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121 ἰ̄θύς
ἰ̄θύςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `straight, just', also adv. (beside rare ἰθύ, ἰθέως) `straightforward' (Il.; cf. on εὑθύς); superl. ἰθύντατα (Hom.; after ἰθύνω?, diff. Schwyzer 534).Compounds: Often as 1. member (s. Strömberg Prefix Studies 156), e. g. ἰθυ-ωρίη, see on εὑθυωρία. ἰθυ-βέλεια epithet of Artemis `whose arrows go straight' (ZPE 88, 1991, 70 l. 11, Ia).Derivatives: 1. ἰθύ̄ς f. `straight direction, enterprise', only in acc. ἀν' ἰθύν, πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν etc. (Hom.); for the explanation Schwyzer 463 w. n. 8, Frisk Eranos 43, 221. 2. ἰθύτης f. `id.' (Aret.). Denomin. verbs: 1. ἰθύω, aor. ἰθῦσαι, also with ἐπι-, `go straight, be eager, desire' (Il.); 2. ἰθύνω, aor. ἰθῦναι, pass. ἰθυνθῆναι, also with prefix, δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, κατ-ιθύνω etc., `make straight, direct, steer, lead' (Il.; Schwyzer 733) with ἰθυντήρ `who steers, leader' (Theoc., A. R.), f. ἰθύντειρα (Orph. A. 352), adj. - τήριος `steering, leading' (S. Ichn. 73); also ἰθύντωρ (Orph.), ἰθύντης (H.) `id.'; postverbal ἴθυνα = εὔθυνα (Chios V-IVa).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The comparison with Skt. sādhú- `straight, just' (beside sā́dhati, sādhnoti `come to a goal') with Skt. zero grade in sídhyati `id.', ptc. siddha-, gives * s(e)Hdh-; Pok. 892. (Earlier reconstructions with a long diphtong can now be forgotten.) Here perhaps also Arm. aǰ `dexter, straight' \< *seh₂dhi̯o-, poss. *sHdhi̯o- (Lidén Armen. Stud. 75f.). Older lit. in Bq. Wrong Sommer IF 11, 208, Wood ClassPhil. 7, 324, id. Mod. langu. notes 18, 13f. From this form the Greek forms cannot be explained. A Cret. fem. εἰθεῖα confirmes a form *εἰθύς, Lamberterie (1990) 287f. Cf. εἶθαρ, εὐθύς.Page in Frisk: 1,716Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰ̄θύς
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122 ἴκμενος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of οὖρος `wind' (Α 479, Od.), athematic ptc. like ἄρμενος, ἄσμενος a. o. (Schwyzer 524, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 384), perh. orig. sigmatic (Schwyzer 751).Etymology: Prob. from ἵκω, ἱκέσθαι `come', but prop. meaning unclear: perh. "with whom one advances, with whom one advances well" (Schwyzer), i. e. `favourable'. Acc. to Schulze Q. 493, Bechtel Lex., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 52 n. 2 (p. 53) however `desired' (cf. Lat. flatus optati), to προ-ΐκτης, ἱκετεύω etc., and like these not from ἵκω `come', but from a verb `ask' (Goth. aihtron; also αἰκάζει καλεῖ H.). Casevits, Eos 83 (1995[98]) 27-32 proposes that the word belongs to ἔοικα, *Ϝίκμενος, `qui convient, adapté à'; but the development of the meaning is hard to understand, one expects `which resembles'.Page in Frisk: 1,717-718Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴκμενος
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123 ἴκτερος
Grammatical information: m., often pl.Derivatives: ἰκτερικός, ἰκτερώδης `jaundiced, regarding jaundice' (medic.), also ἰκτεριώδης `id.' (Hp., Dsc.; after ἰκτεριάω) and ἰκτερόεις `id.' (Nic.; Schwyzer 527); ἰκτερῖτις f. `rosmarin' (Ps.-Dsc.; used as remedy; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72, Strömberg Wortstudien 29), - ίτης `id.' ( Gloss.); ἰκτερίας name of a yellow stone (Plin.; like καπνίας a. o., Chantr. Form. 94). Denomin. ἰκτερόομαι (Hp., Gal.), ἰκτεριάω (M. Ant., S. E.; formation Schwyzer 732) `have jaundice'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Formation as ὕδερος, χολέρα (Schwyzer 481, Chantr. Form. 228), further unknown. The connection with ἴκτις, ἰκτῖνος (Prellwitz BB 30, 176, Wb. 195; because of the colour) is taken up again by Grošelj Živa Ant. 6, 236f. assuming a colour-root ἰκ- `yellow, green' (with also ἰκμαλέον χλωρόν, ὑγρόν H. [?]). Wrong old attempts in Bq (also Walleser WuS 14, 165 u. 173). Fur. 321 thinks the group - κτ- points to Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,719Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴκτερος
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124 ἵκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `come, reach' (Hom., Pi. Dor. Arc.)Other forms: ἱκάνω (ep.), ἱκνέομαι (Od., almost only with prefix, s. below), aor. ἱκέσθαι, fut. ἵξομαι (Il.) with aor. ἷξε, ἷξον (Schwyzer 788, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 418f., Leumann Glotta 32, 213), perf. ἷγμαι (Od.).Compounds: Often, in prose almost always with prefix, esp. ἀφ-, ἀπ- (with εἰσ-, συν-αφ-ικνέομαι a. o.), also ἐξ-, ἐφ-, καθ- a. o. (s. Fraenkel Glotta 35, 88ff.)Derivatives: 1. ἵξις ( ἴξις) `passage through, direction' (Hp.), from ἀφικνέομαι etc. ἄφιξις `arrival' (IA), rare ἔφ-, κάθ-, δί-ιξις; 2. ἵκτωρ, ἱκτήρ = ἱκέτης, ἱκέσιος, also προσ-, ἀφ-ίκτωρ `id.', (trag.) with ἱκτήριος (S.); on a semantic differentiation Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; 3. ἱκέτης with ἱκετεύω etc. s. v.; beside it ( προσ-)ἵκτης (hell. poetry); 4. πόθ-ικ-ες pl. `προσήκοντες, relatives' (Tegea Va); 5. ἱκανός `enough' (IA prose), cf. πιθανός a. o. (Chantr. Form. 196f.); s. also ἴκμενος, προίξ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [893] * seik- reach, grasp (with the hand)'Etymology: Beside the longvowel active thematic root-present ἵ̄κω (orig. perfect? Wackernagel Glotta 14, 56ff.) stands the shortvowel medial thematic root-aorist ἱκέσθαι; shortvowel have also active ἱκά̄νω \< *ἱκ-αν-Ϝω (after φθάνω, κιχάνω, Schwyzer 698 w. n. 3) and medial ἱκνέομαι (Schwyzer 696a, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 352f.), also ἱκανός and other nominal formations. The full grade occurs in the semantically deviant ἐν-εῖκαι `bring away' (s. v.) (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 92); beside it stand longvowel forms not only in ἵ̄κω, but also in ἥκω (s. v.). One earlier assumed longdiphthong forms ēi: ī, which is now rejected. - An acceptable connection gives Lith. siékiu, siékti `reach with the hand, swear', at-siékiu `reach with the hand' (Fick GGA 1891, 207), IE seik-, sik- (Bq, Pok. 893); Schmid IF 62, 229 n. 41 recalls Toch. B sik-naṃ, subbj. saikaṃ `set a foot'; the longvowel forms can be morphological reations of Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,719-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵκω
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125 ἱλάσκομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `appease, be merciful', perf. intr. and aor. pass. `be gracious' (Il.)Other forms: rarely ἵλαμαι (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. ἵλασθαι Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), ἱλάονται (Β 550, ἱλάεσθαι A. R. 2, 847); aor. ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), ἱλάξασθαι (Delph., A. R.), pass. ἱλασθῆναι (LXX); fut. ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), ἱλάξομαι (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. ἔλλαθι (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. ἔλλατε (Call. Fr. 121); besides ἵλᾰθι, ἵλᾰτε (Theoc., A. R.), ἵληθι (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. ἱλήκῃσι (φ 365), opt. ἱλήκοι etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐξ-,Derivatives: ἐξίλασις, ( ἐξ-)ἱλασμός (LXX), ἱλασία (inscr. Rom. empire), ( ἐξ-)ἵλασμα `appeasement, expiatory sacrifice' (LXX), ἱλάσιμος `appeasing' (M.Ant.; after ἰάσιμος a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 93), ἱλαστήριος `appeasing', - ιον `propitiatory gift' (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) ἱλατήριον ( Chron. Lind.), ἱλαστής `appeaser' (Aq., Thd.) with ἐξιλαστικός (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. ἵλαος (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the α below), ἵλεως (Att., also Ion.), ἵλεος (Cret. since IIIa, also Hdt.), hιλέ̄Ϝο̄ι dat. (Lac., IG 5: 1, 1562, VI-Va), ἴλλαος (Aeol., gramm.) `merciful, benevolent'; Arc. `appeased'; denomin. verb ἱλαόομαι ( ΜΑΜΑ 1, 230), ἱλεῶμαι, ἱλεόομαι (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) `appease' with ἱλέωσις (Plu.), ἱλεωτήριον (Phot., Suid.). 2. ἱλαρός `clear, glad', also = ἵλεως (Ar., X.) with ἱλαρότης, ἱλαρία, ἱλαρόω, - ρύνω, - ρεύομαι (hell.); Lat. loan hilarus, -is. 3. ἰλλάεις, - εντος (Alc.), ἱλᾶς, - ᾶντος (Hdn. Gr., H.) = ἴλλαος, ἵλαος and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. ἱλάειρα f. of φλόξ and σελήνη (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also ἑλάειρα (sch., Steph. Byz.) and ΕΛΕΡΑ (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after πίειρα, κτεάτειρα, Δάειρα etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative ἔλλαθι, ἔλλατε, for *σε-σλα-θι, - τε and so like τέ-τλα-θι, ἕ-στα-θι, δείδιθι = δέ-δϜι-θι to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des α in ἔλλᾱθι bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in ἵλᾱος (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA *εἵλαθι, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after φάνηθι etc. replaced by εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present ἱ̄λάσκομαι \< *σι-σλᾰ́-σκομαι, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. ἱλήκῃσι, ἱλήκοι for *εἱλ- (ind. *εἵληκα like εἴρηκα, τέ-τλη-κα), perh. also in ἵλᾰθι, - τε and Hom. ἵληθι (cf. εἵληθι H.), (or from *σι-σλη-θι). Also in the aorist- and future-forms ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι, ἱλάξασθαι, ἱλάσσομαι, ἱλάξομαι the length was introduced; beside it there is short in ἱλάσσεαι (Α 147), ἱλασσάμενοι (Α 100), ἵλαμαι (h. Hom.; but ἵ̄λασθαι Orph.), ἱλάομαι, also in ἱλαρός and ἱλάειρα (Emp. 85). The short ῐ- which is ununderstandable, may replace the ε- ( ἑλάειρα [s. above], *ἕλαμαι, *ἑλαρός) after ἱλάσκομαι. - Also ἵληϜος, ἵλεως, ἵλᾰος from reduplicated *σι-σλη-, σι-σλᾰ-. The old ablaut selǝ-: sleh₁-: slǝ- (cf. telǝ-: tlā-: tlǝ- in τελα-μών: ἔ-τλᾱ-ν: τέ-τλᾰ-θι) of which sla- is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. aɫač`em `pray' \< *slh₂-ske\/o- is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on *si-slh₂-ske\/o-; the aorist would have been * selh₂-s- of which the initial has been influenced by the present.Page in Frisk: 1,721-722Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱλάσκομαι
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126 ἵππος
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `horse, mare' (Il.), collective f. `cavalry' (IA)Compounds: Very often in compp.: bahuvrihi ( λεύκ-ιππος), governing compp. ( ἱππό-δαμ-ος, ἱππ-ηλά-της), determin. compp. ( ἱππο-τοξότης); with transformed 2. member ( ἱππο-πόταμος, ἵππ-αγρος for ἵππος ποτάμιος, ἄγριος, Risch IF 59, 287; ἱππο-κορυστής, s. κόρυς); with metr. conditioned ἱππιο- for ἱππο- in ἱππιο-χαίτης, - χάρμης (ep.). As 1. member also augmentative, esp in plant-names ( ἱππο-λάπαθον a. o., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).Derivatives: A. Substantives: diminut. ἱππάριον (X.), ἱππίσκος `(small) statue of a horse' (Samos IVa) etc., ἱππίδιον as fishname (Epich.; Strömberg Fischnamen 100). - ἱππότης m. `horse-, chariot-driver' (Il.; in Homer always ἱππότᾰ with voc. = nom.; see Risch Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 389ff), f. ἱππότις (Nonn.); ἱππεύς `horse-driver, chariot-fighter' (Il.), `cavalrist' (Sapph., A., Hdt.), `knight' as social class (Hdt., Ar., Arist.); from there ἱππεύω, s. C.; also as name of a comet like ἱππίας (Plin., Apul.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); ἱππών `stable' (Att. inscr., X.); ἱππάκη `cheese of mare-milk' (Hp.), also plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 136; formation like ἐριθάκη, ἁλωνάκη a. o.); ἵππερος "horse-fever" (Ar., like ἴκτερος, ὕδερος); ἱπποσύνη `art of driving, cavalry' (Il.; Urs Wyss Die Wörter auf - σύνη 23 u. 49). - B. Adjectives: ἱππάς f. `belonging to a horse, status and census of the knights in Athens' (Hp., Arist.); ἵππειος `belonging to a horse' (Il.); ἵππιος `id.' (Alc., Pi., trag.), often as epithet of gods (Poseidon, Athena etc.); from there Ίππιών as month-name (Eretria); ἱππικός `id.' (IA; Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 141); ἱππώδης `horse-like' (X.). - C. Verbs: 1. ἱππάζομαι, also with ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ- a. o., `drive horses, serve as riding-horse' (Il.) with ἱππασία, ἱππάσιμος, ἱππαστήρ, - άστρια, ἱππαστής, - αστικός, ἵππασμα, ἱππασμός. 2. ἱππεύω `id.' (IA), prop. from ἱππεύς, but also referring to ἵππος (Schwyzer 732), also with prefix, e. g. ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-, συν-; from there ἱππευτήρ, - τής, ἱππεία, ἵππευσις, ἵππευμα; details in Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 34f. - Further endless proper-names, both full- and short-names ( Ίππόλυτος, Ίππίας, Ι῝ππη etc.etc.). See E. Delebecque Le cheval dans l'Iliade. Paris 1951.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] *h₁eḱuos `horse'Etymology: Inherited word for `horse', e. g. Skt. áśva-, Lat. equus, Venet. acc. ekvon, Celt., e. g. OIr. ech, Germ., e. g. OE eoh, OLith. ešva `mare', Toch. B yakwe, perh. also Thrac. PN Βετεσπιος, give IE *h₁eḱu̯os; further HLuw. aśuwa, Lyc. esbe. From this form we expect Gr. *ἔππος or *ἔκκος (s. Schwyzer 301). A form with geminate is indeed found in ἴκκος (EM 474, 12), Ἴκκος PN (Tarent., Epid.); s. Lejeune, Phonétique 72. (With ἴκκος: ἵππος cf. Pannonian PN Ecco, Eppo.) A problem is the ἰ-; one suggestion was that it is Mycenaean; Cf. W.-Hofmann s. equus, Schwyzer 351. The aspiration is also difficult. - There is no further explanation for the word (connection e.g. with ὠκύς cannot be demonstrated).Page in Frisk: 1,734-735Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵππος
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127 καλύπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cover, hide' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. καλύψαι, perf. med. κεκάλυμμαι.Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. ἀμφι-, κατα-, περι-, συν-, also with ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ- `open up, reveal'.Derivatives: 1. καλύβη s.v. 2. καλυφή `submerged land' with ἀποκάλυφος ( αἰγιαλός, ἄρουρα) `land that can be cultivated after the inundation' (pap.), περικαλυφή `envelopment' (Pl. Lg. 942d); on - βη and - φη beside καλύ-πτω Schwyzer 332f. 3. ( προ-, παρα- etc.) κάλυμμα `cover, veil etc.' (Il.) with καλυμμάτιον (Ar.). 4. συγκαλυμμός `cover' (Ar. Av. 1496). 5. ἐγ-, κατα-, ἀπο-κάλυψις `cover etc.' (hell.); here, prob. as endearing name (Schwyzer 478, Risch par. 58a; diff. Meillet REGr. 32, 384ff.) Καλυψώ f. "one who covers" (Od.), after Güntert Kalypso prop. death-goddess; doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 12, 212f., s. also Bérard REGr. 67, 503f. - 6. καλυπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "who covers, hides", `cover, tile' (Hp., Arist., Att.) with καλυπτηρίζω `cover with tiles' (inscr.), f. καλύπτειρα `veil' (AP); ἐπι-, ἐγ-, ἀνακαλυπτήριον, - ια `cover, feast of unveiling' (Arist.). 7. καλύπτρα, - ρη f. `veil, cover' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 532, Chantraine Formation 333). - 8. ἐκ-καλυπτικός `revealing' ( Stoic., S. E.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One compares κρύπτω. One connects a full grade thematic root present in the western sphere e.g. in OIr. celim, Lat. *cĕlō, -ĕre (in oc-culere), Germ., e. g. OHG helan ` hehlen, hide'. Further with lengthened grade the deverbative in Lat. cēlō, - āre `hide' and a zero grade yot-present in Germ., e. g. Goth. huljan ` hüllen'. (Zero grade in Lat. clam `secretly'.) (On κέλυφος s. v.) Cf. Pok. 553f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cēlō. - Cf. καλιά, κολεός, and κλέπτω. - However, in this way neither the a-vocalism nor the element υ + labial can be accounted for. The root καλυβ\/π\/φ- is clearly Pre-Greek. Cf. on καλύβη, where Pre-Greek origin is proven.Page in Frisk: 1,768-769Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλύπτω
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128 κάμπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.Page in Frisk: 1,774-775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμπτω
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