of+men

căvĕo, cāvi, cautum, (2 d pers. sing. scanned cavĕs, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19; imper. cavĕ, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Capt. 2, 3, 71; id. Most. 1, 4, 13 et saep.: Cat. 50, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Prop. 1, 7, 25; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 435; old sup. CAVĬTVM, C. I. L. 1, 200, 6 sq.), 3, v. n. and a. [root SKOF- or KOF-, to be wary; whence Gr. thuoskoos, akouô, etc.; Lat. causa, cura; cf. also Germ. scheuen; Engl. shy], to be on one ' s guard, either for one's self or (more rarely) for another; hence,

In gen., with and without sibi, to be on one ' s guard, to take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid, = phulassomai, and the Fr. se garder, prendre garde, etc.; constr., absol., with ub, and in a course of action with ne or ut (also ellipt. with the simple subj.); or, as in Greek, with acc. (= phulassomai ti); hence also pass. and with inf., and once with cum.

Absol.:

qui consulte, docte, atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

faciet, nisi caveo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

ego cavebo,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 12; 1, 1, 45:

erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; Quint. 8, 3, 47:

cum animum attendisset ad cavendum,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; Suet. Claud. 37:

metues, doctusque cavebis,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 68.—Esp. freq. in the warning cave, look out! be careful! Ter. And. 1, 2, 34; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 51; Hor. C. 1, 14, 16; Ov. M. 2, 89.—

With ab and abl.:

eo mi abs te caveo cautius,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 42; id. Ps. 1, 5, 59; 4, 7, 128:

si abs te modo uno caveo,

id. Most. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 44:

sibi ab eo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 87:

navis Aps quă cavendum nobis sane censeo,

id. Men. 2, 2, 70:

pater a me petiit Ut mihi caverem a Pseudolo servo suo,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 108:

a crasso infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 53:

ille Pompeium monebat, ut meam domum metueret, atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

caveo ab homine impuro,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

a Cassio,

Suet. Calig. 57:

a veneno,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64:

ab insidiis,

Sall. J. 108, 2:

monitum ut sibi ab insidiis Rufini caveret,

App. Mag. 87, p. 329, 16; id. M. 2, p. 117, 3.—

With the simple abl.:

caveo malo,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 39:

infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 48: id. Cas. 2, 6, 59; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

ipsus sibi cavit loco,

i. e. got out of the way, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12.—

With cum (rare):

Hercle, mihi tecum cavendum est,

with you, I must look out for myself, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 21.—

With adversus, Quint. 9, 1, 20. —

Followed by a final clause.

With ne, to take heed that... not, to be on one ' s guard lest: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet;

cum etiam cavet, etiam cum cavisse ratus est, saepe is cautor captus est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5 and 6:

caves, ne videat, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

ego me scio cavisse, ne ulla merito contumelia Fieri a nobis posset,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 20; Afran. ap. Non. p. 111, 14; Lucr. 4, 1141:

cavete, judices, ne nova... proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Div. 2, 40, 84; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; 11, 21, 4; Sall. J. 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 37:

cave, ne,

Cat. 61, 152; Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; id. S. 2, 3, 177; id. Ep. 1, 6, 32; 1, 13, 19; Ov. M. 2, 89; 10, 685:

cave sis, ne,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 215:

caveto ne,

Cato, R. R. 5, 6:

caveas, ne,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 80:

caveant, ne,

id. A. P. 244:

cavendum est, ne,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 140; Quint. 4, 3, 8; 12, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 67; Quint. 9, 4, 23; 5, 11, 27.—

With ut ne (rare):

quod ut ne accidat cavendum est,

Cic. Lael. 26, 99.—

With a simple subj.; so only imper.: cave or cavete (cf. age), beware of, take care not, etc.:

cave geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

dixeris,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 12:

faxis cave,

id. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38:

sis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29:

contingas,

Lucr. 2, 755:

despuas,

Cat. 50, 19:

ignoscas,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

existimes,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

putes,

id. ib. 10, 12, 1 al.—Rarely with 1 st pers.:

cave posthac, si me amas, umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—With 3 d pers.:

resciscat quisquam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 37:

te fratrum misereatur,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

roget te,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 75:

cave quisquam flocci fecerit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 5:

armis concurrant arma cavete,

Verg. A. 11, 293.—And like age, cave with a verb in plur.:

cave dirumpatis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 117.—

With ut, to take care that:

cauto opu'st, Ut sobrie hoc agatur,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29; cf.

D. 2, infra: tertium est, ut caveamus, ut ea, quae, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 141:

quaero quid sit, quod... tam accurate caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui dent, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

caverat sibi ille adulter omnium ut suorum scelerum socium te adjutoremque praebeas,

id. Pis. 12, 28; Liv. 3, 10, 14; Plin. Pan. 39, 1:

cavebitur ut, etc.,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. under II. A.—Very rarely with ut omitted, take care to, be sure to (late Lat.):

sed heus tu... cave regrediare cenā maturius,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 32; 2, p. 124, [p. 306] 35.—

As act.

With acc. of pers. or thing against which warning is given or beed taken, to guard against, to be aware of, to beware of, etc.:

profecto quid nunc primum caveam, nescio,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 104:

tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admittere'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 23:

caveamus fulminis ictum,

Lucr. 6, 406: cave canem, Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320;

v. canis: interventum alicujus,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1:

omnia,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

me,

id. Dom. 11, 28:

vallum caecum fossasque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

quam sit bellum cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

vim atque opes,

Tac. A. 11, 1; cf. Suet. Tib. 72:

male praecinctum puerum,

id. Caes. 456:

periculum,

id. ib. 81; id. Galb. 19:

insidias,

id. Caes. 86; Tac. A. 13, 13:

exitum,

Suet. Tib. 83:

annum,

id. Ner. 40:

maculas,

Hor. A. P. 353:

jurgia,

Ov. A. A. 1, 591:

hunc tu caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85:

proditorem,

Quint. 7, 1, 30:

hoc caverat mens provida Reguli,

had prevented, Hor. C. 3, 5, 13:

cave quicquam,

be a little careful, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 61.—

Pass.: quid cavendum tibi censere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 22:

cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. Att. 10, 16, 2; Quint. 8, 2, 2; 9, 4, 143; 11, 3, 27 (cf. id. 6, 5, 2):

in hoc pestifero bello cavendo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

quod multis rationibus caveri potest,

id. Off. 2, 24, 84; Sall. J. 67, 2:

prius quod cautum oportuit, Postquam comedit rem, post rationem putat,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 14:

ego tibi cautum volo,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35, § 88:

quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 14:

id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur,

Liv. 3, 52, 11; cf.

B. 1. supra: cauto opus est,

care must be taken, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Merc. 2, 3, 133.—

With inf.:

in quibus cave vereri ( = noli),

Cic. Att. 3, 17, 3:

caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod, etc.,

Sall. J. 64, 2:

caveto laedere,

Cat. 50, 21:

occursare capro caveto,

Verg. E. 9, 25:

commisisse cavet, quod, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 168:

cave Spem festinando praecipitare meam,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 139:

ut pedes omnino caveant tinguere,

Plin. 8, 42, 68, § 169.

Esp.

Law t. t., to take care for, provide, order something, legally, or (of private relations) to order, decree, dispose of in writing, by will, to stipulate, etc.:

cum ita caverent, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31:

duae sunt praeterea leges de sepulcris, quarum altera privatorum aedificiis, altera ipsis sepulcris cavet,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

cautum est in Scipionis legibus ne plures essent, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cautum est lege XII. Tab., ut, etc.,

Plin. 16, 5, 6, § 15:

cavebatur ut, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 1;

so,

id. ib. 65; id. Tib. 75:

quae legibus cauta sunt,

Quint. 5, 10, 13:

aliā in lege cautum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 119:

cautum est de numero,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf. id. Aug. 40:

heredi caveri,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 120; cf. id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

si hoc, qui testamentum faciebat, cavere noluisset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

testamento cavere ut dies natalis ageretur,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; cf. Suet. Aug. 59; id. Dom. 9; id. Tib. 50:

sibi se privatim nihil cavere... militibus cavendum, quod apud patres semel plebi, iterum legionibus cautum sit ne fraudi secessio esset,

to make conditions, stipulate, Liv. 7, 41, 2.—

In the lang. of business.

Cavere ab aliquo, to make one ' s self secure, to procure bail or surety:

tibi ego, Brute, non solvam, nisi prius a te cavero, amplius, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 5, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 55; cf. infra 2.; and cautio, II.—So absol.:

quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem,

to take security, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 35.—

To make one secure by bail or surety (either written or oral), to give security, to guarantee (cf. supra 1., and cautio;

syn.: spondeo, cautionem praesto),

Cic. Clu. 59, 162; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

pecunia, quam mihi Stichus Titii servus caverat,

Dig. 46, 3, 89:

cavere summam,

ib. 29, 2, 97:

chirographum,

ib. 46, 3, 89:

cautionem,

ib. 46, 8, 6:

civitates obsidibus de pecuniā cavent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

quoniam de obsidibus inter se cavere non possent,

id. ib. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 9, 42; 24, 2:

cavere capite pro re aliquā,

Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38:

jurejurando et chirographo de eā re,

Suet. Calig. 12:

cavere in duplum,

id. Aug. 41; Tac. A. 6, 17.—Rarely, cavere personae publicae, to give security before a public authority, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 3.—

In boxing, etc., to parry, to ward off a blow:

adversos ictus cavere ac propulsare,

Quint. 9, 1, 20; 5, 13, 54; cf. id. 9, 4, 8; 4, 2, 26.—

Cavere alicui.

To keep something from one, to protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of (cf.:

prohibeo, defendo, provideo): scabiem pecori et jumentis caveto,

Cato, R. R. 5, 7:

melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3:

mihi meisque,

id. Top. 1, 4; id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

veterani, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 6; cf.: qui in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutum, Caes. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 84:

securitati,

Suet. Tit. 6:

concordiae publicae,

Vell. 2, 48, 5; Petr. 133; Sil. 8, 493.—

Affirmatively, to take care for, attend to a thing for a person, provide: Ba. Haec ita me orat sibi qui caveat aliquem ut hominem reperiam... Id, amabo te, huic caveas. Pi. Quid isti caveam? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 8; 1, 1, 10; cf. I. C. 3. supra.—Hence, cautus, a, um, P. a.

Neutr., careful, circumspect, wary, cautious, provident (syn.: providus, prudens;

class. in prose and poetry): ut cautus est, ubi nihil opu'st,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 3:

parum cauti providique,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

cauti in periculis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in scribendo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:

in credendo,

id. Att. 10, 9, 3:

in verbis serendis,

Hor. A. P. 46:

mensor,

Ov. M. 1, 136:

mariti,

id. ib. 9, 751:

lupus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 50:

vulpes,

id. ib. 1, 1, 73 et saep.:

quem certi homines monuerunt, ut cautior esset,

Cic. Sest. 18, 41:

dubium cautior an audentior,

Suet. Caes. 58.—Constr. with ad:

ad praesentius malum cautiores,

Liv. 24, 32, 3; Tib. 1, 9, 46; Quint. 6, 1, 20. —With adversus:

parum cautus adversus colloquii fraudem,

Liv. 38, 25, 7.—With erga:

erga bona sua satis cautus,

Curt. 10, 1, 40.—With contra:

contra quam (fortunam) non satis cauta mortalitas est,

Curt. 8, 4, 24.—With inf.:

cautum dignos assumere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 51.—With gen.:

rei divinae,

Macr. S. 1, 15.—

Transf. to inanimate things:

consilium,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; Tac. A. 11, 29:

cautissima senectus,

id. H. 2, 76:

pectus,

Prop. 3 (4), 5, 8:

manus,

Ov. F. 2, 336:

terga,

id. Tr. 1, 9, 20:

arma,

Sil. 14, 188:

timor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 65.— Subst.: cauta, ōrum, n.:

legum,

the provisions, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—

Pass. (acc. to I. B. 1., and II. B.), made safe, secured:

cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

cautus ab incursu belli,

Luc. 4, 409: quo mulieri esset res cautior ( that her property might be made more secure), curavit, ut, etc., Cic. Caecin. 4, 11.—

Trop., safe, secure (rare):

in eam partem peccare, quae est cautior,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

(civitates) murorum firmitate cautissimae,

Amm. 14, 8, 13.— Adv.: cau-tē.

(Acc. to caveo, I. A.) Cautiously:

caute et cogitate rem tractare,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46:

pedetentimque dicere,

Cic. Clu. 42, 118:

et cum judicio,

Quint. 10, 2, 3 et saep. — Comp., Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 15, 21; 9, 2, 76; Hor. C. 1, 8, 10 al.— Sup., Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3.—

(Acc. to caveo, I. B. 1.) With security, cautiously, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

aliter nec caute nec jure fieri potest,

id. Att. 15, 17, 1.

căvĕo, cāvi, cautum, (2 d pers. sing. scanned cavĕs, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19; imper. cavĕ, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Capt. 2, 3, 71; id. Most. 1, 4, 13 et saep.: Cat. 50, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Prop. 1, 7, 25; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 435; old sup. CAVĬTVM, C. I. L. 1, 200, 6 sq.), 3, v. n. and a. [root SKOF- or KOF-, to be wary; whence Gr. thuoskoos, akouô, etc.; Lat. causa, cura; cf. also Germ. scheuen; Engl. shy], to be on one ' s guard, either for one's self or (more rarely) for another; hence,

In gen., with and without sibi, to be on one ' s guard, to take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid, = phulassomai, and the Fr. se garder, prendre garde, etc.; constr., absol., with ub, and in a course of action with ne or ut (also ellipt. with the simple subj.); or, as in Greek, with acc. (= phulassomai ti); hence also pass. and with inf., and once with cum.

Absol.:

qui consulte, docte, atque astute cavet,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14:

faciet, nisi caveo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

ego cavebo,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 12; 1, 1, 45:

erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; Quint. 8, 3, 47:

cum animum attendisset ad cavendum,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; Suet. Claud. 37:

metues, doctusque cavebis,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 68.—Esp. freq. in the warning cave, look out! be careful! Ter. And. 1, 2, 34; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 51; Hor. C. 1, 14, 16; Ov. M. 2, 89.—

With ab and abl.:

eo mi abs te caveo cautius,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 42; id. Ps. 1, 5, 59; 4, 7, 128:

si abs te modo uno caveo,

id. Most. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 44:

sibi ab eo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 87:

navis Aps quă cavendum nobis sane censeo,

id. Men. 2, 2, 70:

pater a me petiit Ut mihi caverem a Pseudolo servo suo,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 108:

a crasso infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 53:

ille Pompeium monebat, ut meam domum metueret, atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

caveo ab homine impuro,

id. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

a Cassio,

Suet. Calig. 57:

a veneno,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64:

ab insidiis,

Sall. J. 108, 2:

monitum ut sibi ab insidiis Rufini caveret,

App. Mag. 87, p. 329, 16; id. M. 2, p. 117, 3.—

With the simple abl.:

caveo malo,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 39:

infortunio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 48: id. Cas. 2, 6, 59; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

ipsus sibi cavit loco,

i. e. got out of the way, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12.—

With cum (rare):

Hercle, mihi tecum cavendum est,

with you, I must look out for myself, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 21.—

With adversus, Quint. 9, 1, 20. —

Followed by a final clause.

With ne, to take heed that... not, to be on one ' s guard lest: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet;

cum etiam cavet, etiam cum cavisse ratus est, saepe is cautor captus est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5 and 6:

caves, ne videat, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

ego me scio cavisse, ne ulla merito contumelia Fieri a nobis posset,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 20; Afran. ap. Non. p. 111, 14; Lucr. 4, 1141:

cavete, judices, ne nova... proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Div. 2, 40, 84; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; 11, 21, 4; Sall. J. 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 37:

cave, ne,

Cat. 61, 152; Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; id. S. 2, 3, 177; id. Ep. 1, 6, 32; 1, 13, 19; Ov. M. 2, 89; 10, 685:

cave sis, ne,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 215:

caveto ne,

Cato, R. R. 5, 6:

caveas, ne,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 80:

caveant, ne,

id. A. P. 244:

cavendum est, ne,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 140; Quint. 4, 3, 8; 12, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 67; Quint. 9, 4, 23; 5, 11, 27.—

With ut ne (rare):

quod ut ne accidat cavendum est,

Cic. Lael. 26, 99.—

With a simple subj.; so only imper.: cave or cavete (cf. age), beware of, take care not, etc.:

cave geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

dixeris,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 12:

faxis cave,

id. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38:

sis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29:

contingas,

Lucr. 2, 755:

despuas,

Cat. 50, 19:

ignoscas,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

existimes,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

putes,

id. ib. 10, 12, 1 al.—Rarely with 1 st pers.:

cave posthac, si me amas, umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—With 3 d pers.:

resciscat quisquam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 37:

te fratrum misereatur,

Cic. Lig. 5, 14:

roget te,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 75:

cave quisquam flocci fecerit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 5:

armis concurrant arma cavete,

Verg. A. 11, 293.—And like age, cave with a verb in plur.:

cave dirumpatis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 117.—

With ut, to take care that:

cauto opu'st, Ut sobrie hoc agatur,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29; cf.

D. 2, infra: tertium est, ut caveamus, ut ea, quae, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 141:

quaero quid sit, quod... tam accurate caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui dent, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

caverat sibi ille adulter omnium ut suorum scelerum socium te adjutoremque praebeas,

id. Pis. 12, 28; Liv. 3, 10, 14; Plin. Pan. 39, 1:

cavebitur ut, etc.,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. under II. A.—Very rarely with ut omitted, take care to, be sure to (late Lat.):

sed heus tu... cave regrediare cenā maturius,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 32; 2, p. 124, [p. 306] 35.—

As act.

With acc. of pers. or thing against which warning is given or beed taken, to guard against, to be aware of, to beware of, etc.:

profecto quid nunc primum caveam, nescio,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 104:

tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admittere'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 23:

caveamus fulminis ictum,

Lucr. 6, 406: cave canem, Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320;

v. canis: interventum alicujus,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1:

omnia,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

me,

id. Dom. 11, 28:

vallum caecum fossasque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

quam sit bellum cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

vim atque opes,

Tac. A. 11, 1; cf. Suet. Tib. 72:

male praecinctum puerum,

id. Caes. 456:

periculum,

id. ib. 81; id. Galb. 19:

insidias,

id. Caes. 86; Tac. A. 13, 13:

exitum,

Suet. Tib. 83:

annum,

id. Ner. 40:

maculas,

Hor. A. P. 353:

jurgia,

Ov. A. A. 1, 591:

hunc tu caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85:

proditorem,

Quint. 7, 1, 30:

hoc caverat mens provida Reguli,

had prevented, Hor. C. 3, 5, 13:

cave quicquam,

be a little careful, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 61.—

Pass.: quid cavendum tibi censere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 22:

cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. Att. 10, 16, 2; Quint. 8, 2, 2; 9, 4, 143; 11, 3, 27 (cf. id. 6, 5, 2):

in hoc pestifero bello cavendo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

quod multis rationibus caveri potest,

id. Off. 2, 24, 84; Sall. J. 67, 2:

prius quod cautum oportuit, Postquam comedit rem, post rationem putat,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 14:

ego tibi cautum volo,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 41:

satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35, § 88:

quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 14:

id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur,

Liv. 3, 52, 11; cf.

B. 1. supra: cauto opus est,

care must be taken, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Merc. 2, 3, 133.—

With inf.:

in quibus cave vereri ( = noli),

Cic. Att. 3, 17, 3:

caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod, etc.,

Sall. J. 64, 2:

caveto laedere,

Cat. 50, 21:

occursare capro caveto,

Verg. E. 9, 25:

commisisse cavet, quod, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 168:

cave Spem festinando praecipitare meam,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 139:

ut pedes omnino caveant tinguere,

Plin. 8, 42, 68, § 169.

Esp.

Law t. t., to take care for, provide, order something, legally, or (of private relations) to order, decree, dispose of in writing, by will, to stipulate, etc.:

cum ita caverent, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31:

duae sunt praeterea leges de sepulcris, quarum altera privatorum aedificiis, altera ipsis sepulcris cavet,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

cautum est in Scipionis legibus ne plures essent, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cautum est lege XII. Tab., ut, etc.,

Plin. 16, 5, 6, § 15:

cavebatur ut, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 1;

so,

id. ib. 65; id. Tib. 75:

quae legibus cauta sunt,

Quint. 5, 10, 13:

aliā in lege cautum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 119:

cautum est de numero,

Suet. Caes. 10; cf. id. Aug. 40:

heredi caveri,

Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 120; cf. id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

si hoc, qui testamentum faciebat, cavere noluisset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

testamento cavere ut dies natalis ageretur,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; cf. Suet. Aug. 59; id. Dom. 9; id. Tib. 50:

sibi se privatim nihil cavere... militibus cavendum, quod apud patres semel plebi, iterum legionibus cautum sit ne fraudi secessio esset,

to make conditions, stipulate, Liv. 7, 41, 2.—

In the lang. of business.

Cavere ab aliquo, to make one ' s self secure, to procure bail or surety:

tibi ego, Brute, non solvam, nisi prius a te cavero, amplius, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 5, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 55; cf. infra 2.; and cautio, II.—So absol.:

quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem,

to take security, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 35.—

To make one secure by bail or surety (either written or oral), to give security, to guarantee (cf. supra 1., and cautio;

syn.: spondeo, cautionem praesto),

Cic. Clu. 59, 162; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

pecunia, quam mihi Stichus Titii servus caverat,

Dig. 46, 3, 89:

cavere summam,

ib. 29, 2, 97:

chirographum,

ib. 46, 3, 89:

cautionem,

ib. 46, 8, 6:

civitates obsidibus de pecuniā cavent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

quoniam de obsidibus inter se cavere non possent,

id. ib. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 9, 42; 24, 2:

cavere capite pro re aliquā,

Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38:

jurejurando et chirographo de eā re,

Suet. Calig. 12:

cavere in duplum,

id. Aug. 41; Tac. A. 6, 17.—Rarely, cavere personae publicae, to give security before a public authority, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 3.—

In boxing, etc., to parry, to ward off a blow:

adversos ictus cavere ac propulsare,

Quint. 9, 1, 20; 5, 13, 54; cf. id. 9, 4, 8; 4, 2, 26.—

Cavere alicui.

To keep something from one, to protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of (cf.:

prohibeo, defendo, provideo): scabiem pecori et jumentis caveto,

Cato, R. R. 5, 7:

melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3:

mihi meisque,

id. Top. 1, 4; id. Fam. 7, 6, 2:

veterani, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat,

id. Phil. 1, 2, 6; cf.: qui in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutum, Caes. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 84:

securitati,

Suet. Tit. 6:

concordiae publicae,

Vell. 2, 48, 5; Petr. 133; Sil. 8, 493.—

Affirmatively, to take care for, attend to a thing for a person, provide: Ba. Haec ita me orat sibi qui caveat aliquem ut hominem reperiam... Id, amabo te, huic caveas. Pi. Quid isti caveam? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 8; 1, 1, 10; cf. I. C. 3. supra.—Hence, cautus, a, um, P. a.

Neutr., careful, circumspect, wary, cautious, provident (syn.: providus, prudens;

class. in prose and poetry): ut cautus est, ubi nihil opu'st,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 3:

parum cauti providique,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

cauti in periculis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in scribendo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:

in credendo,

id. Att. 10, 9, 3:

in verbis serendis,

Hor. A. P. 46:

mensor,

Ov. M. 1, 136:

mariti,

id. ib. 9, 751:

lupus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 50:

vulpes,

id. ib. 1, 1, 73 et saep.:

quem certi homines monuerunt, ut cautior esset,

Cic. Sest. 18, 41:

dubium cautior an audentior,

Suet. Caes. 58.—Constr. with ad:

ad praesentius malum cautiores,

Liv. 24, 32, 3; Tib. 1, 9, 46; Quint. 6, 1, 20. —With adversus:

parum cautus adversus colloquii fraudem,

Liv. 38, 25, 7.—With erga:

erga bona sua satis cautus,

Curt. 10, 1, 40.—With contra:

contra quam (fortunam) non satis cauta mortalitas est,

Curt. 8, 4, 24.—With inf.:

cautum dignos assumere,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 51.—With gen.:

rei divinae,

Macr. S. 1, 15.—

Transf. to inanimate things:

consilium,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; Tac. A. 11, 29:

cautissima senectus,

id. H. 2, 76:

pectus,

Prop. 3 (4), 5, 8:

manus,

Ov. F. 2, 336:

terga,

id. Tr. 1, 9, 20:

arma,

Sil. 14, 188:

timor,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 65.— Subst.: cauta, ōrum, n.:

legum,

the provisions, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—

Pass. (acc. to I. B. 1., and II. B.), made safe, secured:

cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:

cautus ab incursu belli,

Luc. 4, 409: quo mulieri esset res cautior ( that her property might be made more secure), curavit, ut, etc., Cic. Caecin. 4, 11.—

Trop., safe, secure (rare):

in eam partem peccare, quae est cautior,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

(civitates) murorum firmitate cautissimae,

Amm. 14, 8, 13.— Adv.: cau-tē.

(Acc. to caveo, I. A.) Cautiously:

caute et cogitate rem tractare,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46:

pedetentimque dicere,

Cic. Clu. 42, 118:

et cum judicio,

Quint. 10, 2, 3 et saep. — Comp., Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 15, 21; 9, 2, 76; Hor. C. 1, 8, 10 al.— Sup., Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3.—

(Acc. to caveo, I. B. 1.) With security, cautiously, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

aliter nec caute nec jure fieri potest,

id. Att. 15, 17, 1.

certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.

(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

certum'st hominem eludere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

tibi credere,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

Liv. 2, 45, 13:

certum est igni circumdare muros,

Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

certum est, jam dicam patri,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

certum est, ibo ad medicum,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

so further with istuc,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

certa res hanc est objurgare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—

(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.

With inf.:

certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

certa sequi,

Val. Fl. 5, 47.—

With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

desciscendi,

Tac. H. 4, 14:

relinquendae vitae,

id. A. 4, 34:

necis,

Sil. 6, 27:

fugae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

destinationis,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

sceleris,

id. ib. 12, 66:

consilii,

id. H. 2, 46.—

With an:

nec sat certa an cederet armis,

Sil. 9, 480.—

An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

with praefinitus,

Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).

Object.

Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

Lucr. 6, 783:

fruges, bacae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

concilium in diem certam indicere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

so with dies,

a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

certis diebus,

Verg. G. 2, 329:

quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

certum praefinitumque tempus,

id. Galb. 14; and:

certum statumque vectigal,

id. Calig. 40:

pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

locus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

numerus,

id. ib. 7, 75:

signum,

fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

naves,

fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

pecuniae imperabantur,

id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

conviva,

i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—

But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

habet certos sui studiosos,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

certi homines ad eam rem periti,

id. ib. 18, 41:

res a certis hominibus corrupta,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

in his certos aliquos docebit,

id. 2, 8, 13.—

Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).

Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

auctor (mortis),

Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

per litora certos dimittam,

Verg. A. 1, 576:

certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

id. G. 1, 432.—

Of things:

satis animo certo et confirmato,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

pectora,

Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

promissa,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

parata dicendi copia et certa,

Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

9: jus,

id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

jactus (telorum),

Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

in this sense certa hasta,

Verg. A. 11, 767:

sagitta,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

fides segetis,

id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

spes,

id. C. S. 74:

trames,

id. S. 2, 3, 49:

lar,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

plana et certa,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

certa et clara,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

certa maris,

Tac. H. 4, 81.—

Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

incerta pro certis malebant,

Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

incerta pro certis mutare,

id. J. 83, 1:

postremo certior res,

Liv. 29, 6, 12:

certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

hisce oculis egomet vidi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

id parum certum est,

Liv. 5, 35, 3:

cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

Certum non scimus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

certum habere,

to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

certum respondeo,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

negare,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

polliceri,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

dicere aliquid,

id. Brut. 3, 10:

ponere,

Liv. 23, 6, 8:

scire,

id. 25, 10, 1:

affirmare,

id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

creditur,

Sall. C. 15, 2:

coeperit esse,

Quint. 5, 12, 2:

certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

certo certius,

Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—

Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

certi sumus periisse omnia,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

num quid nunc es certior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

posteritatis,

i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

sententiae,

Quint. 4, 3, 8:

judicii,

Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

certus de suā geniturā,

Suet. Vesp. 25:

damnationis,

id. Tib. 61:

exitii,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

spei,

id. H. 4, 3:

matrimonii,

id. A. 12, 3:

certi sumus, etc.,

Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

me certiorem face,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

ut nos facias certiores,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

factus certior, quae res gererentur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

non consulibus certioribus factis,

Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

fac me certum quid tibi est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.

Object.:

perii certo, haud arbitrario,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—

In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Subject.

In gen. (very rare):

certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—

certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).

Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.

Object.:

certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

certe hercle,

id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

quom is certe Renuntiarit,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

certe captus est!

id. And. 1, 1, 55:

certe ut videamur cernere eum,

Lucr. 4, 760:

si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

id. Planc. 16, 38:

ea certe vera sunt,

id. Mil. 35, 96:

M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

cum se certe decessurum videret,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

Verg. A. 1, 234:

o dea certe,

a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

si reperire vocas amittere certius,

Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—

In an answer of affirmation:

estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—

Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

edepol certo scio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—

In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—

In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —

In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—

Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).

Alone:

si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

res fortasse verae, certe graves,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

id. 22, 34, 11:

quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

ego certe,

Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

certe ego,

Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

mihi certe,

Quint. 10, 3, 23:

ipse certe,

id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—

With other particles.

With tamen:

illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—

With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—

With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —

With quidem:

ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

confĕro, contŭli, collātum (conl-), conferre, v. a.

To bring, bear, or carry together, to collect, gather (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

ligna circa casam,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

arma,

Vell. 2, 114, 4:

cibos ore suo (aves),

Quint. 2, 6, 7:

undique collatis membris,

Hor. A. P. 3 al.:

sarcinas in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

collatis militaribus signis,

id. ib. 7, 2:

ut premerer sacrā Lauroque collatāque myrto,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 19:

quo (sc. in proximum horreum) omne rusticum instrumentum,

Col. 1, 6, 7:

illuc (sc. in castella) parentes et conjuges,

Tac. A. 4, 46 fin.:

dentes in corpore (canes),

Ov. M. 3, 236:

materiam omnem, antequam dicere ordiamur,

Quint. 3, 9, 8:

summas (scriptorum) in commentarium et capita,

id. 10, 7, 32:

plura opera in unam tabulam,

id. 8, 5, 26:

quae in proximos quinque libros conlata sunt,

id. 8, prooem. 1: res Romanas Graeco peregrinoque sermone in historiam, Just. pr. 1; cf. Suet. Caes. 44; cf. I. B. 5. infra.; Quint. 4, 1, 23:

rogus inimicis collatus manibus,

Petr. 115 fin. —

In partic.

To collect money, treasures, etc., for any object, to bring offerings, contribute:

dona mihi,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

contulit aes populus,

Ov. F. 4, 351;

so freq. on monuments: AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3648; 74; Suet. Aug. 59:

EX AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3991:

aurum argentumque in publicum,

Liv. 28, 36, 3:

munera ei,

Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

tributa quotannis ex censu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131:

conferre eo minus tributi,

Liv. 5, 20, 5:

in commune,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145; id. Quint. 3, 12:

quadringena talenta quotannis Delum,

Nep. Arist. 3, 1:

(pecunia) ad ejus honores conlata,

Cic. Fl. 25, 59:

ad honorem tuum pecunias maximas contulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:

sextantes in capita,

Liv. 2, 33, 11:

pecunias,

Suet. Caes. 19; id. Aug. 57; 30; Just. 3, 6:

vinum alius, alius mel,

Dig. 41, 1, 7; 47, 7, 3 pr.:

sua bona in medium,

ib. 37, 6, 1 pr.:

magnam partem patrimonii alicui rei,

ib. 50, 4, 5:

cum et Socrati collatum sit ad victum,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.— Absol.:

nos dabimus, nos conferemus, nostro sumptu, non tuo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 39.—Hence,

Trop., like the Gr. sumpherô (v. Lidd. and Scott in h. v. 5.), to be useful, profitable, to profit, serve, be of use to ( = prosum; cf. also conduco, II.; post-Aug., and only in the third person; most freq. in Quint.); constr. with ad, in, the dat., inf., or absol.

With ad:

naturane plus ad eloquentiam conferat an doctrina,

Quint. 2, 19, 1; so id. 1, 8, 7; 2, 5, 1; 3, 6, 7 al.; Cels. 6, 6, 1; Col. 12, prooem. § 6; Suet. Tib. 4.—

With in:

rursus in alia plus prior (exercitatio) confert,

Quint. 10, 7, 26.—

With dat.:

Gracchorum eloquentiae multum contulisse matrem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6; so id. prooem. § 6; 2, 9, 2; 3, 7, 12 al.; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; 20, 23, 98, § 261; 29, 1, 6, § 13; Suet. Vesp. 6.—

With subj. inf.:

incipiente incremento confert alterna folia circum obruere,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83.—

Absol.:

multum veteres etiam Latini conferunt, imprimis copiam verborum,

Quint. 1, 8, 8; 2, 5, 16; 4, 2, 123 al.; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 67.—

To bring into connection, to unite, join, connect:

membris collatis, of an embrace,

Lucr. 4, 1101; cf.

ora,

App. M. 5, p. 161, 17:

fontes e quibus collatae aquae flumen emittunt,

Curt. 7, 11, 3: capita, to lay heads together (in conferring, deliberating, etc.), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31; Liv. 2, 45, 7: pedem, to go or come with one, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 41; so,

gradum ( = congredi),

id. Men. 3, 3, 30; id. Ps. 2, 4, 17; Verg. A. 6, 488.—Of chemical union:

dissimiles et dispares res in unam potestatem,

Vitr. 2, 6, 4.—

Trop.:

collatis viribus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 17; cf.:

conferre vires in unum,

Liv. 33, 19, 7:

collata omnium vota in unius salutem,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5:

e singulis frustis collata oratio,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 2, 9, 3:

velut studia inter nos conferebamus,

id. 4, prooem. § 1.— So esp. of conferences, consultations, etc., to consult together, confer, consider or talk over together:

si quid res feret, coram inter nos conferemus,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1:

sollicitudines nostras inter nos,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 2:

rationes,

id. Att 5, 21, 12: familiares sermones cum aliquo, to unite in familiar conversation with, id. Off. 2, 11, 39:

cum hoc in viā sermonem contulit,

id. Inv. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

cum aliquo aut sermones aut consilia,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 38:

consilia ad adulescentes,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 64; cf.:

consilia dispersim antea habita,

Suet. Caes. 80:

injurias,

to deliberate together concerning, Tac. Agr. 15; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2.— Absol.:

omnes sapientes decet conferre et fabulari,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 8.—With a rel.clause:

fusi contulerimus inter nos... quid finis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 4:

ibi conferentibus, quid animorum Hispanis esset,

Liv. 27, 20, 4.—

To bring or join together in a hostile manner, to set together (most freq. in milit. lang.):

(Galli) cum Fontejo ferrum ac manus contulerunt,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

signa cum Alexandrinis,

id. Pis. 21, 49; cf.:

collatis signis depugnare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66:

arma cum aliquo,

Nep. Eum. 11, 5; 3, 6; cf.:

arma inter se,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

castra cum hoste,

id. 26, 12, 14; cf.:

castra castris,

id. 23, 28, 9; 8, 23, 9; Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114; Caes. B. C. 3, 79:

pedem cum pede,

to fight foot to foot, Liv. 28, 2, 6; cf.:

pede conlato,

id. 6, 12, 10; 10, 29, 6; 26, 39, 12 al.:

gradum cum aliquo,

id. 7, 33, 11:

pectora luctantia nexu pectoribus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

stat conferre manum Aeneae,

Verg. A. 12, 678:

prima movet Cacus collatā proelia dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 569:

collatis cursibus hastas conicere,

Val. Fl. 6, 270:

seque viro vir contulit,

Verg. A. 10, 735.— Poet.:

inter sese duri certamina belli,

Verg. A. 10, 147:

contra conferre manu certamina pugnae,

Lucr. 4, 843:

collato Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 379.— Absol.:

mecum confer, ait,

fight with me, Ov. M. 10, 603.—

Transf. from milit. affairs to lawsuits: pedem, to encounter, come in contact with one, to attack:

non possum magis pedem conferre, ut aiunt, aut propius accedere?

Cic. Planc. 19, 48:

pedem cum singulis,

Quint. 5, 13, 11; cf. id. 8, 6, 51; cf.:

qui illi concedi putem utilius esse quod postulat quam signa conferri,

Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5.— Poet.:

lites,

to contend, quarrel, Hor. S. 1, 5, 54.—

To bring together for comparison, to compare; constr. with cum, inter se, ad, the dat., or acc. only.

With cum:

quem cum eo (sc. Democrito) conferre possumus non modo ingenii magnitudine sed etiam animi?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 115:

ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius,

id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 45; id. Sull. 26, 72:

cum maximis minima,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; Quint. 5, 13, 12; 8, 4, 2 al.:

nostras leges cum illorum Lycurgo et Dracone et Solone,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 197; cf.:

illa cum Graeciā,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; v. also d. —

With inter se (rare):

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20.—

With ad:

bos ad bovem collatus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 28 Müll.—

With dat.:

tempora praesentia praeteritis,

Lucr. 2, 1166:

parva magnis,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

alicui illud,

id. Inv. 2, 50, 151:

lanam tinctam Tyriae lacernae,

Quint. 12, 10, 75:

ingenia ingeniis,

Sen. Contr. 5, 33:

illam puellis,

Prop. 1, 5, 7; 1, 4, 9:

nil jucundo amico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 44:

(Pausanias et Lysander) ne minimā quidem ex parte Lycurgi legibus et disciplinae conferendi sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. supra, a.—

With acc. only:

tesseram hospitalem,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 88:

conferte Verrem: non ut hominem cum homine comparetis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 121:

exemplum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 85; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 14; Ov. M. 7, 696:

nec cum quaereretur gener Tarquinio, quisquam Romanae juventutis ullā arte conferri potuit,

Liv. 1, 39, 4; Suet. Caes. 47:

census,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 159.—Of documents:

haec omnia summā curā et diligentiā recognita et conlata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190.—

With the idea of shortening by bringing together (cf. colligo), to compress, abridge, condense, make or be brief:

quam potero in verba conferam paucissima,

Plaut. Men. prol. 6; cf.:

in pauca, ut occupatus nunc sum, confer, quid velis,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 44:

rem in pauca,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 68; and:

in pauca verba,

id. As. 1, 1, 75; id: Pers. 4, 4, 109:

totam Academiam... ex duobus libris contuli in quattuor,

Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1:

ut in pauca conferam,

id. Caecin. 6, 17:

sua verba in duos versus,

Ov. F. 1, 162:

ex immensā diffusāque legum copiā optima quaeque et necessaria in paucissimos libros,

Suet. Caes. 44.— [p. 412] *

To join in bringing forward, to propose unitedly (as a law; cf.

fero, II. B. 8. b.): cur enim non confertis, ne sit conubium divitibus et pauperibus,

Liv. 4, 4, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.

(Con intens.) To bear, carry, convey, direct a thing somewhere (in haste, for protection, etc.); and conferre se, to betake or turn one's self anywhere, to go (very freq. and class.).

Prop.

In gen.

With the designation of the goal: quo me miser conferam? Gracch. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 214:

qui cum se suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

se suaque eo,

id. ib. 3, 28:

se suaque in naves,

Nep. Them. 2, 7 al.:

iter Brundisium versus,

Cic. Att. 3, 4 med.; cf.: iter eo, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 4:

suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17: legiones in mediam aciem, Auct. B. Alex. 39;

Auct. B. Afr. 60: quos eodem audita Cannensis clades contulerat,

Liv. 23, 17, 8:

parentes illuc,

Tac. A. 4, 46:

se Rhodum conferre,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: se Laodiceam, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 4:

se Colonas,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

quo se fusa acies,

Liv. 9, 16, 1 al.:

se ad Tissaphernem,

Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; so,

se ad Pharnabazum,

id. Con. 2, 1:

se in fugam,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22: sese in pedes, Enn. ap. Non. p. 518, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 7 (cf.:

conicere se in pedes,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 13).—Of things:

pituita eo se umorve confert,

Cels. 2, 12.—

Absol.:

pulcre haec confertur ratis,

is borne away, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 27.—

Esp., in Ov. M. (cf. abeo, II.): aliquem in aliquid, to change into, transform to something:

aliquem in saxum,

Ov. M. 4, 278: versos vultus ( poet. circumlocution for se) in hanc, id. ib. 9, 348:

corpus in albam volucrem,

id. ib. 12, 145.—

Trop.

In gen., to bring, turn, direct something to; and conferre se, to turn, apply, devote one's self to, etc.:

quo mortuo me ad pontificem Scaevolam contuli,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

(Crassus) cum initio aetatis ad amicitiam se meam contulisset,

id. Brut. 81, 281; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2:

qui se ad senatūs auctoritatem, ad libertatem vestram contulerunt,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; id. Ac. 1, 9, 34:

se ad studium scribendi,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

se ad studia litterarum,

id. ib. 7, 16; cf. Suet. Gram. 24:

meus pater eam seditionem in tranquillum conferet (the figure taken from the sea when in commotion),

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 16: verba ad rem, to bring words to actions, i. e. to pass from words to deeds, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 4; id. Hec. 3, 1, 17:

suspitionem in Capitonem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

ut spes votaque sua non prius ad deos quam ad principum aures conferret,

Tac. A. 4, 39:

lamentationes suas etiam in testamentum,

id. ib. 15, 68.—More freq., in partic.,

With the access. idea of application or communication, to devote or apply something to a certain purpose, to employ, direct, confer, bestow upon, give, lend, grant, to transfer to (a favorite word with Cic.).

With dat.:

dona quid cessant mihi Conferre?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

tibi munera,

Prop. 2, 3, 25; Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

victoribus praemia,

Suet. Calig. 20:

puellae quinquaginta milia nummūm,

Plin. Ep. 6, 32, 2:

fructum alio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 60; Dig. 37, 6, 1, § 24.—

With ad and acc.:

hostiles exuvias ornatum ad urbis et posterum gloriam,

Tac. A. 3, 72:

Mithridates omne reliquum tempus non ad oblivionem veteris belli, sed ad comparationem novi contulit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9:

omne studium atque omne ingenium ad populi Romani gloriam laudemque celebrandam,

id. Arch. 9, 19; id. Fam. 10, 1, 3:

omnem meam curam atque operam ad philosophiam,

id. ib. 4, 3, 4:

omnem tuum amorem omnemque tuam prudentiam... confer ad eam curam,

id. Att. 7, 1, 2:

animum ad fodiendos puteos, Auct. B. Alex. 9: ad naturae suae non vitiosae genus consilium vivendi omne,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

orationem omnem ad misericordiam,

id. Lig. 1, 1.—

With in:

omnes curas cogitationesque in rem publicam,

Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2:

diligentiam in valetudinem tuam,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

praedas ac manubias suas non in monumenta deorum immortalium, neque in urbis ornamenta conferre, sed, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 23, 60:

in eos, quos speramus nobis profuturos, non dubitamus officia conferre,

id. Off. 1, 15, 48; so,

plurimum benignitatis in eum,

id. ib. 1, 16, 50; id. Lael. 19, 70: curam restituendi Capitolii in L. Vestinum confert, i. e. assigns to, charges with, Tac. H. 4, 53:

in unius salutem collata omnium vota,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5.—

With erga:

commemoratio benevolentiae ejus, quam erga me a pueritiā contulisses,

Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 1.—

With aliquid ad or in aliquem or aliquid, to refer or ascribe something to a person or thing as its possessor, author (in a good, and freq. in a bad sense), to attribute, impute, assign, ascribe to one, to lay to the charge of:

species istas hominum in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77:

res ad imperium deorum,

Lucr. 6, 54:

permulta in Plancium, quae ab eo numquam dicta sunt, conferuntur... Stomachor vero, cum aliorum non me digna in me conferuntur,

Cic. Planc. 14, 35; id. Fam. 5, 5, 2:

mortis illius invidiam in L. Flaccum,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

suum timorem in rei frumentariae simulationem angustiasque itinerum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

sua vitia et suam culpam in senectutem,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14:

hanc ego de re publicā disputationem in Africani personam et Phili contuli,

id. Att. 4, 16, 2.—So esp.:

culpam in aliquem,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 156; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97; Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 1:

causam in aliquem,

id. ib. 12, 31, 1; Liv. 5, 11, 6; cf.:

causam in tempus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 228.—

To transfer to a fixed point of time, fix, assign, refer, appoint, put off, defer, postpone (cf. differo):

Carthaginis expugnationem in hunc annum,

Liv. 27, 7, 5: in posterum diem iter suum contulit, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3:

omnia in mensem Martium,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 24:

aliquid in ambulationis tempus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

eam pecuniam in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

quod in longiorem diem conlaturus fuisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.:

alicujus consulatum in annum aliquem,

Plin. Pan. 61.—Rarely of place:

idoneum locum in agris nactus... ibi adventum expectare Pompei eoque omnem belli rationem conferre constituit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 81 fin. —

To bring on, cause, occasion, induce:

pestem alicui,

Col. 1, 5, 4:

candorem mollitiamque,

Plin. 35, 15, 50, § 175.

ĕquĭdem, adv. [comp. of the interj. ĕ and quidem enclit.; cf. edepol], a demonstrative corroborative particle, verily, truly, indeed, at all events, = certe, revera, etc. (freq. and class.).

In gen.

Without other particles.

With 1. pers. in affirming a fact concerning one's self, or confirming a previous remark;

equidem Sosia Amphitruonis sum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 255; 2, 1, 26; 32: i in malam rem. Mi. Ibi sum equidem, id. Poen. 1, 2, 82:

nihil inquit, equidem novi,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 11:

equidem et ante hoc tempus te dilexi,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 2:

equidem etiam illud mihi animum advertisse videor,

id. ib. 15, 4, 14; cf. Caes. ap. Gell. 13, 3, 5 al.:

id equidem ego certo scio,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 33;

so with ego,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 19; Cic. Mil. 2, 5, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 1, 576; Sall. C. 51, 15; id. J. 10, 6 Kritz.; id. ib. 85, 26.—

With the 1. pers. plur.: equidem, ere, nos jam dudum hic te apsentem incusamus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 7; so Sall. C. 52, 11 (but not in Cicero, Horace, Vergil, or Quintilian; v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 37; Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 9).—

With the 2. and 3. perss. sing. (perh. not in Plaut.; v. Ritschl, prol. ad Trin. p. 76 sq.; corrected, quidem, Stich. 2, 2, 5; 4, 1, 48; Mil. 3, 1, 55 Fleck.;

Men. 2, 2, 35 Brix, etc. But quando equidem nec tibi bene esse pote pati, etc., Trin. 2, 2, 71 Ritschl2: atque equidem ipsus ultro venit,

ib. 3, 1, 10 Ritschl2; cf. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 41):

scitis equidem milites, etc.,

Sall. C. 58, 4; cf. Tac. Or. 27; Varr. R. R. 1, 5, 1:

vanum equidem hoc consilium est,

Sall. C. 52, 16.—

With 3. pers. plur.:

equidem innumerabiles mihi videntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 5:

per me equidem sint omnia alba,

Pers. 1, 110:

equidem si nobis religiones nullae essent,

Liv. 5, 51, 4:

adulescentem equidem dicebant emisse, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 33.—

Sometimes made more emphatic by certe, edepol, ecastor, hercle, etc. (most freq. in Plaut.):

certe equidem noster sum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 23; so id. Pers. 2, 2, 27; Verg. E. 9, 7; cf.:

equidem certo idem sum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 291:

credo edepol equidem dormire solem,

id. ib. 1, 1, 126:

equidem pol,

id. Most. 1, 3, 22; 29; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 37:

certe equidem edepol,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 38; cf. with 3. pers.:

equidem edepol liberali'st,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 76:

equidem ecastor vigilo,

id. Am. 2, 2, 66; id. Men. 4, 2, 95:

equidem hercle,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 54; id. Ep. 3, 4, 48; id. Mil. 4, 7, 24; id. Men. 3, 2, 39; id. Merc. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 24.—

In partic.

Certainly, by all means, of course, to be sure, in a concessive sense. Pi. Sine. Ba. Sino equidem, si lubet, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 66; id. Men. 2, 3, 18. Q. Sed perge cetera. M. Pergam equidem, Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69.— So with sed, verum, tamen, etc.:

dixi equidem, sed, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 59:

sic ego nolim equidem apud rusticos, sed multo minus apud vos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6 fin.; cf. Liv. 3, 68:

quibus epistolis sum equidem abs te lacessitus ad scribendum, sed, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 13 al.; cf.

with foll. verum,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 40 (with ego); Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 34; Cic. Fam. 16, 16;

with verumtamen,

id. ib. 12, 30, 3;

with tamen,

Liv. 4, 3; Plin. Pan. 31;

with sed tamen,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 32; id. Fam. 9, 13, 4; 11, 14, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 1, 79 al.;

with ceterum,

Curt. 4, 12, 20.—

Sometimes with pregn. reference to the speaker, for my part, as far as I am concerned: equidem me Caesaris militem dici volui;

vos me, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

equidem doleo non me tuis litteris certiorem fieri,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:

quod equidem sciam,

Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; cf. id. 2, 98, 101, § 220.—Cf. Hand Turs. II. pp. 422-437.

heu! interj. (constr. absol. or with acc., rarely with nom. or voc.; cf. Huschke ad Tib. 2, 6, 28; Forbig. and Wagn. ad Verg. A. 2, 274. The passages cited for heu mihi, etc., Hand, Turs. III. 68 sq., are mostly corrected in recent edd.)

An exclamation of grief or pain, oh! ah! alas! heu heu, quam ego malis perdidi modis, quod tibi detuli et quod dedi! Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 26:

quatenus, heu nefas! Virtutem incolumem odimus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 30; cf.:

palam captis gravis, heu nefas heu,

id. ib. 4, 6, 17: o domus antiqua, heu quam dispari Dominare domino! Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139 (Trag. Rel. Rib. p. 224): heu, mea fortuna, Enn. ap. Non. 90, 14 (Trag. v. 408 Vahl.):

heu, hercle, mulier, multum et audax et mala's,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 31:

heu, nimis longo satiate ludo (Mars)!

Hor. C. 1, 2, 37: heu me miseram! interii, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 6 (Trag. v. 228 Vahl.); Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 29; so,

heu me miserum!

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 10; id. Merc. 3, 4, 39; Ter. And. 4, 1, 22; Afran. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 14:

heu me infelicem!

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 2; Turp. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 73:

heu edepol hominem nihili!

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 27:

heu edepol res turbulentas!

id. Epid. 1, 1, 68:

heu hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

id. Men. 2, 2, 41:

heu hercle odiosas res!

id. Mil. 4, 2, 65; id. Men. 5, 2, 119:

heu me, per urbem Fabula quanta fui!

Hor. Epod. 11, 7:

heu, cor meum finditur!

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 17:

heu edepol, patrem eum miserum praedicas!

id. Most. 4, 2, 65:

illuc heu miseri traducimur,

Juv. 3, 159:

heu, edepol ne ego homo vivo miser,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

heu, nunc misero mihi demum exsilium infelix,

Verg. A. 10, 849.—

In a few doubtful passages in Plautus as an exclamation of admiration or surprise, oh! heu hercle mortalem catum! Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 147; cf.:

heu edepol mortalis malos!

id. ib. 3, 2, 26.‡ † Heurēsis, ĕos, f., = Heurêsis (a finding out), a Roman festival in November, Calend. Farnes. ap. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 381.

heu! interj. (constr. absol. or with acc., rarely with nom. or voc.; cf. Huschke ad Tib. 2, 6, 28; Forbig. and Wagn. ad Verg. A. 2, 274. The passages cited for heu mihi, etc., Hand, Turs. III. 68 sq., are mostly corrected in recent edd.)

An exclamation of grief or pain, oh! ah! alas! heu heu, quam ego malis perdidi modis, quod tibi detuli et quod dedi! Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 26:

quatenus, heu nefas! Virtutem incolumem odimus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 30; cf.:

palam captis gravis, heu nefas heu,

id. ib. 4, 6, 17: o domus antiqua, heu quam dispari Dominare domino! Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139 (Trag. Rel. Rib. p. 224): heu, mea fortuna, Enn. ap. Non. 90, 14 (Trag. v. 408 Vahl.):

heu, hercle, mulier, multum et audax et mala's,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 31:

heu, nimis longo satiate ludo (Mars)!

Hor. C. 1, 2, 37: heu me miseram! interii, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 6 (Trag. v. 228 Vahl.); Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 29; so,

heu me miserum!

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 10; id. Merc. 3, 4, 39; Ter. And. 4, 1, 22; Afran. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 14:

heu me infelicem!

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 2; Turp. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 73:

heu edepol hominem nihili!

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 27:

heu edepol res turbulentas!

id. Epid. 1, 1, 68:

heu hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

id. Men. 2, 2, 41:

heu hercle odiosas res!

id. Mil. 4, 2, 65; id. Men. 5, 2, 119:

heu me, per urbem Fabula quanta fui!

Hor. Epod. 11, 7:

heu, cor meum finditur!

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 17:

heu edepol, patrem eum miserum praedicas!

id. Most. 4, 2, 65:

illuc heu miseri traducimur,

Juv. 3, 159:

heu, edepol ne ego homo vivo miser,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

heu, nunc misero mihi demum exsilium infelix,

Verg. A. 10, 849.—

In a few doubtful passages in Plautus as an exclamation of admiration or surprise, oh! heu hercle mortalem catum! Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 147; cf.:

heu edepol mortalis malos!

id. ib. 3, 2, 26.‡ † Heurēsis, ĕos, f., = Heurêsis (a finding out), a Roman festival in November, Calend. Farnes. ap. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 381.

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.

In gen.:

esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

simulacra,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

caput,

a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):

humana qui dape pavit equas,

Ov. H. 9, 68:

Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,

Flor. 3, 5, 10:

hostiae,

human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:

lac,

human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nec distare humana carne suillam,

Juv. 14, 98:

carnibus humanis vesci,

id. 15, 13:

societas generis humani,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:

omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20;

v. divinus: amor,

id. ib. 21, 81:

natura,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

virtus,

id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

casus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

cultus,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:

humanissima voluptas,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:

ignes,

i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:

dapes,

i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:

memoria,

Tac. A. 11, 14:

ultra modum humanum,

id. ib. 11, 21:

humanum facinus factumst,

customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:

nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,

of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:

scelus,

committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):

persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:

humano quodam modo,

Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;

3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,

Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.

hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—

hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:

non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 4, 9:

pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,

Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):

homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:

Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,

Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—

Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:

qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:

despicientem omnia humana,

id. Rep. 1, 17; and:

haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,

id. ib. 6, 19:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1:

deos esse et non neglegere humana,

id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):

respiratio humanior,

i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.

In partic.

Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:

comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:

Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,

Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:

homo facillimus atque humanissimus,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:

humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:

Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —

Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

homines periti et humani,

id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §

70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;

see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.

Form humane:

vix humane patitur,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:

morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—

Form humaniter:

docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—

Comp.:

si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—

In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.

Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:

fecit enim humane,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—

Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:

fecit humaniter Licinius,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—

Sup.:

quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:

quam humanissime scribere,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,

Petr. 8.

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.

In gen.:

esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

simulacra,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

caput,

a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):

humana qui dape pavit equas,

Ov. H. 9, 68:

Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,

Flor. 3, 5, 10:

hostiae,

human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:

lac,

human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nec distare humana carne suillam,

Juv. 14, 98:

carnibus humanis vesci,

id. 15, 13:

societas generis humani,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:

omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20;

v. divinus: amor,

id. ib. 21, 81:

natura,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

virtus,

id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

casus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

cultus,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:

humanissima voluptas,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:

ignes,

i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:

dapes,

i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:

memoria,

Tac. A. 11, 14:

ultra modum humanum,

id. ib. 11, 21:

humanum facinus factumst,

customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:

nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,

of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:

scelus,

committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):

persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:

humano quodam modo,

Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;

3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,

Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.

hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—

hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:

non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 4, 9:

pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,

Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):

homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:

Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,

Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—

Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:

qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:

despicientem omnia humana,

id. Rep. 1, 17; and:

haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,

id. ib. 6, 19:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1:

deos esse et non neglegere humana,

id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):

respiratio humanior,

i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.

In partic.

Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:

comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:

Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,

Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:

homo facillimus atque humanissimus,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:

humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:

Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —

Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

homines periti et humani,

id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §

70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;

see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.

Form humane:

vix humane patitur,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:

morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—

Form humaniter:

docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—

Comp.:

si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—

In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.

Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:

fecit enim humane,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—

Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:

fecit humaniter Licinius,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—

Sup.:

quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:

quam humanissime scribere,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,

Petr. 8.

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.

In gen.:

esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

simulacra,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

caput,

a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):

humana qui dape pavit equas,

Ov. H. 9, 68:

Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,

Flor. 3, 5, 10:

hostiae,

human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:

lac,

human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nec distare humana carne suillam,

Juv. 14, 98:

carnibus humanis vesci,

id. 15, 13:

societas generis humani,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:

omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20;

v. divinus: amor,

id. ib. 21, 81:

natura,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

virtus,

id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

casus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

cultus,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:

humanissima voluptas,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:

ignes,

i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:

dapes,

i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:

memoria,

Tac. A. 11, 14:

ultra modum humanum,

id. ib. 11, 21:

humanum facinus factumst,

customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:

nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,

of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:

scelus,

committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):

persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:

humano quodam modo,

Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;

3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,

Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.

hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—

hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:

non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 4, 9:

pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,

Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):

homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:

Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,

Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—

Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:

qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:

despicientem omnia humana,

id. Rep. 1, 17; and:

haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,

id. ib. 6, 19:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1:

deos esse et non neglegere humana,

id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):

respiratio humanior,

i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.

In partic.

Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:

comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:

Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,

Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:

homo facillimus atque humanissimus,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:

humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:

Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —

Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

homines periti et humani,

id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §

70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;

see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.

Form humane:

vix humane patitur,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:

morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—

Form humaniter:

docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—

Comp.:

si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—

In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.

Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:

fecit enim humane,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—

Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:

fecit humaniter Licinius,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—

Sup.:

quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:

quam humanissime scribere,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,

Petr. 8.

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.

In gen.:

esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

simulacra,

id. Rep. 3, 9:

caput,

a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):

humana qui dape pavit equas,

Ov. H. 9, 68:

Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,

Flor. 3, 5, 10:

hostiae,

human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:

lac,

human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nec distare humana carne suillam,

Juv. 14, 98:

carnibus humanis vesci,

id. 15, 13:

societas generis humani,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:

omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20;

v. divinus: amor,

id. ib. 21, 81:

natura,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

virtus,

id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

casus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

cultus,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:

humanissima voluptas,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:

ignes,

i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:

dapes,

i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:

memoria,

Tac. A. 11, 14:

ultra modum humanum,

id. ib. 11, 21:

humanum facinus factumst,

customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:

nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,

of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:

scelus,

committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):

persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:

humano quodam modo,

Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;

3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,

Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.

hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—

hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:

non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:

si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,

Liv. 5, 4, 9:

pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,

Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):

homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:

Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,

Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—

Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:

qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:

despicientem omnia humana,

id. Rep. 1, 17; and:

haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,

id. ib. 6, 19:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1:

deos esse et non neglegere humana,

id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):

respiratio humanior,

i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.

In partic.

Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:

comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:

Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,

Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:

homo facillimus atque humanissimus,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:

humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:

Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —

Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

homines periti et humani,

id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §

70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;

see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.

(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.

Form humane:

vix humane patitur,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:

morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—

Form humaniter:

docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—

Comp.:

si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—

In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.

Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:

fecit enim humane,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—

Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:

fecit humaniter Licinius,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—

Sup.:

quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:

quam humanissime scribere,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,

Petr. 8.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—

Transf.

Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:

quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:

scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:

maxime quod de judicatu meo,

id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,

id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:

scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:

plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:

tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:

longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:

cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,

Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:

haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;

2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:

tum cum maxime,

at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,

tunc cum maxime,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

nunc cum maxime,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—

In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,

Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.

Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—