rapid

răpĭdus, a, um, adj. [rapio], tearing away, seizing.

Lit. (very rare, and only poet.):

ferae,

Ov. H. 10, 96; 11, 111 (but in Lucr. 4, 712, the correct read. is rabidi leones).—Of hunting-dogs:

agmen,

a tearing, fierce pack, Ov. M. 3, 242; cf. Lucr. 5, 890. —Of fierce, consuming heat:

aestus,

Verg. E. 2, 10:

sol,

id. G. 1, 92:

Sirius,

id. ib. 4, 425:

flamma,

Ov. M. 2, 123:

ignis,

Verg. G. 4, 263; Ov. M. 7, 326; 8, 225; 12, 274.— Of a consuming pyre, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 20.—As epithet of the sea (qs. devouring), Tib. 1, 2, 40 (al. rabidus).—

Transf., tearing or hurrying along, swift, quick, rapid (the predom. and class. signif.; esp. freq. in the [p. 1523] poets).

Of waters:

fluvius,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 52; id. Men. prol. 64 sq.:

torrens,

Verg. A. 2, 305:

amnis,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 62; Lucr. 1, 14:

flumen,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50; Hor. S. 2, 3, 242; Tib. 1, 2, 44 Huschk. N. cr.; Quint. 6, 2, 6 al.; cf.:

lapsus fluminum (along with celeres venti),

Hor. C. 1, 12, 9:

Tigris,

id. ib. 4, 14, 46:

procellae,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 45:

undae (as a mere epitheton ornans),

Ov. M. 7, 6.— Sup.:

flumen,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50 fin. —

Of other hurrying, rapidly moving things:

turbo,

Lucr. 6, 668; cf.

venti,

Verg. A. 6, 75:

Notus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 21:

ignis Jovis,

Verg. A. 1, 42:

sol,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 12; cf.:

axis (solis),

Ov. F. 3, 518:

orbis,

id. M. 2, 73; and:

caelum,

Stat. Th. 1, 197:

equi,

Ov. F. 5, 592; cf.:

volucris rapidissima,

id. M. 2, 716:

manus,

Verg. A. 8, 442:

currus,

id. ib. 12, 478; cf.

cursus,

id. ib. 12, 683:

agmen,

Tac. H. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 11, 906:

bella,

Claud. Cons. Stil. 1, 188:

impetus,

Flor. 4, 7, 12:

venenum,

i. e. quickworking, Tac. A. 12, 67; so,

virus,

id. ib. 13, 15 fin.:

pestis,

Sil. 7, 351:

vires,

id. 4, 678. —

Trop., hurried, impetuous, vehement, hasty:

oratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3:

rapidus in consiliis,

over-hasty, precipitate, Liv. 22, 12 fin.:

rapidus proelia miscet,

Sil. 1, 266:

rapidus in urbem vectus,

Tac. H. 2, 54.— Hence, adv.: răpĭdē, acc. to II., hurriedly, hastily, quickly, rapidly:

dilapsus (fluvius),

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

iter confecit (along with festinanter),

Suet. Calig. 43.— Comp.:

eo rapidius... venit Rigodulum,

Tac. H. 4, 71.— Trop.: quod (pathêtikon) cum rapide fertur, sustineri nullo pacto potest, Cic. Or. 37, 128.

rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8; gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).

Neutr. (very freq. and class.).

Lit. Rarely of persons:

caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique,

Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things:

ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

spectacula runnt,

fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.:

parietes ruunt,

id. Most. 1, 2, 36:

lateres veteres,

id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so,

aedes,

id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69:

omnia tecta (supra aliquem),

Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.:

altae turres,

Lucr. 5, 307:

moles et machina mundi,

id. 5, 96:

murus,

Liv. 21, 11:

templa deum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104;

aulaea,

id. ib. 2, 8, 71:

acervus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 47:

murus latius quam caederetur,

Liv. 21, 11:

tecta in agris,

id. 4, 21:

silices a montibus altis,

Lucr. 5, 314:

alto a culmine Troja,

Verg. A. 2, 290.— Poet.:

caeli templa,

Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525:

caelum imbribus immodicis,

Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.:

caelum in se,

Liv. 40, 58:

ruit imbriferum ver,

i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.:

turbidus imber aquā,

id. A. 5, 695:

tempestas,

Tac. A. 1, 30.

Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —

Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:

volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

(Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1:

huc omnis turba ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant,

id. ib. 8, 648:

per proelia,

id. ib. 12, 526:

quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre,

Tac. Agr. 37:

contis gladiisque ruerent,

id. A. 6, 35:

in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27 fin.:

in castra fugientes,

id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44:

promiscue in concubitus,

id. 3, 47:

eques pedesque certatim portis ruere,

id. 27, 41:

ad urbem infesto agmine,

id. 3, 3:

ad portas,

Tac. A. 1, 66:

ad convivium,

id. H. 2, 68 fin.:

per vias,

id. ib. 5, 22:

destinatā morte in proelium,

Flor. 2, 18, 12:

ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae,

Curt. 4, 15, 3:

de montibus amnes,

Verg. A. 4, 164:

flumina per campos,

Ov. M. 1, 285:

in Galliam Rhenus,

Tac. H. 5, 19.— Poet., of time:

vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox,

i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250:

revoluta ruebat dies,

was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth:

antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 44.—

Trop.

(Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):

ratio ruat omnis,

Lucr. 4, 507:

quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum,

by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64:

tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse,

Just. 5, 1, 9.—

(Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):

tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 14:

emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere,

to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11:

cum cotidie rueret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2:

compescere ruentes,

Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34:

ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia,

id. ib. 1, 46:

crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis,

Liv. 3, 53:

in servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 7:

in exitium,

id. H. 1, 84:

in sua fata,

Ov. M. 6, 51:

omnia fatis In pejus,

Verg. G. 1, 200:

quo scelesti ruitis?

Hor. Epod. 7, 1:

quo ruis,

Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428:

multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2.— Poet., with inf.:

quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata?

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71:

scire ruunt,

Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.— Impers. pass.:

ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur,

Liv. 8, 24.—

Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)

Lit.:

imbres fluctusque... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

naves (vis venti),

Lucr. 1, 272:

res impetibus crebris (venti),

id. 1, 293:

ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21:

immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque,

Verg. A. 9, 516:

cumulos ruit pinguis harenae,

breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one ' s self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:

totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti),

Verg. A. 1, 85:

spumas salis aere,

id. ib. 1, 35:

cinerem et confusa Ossa focis,

id. ib. 11, 211:

atram nubem ad caelum (ignis),

id. G. 2, 308:

unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.:

in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia;

caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc.,

Dig. 19, 1, 17:

in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur,

ib. 50, 16, 241:

ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit,

Fest. p. 262 Müll.:

ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur,

Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.

spissus, a, um, adj. [root spi-, to press; cf. Lith. spitu].

Lit., thick, crowded, close, compact, dense (mostly poet and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: crassus, densas): durata ac spissa,

Lucr. 2, 444:

corpus,

id. 6, 127:

liquor,

Ov. M. 12, 438:

sanguis,

id. ib. 11, 367:

aër,

id. ib. 1, 23:

grando,

id. ib. 9, 222 et saep.:

corona Non tam spissa viris,

Verg. A. 9, 509; so,

coronae,

Hor. A. P. 381:

sedilia,

id. ib. 205:

theatra,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 41:

coma,

id. C. 3, 19, 25; cf.:

nemorum comae,

id. ib. 4, 3, 11:

ramis laurea,

id. ib. 2, 15, 9:

harena,

Verg. A. 5, 336; cf.

litus,

Ov. M. 15, 718:

tunica,

of a close texture, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 46:

navis juncturis aquam excludentibus,

Sen. Ep. 76:

caligo,

Ov. M. 7, 528:

noctis umbrae,

Verg. A. 2, 621:

tenebrae,

Petr. 114, 3:

nubes,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 30; id. M. 5, 621; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 8, 13, 24.— Comp.:

semen,

Col. 4, 33, 3:

ignis,

Luc. 9, 604.— Sup.:

spississima arbor (ebenus et buxus),

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 204: minimum ex nequitiā levissimumque ad alios redundat;

quod pessimum ex illā est et, ut ita dicam, spississimum, domi remanet et premit habentem,

Sen. Ep. 81, 21.—

Transf., of time.

Slow, tardy, late (rare but class.):

omnia tarda et spissa,

Cic. Att. 16, 18, 2; cf.:

in utroque genere dicendi exitus spissi et producti esse debent,

id. de Or. 2, 53, 213.—

Spissum illud amanti est verbum, Veniet nisi venit, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 77: nihil ego spei credo, omnes res spissas facit, Caecil. ap. Non. 392, 15; Pac., Titin., and Turp. ib. sq.: haruspices si quid boni promittunt, pro spisso evenit;

Id quod mali promittunt, praesentiarum est,

slowly, late, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 47.—

Thick, i. e. in quick succession, rapid, frequent, fast, = continuus, creber (very rare):

spississima basia,

Petr. 31, 1.—

Trop., hard, difficult (rare but class.): spissum sane opus et operosum, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 1:

si id erit spissius,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 4:

si est aliquanto spissius,

id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—Hence, adv.: spissē.

Thickly, closely:

calcare carbones,

Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188.— Comp., Col. 2, 9, 2; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31. —

Transf.

Slowly: tu nimis spisse atque tarde incedis, Naev. ap. Non. 392, 25:

habet hoc senectus, cum pigra est ipsa, ut spisse omnia videantur confieri,

Pac. ib. 393, 4:

cum spisse atque vix ad Antonium pervenimus,

Cic. Brut. 36, 138.— Comp.: nascimur spissius quam emorimur, Varr. ap. Non. 392, 29.—

Rapidly:

basiavit me spissius,

Petr. 18, 4.

sŭper, adj., v. superus.

sŭper, adv. and prep. [Sanscr. upari; Gr. huper; Goth. ufar], above, over (often confounded in MSS. and edd. with supra, q. v.).

Adv., above, on top, thereupon, upon, etc. (rare but class.).

Lit., of place:

Anien infraque superque Saxeus,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 20:

eo super tigna bipedalia, iniciunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

haec super e vallo prospectant Troes,

Verg. A. 9, 168: implenturque super puppes, from above, i. e. by rain, id. ib. 5, 697:

purpureas super vestes... Coniciunt,

id. ib. 6, 221; cf. id. ib. 6, 217:

renes tunicis super conteguntur,

Cels. 3, 1 med.:

imponendum super medicamentum,

id. 6, 19 med. —

Transf.

Of that which is over and above in number or quantity, over, moreover, besides:

satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum,

enough and to spare, more than enough, Cic. Lael. 13, 45:

satis superque prudentes,

id. Har. Resp. 9, 18:

contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

ut satis superque vixisse videamur,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 110; Hor. Epod. 1, 31; Liv. 3, 53:

quidque furor valeat, satisque Ac super ostendit,

Ov. M. 4, 430:

poenas dedit usque superque Quam satis est,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 65: cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus;

et super ipsi Dardanidae infensi, etc.,

and moreover, and besides, Verg. A. 2, 71:

saevit amor ferri... Ira super,

id. ib. 7, 462:

super talis effundit pectore voces,

id. ib. 5, 482; 11, 670: voto deus aequoris alti Annuerat;

dederatque super, ne saucius ullis Vulneribus fieri posset,

Ov. M. 12, 206; 4, 751; 15, 308; Hor. S. 2, 7, 78; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Phaedr. 4, 24, 18:

annum agens aetatis sexagensimum ac nonum, superque mensem ac diem septimum,

Suet. Vesp. 24.— With gen. part.:

non operae est satis superque oneris sustinenti res a populo Romano gestas scribere,

Liv. 41, 25, 8:

primoribus, super quam quod dissenserant a consilio, territis etiam duplici prodigio,

besides that, Liv. 22, 3, 14; so,

super quam quod,

id. 27, 20, 10.—

Less freq. of that which is left over, over, left, remaining:

Atheniensibus exhaustis praeter arma et naves nihil erat super,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; cf.:

nec spes ulla super,

Val. Fl. 8, 435:

quid super sanguinis, qui dari pro republicā possit? rogitantes,

Liv. 4, 58, 13:

super tibi erunt, qui dicere laudes tuas cupiant,

Verg. E. 6, 6:

o mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago,

id. A. 3, 489.

Prep. with acc. and abl., over, above, on the top of, upon, on.

With acc.

Lit., of place or situation:

super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui, nisi columellam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

super lateres coria inducuntur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, §

4: super quas (naves) turrim ad introitum opposuit,

id. ib. 3, 39 Dinter (al. quā):

super vallum praecipitari,

Sall. J. 58, 6; cf.:

cum alii super aliorum capita ruerent,

Liv. 24, 39, 5:

super caput hostium pervenire,

id. 32, 11, 8:

aqua super montium juga concreta,

id. 21, 58, 8:

domos super se ipsos concremaverunt,

id. 21, 14, 4:

cenaculum super aedes datum est,

id. 39, 14, 2:

ad senaculum ac super id curiam,

id. 41, 27, 7:

equi super eum ruentis,

id. 39, 49, 3:

super eam (aspidem) assidere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 59:

super theatrum consistere,

Liv. 24, 39, 1:

aquila super carpentum volitans,

id. 1, 34, 8:

illa super terram defecto poplite labens,

Ov. M. 13, 477:

collis erat, collemque super planissima Area,

id. ib. 10, 86:

ut scopulum super duram illidat corticem,

Phaedr. 2, 6, 11:

clatri super aquam emineant,

Col. 8, 17, 10:

super arcem pensiles horti sunt,

Curt. 5, 1, 32:

vestis super genua est,

id. 5, 6, 18:

super pulpitum consulares conlocare,

Suet. Calig. 54.—

Of position or distance, above, beyond: Nomentanus erat super ipsum, Porcius infra, was above him (at table), Hor. S. 2, 8, 23:

Polypercon, qui cubabat super regem,

Curt. 8, 5, 22:

super se collocavit,

Suet. Aug. 43.—Of geographical situation:

super Numidiam Gaetulos accepimus,

beyond Numidia, Sall. J. 19, 5:

super et Garamantas et Indos Proferet imperium,

Verg. A. 6, 795:

super Sunium navigans,

Liv. 28, 8, 11:

sita est super Ambracium sinum,

id. 43, 21, 6:

super Demetriadem promunturium,

id. 31, 46, 7; 43, 21, 6:

qui super Bosporum colunt,

Curt. 6, 2, 13; 7, 6, 12; 8, 1, 7:

Lydia super Ioniam procedit,

extends beyond, Plin. 5, 29, 30, § 110.—Of official position ( = supra):

super armamentarium positus,

Curt. 6, 7, 22; Scrib. Comp. 162.—

Transf.

Of time, during, at (postAug.):

de hujus nequitiā omnes super cenam loquebantur,

Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 6; 3, 5, 11; 9, 33, 1; cf.:

super vinum et epulas,

Curt. 8, 4, 30; 8, 12, 17; Suet. Aug. 77; id. Caes. 87:

super mensam,

Curt. 7, 4, 7:

super hos divum honores,

i. e. during the sacrifice, Stat. Th. 1, 676; Flor. 4, 2, 69.—

Of that which is over and above a certain number or quantity, over, above, beyond, upon, besides, in addition to (not freq. till after the Aug. period):

quod alii super alios legati venirent speculaturi,

i. e. in rapid succession, constantly, Liv. 42, 25, 8: vox non paene tragoedorum sed super omnes tragoedos, [p. 1804] Quint. 12, 5, 5:

super modum ac paene naturam,

id. 11, 3, 169:

super necessitatem,

id. 9, 3, 46:

famosissima super ceteras fuit cena ei data adventicia,

Suet. Vit. 13:

super veteres amicos,

id. Tib. 55.—With numerals:

super tris modios,

Liv. 23, 12, 1:

super LX. milia,

Tac. G. 33:

super octingentos annos,

id. A. 13, 58:

super quadraginta reos,

Suet. Calig. 38:

super HS. millies,

id. Caes. 26; id. Ner. 30:

senioribus super sexaginta annos in Epirum missis,

Liv. 26, 25, 11; cf.:

super triginta ducibus triumphos decernendos curavit,

Suet. Aug. 38:

Punicum exercitum super morbum etiam fames affecit,

Liv. 28, 46, 15:

super tam evidentem tristis ominis eventum, etiam, etc.,

id. 41, 18, 14:

super dotem haec tibi dona accedent,

id. 26, 50, 12; 2, 51, 2:

super solitos honores,

id. 2, 31, 3:

super vota fluere,

beyond all wishes, Tac. H. 3, 48:

super obscena dicta et petulans jurgium,

Phaedr. 3, 11, 2:

dare savia super savia,

kisses upon kisses, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 38:

alii super alios trucidentur,

Liv. 1, 50, 6:

vulnus super vulnus,

id. 22, 54, 9:

ut habitationes super pretium libertatis praestarentur,

Dig. 18, 6, 19.—Esp. freq.: super omnia, above all, before all (in Plin. the elder, super omnia and super omnes always at the beginning of the phrase; v. Sillig ad Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 62):

talia carminibus celebrant: super omnia Caci Speluncam adiciunt,

Verg. A. 8, 303:

aetas et forma et super omnia Romanum nomen,

Liv. 31, 18, 3; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 118; Quint. 12, 9, 12; Ov. M. 6, 526; 8, 677; so,

tu super omnes beatus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2; Suet. Vit. 13; Quint. 12, 5, 5.—

Hence, transf., in gen., for plus quam, amplius quam, more than (late Lat.):

qui amat filium aut filiam super me,

Vulg. Matt. 10, 37; cf.:

dulciora sunt super mel et favum,

id. Psa. 18, 11.—

With abl.

Lit., of place or situation (rare and mostly poet.):

regulae, quae lateres, qui super musculo struantur, contineant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

ensis cui super Cervice pendet,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 17:

ligna super foco Large reponens,

id. ib. 1, 9, 5:

parumne campis atque Neptuno super Fusum est Latini sanguinis,

id. Epod. 7, 3:

super Pindo,

id. C. 1, 12, 6:

requiescere Fronde super viridi,

Verg. E. 1, 81. —

Transf.

Of time (cf. supra, A. 2. a.), during, in:

nocte super mediā,

Verg. A. 9, 61; cf.:

Centaurea cum Lapithis rixa super mero Debellata,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 8.—

For the usual de, to indicate respect, reference, upon, about, concerning, respecting (freq. in the ante-class. and after the Aug. period; in Cic. only a few times in his letters; not in Cæs.): nemo antea fecit super tali re cum hoc magistratu utique rem, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 305 Müll.; so Pac. ib.; Plaut. Am. prol. 58; id. Most. 3, 2, 39:

hac super re scribam ad te Rhegio,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

sed hac super re nimis (sc. dixi),

id. ib. 10, 8, 10:

litteras super tantā re exspectare,

Liv. 26, 15, 5:

cura super tali re principum laudata est,

id. 40, 46, 15:

multus eā super re rumor,

Tac. A. 11, 23:

quid nuntias super anu?

Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

super Euclionis filia,

id. Aul. 4, 7, 2:

super ancillā,

id. Cas. 2, 3, 36:

super amicā,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 133; 3, 6, 33; 4, 2, 25:

quid agendum nobis sit super legatione votivā,

Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2:

super tali causā missi,

Nep. Paus. 4:

legare super familia pecuniave sua,

Auct. Her. 1, 13, 23:

super tali causā,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1:

multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa,

Verg. A. 1, 750; 4, 233:

super arvorum cultu,

id. G. 4, 559:

mitte civiles super Urbe curas,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 17:

publicus ludus super impetrato Augusti reditu,

id. ib. 4, 2, 42:

decreta super jugandis Feminis,

id. C. S. 18:

consultant bello super,

Sil. 2, 271; 5, 615:

ne super tali scelere suspectum sese haberet,

Sall. J. 71, 5:

super adimendā vitā,

Amm. 14, 7, 12.—

Over and above, besides, beyond (very rare):

modus agri... hortus... fons... Et paulum silvae super his,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 3:

excogitatum est super his, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 1, 6; Sil. 1, 60.

► In composition, super denotes,

Above, over, of place: supercerno, supercresco, superdo, superemineo, superemorior, superferc, superfluo, superfugio, superfundo, supergredior, superjacio, superimpono, superincumbo, superinduco, supernato, superpono, supersedeo, supersterno, supersto, supervehor, supervenio, etc.—

Less freq., over and above, besides, in addition: superaddo, superbibo, supersum, superstes, superfio.

tardus, a, um, adj., slow, not swift, sluggish, tardy (freq. and class.; syn.: lentus, languidus).

Lit., of motion or action:

velox an tardus sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35:

tardi sumus nos,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 66:

aetate tardiores,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 1 and 4:

fatuus est, insulsus, tardus, stertit noctes et dies,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 49:

redemptor non inertiā aut inopiā tardior fuit,

Cic. Div. 2, 21, 47:

qualem existimas, qui in adulterio deprehenditur? tardum,

id. de Or. 2, 68, 275:

nemo erat adeo tardus aut fugiens laboris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

tarda aliqua et languida pecus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

asellus,

Verg. G. 1, 273:

juvenci,

id. ib. 2, 206: aves, quas Hispania tardas appellat, Graecia ôtidas, Plin. 10, 22, 29, § 56:

Caesar ubi reliquos esse tardiores vidit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

ad injuriam tardiores,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 33:

tardior ad judicandum,

id. Caecin. 4, 9:

ad deponendum imperium,

id. Rep. 2, 12, 23:

ad discedendum,

id. Att. 9, 13, 4; cf.:

Bibulus in decedendo erit, ut audio, tardior,

id. ib. 7, 3, 5:

proci loripedes, tardissimi,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 7:

Apollo,

i. e. unpropitious, Prop. 1, 8, 41. —

Of things concr. and abstr.:

tardiores tibicinis modi et cantus remissiores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 254:

omnia tarda et spissa,

id. Att. 10, 18, 2:

fumus,

Verg. A. 5, 682:

frumenti tarda subvectio,

Liv. 44, 8, 1:

poena tardior,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 7; Quint. 7, 2, 42:

portenta deum tarda et sera nimis, Cic. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: sic mihi tarda fluunt tempora,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 23:

noctes,

coming on late, Verg. G. 2, 482:

tardiora fata,

Hor. Epod. 17, 62:

anne novum tardis sidus te mensibus addas,

i. e. to the long summer months, Verg. G. 1, 32:

nox,

Ov. P. 2, 4, 26:

tarda Genua labant,

Verg. A. 5, 432:

podagra,

i. e. that makes one move slowly, Hor. S. 1, 9, 32:

senectus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 88; Tib. 2, 2, 19; cf.

passus,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

abdomen,

Juv. 4, 107:

onus,

Sen. Phoen. 568:

sapor,

i. e. that lingers long on the palate, Verg. G. 2, 126:

lingua,

Sen. Oedip. 293.— Poet., with gen.:

tardus fugae,

delaying his flight, Val. Fl. 3, 547; and with inf.:

nectere tectos Numquam tarda dolos,

Sil. 3, 234. —

Trop., slow of apprehension, dull, heavy, stupid.

In gen.: Ch. Prorsum nihil intellego. Sy. Hui, tardus es, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 28:

sensus hebetes et tardi,

Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

nimis indociles tardique,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

si qui forte sit tardior,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 127:

tardi ingenii est, rivulos consectari, fontes rerum non videre,

id. ib. 2, 27, 117:

tardo ingenio esse,

id. Agr. 3, 2, 6:

mentes,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

ingenium,

Quint. 1, 3, 2.—

In partic., of speech or of a speaker, slow, not rapid, measured, deliberate:

in utroque genere dicendi principia tarda sunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 213:

stilus,

Quint. 10, 3, 5:

tardior pronuntiatio,

id. 10, 7, 22:

tarda et supina compositio,

id. 9, 4, 137:

tardus in cogitando,

Cic. Brut. 59, 216:

Lentulus non tardus sententiis,

id. ib. 70, 247.—Hence, adv.: tardē.

Slowly, tardily:

tarde percipere (opp. celeriter arripere),

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 31; Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 20; id. Ps. 4, 3, 15; Cic. Fam. 14, 5, 1; id. Att. 3, 7, 3; 5, 15, 3; 11, 22, 2; id. Mil. 20, 54; Verg. G. 2, 3. — Comp.:

tardius moveri,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 51; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 4, 14, 32; id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35; Caes. B. G. 4, 23; id. B. C. 3, 28 al.— Sup.:

tardissime judicare,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7. —

Late, not in time, not early, Pall. 11, 14, 3.— Sup.:

tardissime,

at latest, Plin. 18, 7, 10, §§ 51 and 56: quam tardissime, as late as possible, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 1.

torreo, torrui, tostum ( part. gen. plur. torrentum, Stat. Th. 2, 6; Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46; abl. torrenti, Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 2), 2, v. a. [Sanscr. tarsh, to thirst; Gr. tersomai, to become dry; Germ. Durst.; Engl. thirst], to dry a thing by heat, to parch, roast, bake, scorch, burn, etc. (syn. frigo):

fruges receptas Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo,

Verg. A. 1, 179; Ov. M. 14; 273:

aristas sole novo,

Verg. A. 7, 720:

pisces sole,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 30:

apes mortuas sole verno,

id. 11, 20, 22, § 69:

uvam in tegulis,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84 et saep.; Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 2:

etiamsi in Phalaridis tauro inclusus succensis ignibus torrebatur,

Cic. Pis. 18, 42: e quibus (terrae cingulis) medium illum et maximum solis ardore torreri, id. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

cum undique flamma torrerentur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

montes quos torret Atabulus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 78; cf.:

torrentia agros sidera,

id. C. 3, 1, 31: tosti alti stant parietes, i. e. consumed, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 Vahl.):

carmina flammā,

Tib. 1, 9, 50:

tostos en aspice crines,

Ov. M. 2, 283:

in veribus exta,

to roast, Verg. G. 2, 396:

aliquid in igne,

Ov. F. 2, 578:

artus subjecto igni,

id. M. 1, 229:

carnem,

id. ib. 12, 155 et saep.—Of fever heat, to dry up:

at mihi (vae miserae) torrentur febribus artus,

Ov. H. 21, 169:

febris viscera ipsa torrens,

Sen. Ep. 14, 6; Juv. 9, 17.—Of thirst:

et Canis arenti torreat arva siti,

Tib. 1, 4, 42.—Of the heat of love:

si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum (Venus),

Hor. C. 4, 1, 12; cf.:

correptus saevo Veneris torrebar aëno,

Prop. 3 (4). 24, 13:

torret amor Cyri Lycorida,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 6:

me torret face mutuā Calais,

id. ib. 3, 9, 13:

me amor Glycerae,

id. ib. 3, 19, 28:

femineus pectora torret amor,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 40.—

Transf., of cold, to nip, pinch (cf. uro and aduro): frigore torret, Varr. ap. Non. 452, 11. — Hence, torrens, entis, P. a., in a neutr. sense, burning, hot, inflamed.

Lit. (rare):

terra torrens aestu,

Col. 4, 19, 3:

miles torrens meridiano sole,

Liv. 44, 38, 9:

Sirius,

Verg. G. 4, 425:

flammae,

id. A. 6, 550.— Comp.: Sirius torrentior, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 20.— Sup.:

torrentissimus axis,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 52.—

Transf., of streams, rushing, roaring, boiling, impetuous, rapid, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fluvii,

Varr. R. R. 1, 12, 3:

flumina,

Verg. E. 7, 52:

Nilus toto gurgite,

Val. Fl. 4, 409; cf.:

fluvius Novanus solstitiis torrens,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 229; 3, 4, 5, § 33:

aqua,

Verg. A. 10, 603:

unda,

id. G. 2, 451:

torrentes rapidique cursus amnium,

Just. 44, 1, 7; 4, 1, 9:

impetus (aquae),

Sen. Ep. 23, 8:

sanguis,

Luc. 2, 220; cf.

fatum,

id. 7, 505.— Comp.:

Padus torrentior,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.— Sup.:

Asopos torrentissimus,

Stat. Th. 7, 316.—Hence,

Subst.: torrens, entis, m., a torrent:

cum fertur quasi torrens oratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3; Liv. 33, 18, 12; 35, 28, 8:

rapidus montano flumine torrens Sternit agros,

Verg. A. 2, 305:

fragosus,

id. ib. 7, 567; Ov. R. Am. 651:

tumidus,

id. Am. 1, 7, 43; Sen. Theb. 71; Juv. 6, 319; Luc. 7, 637.—Prov.:

numquam direxit bracchia contra torrentem,

Juv. 4, 90. —

Transf.:

armorum et virorum,

Sil. 12, 189:

umbrarum,

id. 13, 760; cf.

fortunae,

Flor. 2, 7, 1.—

Trop., of speech:

torrens dicentis oratio,

Quint. 3, 8, 60; so,

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

copia dicendi,

Juv. 10, 9; Val. Fl. 4, 261.— Comp.:

sermo Promptus et Isaeo torrentior,

Juv. 3, 74.—Of an orator:

quem (Demosthenem) mirabantur Athenae Torrentem,

Juv. 10, 128.—

Subst.:

se inani verborum torrenti dare,

a stream of words, Quint. 10, 7, 23; cf.:

quo torrente, quo impetu,

Tac. Or. 24.—

* Adv.: torrenter (acc. to B.), violently, impetuously:

torrentius amne Hiberno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 198.

vēlox, ōcis, adj. [akin to volare; cf. veles], swift, quick, fleet, rapid, speedy (class.; syn.: celer, pernix, praepes).

Lit.:

juvenes,

Liv. 26, 4, 4:

pedites velocissimi ac fortissimi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

velocissimus quisque,

Quint. 2, 3, 7:

Breuni,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 11:

cervi,

Verg. A. 5, 253:

catuli,

id. G. 3, 405:

Pristis,

id. A. 5, 116:

pes,

Ov. M. 1, 551:

flamma,

Lucr. 6, 688:

jaculum,

Verg. G. 2, 530:

procella,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 63:

arbores,

rapidly growing, Plin. 17, 13, 20, § 95:

toxicum,

quickly working, Hor. Epod. 17, 61; so,

genus herbae ad mortem, etiam opio velocius,

Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 180:

horae,

Ov. M. 2, 118:

anni,

Mart. 8, 8, 1:

navigatio,

Quint. 12, 2, 24:

celeritas,

Plin. 10, 24, 35, § 73:

Victoria,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64:

moenia (thermae),

quickly built, Mart. Spect. 2, 7.— Poet., for the adv.:

ille velox... Desilit in latices,

Ov. M. 4, 352; Hor. C. 4, 12, 22; Luc. 9, 829.—With inf.:

nec jam hic absistere velox,

Stat. Th. 6, 797.—With ad and acc.:

piger ad poenas princeps, ad praemia velox,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 123.—

Trop.:

nihil est animo velocius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

ingenio veloci ac mobili,

Quint. 6, 4, 8:

natura humani ingenii agilis ac velox,

id. 1, 12, 2:

velox ingenio,

Tac. Agr. 13:

animus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:

acutior atque velocior in urbanitate brevitas,

Quint. 6, 3, 45; cf.:

decurrere materiam stilo quam velocissimo,

id. 10, 3, 17:

velocior (in conjectando),

Phaedr. 3, 3, 1.— Adv.: vēlōcĭter, swiftly, quickly, speedily, Ov. M. 4, 509; 11, 586; Quint. 1, 1, 28; 2, 4, 28; 8, 3, 81; Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241.— Comp., Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29. — Sup., Cic. Univ. 9; Caes. B. G. 5, 35; Suet. Tit. 3.

vŏlātĭlis, e, adj. [id.], flying, winged (class.; cf. ales).

Lit.:

bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

puer,

i. e. Cupid, Ov. Am. 2, 7, 27.— Subst.: vŏlātĭlĕ, is, n., a fowl (late Lat.):

omnia volatilia caeli,

Vulg. Ezek. 32, 4:

omne volatile,

id. Gen. 1, 21.—

Transf.

Swift, rapid:

telum,

i. e. an arrow, Lucr. 1, 970; Ov. A. A. 1, 169; id. M. 7, 841:

ferrum,

Verg. A. 4, 71: cervus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 559, 23, and 515, 20 (al. volabile).—

Fleeting, transitory:

aetas,

Ov. M. 10, 519:

gloria vanum et volatile quiddam est aurāque mobilius,

Sen. Ep. 123, 15:

lepra,

changing from one part to another, Vulg. Lev. 13, 57.

vŏlātĭlis, e, adj. [id.], flying, winged (class.; cf. ales).

Lit.:

bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

puer,

i. e. Cupid, Ov. Am. 2, 7, 27.— Subst.: vŏlātĭlĕ, is, n., a fowl (late Lat.):

omnia volatilia caeli,

Vulg. Ezek. 32, 4:

omne volatile,

id. Gen. 1, 21.—

Transf.

Swift, rapid:

telum,

i. e. an arrow, Lucr. 1, 970; Ov. A. A. 1, 169; id. M. 7, 841:

ferrum,

Verg. A. 4, 71: cervus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 559, 23, and 515, 20 (al. volabile).—

Fleeting, transitory:

aetas,

Ov. M. 10, 519:

gloria vanum et volatile quiddam est aurāque mobilius,

Sen. Ep. 123, 15:

lepra,

changing from one part to another, Vulg. Lev. 13, 57.

vŏlātus, ūs, m. [id.], a flying, flight.

Lit. (used alike in sing. and plur.); sing.:

aquilae admonitus volatu,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26:

puer audaci coepit gaudere volatu,

Ov. M. 8, 223; cf. id. ib. 12, 527:

non si Pegaseo ferar volatu,

Cat. 55, 24.— Plur., Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101; 2, 52, 129; id. Div. 1, 1, 2:

dedit volatus avibus,

the power of flight, App. Flor. 2, p. 348.—

Transf., poet., of any swift motion, rapid course, swiftness, velocity, etc.:

equi,

Claud. Gigant. 47:

celeris famae,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 270:

praeceps fatorum,

Mart. 11, 91, 9.

vŏlūbĭlis, e, adj. [volvo], that is turned round or (more freq.) that turns itself round, turning, spinning, whirling, circling, rolling, revolving.

Lit.:

buxum,

i. e. a top, Verg. A. 7, 382:

caelum,

Cic. Univ. 6 fin.:

sol,

Prud. Cath. 3 praef.:

nexus (anguis),

Ov. M. 3, 41:

volubilis et rotundus deus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 17, 46:

figurae aquae,

Lucr. 3, 190:

procursus,

id. 2, 455:

aquae,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 40; cf.:

labitur (sc. amnis), et labetur in omne volubilis aevum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

aurum,

i. e. the golden apple, Ov. M. 10, 667; cf. id. H. 20, 209:

electrum,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 42:

pila,

App. M. 2, p. 116.—

Trop.

Of speech, rapid, fluent, voluble (the figure taken from rolling waters):

vis volubilis orationis,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25:

oratio,

Cic. Brut. 28, 108:

rotunda volubilisque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 4.— Transf., of the speaker:

homo volubilis quādam praecipiti celeritate dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48; id. Brut. 27, 105; id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 617 P.—

Of fate, changeable, mutable:

vaga volubilisque fortuna,

Cic. Mil. 26, 69; cf.:

cum videamus tot varietates tam volubili orbe circumagi,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6:

fortunae volubiles casus,

Amm. 22, 1, 1:

volubilium casuum diritas,

id. 26, 1, 3.— Adv.: vŏlūbĭ-lĭter.

Swiftly rolling, spinning, Amm. 20, 11, 26; cf. Non. p. 4, 1.—

Trop., of speech, rapidly, fluently, volubly:

funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

Cic. Or. 62, 210.

vŏlūbĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [volubilis], a rapid [p. 2012] whirling motion.

Lit.:

mundi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49; id. Fat. 19, 43; id. Univ. 10; Ov. F. 6, 271; App. Asclep. p. 100, 41.—

Transf., roundness, round form:

fracta capitis latissima,

Ov. M. 12, 434.—

Trop.

Of speech, rapidity, fluency, volubility:

linguae volubilitas,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

flumen aliis verborum volubilitasque cordi est,

id. Or. 16, 53; id. de Or. 1, 5, 17:

nimia vocis,

Quint. 11, 3, 52 (opp. tarditas); 10, 1, 8; Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 4.—

Of fate, changeableness, mutability:

quod temere fit caeco casu et volubilitate fortunae,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15; Plin. 37, 1, 2, § 3.

vŏlūbĭlis, e, adj. [volvo], that is turned round or (more freq.) that turns itself round, turning, spinning, whirling, circling, rolling, revolving.

Lit.:

buxum,

i. e. a top, Verg. A. 7, 382:

caelum,

Cic. Univ. 6 fin.:

sol,

Prud. Cath. 3 praef.:

nexus (anguis),

Ov. M. 3, 41:

volubilis et rotundus deus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 17, 46:

figurae aquae,

Lucr. 3, 190:

procursus,

id. 2, 455:

aquae,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 40; cf.:

labitur (sc. amnis), et labetur in omne volubilis aevum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

aurum,

i. e. the golden apple, Ov. M. 10, 667; cf. id. H. 20, 209:

electrum,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 42:

pila,

App. M. 2, p. 116.—

Trop.

Of speech, rapid, fluent, voluble (the figure taken from rolling waters):

vis volubilis orationis,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25:

oratio,

Cic. Brut. 28, 108:

rotunda volubilisque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 4.— Transf., of the speaker:

homo volubilis quādam praecipiti celeritate dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48; id. Brut. 27, 105; id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 617 P.—

Of fate, changeable, mutable:

vaga volubilisque fortuna,

Cic. Mil. 26, 69; cf.:

cum videamus tot varietates tam volubili orbe circumagi,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6:

fortunae volubiles casus,

Amm. 22, 1, 1:

volubilium casuum diritas,

id. 26, 1, 3.— Adv.: vŏlūbĭ-lĭter.

Swiftly rolling, spinning, Amm. 20, 11, 26; cf. Non. p. 4, 1.—

Trop., of speech, rapidly, fluently, volubly:

funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

Cic. Or. 62, 210.