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principles+of+management

  • 41 época

    f.
    epoch, era, season, age.
    * * *
    1 time, age
    2 HISTORIA period, epoch
    3 AGRICULTURA season, time
    \
    hacer época to be a landmark, make history
    por aquella época about that time
    ser de su época to be with the times
    * * *
    noun f.
    age, epoch, time, period
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=momento histórico) age, period, epoch frm

    durante la época isabelina — in Elizabethan times, in the Elizabethan era o age

    en aquella época — at that time, in that period

    hacer época — to be epoch-making, be a landmark

    época de la serpiente de marhum silly season

    2) (tb: época del año) (=temporada) season, time of year

    época de celo — (Zool) mating season, rutting season

    * * *
    a) ( período de tiempo - en la historia) time, period; (- en la vida) time

    en la época de Franco — in Franco's time, under Franco

    en aquella épocain those days o at that time

    hacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época — a group which marked a new era in musical history

    b) ( parte del año) time of year
    c) (Geol) epoch
    * * *
    = era, epoch, age, period, time.
    Ex. Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.
    Ex. The epoch of management inquiry and research has largely developed during this century, and many schools of thought have tried to formulate the underlying principles of management.
    Ex. He was a frank elitist living in an age of rampant equalitarianism.
    Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.
    Ex. The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    ----
    * anormal para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * coche de época = vintage car.
    * de época = vintage.
    * de esa época = of the period.
    * de la época = of the time(s), of the day.
    * de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.
    * de la época victoriana = Victorian.
    * de + Posesivo + época = of + Posesivo + day.
    * desde la época de = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * de su época = of + Posesivo + time.
    * de una época anterior = vestigial.
    * el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.
    * en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.
    * en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.
    * en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.
    * en épocas de = in times of.
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.
    * en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.
    * en épocas difíciles = in times of need.
    * en épocas pasadas = in past ages.
    * en esta época del año = around this time of year.
    * en la época de posguerra = in the postwar period.
    * en la época prehistórica = in prehistoric times.
    * en la misma época = contemporaneously.
    * en + Posesivo + época = in + Posesivo + time.
    * en una época de = in a period of.
    * en una época de transición = in a period of transition.
    * en una época en donde = in an age where.
    * época clásica, la = classical age, the.
    * época colonial = frontier days, colonial times.
    * época del año = season.
    * época del celo = rutting, rutting season.
    * época de lluvias = rainy season.
    * época de paz = peacetime [peace time].
    * época de plantar = planting time.
    * época de vacaciones = holiday season.
    * época dorada = glory days.
    * época lluviosa = rainy season.
    * época medieval = mediaeval period [medieval period, -USA], mediaeval times [medieval times, -USA].
    * época pasada = bygone era.
    * época postcolonial = post-colonial times.
    * épocas anteriores = earlier times.
    * época universitaria = school days.
    * época victoriana, la = Victorian Era, the.
    * esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.
    * hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.
    * Inglaterra de la época victoriana = Victorian England.
    * la época de Algo = in season.
    * novela de época = period novel.
    * posterior a la época esclavista = post-slavery.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * ser una buena época = be a good time.
    * tendencia de la época, la = trend of the times, the.
    * típico de la época = olde quaynte.
    * * *
    a) ( período de tiempo - en la historia) time, period; (- en la vida) time

    en la época de Franco — in Franco's time, under Franco

    en aquella épocain those days o at that time

    hacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época — a group which marked a new era in musical history

    b) ( parte del año) time of year
    c) (Geol) epoch
    * * *
    = era, epoch, age, period, time.

    Ex: Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.

    Ex: The epoch of management inquiry and research has largely developed during this century, and many schools of thought have tried to formulate the underlying principles of management.
    Ex: He was a frank elitist living in an age of rampant equalitarianism.
    Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.
    Ex: The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    * anormal para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * coche de época = vintage car.
    * de época = vintage.
    * de esa época = of the period.
    * de la época = of the time(s), of the day.
    * de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.
    * de la época victoriana = Victorian.
    * de + Posesivo + época = of + Posesivo + day.
    * desde la época de = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * de su época = of + Posesivo + time.
    * de una época anterior = vestigial.
    * el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.
    * en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.
    * en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.
    * en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.
    * en épocas de = in times of.
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.
    * en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.
    * en épocas difíciles = in times of need.
    * en épocas pasadas = in past ages.
    * en esta época del año = around this time of year.
    * en la época de posguerra = in the postwar period.
    * en la época prehistórica = in prehistoric times.
    * en la misma época = contemporaneously.
    * en + Posesivo + época = in + Posesivo + time.
    * en una época de = in a period of.
    * en una época de transición = in a period of transition.
    * en una época en donde = in an age where.
    * época clásica, la = classical age, the.
    * época colonial = frontier days, colonial times.
    * época del año = season.
    * época del celo = rutting, rutting season.
    * época de lluvias = rainy season.
    * época de paz = peacetime [peace time].
    * época de plantar = planting time.
    * época de vacaciones = holiday season.
    * época dorada = glory days.
    * época lluviosa = rainy season.
    * época medieval = mediaeval period [medieval period, -USA], mediaeval times [medieval times, -USA].
    * época pasada = bygone era.
    * época postcolonial = post-colonial times.
    * épocas anteriores = earlier times.
    * época universitaria = school days.
    * época victoriana, la = Victorian Era, the.
    * esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.
    * hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.
    * Inglaterra de la época victoriana = Victorian England.
    * la época de Algo = in season.
    * novela de época = period novel.
    * posterior a la época esclavista = post-slavery.
    * primera época, la = early days, the.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * ser una buena época = be a good time.
    * tendencia de la época, la = trend of the times, the.
    * típico de la época = olde quaynte.

    * * *
    1 (período de tiempoen la historia) time, period; (— en la vida) time
    una época de grandes cambios sociales a period o time o an age of great social change
    durante la época victoriana in Victorian times, in the Victorian age o era
    en la época de Franco in Franco's time, under Franco
    una época gloriosa de nuestra historia a glorious time in o period of our history
    en aquella época había dos pretendientes al trono at that time o in that period o during that period there were two pretenders to the throne
    muebles de época period furniture
    la época más feliz de su vida the happiest time o period of her life
    en aquella época yo trabajaba en la fábrica in those days o at that time I was working in the factory
    en épocas de crisis in times of crisis
    está pasando por una buena época she's doing very well
    hacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época a group which represented a landmark o marked a new era in musical history
    2 (parte del año) time of year
    odio esta época del año I hate this time of year
    durante la época de lluvias during the rainy season
    no es época de naranjas oranges are not in season at the moment, it's the wrong time of year for oranges
    es la época de las cometas it's the kite-flying season
    3 ( Geol) epoch
    una formación de la época eocena a formation of the Eocene epoch
    Compuestos:
    mating season
    época dorada or de oro
    golden age
    * * *

     

    época sustantivo femenino


    la época de los Tudor the Tudor period;
    muebles de época period furniture;
    en aquella época in those days o at that time;
    esa época de mi vida that period of my life;
    es música de mi época it's music from my time


    época sustantivo femenino
    1 (periodo de tiempo) period, time: vivió en la época de Felipe II, he lived in the time of Felipe the second
    en aquella época, at that time
    2 Agr season: es época de vendimia, it's grape harvest season
    no es época de fresas, strawberries aren't in season
    3 Geol age, epoch
    ♦ Locuciones: hacer época, to be a landmark
    ' época' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antigüedad
    - apuro
    - estrechez
    - extemporánea
    - extemporáneo
    - marco
    - moral
    - recrear
    - remontarse
    - temporada
    - tiempo
    - traje
    - transcurrir
    - adelantar
    - conflictivo
    - cosecha
    - dorado
    - edad
    - era
    - extender
    - lejano
    - lluvioso
    - manifestación
    - momento
    - pasado
    - paz
    - remoto
    - suceder
    English:
    accomplished
    - age
    - antique
    - dawn
    - day
    - epoch
    - later
    - mating season
    - period
    - season
    - time
    - vintage
    - contemporary
    - era
    - golden
    - peace
    * * *
    época nf
    1. [periodo histórico] epoch, era;
    la época victoriana the Victorian era;
    en la época de Zapata at the time of Zapata;
    en aquella época los dinosaurios poblaban la Tierra at that time dinosaurs roamed the Earth;
    coche de época vintage car;
    muebles de época period furniture;
    vestido de época period dress;
    hacer época to become a symbol of its time;
    una película/una victoria de las que hacen época a movie/victory that will go down in history
    2. [periodo de la vida] period;
    prefiere no recordar esa época de su vida he prefers not to recall that period in his life;
    en aquella época vivíamos en Manchester at that time we lived in Manchester;
    lleva una época larga sin trabajar he's been out of work for a long period;
    la empresa ha pasado por una mala época the company has been through a bad spell
    3. [estación] season;
    la época de las lluvias the rainy season;
    la época del apareamiento the mating season
    4. Geol age
    * * *
    f
    1 time, period;
    en aquella época at that time;
    hacer época be epoch-making
    2 parte del año time of year
    3 GEOL epoch
    * * *
    época nf
    1) edad, era, período: epoch, age, period
    2) : time of year, season
    3)
    de época : vintage, antique
    * * *
    época n time
    su época de estudiante his student days / when he was a student

    Spanish-English dictionary > época

  • 42 Führungsgrundsätze

    Führungsgrundsätze mpl MGT, WIWI principles of management, management principles

    Business german-english dictionary > Führungsgrundsätze

  • 43 принципы управления

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > принципы управления

  • 44 organización2

    2 = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.
    Ex. Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.
    Ex. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex. Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex. Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.
    Ex. No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).
    Ex. 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.
    Ex. This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.
    Ex. Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.
    Ex. The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.
    Ex. Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    Ex. There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.
    Ex. This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.
    ----
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.
    * desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].
    * metaorganización = meta-organisation.
    * modelo de organización = organisational scheme.
    * organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.
    * organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.
    * organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.
    * organización interna = organisational structure.
    * organización laboral = job structuring.
    * reorganización = respacing.
    * una organización de = a pattern of.

    Spanish-English dictionary > organización2

  • 45 organización

    f.
    1 organization, hierarchy, array, structure.
    2 institution, entity, organism, foundation.
    3 organizing.
    * * *
    1 organization
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    OPEP
    * * *
    femenino organization

    una organización sindicala labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

    * * *
    femenino organization

    una organización sindicala labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

    * * *
    organización1
    1 = establishment, organisation [organization, -USA], institution.

    Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

    Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.
    Ex: The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.
    * Comité de las Organizaciones = Committee of Agricultural Producer Organizations (COPA).
    * comportamiento de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.
    * comunicación dentro de una organización = organisational communication.
    * conducta de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.
    * OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].
    * organigrama de una organización = organisation chart.
    * organización afiliada = sister organisation.
    * organización agraria = agricultural organisation.
    * organización a la que pertenece = parent organisation.
    * organización benéfica = aid agency, aid organisation.
    * organización cívica = community organisation.
    * Organización Cultural, Científica y Educativa de las Naciones Unidas (UNESCO = UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).
    * organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.
    * organización empresarial = business organisation.
    * organización intergubernamental (OIG) = intergovernmental organisation (IGO).
    * organización internacional = international organisation.
    * Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) = International Labour Organisation (ILO).
    * Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.
    * organización mafiosa = crime syndicate.
    * organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.
    * Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) = World Health Organisation (WHO).
    * Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).
    * Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) = FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation).
    * Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
    * organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.
    * OTAN (Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte) = NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).
    * una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.
    * uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

    organización2
    2 = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.

    Ex: Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.

    Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex: Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.
    Ex: No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).
    Ex: 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.
    Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.
    Ex: Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.
    Ex: The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.
    Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.
    Ex: There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.
    Ex: This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.
    * desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].
    * metaorganización = meta-organisation.
    * modelo de organización = organisational scheme.
    * organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.
    * organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.
    * organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.
    * organización interna = organisational structure.
    * organización laboral = job structuring.
    * reorganización = respacing.
    * una organización de = a pattern of.

    * * *
    1 (acción) organization
    2 (agrupación, institución) organization
    una organización ecologista an ecological organization
    una organización sindical a labor ( AmE) o ( BrE) trade union
    organización de bienestar social welfare organization
    Compuestos:
    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
    World Intellectual Property Organization
    World Trade Organization
    * * *

     

    organización sustantivo femenino
    organization
    organización sustantivo femenino
    1 organization: la organización del concierto fue un desastre, the concert was disastrously organized
    2 (asociación) organization
    Organización No Gubernamental (ONG), Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
    ' organización' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adherirse
    - aparato
    - desactivar
    - endosar
    - entrar
    - escala
    - F.A.O.
    - INTERPOL
    - lucro
    - mafiosa
    - mafioso
    - ONG
    - OTAN
    - OUA
    - sede
    - seno
    - terrorista
    - adhesión
    - articulación
    - barón
    - boda
    - caritativo
    - correr
    - cuadro
    - cúspide
    - depurar
    - disolución
    - disolver
    - emplear
    - entidad
    - funcionario
    - infiltrar
    - ingresar
    - ingreso
    - integrar
    - jerarquía
    - marina
    - miembro
    - obra
    - ONCE
    - ONU
    - permanencia
    - pertenencia
    - programación
    - radio
    - remodelación
    - remodelar
    - renovación
    - renovar
    - representar
    English:
    base
    - charitable
    - charity
    - disband
    - entrance
    - Interpol
    - join
    - lead
    - motto
    - NATO
    - NGO
    - nonprofit
    - organization
    - outfit
    - patron
    - picketing
    - PLO
    - policy
    - reshape
    - service
    - set-up
    - shake up
    - show
    - start
    - superintendent
    - system
    - top-heavy
    - trust
    - umbrella organisation
    - voluntary organization
    - watchdog
    - credit
    - in-house
    - insider
    - second
    - syndicate
    - united
    * * *
    1. [orden] organization
    2. [organismo] organization;
    las organizaciones sindicales the trade o US labor unions
    organización de ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid organization;
    organización benéfica charity, charitable organization;
    organización de consumidores consumer organization;
    Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;
    Organización de Estados Americanos Organization of American States;
    Organización Internacional de Normalización International Standards Organization;
    Organización Internacional del Trabajo International Labour Organization;
    Organización para la Liberación de Palestina Palestine Liberation Organization;
    Organización Mundial del Comercio World Trade Organization;
    Organización Mundial de la Salud World Health Organization;
    Organización de las Naciones Unidas United Nations Organization;
    organización no gubernamental non-governmental organization;
    Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;
    Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe;
    Organización para la Unidad Africana Organization of African Unity;
    Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte North Atlantic Treaty Organization
    * * *
    f organization
    * * *
    organización nf, pl - ciones : organization
    * * *
    organización n organization

    Spanish-English dictionary > organización

  • 46 управление природными ресурсами

    1. management of natural resources

     

    управление природными ресурсами

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    management of natural resources
    Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. (Source: MUCKa)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > управление природными ресурсами

  • 47 принципы управления

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > принципы управления

  • 48 принципы управления

    Русско-Английский новый экономический словарь > принципы управления

  • 49 change control

    "Principles and processes that facilitate the management of change without compromising the quality or integrity of an IT project or solution, through structured procedures for submitting, approving, implementing, and reviewing change requests."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > change control

  • 50 основополагающие принципы управления Играми

    1. Games management guiding principles

     

    основополагающие принципы управления Играми
    Основополагающие принципы подхода к управлению Играми таковы:
    • минимизация риска и
    • максимизация возможностей.
    Четкая и эффективная структура партнерства, наряду с эффективным управлением и ежедневной работой, должны не только минимизировать риски, но и максимально увеличить возможности для выполнения задач организаторов и МОК.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    Games management guiding principles
    Guiding principles of the Games management approach are:
    • minimization of risk, and
    • maximization of opportunity.clear and effective partnership structure, with efficient management and day-today operations, should not only minimize risks, but also should maximize the opportunities to fulfill the objectives of the organizers and the IOC.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > основополагающие принципы управления Играми

  • 51 acometer

    v.
    1 to attack.
    le acometió el sueño he was overcome by tiredness
    El maleante acometió a Silvia ayer The mugger attacked Silvia yesterday.
    2 to undertake.
    Mario acomete una empresa Mario undertakes a venture.
    3 to undertake to, to begin to.
    Alicia acometió poner la obra en escena Alice undertook to stage the play.
    4 to rush against, to dash against.
    Los soldados acometieron el fuerte The soldiers rushed against the fort.
    5 to be suddenly assailed by, to feel, to be suddenly overcome by.
    Le acometió un mal presentimiento He was suddenly assailed by a bad...
    * * *
    1 (embestir) to attack
    2 (emprender) to undertake
    3 (empezar repentinamente) to be seized by
    * * *
    verb
    1) to undertake, tackle
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=atacar) to attack, set upon; [toro] to charge
    2) [+ tarea] to undertake, attempt; [+ asunto] to tackle, deal with; [+ construcción] to begin, start on
    3) [sueño] to overcome; [miedo] to seize, take hold of; [dudas] to assail; [enfermedad] to attack

    le acometieron dudas — he was assailed by doubts, he began to have doubts

    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( atacar) to attack
    2) <empresa/proyecto> to undertake, tackle; < reforma> to undertake
    3) ( asaltar) temor/deseo to take hold of
    2.
    acometer vi to attack

    acometer contra algo/alguien — to attack something/somebody

    * * *
    = attack, come to + grips with, embark on/upon, go about, assail, get to + grips with, set out on, get + a grip on.
    Ex. Some of the deficiencies in our catalogs are the result of very practical factors in personnel resources; some are probably a fault in the way that we attack subject headings and put them in the catalog.
    Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex. Before we embark upon more extensive consideration of the software packages and their use in information retrieval, it is worth reviewing the options for computer hardware.
    Ex. I think he outlined the feasible way to go about meeting our needs without doing in anybody else in the process.
    Ex. It's ridiculous to assail people who are making a code for abandoning all the principles which have been going strong for 100 years.
    Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex. However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.
    Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    ----
    * acometer un problema = attack + problem.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( atacar) to attack
    2) <empresa/proyecto> to undertake, tackle; < reforma> to undertake
    3) ( asaltar) temor/deseo to take hold of
    2.
    acometer vi to attack

    acometer contra algo/alguien — to attack something/somebody

    * * *
    = attack, come to + grips with, embark on/upon, go about, assail, get to + grips with, set out on, get + a grip on.

    Ex: Some of the deficiencies in our catalogs are the result of very practical factors in personnel resources; some are probably a fault in the way that we attack subject headings and put them in the catalog.

    Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex: Before we embark upon more extensive consideration of the software packages and their use in information retrieval, it is worth reviewing the options for computer hardware.
    Ex: I think he outlined the feasible way to go about meeting our needs without doing in anybody else in the process.
    Ex: It's ridiculous to assail people who are making a code for abandoning all the principles which have been going strong for 100 years.
    Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex: However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.
    Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    * acometer un problema = attack + problem.

    * * *
    acometer [E1 ]
    vt
    A (atacar) to attack
    B ‹empresa/proyecto› to undertake, tackle; ‹reforma› to undertake
    C (asaltar) «temor/deseo» to seize, take hold of
    me acometió el sueño sleep came over me
    de repente me acometió la duda I was suddenly assailed by doubt
    ■ acometer
    vi
    to attack acometer CONTRA algo/algn to attack sth/sb
    * * *

    acometer ( conjugate acometer) verbo intransitivo
    to attack;
    acometer contra algo/algn to attack sth/sb
    acometer verbo transitivo
    1 (una tarea) to undertake
    2 (agredir) to attack
    3 (sobrevenir, asaltar) to be struck by: me acometían serias dudas sobre su honestidad, I was struck by doubts about his honesty
    ' acometer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    arremeter
    English:
    attack
    - go
    - set
    * * *
    vt
    1. [atacar] to attack
    2. [emprender] to undertake;
    acometió la tarea con ilusión she took on the task with enthusiasm
    3. [sobrevenir]
    me acometió un dolor punzante I was hit by a stabbing pain;
    me acometió el sueño I was overcome by sleepiness
    vi
    [embestir] to attack;
    acometer contra to attack, to charge at
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 attack
    2 tarea, proyecto undertake, tackle
    II v/i attack;
    * * *
    1) atacar: to attack, to assail
    2) emprender: to undertake, to begin
    acometer contra : to rush against
    * * *
    acometer vb to attack

    Spanish-English dictionary > acometer

  • 52 sistema

    m.
    por sistema systematically
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system
    sistema decimal decimal system
    sistema fiscal o impositivo tax system
    sistema inmunológico immune system
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system
    sistema monetario europeo European Monetary System
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema periódico de los elementos periodic table of elements
    sistema de seguridad security system
    sistema solar solar system
    2 method.
    3 system (computing).
    sistema experto/operativo expert/operating system
    * * *
    1 system
    \
    por sistema as a rule
    sistema cableado hard-wired system
    sistema de ecuaciones simultaneous equations plural
    sistema experto expert system
    sistema métrico decimal decimal metric system
    sistema montañoso mountain chain
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema operativo operative system
    sistema planetario planetary system
    sistema solar solar system
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=conjunto ordenado) system

    sistema binario — (Inform) binary system

    sistema de calefacción — heating, heating system

    sistema de fondo fijo — (Com) imprest system

    sistema frontal — (Meteo) front, frontal system

    sistema inmunitario, sistema inmunológico — immune system

    sistema rastreador[en investigaciones espaciales] tracking system

    2) (=método) method

    yo por sistema lo hago así — I make it a rule to do it this way, I've got into the habit of doing it this way

    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.
    Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex. We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex. The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    ----
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.
    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.

    Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

    Ex: We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex: The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

    * * *
    A (método) system
    necesitamos un nuevo sistema we need a new way of doing things o a new system
    trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically
    él se opone a todo lo que yo propongo, por sistema he systematically o invariably opposes everything I propose, as a matter of course he opposes everything I propose
    B
    el sistema educativo/impositivo the education/tax system
    el sistema de calefacción the heating system
    2 ( Inf) system
    entrar en or al sistema to log in o on
    salir del sistema to log out o off
    Compuestos:
    ( Mil) Electronic Counter Measures
    distribution system
    set of simultaneous equations
    satellite navegation system
    through-ticketing
    expert system
    metric system
    European Monetary System
    mountain range
    nervous system
    central nervous system
    operating system
    disk operating system
    solar system
    ( Esp) through-ticketing
    * * *

     

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 ( método) system;
    trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically

    2 ( conjunto organizado) system;

    sistema solar solar system;
    Ssistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System
    3 (Inf) system;
    entrar en el/salir del sistema to log on/off

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 system
    sistema circulatorio, circulatory system
    sistema operativo, operating system
    2 (modo) tenemos que buscar un sistema para hacerlo, we have to find a way to do it
    ♦ Locuciones: por sistema, as a rule
    ' sistema' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bicameral
    - decimal
    - dicotomía
    - educativa
    - educativo
    - enseñanza
    - inconveniente
    - instrumentación
    - inutilizar
    - LOGSE
    - métrica
    - métrico
    - monetaria
    - monetario
    - obsoleta
    - obsoleto
    - perfección
    - poner
    - refrigeración
    - salir
    - simulador
    - simuladora
    - SME
    - SMI
    - solar
    - subsistir
    - sufragio
    - tributación
    - tributaria
    - tributario
    - vía
    - vídeo
    - afianzar
    - afiliarse
    - alfabetizar
    - aparato
    - aplicar
    - cómodo
    - complicado
    - defecto
    - desbaratar
    - ejido
    - escritura
    - falla
    - fórmula
    - funcionamiento
    - impositivo
    - inadecuado
    - ineficaz
    - ingeniar
    English:
    advanced
    - Amtrak
    - antilock braking system
    - backup
    - change over
    - decimal system
    - develop
    - development
    - diagram
    - DOS
    - efficient
    - electronic
    - establishment
    - European Monetary System
    - flagship
    - glitch
    - GPA
    - imperial mile
    - instal
    - install
    - institute
    - log in
    - log off
    - log on
    - log out
    - machinery
    - metric
    - MIS
    - nervous system
    - operating system
    - operational
    - PA
    - piecemeal
    - plumbing
    - pony express
    - process
    - respiratory system
    - retrieval
    - sanitary
    - service
    - set-up
    - sewerage
    - system
    - tax system
    - unsystematic
    - unsystematically
    - comprehensive
    - day
    - decimalization
    - down
    * * *
    nm
    1. [conjunto ordenado] system
    sistema de apertura retardada time lock;
    sistema de apoyo support system;
    el sistema bancario the banking system;
    Astron sistema binario [de estrellas] binary system;
    sistema cegesimal [de unidades] CGS system;
    el Sistema Central = Spanish central mountain range;
    sistema de coordenadas coordinate system;
    sistema decimal decimal system;
    TV sistema dual bilingual broadcasting;
    sistema fiscal tax system;
    el Sistema Ibérico the Iberian chain;
    sistema impositivo tax system;
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system;
    Sistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System;
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range;
    sistema periódico (de los elementos) periodic table (of elements);
    sistema planetario planetary system;
    sistema político political system;
    sistema de referencia frame of reference;
    sistema de seguridad security system;
    sistema solar solar system;
    sistema de transportes transport system;
    sistema tributario tax system
    2. Anat system
    sistema cardiovascular cardiovascular system;
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system;
    sistema endocrino endocrine system;
    sistema inmunológico immune system;
    sistema linfático lymphatic system;
    sistema nervioso nervous system;
    sistema nervioso central central nervous system
    3. [método, orden] method;
    trabajar con sistema to work methodically
    4. Informát system
    sistema de alimentación ininterrumpida uninterruptible power supply;
    sistema de almacenamiento storage system;
    sistema de archivos jerárquicos hierarchical file system;
    sistema de autor authoring system;
    sistema binario binary system;
    sistema experto expert system;
    sistema de gestión de bases de datos database management system;
    sistema hexadecimal hexadecimal system, base 16;
    sistema multiprocesador multiprocessor system;
    sistema multiusuario multi-user system;
    sistema de nombres de dominio domain name system;
    sistema operativo operating system
    5. Ling system
    por sistema loc adv
    systematically;
    me lleva la contraria por sistema he always argues with everything I say
    SISTEMA EDUCATIVO
    The Spanish education system starts with free nursery school from 3 to 6. This is followed by primary school from 6 to 12, and compulsory secondary education from 12 to 16, successful completion of which entitles pupils to a “secondary school diploma”. There is then a choice of a general course of study (“bachillerato”) or a technical one, both of two years. The bachillerato allows access to university courses, which can lead to a diploma or degree. In Latin America, there is great variation in educational provision from country to country. The end of compulsory education ranges from age 11 in Honduras to 16 in Peru, though in most countries it is between 13 and 15. Actual enrolment in primary school is high, even in the poorer countries, but about a third of secondary-school-age Latin American children are not actually enrolled. In a poor country such as Guatemala this rises to two-thirds, compared with the high level of secondary enrolment in Argentina, Chile or Cuba.
    * * *
    m system
    * * *
    : system
    * * *
    sistema n system

    Spanish-English dictionary > sistema

  • 53 gestor documental

    (n.) = document retrieval system, information retrieval system (IRS), text information management system, document management software, document management system, information manager, record manager [records manager]
    Ex. A document retrieval system may be described by 3 formal characteristics: the syntax employed to describe documents, the form of machine-processable queries it accepts as valid and the retrieval rules used to rank or retrieve documents.
    Ex. Modern information technology has opened up several new possibilities of conceptual design of information retrieval systems (IRS) that more fully reflect actual searching behaviour.
    Ex. Computer-based information retrieval systems include the services of the online search service suppliers, CD-ROM products, inhouse text information management systems and online public access catalogues.
    Ex. This article suggests document management software as a new approach to managing small or large files of evidentiary documents.
    Ex. Information professionals have come to recognise the importance of software in the performance of document management systems.
    Ex. The information manager supervises all services to ensure competitiveness, optimal staff deployment and attention to users.
    Ex. New technologies are making long-cherished concepts held by all information handlers -- librarians, archivists, record managers -- seem mere provincialisms rather than sacred theory or immutable principles.
    * * *
    (n.) = document retrieval system, information retrieval system (IRS), text information management system, document management software, document management system, information manager, record manager [records manager]

    Ex: A document retrieval system may be described by 3 formal characteristics: the syntax employed to describe documents, the form of machine-processable queries it accepts as valid and the retrieval rules used to rank or retrieve documents.

    Ex: Modern information technology has opened up several new possibilities of conceptual design of information retrieval systems (IRS) that more fully reflect actual searching behaviour.
    Ex: Computer-based information retrieval systems include the services of the online search service suppliers, CD-ROM products, inhouse text information management systems and online public access catalogues.
    Ex: This article suggests document management software as a new approach to managing small or large files of evidentiary documents.
    Ex: Information professionals have come to recognise the importance of software in the performance of document management systems.
    Ex: The information manager supervises all services to ensure competitiveness, optimal staff deployment and attention to users.
    Ex: New technologies are making long-cherished concepts held by all information handlers -- librarians, archivists, record managers -- seem mere provincialisms rather than sacred theory or immutable principles.

    Spanish-English dictionary > gestor documental

  • 54 Taylor, Frederick Winslow

    [br]
    b. 20 March 1856 Germantown, Pennsylvania, USA
    d. 21 March 1915 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    [br]
    American mechanical engineer and pioneer of scientific management.
    [br]
    Frederick W.Taylor received his early education from his mother, followed by some years of schooling in France and Germany. Then in 1872 he entered Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, to prepare for Harvard Law School, as it was intended that he should follow his father's profession. However, in 1874 he had to abandon his studies because of poor eyesight, and he began an apprenticeship at a pump-manufacturing works in Philadelphia learning the trades of pattern-maker and machinist. On its completion in 1878 he joined the Midvale Steel Company, at first as a labourer but then as Shop Clerk and Foreman, finally becoming Chief Engineer in 1884. At the same time he was able to resume study in the evenings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, and in 1883 he obtained the degree of Mechanical Engineer (ME). He also found time to take part in amateur sport and in 1881 he won the tennis doubles championship of the United States.
    It was while with the Midvale Steel Company that Taylor began the systematic study of workshop management, and the application of his techniques produced significant increases in the company's output and productivity. In 1890 he became Manager of a company operating large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin, until 1893 when he set up on his own account as a consulting engineer specializing in management organization. In 1898 he was retained exclusively by the Bethlehem Steel Company, and there continued his work on the metal-cutting process that he had started at Midvale. In collaboration with J.Maunsel White (1856–1912) he developed high-speed tool steels and their heat treatment which increased cutting capacity by up to 300 per cent. He resigned from the Bethlehem Steel Company in 1901 and devoted the remainder of his life to expounding the principles of scientific management which became known as "Taylorism". The Society to Promote the Science of Management was established in 1911, renamed the Taylor Society after his death. He was an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was its President in 1906; his presidential address "On the Art of Cutting Metals" was reprinted in book form.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Paris Exposition Gold Medal 1900. Franklin Institute Elliott Cresson Gold Medal 1900. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1906. Hon. ScD, University of Pennsylvania 1906. Hon. LLD, Hobart College 1912.
    Bibliography
    F.W.Taylor was the author of about 100 patents, several papers to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, On the Art of Cutting Metals (1907, New York) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911, New York) and, with S.E.Thompson, 1905 A Treatise on Concrete, New York, and Concrete Costs, 1912, New York.
    Further Reading
    The standard biography is Frank B.Copley, 1923, Frederick W.Taylor, Father of Scientific Management, New York (reprinted 1969, New York) and there have been numerous commentaries on his work: see, for example, Daniel Nelson, 1980, Frederick W.Taylor and the Rise of Scientific Management, Madison, Wis.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Taylor, Frederick Winslow

  • 55 principle

    ˈprɪnsəpl сущ.
    1) принцип а) правило;
    закон, норма;
    основная идея a question of principleпринципиальный вопрос as a matter of principleв принципе of principle ≈ принципиальный down a principle ≈ сформулировать правило/закон to adhere to, apply a principle ≈ применять правило/закон to establish, formulate, lay basic principlesосновные принципы deep background principle ≈ амер. принцип "без права ссылки на источник" (согласно этому принципу информация, предоставляемая журналистам, может быть опубликована без ссылки на источник ее получения) guiding principle ≈ руководящий принцип/мотив unanimity principle ≈ принцип единогласия in principle on the principle that Syn: law, rule, assumption, axiom, theorem б) моральные нормы и правила high principle ≈ высокие идеалы/принципы/мотивы strict principle ≈ строгие правила a man of no principlesбеспринципный человек man of high(est) principles ≈ высокопринципиальный человек to betray, compromise one's principles ≈ изменить своим принципам, пойти на сделку с совестью We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. ≈ Мы следуем принципу, по которому с каждым следует поступать по-честному. on principle в) принцип устройства машины, механизма и т. п.
    2) первопричина;
    источник, причина;
    основа Syn: cause
    3) хим. составная часть, элемент принцип, основа, закон - Archimedes' *, buoyancy * закон Архимеда - *s of war принципы военного искусства - *s of biology основы биологии - * of action and reaction закон равенства действия и противодействия - * of universal gravitation закон всемирного тяготения норма, основное правило( поведения) ;
    принцип - unanimity *, * of unanimity принцип единогласия - on * из принципа;
    в соответствии с правилом, нормой, привычкой и т. п. - he drank hot milk every night on * у него было правилом /он имел обыкновение/ каждый вечер пить горячее молоко - in * в принципе - a man of * принципиальный человек - a man of no *s беспринципный человек - to stick to one's *s придерживаться своих принципов - the *s of a political party принципы политической партии - I make it a * never to lend money я взял за правило, никому не давать взаймы принцип (работы) ;
    основа (действия, устройства) - step * ступенчатый принцип конструирования( ракеты) - to work on * работать /действовать/ по какому-л. принципу - in all these instruments the * is the same все эти инструменты действуют по одному и тому-же принципу специфика действия, действующее начало лекарственного вещества источник, первопричина, первооснова( химическое) составная часть, элемент accruals ~ принцип наращивания accusatorial ~ доктрина обвинения adhesion ~ принцип согласия ~ принцип;
    правило;
    закон;
    as a matter of principle в принципе;
    unanimity principle принцип единогласия assessment ~ принцип оценки auditing ~ принцип проведения ревизии averaging ~ принцип усреднения basic ~ основной принцип benefit ~ принцип полезности business ~ деловой принцип business ~ принципы ведения торгово-промышленной деятельности calculation ~ принцип вычислений calculation ~ принцип расчета cutting-off ~ принцип периодизации decision as to ~ решение в принципе depreciation ~ принцип начисления износа distribution/contribution ~ принцип распределения и отчисления domain ~s специальные принципы equimarginal ~ принцип равенства в пределе exclusion ~ принцип исключения FIFO ~ принцип обслуживания в порядке поступления FIFO ~ принцип расходования в порядке поступления first-in-first-out ~ принцип обслуживания в порядке поступления first-in-last-out ~ принцип обслуживания в обратном порядке fundamental ~ основной принцип going concern ~ принцип деятельности предприятия immutability ~ принцип неизменности in ~ в принципе;
    on principle из принципа;
    on the principle that исходя из того, что inventory ~ принцип управления запасами invoicing ~ порядок выписки счета-фактуры leading ~ основной принцип legal ~ правовой принцип liberty ~ принцип свободы majority ~ принцип большинства man of high(est) ~ высокопринципиальный человек;
    a man of no principles беспринципный человек management ~ руководящий принцип management ~ управленческий принцип maximum ~ принцип максимума of ~ принципиальный;
    a question of principle принципиальный вопрос in ~ в принципе;
    on principle из принципа;
    on the principle that исходя из того, что in ~ в принципе;
    on principle из принципа;
    on the principle that исходя из того, что parity ~ принцип паритета polluter pays ~ принцип "загрязнитель платит" precautionary ~ принцип предосторожности principle аксиома ~ закон ~ основа ~ основное правило ~ первопричина;
    причина, источник ~ правило ~ принцип, доктрина, правило, норма ~ принцип;
    правило;
    закон;
    as a matter of principle в принципе;
    unanimity principle принцип единогласия ~ принцип ~ принцип устройства (машины, механизма и т. п.) ~ хим. составная часть, элемент ~ for allocation of reserves принцип распределения резервов ~ of 'just who do you think you are' принцип "вы именно тот, кем вы себя считаете" ~ of balance принцип баланса ~ of causation принцип причинной обусловленности ~ of equal pay принцип равной оплаты ~ of equality принцип равенства ~ of free access to public records принцип свободного доступа к государственным архивам ~ of law правовая норма ~ of oral proceedings принцип устного производства ~ of reciprocity принцип взаимности ~ of scission система раздельных режимов супружеской собственности для движимости и недвижимости ~ of solidarity принцип солидарности ~ of surrogation принцип замещения pro rata ~ принцип пропорциональности quality ~ принцип обеспечения качества of ~ принципиальный;
    a question of principle принципиальный вопрос question!: ~ of principle вопрос принципа rating ~ принцип расчета страховых премий rating ~ принцип расчета тарифных ставок realization ~ принцип реализации reserve allocation ~ принцип распределения резерва resolution ~ принцип резолюций scarcity ~ принцип недостаточности shortage ~ принцип дефицита tax ~ принцип налогообложения territorial ~ территориальный принцип total cost ~ принцип общей стоимости ~ принцип;
    правило;
    закон;
    as a matter of principle в принципе;
    unanimity principle принцип единогласия valuation ~ принцип оценивания

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > principle

  • 56 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 57 принципы управления МОК/ОКОИ

    1. IOC/OCOG management principles

     

    принципы управления МОК/ОКОИ
    МОК является высшим органом принятия решений, касающихся любой ситуации, которая серьезно влияет на Игры, за исключением вопросов, относящихся к охране и физической безопасности участников. Главный оперативный центр ОКОИ обеспечивает координацию работы в масштабе всех Игр. Координационный центр Игр МОК обеспечивает и управляет координацией работы и обменивается данными с Главным оперативным центром ОКОИ.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    IOC/OCOG management principles
    IOC is the ultimate decision-making authority concerning any situation having a major impact on the Games, except for matters pertaining to the security and physical safety of the participants. The OCOG's Main Operations Center will ensure Games-wide operations coordination. The IOC's Games coordination office will ensure and manage the coordination of operations and communicate with the OCOG Main Operations Center.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    • IOC/OCOG management principles

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > принципы управления МОК/ОКОИ

  • 58 acortar las distancias entre ... y

    (v.) = narrow + the gap between... and
    Ex. Their goal is to relate abstract management principles and theories to actual management practice, and to help narrow the gap between the classroom and the real world.
    * * *
    (v.) = narrow + the gap between... and

    Ex: Their goal is to relate abstract management principles and theories to actual management practice, and to help narrow the gap between the classroom and the real world.

    Spanish-English dictionary > acortar las distancias entre ... y

  • 59 asumir

    v.
    1 to assume.
    el descontento asumió caracteres alarmantes the discontent began to take on alarming proportions
    Ricardo asume la fidelidad de María Richard assumes Ann's faithfulness.
    Pedro asume poses afectadas Peter assumes affected poses.
    Pedro asume un aire de presunción Peter assumes a grandiose air.
    2 to accept.
    asumir la responsabilidad de algo to take on responsibility for something
    * * *
    1 to assume, take on, take upon oneself
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=responsabilizarse de) [+ reto, tarea] to take on; [+ cargo] to take up; [+ mando] to take over, assume más frm

    asumió la presidencia en 1999he took up o assumed más frm the presidency in 1999

    ha asumido la dirección de la empresa en un momento muy difícilhe has taken control of o has taken over the company at a very difficult time

    2) (=aceptar) [+ consecuencias] to take, accept; [+ crítica] to accept; [+ problema, enfermedad, derrota] to come to terms with, accept

    ya he asumido que no podré volver a esquiarI've already come to terms with o accepted the fact that I won't be able to ski again

    3) (=adoptar) to adopt, take

    asumieron una actitud críticathey adopted o took a critical stance

    4) (=adquirir) to assume
    5) (=suponer)
    2.
    VI (Pol) to take office, take up office
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <cargo/tarea/responsabilidad> to take on, assume (frml)
    b) ( adquirir) <importancia/dimensiones> to assume (frml)
    c) ( adoptar) < actitud> to assume (liter)
    d) ( aceptar) to come to terms with
    2) (AmL) ( suponer) to assume
    * * *
    = assume, assume, come to + grips with, take over, get to + grips with, take on.
    Ex. The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.
    Ex. A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex. We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.
    Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex. If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.
    ----
    * asumir Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre).
    * asumir el papel = dress + the part.
    * asumir el papel de = step into + the role of.
    * asumir el papel de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * asumir la dirección = take over + the leadership (from).
    * asumir la responsabilidad = assume + responsibilitiy (for).
    * asumir las consecuencias = take + the consequences, live with + the consequences.
    * asumir poder = assume + power.
    * asumir prioridad = assume + priority.
    * asumir responsabilidad = take over, take + responsibility.
    * asumir una apariencia + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + aspect.
    * asumir una característica + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + character.
    * asumir una forma = assume + form.
    * asumir una función = take upon + Reflexivo + role.
    * asumir una nueva faceta = take on + new dimension.
    * asumir una tarea = assume + duty.
    * asumir un papel = assume + role.
    * asumir un riesgo = bear + risk, take + risks.
    * asumir un significado = take on + meaning.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <cargo/tarea/responsabilidad> to take on, assume (frml)
    b) ( adquirir) <importancia/dimensiones> to assume (frml)
    c) ( adoptar) < actitud> to assume (liter)
    d) ( aceptar) to come to terms with
    2) (AmL) ( suponer) to assume
    * * *
    = assume, assume, come to + grips with, take over, get to + grips with, take on.

    Ex: The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.

    Ex: A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex: We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.
    Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex: If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.
    * asumir Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre).
    * asumir el papel = dress + the part.
    * asumir el papel de = step into + the role of.
    * asumir el papel de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * asumir la dirección = take over + the leadership (from).
    * asumir la responsabilidad = assume + responsibilitiy (for).
    * asumir las consecuencias = take + the consequences, live with + the consequences.
    * asumir poder = assume + power.
    * asumir prioridad = assume + priority.
    * asumir responsabilidad = take over, take + responsibility.
    * asumir una apariencia + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + aspect.
    * asumir una característica + Adjetivo = take on + Adjetivo + character.
    * asumir una forma = assume + form.
    * asumir una función = take upon + Reflexivo + role.
    * asumir una nueva faceta = take on + new dimension.
    * asumir una tarea = assume + duty.
    * asumir un papel = assume + role.
    * asumir un riesgo = bear + risk, take + risks.
    * asumir un significado = take on + meaning.

    * * *
    asumir [I1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹cargo/tarea› to take on, assume ( frml)
    no quiere asumir la responsabilidad del cuidado de los niños he doesn't want to take on o assume responsibility for looking after the children
    debe asumir las consecuencias de sus errores he must accept the consequences of his mistakes
    asumió el mando del regimiento he assumed command of the regiment
    han asumido el compromiso de reconstruir la ciudad they have undertaken to rebuild the city
    asumió la defensa del presunto asesino he took on the defense of the alleged murderer
    no estaban dispuestos a asumir ese riesgo they were not prepared to take that risk
    2 (adquirir) ‹características›
    la situación ha asumido una gravedad inusitada the situation has assumed o taken on an unwonted gravity ( frml), the situation has become unusually serious
    el incendio asumió grandes proporciones it turned into a major fire
    3 (adoptar) ‹aire/actitud› to adopt, assume ( liter)
    asumió un aire de indiferencia he adopted o assumed an air of indifference
    4 (aceptar) to come to terms with
    todavía no han logrado asumir esta nueva realidad they have not come to terms with this new situation yet
    ya tengo totalmente asumido el problema I've learned to live with o I've come to terms with o I've come to accept the problem now
    B ( AmL) (suponer) to assume
    aun asumiendo que estos datos fueran ciertos even supposing o even assuming that these figures were correct, even if we assume that these figures are correct
    * * *

     

    asumir ( conjugate asumir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a)cargo/tarea/responsabilidad to take on, assume (frml);

    riesgo to take
    b) ( adoptar) ‹ actitud to assume (frml)


    2 (AmL) ( suponer) to assume
    asumir verbo transitivo to assume
    ' asumir' also found in these entries:
    English:
    assume
    - blame
    - face up to
    - take on
    - take over
    - take up
    - take upon
    - undertake
    - grip
    - take
    - under
    * * *
    asumir vt
    1. [hacerse cargo de] [puesto] to take up;
    [papel] to take on; [inversión] to make; [gasto] to cover;
    asumir la responsabilidad de algo to take on responsibility for sth;
    asumir el mando/control (de) to take charge/control (of);
    cuando murió su padre, él asumió el papel de cabeza de familia when his father died he took over as head of the family;
    el general asumió la presidencia del país the general took over the presidency of the country;
    el presidente asumió el compromiso de ayudar a las víctimas the president gave a commitment to help the victims;
    asumieron el riesgo de viajar sin mapa they took the risk of travelling without a map;
    el Estado asumirá las pérdidas de la empresa the State will cover the company's losses
    2. [adquirir] to take on;
    el descontento asumió caracteres alarmantes the discontent began to take on alarming proportions;
    3. [aceptar] to accept;
    el equipo ha asumido su papel de favorito the team has accepted the mantle o role of favourites;
    asumieron su reacción como algo normal they accepted her reaction as something that was to be expected;
    no asume la muerte de su esposa he can't come to terms with his wife's death;
    eso lo tengo completamente asumido I've fully come to terms with that
    * * *
    v/t
    1 assume
    2 ( aceptar) accept, come to terms with
    * * *
    asumir vt
    1) : to assume, to take on
    asumir el cargo: to take office
    2) suponer: to assume, to suppose

    Spanish-English dictionary > asumir

  • 60 enfrentarse a

    v.
    to face, to breast, to brave, to confront with.
    * * *
    (v.) = be faced with, come to + grips with, confront, face, face up to, meet, cope with, get to + grips with, clash with, grapple with, wrestle with, get + a grip on, go + head-to-head with, be up against, come up against, run up against, line up against, brave, breast, have + a go at, address, engage in + confrontation with
    Ex. The indexer is faced with the choice of which off the themes of the document to provide access to via an index.
    Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex. Resource sharing in libraries may be a way of confronting the impact of rising prices dictated by a few large publishing corporations.
    Ex. Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.
    Ex. Together we need to face up to the challenges of the Information Age.
    Ex. There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    Ex. This latter period is when the air-conditioning has to work hardest to cope with high outside air temperature and solar gains through the building.
    Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex. The date of the book fair must be fitted into the school program so that it does not clash with any rival local or national event.
    Ex. Researchers have long grappled with predicting the readability of reading materials for children.
    Ex. Librarians believe they will have to wrestle with limited opportunities for career advancement = Los bibliotecarios piensan que tendrán que hacer frente a oportunidades limitadas para su promoción profesional.
    Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex. We went head-to-head with those that wanted a uniform look for the whole library Website! = Nos enfrentamos a aquellos que querían un aspecto uniforme en el diseño de todo el sitio web de la biblioteca.
    Ex. British exporters have been up against tariff and non-tariff barriers all over the world for a very long time.
    Ex. We have come up against the extreme expense which change brings to an existing catalog.
    Ex. Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.
    Ex. The author examines claims by Microsoft's Bill Gates that networked computers have no future, and looks at the opposition lining up against him.
    Ex. The mammoth hunters braved sub-zero temperatures on desolate tundra at least 20000 years earlier than was thought.
    Ex. He has breasted an extraordinary amount of obloquy on behalf of our country's cause.
    Ex. In the 1980s that meant having a go at all the trendy lefties and pacifists, and so our main issues were class politics and violence.
    Ex. The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.
    Ex. By running away he shows who he is -- a boneless coward who never engaged in direct confrontation with the enemy.
    * * *
    (v.) = be faced with, come to + grips with, confront, face, face up to, meet, cope with, get to + grips with, clash with, grapple with, wrestle with, get + a grip on, go + head-to-head with, be up against, come up against, run up against, line up against, brave, breast, have + a go at, address, engage in + confrontation with

    Ex: The indexer is faced with the choice of which off the themes of the document to provide access to via an index.

    Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex: Resource sharing in libraries may be a way of confronting the impact of rising prices dictated by a few large publishing corporations.
    Ex: Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.
    Ex: Together we need to face up to the challenges of the Information Age.
    Ex: There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    Ex: This latter period is when the air-conditioning has to work hardest to cope with high outside air temperature and solar gains through the building.
    Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex: The date of the book fair must be fitted into the school program so that it does not clash with any rival local or national event.
    Ex: Researchers have long grappled with predicting the readability of reading materials for children.
    Ex: Librarians believe they will have to wrestle with limited opportunities for career advancement = Los bibliotecarios piensan que tendrán que hacer frente a oportunidades limitadas para su promoción profesional.
    Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex: We went head-to-head with those that wanted a uniform look for the whole library Website! = Nos enfrentamos a aquellos que querían un aspecto uniforme en el diseño de todo el sitio web de la biblioteca.
    Ex: British exporters have been up against tariff and non-tariff barriers all over the world for a very long time.
    Ex: We have come up against the extreme expense which change brings to an existing catalog.
    Ex: Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.
    Ex: The author examines claims by Microsoft's Bill Gates that networked computers have no future, and looks at the opposition lining up against him.
    Ex: The mammoth hunters braved sub-zero temperatures on desolate tundra at least 20000 years earlier than was thought.
    Ex: He has breasted an extraordinary amount of obloquy on behalf of our country's cause.
    Ex: In the 1980s that meant having a go at all the trendy lefties and pacifists, and so our main issues were class politics and violence.
    Ex: The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.
    Ex: By running away he shows who he is -- a boneless coward who never engaged in direct confrontation with the enemy.

    Spanish-English dictionary > enfrentarse a

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