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41 ἁλιβδύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sink, submerge in the sea; hide' (Lyc.).Other forms: Tzetzes ad Lyc. 351 gives ἁλυβδῆσαι.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The ancients connected ἅλς and *βδύω, which would be Aeolic for δύω; popular etymology? The strange structure of the word, and the group - βδ- make substr. origin alsmost certain. ἁλι- and - δύω may have been influenced by the Greek words.Page in Frisk: 1,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁλιβδύω
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42 ἀλίγκιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `like, resembling' (Il.).Other forms: More frequent is ἐναλίγκιος.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. One compares OCS lice `face, cheek'; uncertain. The ἀ- has been interpreted as the zero grade of ἐν- (Schwyzer 433); also Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 120ff. For the possible function of ἐν- Schwyzer 436. Against Seiler, KZ 7 (1957) 11-16, s. Beekes 1969, 25ff. Note that an IE root cannot have the structure * lein(k)-.Page in Frisk: 1,73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλίγκιος
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43 ἁμαρτάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `miss the mark, fail' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ἁμαρτεῖνDialectal forms: Aeol. ἤμβροτον (Hom.)Compounds: νημερτής, νᾱμ- (Hom.) `unfehlbar, untrüglich', Dor. νᾱμέρτεια (S.). Younger ἀναμάρτητος `without fault'.Derivatives: ἁμαρτία `fault' (A.); ἁμαρτωλή (Thgn.), whence ἁμαρτωλός `erroneous, erring' (Arist.,).Etymology: νημερτής supposes *n̥-h₂mert-; this form seems old because of the full grade (cf. ἀναμὰρτητος). - αρ- for - ρα- after the full grade? Aeol. ἀμ(β)ροτ-. The aspiration must be analogical; explanation from * h₂merst- is phonetically doubtful; also a root * h₂merst-, with its three final consonants, is prob. impossible in PIE. - No etym. Connection with * mers- `forget' is impossible because Arm. mor̄anam does not have an initial vowel. The root perfectly suits the IE root structure. Cf. Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 308f.Page in Frisk: 1,87Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁμαρτάνω
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44 ἀνδρόμητον
Meaning: · συσπαστόν ἐγχειφίδιον τραγικόν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Tarentine, s. Latte. DELG derives the word from ἀνά and δρόμος; doubtful, and the structure remains unclear.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνδρόμητον
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45 ἄρα
ἄρα, ἄρ, enclit. ῥα, with elision ῥ'Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `of course, then, so' (Il.).Etymology: On the use Schwyzer-Debrunner 558f, in Homer Grimm, Glotta 40, 1962, 3-41. To Lith. ir̃, Latv. ìr `and; also, even' from PIE *r̥; with full grade Lith. ar̃, Latv. ar question particle. The full grades require a laryngeal (which is anyhow needed before r); Cypr. ἔρ(α) can be * h₁er, Lith. ar̃ \< * h₁or, but *h₁r̥ would have given *ερα, not αρα; either some forms are analogical, or the rule about the root structure does not work here. S. also Hoenigswald Lang. 29, 288ff. (Connection with ἀραρίσκω, ἄρτι is indemonstrable, and would require * h₂r. Improbable Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 313: to ἄριστος) - On final -α Schwyzer 622f.Page in Frisk: 1,127---------------------------------ῥαOther forms: before vowel ῥ',See also: s. ἄρα.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρα
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46 ἄρ
ἄρα, ἄρ, enclit. ῥα, with elision ῥ'Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `of course, then, so' (Il.).Etymology: On the use Schwyzer-Debrunner 558f, in Homer Grimm, Glotta 40, 1962, 3-41. To Lith. ir̃, Latv. ìr `and; also, even' from PIE *r̥; with full grade Lith. ar̃, Latv. ar question particle. The full grades require a laryngeal (which is anyhow needed before r); Cypr. ἔρ(α) can be * h₁er, Lith. ar̃ \< * h₁or, but *h₁r̥ would have given *ερα, not αρα; either some forms are analogical, or the rule about the root structure does not work here. S. also Hoenigswald Lang. 29, 288ff. (Connection with ἀραρίσκω, ἄρτι is indemonstrable, and would require * h₂r. Improbable Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 313: to ἄριστος) - On final -α Schwyzer 622f.Page in Frisk: 1,127---------------------------------ῥαOther forms: before vowel ῥ',See also: s. ἄρα.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρ
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47 ῥα
ἄρα, ἄρ, enclit. ῥα, with elision ῥ'Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `of course, then, so' (Il.).Etymology: On the use Schwyzer-Debrunner 558f, in Homer Grimm, Glotta 40, 1962, 3-41. To Lith. ir̃, Latv. ìr `and; also, even' from PIE *r̥; with full grade Lith. ar̃, Latv. ar question particle. The full grades require a laryngeal (which is anyhow needed before r); Cypr. ἔρ(α) can be * h₁er, Lith. ar̃ \< * h₁or, but *h₁r̥ would have given *ερα, not αρα; either some forms are analogical, or the rule about the root structure does not work here. S. also Hoenigswald Lang. 29, 288ff. (Connection with ἀραρίσκω, ἄρτι is indemonstrable, and would require * h₂r. Improbable Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 313: to ἄριστος) - On final -α Schwyzer 622f.Page in Frisk: 1,127---------------------------------ῥαOther forms: before vowel ῥ',See also: s. ἄρα.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥα
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48 ῥ
ἄρα, ἄρ, enclit. ῥα, with elision ῥ'Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `of course, then, so' (Il.).Etymology: On the use Schwyzer-Debrunner 558f, in Homer Grimm, Glotta 40, 1962, 3-41. To Lith. ir̃, Latv. ìr `and; also, even' from PIE *r̥; with full grade Lith. ar̃, Latv. ar question particle. The full grades require a laryngeal (which is anyhow needed before r); Cypr. ἔρ(α) can be * h₁er, Lith. ar̃ \< * h₁or, but *h₁r̥ would have given *ερα, not αρα; either some forms are analogical, or the rule about the root structure does not work here. S. also Hoenigswald Lang. 29, 288ff. (Connection with ἀραρίσκω, ἄρτι is indemonstrable, and would require * h₂r. Improbable Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 313: to ἄριστος) - On final -α Schwyzer 622f.Page in Frisk: 1,127---------------------------------ῥαOther forms: before vowel ῥ',See also: s. ἄρα.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥ
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49 βαλανεῖον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `warm bath, -room' (Ar.).Derivatives: βαλανεύς m. `bath-man' (Ar.) basis of deriv. (cf. κναφεῖον: κναφεύς etc..)? Also βαλανίτης (- είτης, s. Redard, Noms grecs en - της 12, 38) `bather' (Plb.). βαλανάριον n. (pap., inscr.) with the Lat. Suffix - ārium.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: An attempt to derive the word from βάλανος `acorn' as `stopper' in DELG; improbable. For bathing with warm water, which is prob. an Aegaean custom, we expect a Pre-Gr. word, like ἀσάμινθος. The structure of the word is typically Pre-Gr.: βαλ-αν- (with β-, - α-, - αν-). - From βαλανεῖον Lat. bal(i)neum.Page in Frisk: 1,212-213Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαλανεῖον
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50 βουβάλιον 2
βουβάλιον 2.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wild cucumber, ἄγριος σικυός (Ps. Diosc., Hp. ap. H.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βουβάλιον 2
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51 γναθμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `jaw' (Hom.)Derivatives: PN of a parasite Γνάθων, with Γναθώνειος, Γναθωνίδης, Γναθωνάριον (Plu.). Denom. γναθόω `hit the jaw' (Phryn. Com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: γναθμός from γνάθος after λαιμός, βρεχμός, ὀφθαλμός. - Always compared with Lith. žándas `id.', Latv. zuôds `chin, sharp side'; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following d (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform *gn̥h₂dʰ- would have given *γνᾱθος, *gn̥h₂edʰ- *γαναθος; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can - να- be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with γένυς is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian κάναδοι σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for *κναδοι? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with κνώδων, κνώδαλον.Page in Frisk: 1,316Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γναθμός
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52 θάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `inside room at the back of a house' (as opposed to μέγαρον, δῶμα), as room for women and sleepingroom, also as room for provisions (Il.; on the meaning Wace JournofHellStud. 71, 203ff.), in mariners' language `the lowest deck of a ship' (Timae., Poll.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαλαμη-πόλος f., late m. `lady's-maid, -servant; eunuch' (Od.; - η- rhythmically conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.). - θαλάμη f. `lair, den, cavity of the body' (ε 432, E., Hp., Arist.), as nautical term = θάλαμος (Luc.): on θάλαμος θάλαμος - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 284.Derivatives: θαλαμιά `rowers shutter on the lowest deck of the ship' (Hdt. 5, 33), also `the oar at this deck' (Ar. Ach. 533, inscr.); cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 129, on the meaning Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 125ff.; with θαλαμίας m. `the rower in the θάλαμος or in the θαλαμιά' (Th. 4, 32, App., Them.), with this meaning also θαλάμᾱξ (Ar. Ra. 1074; Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Formation 381) and θαλαμίτης (sch. ad loc.). From θάλαμος still the rare θαλαμήϊος (Hes. Op. 807, A. R.), θαλαμαῖος (Ph.), θαλαμίς (An. Ox.) and the denominative θαλαμεύομαι, - εύω `being brought into the θάλαμος, take as wife' (Ph., Hld. u. a.) with θαλαμεύτρια = νυμφεύτρια (Poll.); θαλάμευμα = θάλαμος E. Ba. 120 (lyr.), cf. Chantraine Formation 185; θαλαμευτός (Tim. Pers. 245).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: reminds of θόλος (s. v.), further unknown; Pre-Greek origin is quite possible. Acc. to E. Maaß RhM 77, 1ff. also to θάλος, θαλλός; well-founded doubts in Wahrmann Glotta 19, 213. Pelasgian etymology in v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 88f.; diff. Haas Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 129ff. - [Not to ὀφθαλμός, s. v.]- The structure of the word (CαC-αC-) is typically Pre-Greek; it can be cognate with θόλος (Fur. 342).Page in Frisk: 1,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλαμος
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53 κάβαισος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `gluttonous fellow' (Kratin. 103), also PN (IG 5: 2, 271, 9; Mantinea IVa).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: - Acc. to the ancients from κάβος and αἶσα, which is of course nonsense. For the ending cf. Άγόραισος ( GDI 3269, 12; 3386, 36; Schulze Kl. Schr. 665). Fur. 214 points to the v.l. κάβασος in Poll. 6, 43, which would give *kamasy-. He further connects καμασός βάραθρον, which is possible but of course uncertain; the comparison with καμασήν `fish' is even more uncertain. So perh. Pre-Greek, to which the whole structure of the word points. The meaning also points to a word of low standing.Page in Frisk: 1,749Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάβαισος
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54 κάλυγες
Grammatical information: ?Meaning: τὰ ἔμβρυα H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. The structure of the word ( καλ-υγ-) is typically Pre-Greek.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλυγες
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55 κᾰρύ̄κη
κᾰρύ̄κηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a Lydian `soup of blood and spices' (Pherekr., Ath., Plu., Hdn.).Other forms: also - ύκκηCompounds: As 1. member in καρυκο-ειδής (Hp.), - ποιέω (Ar.).Derivatives: καρύκινος `κ.-coloured', i. e. `dark-red' (X.) and the denominatives 1. καρυκεύω `provided with κ., prepare' (Alex., Men.), also `mix, confound' (Erot., H.), with καρυκεία (Ath.), καρύκευμα (Poll., Arist.-comm.); 2. καρυκάζειν ταράττειν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: - Unexplained, prob. Lydian. The variation points to a Pre-Greek ( = Pre-Antolian) word; Fur.150 n.38. The structure of the word fits Pre-Greek, καρ-υκ- (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes)Page in Frisk: 1,794Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κᾰρύ̄κη
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56 κάψα
Grammatical information: f.?Derivatives: καψάριος (inscr.), καμψίον (pap), κα(μ)ψάκης ( LXX), καψάκιον (pap), καψάκιον γλωσσόκομον (Η.), καψικός (pap).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάψα
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57 κέσκεον
Grammatical information: n.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular reduplicated formation (cf. Schwyzer 423) \< *κέσ-κεσ-ο-ν to a verb for `comb, hackel, scratch' in OCS češǫ (yot-present), česati, perh also in Hitt. kišāi-, IE. * kes-, with the verbal nouns Czech. pa-čes `tow', Lith. kasà `plait, braid' (IE. * kos-ā), MIr. cīr f. (* kēs-rā), perh. also Hitt. kišri- name of something of wool; other forms Pok. 585, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. česátь, W.-Hofmann s. carrō. - A lengthening is ξέω; s. also ξαίνω, ξύω. --A reduplicated *κεσ-κεσ- is an improbable IE structure; I think that - εον derives from Pre-Greek -ay-on (Beekes, Pre-Greek Suffixes sub - αι-\/ ε(ι)-) ωηιχη γανε -ε(ι)ον. So the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,834Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέσκεον
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58 κόνδῠλος
κόνδῠλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `knuckle, bony knob, clenched fist, swelling of the gum etc.' (IA.).Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in μονο-, δι-κόνδυλος (Arist.)Derivatives: κονδυλώδης `κ.-like, knuckly', κονδύλωμα, - σις `hard swelling, tumour' (Hp.), κονδυλωτός `with κ. ' (Att. inscr. IVa), hardly through κονδυλόομαι `get κ., swell' (Aspasia ap. Aët., H.). - κονδυλίζω `hit the face with the fist, muffet, maltreat' (Hyp., LXX) with κονδυλισμός (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Other body-parts in - υλος are δάκτυλος, σφόνδυλος (cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 116ff.); the stem is seen in κόνδοι ἀστράγαλοι H. Connections outside Greek are quite uncertain or to be rejected: Skt. kanda- m. `root of a knol', kandúka- m. `playball', kanduka- n. `cushion' (cf. Mayrhofer s. vv., who considers Dravidian origin); Lith. kánduolas `kernel' (to kándu, ką́sti `bite'; s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. v.). Older lit. in Bq. - The word will be Pre-Greek because of its structure, κονδ-υλ-. It may continue *κανδυλος with ο \< α before υ.Page in Frisk: 1,911Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόνδῠλος
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59 κοσύμβη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `name of a cloak, which after D. Chr. 72, 1 was used by herders and countrymen, by EM 311, 5 a. H. a. o. explained with ἐγκόμβωμα (s. κόμβος), by EM 349, 15 called an ἀναβολή; the meaning `κρωβύλος' in Poll. 2, 30 (reading varying) must be a blending with κόρυμβος (s. v.).Other forms: also κότθυβος (with dialectal τθ = σσ) a piece of military equipment; cf. also κοσσυβάτας which confirms the nasalless form (Fur. 283). Further Lat. gossypion, - inum (Plin. N.H. 19, 14, resp. 1, 12, 21 +; from *γοσσυπιον); = περίζωμα? ( Rev. Arch. 1935: 2, 31). Also κόσυμβος m., after H. (- σσ-) = κοσ(σ)ύμβη; also `hairnet' (LXX Is. 3, 18); from it κοσυμβωτός (Ex. 28, 35, χιτών; v. l. κόσυμβος), after H. = κροσσωτός, i.e. `with fringes'.Derivatives: from it κοσυμβωτός (Ex. 28, 35, χιτών; v. l. κόσυμβος), after H. = κροσσωτός, i.e. `with fringes'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin], LW [loanword] Sem.Etymology: Technical foreign word; on the ending - βος Chantraine Formation 262. Lewy, KZ 58, 26ff compares Assyr. guzippu, kuzippu `a cloak', Arab. korsuf `cotton'. Well adapted to the structure of Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,930-931Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοσύμβη
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60 κύλιξ
κύλιξ, - ικοςGrammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `(drinking) cup' (posthom.).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. κυλικ-ήρυτος `scooped with a cup' (Call.), εὑ-κύλικος `with beautiful cups' (AP).Derivatives: Diminut.: κυλίκιον (Thphr.), κυλίσκη (D. H., Poll., hardly from - ικ-ίσκη Schwyzer 542), - ίσκιον (Poll.); - ίχνη (Alc., Ar.; Chantraine Formation 195); Lat. LW [loanword] culigna (cf. W.-Hofmann s. calix); - ίχνιον (Ar., hell.), - ιχνίς (Achae.); further κυλικ-εῖον `cup-stander' (comp., pap.), - ειος `belonging to a cup' (Poll.), - ώδης 'κ.-like' (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Agrees but for the stem-vowel with Lat. calix `deep bowl, cup' (from where NHG Kelch etc.), but a variation a\/u is unknown. The word κάλυξ (s.v.) `seed-vessel, husk' is not identical with our word for the same reason. With anlaut sk Umbr. skalçe-ta `ex patera', cf. σκαλλίον κυλίκιον μικρόν, σκαλίς σκαφεῖον H. does not belong here for the same reason (s. v.). (Also not here Skt. kaláśa- m. `jar, pot, dish'.) As with so many names of cups etc. we must reckon with loans. Wrong Pok. 550 f., W.-Hofmann s. calix (also Ernout-Meillet) who consider the word as IE. Connecting IE * (s)kel- is (in spite of NHG Schale a. o.) not convincing. See Fur. 110, 132 with n. 65, who points to κυλί-σκ-η and κυλίχν-ιον etc. with aspiration before the nasal (which is un-Greek and un-IE). So the word is Pre-Greek. - ικ is a typical Pre-Greek suffix (Beekes, Pre-Greek, suffixes); κυλ-ικ- has a typical Pre-greek structure (ib.)Page in Frisk: 2,46-47Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύλιξ
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