as: She became a doctor.) hacerse, llegar a ser3) ((with of) to happen to: What became of her son?) ser de4) (to suit: That dress really becomes her.) sentar bien, quedar bien•- becoming- becomingly
become vb1. hacerse / convertirse en / llegar a ser2. hacerse / volverse / ponerseshe became angry se puso furiosa / se enfadótr[bɪ'kʌm]1 (with noun) convertirse en, hacerse, llegar a ser■ to become a doctor/teacher hacerse médico,-a/maestro,-a2 (change into) convertirse en, transformarse en■ to become mad volverse loco,-a, enloquecer■ to become fat ponerse gordo,-a, engordar■ to become angry ponerse enfadado,-a, enfadarse■ to become sad ponerse triste, entristecerse■ to become deaf quedarse sordo,-a, ensordecerse■ to become blind quedarse ciego,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLwhat has become of...? ¿qué ha sido de...?■ what has become of your sister? ¿qué ha sido de tu hermana?: hacerse, volverse, ponersehe became famous: se hizo famosoto become sad: ponerse tristeto become accustomed to: acostumbrarse abecome vt1) befit: ser apropiado para2) suit: favorecer, quedarle bien (a alguien)that dress becomes you: ese vestido te favorecep.p.(Participio pasivo de "to become")v.(§ p.,p.p.: became, become) = convenir v.(§pres: -vengo, -vienes...-venimos) pret: -vin-fut: -vendr-•)• convertirse v.• convertirse en v.• devenir v.(§pres: -vengo, -vienes...-venimos) pret: -vin-fut: -vendr-•)• hacerse v.• llegar a ser v.• ponerse v.• resultar v.• volverse v.bɪ'kʌm
1.
to become arrogant/distant — volverse* arrogante/distante
to become famous — hacerse* famoso
she soon became bored/tired — pronto se aburrió/se cansó
to become a lawyer — hacerse* abogado
2.
vta) ( befit) (frml) (often neg) ser* apropiado parab) ( suit) favorecer*Phrasal Verbs:[bɪ'kʌm] (pt became) (pp become)1. VI1) (=grow to be)to become ill — ponerse enfermo, enfermar
to become old — hacerse or volverse viejo
to become red — ponerse rojo, enrojecerse
it became known that... — se supo que..., llegó a saberse que...
2) (=turn into) convertirse en, transformarse enthe building has become a cinema — el edificio se ha convertido or transformado en cine
2.IMPERS VBwhat has become of him? — ¿qué ha sido de él?
what will become of me? — ¿qué será de mí?
whatever can have become of that book? — ¿dónde estará ese libro?
3.VT (=look nice on) favorecer, sentar bienBECOME, GO, GET The translation of become/go/ get depends on the context and the type of change involved and how it is regarded. Very often there is more than one possible translation, or even a special verb to translate get + ((adjective)) (e.g. get angry - enfadarse), but here are some general hints.
Become {etc} + adjective
► Use pon erse to talk about temporary but normal changes:
I got quite ill Me puse muy malo
He went pale Se puso blanco
You've got very brown Te has puesto muy moreno
He got very angry Se puso furioso ► Use vol verse to refer to sudden, longer-lasting and unpredictable changes, particularly those affecting the mind:
He has become very impatient in the last few years Se ha vuelto muy impaciente estos últimos años
She went mad Se volvió loca ► Use que dar(se) especially when talking about changes that are permanent, involve deterioration and are due to external circumstances. Their onset may or may not be sudden:
He went blind (Se) quedó ciego
Goya went deaf Goya (se) quedó sordo
Q uedar(se) is also used to talk about pregnancy:
She became pregnant (Se) quedó embarazada ► Use hac erse for states resulting from effort or from a gradual, cumulative process:
They became very famous Se hicieron muy famosos
The pain became unbearable El dolor se hizo insoportable ► Use lle gar a ser to suggest reaching a peak:
The heat became stifling El calor llegó a ser agobiante
Become {etc} + noun
► Use hac erse for career goals and religious or political persuasions:
He became a lawyer Se hizo abogado
I became a Catholic in 1990 Me hice católico en 1990
He became a member of the Green Party Se hizo miembro del Partido Verde ► Use lle gar a + ((noun)) and llegar a ser + ((phrase)) for reaching a peak after a period of gradual change. This construction is often used to talk about professional accomplishments:
If you don't make more effort, you'll never get to be a teacher Si no te esfuerzas más, no llegarás a profesor
Castelar became one of the most important politicians of his time Castelar llegó a ser uno de los políticos más importantes de su época
Football became an obsession for him El fútbol llegó a ser una obsesión para él ► Use con vertirse en for long-lasting changes in character, substance and kind which take place gradually:
Those youngsters went on to become delinquents Aquellos jóvenes se convirtieron después en delincuentes
Over the years I have become a more tolerant person Con los años me he convertido en una persona más tolerante
Water turns into steam El agua se convierte en vapor ► Use que dar(se) + ((adjective)) to talk about changes, particularly when they are permanent, for the worse and due to external circumstances. Their onset may or may not be sudden:
She became a widow (Se) quedó viuda ► To translate hav e turned into {or} have become {etc} + ((noun)) in emphatic phrases particularly about people, you can use estar hecho un(a) + ((noun)):
Juan has become a really good pianist Juan está hecho todo un pianista For further uses and examples, see become, go, get, turn* * *[bɪ'kʌm]
1.
to become arrogant/distant — volverse* arrogante/distante
to become famous — hacerse* famoso
she soon became bored/tired — pronto se aburrió/se cansó
to become a lawyer — hacerse* abogado
2.
vta) ( befit) (frml) (often neg) ser* apropiado parab) ( suit) favorecer*Phrasal Verbs: -
24 gas
1. noun, pl. gases1) Gas, dasnatural gas — Erdgas, das
4) (for lighting) Leuchtgas, das2. transitive verb,- ss- mit Gas vergiften3. intransitive verb,* * *[ɡæs] 1. noun1) (a substance like air: Oxygen is a gas.) das Gas2) (any gas which is used for heating, cooking etc.) das Gas3) (a gas which is used by dentists as an anaesthetic.) das Betäubungsgas4) (a poisonous or irritating gas used in war etc: The police used tear gas to control the riot.) das Gas2. verb- academic.ru/30449/gaseous">gaseous- gassy
- gassiness
- gas chamber
- gas mask
- gas meter
- gasoline
- gasolene
- gas station
- gasworks* * *[gæs]I. nnatural \gas Erdgas ntto cut off the \gas das Gas abdrehenpoison \gas Giftgas ntpoison \gas attack Giftgasangriff mto use \gas Giftgas einsetzenhigh-octane \gas Super[benzin] ntleaded/unleaded \gas verbleites/bleifreies Benzinto get \gas tankento be a \gas zum Brüllen [o Schreien] sein famIII. vt<- ss->▪ to \gas sb1. (kill) jdn vergasenIV. vi<- ss->* * *[gs]1. n1) Gas nt2) (US: petrol) Benzin nt3) (= anaesthetic) Lachgas nt7) (inf)2. vtvergasenthey were gassed during their sleep (accidentally) — sie starben im Schlaf an Gasvergiftung
to gas oneself — den Gashahn aufdrehen, sich mit Gas vergiften
3. vi(inf: talk) schwafeln (inf), faseln (inf)* * *gas [ɡæs]A pl -es, -ses s1. CHEM Gas n:all is gas and gaiters alles ist in (bester) Butter umg3. (Brenn-, Leucht) Gas n:turn on (off) the gas das Gas aufdrehen (abdrehen);4. Lachgas n:have gas Lachgas bekommengas attack Gasangriff m6. US umga) Sprit m, Benzin nb) Gaspedal n:step on the gas auf die Tube drücken, Gas geben (beide a. fig);take one’s foot off the gas den Fuß vom Gas nehmen7. umg Blech n, Gewäsch na) (ganz große) Klasse sein (Person), (Sache auch) (unwahrscheinlich) Spaß machen: looking after children is a real gas iron ist das reinste Vergnügenb) zum Schreien sein umgB v/t2. TECH mit Gas behandeln, begasen3. vergasen, mit Gas töten oder vergiften:he was gassed er erlitt eine GasvergiftungC v/i2. umg faseln, quatschen* * *1. noun, pl. gases1) Gas, dasnatural gas — Erdgas, das
cook by or with gas — mit Gas kochen
4) (for lighting) Leuchtgas, das2. transitive verb,- ss- mit Gas vergiften3. intransitive verb,* * *Benzin -e n. (gasoline) pump (US) n.Zapfsäule f. (fuel) n.Treibgas -e n. n.Gas -e n. v.vergasen v. -
25 dirt
də:t
1. noun(any unclean substance, such as mud, dust, dung etc: His shoes are covered in dirt.) suciedad- dirty
2. verb(to make or become dirty: He dirtied his hands/shoes.) ensuciar; ensuciarse- dirt-cheap
- dirt track
dirt n1. suciedad2. tierratr[dɜːt]1 (dirtiness) suciedad nombre femenino; (filth, grime) mugre nombre femenino, roña, porquería; (mud) barro; (dust) polvo2 (earth) tierra3 familiar (excrement) porquería, mierda, caca■ the press managed to get all the dirt on the actor la prensa consiguió sacar a relucir todos los trapos sucios del actor5 familiar (obscene thought, talk) porquerías nombre femenino plural, guarradas nombre femenino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be as common as dirt ser muy ordinario,-ato fling/throw dirt at somebody manchar la reputación de alguiento treat somebody like dirt tratar a alguien como a un perro, tratar a alguien como una zapatilladirt track camino de tierradirt ['dərt] n1) filth: suciedad f, mugre f, porquería f2) soil: tierra fn.• barro s.m.• gorrinería s.f.• horrura s.f.• lodo s.m.• mugre s.f.• porquería s.f.• suciedad s.f.• suelo s.m.• tierra s.f.dɜːrt, dɜːtmass noun1) ( unclean substance) suciedad f, mugre f2)a) ( scandal)to dig up dirt on o about somebody — sacarle* los trapos sucios a relucir or al sol a alguien
b) ( obscenity) (esp BrE colloq) inmundicia f3) (earth, soil) (esp AmE) tierra f[dɜːt]to hit the dirt — (sl) caerse* al suelo; (before n) <road, track> de tierra
1. N1) (=unclean matter) suciedad f ; (=piece of dirt) suciedad f, mugre fto treat sb like dirt * — tratar a algn como si fuese basura, tratar a patadas a algn
- dig up dirt on sb2) (=earth) tierra f ; (=mud) barro m, lodo mthis book is nothing but dirt — este libro está lleno de porquerías or cochinadas *
2.CPDdirt farmer * N — (US) pequeño granjero m (sin obreros)
dirt road N — (US) camino m de tierra
dirt track N — (Sport) pista f de ceniza; (=road) camino m de tierra
* * *[dɜːrt, dɜːt]mass noun1) ( unclean substance) suciedad f, mugre f2)a) ( scandal)to dig up dirt on o about somebody — sacarle* los trapos sucios a relucir or al sol a alguien
b) ( obscenity) (esp BrE colloq) inmundicia f3) (earth, soil) (esp AmE) tierra fto hit the dirt — (sl) caerse* al suelo; (before n) <road, track> de tierra
-
26 tirer
tirer [tiʀe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = amener vers soi) [+ pièce mobile, poignée, corde] to pull ; (vers le bas) to pull down ; (vers le haut) to pull up ; [+ rideaux] to draw ; [+ tiroir] to pull open ; [+ verrou] ( = fermer) to slide to ; ( = ouvrir) to draw• as-tu tiré le verrou ? have you bolted the door?b. ( = remorquer) [+ véhicule, charge] to pull ; [+ navire, remorque] to towc. ( = sortir) [+ épée, couteau, vin, cidre] to draw• il a tiré 4 000 € de sa vieille voiture he managed to get 4,000 euros for his old car• on ne peut rien en tirer (enfant têtu) you can't do anything with him ; (personne qui refuse de parler) you can't get anything out of hime. ( = délivrer) tirer qn de prison/d'une situation dangereuse to get sb out of prison/of a dangerous situationh. (Photography, typography) to print• ce journal est tiré à 100 000 exemplaires this paper has a circulation of 100,000• tirer un roman à 8 000 exemplaires to print 8,000 copies of a noveli. ( = tracer) [+ ligne, trait] to draw ; [+ plan] to draw up• tirer un coup (vulg!) to have it off (vulg!)• tirer un corner/un penalty to take a corner/a penaltyl. [+ chèque, lettre de change] to draw• prête-moi ta carte bleue pour que j'aille tirer de l'argent lend me your credit card so that I can go and get some money outn. ( = passer) (inf) to get through• encore une heure/un mois à tirer another hour/month to get through2. intransitive verba. to pullb. ( = faire feu) to fire ; ( = se servir d'une arme à feu, viser) to shoot• tirer sur qn/qch to shoot at sb/sthc. (Sport, football) to shoote. [cheminée, poêle] to drawf. [moteur, voiture] to pullg. [points de suture, sparadrap] to pull• le matin, j'ai la peau qui tire my skin feels tight in the morningh. (locutions)► tirer à sa fin [journée] to be drawing to a close ; [épreuve] to be nearly over ; [provisions] to be nearly finished3. reflexive verb► se tirera.se tirer de [+ danger, situation] to get o.s. out of• sa voiture était en mille morceaux mais lui s'en est tiré his car was smashed to pieces but he escaped unharmedb. bien/mal se tirer de qch [+ tâche] to handle sth well/badly• comment va-t-il se tirer de ce sujet/travail ? how will he cope with this subject/job?• les questions étaient difficiles mais il s'en est bien tiré the questions were difficult but he handled them wellc. ( = déguerpir) (inf!) to clear off (inf)• allez, on se tire come on, let's be off* * *tiʀe
1.
1) ( déplacer) to pull [véhicule]; to pull up [chaise]; to pull away [tapis]2) ( exercer une traction) ( avec une force régulière) to pull [cheveux]; to pull on [corde]; ( par à-coups) to tug at3) ( tendre)4) ( fermer) to draw [verrou, rideau]; to pull down [store]; to close [porte, volet]5) ( avec une arme) to fire off [balle, obus, grenade]; to fire [missile]; to shoot [flèche]tirer un corner/penalty — to take a corner/penalty
7) ( choisir au hasard)tirer (au sort) — to draw [carte, loterie, nom]; to draw for [partenaire]
9) ( sortir)10) ( faire sortir)11) ( obtenir)tirer de quelqu'un — to get [something] from somebody [renseignement, aveu]
tirer de quelque chose — to draw [something] from something [force, ressources]; to derive [something] from something [orgueil, satisfaction]; to make [something] out of something [argent]
tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de cette voiture — ( comme argent) you won't get much for this car; ( comme service) you won't get much out of this car
12) ( dériver)13) ( extraire)14) ( faire un tirage) to print [livre, négatif]; to run off [épreuve, exemplaire]tiré à part — [texte] off-printed
15) ( tracer) to draw [ligne, trait]tirer un chèque — to draw a cheque GB ou check US
tirer des plans — fig to draw up plans
16) (colloq) ( passer)plus qu'une heure/semaine à tirer — only one more hour/week to go
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( exercer une traction) to pulltirer sur quelque chose — to pull on something; ( d'un coup ou par à-coups) to tug at something
2) ( utiliser une arme) gén to shoot ( sur at); ( à feu) to fire ( sur at)elle lui a tiré dans la jambe — she shot him/her in the leg
3) ( au football) to shoot; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a shot4) ( choisir au hasard)5) ( prendre)6) ( aspirer)7) ( être imprimé)tirer à mille exemplaires — [périodique] to have a circulation of one thousand
8) ( aller vers)tirer sur le jaune/l'orangé — [couleur] to be yellowish/orangy
tirer sur la cinquantaine — [personne] to be pushing fifty
tirer à gauche/droite — [voiture] to pull to the left/right
3.
se tirer verbe pronominal1) ( sortir)se tirer de — to come through [situation, difficultés]
2) (sl) ( partir) to push off (colloq)3) ( avec une arme)se tirer dessus — ( l'un l'autre) lit to shoot at one another
4) (colloq) ( se débrouiller)s'en tirer — to cope, to manage
5) (colloq) ( échapper)s'en tirer — ( à un accident) to escape; ( à une maladie) to pull through; ( à une punition) to get away with it (colloq)
* * *tiʀe1. vt1) (pour arracher, amener à soi) to pullIl m'a tiré les cheveux. — He pulled my hair.
tiré par les cheveux fig (histoire, intrigue, explications) — far-fetched
2) (= fermer) [volet, porte, trappe] to pull to, to close, [rideau] to draw3) (= extraire)tirer qch de qch — to take sth from sth, to pull sth out of sth, [fruit, sol] to extract sth from sth
Elle a tiré un mouchoir de son sac. — She took a handkerchief from her bag., She pulled a handkerchief out of her bag.
tirer son nom de — to take one's name from, to get one's name from
tirer qn de qch [embarras] — to help sb out of sth, to get sb out of sth
4) (= sortir)5) (avec une arme) [balle, coup de feu] to fire, [animal] to shootIl a tiré plusieurs coups de feu. — He fired several shots.
6) [chèque] to draw7) (= tracer) to draw, to trace8) (= imprimer) [journal, livre, photo] to print9) (= choisir) [carte] to drawtirer les cartes — to read the cards, to tell the cards
10) FOOTBALL, [corner] to take11) NAVIGATION2. vi1)"Tirer" — "Pull"
tirer sur qch [corde, poignée] — to pull on sth, to pull at sth, [pipe] to draw on sth
2) (avec arme) to shoot, (= faire feu) to shoot, to firetirer à la carabine — to shoot with a rifle, to fire with a rifle
tirer sur qn (= faire feu sur) — to shoot at sb, to fire on sb
Il a tiré sur les policiers. — He shot at police officers., He fired on police officers.
3) FOOTBALL to shoot4) [cheminée] to draw5)* * *tirer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( déplacer) [personne, animal, véhicule] to pull [véhicule]; [personne] to pull up [fauteuil, chaise]; [personne] to pull away [tapis]; tirer la tête en arrière to toss one's head back; ⇒ chapeau, couverture;2 ( exercer une traction) ( avec une force régulière) to pull [cheveux]; to pull on [corde]; ( par à-coups) to tug at [cordelette, manette, sonnette]; tirer qn par le bras to pull sb's arm; tirer les cheveux à qn to pull sb's hair; tirer qn par la manche to tug at sb's sleeve;3 ( tendre) tirer ses cheveux en arrière to pull back one's hair; tirer ses bas to pull up one's stockings; tirer sa chemise/jupe to straighten one's shirt/skirt; ⇒ épingle; se faire tirer la peau○ Cosmét to have a face-lift; la peau/ça me tire○ my skin/it feels tight;5 Mil to fire off [balle, obus, grenade]; to fire [missile]; tirer un coup de feu to fire a shot; tirer le canon ( pour honorer) to fire a salute; tirer vingt et un coups de canon to fire a twenty-one gun salute;6 ( propulser) to shoot [balle, flèche] (sur at); elle lui a tiré (une balle) dans le dos she shot him in the back;7 ( viser) tirer le canard/faisan/gibier to shoot duck/pheasant/game;8 Sport ( de ballon) tirer un corner/penalty to take a corner/penalty; tirer un coup franc ( au football) to take a free kick; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a free throw;9 ( choisir au hasard) tirer (au sort) to draw [carte, loterie, nom, gagnant, adversaire]; to draw for [partenaire]; tirer les blancs to draw white; tirer une bonne carte to draw a strong card;11 Astrol tirer les cartes à qn to tell the cards for sb; se faire tirer les cartes to have one's fortune told with cards;12 ( prendre) to draw [vin, bière, eau, électricité, argent] (de, sur from); tirer de l'eau du puits to draw water from the well; tirer de l'argent sur un compte to draw money from an account; ⇒ vin;13 ( sortir) tirer de qch to take [sth] out of sth [objet]; to pull [sb] out of sth [personne]; tirer un stylo de son sac/d'un tiroir to take a pen out of one's bag/out of a drawer; tirer un enfant de l'eau/des flammes to pull a child out of the water/out of the flames; tirer qch de sa poche to pull sth out of one's pocket; tirer une bouffée de sa cigarette/pipe to take a puff at ou on one's cigarette/pipe; ⇒ épingle, marron, ver;14 ( faire sortir) tirer de qch to get [sb/sth] out of sth [personne, pays, entreprise]; tirer le pays de la récession to get the country out of recession; tire-moi de là! get me out of this!; tirer qn d'une maladie to pull sb through an illness; tu l'as tirée de son silence/sa mélancolie you drew her out of her silence/her melancholy;15 ( obtenir) tirer de qn to get [sth] from sb [renseignement, aveu]; tirer de qch to draw [sth] from sth [force, ressources]; to derive [sth] from sth [orgueil, satisfaction]; to make [sth] out of sth [argent]; tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de cette voiture ( comme argent) you won't get much for this car; ( comme service) you won't get much out of this car; tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de lui (comme argent, renseignements, preuve d'intelligence) you won't get much out of him; tirer le maximum de la situation to make the most of the situation; tirer un son d'un instrument to get a note out of an instrument;16 ( dériver) tirer de qch to base [sth] on sth [récit, film]; to get [sth] from sth [nom]; le film est tiré du roman the film is based on the novel; la guillotine tire son nom de son inventeur the guillotine gets its name from its inventor; le mot est tiré de l'anglais the word comes from the English;17 ( extraire) tirer de qn/qch to take [sth] from sb/sth [texte]; to derive [sth] from sth [substance]; texte tiré de Zola/la Bible text taken from Zola/the Bible; le médicament est tiré d'une plante the drug comes from a plant;18 ( faire un tirage) to print [livre, tract, texte, négatif]; to run off [épreuve, exemplaire]; journal tiré à dix mille exemplaires newspaper with a circulation of ten thousand;19 ( tracer) to draw [ligne, trait]; tirer un chèque Fin to draw a cheque GB ou check US (sur on); tirer des plans fig to draw up plans; ⇒ comète;20 ○( passer) plus qu'une heure/semaine à tirer only one more hour/week to go; tirer quelques années en prison to spend a few years in prison.B vi1 ( exercer une traction) to pull; tirer sur qch ( avec une force régulière) to pull on sth; ( d'un coup ou par à-coups) to tug at sth; tire fort! pull hard!; tirer sur les rames to pull on the oars; tirer de toutes ses forces to heave with all one's might; le moteur tire bien/tire mal○ the engine is pulling well/isn't pulling properly; ⇒ corde;2 ( utiliser une arme) to shoot (sur at); ( à feu) to fire (sur at); tirer à l'arc to shoot with a bow and arrow; tirer à la carabine/à l'arbalète to shoot with a rifle/with a crossbow; tirer pour tuer to shoot to kill; tirer au fusil/en l'air/à balles réelles to fire a gun/into the air/with live ammunition; tirer le premier to fire first, to shoot first; se faire tirer dessus to come under fire, to be shot at; ⇒ boulet; elle lui a tiré dans la jambe she shot him in the leg;3 Sport ( au football) to shoot; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a shot; tirer au but ( au football) to take a shot at goal;4 ( choisir au hasard) tirer (au sort) to draw lots; on n'a qu'à tirer let's just draw lots; ⇒ paille;5 ( prendre) tirer sur to draw on; tirer sur son compte/ses réserves to draw on one's account/one's reserves;6 ( aspirer) la cheminée tire bien/tire mal the chimney draws well/doesn't draw well; tirer sur sa cigarette/pipe to draw on one's cigarette/pipe;7 Imprim, Presse tirer à mille exemplaires [périodique] to have a circulation of a thousand; à combien tire la revue? what's the circulation of the magazine?;8 ( avoir une nuance) tirer sur le jaune/le bleu/le vert/le violet/l'orangé to be yellowish/bluish/greenish/purplish/orangy; être d'un bleu tirant sur le vert to be greenish-blue;10 ( dévier) [voiture]tirer à gauche/droite to pull to the left/right; Équit tirer à la main [cheval] to pull.C se tirer vpr1 ( sortir) se tirer de to come through [situation, difficultés]; se tirer de ses ennuis to come through one's troubles; ⇒ pas;2 ◑( partir) je me tire I'm off○ GB, I'm splitting○; tire-toi get lost○; je me suis tiré de chez lui I cleared from his place; je me suis tiré de chez mes parents I left home; je vais me tirer à Montréal I'm going off to Montreal;3 ( se servir d'une arme) se tirer une balle to shoot oneself (dans in); se tirer une balle dans la tête to blow one's brains out; se tirer dessus ( l'un l'autre) lit to shoot at one another;4 ( exercer une traction) se tirer la moustache to pull at one's moustache;5 ○( se débrouiller) s'en tirer to cope; il s'en tire mal ( forte contrainte) he's finding it hard to cope; ( travail délicat) he doesn't do very well; comment est-ce que vous vous en tirez? how do you cope?; elle s'en tire mieux que lui ( épreuve de résistance) she is coping better than he is; ( épreuve d'habileté) she is doing better than him; elle s'en tire tout juste she just gets by;6 ○( échapper) s'en tirer ( à un accident) to escape; ( à une maladie) to pull through; ( à une punition) to get away with it○; je m'en suis tiré avec quelques égratignures I escaped with a few scratches; son médecin pense qu'elle s'en tirera her doctor thinks (that) she will pull through; sans diplôme, il ne s'en tirera jamais without a degree, he'll never get by; il ne s'en tirera pas comme ça he's not going to get away with it; s'en tirer à bon prix to get off lightly; ⇒ compte.[tire] verbe transitifA.[DÉPLACER]tirer quelqu'un par le bras/les cheveux/les pieds to drag somebody by the arm/hair/feet2. [amener à soi] to pull[étirer - vers le haut] to pull (up) ; [ - vers le bas] to pull (down)elle me tira doucement par la manche she tugged ou pulled at my sleevetirer ses cheveux en arrière to draw ou to pull one's hair backa. [accidentellement] to pull a threadb. [pour faire un jour] to draw a threada. [s'attribuer le mérite] to take all the creditb. [s'attribuer le profit] to take the lion's share3. [pour actionner - cordon d'appel, élastique] to pull ; [ - tiroir] to pull (open ou out)tirer les rideaux to pull ou to draw the curtainstire le portail derrière toi close the gates behind you, pull the gates toa. [pour ouvrir] to slide a bolt openb. [pour fermer] to slide a bolt to, to shoot a boltB.[EXTRAIRE, OBTENIR]1. [faire sortir]tirer quelque chose de to pull ou to draw something out oftirer le vin/cidre (du tonneau) to draw wine/cider (off from the barrel)tirer quelqu'un de [le faire sortir de] to get somebody out oftirer quelqu'un de son silence to draw somebody out (of his/her silence)2. [fabriquer]tirer quelque chose de to derive ou to get ou to make something fromtirer des sons d'un instrument to get ou to draw sounds from an instrument3. [percevoir - argent][retirer - chèque, argent liquide] to drawtirer de l'argent d'un compte to draw money out of ou to withdraw money from an account4. [extraire, dégager]tirer la morale/un enseignement de quelque chose to learn a lesson from somethingce que j'ai tiré de ce livre/cet article what I got out of this book/articlece roman tire son titre d'une chanson populaire the title of this novel is taken from a popular song5. [obtenir, soutirer]tirer quelque chose de: tirer de l'argent de quelqu'un to extract money from somebody, to get money out of somebodyon n'en tirera jamais rien, de ce gossea. (familier) [il n'est bon à rien] we'll never make anything out of this kidb. [il ne parlera pas] we'll never get this kid to talk, we'll never get anything out of this kid6. (familier) [voler]je me suis fait tirer mon portefeuille au cinéma! somebody nicked (UK) ou swiped (US) my wallet at the cinema!C.[PROJETER][balle, flèche] to shoot2. [feu d'artifice] to set offce soir, on tirera un feu d'artifice there will be a fireworks display tonight4. [à la pétanque, boule en main] to throw[boule placée] to knock out (separable)[en haltérophilie] to lift5. (locution)E.[TRACER, IMPRIMER]3. IMPRIMERIE [livre] to printce magazine est tiré à plus de 200 000 exemplaires this magazine has a print run ou a circulation of 200,000bon à tirer ‘passed for press’un bon à tirer [épreuve] a press proof4. (Belgique & locution)tu es assez grand, tu tires ton plan you're old enough to look after yourself————————[tire] verbe intransitifne tirez pas, je me rends! don't shoot, I surrender!tirez dans les jambes shoot at ou aim at the legstirer à balles/à blanc to fire bullets/blankstirer sur quelqu'un to take a shot ou to shoot ou to fire at somebodyils ont l'ordre de tirer sur tout ce qui bouge they've been ordered to shoot ou to fire at anything that moveson m'a tiré dessus I was fired ou shot at2. ARMEMENT & SPORTtirer à l'arc/l'arbalètea. [activité sportive] to do archery/crossbow archeryb. [action ponctuelle] to shoot a bow/crossbowtirer à la carabine/au pistoleta. [activité sportive] to do rifle/pistol shootingb. [action ponctuelle] to shoot with a rifle/pistolil a tiré dans le mur/petit filet he sent the ball against the wall/into the side netting4. [exercer une traction] to pulltire! pull!, heave!5. [aspirer - fumeur]tirer sur une pipe to draw on ou to pull at a pipetirer sur une cigarette to puff at ou to draw on a cigarette6. [avoir un bon tirage - cheminée, poêle]la cheminée/pipe tire mal the fireplace/pipe doesn't draw properly7. [peau] to feel tight[points de suture] to pullaïe, ça tire! ouch, it's pulling!8. JEUXtirer au sort to draw ou to cast lots9. IMPRIMERIEtirer à 50 000 exemplaires to have a circulation of ou to have a (print) run of 50,000 (copies)10. (locution, Belgique & Suisse)————————tirer à verbe plus préposition1. PRESSE2. NAUTIQUE3. (locution)————————tirer sur verbe plus préposition[couleur] to verge ou to border onses cheveux tirent sur le roux his hair is reddish ou almost red————————se tirer verbe pronominal (emploi passif)————————se tirer verbe pronominal intransitifs'il n'est pas là dans 5 minutes, je me tire if he's not here in 5 minutes I'm goingtire-toi! [ton menaçant] beat it!, clear ou push off!dès que je peux, je me tire de cette boîte as soon as I can, I'll get out of this dump2. [toucher à sa fin - emprisonnement, service militaire] to draw to a closeplus qu'une semaine, ça se tire quand même! only a week to go, it's nearly over after all!————————se tirer de verbe pronominal plus préposition[se sortir de] to get out ofil s'est bien/mal tiré de l'entrevue he did well/badly at the interviews'en tirer (familier) [s'en sortir]: avec son culot, elle s'en tirera toujours with her cheek, she'll always come out on topsi tu ne m'avais pas aidé à finir la maquette, je ne m'en serais jamais tiré if you hadn't given me a hand with the model, I'd never have managedrien à faire, je ne m'en tire pas! [financièrement] it's impossible, I just can't make ends meet!tu ne t'en tireras pas avec de simples excuses [être quitte] you won't get away ou off with just a few words of apologys'en tirer à ou avec ou pour [devoir payer] to have to payà quatre, on ne s'en tirera pas à moins de 150 euros le repas the meal will cost at least 150 euros for the four of usil ne s'en tirera pas comme ça he won't get off so lightly, he won't get away with iton n'a encaissé qu'un seul but, on ne s'en est pas trop mal tirés they scored only one goal against us, we didn't do too badly -
27 pitch
I 1. noun1) (Brit.): (usual place) [Stand]platz, der; (stand) Stand, der; (Sport): (playing area) Feld, das; Platz, der3) (slope) Neigung, die2. transitive verbreach such a pitch that... — sich so zuspitzen, dass...
1) (erect) aufschlagen [Zelt]pitch camp — ein/das Lager aufschlagen
2) (throw) werfenthe horse pitched its rider over its head — das Pferd warf den Reiter vornüber
pitch somebody out of something — jemanden aus etwas hinauswerfen
3) (Mus.) anstimmen [Melodie]; stimmen [Instrument]4) (fig.)5)3. intransitive verbpitched battle — offene [Feld]schlacht
(fall) [kopfüber] stürzen; [Schiff, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug:] mit einem Ruck nach vorn kippen; (repeatedly) [Schiff:] stampfenPhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/90132/pitch_in">pitch inII noun(substance) Pech, das* * *I 1. [pi ] verb2) (to throw: He pitched the stone into the river.) werfen3) (to (cause to) fall heavily: He pitched forward.) stürzen4) ((of a ship) to rise and fall violently: The boat pitched up and down on the rough sea.) stampfen5) (to set (a note or tune) at a particular level: He pitched the tune too high for my voice.) anstimmen2. noun1) (the field or ground for certain games: a cricket-pitch; a football pitch.) das Feld2) (the degree of highness or lowness of a musical note, voice etc.) die Tonhöhe3) (an extreme point or intensity: His anger reached such a pitch that he hit her.) der Grad4) (the part of a street etc where a street-seller or entertainer works: He has a pitch on the High Street.) der Stand5) (the act of pitching or throwing or the distance something is pitched: That was a long pitch.) der Wurf6) ((of a ship) the act of pitching.) das Stampfen•- -pitched- pitcher
- pitched battle
- pitchfork II [pi ] noun(a thick black substance obtained from tar: as black as pitch.) das Pech- pitch-black- pitch-dark* * *pitch1npitch2[pɪtʃ]pitch3[pɪtʃ]I. n<pl -es>baseball/hockey \pitch Baseball-/Hockeyfeld ntfootball \pitch Fußballfeld nt, Fußballplatz m3. no pl (tone) Tonhöhe f; (of a voice) Stimmlage f; (of an instrument) Tonlage f; (volume) Lautstärke fthe noise [had] reached such a \pitch that the neighbours complained der Lärm war so laut, dass sich die Nachbarn beschwertenperfect \pitch absolutes Gehörto be at fever \pitch (worked-up) [furchtbar] aufgeregt sein; children [völlig] aufgedreht [o ÖSTERR überdreht] sein[sales] \pitch [Verkaufs]gerede nt a. pej fam, [Verkaufs]sprüche pl a. pej famhe gave me his usual [sales] \pitch about quality and reliability er spulte seine üblichen Sprüche über Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit ab famthe city made a \pitch to stage the competition die Stadt bemühte sich um die Austragung der Wettkämpfelow/steep \pitch flache/steile Neigungto have a low \pitch flach geneigt seinto have a steep \pitch steil [geneigt] seinII. vt1. (throw)▪ to \pitch sb/sth jdn/etw werfenhis constant criticism had \pitched him into trouble with his boss seine ständige Kritik hatte ihm Ärger mit seinem Chef eingebrachtbad luck had \pitched him into a life of crime bedingt durch widrige Umstände, rutschte er in die Kriminalität abto be \pitched [headlong] into despair in [eine] tiefe Verzweiflung gestürzt werden2. (set up)▪ to \pitch sth etw aufstellento \pitch camp das Lager aufschlagento \pitch a tent ein Zelt aufbauen [o aufschlagen3. SPORThe has \pitched the last 3 innings er spielte in den letzten 3 Runden den Werferto \pitch a ball einen Ball werfento \pitch a curve ball den Ball anschneiden4. MUSthe tune was \pitched [too] high/low die Melodie war [zu] hoch/tief5. (target)▪ to be \pitched at sb book, film sich an jdn richtenthe film is \pitched at adults between 20 and 30 der Film richtet sich an Erwachsene [o an die Zielgruppe] zwischen zwanzig und dreißig6. (set)you have to \pitch the course at beginners' level der Kurs sollte auf Anfänger ausrichtet seinto be \pitched too high/low zu hoch/niedrig angesetzt seinyour aspirations/expectations are \pitched too high deine Ziele/Erwartungen sind zu hochgestecktto be \pitched at 30° eine Neigung von 30° haben [o aufweisen]\pitched roof Schrägdach nt8. (advertise)▪ to \pitch sth etw propagieren [o sl pushen]III. vi2. (fall)to \pitch headlong to the ground kopfüber zu Boden fallento \pitch into a hole in ein Loch stürzento \pitch forward vornüberstürzenthe passengers \pitched forward die Passagiere wurden nach vorne geschleudertthe footpath \pitches down to the river der Fußweg führt zum Fluss hinunter6. (aim)▪ to \pitch for sth etw anstrebenhe's \pitching for the government to use its influence er versucht die Regierung dazu zu bewegen, ihren Einfluss geltend zu machen7. (attack)▪ to \pitch into sb jdn angreifen8. (start)▪ to \pitch into sth etw [entschlossen] angehen [o anpacken]* * *I [pɪtʃ]nPech nt II1. n1) (= throw) Wurf m4) (Brit for doing one's business, in market, outside theatre etc) Stand m; (fig = usual place on beach etc) Platz mkeep off my pitch! (fig) — komm mir nicht ins Gehege!
See:→ queerhe gave us his pitch about the need to change our policy — er hielt uns (wieder einmal) einen Vortrag über die Notwendigkeit, unsere Politik zu ändern
to have perfect pitch — das absolute Gehör haben
8) (fig= degree)
he roused the mob to such a pitch that... — er brachte die Massen so sehr auf, dass...the tension/their frustration had reached such a pitch that... — die Spannung/ihre Frustration hatte einen derartigen Grad erreicht, dass...
matters had reached such a pitch that... — die Sache hatte sich derart zugespitzt, dass...
at its highest pitch —
we can't keep on working at this pitch much longer — wir können dieses Arbeitstempo nicht mehr lange durchhalten
See:→ fever9) (US inf)what's the pitch? — wie siehts aus?, was liegt an? (inf), was geht? (sl)
2. vtas soon as he got the job he was pitched into a departmental battle — kaum hatte er die Stelle, wurde er schon in einen Abteilungskrieg verwickelt
2) (MUS) song anstimmen; note (= give) angeben; (= hit) treffen; instrument stimmen; (inf by DJ) pitchen3) (fig)the prices of these cars are pitched extremely competitively — diese Autos haben sehr attraktive Preise
the production must be pitched at the right level for London audiences — das Stück muss auf das Niveau des Londoner Publikums abgestimmt werden
she pitched the plan to business leaders —
3. vi1) (= fall) fallen, stürzenhe pitched off his horse —
he pitched forward as the bus braked — er fiel nach vorn, als der Bus bremste
2) (NAUT) stampfen; (AVIAT) absackenhe's in there pitching ( US fig inf ) — er schuftet wie ein Ochse (inf)
* * *pitch1 [pıtʃ]A s2. BOT (rohes Terpentin-)Harzpitched thread Pechdraht mpitch2 [pıtʃ]A v/t1. ein Zelt, ein Lager, einen Verkaufsstand etc aufschlagen, -stellen, eine Leiter etc anlegen, ein Lager etc errichten:pitch one’s tent fig seine Zelte aufschlagen2. einen Pfosten etc einrammen, -schlagen, befestigen3. einen Speer etc werfen, schleudern:pitch a coin eine Münze hochwerfen (zum Losen etc)4. Heu etc (auf)laden, (-)gabeln5. MIL, HIST in Schlachtordnung aufstellen:a) regelrechte oder offene (Feld)Schlacht,b) fig knallharte Auseinandersetzung6. (der Höhe oder dem Wert etc nach) festsetzen, -legen:pitch one’s expectations too high seine Erwartungen zu hoch schrauben, zu viel erwarten;pitch one’s hopes too high seine Hoffnungen zu hoch stecken8. MUSa) ein Instrument (auf eine bestimmte Tonhöhe) stimmenb) ein Lied etc (in bestimmter Tonhöhe) anstimmen oder singen oder spielen, die Tonhöhe für ein Lied etc festsetzen oder anschlagen:pitch the voice high hoch anstimmen oder singen;his voice was well pitched er hatte eine gute Stimmlage9. Golf: den Ball pitchen10. fig den Sinn etc richten (toward[s] auf akk)11. eine Straße (be)schottern, (mit unbehauenen Steinen) pflastern, eine Böschung (mit unbehauenen Steinen) verpacken12. Kartenspiel: eine Farbe durch Ausspielen zum Trumpf machen, die Trumpffarbe durch Ausspielen festlegen13. Warea) zum Verkauf anbieten, ausstellenb) anpreisenB v/i1. (besonders kopfüber) (hin)stürzen, hinschlagen2. aufschlagen, -prallen (Ball etc)3. taumeln5. werfen7. sich neigen (Dach etc)8. a) ein Zelt oder Lager aufschlagen, (sich) lagernb) einen (Verkaufs)Stand aufschlagena) sich (tüchtig) ins Zeug legen, loslegen, sich ranmachen,b) tüchtig zulangen (essen),c) einspringen, aushelfen ( beide:with mit),d) mit anpacken ( with bei)b) sich (mit Schwung) an die Arbeit machen12. umga) SPORT allg spielenb) fig kämpfenC swhat’s the pitch? US sl was ist los?;I get the pitch US sl ich kapiere2. SCHIFF Stampfen n3. Neigung f, Gefälle n (eines Daches etc)4. Höhe f5. MUS Tonhöhe f:pitch name absoluter Notenname;pitch number Schwingungszahl f (eines Tones)6. MUSb) richtige Tonhöhe (in der Ausführung):above (below) pitch zu hoch (tief);sing true to pitch tonrein singen9. Grad m, Stufe f, Höhe f (auch fig):pitch of an arch Bogenhöhe;fly a high pitch hoch fliegento the highest pitch aufs Äußerste11. besonders Bra) Stand m (eines Straßenhändlers etc)b) (Stand)Platz m:queer sb’s pitch umg jemandem die Tour vermasseln, jemandem einen Strich durch die Rechnung machen12. WIRTSCH Br (Waren)Angebot n13. sla) Anpreisung fb) Verkaufsgespräch nc) Werbeanzeige f14. sl Platte f, Masche f (beide pej)15. SPORT Spielfeld n:pitch inspection Platzbesichtigung f17. TECHa) Teilung f (eines Gewindes, Zahnrads etc)b) FLUG (Blatt)Steigung f (einer Luftschraube)c) Schränkung f (einer Säge)18. a) Lochabstand m (beim Film)b) Rillenabstand m (der Schallplatte)* * *I 1. noun1) (Brit.): (usual place) [Stand]platz, der; (stand) Stand, der; (Sport): (playing area) Feld, das; Platz, der3) (slope) Neigung, die4) (fig.): (degree, intensity)2. transitive verbreach such a pitch that... — sich so zuspitzen, dass...
1) (erect) aufschlagen [Zelt]pitch camp — ein/das Lager aufschlagen
2) (throw) werfen3) (Mus.) anstimmen [Melodie]; stimmen [Instrument]4) (fig.)5)3. intransitive verbpitched battle — offene [Feld]schlacht
(fall) [kopfüber] stürzen; [Schiff, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug:] mit einem Ruck nach vorn kippen; (repeatedly) [Schiff:] stampfenPhrasal Verbs:- pitch inII noun(substance) Pech, das* * *(sound) n.Tonhöhe -n f.Tonlage -n f. n.Abstand -¨e m.Pech nur sing. n.Stufe -n f. v.errichten v.festsetzen v.werfen v.(§ p.,pp.: warf, geworfen) -
28 sense
1. n чувствоsixth sense — шестое чувство, интуиция
inner sense — внутренний голос; внутреннее ощущение
a sense of fullness — чувство сытости, насыщение
2. n ощущение, восприятиеa sense of colour — понимание колорита, умение подбирать цвета
3. n сознание, рассудокare you in your right senses? — ты что — рехнулся?
4. n разум5. n здравый смысл6. n значение, важностьto make sense — иметь смысл, быть нужным
7. n общее настроение, духto take the sense of the meeting — определить настроение собрания ; поставить вопрос на голосование
8. n спец. направление9. v чувствовать, осознавать10. v понимать, отдавать себе отчётshe fully sensed the danger of her position — она целиком отдавала себе отчёт в опасности своего положения
Синонимический ряд:1. common sense (noun) common sense; good sense; gumption; horse sense; judgement; judgment; wisdom2. feeling (noun) estimation; faculty; feeling; function; idea; impression; notion; opinion; sensation; sensibility; sensitivity; sentiment; thought3. meaning (noun) acceptation; connotation; denotation; import; intendment; intent; meaning; message; purport; significance; significancy; signification; sum and substance; value4. mind (noun) lucidity; mind; saneness; sanity; senses; soundness5. reason (noun) brain; brainpower; brains; cleverness; intellect; intelligence; knowledge; logic; mentality; mother wit; rationale; rationality; reason; reasoning; wit6. substance (noun) amount; body; burden; core; crux; gist; kernel; matter; meat; nub; nubbin; pith; short; strength; substance; sum total; thrust; upshot7. understanding (noun) awareness; discernment; discretion; insight; perception; realization; reasonableness; recognition; understanding8. feel (verb) believe; consider; credit; deem; feel; hold; intuit; think9. recognise (verb) apperceive; appreciate; detect; discern; perceive; recognise; recognize -
29 blof
m.bluff.* * *SM LAm bluff* * *masculino (Col, Méx) bluffser puro blof — (fam) to be all talk (colloq)
* * *masculino (Col, Méx) bluffser puro blof — (fam) to be all talk (colloq)
* * *(Col, Méx)1 (Jueg) bluff2 ( fam)(fanfarronería): ser puro blof to be all talk ( colloq), to be full of hot air ( colloq) o (sl) bullshit* * *
blof sustantivo masculino (Col, Méx) bluff
' blof' also found in these entries:
English:
bluff
* * *blof nmCuba, Méx bluff;mi vecina es un blof my neighbour's all hot air;sus obras famosas son un blof her most famous works are a case of style over substance* * *m L.Am.bluff* * * -
30 общ
general(който се отнася за повече хора или предмети) common (за to)(който засяга всички) universal(съвместен) joint(взаимен) mutual(сумарен) total, aggregate(за помещение) sharedобщ въпрос a general issueобщ брой a total number; a grand totalобщ живот life together, (в казарма, училище) community lifeобщ брой на членовете на организация an aggregate membershipобщ работник labourer, an unskilled workerобщ вид a general appearance(на страна) physiognomyвъпроси от общ интерес matters of general interestобщ фронт a common frontобщ доход a total incomeобщ капитал a total capitalобщ ефект a total/a cumulative/an overall effectобщ език a common language; lingua francaне можем да намерим общ език talk at cross-purposesобщ смисъл a general sense/meaningобщ повик a popular demandобщ познат a mutual acquaintanceобщ бой a general/free fightобщ опит a shared experienceобща сума a sum totalобща работа work done in commonобща цифра an overall figureобща мобилизация a general mobilizationобща стена a party/partition wallобща листа a joint listобща употреба/практика general usageобща култура general knowledge/informationобща база прен. common groundобща картина/представа an overall picture; patternобща цел a common goalобща насока a general trendобща политика a joint policyобща амнистия a wholesale/general amnestyобщ а заблуда a common fallacyобщодомакинство a joint householdобщоблаго general welfareза общодобро for the general benefit, for the benefit of all, for the common/general good; for the general/common/public wealобщодело a common causeобщопритежание common possessionобщодостояние е, че it is common knowledge thatобщоиме/название a generic/an overall nameобщото равнище the common levelобщообразование a general educationобщоземеделие communal farmingобщовпечатление a general/an all-round impressionобщото мнение the general opinion, the consensus of opinionобщоодобрение general approvalобщоправило/събрание a general rule/meetingобщоувеличение на цените a blanket rise in pricesобщоявление a common occurrenceобщотвърдение a broad statementобщокомюнике a joint communiqueимам нещо много общо с have a good deal in common with, have a great deal to do withнямам нищо общо с have nothing to do with, bear no relation toтова няма нищо общо с въпроса that is neither here nor there, that's not to the point, it's nothing to do with itнямам нищо общо с have nothing to do with, bear no relation toидваме до нещо общо reach a common pointобщи разноски general expensesобщи цифри overall figuresобщи сили aggregate forcesобщи усилия combined* * *общ,прил. general; ( който се отнася за повече хора или предмети) common (за to); ( който засяга всички) universal; ( съвместен) joint; shared; ( взаимен) mutual; ( сумарен) total, aggregate; ( всеобхватен) икон. blanket (attr.); (за помещение) shared; в \общи линии in (rough) outline, roughly speaking, in general terms, in substance; за \общо благо for the benefit of all, for the common/general good; for the general/common/public weal; за \общо ползване for general use; за \общо удоволствие/учудване to everybody’s delight/surprise; идваме до нещо \общо reach a common point; имам нещо много \общо с have a good deal in common with, have a great deal to do with; много \общо твърдение/заключение sweeping statement; налучкване в \общи линии a wide guess; намираме \общ език find common ground, learn to understand one another; не искам да имам нищо \общо с разг. I wouldn’t touch (s.th.) with a barge pole; не можем да намерим \общ език talk at cross-purposes; нямам нищо \общо с have nothing to do with, bear no relation to; \общ бой воен. general/free fight; разг. free-far-all; \общ брой total number; grand total; \общ брой на членовете на организация aggregate membership; \общ вид general appearance; (на страна, местност, ландшафт) physiognomy; \общ въпрос general issue; \общ език common language; lingua franca; \общ ефект total/a cumulative/overall effect; \общ живот life together, (в казарма, училище) community life; \общ повик a popular demand; \общ поглед general view (of); \общ работник labourer, unskilled worker; разг. dogsbody; \общ фронт common front; \обща амнистия wholesale/general amnesty; \обща база прен. common ground; \обща баня (в хотел, на етаж) communal bathroom; \обща граница common boundary, joint border, a border in common (with); \обща заблуда common fallacy; \обща картина/представа an overall picture; pattern; \обща култура general knowledge/information; \обща кухня shared kitchen; \обща листа joint list; \обща насока general trend; \обща политика joint policy; \обща работа work done in common; \обща сума sum total; \обща употреба/практика general usage; \обща цел common goal; \общи мерки common measures; \общи насоки broad terms of reference; \общи положения general principles, premises, general assumptions/(pro)positions; \общи разноски general expenses; \общи сили aggregate forces; \общи усилия combined/joint forces/efforts; \общи фрази generalities; \общи цифри overall figures; \общи черти general/broad outlines; \общо благо general welfare; \общо впечатление general/all-round impression; \общо дело common cause; \общо домакинство a joint household; \общо достояние е, че it is common knowledge that; \общо земеделие communal farming; \общо име/название generic/overall name; \общо комюнике joint communiqué; \общо правило/събрание general rule/meeting; \общо притежание common possession; \общо твърдение broad statement; \общо увеличение на цените blanket rise in prices; \общото мнение the general opinion, the consensus of opinion; от \общото към частното from the general to the particular; по \общо признание by universal acknowledgement/consent; by general confession, confessedly; това няма нищо \общо с въпроса that is neither here nor there, that’s beside/not to the point, it’s nothing to do with it.* * *general: общ mobilization - обща мобилизация, общ impression - общо впечатление; common (за повече хора); total: общ value - обща стойност, aggregate (сумарен); collective; corporate; gross{grOs}; impersonal* * *1. (взаимен) mutual 2. (за помещение) shared 3. (който засяга всички) universal 4. (който се отнася за повече хора или предмети) common (за to) 5. (на страна) physiognomy 6. (сумарен) total, aggregate 7. (съвместен) joint 8. general 9. no ОБЩo признание by universal acknowledgment/consent 10. no ОБЩo съгласие by general agreement/consent 11. ОБЩ а заблуда a common fallacy 12. ОБЩ бой a general/free fight 13. ОБЩ брой a total number;a grand total 14. ОБЩ брой на членовете на организация an aggregate membership 15. ОБЩ вид a general appearance 16. ОБЩ въпрос а general issue 17. ОБЩ доход a total income 18. ОБЩ език a common language;lingua franca 19. ОБЩ ефект a total/a cumulative/an overall effect 20. ОБЩ живот life together, (в казарма, училище) community life 21. ОБЩ капитал a total capital 22. ОБЩ опит a shared experience 23. ОБЩ повик a popular demand 24. ОБЩ поглед a general view (of) 25. ОБЩ познат а mutual acquaintance 26. ОБЩ работник labourer, an unskilled worker 27. ОБЩ смисъл a general sense/meaning 28. ОБЩ фронт a common front 29. ОБЩa амнистия a wholesale/general amnesty 30. ОБЩa база прен. common ground 31. ОБЩa картина/ представа an overall picture;pattern 32. ОБЩa култура general knowledge/information 33. ОБЩa листа a joint list 34. ОБЩa мобилизация a general mobilization 35. ОБЩa насока a general trend 36. ОБЩa политика a joint policy 37. ОБЩa работа work done in common 38. ОБЩa стена a party/partition wall 39. ОБЩa сума a sum total 40. ОБЩa употреба/практика general usage 41. ОБЩa цел a common goal 42. ОБЩa цифра an overall figure 43. ОБЩo благо general welfare 44. ОБЩo впечатление a general/an all-round impression 45. ОБЩo дело a common cause 46. ОБЩo домакинство a joint household 47. ОБЩo достояние е, че it is common knowledge that 48. ОБЩo име/название a generic/an overall name: ОБЩото равнище the common level 49. ОБЩo комюнике a joint communique 50. ОБЩo образование a general education: ОБЩo земеделие communal farming 51. ОБЩo одобрение general approval 52. ОБЩo правило/събрание a general rule/meeting 53. ОБЩo притежание common possession 54. ОБЩo твърдение a broad statement 55. ОБЩo увеличение на цените a blanket rise in prices 56. ОБЩo явление a common occurrence 57. ОБЩа граница a common boundary, a joint border, a border in common (with) 58. ОБЩи разноски general expenses 59. ОБЩи сили aggregate forces 60. ОБЩи усилия combined 61. ОБЩи цифри overall figures 62. ОБЩото мнение the general opinion, the consensus of opinion 63. въпроси от ОБЩ интерес matters of general interest 64. за ОБЩo добро for the general benefit, for the benefit of all, for the common/general good;for the general/common/public weal 65. за ОБЩо ползуване for general use 66. за ОБЩо удоволствие/учудване to everybody's delight/surprise 67. идваме до нещо ОБЩо reach a common point 68. имам ОБЩа граница с have a common border with, share a border with 69. имам ОБЩи граници с have common frontiers with 70. имам нещо ОБЩo c have to do with, touch 71. имам нещо много ОБЩо с have a good deal in common with, have a great deal to do with 72. имаме ОБЩи интереси have interests in common 73. много ОБЩо твърдение/заключение a sweeping statement 74. на ОБЩа стойност to a total value of 75. на ОБЩо основание вж. основание 76. намираме ОБЩ език find common ground, learn to understand one another 77. не можем да намерим ОБЩ език talk at cross-purposes 78. нямам нищо ОБЩо с have nothing to do with, bear no relation to 79. от ОБЩото към частното from the general to the particular 80. това няма нищо ОБЩо с въпроса that is neither here nor there, that's not to the point, it's nothing to do with it -
31 café
café [kafe]1. masculine nouna. ( = boisson) coffeeb. ( = lieu) café2. compounds* * *kafe
1.
2.
nom masculin1) (substance, boisson, arôme) coffeecafé en grains — coffee beans (+ v pl)
2) ( établissement) café3) ( fin d'un repas)•Phrasal Verbs:* * *kafe1. nm1) (graines) coffee2) (boisson) coffee3) (établissement) café2. adj invcoffee modif* * *B nm1 ( substance) coffee; café vert/torréfié unroasted/roasted coffee; café en grains coffee beans (+ v pl); café moulu ground coffee; café instantané or soluble instant coffee;3 ( arôme) coffee; glace/gâteau au café coffee ice cream/cake;5 ( à la fin d'un repas) au café at the end of the meal.café crème espresso with milk; café filtre filter coffee; café au lait white coffee GB, coffee with milk; peau café au lait coffee-colouredGB skin; café noir black coffee; le café du pauvre○ lovemaking; café turc Turkish coffee.c'est (un peu) fort de café○! that's a bit steep○![kafe] nom masculin1. [boisson, graine] coffeecafé frappé ou glacé iced coffeecafé instantané ou soluble instant coffeeau café, il n'avait toujours pas terminé son histoire he still hadn't finished his story by the time we got to the coffee3. [établissement]————————[kafe] adjectif————————au café locution adjectivale————————café liégeois nom masculin1. In French cafés, a small cup of strong black coffee is called un (petit) café, un express or, colloquially, un petit noir. This may be served serré (extra-strong), léger (weak) or allongé (diluted with hot water). An express with a tiny amount of milk added is called une noisette. A large cup of black coffee is un grand café, un double express or, colloquially, un grand noir. Coffee with frothy, steam-heated milk is called un (grand/petit) crème. The term café au lait is almost never used in cafés.2. Parisian cafés have traditionally played an important part in the intellectual and artistic life of the city. For example, the Café de Flore was a favourite meeting place for the existentialists. -
32 isoler
isoler [izɔle]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verb2. reflexive verb* * *izɔle
1.
1) to isolate [malade, politicien, dissident] (de from); to put [somebody] in solitary confinement [prisonnier]2) ( séparer d'un ensemble) to isolate [gène, substance, élément]3) ( contre le bruit) to soundproof; (contre la chaleur, le froid) to insulate ( contre against)4) ( en électricité) to insulate
2.
s'isoler verbe pronominal to isolate oneself (de from)* * *izɔle vt1) (= mettre à part ou à l'écart) to isolate2) [prisonnier] to put in solitary confinement3) [ville] (intempéries) to cut off4) ÉLECTRICITÉ, ÉLECTRONIQUE to insulate5) TECHNIQUE to insulate* * *isoler verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( priver de contacts) to isolate [malade, politicien, dissident] (de from); to put [sb] in solitary confinement [prisonnier]; ses opinions extrémistes l'ont isolé de ses collègues his radical views isolated him from ou set him apart from his colleagues;2 ( séparer d'un ensemble) to isolate [gène, substance, élément]; isoler un problème to isolate a problem; isoler une citation de son contexte to take a quote out of context;3 Constr ( contre le bruit) to soundproof [pièce]; (contre la chaleur, le froid) to insulate (contre against);4 Électrotech to insulate;5 Méd to cover [sth] with a dressing [plaie].B s'isoler vpr [personne, ermite] to isolate oneself (de from); il s'est isolé dans un coin pour lire une lettre he withdrew into a corner to read a letter.[izɔle] verbe transitifisoler une citation de son contexte to lift a quotation out of context, to isolate a quotation from its context2. [couper du monde - personne] to isolate, to leave isolated ; [ - endroit] to isolate, to cut off (separable)on n'a pas pu isoler la cause de la déflagration it was not possible to identify the cause of the explosion4. CONSTRUCTION [du froid, de la chaleur] to insulate6. MÉDECINE [malade, virus] to isolate7. CHIMIE to isolate8. ADMINISTRATION [prisonnier] to put into ou to place in solitary confinement————————s'isoler verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)elles s'isolèrent [pour voter] they went into separate boothspourrions-nous nous isoler un instant? is there somewhere we could talk privately ou in private for a moment? -
33 présence
présence [pʀezɑ̃s]1. feminine nouna. [de personne, chose, pays] presence ; (au bureau, à l'école) attendanceb. ( = personnalité) presence2. compounds* * *pʀezɑ̃s1) ( de personne) presence; (au bureau, à l'usine) attendanceil fait de la présence, c'est tout — he's present and not much else
les parties en présence — Droit the litigants, the opposing parties
mettre deux personnes en présence — to bring two people together ou face to face
2) ( de pays) presence3) (de substance, phénomène, d'industrie) presence ( dans in)4) ( être animé)5) ( personnalité) presence•Phrasal Verbs:* * *pʀezɑ̃s nf1) (proximité) presenceSa présence est rassurante. — His presence is reassuring.
en présence de qn — in the presence of sb, in sb's presence
en présence de [menace, situation, choix] — in the face of
2) (aux cours, au travail) attendanceLa présence aux cours est obligatoire. — Lesson attendance is compulsory.
* * *A nf1 ( de personne) presence; (au bureau, à l'usine) attendance; elle nous a honorés de sa présence she honouredGB us with her presence; il ignore ta présence he doesn't know you are here; il fait de la présence, c'est tout he's present and not much else; il me suffit de faire de la présence I just need to turn up; fuir/éviter la présence de qn to shun/to avoid sb; trois mois de présence dans l'entreprise sont nécessaires it is necessary to have been with the company for three months; en présence du maire/d'un avocat in the presence of the mayor/of a lawyer; il l'a fait en ma présence/hors de ma présence he did it in my presence/while I wasn't there; en présence d'un acide il se produit une réaction a reaction occurs when an acid is present; en présence d'une foule énorme in front of a huge crowd; en présence de la reine in the presence of the Queen; les forces en présence dans le conflit the forces involved in the conflict; en présence d'un tel désastre faced with such a disaster; les parties en présence Jur the litigants, the opposing parties; mettre deux personnes en présence to bring two people together ou face to face;2 ( de pays) presence; la présence française en Afrique the French presence in Africa;3 (de substance, phénomène, d'industrie) presence (dans in);4 Relig la présence réelle real presence;5 ( être animé) sentir une présence to feel a presence; il a besoin d'une présence he needs company;6 ( personnalité) presence; avoir beaucoup de présence (sur scène) to have great stage presence;7 ( influence d'auteur) liter influence.présence d'esprit presence of mind.[prezɑ̃s] nom féminin1. [fait d'être là] presenceréunion à 9 h, présence obligatoire meeting at 9 o'clock, attendance compulsory3. [influence] presence————————en présence locution adjectivale1. [en opposition]les armées/équipes en présence the opposing armies/teams2. DROIT————————en présence locution adverbialemettre deux personnes en présence to bring two people together ou face-to-faceen présence de locution prépositionnelleprésence d'esprit nom féminin -
34 long
∎ how long is the pool? quelle est la longueur de la piscine?, la piscine fait combien de long?;∎ the pool's 33 metres long la piscine fait 33 mètres de long;∎ the article is 80 pages long l'article fait 80 pages;∎ is it a long way (away)? est-ce loin (d'ici)?;∎ it's a long way to the beach la plage est loin;∎ she can throw a long way elle lance loin;∎ to take the long way round prendre le chemin le plus long;∎ the best by a long way de loin le meilleur;∎ long in the leg aux longues jambes;∎ a long face un visage allongé;∎ figurative to have or pull a long face faire la tête, faire une tête de six pieds de long;∎ why the long face? pourquoi est-ce que tu fais cette tête de six pieds de long?(b) (in time → pause, speech, separation) long (longue);∎ how long will the flight be/was the meeting? combien de temps durera le vol/a duré la réunion?;∎ the film is three hours long le film dure trois heures;∎ her five-year-long battle with the authorities sa lutte de cinq années contre les autorités;∎ to have a long memory avoir une bonne mémoire;∎ to have a long talk with sb parler longuement avec qn;∎ to get longer (days, intervals) devenir plus long;∎ they want longer holidays ils veulent des vacances plus longues;∎ she took a long swig of beer elle a bu une grande gorgée de bière;∎ they took a long look at the view ils restèrent longtemps à regarder la vue qui s'offrait à eux;∎ it was a long two months ces deux mois ont été longs;∎ I've had a long day j'ai eu une journée bien remplie;∎ in the long term à long terme;∎ it will take a long time cela prendra longtemps, ce sera long;∎ a long time ago il y a (bien) longtemps;∎ it's a long time since I was (last) in Paris ça fait longtemps que je ne suis pas allé à Paris;∎ I've been wanting to go for a long time ça fait longtemps que j'ai envie d'y aller;∎ I've known her (for) a long time or while je la connais depuis longtemps, cela fait longtemps que je la connais;∎ it was a long haul (journey) le voyage a été long; (task, recovery) c'était un travail de longue haleine;∎ at long last! enfin!∎ they're long on copper, they've taken a long position on copper ils ont investi dans le cuivre∎ that serve was long ce service était trop long∎ she's long on good ideas elle n'est pas à court de bonnes idées, ce ne sont pas les bonnes idées qui lui manquent;∎ his speeches are long on rhetoric but short on substance ce n'est pas la rhétorique qui manque dans ses discours, c'est la substance2 noun∎ the long and the short of it is that I got fired enfin bref, j'ai été viré;∎ that's the long and the short of it! un point c'est tout!3 adverb(a) (a long time) longtemps;∎ they live longer than humans ils vivent plus longtemps que les êtres humains;∎ he won't keep you long/much longer il ne vous gardera pas longtemps/beaucoup plus longtemps;∎ I haven't been here long ça ne fait pas longtemps que je suis là;∎ they haven't been married long ça ne fait pas longtemps qu'ils sont mariés, ils ne sont pas mariés depuis longtemps;∎ how long will he be/was he in jail? (pendant) combien de temps restera-t-il/est-il resté en prison?;∎ how long has he been in jail? ça fait combien de temps qu'il est en prison?, depuis combien de temps est-il en prison?;∎ how long is it since we last visited them? quand sommes-nous allés les voir pour la dernière fois?;∎ it happened long ago/not long ago cela s'est passé il y a longtemps/il n'y a pas longtemps;∎ as long ago as 1937 déjà en 1937;∎ long before you were born bien avant que tu sois né;∎ not long before/after their divorce peu avant/après leur divorce;∎ the decision had been taken long before la décision avait été prise depuis longtemps;∎ long after or afterwards, when these events were mostly forgotten... bien après, alors que ces évènements étaient presque complètement oubliés...;∎ colleagues long since promoted des collègues promus depuis longtemps;∎ a law which had come into force not long since une loi qui était entrée en vigueur depuis peu;∎ to look at sb/sth long and hard fixer qn/qch longuement;∎ figurative to look at sth long and hard se pencher longuement sur qch;∎ I've thought long and hard about this j'y ai longuement réfléchi;∎ we talked long into the night nous avons parlé jusque tard dans la nuit(b) (with "be", "take")∎ will you be long? tu en as pour longtemps?;∎ I won't be long je n'en ai pas pour longtemps;∎ please wait, she won't be long attendez, s'il vous plaît, elle ne va pas tarder;∎ are you going to be much longer? tu en as encore pour longtemps?;∎ how much longer will he be? (when will he be ready?) il en a encore pour longtemps?; (when will he arrive?) dans combien de temps sera-t-il là?;∎ don't be or take too long fais vite;∎ it wasn't long before he realized, it didn't take long for him to realize il n'a pas mis longtemps à s'en rendre compte, il s'en est vite rendu compte;∎ he wasn't long in coming il n'a pas tardé à venir;∎ he took or it took him so long to make up his mind... il a mis si longtemps à se décider..., il lui a fallu tellement de temps pour se décider...;∎ how long does it take to get there? combien de temps faut-il pour y aller?;∎ this won't take long ça va être vite fait;∎ this won't take longer than five minutes ça sera fait en moins de cinq minutes(c) (in wishes, toasts)∎ long may our partnership continue! à notre collaboration!;∎ long live the Queen! vive la reine!(d) (for a long time) depuis longtemps;∎ it has long been known that... on sait depuis longtemps que...;∎ I have long suspected that he was involved in it cela fait longtemps que je le soupçonne ou je le soupçonne depuis longtemps d'être impliqué là-dedans;∎ the longest-running TV series le feuilleton télévisé qui existe depuis le plus longtemps∎ all day/week long toute la journée/la semaine;∎ all my life long toute ma vie∎ to go long acheter à la hausse, prendre une position longue;∎ to buy long acheter à long terme∎ so long! salut!, à bientôt!□∎ I long for him il me manque énormément;∎ she was longing for a letter from you elle attendait impatiemment que vous lui écriviez;∎ we were longing for a cup of tea nous avions très envie d'une tasse de thé;∎ to long or to be longing to do sth être impatient ou avoir hâte de faire qch;∎ he's longing to go back to Italy il meurt d'envie de retourner en Italie;∎ I was longing to tell her the truth je mourais d'envie de lui dire la vérité;∎ I've been longing to meet you for years cela fait des années que je souhaite faire votre connaissanceStock Exchange titres mpl longs, obligations fpl longues(a) (during the time that) aussi longtemps que, tant que;∎ as long as he's in power, there will be no hope tant qu'il sera au pouvoir, il n'y aura aucun espoir;∎ I'll never forget that day for as long as I live jamais de ma vie je n'oublierai ce jour(b) (providing) à condition que, pourvu que;∎ you can have it as long as you give me it back vous pouvez le prendre à condition que ou pourvu que vous me le rendiez;∎ I'll do it as long as I get paid for it je le ferai à condition d'être payé;∎ you can go out as long as you're back before midnight tu peux sortir à condition de rentrer avant minuit;∎ as long as you're happy du moment que tu es heureux∎ as long as you're going to the post office get me some stamps puisque tu vas à la poste, achète-moi des timbres(soon) dans peu de temps, sous peu; (soon afterwards) peu (de temps) après;∎ she'll be back before long elle sera de retour dans peu de temps ou sous peu;∎ before long, everything had returned to normal tout était rapidement rentré dans l'ordrelongtemps;∎ he's still in charge here, but not for long c'est encore lui qui s'en occupe, mais plus pour longtempsne...plus;∎ not any longer plus maintenant;∎ she no longer loves him elle ne l'aime plus;∎ I can't wait any longer je ne peux pas attendre plus longtemps, je ne peux plus attendre;∎ they used to live there, but not any longer ils habitaient là autrefois, mais plus maintenant►► long black grand café m noir;Finance long credit crédit m à long terme;long dress (for evening wear) robe f longue;long drink long drink m; (non-alcoholic) = grand verre de jus de fruits, de limonade etc;Finance long hedge couverture f longue, achat m par couverture;Long Island Long Island;∎ on Long Island à Long Island;Long Island iced tea = cocktail composé de cinq alcools, de bitter et de Coca-Cola;familiar long johns caleçon m long□, caleçons mpl longs□ ;Sport long jump saut m en longueur;Sport long jumper sauteur(euse) m,f en longueur;History the Long March la Longue Marche;American long pants pantalon m long;the Long Parliament le Long Parlement, = Parlement convoqué par Charles Ier en 1640, renvoyé par Cromwell en 1653 et dissous en 1660;long pig chair f humaine;Stock Exchange long position position f acheteur ou longue;∎ to take a long position acheter à la hausse, prendre une position longue;long shot (competitor, racehorse etc) outsider m; (bet) pari m risqué; Cinema plan m éloigné; figurative entreprise f hasardeuse;∎ it's a bit of a long shot il y a peu de chances pour que cela réussisse;∎ it's a bit of a long shot, but we may be successful c'est une entreprise hasardeuse mais nous réussirons peut-être;∎ I haven't finished, not by a long shot je n'ai pas fini, loin de là;Technology long ton tonne f anglaise;long trousers pantalon m long;University long vacation grandes vacances fpl, vacances fpl d'été;long view prévisions fpl à long terme;∎ to take the long view envisager les choses à long terme;long vodka = cocktail à base de vodka, de bitter, de sirop de citron vert et de soda ou limonade;Radio long wave grandes ondes fpl;∎ on long wave sur les grandes ondes;long weekend week-end m prolongé;∎ to take a long weekend prendre un week-end prolongé -
35 rot
rot
1. past tense, past participle - rotted; verb(to make or become bad or decayed: The fruit is rotting on the ground; Water rots wood.) pudrir, corromper, descomponer
2. noun1) (decay: The floorboards are affected by rot.) putrefacción, podredumbre2) (nonsense: Don't talk rot!) tonterías, bobadas•- rotten- rottenness
- rotter
rot vb pudrirseput the fruit in the fridge, or it will rot mete la fruta en la nevera, o se pudrirátr[rɒt]1 (decay) putrefacción nombre femenino2 (rubbish) tonterías nombre femenino plural1 pudrir1 pudrirse: pudrirse, descomponerserot vt: pudrir, descomponerrot n: putrefacción f, descomposición f, podredumbre fn.• podredumbre s.f.• pudrición s.f.• pudrimiento s.m.• putrefacción s.f.• úlcera s.f.v.• podrir v.• pudrir v.rot*n.• tonterías s.f.pl.rɑːt, rɒt
I
mass nouna) ( Biol) podredumbre f, putrefacción fthe rot set in — las cosas empezaron a decaer or a venirse abajo
b) ( nonsense) (esp BrE colloq) tonterías fpl
II
1.
- tt- intransitive verb \<\<plant/flesh\>\> pudrirse*to rot away — pudrirse*
2.
vt \<\<woodee\>\> pudrir*[rɒt]sugar rots the teeth — el azúcar pica or caria los dientes
1. N1) (=process) putrefacción f ; (=substance) podredumbre f- stop the rotoh rot!, what rot! — ¡qué tonterías!
don't talk rot! — ¡no digas bobadas!
2.VT pudrir, descomponer3.VI pudrirse, descomponerseyou can rot for all I care! — ¡que te pudras!
- rot away* * *[rɑːt, rɒt]
I
mass nouna) ( Biol) podredumbre f, putrefacción fthe rot set in — las cosas empezaron a decaer or a venirse abajo
b) ( nonsense) (esp BrE colloq) tonterías fpl
II
1.
- tt- intransitive verb \<\<plant/flesh\>\> pudrirse*to rot away — pudrirse*
2.
vt \<\<wood/tree\>\> pudrir*sugar rots the teeth — el azúcar pica or caria los dientes
-
36 chalk
I 1. [tʃɔːk]nome gesso m.2.1) art. [ drawing] a, con i gessettichalk mark — (on blackboard) segno o traccia di gesso; sart. segno (fatto con il gessetto)
2) [ cliff] gessoso••II [tʃɔːk]not by a long chalk! — colloq. proprio per niente!
1) (write) scrivere con il gesso2) (apply chalk to) trattare con gesso, gessare•- chalk up* * *[ o:k]1) (a white rock; a type of limestone.) gesso2) ((a piece of) a chalk-like substance used for writing (especially on blackboards): a box of chalks.) gessetto•- chalky- chalkboard* * *[tʃɔːk]1. na (piece of) chalk — un gesso, (child's) un gessetto
not by a long chalk fam — proprio per niente or nulla, niente affatto
2. vt•- chalk up* * *chalk /tʃɔ:k/n.2 [uc] gesso ( per scrivere, disegnare); gessetto: a piece of chalk, un gesso; un gessetto; coloured chalks, gessetti colorati; chalk drawing, disegno con i gessetti colorati; chalk mark, segno fatto col gesso; chalk pit, cava di gesso; chalk-stripe, righina bianca ( su stoffa); (a. attr.) ( di abito) gessato● (GB) chalk and talk, metodi di insegnamento tradizionali ( che usano le parole e la lavagna) □ (fam. USA) chalk talk, lezione o conferenza con uso di gesso e lavagna □ as like (o as different) as chalk and cheese, diversissimi; diversi come più non si potrebbe □ (GB) by a long chalk, di gran lunga □ (fam.) not by a long chalk, per niente; niente affatto.(to) chalk /tʃɔ:k/v. t.1 scrivere, disegnare col gesso2 strofinare, sfregare col gesso: to chalk a cue, strofinare col gesso la punta di una stecca da biliardo3 (tecn.) trattare con gesso4 (GB) segnare sul conto (di q.)5 (agric.) gessare; ammendare, fertilizzare col gesso.* * *I 1. [tʃɔːk]nome gesso m.2.1) art. [ drawing] a, con i gessettichalk mark — (on blackboard) segno o traccia di gesso; sart. segno (fatto con il gessetto)
2) [ cliff] gessoso••II [tʃɔːk]not by a long chalk! — colloq. proprio per niente!
1) (write) scrivere con il gesso2) (apply chalk to) trattare con gesso, gessare•- chalk up -
37 pitch
I [pɪtʃ]1) sport campo m. (sportivo)2) mus. tono m., tonalità f.; (of note, voice) tono m., altezza f.3) (degree) grado m.; (highest point) colmo m.4) (sales talk) parlantina f.5) ing. mar. pece f. nera6) BE (for street trader) posteggio m.7) ing. (of roof) inclinazione f., pendenza f.II 1. [pɪtʃ] 2.1) (be thrown) [rider, passenger] cadere2) mar.3) AE (in baseball) servire•- pitch in* * *I 1. [pi ] verb1) (to set up (a tent or camp): They pitched their tent in the field.)2) (to throw: He pitched the stone into the river.)3) (to (cause to) fall heavily: He pitched forward.)4) ((of a ship) to rise and fall violently: The boat pitched up and down on the rough sea.)5) (to set (a note or tune) at a particular level: He pitched the tune too high for my voice.)2. noun1) (the field or ground for certain games: a cricket-pitch; a football pitch.)2) (the degree of highness or lowness of a musical note, voice etc.)3) (an extreme point or intensity: His anger reached such a pitch that he hit her.)4) (the part of a street etc where a street-seller or entertainer works: He has a pitch on the High Street.)5) (the act of pitching or throwing or the distance something is pitched: That was a long pitch.)6) ((of a ship) the act of pitching.)•- - pitched- pitcher
- pitched battle
- pitchfork II [pi ] noun(a thick black substance obtained from tar: as black as pitch.)- pitch-dark* * *I [pɪtʃ] n(tar) pece fII [pɪtʃ]1. n1) esp Brit Sport campo2) (angle, slope: of roof) inclinazione f3) Naut Aer beccheggio4) (of note, voice, instrument) intonazione f, altezza, (fig: degree) grado, puntoat its (highest) pitch — al massimo, al colmo
his anger reached such a pitch that... — la sua furia raggiunse un punto tale che...
5) fam, (also: sales pitch) discorsetto imbonitore6) Mountaineering tiro di corda7) (throw) lancio2. vt1) (throw: ball, object) lanciare, (hay) sollevare col forconehe was pitched off his horse — fu sbalzato da cavallo or disarcionato
2) (Mus: song) intonare, (note) dareto pitch it too strong fam — esagerare, calcare troppo la mano
3) (set up: tent) piantare3. vi1) (fall) cascare, cadere2) Naut, (Aer) beccheggiare•- pitch in* * *pitch (1) /pɪtʃ/n. [u]● pitch-black, nero come la pece □ (stor.) pitch-cap, copricapo impeciato ( strumento di tortura) □ pitch dark, buio pesto □ pitch darkness, completa oscurità □ (bot., USA; spec. Pinus rigida) pitch pine, pitch pine, pino rosso.♦ pitch (2) /pɪtʃ/n.2 [u] (naut., aeron.) beccheggio6 (fig.) culmine, apice, punto massimo; colmo: the pitch of merriment, il colmo (o il massimo) dell'allegria7 (fig.) grado; punto: The party was at the highest pitch of excitement, la festa era giunta al punto più alto (o al culmine) dell'eccitazione9 (comm.) quantità di merce esposta in vendita12 ( sport: baseball, cricket, calcio, hockey) campo (di gioco); ( anche) fattore campo: off the pitch, fuori dal campo di gioco; non in campo; pitch invasion, invasione di campo; pitch-side, bordo campo13 (fig., fam.) discorsetto; imbonimento; tirata imbonitoria: (comm.) sales pitch, la tirata imbonitoria del venditore; to have a good sales pitch, sapere vendere la propria merce15 [u] (fam.) abbordaggio; approccio amoroso● (mecc.) pitch circle, circonferenza primitiva ( di una ruota dentata) □ (mecc.) pitch cone, cono primitivo □ (mus.) pitch-pipe, strumento a fiato per accordare; corista □ to fly a high pitch, ( di falco, ecc.) volare fino al punto più alto ( prima di gettarsi sulla preda); (fig.) mirare in alto, fare progetti ambiziosi (o voli di fantasia) □ ( USA) to make a pitch for sb., cercare di abbordare q.; provarci con q.; tentare un approccio amoroso con q. □ ( USA) to make a pitch for st., spezzare una lancia in favore di qc. □ (fig.) to queer sb. 's pitch, guastare i piani a q.; rompere le uova nel paniere a q. (fig.).(to) pitch (1) /pɪtʃ/v. t.impeciare.(to) pitch (2) /pɪtʃ/A v. t.1 piantare; fissare; rizzare: to pitch a tent, piantare una tenda; to pitch a camp, fissare il campo; accamparsi3 (mus.) accordare; intonare ( uno strumento, ecc.); impostare ( la voce): to pitch a melody in a higher key, intonare una melodia in chiave più altaB v. i.2 cadere; stramazzare: to pitch on one's head, cadere a capofitto; to pitch out of the window, cadere dalla finestra3 (naut., aeron.) beccheggiare4 (aeron.) impennarsi; picchiare6 ( del tetto, ecc.) avere una (certa) pendenza (o inclinazione): The roof of the barn pitches sharply, il tetto del granaio ha una forte pendenza● ( cricket) to pitch a good length, fare un bel lancio lungo □ to pitch hay, caricare fieno ( gettandolo coi forconi sui carri) □ (fig.) to pitch one's tent, piantar le tende, stabilirsi ( in un luogo) □ to be pitched off one's horse, essere disarcionato.* * *I [pɪtʃ]1) sport campo m. (sportivo)2) mus. tono m., tonalità f.; (of note, voice) tono m., altezza f.3) (degree) grado m.; (highest point) colmo m.4) (sales talk) parlantina f.5) ing. mar. pece f. nera6) BE (for street trader) posteggio m.7) ing. (of roof) inclinazione f., pendenza f.II 1. [pɪtʃ] 2.1) (be thrown) [rider, passenger] cadere2) mar.3) AE (in baseball) servire•- pitch in -
38 subject
1. n предмет, тема2. n сюжет, тема3. n предмет, дисциплина4. n объект, предмет5. n мед. труп6. n повод, основаниеI have very few thoughts on the subject — у меня мало соображений по этому поводу, мне почти нечего сказать по этому вопросу
7. n подданный8. n субъект, человекa good hypnotic subject — человек, легко поддающийся гипнозу
9. n грам. подлежащее10. n филос. юр. субстанция, реальность11. n филос. юр. муз. тема12. a подчинённый, зависимый, подвластный13. a подверженный, склонный14. a подлежащий; зависящий, обусловленныйan article subject to duty — предмет, подлежащий обложению пошлиной
15. a информ. предметныйsubject index — предметный указатель; индекс
16. v подчинять, покорять17. v подвергать18. v представлятьСинонимический ряд:1. dependent (adj.) collateral; conditional; conditioned; contingent; dependent; inferior; relative; reliant; secondary; sub; subjacent; subjected; subordinate; subservient; tributary; under2. liable (adj.) exposed; liable; obnoxious; open; prone; sensitive; susceptible; vulnerable3. argument (noun) argument; content; head; matter; motif; motive; object; point; subject matter; substance; text; theme; thesis; topic4. course (noun) course; discipline; study5. dependent (noun) dependent; minion; subordinate6. field (noun) arena; department; field7. follower (noun) follower; liege; serf; vassal8. national (noun) citizen; national9. control (verb) control; dominate; enslave; enthral; govern; influence; subdue; subjugate; subordinate; suppress10. endanger (verb) endanger; submit11. expose (verb) expose; lay open; make liable; uncoverАнтонимический ряд:free; impervious; independent; indisposed; king; protect; superior -
39 Mind
It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)[Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive AnalysesRecent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind
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40 hard
1. adjective1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) duro; sólido2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) difícil3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) severo; rudo; seco4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) duro, severo, riguroso5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) duro, difícil6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) dura
2. adverb1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) duro, con ahínco2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) fuerte, fuertemente3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) fijamente4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) completamente, totalmente•- harden- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up
hard1 adj1. duro2. difícilhard2 adv1. mucho2. duro / fuertehit him hard! ¡pégale duro!tr[hɑːd]2 (difficult) difícil3 (harsh) severo,-a4 (work) arduo,-a, penoso,-a, agotador,-ra5 figurative use cruel, rudo,-a6 (fight, match) reñido,-a, disputado,-a; (decision) injusto,-a8 (final decision) definitivo,-a, irrevocable; (person) severo,-a, inflexible9 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL fuerte1 (forcibly) fuerte; (diligently) mucho, de firme, concienzudamente, con ahínco\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLhard of hearing duro,-a de oídoto be hard done by sentirse mal tratado,-a, ser tratado,-a injustamenteto be hard hit by figurative use quedar muy afectado,-a porto be hard on somebody figurative use tratar a alguien con severidad, tratar a alguien con durezato be hard on somebody's heels figurative use pisar los talones a alguiento be hard pushed to do something figurative use verse apurado,-a para realizar algoto be hard up familiar estar sin blancato drive a hard bargain figurative use negociar con durezato have a hard time familiar pasarlo canutas, pasarlo malto take something very hard tomar algo muy a pecho, encajar algo muy malto work hard trabajar muchohard drinker bebedor,-ra empedernido,-ahard evidence pruebas nombre femenino plural definitivashard labour trabajos nombre masculino plural forzadoshard luck mala suertehard ['hɑrd] adv1) forcefully: fuerte, con fuerzathe wind blew hard: el viento sopló fuerte2) strenuously: duro, muchoto work hard: trabajar duro3)to take something hard : tomarse algo muy mal, estar muy afectado por algohard adj1) firm, solid: duro, firme, sólido2) difficult: difícil, arduo3) severe: severo, duroa hard winter: un invierno severo4) unfeeling: insensible, duro5) diligent: diligenteto be a hard worker: ser muy trabajador6)hard liquor : bebidas fpl fuertes7)hard water : agua f duraadj.• arduo, -a adj.• calloso, -a adj.• dificultoso, -a adj.• difícil adj.• duro, -a adj.• endurecido, -a adj.• firme adj.• fuerte adj.• laborioso, -a adj.• peliagudo, -a adj.• recio, -a adj.• rudo, -a adj.• sólido, -a adj.• terco, -a adj.• tieso, -a adj.adv.• apretadamente adv.• difícilmente adv.• duro adv.• mucho adv.• recio adv.• tieso adv.
I hɑːrd, hɑːdadjective -er, -est1)a) (firm, solid) <object/surface> duroto set hard — endurecerse*
to freeze hard — helarse*
b) ( forceful) <push/knock> fuerte2)he's hard to please — es difícil de complacer, es exigente
b) ( severe) <winter/climate/master> duro, severoto give somebody a hard time — hacérselas* pasar mal a alguien
c) (tough, cynical) <person/attitude> duro, insensible3) (concentrated, strenuous)to take a long hard look at something — analizar* seriamente algo
5) (sharp, harsh) <light/voice> fuerte; < expression> duro6)a) ( in strongest forms)hard drugs — drogas fpl duras
hard liquor — bebidas fpl (alcohólicas) fuertes
b) ( Fin)hard currency — divisa f or moneda f fuerte
c) < water> durod) ( Ling) <sound/consonant> fuerte
II
adverb -er, -est1)a) ( with force) <pull/push> con fuerza; < hit> fuerteb) ( strenuously) < work> mucho, duro, duramenteto be hard put o (BrE also) pushed to + inf: you'd be hard put (to it) to find a better doctor — sería difícil encontrar un médico mejor
2) ( heavily) <rain/snow> fuerte, mucho; <pant/breathe> pesadamente3) ( severely)[hɑːd]to be/feel hard done by: she thinks she has been o she feels hard done by — piensa que la han tratado injustamente
1. ADJ(compar harder) (superl hardest)1) (=not soft) [object, substance, cheese, skin] duro; [ground, snow] duro, compacto•
to become or go hard — ponerse duro, endurecerse•
the water is very hard here — aquí el agua es muy dura or tiene mucha cal- be as hard as nails- as hard as a rocknut2) (=harsh, severe) [climate, winter, person] duro, severo; [frost] fuerte; [words, tone] duro, áspero; [expression, eyes, voice] serio, duro; [drink, liquor] fuerte; [drugs] duro; [fact] concreto; [evidence] irrefutable•
a hard blow — (fig) un duro golpe•
to take a long hard look at sth — examinar algo detenidamente•
to be hard on sb — ser muy duro con algn, darle duro a algn (LAm)don't be so hard on him, it's not his fault — no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya
aren't you being a bit hard on yourself? — ¿no estás siendo un poco duro contigo mismo?
- be as hard as nailsfeeling3) (=strenuous, tough) [work, day] duro; [fight, match] muy reñidophew, that was hard work! — ¡uf!, ¡ha costado lo suyo!
coping with three babies is very hard work — tres bebés dan mucha tarea or mucho trabajo, arreglárselas con tres bebés es una dura or ardua tarea
it's hard work getting her to talk about herself — cuesta mucho or resulta muy trabajoso hacerla hablar sobre sí misma
4) (=difficult) [exam, decision, choice] difícilto be hard to do: it's hard to study on your own — es difícil estudiar por tu cuenta
I find it hard to believe that... — me cuesta (trabajo) creer que...
bargain, play 3., 4)to be hard to please — ser muy exigente or quisquilloso
5) (=tough, unpleasant) [life, times] duroit's a hard life! — ¡qué vida más dura!
those were hard times to live in — aquellos eran tiempos duros, la vida era dura en aquellos tiempos
- take a hard line against/over sthgoing, hard-line, hard-linerhard lines! — ¡qué mala suerte!, ¡qué mala pata! *
6) (=forceful) [push, tug, kick] fuerte7) (Phon, Ling) [sound] fuerte; [consonant] oclusivo2. ADV(compar harder) (superl hardest)1) (=with a lot of effort) [work] duro, mucho; [study] muchohe had worked hard all his life — había trabajado duro or mucho toda su vida
he works very hard — trabaja muy duro, trabaja mucho
he was hard at work in the garden — estaba trabajando afanosamente or con ahínco en el jardín
•
he was breathing hard — respiraba con dificultad•
we're saving hard for our holidays — estamos ahorrando todo lo que podemos para las vacaciones, estamos ahorrando al máximo para las vacaciones•
to try hard, she always tries hard — siempre se esfuerza muchoI can't do it, no matter how hard I try — no puedo hacerlo, por mucho que lo intente
to be hard at it —
Bill was hard at it in the garden * — Bill se estaba empleando a fondo en el jardín, Bill estaba dándole duro al jardín *
2) (=with force) [hit] fuerte, duro; [pull, push, blow] con fuerza; [snow, rain] fuerte, mucho•
the government decided to clamp down hard on terrorism — el gobierno decidió tomar medidas duras contra el terrorismo•
she was feeling hard done by — pensaba que la habían tratado injustamenteto hit sb hard — (fig) ser un duro golpe para algn
California has been (particularly) hard hit by the crisis — California (en particular) se ha visto seriamente afectada por la crisis
•
I would be hard pushed or put to think of another plan — me resultaría difícil pensar en otro planwe'll be hard pushed or put to finish this tonight! — ¡nos va a ser difícil terminar esto esta noche!
•
to take sth hard — tomarse algo muy mal *he took it pretty hard — se lo tomó muy mal, fue un duro golpe para él, le golpeó mucho (LAm)
•
to be hard up * — estar pelado *, no tener un duro (Sp) *hard-pressedto be hard up for sth — estar falto or escaso de algo
3) (=solid)•
to freeze hard — quedarse congelado4) (=intently) [listen] atentamente; [concentrate] al máximo•
to look hard (at sth) — fijarse mucho (en algo)•
think hard before you make a decision — piénsalo muy bien antes de tomar una decisiónI thought hard but I couldn't remember his name — por más que pensé or por más vueltas que le di no pude recordar su nombre
5) (=sharply)6) (=closely)•
hard behind sth — justo detrás de algoI hurried upstairs with my sister hard behind me — subí las escaleras corriendo con mi hermana que venía justo detrás
heelthe launch of the book followed hard upon the success of the film — el lanzamiento del libro se produjo justo después del éxito de la película
3.CPDhard centre, hard center (US) N — relleno m duro
hard cider (US) N — sidra f
hard copy N — (Comput) copia f impresa
hard-corethe hard core N — (=intransigents) los incondicionales, el núcleo duro
hard court N — (Tennis) cancha f (de tenis) de cemento, pista f (de tenis) de cemento
hard currency N — moneda f fuerte, divisa f fuerte
hard disk N — (Comput) disco m duro
hard goods NPL — productos mpl no perecederos
hard hat N — (=riding hat) gorra f de montar; [of construction worker] casco m; (=construction worker) albañil mf
hard landing N — aterrizaje m duro
the hard left N — (esp Brit) la extrema izquierda, la izquierda radical
hard luck N — mala suerte f
•
to be hard luck on sb, it was hard luck on him — tuvo mala suertehard luck! — ¡(qué) mala suerte!
hard palate N — paladar m
the hard right N — (esp Brit) la extrema derecha, la derecha radical
hard rock N — (Mus) rock m duro
hard sell tactics — táctica fsing de venta agresiva
hard sell techniques — técnicas fpl de venta agresiva
hard shoulder N — (Brit) (Aut) arcén m, hombrillo m
hard stuff * N — (=alcohol) alcohol m duro, bebidas fpl fuertes; (=drugs) droga f dura
hard top N — (=car) coche m no descapotable; (=car roof) techo m rígido
hard water N — agua f dura, agua f con mucha cal
* * *
I [hɑːrd, hɑːd]adjective -er, -est1)a) (firm, solid) <object/surface> duroto set hard — endurecerse*
to freeze hard — helarse*
b) ( forceful) <push/knock> fuerte2)he's hard to please — es difícil de complacer, es exigente
b) ( severe) <winter/climate/master> duro, severoto give somebody a hard time — hacérselas* pasar mal a alguien
c) (tough, cynical) <person/attitude> duro, insensible3) (concentrated, strenuous)to take a long hard look at something — analizar* seriamente algo
5) (sharp, harsh) <light/voice> fuerte; < expression> duro6)a) ( in strongest forms)hard drugs — drogas fpl duras
hard liquor — bebidas fpl (alcohólicas) fuertes
b) ( Fin)hard currency — divisa f or moneda f fuerte
c) < water> durod) ( Ling) <sound/consonant> fuerte
II
adverb -er, -est1)a) ( with force) <pull/push> con fuerza; < hit> fuerteb) ( strenuously) < work> mucho, duro, duramenteto be hard put o (BrE also) pushed to + inf: you'd be hard put (to it) to find a better doctor — sería difícil encontrar un médico mejor
2) ( heavily) <rain/snow> fuerte, mucho; <pant/breathe> pesadamente3) ( severely)to be/feel hard done by: she thinks she has been o she feels hard done by — piensa que la han tratado injustamente
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