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1 μηχάνημα
machine -
2 μάγγανον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `philtre, charm, block of a pulley' (Hero Bel., Pap. IIIp), [`eiserner Pflock, Bolzen'] (Sch.), `throwing machine, ballista, tormentum' (Gloss., H.), `means to deceive, bewitch' (Heracl. All., H.).Derivatives: μαγγανάριος `deceiver' (pap. IIIp), `mechanic' (Papp.), will be a loan from Latin. Denomin. verb μαγγανεύω `deceive, bewitch with artificial means, play tricks' with μαγγαν-εία `trickery' (Pl. Lg., Ph.), - εύματα pl. `charms, philtres' (Pl., Plu.), - ευτής `impostor, quack' (Suid., Phot.), - ευτικη τέχνη `agical art' (Poll.), - εύτριαι pl. H. s. βαμβακεύ-τριαι, - ευτήριον `haunt for impostors' (Them.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word got as a loan a wide spread: Lat. manganum `machine' (to Rom., e.g. Ital. mangano `sling') with the unclear byform mangō `a handler, who promotes his ware by artificial means' (from hell. *μάγγων?), from where mangōnium `dressing up ware', Alb. mangë `hemp-brake', mengji `medicine', MHG MLG mange `throwing-machine', NHG Mange(l) `smoothing roll(?) for laundry' (from where Balt., e.g. Lith. mañgalis `mangling-machine'). If we forget these loans, a few words from the farthest east and west remain, which have been connected as cognate with μάγγανον: Skt. mañju-, mañjula- `beautiful, sweet, charming', maṅgala n. `happiness, salvation, good omen' (all ep. class.), Osset. mäng `deceit'; Celt., MIr. meng `deceit, cleverness, ruse' (but Toch. A maṅk `guilt, fault, sin', adduced by Schneider, together with B meṅki `id.', also `smaller', with μανός, μάνυ). To this rather motley collection one may add further the group of μάσσω `knead', through which the most wide combinations can be made. - Lit. in Bq, WP. 2, 233, Pok. 731, W.-Hofmann s. mangō; esp. Meringer IF 19, 436f. a. 21, 282, whose attempts to make the history of these words concrete, are in principle no doubt correct, even when they lack confirmation or are in detail even wrong. - From an IE root * meng- (Pok. 731) the Greek form cannot be derived; the word must then be Pre-Greek (as was already stated by W.- Hofmann s.v. mango), where mang-an- is unproblematic. The Sanskrit words are semantically too far off (perh. they are of Dravidian origin, Mayrhofer KEWA547, 553 and EWAia 379f.). (Such isolated Sanskrit comparisons with Greek must often be discarded.) The other words will be loans from Latin. (Lith. mañgalis is a loan from German.) The original meaning was no doubt as Frisk assumed a technical instrument. The meaning `hemp-brake' goes in the same direction, but the meaning ballista I cannot easily combine. The meaning `mangling-machine' recurs several times (Germ. `Glättroll für Wäsche'). It served to `embellish' the cloths. From there the notion of deceit. It is a good example of the long life of a Pre-Greek word which was by some considered as IE.Page in Frisk: 2,155Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάγγανον
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3 μηχανήματ'
μηχανήματα, μηχάνημαmachine: neut nom /voc /acc plμηχανήματι, μηχάνημαmachine: neut dat sgμηχανήματε, μηχάνημαmachine: neut nom /voc /acc dual -
4 μηχανή
I contrivance, esp. machine for lifting weights and the like , crane, Hdt.2.125, IG11(2).161 A69, al. (Delos, iii B. C.); μ. τετράκωλος, δίκωλος, Rev.Phil.44.251 (Didyma, ii B. C.);μ. λιθαγωγός Poll. 10.148
; ἰχθυβόλῳ μ., of Poseidon's trident, A.Th. 132 (lyr.); λαοπόροις μ., of Xerxes' bridge of boats, Id.Pers. 114 (lyr.), cf. 722; freq. of irrigation machines, POxy. 985 (i A. D.), etc.; also of oil-presses, Wilcken Chr.176.10 (i/ii A. D.), etc.3 theatrical machine by which gods, etc., were made to appear in the air, Pl.Cra. 425d, Clit. 407a;αἴρειν μ. Antiph.191.15
, Alex.126.19: hence, prov. of anything sudden and unexpected,ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεὸς ἐπεφάνης Men. 227
;ὥσπερ ἀπὸ μ. D.40.59
, cf. Arist.Po. 1454b1.4 area of land irrigated by a machine, POxy.1830.13 (vi A. D.), PLond.5.1765 (vi A. D.), PSI1.77.14 (vi A. D.).II any artificial means or contrivance for doing a thing,ἤτοι κλήρῳ.., ἢ ἄλλῃ τινὶ μ. Hdt.3.83
;εἴ τίς ἐστι μ., ἴθι καὶ πειρῶ Id.8.57
, etc.; esp. in pl. μηχαναί, shifts, devices, wiles, Hes.Th. 146;πάντα σοφίσματα καὶ πάσας μ. ἐπεποιήκεε ἐς αὐτοὺς Δαρεῖος Hdt. 3.152
; μηχαναῖς Διός by the arts of Zeus, A.Ag. 677; χερὸς.. ἐκτίνοντα μηχανάς acts of violence, ib. 1582;Ὀρέστην μηχαναῖσι μὲν θανόντα, νῦν δὲ μηχαναῖς σεσωσμένον S.El. 1228
;κρατεῖ μαχαναῖς.. θηρός Id.Ant. 349
(lyr.);σοφιστῶν μ. Pl.Lg. 908d
: prov.,μηχαναὶ Σισύφου Ar.Ach. 391
:—Phrases:πάσας προσφέροντε μ. E.IT 112
;μηχανὴν προσοιστέον Ar.Th. 1132
;πᾶσαν σπουδὴν καὶ μ. προσφερόμενος Plb.1.18.11
;ἐπεισήγαγον μ. Id.29.25.1
;μηχανὰς εὑρήσομεν, ὥστε ἀπαλλάξαι A.Eu.82
;πλέκειν E.Andr.66
;πορίζεσθαι Pl.Smp. 191b
;ἐκπορίζειν Ar.V. 365
; ζητεῖν ib. 149; ἀντλεῖν μαχανάν exhaust one's resources, Pi.P.3.62; κατ' ἐμὰν μ. ib. 109: c. gen. objecti, ἔξευρε μ. τιν' Ἀδμήτῳ κακῶν contrivance against ills, E.Alc. 221 (lyr.); but μ. σωτηρίας a way, means of procuring or providing safety, A. Th. 209;μυρίων οὐσῶν μ. ἀπαλλαγῆς X.Cyr.5.1.12
; οὐδεμία μ. [ ἐστι] ὅκως οὐ c. [tense] fut. ind., Hdt.2.160; μὴ οὐ c. inf., ib. 181, 3.51; τὸ μὴ οὐ (prob.) Id.1.209; τίς μ. μὴ οὐχὶ .. ; Pl.Phd. 72d.2 freq. in adverb. phrases, μηδεμιῇ μ. by no means whatsoever, by no contrivance, Hdt. 7.51, etc.;οὓς οὐδεμιῇ μ. δεῖ τιτρώσκειν Hp.Art.11
; so μήτε τέχνῃ μήτε μ. μηδεμιᾷ Foed. ap. Th.5.18, cf. IG12.39.23; opp.πάσῃ τέχνῃ καὶ μ. Lys. 19.53
;πάσῃ μ. Ar.Lys. 300
(lyr.); τρόπῳ ἢ μ. ᾑτινιοῦν Lex ap.D.21.113. -
5 εξώστρα
ἐξώστρᾱ, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem nom /voc /acc dualἐξώστρᾱ, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic) -
6 ἐξώστρα
ἐξώστρᾱ, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem nom /voc /acc dualἐξώστρᾱ, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic) -
7 εξώστρας
ἐξώστρᾱς, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem acc plἐξώστρᾱς, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic) -
8 ἐξώστρας
ἐξώστρᾱς, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem acc plἐξώστρᾱς, ἐξώστραstage-machine: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic) -
9 τύμπανον
A kettledrum, such as was used esp. in the worship of the Mother Goddess and Dionysus, Hdt.4.76, E.HF 892; τυμπάνων ἀλαλαγμοί, ἀράγματα, Id.Cyc.65 (lyr.), 205; τύμπανα, Ῥέας τε μητρὸς ἐμά θ' εὑρήματα, says Dionysus, Id.Ba.59, cf. 156 (lyr.), IG42(1).131.9, 10 (Epid.); in Corybantic rites, Ar.V. 119; τ. ἀράσσειν, ῥήσσειν, AP6.217 (Simon.), 7.485 (Diosc.);καταυλήσει χρῆται καὶ τυμπάνοις Sor.2.29
.2 metaph., τύμπανον φυσᾶν, of inflated eloquence, AP13.21 (Theodorid.).II name of some instrument of torture of execution, Ar. Pl. 476 (ξύλα ἐφ' οἷς [ἐν οἷς Suid.
] ἐτυμπάνιζον· ἐχρῶντο γὰρ ταύτῃ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ· ἢ βάκλα, παρὰ τὸ τύπτειν Sch.);τινῶν μὲν εἰς δεσμωτήριον, τινῶν δὲ ἐπὶ τύμπανον ἀπαγομένων S.E.M.2.30
; ;ἐπὶ τὸ τ. προσῆγε LXX 2 Ma.6.19
, cf.28; cf. τύπανον.2 = tumix, sirimpio (dub. sens.), Gloss.III in a machine, drum, Hero Bel.86, cf. Orib. 49.4.43; in Verg.G.2.444, tympana are wagon-wheels made of a solid piece of wood, rollers; similarly perh. in PLond.1821.204, possibly of the wheel of an irrigating machine: cf. τυμπάνιον.IV Archit., the sunken triangular space enclosed by the cornice of the pediment, Lat. tympanum fastigii, Vitr.4.7.5; the square panel of a door, Id.4.6.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τύμπανον
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10 ὕσπληξ
ὕσπληξ, ηγος, ἡ (Phryn.54, etc., but ὁ CIG2824.14 ([place name] Aphrodisias), Eust.598.23), IG12.313.116, 314.129, Inscr.Perg.10.3 (iii B. C.), Pl. Phdr. 254e, Eust. l. c., etc.: rarely [full] ὕσπληγξ, ηγγος, ἡ (ὁ Hero Aut. 24.4), D.P.121, Dionys.Av.3.18; [dialect] Dor. [full] ὕσπλαγξ Theoc.8.58; gen.Aὕσπλᾱκος IG42(1).98.2
(Epid., iii B. C.): dat. pl.ὕσπληξιν Plu.2.588f
, [dialect] Ep.ὑσπλήγεσσι AP6.259
(Phil.): [dialect] Dor. [full] ὑσπλᾱγίς (q.v.):— snare or gin of a bird-catcher, Theoc. l.c.; wolf-trap, Hsch.; also the part of a springe or noose trap which slips down when touched, Dionys.Av.l.c., cf. 3.13; = ῥόπτρον, Hsch.; = πάσσαλος, κρίκος κεράτινος, Id., Sch.Pl.Phdr. 254e.2 a twisted strand, the untwisting of which releases motive power in an automaton (cf.στρέβλη 1.2
), Hero Aut.2.8 (also, a piece of wood made to rise or fall by this or similar means, ib.6, cf. 24.4);ψυχὴ ἀνθρώπου μυρίαις ὁρμαῖς οἷον ὕσπληξιν ἐντεταμένη Plu.2.588f
; [τὸ θερμὸν] ἀθροῖσαν ἑαυτὸ καὶ οἷον συνεσπειραμένον γεγονός,.. σφοδρᾷ τῇ φορᾷ χρώμενον καὶ οἷον ἀπὸ ὕσπληγος ἐξαλλόμενον Gal.7.623
; ὥσπερ ἀπὸ ὕ. ἀναπεσών throwing himself back as from a ὕ., i. e. violently, Pl.Phdr. 254e; ὥσπερ ἀπὸ ὕ. θέοντες, i.e. running at top speed, Luc.Cat.4.3 a contrivance (of uncertain nature, but prob. on the principle ofὕ. 1
or 2; = Lat. transenna, Gloss.) for starting a race, starting-machine ( κυρίως τὸ μηχάνημα τὸ ἀποκροῦον τὸν κανόνα τοῦ δρομέως Sch.D.P.121; cf. ), ὕσπληγος ἀγκῶνας τρεῖς παραστάδας ὑσπλήγων τέτταρας καὶ κίονας δύο, σύριγγας τῶν ὑ. δύο, in a list of wooden objects, Inscr.Délos 1400.9 (ii B. C.), cf. 1409 Ba ii43 (ii B. C.); ὕσπληγα λαμπαδίειον (for the torch-race) IG11(2).203B96 (Delos, iii B. C.); ἀφέσεις τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν ὑσπλήγων τοῦ Παναθηναϊκοῦ σταδίου ib.22.1035.50 (i B. C.);ἔπεσεν ἡ ὕ. Luc.Tim.20
;τῆς ὕ. εὐθὺς καταπεσούσης Id.Cal.12
; (v.l. ὑφ' ὕσπληγος);διήκει πρὸ αὐτῶν καλῴδιον ἀντὶ ὕσπληγος Paus.6.20.11
; χαλῶσιν αἱ ὕ. ib.13; ἀθρόα δ' ὕσπληξ πάντα (sc. τὰ ἅρματα) διὰ στρεπτοῦ τείνα [τ' ἔ]χουσα κάλω· [ἦ] μέγ' ἐπαχήσασα θοὰς ἐξήλασε πώλους Inscr.Perg. l.c.; ψόφος ἦν ὕσπληγος ἐν οὔασιν, i.e. the race had just started, AP11.86, cf. Plu.2.804e;ἔσχαστο ἡ ὕ. Hld.4.3
;ψαλιδωτὰς ἱππαφέσεις διὰ μιᾶς ὕ. ἅμα πάσας ἀνοιγομένας D.H.3.68
: metaph., κἀπὸ γῆς ἐσχάζοσαν ὕσπληγας were loosing the starting-machine from land, i. e. were starting out from land, Lyc.22.4 = καμπτήρ 11, metaph., D.P.121, cf. Eust. ad loc.; ὕσπληγας ὑποφήνας τῶν κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν λόγων setting limits to.., dub. in metrod.Herc.831.11.6 = μύωψ 11.2 or μάστιξ, Herm. in Phdr.p.170A., Hsch., Suid.; = ὑστριχίς 1, Eust.ad D.P.121 (deriving it from ὗς and πλήσσω). -
11 κραδάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `swing, brandish', midd. `tremble, be agitated'; κραδεύειν H. as explanation of κραδαίνειν (Hom.)Compounds: Rarely with prefix: ἐπι-κραδάω (A. R., Opp.); ἐπι-, δια-, συγ-κραδαίνω (Tim. Pers., Arist.); ἀνακραδεύει σείει, σαλεύει H.Derivatives: κράδη f. `spray at the end of branches, twig, esp. of figs' (IA., Hes. Op. 681) with ἀπο-κράδιος `plucked from a fig' (AP), ἀπο-κραδίζω `pluck from a fig' (Nic.); also ` diseased formation of small shoots in a tree' with κραδάω `have κράδη' (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 195); also name of a machine, that shows actors hovering in the air (Poll. 4, 128, H.). Also κράδος `blight in figtrees' (Thphr. HP 4, 14, 4), after Thphr. l. c. also name of the twig. - κραδησίτης φαρμακός ( 'scapegoat'), ὁ ταῖς κράδαις βαλλόμενος H. (cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 242 n. 29); κραδίης m. `prepared with fig-twigs, provided with...' (H., Hippon.); κραδιαῖος `connected with...' (Orph.); κράδαλοι κλάδοι H. κραδαλός `trembling' (Eust.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On κραδευταί s. κρατευταί. That κράδη and κράδος with κραδάω (to which κραδαίνω as enlargement) belong together, seems certain; their relation however can be interpreted in different ways. Prob. κραδάω is a denomin., whereby for κράδη an original meaning `the swinging' can be assumed, what agrees well with the meanings `crown (of a tree)' and ` suspension-machine' (Fraenkel Denom. 19f.). Or κραδάω is as zero grade iterative derived from a lost primary verb (cf. Schwyzer 719 Mom. 4, Leumann Lat. Gramm.317c) to which κράδη, - ος is a backformation. Diff. (hardly correct) Schwyzer 682 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 356: κραδάω old (orig. athematic) root present. - [Hardly here κόρδᾱξ, a dance.] Hypothetical combinations in W.-Hofmann s. cardō, Pok. 934; s. also Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. (pa)-kìrsti. - A very old root noun to κραδάω is supposed by SchulzeKZ 57, 75 = Kl. Schr. 217 in the IE word for `heart', Gr. κῆρ.Page in Frisk: 2,1-2Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κραδάω
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12 μηχανή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `means, tool, contrivance, apparatus, machine, device' (IA, Dor.).Other forms: Dor. μαχανά.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μηχανο-ποιός `machine-builder, engineer, machinist' (Att.), ἀ-μήχανος (Dor. - ά-) `without means etc., helpless; who cannot be helped with means, irresistible, impossible' (Il.; partly associated with μηχανάομαι) with ἀμηχαν-ία, - ίη (ι 295), - έω (Ion.).Derivatives: 1. Uncertain Μαχα-νεύς surn. of Zeus (Argos, Tanagra, Cos, since Va; s.v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 172), also name of a month (Corcyra), Μαχανεῖος name of a month (Chalcedon); Μαχαν-ίς surn. of Athena (Cos), - ῖτις surn. of Aphrodite and Athena (Megalopolis). -- 2. μηχανιώτης `contriver', of Hermes (h. Merc. 436; after ἀγγελι-ώτης a.o., Zumbach Neuerungen 7). -- 3. μηχανάριος `machinist' (pap.). -- 4. μηχαν-όεις `full of means, inventive' (S.), - ικός `id., belonging to machines, mechanical', subst. `machinebuilder' (X., Arist.; Chantraine Études 101 a. 141). -- 5. μηχάνωμα (Dor. μα-) n. `apparatus, crane' (Thphr., Delphi; enlarged from μηχανη, Chantraine Form. 187). -- 6. Denomin. μηχανάομαι (- άω), aor. μηχανήσασθαι etc., also with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ἀντι-, προσ-, `realize, construct, manufacture artificially, devise (with ruse)' (Il.); from this μηχάν-ημα `invention, apparatus, mechanical device' (Hp., D., trag.), - ησις `id.' (Hp., Plb.), - ητής m. `inventor of warmaschines' (Sch.), - ητικός `inventive' (X.). -- Besides μῆχαρ n. indecl. `means, tool' (A., Lyc.), μῆχος (Dor. μᾶ-) n. `id.' (Il., also Hdt.), both as opposed to μηχανή dying words without compp. a. abl.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Not with Frisk from a heteroclitic *μᾶχαρ, *μάχαν-ος, from which with added -ā (cf. Schwyzer 459) the almost absolute reigning μαχαν-ά, μηχαν-ή arose; accent after the verbal nouna ( φυλακ-ή, κομιδ-ή etc.). Beside the r-n-stem as so often an s -stem, μῆχος. -- As cognate are usually with Osthoff PBBeitr. 15, 211 ff. (after Bopp, Pott a.o.) considered some short-vowel verbal forms with accompanying nouns in Germanic and Slavic: Germ., e.g. Goth. mag `can, is able, mag', Slav., e.g. OCS mogǫ, mošti, Russ. mogú, močь `can, be able' with Goth. mahts `power, Macht' etc. = OCS moštь, Russ. močь `id.'. Beside this ti-derivation stands in Germ. a n-formation in OHG magan, megin, OWNo. magn, megin `power, might', which may belong directly to μηχανή. Here also (with v. Windekens Lex. etym.) Toch. A mokats `mighty' (like tsop-ats `great' etc.). -- Diff. Prellwitz (as alternative), Fraenkel Lexis 2, 170 a. Wb. s.v.: to Lith. móku, mokė́ti `can, understand, pay' assuming a IE tenuis asp. kʰ; mag, mogǫ etc. are then classified diff. (to Lith. magù, -ė́ti `please, be pleasant', mė́gstu, mė́gti `love, like' etc.). To connect the last mentioned Lith. words also with μηχανή (W.-Hofmann s. mactus, Vasmer s. mogú) is, apart from the meaning, doubtful already because of the ablaut ē: ā one would have to assume. In 1998, 10f [MKNAW Afd. Lett. 61, 9] I pointed out that in Slavic a laryngeal cannot have been vocalized; so the Germ. and Slavic forms cannot go back to * mh₂gh-. The Greek word then remains isolated. The suffix - αν- is typical for Pre-Greek words; note still that Greek has no forms with *μαχ-. -- From Dor. μαχανά Lat. māchina, from μηχανή Pashto mēčan `handmill' (Morgenstierne Acta Or. 7, 200; 18, 143); on the meaning cf. VLat. māchina also `millstone, handmill', Alb. (through Illyrian) mókërë `millstone'. -- WP. 2, 227, Pok. 695; further W.-Hofmann, Vasmer and Fraenkel (s. above).Page in Frisk: 2,234-235Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μηχανή
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13 ὁλκη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dragging, drawing, towing, inhalation, draught, drink, attraction, drawing down of the scales = weight' (IA.).Other forms: ὁλκός m. "drawer", `dragging machine for ships, remes' (Hdt., Th., S., E.), also `track, furrow' ("drawing to oneself"; Frisk Eranos 38, 43), `groove, crinkle' (E., Ar., hell.), also name of a spider (Dsc.; vgl. Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 155 f. w. lit.); adj. ὁλκός, -ή, - όν `drawing to oneself' (Pl., Arist.), `dragging on, leaning, tarrying' (Ph., Hld.).Derivatives: ὁλκός m. "drawer", `dragging machine for ships, straps' (Hdt., Th., S., E.), also `track, furrow' ("drawing to oneself"; Frisk Eranos 38, 43), `groove, crinkle' (E., Ar., hell.), also nsma of a spider (Dsc.; cf. Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 155 f. w. lit.); adj. ὁλκός, -ή, - όν `drawing to oneself' (Pl., Arist.), `dragging on, leaning, tarrying' (Ph., Hld.). From ὁλκή: 1. ὁλκάς, - άδος f. `towed ship, trading ship' (Pi., IA.) with ὁλκαδι-κός (Arist.); 2. ὁλκεῖον (- ίον) n. `large bowl, large basin, out of which water is scooped' (com. a. inscr. since IVa; after ἀγγεῖον) with ὁλκίδιον (pap. III p); 3. ὁλκεῖς οἵ τὰ ἀμφίβληστρα ἐπισπῶνται H. (Boßhardt 79); 4. ὁλκαῖος `belonging to the drawing, making a convolution' (Nic., Lyc.), - αῖον n. `stern, sternpost' (A. R.), - αία, - αίη f. `tail' (Nic., A. R.); 5. ὅλκ-ιμος `drawable, bendable, viscous' (medic., Plu.), `useful for drawing' (Paul. Aeg.; Arbenz 75 f.; after στάσιμος?); 6. - ήεις `weighty' (Nic.); 7. - άζω `to draw' (pap., H.).Etymology: Verbal nouns from ἕλκω after wellknown patterns; can be identical with ὁλκός Lat. sulcus m. `furrow' (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 256), if not rather with zero grade to OE sulh f. `plough, surrow' (IE *sl̥k-), s. Porzig Gliederung 111. Further s. ἕλκω and WP. 2, 507 f., Pok. 901, W.-Hofmann s. sulcus w. lit..Page in Frisk: 2,377-378Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁλκη
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14 σκορπίος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `scorpion' (A. Fr. 169 = 368M.); often metaph. as adjunct of a fish (com., Arist a.o.; after the poison-stings, Strömberg 124 f., Thompson Fishes s.v.; also σκόρπ-αινα, - ίς, s. bel.); a plant (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 50f.); of a constellation (Cleostrat., hell.; Scherer Gestirnn. 170); a war machine for firing arrows (Hero a. o.; from this σκορπίζω, s. bel.); of a stone (Orph.; also σκορπῖτις, - ίτης).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in σκορπί-ουρος (- ον) plantn. (Dsc.).Derivatives: 1. Subst.: σκορπ-ίον n. plantn. (Dsc.), - ίδιον n. `small slinging-machine' (Plb., LXX), - ίς f. (Arist.), - αινα f. (Ath.) fishn. (s. ab.); - ῖτις f., - ίτης m. name of a stone (Plin., late pap.; after the colour and shape, Redard 61); - ιών, - ιῶνος m. monthname in Alexandria (Ptol.). 2. adj.: σκορπ-ιώδης `resembling the s.' (Arist., Ph. a. o.), -ήϊος.. - ειος `belonging to the s.' (Orph., Man.), - ιόεις `id.' (Nic.), - ιακός `id.' (medic.), - ιανός `born under s.' (Astr.). 3. verbs: σκορπ-ίζω, also w. δια- a.o., `to scatter' (Hecat.[?], hell. a. late), - ιαίνομαι `to be enraged' (Procop.), - ιοῦται ἀγριαίνεται, ἐρεθίζεται H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As the scorpion belongs to the warmer lands and is not at home above the 40. degree north. breadth, everything suggests a loan from a mediterranean language. -- Usually with Persson Stud. 57 a. 168, Beitr. 2, 861 as IE connected to a word for `plane, scratch etc.' with several representatives especially in Germ., e.g. OE sceorfan `scratch', scearfian, OHG scarbōn `plane, tear up' (IE * ser-p-), OE sceorpan `scratch, prickle' (IE * sker-b-); to this Latv. šḱērpêt `cut a lawn' etc.; s. WP. 2, 581 ff., Pok. 943 f. -- Lat. LW [loanword] scorpius, -iō, Russ. LW [loanword] skórpij. -- As stated prob. a Pre-Greek word. Furnée (index!) thinks that all words with (s)kr(m)P- contain the same Pre-Greek word; cf. κάραβος, καράμβιος, * σκαραβαῖος, κεράμβυξ, κεράμβηλον, κηραφίς, γραψαῖος. This is perh. possible, but it cannot be considered certain. One notes that all forms clearly have καρα(μ)P-, but that γραψαῖος and σκορπιος do not have a vowel between ρ and the (nasal +) labial (the presence of a vowel agrees with the (pre)nasalization).Page in Frisk: 2,738-739Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκορπίος
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15 μηχανή
ἡ μηχανή ['ухищрение'] 1. изобретение, ловкий прием; уловка; 2. устройство, машина (лат. machina; механика; фр. machine → машинист; махинатор) -
16 αναβολικώς
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17 ἀναβολικῶς
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18 αποκυλίσματι
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19 ἀποκυλίσματι
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20 διαναγκασμού
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