ἴλλαος

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `appease, be merciful', perf. intr. and aor. pass. `be gracious' (Il.)

Other forms: rarely ἵλαμαι (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. ἵλασθαι Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), ἱλάονται (Β 550, ἱλάεσθαι A. R. 2, 847); aor. ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), ἱλάξασθαι (Delph., A. R.), pass. ἱλασθῆναι (LXX); fut. ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), ἱλάξομαι (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. ἔλλαθι (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. ἔλλατε (Call. Fr. 121); besides ἵλᾰθι, ἵλᾰτε (Theoc., A. R.), ἵληθι (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. ἱλήκῃσι (φ 365), opt. ἱλήκοι etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),

Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐξ-,

Derivatives: ἐξίλασις, ( ἐξ-)ἱλασμός (LXX), ἱλασία (inscr. Rom. empire), ( ἐξ-)ἵλασμα `appeasement, expiatory sacrifice' (LXX), ἱλάσιμος `appeasing' (M.Ant.; after ἰάσιμος a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 93), ἱλαστήριος `appeasing', - ιον `propitiatory gift' (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) ἱλατήριον ( Chron. Lind.), ἱλαστής `appeaser' (Aq., Thd.) with ἐξιλαστικός (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. ἵλαος (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the α below), ἵλεως (Att., also Ion.), ἵλεος (Cret. since III<sup>a</sup>, also Hdt.), hιλέ̄Ϝο̄ι dat. (Lac., IG 5: 1, 1562, VI-V<sup>a</sup>), ἴλλαος (Aeol., gramm.) `merciful, benevolent'; Arc. `appeased'; denomin. verb ἱλαόομαι ( ΜΑΜΑ 1, 230), ἱλεῶμαι, ἱλεόομαι (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) `appease' with ἱλέωσις (Plu.), ἱλεωτήριον (Phot., Suid.). 2. ἱλαρός `clear, glad', also = ἵλεως (Ar., X.) with ἱλαρότης, ἱλαρία, ἱλαρόω, - ρύνω, - ρεύομαι (hell.); Lat. loan hilarus, -is. 3. ἰλλάεις, - εντος (Alc.), ἱλᾶς, - ᾶντος (Hdn. Gr., H.) = ἴλλαος, ἵλαος and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. ἱλάειρα f. of φλόξ and σελήνη (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also ἑλάειρα (sch., Steph. Byz.) and ΕΛΕΡΑ (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after πίειρα, κτεάτειρα, Δάειρα etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [900] * selh₂- `make favourable'

Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative ἔλλαθι, ἔλλατε, for *σε-σλα-θι, - τε and so like τέ-τλα-θι, ἕ-στα-θι, δείδιθι = δέ-δϜι-θι to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des α in ἔλλᾱθι bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in ἵλᾱος (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA *εἵλαθι, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after φάνηθι etc. replaced by εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present ἱ̄λάσκομαι \< *σι-σλᾰ́-σκομαι, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. ἱλήκῃσι, ἱλήκοι for *εἱλ- (ind. *εἵληκα like εἴρηκα, τέ-τλη-κα), perh. also in ἵλᾰθι, - τε and Hom. ἵληθι (cf. εἵληθι H.), (or from *σι-σλη-θι). Also in the aorist- and future-forms ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι, ἱλάξασθαι, ἱλάσσομαι, ἱλάξομαι the length was introduced; beside it there is short in ἱλάσσεαι (Α 147), ἱλασσάμενοι (Α 100), ἵλαμαι (h. Hom.; but ἵ̄λασθαι Orph.), ἱλάομαι, also in ἱλαρός and ἱλάειρα (Emp. 85). The short ῐ- which is ununderstandable, may replace the ε- ( ἑλάειρα [s. above], *ἕλαμαι, *ἑλαρός) after ἱλάσκομαι. - Also ἵληϜος, ἵλεως, ἵλᾰος from reduplicated *σι-σλη-, σι-σλᾰ-. The old ablaut selǝ-: sleh₁-: slǝ- (cf. telǝ-: tlā-: tlǝ- in τελα-μών: ἔ-τλᾱ-ν: τέ-τλᾰ-θι) of which sla- is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. aɫač`em `pray' \< *slh₂-ske\/o- is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on *si-slh₂-ske\/o-; the aorist would have been * selh₂-s- of which the initial has been influenced by the present.

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ἰλλαίνω,

A look awry, squint, Hp.Epid.3.1.γ; of the eyes, to be distorted, Id.Coac. 214, Epid.4.12:—so also in [voice] Pass., [full] ἰλλαίνομαι, Id.Morb.3.12. [full] ἴλλαος, v. ἵλαος.

ἵλαος [v. sub fin.], ον, [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. (incl. lyr. of Trag., A.Eu. 1040, S.OC 1480, Ar.Th. 1148): irreg. gen.

A

ἱλάονος UPZ1.8

(iv B.C.); [dialect] Att. and later [full] ἵλεως, ων (also in Herod.4.25, v.l. for ἵλεον in Hdt.6.91), dual

ἵλεω Pl.Euthd. 273e

; nom. pl.

ἵλεῳ S.OC44

, X.Mem.1.1.9 (later ἵλεως indecl. as nom. pl., SIG985.47 (Philadelphia, ii or i B.C.), as acc. sg., LXX 2 Ma.7.37, 10.26, as gen. sg., ib.2.22); neut.

ἵλεα Pl. Phd. 95a

: [full] ἵλεος, ον, Hdt.4.94, 6.91 (v. supr.); also Cret., SIG527.92 (Dreros, iii B.C.), GDI5039.26 ([place name] Hierapytna), Hsch.: [full] ἵληϝος, dub. in IG5(1).1562 (Olymp., vi or v B.C.,= Epigr. ap. Paus.5.24.3, where ἱλάῳ); [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἴλλαος Hdn.Gr.2.524, cf. ἱλάεις:—of gods, propitious, gracious,

ἔπειθ' ἵλαος Ὀλύμπιος ἔσσεται ἡμῖν Il.1.583

, cf. Hes.Op. 340, Thgn.782, Archil.75, Pi.O.3.34, Trag.et Ar. ll. cc., Theoc.5.18: in Prose, Pl.Lg. 712b, LXXGe.43.23, al., UPZ78.24 ( εἵλ-, ii B.C.), Ep.Hebr.8.12, etc.; in deprecation, ἵλεώς σοι, κύριε (sc. ὁ θεός), i.e. be it far from thee, Ev.Matt.16.22;

ἵ. ἡμῖν Πλάτων καὶ ἐνταῦθα OGI721.10

(Egypt, iv A.D.).

2 of things, propitious, blameless, atoned for, ἵλαον ἦναι, opp. ἰνμενφὲς ἦναι, IG5(2).262(Mantinea, v B.C.).

II of men, gracious, kindly,

σὺ δ' ἵλαον ἔνθεο θυμόν Il.9.639

;

σοι.. θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἵ. ἔστω 19.178

;

ἵλεως κλύειν S.El. 655

;

δέξασθαι Id.Aj. 1009

, cf.Tr. 763;

ἐποίησέ θ' ἱλαρὸν.. κἀπέδειξεν ἵλεων Ephipp.6.7

: sts. almost,=

ἱλαρός, μειδῆσαι γελάσαι τε καὶ ἵλαον σχεῖν θυμόν h.Cer. 204

, cf. Pl.Smp. 206d;

ὁ οἶνος τὸν ἄνθρωπον ποιεῖ ἵλεων Id.Lg. 649a

.

III Adv. ἱλάως and ἱλέως, Hsch. [[pron. full] ῑ always: [pron. full] ᾱ Il.1.583, h.Cer. 204, Hes. and A. ll. cc., Euph.12, Pae.Erythr.19, Theoc.5.18, Epigr. ap. Paus. l.c., IG12(2).476, Parth.Fr.4; elsewh. [pron. full] ᾰ, v. supr., also Id.Fr.32, etc.]