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41 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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42 switch
1) переключатель; коммутационное устройство; коммутатор || переключать; коммутировать2) выключатель; прерыватель; разъединитель; рубильник || выключать; прерывать; разъединять5) вчт. оператор выбора, переключатель6) ж.-д. стрелка; стрелочный перевод || переводить стрелку7) ж.-д. маневрировать•to close the switch — замыкать переключатель;to switch off — выключать;to switch on — включать;to open the switch — размыкать переключатель;to switch out — выключать;-
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43 circuit
1) сеть
2) кругооборот
3) циркуляционный
4) циркуляционный контур
5) <tech.> цепь
6) схема
7) поток
8) неупорядоченный цикл
9) оборудование
10) обход
11) схемный
12) выключатель
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– linearity circuit
– load circuit
– local circuit
– logic circuit
– made circuit
– magnetic circuit
– main circuit
– marking circuit
– matrix circuit
– measuring circuit
– memory circuit
– metering circuit
– micrologic circuit
– microminiature circuit
– microprinted circuit
– microvave circuit
– mixing circuit
– mnemonic circuit
– modular circuit
– modulator circuit
– monitoring circuit
– monolithic circuit
– multichip circuit
– multifunction circuit
– multiple circuit
– multiplex circuit
– multiply-by-two circuit
– multiplying circuit
– multistable circuit
– narrow-gate circuit
– network circuit
– non-coincidence circuit
– nonlinear circuit
– NOR logic circuit
– NOT AND circuit
– not circuit
– NOT OR circuit
– NOT-AND circuit
– obtain circuit
– off-centering circuit
– open circuit
– open-wire circuit
– opposition circuit
– OR circuit
– OR-to-AND circuit
– OR-to-OR circuit
– oscillatory circuit
– output circuit
– parallel circuit
– parasitic circuit
– passive circuit
– period-computing circuit
– phantom circuit
– physical circuit
– planar circuit
– plank-magnetic circuit
– plated circuit
– polyphase circuit
– potted circuit
– power circuit
– primary circuit
– principle circuit
– printed circuit
– protect circuit
– protection circuit
– pulmonary circuit
– pulse-actuated circuit
– pulse-generating circuit
– pump circuit
– push-pull circuit
– radiotelephone circuit
– read circuit
– reciprocal circuit
– regenerative circuit
– reheat circuit
– rejecter circuit
– relaxation circuit
– reset circuit
– resistive circuit
– resonance circuit
– resonant circuit
– response of circuit
– return circuit
– ring-bus circuit
– ring-down circuit
– ringdown circuit
– safety circuit
– scale-of-five circuit
– scale-of-ten circuit
– scale-of-two circuit
– scaling circuit
– schematic circuit
– secondary circuit
– see-saw circuit
– seize a circuit
– self-exciting circuit
– semibutterfly circuit
– separation circuit
– sequence circuit
– sequential circuit
– series circuit
– shift circuit
– short circuit
– side circuit
– simplexed circuit
– single-channel circuit
– single-core circuit
– single-ended circuit
– single-wire circuit
– sling circuit
– software circuit
– solid-state circuit
– squaring circuit
– squelch circuit
– stabilizing circuit
– staggered circuit
– starting circuit
– steam-generating circuit
– stick circuit
– storage circuit
– subtraction circuit
– sweep circuit
– switch circuit
– switching circuit
– symmetrical circuit
– sync circuit
– synchronizing circuit
– systemic circuit
– talking circuit
– tank circuit
– tapped circuit
– telephone circuit
– testing circuit
– thick-film circuit
– thin-film circuit
– three-phase circuit
– through circuit
– timer circuit
– totem-pole-type circuit
– track circuit
– transfer circuit
– transistor circuit
– trap circuit
– voltage-doubling circuit
– water-slurry circuit
– water-steam circuit
– welding circuit
– write circuit
alignment of tuned circuit — < radio> подстройка контура
analog integrated circuit — аналоговая микросхема, аналоговая интегральная микросхема
aperiodic oscillatory circuit — колебательный апериодический
automatic circuit breaker — автомат защиты сети, выключатель автоматический
bridge-type balancing circuit — <electr.> схема мостовая компенсационная
deposited integrated circuit — осажденная интегральная схема
digital integrated circuit — цифровая микросхема, цифровая ИМС
directly-coupled transistor circuit — схема с непосредственной связью на полупроводниковых триодах
double flip-flop circuit — <comput.> схема двухперекидная
double-rail track circuit — < railways> цепь рельсовая двухниточная
ferroresonant computing circuit — феррорезонансная вычислительная схема
film integrated circuit — пленочная микросхема, пленочная интегральная микросхема
gas-blast circuit breaker — выключатель с газовым дутьем, выключатель автокомпрессионный элегазовый
half-wave track circuit — импульсная рельсовая цепь < railways>
hybrid integrated circuit — гибридная микросхема, гибридная интегральная микросхема
integrated circuit amplifier — усилитель на интегральных схемах
large-scale integration circuit — большая интегральная микросхема
meter-reading access circuit — схема вывода показаний измерительного прибора
microprocessor integrated circuit — микропроцессорная интегральная микросхема
microwave integrated circuit — интегральная схема СВЧ диапазона, сверхвысокочастотная ИМС
monolithic integrated circuit — полупроводниковая микросхема
multitank oil circuit breaker — камерный масляный выключатель
semiconducnor integrated circuit — полупроводниковая интегральная микросхема
series track circuit — < railways> цепь рельсовая конденсаторная
short circuit current — <electr.> ток короткого замыкания
single-path magnetic circuit — неразветвленный магнитопровод
single-rail track circuit — однониточная рельсовая цепь, < railways> цепь рельсовая однониточная
single-tank oil circuit breaker — баковый масляный выключатель
turn-to-turn short circuit — междувитковое короткое замыкание
-
44 format
1) формат (1. тип; стиль; совокупность отличительных признаков 2. структура; организация 3. (геометрические) размеры; соотношение (геометрических) размеров; типоразмер; конструктив 4. вчт способ представления и схема размещения данных на носителе, в памяти и др. 5. имя команды операционной системы или утилиты для форматирования носителя данных) || форматировать (1. выбирать тип; определять стиль 2. структурировать; организовывать 3. задавать способ представления и схему размещения данных на носителе, в памяти и др. 4. вчт инициализировать носитель данных, подготавливать носитель данных к записи)2) форма; вид || придавать форму; представлять в виде3) разметка || размечать•- ASCII format
- audio interchange file format
- B-format
- Beta format
- Betacam format
- Betacam SP format
- Betacam SX format
- Betamax format
- binary format
- bootable CD format
- C-format
- CCTV format
- cell format
- character format
- closed-circuit television format
- CMF format
- comma number format
- Creative music file format
- Creative Labs music file format
- currency number format
- D1 format
- D2 format
- D3 format
- D5 format
- D6 format
- D7 format
- DAT format
- data format - date numeric format
- DCC format
- digital format
- digital audio stationary head format
- Digital Betacam format
- disk record format
- display format
- DLT format
- document format - file format
- fixed number format
- foreign format
- GEM file format
- general format
- global format
- graphic interchange format
- graphics file format
- Hi-8 format
- hidden number format
- high-level format
- High Sierra format
- High Sierra Group format
- HSB format
- HTML format
- IBK format
- input format
- instruction format
- instrument bank file format
- interchange file format
- ISO 9660 format
- JAR file format
- Joliet format
- logical format
- low-level format
- M-II format
- message format
- MIDI format
- modulation format
- NAB format
- NARTB format
- native file format
- numeric format
- office document interchange format
- open document interchange format
- operator format
- percent number format
- physical format
- printer format
- proprietary file format
- Q-format
- quadruplex format
- quadruplex transverse recording format
- range format
- raster image file format
- record format
- register retirement format
- resource interchange file format
- rich text format
- RGB format
- Rock Ridge format
- safe format
- SBI format
- scientific number format
- SMPTE type B-format
- SMPTE type C-format
- sound bluster instrument bank file format
- sound bluster instrument file format
- standard messaging format
- start-stop format
- Super VHS format
- S-VHS format
- tagged image file format
- TAR format
- tape archival and retrieval format
- television format
- text format
- text interchange format
- text numeric format
- text-only format
- TV format
- two-column format
- U-format
- U-format H
- U-format SP
- universal disk format
- VHS format
- VHS-C format
- Video-8 format
- video record format
- Windows metafile format
- word format
- YUV format
- +/- numeric format -
45 system
1) система || системный3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор5) вчт большая программа6) метод; способ; алгоритм•system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)
- CPsystem- H-system- h-system- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system- Ksystem- Lsystem- L*a*b* system- master/slave computer system- p-system- y-system- Δ-system -
46 voltage
1) напряжение, разность потенциалов2) потенциал•- accelerating voltagevoltage across — напряжение на (напр. зажимах)
- acceleration voltage
- active voltage
- actuating voltage
- allowable voltage
- alternating voltage
- anode voltage
- anode breakdown voltage
- anode-cathode voltage
- anode-to-cathode voltage
- applied voltage
- arc voltage
- arc-drop voltage
- asymptotic breakdown voltage
- avalanche voltage
- avalanche breakdown voltage
- average voltage
- back voltage
- balanced voltages
- barrier voltage
- base voltage
- baseband voltage
- base-to-emitter voltage
- bath voltage
- bias voltage
- birefringence threshold voltage
- black-out voltage
- blanking voltage
- blocking voltage
- blue video voltage
- booster voltage
- branch voltage
- breakdown voltage
- breakover voltage
- bridge supply voltage
- bucking voltage
- built-in voltage
- bus voltage
- calibration voltage
- capacitor voltage
- catcher voltage
- cathode voltage
- cathode sheath voltage
- cathode storage-element equilibrium voltage
- cell voltage
- charge voltage
- circuit voltage
- clamp voltage
- clock voltage
- closed-circuit voltage
- coercive voltage
- collector voltage
- collector breakdown voltage
- collector storage-element equilibrium voltage
- collector-to-base voltage
- collector-to-emitter voltage
- color voltage
- commercial-frequency voltage
- common-mode voltage
- commutating voltage
- compensating voltage
- complex voltage
- compliance voltage
- composite controlling voltage
- computer voltage
- constant voltage
- contact voltage
- control voltage
- control-circuit voltage
- convergence voltage
- corona start voltage
- counter voltage
- crest voltage
- critical voltage
- critical anode voltage
- critical grid voltage
- crossover voltage
- current-resistance voltage
- cutoff voltage
- dc voltage
- decelerating voltage
- decomposition voltage
- deflecting voltage
- derivative voltage
- dielectric breakdown voltage
- differential-mode voltage
- dipole voltage
- dipole barrier voltage
- direct voltage
- discharge voltage
- disruptive discharge voltage
- domain voltage
- drain voltage
- driving voltage
- drop-away voltage
- drop-out voltage
- effective voltage
- electric voltage
- electrode voltage
- emitter voltage
- equilibrium voltage
- error voltage
- excess voltage
- excess domain voltage
- excitation voltage
- extinction voltage
- extinguishing voltage
- extra-high voltage
- Faraday voltage
- field voltage
- filament voltage
- final voltage
- firing voltage
- first breakdown voltage
- first crossover voltage
- flashback voltage
- flashover voltage
- flat-band voltage
- floating voltage
- fluctuation voltage
- flyback voltage
- focusing voltage
- formation voltage
- forming voltage
- forward voltage
- forward breakover voltage
- forward gate voltage
- fuel-cell voltage
- gate voltage
- gate nontrigger voltage
- gate trigger voltage
- gate turn-off voltage
- generated voltage
- gradient-established storage-element equilibrium voltage
- green-video voltage
- grid voltage
- half-wave voltage
- Hall voltage
- heater voltage
- high voltage
- high-level voltage
- holding voltage
- ignition voltage
- impressed voltage
- induced voltage
- inflection-point voltage
- initial voltage
- initial inverse voltage
- injected voltage
- in-phase voltage
- input voltage
- input error voltage
- interference voltage
- internal correction voltage
- inverse voltage
- ionization voltage
- junction voltage
- keep-alive voltage
- kickback voltage
- line voltage
- link voltage
- load voltage
- logical-threshold voltage
- low-level voltage
- magnetron critical voltage
- mains voltage
- maintaining voltage
- mask voltage
- minimum off-state voltage
- neutralizing voltage
- node voltage
- node-to-datum voltage
- noise voltage
- no-load voltage
- nominal voltage
- offset voltage
- off-load voltage
- off-state voltage
- on-load voltage
- on-state voltage
- open-circuit voltage
- operating voltage
- oscillating voltage
- out-of-balance voltages
- out-of-phase voltage
- output voltage
- output offset voltage
- pace voltage
- peak voltage
- peak inverse voltage
- peak-point voltage
- peak reverse voltage
- peak-to-peak voltage
- periodic voltage
- permissible voltage
- phase voltage
- photoelectric voltage
- pickup voltage
- pinch-off voltage
- plate voltage
- polarizing voltage
- poling voltage
- primary voltage
- principal voltage
- projected peak-point voltage
- psophometric voltage
- pull-in voltage
- pulsating voltage
- pump voltage
- punch-through voltage
- puncture voltage
- push-pull voltages
- push-push -voltages
- rail voltage
- rated voltage
- rated impulse withstand voltage
- reactive voltage
- rectified voltage
- rectifier-load voltage
- red video voltage
- reference voltage
- reflector voltage
- reignition voltage
- residual voltage
- resistance voltage
- resonance voltage
- reverse voltage
- reverse-bias voltage
- reverse-bias breakdown voltage
- ripple voltage
- root-mean-square voltage
- saturation voltage
- sawtooth voltage
- scanning voltage
- screen-grid voltage
- secondary voltage
- secondary-emission crossover voltage
- second-crossover voltage
- self-breakdown voltage
- self-firing voltage
- self-induction voltage
- shot-noise voltage
- signal voltage
- single-ended input voltage
- single-ended output voltage
- sinusoidal voltage
- source voltage
- square-wave voltage
- stabilized voltage
- staircase voltage
- starter breakdown voltage
- starting voltage
- step voltage
- storage-element equilibrium voltage
- supply voltage
- surge voltage
- sweep voltage
- swing voltage
- switching voltage
- synchronousvoltage
- tank voltage
- target voltage
- temperature voltage
- thermocouple voltage
- thermoelectric voltage
- threshold voltage
- time-base voltage
- touch voltage
- tree-branch voltage
- tunnel breakdown voltage
- ultrahigh voltage
- unit step voltage
- valley voltage
- variable voltage
- working voltage
- Zener voltage -
47 format
1) формат (1. тип; стиль; совокупность отличительных признаков 2. структура; организация 3. (геометрические) размеры; соотношение (геометрических) размеров; типоразмер; конструктив 4. вчт. способ представления и схема размещения данных на носителе, в памяти и др. 5. имя команды операционной системы или утилиты для форматирования носителя данных) || форматировать (1. выбирать тип; определять стиль 2. структурировать; организовывать 3. задавать способ представления и схему размещения данных на носителе, в памяти и др. 4. вчт. инициализировать носитель данных, подготавливать носитель данных к записи)2) форма; вид || придавать форму; представлять в виде3) разметка || размечать•- address format
- ASCII format
- audio interchange file format
- B format
- Beta format
- Betacam format
- Betacam SP format
- Betacam SX format
- Betamax format
- binary format
- bootable CD format
- C format
- CCTV format
- cell format
- character format
- closed-circuit television format
- CMF format
- comma number format
- Creative Labs music file format
- Creative music file format
- currency number format
- D1 format
- D2 format
- D3 format
- D5 format
- D6 format
- D7 format
- DAT format
- data format
- data interchange format
- date format
- date numeric format
- DCC format
- digital audio stationary head format
- Digital Betacam format
- digital format
- disk record format
- display format
- DLT format
- document format
- drawing exchange format
- DVC format
- file format
- fixed number format
- foreign format
- GEM file format
- general format
- global format
- graphic interchange format
- graphics file format
- Hi-8 format
- hidden number format
- High Sierra format
- High Sierra Group format
- high-level format
- HSB format
- HTML format
- IBK format
- input format
- instruction format
- instrument bank file format
- interchange file format
- ISO 9660 format
- JAR file format
- Joliet format
- logical format
- low-level format
- M II format
- message format
- MIDI format
- modulation format
- NAB format
- NARTB format
- native file format
- numeric format
- office document interchange format
- open document interchange format
- operator format
- percent number format
- physical format
- printer format
- proprietary file format
- Q format
- quadruplex format
- quadruplex transverse recording format
- range format
- raster image file format
- record format
- register retirement format
- resource interchange file format
- RGB format
- rich text format
- Rock Ridge format
- safe format
- SBI format
- scientific number format
- SMPTE type B format
- SMPTE type C format
- sound bluster instrument bank file format
- sound bluster instrument file format
- standard messaging format
- start-stop format
- Super VHS format
- S-VHS format
- tagged image file format
- tape archival and retrieval format
- TAR format
- television format
- text format
- text interchange format
- text numeric format
- text-only format
- TV format
- two-column format
- U-format H
- U-format SP
- U-format
- universal disk format
- VHS format
- VHS-C format
- video record format
- Video-8 format
- Windows metafile format
- word format
- YUV formatThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > format
-
48 circuit
2) канал3) т. граф. простая цепь, контур•- active circuit
- acyclic circuit
- adding circuit
- add circuit
- addressing circuit
- advancing circuit
- alarm circuit
- amplifying circuit
- analogous circuit
- analog circuit
- AND-to-OR circuit
- antialiasing circuit
- anticoincidence circuit
- antihunting circuit
- antihunt circuit
- aperiodic circuit
- arithmetic circuit
- arithmetical circuit
- astable circuit
- averaging circuit
- balanced circuit
- basis circuit
- beam-lead integrated circuit
- benchmark circuit
- binary-valued digital circuit
- binary-valued circuit
- bipolar circuit
- bistable circuit
- blanking circuit
- bleeder circuit
- bridge circuit
- buffer circuit
- carry circuit
- character selection circuit
- checking circuit
- check circuit
- clamping circuit
- clocked circuit
- clock-recovery circuit
- closed circuit
- code disjoint circuit
- coincidence circuit
- combinational circuit
- combinatorial circuit
- communication circuit
- comparator circuit
- compare circuit
- comparison circuit
- complementary circuit
- complementary integrated circuit
- complementary transistor logic circuit
- complex function circuit
- computer circuit
- computer test circuit
- computing circuit
- control circuit
- core-diode circuit
- core-transistor circuit
- correcting circuit
- correction circuit
- counter circuit
- counting circuit
- coupling circuit
- current-limit circuit
- current-operated circuit
- current-summation circuit
- custom product integrated circuit
- custom integrated circuit
- custom-wired integrated circuit
- cutoff circuit
- cycle circuit
- cyclic circuit
- dead-on-arrival integrated circuit
- decode circuit
- decoding circuit
- deenergizing circuit
- deflection circuit
- delay circuit
- densely packed circuit
- differentiating circuit
- digital computing circuit
- diode circuit
- diode-coupled circuit
- diode-transistor logic circuit
- direct-coupled circuit
- direct-coupled transistor logic circuit
- direct-current circuit
- discrete component circuit
- discrete logic-level
- discrete wired circuit
- display circuit
- divide-by-two circuit
- dividing circuit
- double-sided printed circuit
- doubling circuit
- drive circuit
- dry circuit
- dual circuit
- duplex circuit
- Eccles-Jordan circuit
- edge-activated circuit
- emitter-coupled circuit
- emitter-coupled logic circuit
- emitter-emitter-coupled logic circuit
- equality circuit
- equivalent circuit
- etched circuit
- Euler circuit
- except circuit
- fanout-free circuit
- fast-switching circuit
- fault detection circuit
- fault-free circuit
- fault-secure circuit
- faulty circuit
- feedback circuit
- ferrite-diode circuit
- ferrite-transistor circuit
- ferroresonant computing circuit
- film integrated circuit
- flag-testing circuit
- flat-pack integrated circuit
- flexible printed circuit
- flexible circuit
- flip-chip integrated circuit
- flip-flop circuit
- frame-grounding circuit
- frequency-halving circuit
- function circuit
- gate circuit
- Goto-pair circuit
- half-duplex circuit
- halving circuit
- Hamilton circuit
- hand-designed circuit
- hardwired circuit
- high-speed circuit
- high-threshold logic circuit
- holding circuit
- hybrid circuit
- idler circuit
- imbedded circuit
- IMOS circuit
- impulse circuit
- inhibit circuit
- input circuit
- integrated circuit
- integrating circuit
- integro-differential circuit
- interchange circuit
- interface circuit
- interfacing circuit
- interlock circuit
- invert circuit
- ion-implanted MOS circuit
- irredundant circuit
- Josephson integrated circuit
- junction transistor circuit
- ladder circuit
- lag-lead circuit
- laminar circuit
- large arithmetic circuit
- large-scale integrated circuit
- large-scale integration circuit
- latch circuit
- lead-lag circuit
- leased circuit
- level circuit
- linear circuit
- linear integrated circuit
- linearity circuit
- liquid logic circuit
- load circuit
- locked pair circuit
- locking circuit
- logic circuit
- logical circuit
- low-threshold integrated circuit
- LSI circuit
- lumped circuit
- magnetic circuit
- magnetic-core circuit
- majority circuit
- match circuit
- material equivalence circuit
- matrix circuit
- maximum-remembering circuit
- measuring circuit
- medium-scale integration circuit
- memory circuit
- memory-decoder circuit
- message circuit
- metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit
- microamp circuit
- microelectronic integrated circuit
- microminiature circuit
- microwave circuit
- mil spec integrated circuit
- milliwatt circuit
- miniature circuit
- minimum-remembering circuit
- mixed-level circuit
- mixing circuit
- modularized circuit
- molecular integrated circuit
- monitoring circuit
- monolithic integrated circuit
- monostable circuit
- MOS circuit
- MOS integrated circuit
- MOS LSI circuit
- MSI circuit
- multichip integrated circuit
- multifunction integrated circuit
- multilayer circuit
- multilevel circuit
- multiple output circuit
- multiplying circuit
- multipoint circuit
- multistable circuit
- multistage circuit
- nanosecond circuit
- n-channel circuit
- network circuit
- noise-balancing circuit
- noncoincidence circuit
- noncutoff circuit
- non-self-checking circuit
- one-core-per-bit circuit
- one-generator equivalent circuit
- one-out-of-four selecting circuit
- one-shot circuit
- open circuit
- optical commutation circuit
- optical memory circuit
- optically coupled circuit
- optoelectronic circuit
- output circuit
- packaged circuit
- packed circuit
- p-channel circuit
- phantom circuit
- phase-comparison circuit
- phase-inverting circuit
- picosecond circuit
- pilot circuit
- plastic-embedded circuit
- point-to-point circuit
- power circuit
- power monitoring circuit
- power-fail circuit
- printed circuit
- priority circuit
- propagation circuit
- protection circuit
- pulse circuit
- pulse-actuated circuit
- pulse-broadening circuit
- pulse-regenerating circuit
- pulse-shaping circuit
- pulse-stretching circuit
- pulse-switching circuit
- pumped tunnel-diode transistor logic circuit
- pumping circuit
- quenching circuit
- race-free circuit
- radio-frequency circuit
- random-logic circuit
- ratioed circuit
- reading circuit
- received-data circuit
- receiving circuit
- reconfigurable integrated circuit
- redundant circuit
- reference circuit
- refreshing circuit
- relaxation circuit
- reset circuit
- retriggerable circuit
- rewriting circuit
- ring circuit
- rounding circuit
- sample-hold circuit
- saturated circuit
- scale-of-N circuit
- scale-of-two circuit
- scaling circuit
- schematic circuit
- Schmitt trigger circuit
- Schmitt circuit
- screen printed circuit
- selection circuit
- select circuit
- self-checking circuit
- self-testing circuit
- self-timed circuit
- semiconductor circuit
- send-request circuit
- sequential circuit
- shifting circuit
- shift circuit
- short circuit
- shunt-peaking circuit
- sign-controlled circuit
- silicon integrated circuit
- silicon-on-sapphire integrated circuit
- simplex circuit
- single-chip circuit
- single-ended circuit
- single-level circuit
- single-phase circuit
- single-shot circuit
- small-scale integration circuit
- solid-state circuit
- solid circuit
- SOS integrated circuit
- squaring circuit
- SSI circuit
- stabilizing circuit
- stamped circuit
- start-stop circuit
- steering circuit
- storage circuit
- storage-selection circuit
- strongly fault-secure circuit
- subtraction circuit
- summing circuit
- sweep circuit
- switching circuit
- symbolic circuit
- synchronizing circuit
- synthesis circuit
- thick-film circuit
- thin-film circuit
- threshold circuit
- time-anticoincidence circuit
- time-base circuit
- time-coincidence circuit
- time-delay circuit
- toll circuit
- totally self-checking circuit
- transistor circuit
- transistor-core circuit
- transistor-resistor circuit
- transistor-transistor-logic circuit
- translation circuit
- transmitted-data circuit
- transmitting circuit
- tree circuit
- trigger -action circuit
- trigger circuit
- trunk circuit
- tunnel diode circuit
- twin-tunnel-diode circuit
- twin circuit
- two-cores-per-bit circuit
- two-input circuit
- two-level circuit
- two-way circuit
- ultra-large-scale integration circuit
- unidirectional circuit
- unpackaged circuit
- unpacked circuit
- very-high-speed integrated circuit
- very-large-scale integration circuit
- virtual circuit
- VLSI circuit
- voice circuit
- voice-grade circuit
- voltage-control circuit
- voltage-doubling circuit
- voltage-multiplying circuit
- voltage-summation circuit
- voter circuit
- wave-shaping circuit
- whole-wafer circuit
- wired AND circuit
- wired OR circuit
- wire-wrapped circuit
- writing circuit
- zero circuitEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > circuit
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49 put
1. IIIput smth.1) where have I put the ticket? куда я засунул /дел/ билет?2) put things (it, one's ideas, the case, etc.) излагать что-л. и т.д.; have a neat (brilliant, graceful, logical, clear, etc.) way of putting things [уметь] четко и т.д. излагать что-л.; as he put it как он выразился; as Horace puts it как об этом пишет Гораций, как это сказано у Горация; let me put my side of the case позвольте мне изложить мою точку зрения3) put a resolution предлагать резолюцию; put a motion (a proposal, etc.) выдвигать предложение и т.д.4) put a question задавать вопрос5) put smth. sport. put the shot (the weight, etc.) толкать ядро и т.д.2. IV1) put smth., smb. somewhere put a suitcase (a bag, a box, etc.) down опустить /положить или поставить на пол или на землю/ чемодан и т.д.; will you please put the reference book (the dictionary, the hat, specimens, etc.) here (over there, somewhere, back, etc.) пожалуйста, положите сюда и т.д. справочник и т.д.; put this chair there поставьте этот стул туда; put that dog down at once and don't touch it any more опусти собаку сейчас же и больше не трогай ее; did you put the swim-suits in? ты положил [в чемодан] /уложил/ купальные костюмы?; put the rubbish out выносить мусор; put out one's tongue высунуть /показать/ язык: put one's head out высунуть голову; put out a boat вывести лодку в море; now, children, you may put your hands down a теперь, дети, можете опустить руки; put smth. in some manner put one's things (books, one's clothes, etc.) together сложить /собрать/ свои вещи и т.д.; put the hands of a clock (the minute hand, the clock, etc.) back (forward) передвинуть /перевести/ стрелки часов и т.д. назад (вперед); put the clock back an hour перевести часы на час назад; that clock is fast, I'd better put it back five minutes эти часы спешат, пожалуй, я переведу их назад на пять минут; one can't put the clock back время нельзя повернуть назад: let's put two heads together давай подумаем вместе2) put smth. somewhere put one's interests (problems of health, science, etc.) first ставить собственные интересы и т.д. на первое место; put truth first заботиться прежде всего об истине; ставить истину во главу угла3) put smth., smb. in some state put things to rights a) привести все в порядок; б) все исправить; how can we put him at [his] ease? как мы можем его успокоить?4) put smth. in some manner put a case (ideas, a proposal, a matter, facts, things, the story, etc.) clearly (plainly, bluntly, forcibly, cleverly, etc.) излагать /выражать, формулировать/ дело /суть, обстоятельства дела/ и т.д. ясно и т.д.; the report puts the facts truthfully все факты, изложенные в донесении, соответствуют действительности; the teacher puts things convincingly учитель убедительно все объясняет или излагает; to put it briefly, his idea is that... коротко говоря, его мысль состоит в том, что...; to put it frankly, I don't саге for him откровенно /честно/ говоря, он мне не нравится; to say that I was frightened is putting it mildly мягко говоря, я испугался; I don't know how to put it я не знаю, как это выразить /как это сказать/; put it so as not to offend him скажите это так, чтобы он не обиделся5) put smth. somewhere put your name here, please распишитесь здесь, пожалуйста6) || put smb. back задержать кого-л.; the traffic jam put us back a whole hour пробка на дороге задержала нас на целый час3. VIput smth. to some state put a watch (a clock) right (wrong) поставить часы правильно (неправильно); put a clock (a watch) fast (slow) отрегулировать часы так, чтобы они шли быстрее (медленнее); put things /the matter/ right исправить положение вещей /дел/; his short note put everything right его короткая записка поставила все на свои места; he put everything wrong он все испортил: the teacher put the boy right учитель поправил ребенка /объяснил ребенку, в чем его ошибка/4. VIIput smth., smb. to do smth. put dishes to drain поставить посуду сушиться; put towels to dry повесить полотенца сушиться; put her to wash dishes (the girl to take care of the children, him to mind the furnace, etc.) поручить ей мыть посуду и т.д.; he put me to work peeling potatoes он посадил меня чистить картошку5. XI1) be put on (in, under, etc.) smth. the books were put on the shelf (on the table, under the tarpaulin, etc.) книги положили на полку и т.д.; the parcels were put in a bag свертки /посылки и т.п./ были уложены в мешок; every little thing must be put in its right place каждую даже самую маленькую вещичку надо класть на [свое] место2) be put to (into, in, out of, etc.) smth. be put (in)to jail /gaol/ быть посаженным /заключенным/ в тюрьму; be put into quarantine быть отправленным /помещенным, посаженным/ в /на/ карантин; the refugees were put in the hostel беженцев разместили в общежитии; he was put to bed его уложили спать; the boy was put out of the room for being impudent мальчика вывели из комнаты за дерзкое поведение; he was put out of the court его удаляли из зала суда; be put in some manner the new boys were put together in one dormitory новичков поместили вместе в одной спальне; he has more sense than all the rest put together у него больше здравого смысла, чем у всех остальных, вместе взятых; he thought he knew more than all his teachers put together он считал, что знает больше своих учителей, вместе взятых3) be put on (to) smth. the notice was put on the front page извещение /объявление/ поместили /напечатали/ на первой странице /полосе/; it's time the child was put to school пора определить ребенка в школу; be put on an army pay-roll быть зачисленным на армейское довольствие4) be put into smth. the work that has been put into it количество труда, вложенного в это [дело]5) be put to (into, in, etc.) smth. be put to use использовать; the uses to which his invention can (may) be put возможные способы /виды/ применения /использования/ его изобретения; be put into practice найти [практическое] применение; the law was put into force закон был введен в действие; he is put to every kind of work его ставят на всякую работу, его используют на разной работе; she was put in (to) service ее отдали в прислуги; the land was put into /under/ turnips участок был засеян репой6) be put into (in, out of, etc.) smth. be is soon put into a passion (into a rage, into despair, etc.) его можно быстро привести в состояние возбуждения и т.д.; the dog was put out of pain a) собаке сняли боль; б) собаку умертвили /усыпили/, чтобы она не мучилась; you will be put in funds in due time [денежные] средства вам предоставят в надлежащее время; be put in some manner all the clocks and watches were put back (forward) an hour on Saturday night в субботу вечером все часы были переведены на час назад (вперед); the wedding was put forward to June 3d свадьбу перенесли на третье июня; the meeting was put back for a week собрание отложили на неделю || be [hard] put to it оказаться в трудном /затруднительном/ положении; surprising what he can do when he's put to it просто удивительно, что только он ни сделает, когда нужно; you will be hard put to it to find a pleasanter place than this (to find a substitute, to get the needed sum, to pay his debts, etc.) [вам будет] трудно найти более приятное место, чем это и т.д.; be hard put to it financially находиться в затруднительном материальном положении; any doubt on this point can be easily put at rest любые сомнения на этот счет можно легко развеять7) be put to (on, into, in, out of) smth. I have been put to great inconvenience мне это было крайне неудобно; I have been put to great expense меня это ввело в большей расход; be put to the vote быть поставленным на голосование; the motion was put to the vote это предложение было поставлено на голосование; he's already been put to death его уже казнили; he was put on trial a) его предали суду; б) его взяли [на работу] с испытательным сроком; the company will be put in liquidation фирма будет закрыта; he was again put on the same treatment with the same good result ему провели повторный курс лечения, и результат снова оказался хорошим; be put on sale быть выпущенным в продажу; be put in (to) circulation пустить в обращение; only a few copies of the book were put in (to) circulation всего несколько экземпляров книги поступило в продажу; soon buses will be put into service on these routes вскоре по этим маршрутам будут пущены автобусы; these old freight cars have been put out of operation эти старые товарные вагоны сняты с эксплуатации /с линии/; the gun was put out of action орудие было выведено из строя; I had specimen pages put into type я сдал пробные страницы в набор8) be put to smth. the enemy was soon put to flight неприятель был вскоре обращен в бегство; he was put to his trump cards его заставили козырять /пойти с козырей/9) be put through smth. the bill was put through Congress last week законопроект был проведен через конгресс /был утвержден конгрессом/ на прошлой неделе10) be put at smth. the height of this hill is put at 200 metres считают /говорят/, что высота этого холма равна двумстам метрам; it is roughly put at I 5 это приблизительно равняется пяти фунтам11) be put in some manner be clearly (well, badly, etc.) put быть ясно и т.д. выраженным /изложенным/; а good story (an anecdote, a witticism, a jest, a joke, etc.) well put интересный, хорошо преподнесенный рассказ и т.д.; the case was cleverly put обстоятельства дела были умно /толково/ изложены; the compliment was clumsily put комплимент был сделан неуклюже; it was finely (gracefully, logically, etc.) put by this author об этом тонко и т.д. сказано /это тонко и т.д. сформулировано/ у данного автора; be put in a few words быть выраженным /высказанным/ несколькими словами12) be put to smb. the question was put to the chairman of the meeting (to the committee, to the management, etc.) вопрос был задан председателю собрания и т.д.13) be put on smb., smth. dues were put on cattle на крупный рогатый скот был введен налог; embargo has been put on the ship and cargo на корабль и груз было наложено эмбарго; be put under smth. the paper has been put under ban газета была запрещена14) be put (up)on smth. be put upon the stage быть поставленным на сцене; this opera was put on the air эта опера была поставлена на радио; an incident sufficiently interesting to merit being put on record этот случай вполне заслуживает того, чтобы его записать6. XVIput down (up, into, to, for, etc.) some place put down (up) the river двигаться /плыть/ вниз (вверх) по реке; put for home двигаться /направляться/ домой; the ship (the boat, etc.) put back to the shore (to harbour, to port, etc.) корабль и т.д. вернулся /повернул/ к берегу и т.д.; the ship put to Odessa судно шло в Одессу; the ship put out of Odessa судно отплыло из Одессы; the yacht put into Malta for stores (for repairs, etc.) яхта зашла на Мальту, чтобы пополнить [свои] запасы и т.д.; put to sea выйти в море; put to sea in one's yacht отправиться в морское путешествие на собственной яхте7. XVIII1) || put oneself in smb.'s place /position/ ставить себя на чье-л. место; put yourself in my place поставь себя на мое место2) put oneself over smb. coll. put oneself over an audience быть принятым публикой, добиться успеха /завоевать популярность/ у публики8. XXI11) put smth. (up)on (into, in, etc.) smth. put a letter on the table (one's hat on a chair, jewels in a safe, a book down upon the desk, the key in his pocket, a manuscript back in its place, one's clothes into the case, etc.) положить письмо на стол и т.д.; put a bottle on the table (a vase upon the mantlepiece, flowers in water, etc.) поставить бутылку на стол и т.д.; put a thing in its right place положить /поставить/ вещь на место; put a kettle on fire поставить чайник на огонь; put the dress in the cupboard повесить платье в шкаф; put a bandage on smb.'s knee накладывать повязку на колено; put one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку. кому-л. на плечо; put one's arms about smb.'s neck обнять кого-л. за шею, обвить чью-л. шею руками; put one's head on the pillow положить голову на подушку; he put an асе on my king он покрыл моего короля тузом; put smb. on (to) smth. put the baby on the bed положите ребенка на кровать; put a player [back] to his former position вернуть игрока на прежнее место2) put smb. in some place put smb. in the chair поставить /назначить/ кого-л. председателем; put smb. in the shade оттеснить кого-л. на второй /на задний/ план; put smb. over (under) smb., smth. they put over him a man six years younger than himself они поставили над ним человека на шесть лет моложе него; put a colonel over a division назначить полковника командиром дивизии; they put me under him меня поставили под его начало; put smb., smth. above (before, etc.) smb., smth. he puts Keats above Byron as a poet как поэта он ставит Китса выше Байрона; he puts honour before riches честь для него важнее богатства; put a critic high among other critics ценить /ставить/ данного критика выше всех других; put smth. (up)on smb., smth. put the blame (obligations, hopes, etc.) (up)on smb. возлагать вину и т.д. на кого-л.; he put the blame on me он свалил все на меня; the obligations he had put on us обязательства, которые он на нас возложил; put one's hopes (up)on their talks (oa his decision, on chance, etc.) возлагать надежды на их переговоры и т.д.; put smth. in smb., smth. put confidence /faith, trust/ in smb. верить /доверять/ кому-л.; he puts his faith in reason он верит в силу разума; put no faith in smb.'s assertions не верить чьим-л. утверждениям; put smth. to smth. he puts her failure to lack of experience (to her ignorance, to their refusal, etc.) он относит ее провал за счет неопытности и т.д.; put their conduct to custom объяснять их поведение обычаем; put their success to her credit поставить их успех ей в заслугу || put a wrong construction on smth. а) неправильно понимать или толковать что-л.; б) истолковывать что-л. в худшую сторону; put smb. in possession of smth. ввести кого-л. во владение чем-л.; put difficulties in smb.'s way ставить /чинить/ препятствия кому-л.; put smb., smth. in (to) smb.'s hands доверить кого-л., что-л. кому-л.; put the child in (to) their hands отдать ребенка в их руки; will you put the matter in (to) my hands? не поручите ли вы мне это дело?; put yourself in (to) my hands доверьтесь мне; put smb. in charge of smth. поручить кому-л. руководство чем-л., возложить на кого-л. ответственность за что-л.; put smb. under smb.'s care /under smb.'s charge/ поручить кого-л. чьим-л. заботам; 1 shall put myself under a doctor's care я обращусь к врачу и буду делать то, что он велит; put smth. at smb.'s service предоставить что-л. в чье-л. распоряжение3) put smth. in (to) (up, down, etc.) smth. puta letter in (to) an envelope (some money in one's purse, a coin into her pocket, a stick of chewing-gum into her mouth, jewels into a box, papers in the drawer, garbage down a chute, etc.) положить письмо в конверт и т.д.; put a key in a lock (a candle into a candlestick, etc.) вставить ключ в замок и т.д.; he put his hands in (to) his pockets он засунул руки в карманы; put those things in a handbag положите все эти вещи в сумочку; put a letter in a mailbox (a halfpenny into a slot, etc.) опустить /бросить/ письмо в [почтовый] ящик и т.д.; I put a coin in a slot-machine я опустил монету в автомат; put some water in a jug налить воды в кувшин; put sugar in (to) [one's] tea класть сахар в чай; put milk in (to) one's tea наливать /добавлять/ молока себе в чай; put poison in smth. подмешать яду во что-л.; put smth. up the chimney засунуть что-л. в печную трубу; put eau-de-Cologne upon a handkerchief надушите [носовой] платок одеколоном; put seeds into ground засеять поле; put a spoke in smb.'s wheel ставить кому-л. палки в колеса; put smth. into (through) smb., smth. put d knife into smb. зарезать кого-л.; put a bullet through smb. застрелить кого-л.; put a bullet (a knife, etc.) through a wall вогнать пулю и т.д. в стену; put a bullet through one's head пустить себе пулю в лоб, застрелиться; put one's fist through a pane of glass /through a window/ разбить кулаком окно || put one's pen (pencil) through a word (through a line, through a paragraph, etc.) вычеркнуть /вымарать/ слово и т.д.; put smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in a spare room in a hostel поместить /поселить/ кого-л. в свободной комнате общежития; put smb. in prison /into jail/ отправить /заключить/ кого-л. в тюрьму; put smb. in hospital (into a madhouse, etc.) поместить кого-л. в больницу и т.д.; I will put you on the bus я вас [провожу и] посажу на автобус; put smth., smb. out of smth. put one's head out of the window высунуться из окна; put disorderly people out of a meeting вывести /удалять/ хулиганов с собрания4) put smth., smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in /on/ the list включить кого-л. в список; put these books in the catalogue включите эти книги в каталог; put a child in a special school отдать ребенка в специальную школу; put an ad in a paper поместить объявление в газете; put all his pieces for children (all his poems together, etc.) in one volume соберите /включите/ все его пьесы для детей и т.д. в один [отдельный] том; put fresh troops into the field вводить в бой свежие войска; put smth. under smth. put a field under wheat засеять поле пшеницей5) put smth. in (to) smth. put [one's] money (capital, etc.) in (to) a bank (in business, into land, into property, In an undertaking, into a company, into real estate, etc.) вкладывать [свои] деньги и т.д. в банк и т.д.; put one's savings into securities превращать /вкладывать/ свои сбережения в ценные бумаги; put much work into this display (many weeks into this work, many hours in this paper, etc.) вложить много труда в эту выставку и т.д.; I put much time into this design я затратил много времени, чтобы создать этот узор; put words into smb.'s mouth вложить слова в чьи-л. уста; put a word or two into smb.'s ear [about smth.] шепнуть кому-л. пару слов [о чем-л.]; put new ideas into smb.'s head внушить кому-л. новые идеи; good actors know how to put emotion into their spoken words хорошие /настоящие/ актеры умеют выразить чувства словами; you must put more nerve into your part вы должны играть эту роль более темпераментно; put smth. on smb., smth. put all one's money (a dollar, etc.) on a horse (on the favourite) ставить все свои деньги на лошадь (на фаворита); put a bet on the game делать ставку в азартной игре; put smth. into smb. put new life into a person вселять новую надежду /жизнь/ в человека; put smth., smb. out of smth. put the idea (a thing, this man, etc.) out of one's head /out of one's mind/ выбросить эту мысль и т.д. из головы; put it out of sight уберите это с глаз долой6) put smth. to (on) smth. put a new handle to a knife приделать новую рукоятку /ручку/ к ножу; I am afraid you forgot to put a stamp on your letter боюсь, что вы забыли наклеить марку на свое письмо; will you please put a patch on these trousers положите, пожалуйста, заплату на эти брюки, залатайте, пожалуйста, эти брюки; put the roof on the house покрыть дом крышей; put smth. in some piece put a cross at the bottom (one's signature on top, etc.) поставить крест внизу и т.д.7) put smth. oner (ой) smth., smb. put gold (silver, etc.) [leaf] over smth. покрывать что-л. золотом и т.д.; put a ring on a finger (a dress on a mannequin,. two socks on one foot, a coat on her shoulders, a new suit on him, etc.) надеть кольцо на палец и т.д.; put a net over a lion набросить на льва сеть; put a saddle on a horse оседлать лошадь; put smb. into smth. put a child into a sailor suit одеть ребенка в матросский костюмчик /в матроску/8) put smth. to (against) smth. put a glass to one's lips /one's lips to one's glass/ (a handkerchief to one's nose, a light to a fire, a match to a cigarette, etc.) поднести стакан к губам и т.д.; put one's hand to one's head приложить руку ко лбу; put one's eye to a telescope (to opera-glasses, to a spyglass, to a keyhole, etc.) посмотреть в телескоп и т.д.; he put a flower against her hair он приложил цветок к ее волосам; put one's lips to smb.'s ear сказать что-л. на ухо/шепнуть что-л./ кому-л. || put smb. in touch with smb., smth. связать кого-л. с кем-л., чем-л.; I'll try to put you in touch with them попробую связать вас с ними9) put smth. in (to) smth. put a plan in action проводить в жизнь план; put a plan in execution приводить план в исполнение; put a law in force /into operation/ вводить закон в действие; put a reform into effect провести реформу; put an order into effect выполнять приказ; put a principle into practice осуществлять какой-л. принцип; put one's knowledge to practical use применять свои знания на практике; put the money to a good use хорошо /разумно/ использовать деньги; put smth. in evidence выставлять /предъявлять/ что-л. как свидетельство; put smb. to smth. put smb. to work определять кого-л. на работу; put smb. to business приставить кого-л. к делу; put smb. to a trade отдать /определить/ кого-л. в учение; he put me to work at once он сразу же дал /поручил/ мне работу10) put smb. into (in, to, out of, on) some state put smb. into a rage привести кого-л. в ярость; put smb. into a fright напугать/перепугать/ кого-л.; put smb. in fear of his life заставить кого-л. дрожать за свою жизнь; put smb. into a state of anxiety разволновать кого-л., привести кого-л. в волнение; put smb. into a flutter привести кого-л. в нервное состояние, взбудоражить кого-л.; put smb. in doubt вызвать у кого-л. сомнение; put smb. to shame пристыдить кого-л.; put smb. to the blush заставить кого-л. покраснеть; put smb. in a good humour привести кого-л. в хорошее настроение /в хорошее расположение духа/; he always manages to put me in the wrong ему всегда удается показать, что я неправ; put smb. into a state of hypnosis загипнотизировать кого-л.; put smb. to bed уложить кого-л. спать; put smb. to sleep a) навевать сон кому-л.; by singing she put the baby back to sleep ребенок снова заснул под ее песенку; б) усыпить /убить/ кого-л.; we had to put the old dog to sleep нам пришлось усыпить старого пса; the doctor put the patient to bed for six weeks врач уложил больного в постель /прописал больному постельный режим/ на шесть недель; put smb. on diet посадить кого-л. на диету; put the patient on a milk diet прописать /назначить/ больному молочную диету; put smb. out of temper вывести кого-л. из себя; put smb. out of patience вывести кого-л. из терпения; put smb. out of humour испортить кому-л. настроение; put smb. out of suspense успокоить кого-л.; put smb. out of countenance привести кого-л. в замешательство, смутить кого-л.; put the poor man out of misery избавить несчастного [человека] от страданий; put smb. out of employment лишать кого-л. работы; put smb. out of business разорить кого-л.; put smth. in (into, out of) some state put one's room (one's dress, one's affairs, the house, etc.) in order привести свою комнату и т.д. в порядок; put manuscripts in order for publication подготовить рукописи к изданию; I want to put my report into shape я хочу привести в порядок /отредактировать/ свой доклад; put figures into the form of diagrams представить /дать/ цифры в форме диаграмм; put data into tabular form привести данные в табличной форме; put names in alphabetical order расположить фамилии в алфавитном порядке; put the piano in tune настроить рояль; put a country in a state of defence подготовить страну к обороне; put a machine out of order /out of gear/ сломать машину; put a bus out of service снять автобус с линии; put a warship out of action вывести военный корабль из боя || put smb. in mind of smth., smb. напоминать кому-л. что-л., кого-л.; this put me in mind of my youth (of his promise, of her sister, etc.) это напомнило мне мою юность и т.д.; put smth., smb. on its, on one's legs again снова поставить что-л., кого-л. на ноги; he tried to put the firm on its legs again он попробовал вдохнуть в фирму новую жизнь11) put smb. to smth. put smb. to inconvenience причинять кому-л. неудобство; I am putting you to a good deal of trouble я доставляю /причиняю/ вам массу хлопот; you have put me to great /heavy/ expense вы ввели меня в большие расходы; put smb. to torture пытать кого-л., подвергать кого-л. пыткам; put smb. to trial возбуждать против кого-л. дело в суде; предать кого-л. суду; put smb. to death казнить кого-л.; put smth. to smth., smb. put an end /a stop/ (a check, etc.) to smth. положить конец чему-л., прекратить что-л.; the news put an end to our hopes это известие лишило нас надежды; put an end to smb. покончить с кем-л., ликвидировать кого-л.; put an end to oneself /to one's life/ покончить жизнь самоубийством; put an end to a practice прекратить практику; put smb. in smth. put smb. in an unpleasant position /in a fix, in a hole/ поставить кого-л. в неприятное или затруднительное положение; put smb., smth. through (on, to, etc.) smth. put them through a course of English обязать их прослушать курс английского языка /пройти подготовку по английскому языку/; put smb. through an ordeal подвергать кого-л. тяжелому испытанию; put smb. through a severe /stiff/ cross-examination устроить кому-л. суровый перекрестный допрос; put smb. through it coll. задать кому-л. жару; put goods on (in) the market /to sale, into circulation/ выпустить товар в продажу; he put the car through some tests он несколько раз проверял /испытывал/ машину; put smb., smth. to the test подвергать кого-л., что-л. испытанию; проверять кого-л., что-л. || put smth. to the vote ставить вопрос на голосование; put a motion (a proposal, a matter, a resolution, a decision, etc.) to the vote ставить предложение и т.д. на голосование; put the painting on exhibition выставить картину для обозрения; put smb. under arrest арестовать кого-л.; put pressure on smth., smb. оказывать давление на что-л., кого-л.; they put it over us coll. они нас провели, они обвели нас вокруг пальца12) put smb., smth. to (in, into) smth. put the enemy (an army, the gang, thieves, etc.) to flight обратить неприятеля и т.д. в бегство; put an engine in motion /into operation/ включить мотор; put a piece of mechanism in motion /into operation/ приводить в движение механизм; put new cars into service ввести в эксплуатацию новые машины; put smth. into production (into circulation, etc.) пускать что-л. в производство и т.д.13) put smb. on smth. put smb. on his mettle заставить кого-л. проявить себя с лучшей стороны /проявить рвение/; your presence will put him on his best behaviour ваше присутствие заставит его проявить себя с лучшей стороны или вести себя самым лучшим образом; put smb. on his guard заставить кого-л. насторожиться; put smb. through smth. put a horse through his paces заставлять лошадь показать, что она умеет14) put smth., smb. (in)to (on, over, across, etc.) smth. put a ship /the rudder/ (in)to port /harbour/ направить корабль в порт; put a fleet to sea направить флот в море; put a satellite into orbit [around the earth] вывести спутник на околоземную орбиту; put a horse's head towards home повернуть /направить/ лошадь домой; put smb. on the right road a) показать кому-л. правильную дорогу; б) направить кого-л. на правильный путь; put smb. on the wrong scent направить кого-л. по ложному следу; put smb. across /over/ the river переправить кого-л. на другой берег [реки]15) put smth. at smth. put the distance at 5 miles считать, что расстояние равно пяти милям; they put the circulation at 60 000 они решили установить тираж в шестьдесят тысяч экземпляров; put the rent at a certain sum of money определять размер квартплаты; I put his income at t 6000 a year я думаю, что его годовой доход составляет шесть тысяч фунтов; he puts the time at about 11 он полагает, что сейчас около одиннадцати [часов]; I should put it at i 50 я бы оценил это в пятьдесят фунтов; I would put her age at not more than sixty я бы не дал ей больше шестидесяти лет || put a price on smth. назначать цену на что-л.; put a price on a painting назначить цену на картину; he put too high a price on the book он очень дорого запросил за книгу; put value on smth. ценить что-л.; I put high value on his friendship я очень высоко ценю его дружбу; what value do you put on his advice? как вы относитесь к его советам?16) put smth. on (in, etc.) smth. put one's proposals (one's ideas, one's thoughts, one's impressions, etc.) on paper излагать свои предложения и т.д. в письменной форме /в письменном виде, на бумаге/; put smth. in black and white написать что-л. черным по белому; he put his feelings (his ideas, his fancies, etc.) in (to) words он выразил свои чувства и т.д. словами; can you put that in simpler words? не можете ли вы сказать это попроще?; he wanted to go but couldn't put his wish into words он хотел уйти, но не знал, как сказать об этом; put a question in a clearer light сформулировать вопрос точнее /яснее/; let me put it in another way позвольте мне сказать об этом иначе;put smth. to /before/ smb. put it to him nicely скажите ему об этом деликатно /мягко/; you must your case before the commission вы должны свое дело изложить комиссии; when I put it to him he... a) когда я изложил ему это, он...; б) когда я предложил ему это, он...; put smth. in (to) smth. put smth. in (to) some language переводить что-л. на какой-л. язык; put a poem (a work, a novel, a story, a passage, etc.) into French (into German, into English, etc.) перевести стихотворение и т.д. на французский и т.д. язык; how would you put it in French (in Danish, in English, etc.)? как вы это скажете /как это будет/ по-французски и т.д. ?17) put smth. before (to) smth., smb. put a matter before a meeting (before a board, before the court, etc.) поставить вопрос на рассмотрение собрания и т.д.; put this case before a tribunal предложить суду рассмотреть этот вопрос; put a proposal before a committee внести предложение в комиссию; put one's grievances before the management изложить администрации свои претензии; I want to put my proposal before you я хочу, чтобы вы выслушали /обсудили, обдумали/ мое предложение; I shall put your suggestion to the board at the next meeting я сообщу о вашем предложении на следующем собрании правления; put smth. in (to) smth. put the questions in (to) writing пришлите или изложите вопросы в письменной форме18) put smth. to smb. put a question to smb. задать кому-л. вопрос; put a riddle to smb. загадать кому-л. загадку19) put smth. in (to, on, under, etc.) smth. put the amount in the receipt (in the expenditure, etc.) указать количество в квитанции и т.д.; put this sum to my account запишите эту сумму на мой счет; put words into blanks /into blank spaces/ заполните пропуски; put one's name /one's signature/ under a document (to a will, on the dotted line, etc.) подписывать документ и т.д., ставить свою подпись под документом и т.д.; put one's initials to a document diplom. парафировать документ; put one's seal to a document (to a will, etc.) поставить печать под документом и т.д.; put a mark /а tick/ against smb.'s name поставить галочку против чьей-л. фамилии; put macron over a vowel поставить знак долготы над гласной буквой; put markers on packages пометить тюки20) put smth. on smth., smb. put a tax (duties, customs, etc.) on these articles облагать такие предметы налогом и т.д.; put a tax on imports (on luxuries, on cigarettes, etc.) облагать ввозимые товары налогом и т.д.; put heavy dues on cattle обкладывать скот высоким налогом || put a veto on /to/ smth. наложить вето на /запретить/ что-л.; put these customs under taboo запретить эти обычаи21) put smth. on the stage put a play ("Othello", etc.) on the stage поставить какую-л. пьесу и т.д. на сцене22) put smb. to smb. put a cow to a bull /а bull to a cow/ agric. спаривать корову с быком9. XXII1) put smth. into doing smth. put energy into finishing a task приложить энергию /усилия/ к завершению работы2) put smb. to doing smth. put a boy to shoemaking определить /отдать/ мальчика в учение к сапожнику3) put smb. to doing smth. I put her to setting the table я заставил ее накрыть на стол10. XXVIII2 -
50 memory
ˈmemərɪ сущ.
1) память to speak from memory ≈ говорить по памяти to jog smb.'s memory ≈ всколыхнуть чью-л. память to lose one's memory ≈ потерять память The date has slipped my memory. ≈ Я забыл дату. powerful memory ≈ хорошая память good memory for names ≈ хорошая память на имена to the best of my memory ≈ насколько я помню if my memory serves me right, if my memory does not fail me ≈ если память мне не изменяет from memory ≈ по памяти in memory of ≈ в память( кого-л., чего-л.) to commit to memory ≈ вверять что-л. памяти to slip smb.'s memory ≈ выскальзывать из памяти infallible memory ≈ феноменальная память photographic memory ≈ фотографическая память, образная память, зрительная память logical memory ≈ смысловая память, логическая память long-term memory ≈ долговременная память retentive memory ≈ хорошая, цепкая память short memory ≈ короткая, плохая память short-term memory ≈ кратковременная память visual memory ≈ зрительная память lapse of memory ≈ огрехи памяти within living memory ≈ на памяти нынешнего поколения
2) воспоминание to blot out a memory ≈ стирать воспоминание to evoke, stir up a memory ≈ пробуждать воспоминание bitter memories ≈ горькие воспоминания dim, vague memories ≈ смутные воспоминания enduring memories ≈ неумирающие воспоминания fond memories ≈ нежные воспоминания haunting, poignant memories ≈ навязчивые воспоминания pleasant memories ≈ приятные воспоминания unpleasant memories ≈ неприятные воспоминания Syn: remembrance, recollection, reminiscence
3) тех. машинная память, запоминающее устройство, накопитель информации
4) тех. запись, регистрация память, способность запоминать - good * хорошая память (на что-л.) - I have a bad * for faces у меня плохая память на лица - short * короткая память - associative /content-adressable/ * (психологическое) ассоциативная память - * sketch эскиз, сделанный по памяти - * like a sieve память как решето, дырявая /девичья, куриная/ память - loss of * потеря памяти - from * по памяти, на память - to quote from * цитировать по памяти - to bear /to have, to keep/ in * помнить, запоминать, держать в памяти - to bring back /to call/ to * вспоминать, припоминать;
воскрешаться в памяти - to search /rack/ one's * (по) рыться в памяти - to come back to one's * прийти на память, вспомниться, воскреснуть в памяти - to commit to * заучивать наизусть, запоминать - to escape /to slip, to go out of, to fade from/ one's * забываться, ускользать /улетучиваться/ из (чьей-л.) памяти - it escapes my * я не помню этого - to jog smb's * помогать кому-л. припомнить;
напоминать кому-л.;
не дать кому-л. забыть - to refresh one's * освежить (свою) память - to refresh smb.'s * напомнить кому-л. (о чем-л.) - may I refresh /jog/ your *? разрешите вам напомнить? - to stick in one's * врезаться в память, запомниться, запечатлеться - to lose one's * лишиться памяти - if my * serves me well, if my * does not fail me если память мне не изменяет - to the best of my * насколько я помню - within smb.'s * на чьей-л. памяти - within living *, within the * of living на памяти живущих, на памяти нынешнего поколения воспоминание, память (о чем-л., о ком-л.) с незапамятных времен - childhood memories детские воспоминания, воспоминания детства - sweet /pleasant/ * приятное воспоминание - one of my earliest memories одно из моих самых ранних воспоминаний - in /to the/ * of smb., smth. в память о ком-л., чем-л. - to keep smb.'s * хранить память о ком-л. - to retain a clear * of smth. (со) хранить ясное воспоминание о чем-л. - to relive old memories заново пережить прошлое - I have a clear * of what happened я ясно помню, что случилось - the * of accident remained with him all his life он сохранил память об этой катастрофе на всю жизнь посмертная слава, репутация - of happy * счастливой памяти - sacred to the * of smb., smth. священной памяти кого-л., чего-л. - of famous * знаменитый, прославленный - of notorius * пресловутый, дурной славы - to leave a sad * behind оставить по себе недобрую память (компьютерное) машинная память, запоминающее устройство ЭВМ - external * внешняя память, внешнее запоминающее устройство - * allocation распределение памяти - * guard /protection/ защита памяти( специальное) память - * of generations (биология) механизм наследственности, память поколений (техническое) запись, регистрация acquire more ~ вчт. запрашивать дополнительную память add-in ~ вчт. дополнительная память address ~ вчт. адресуемая память addressed ~ вчт. адресуемая память adequate ~ вчт. достаточный объем памяти adressable ~ вчт. адресуемая память annex ~ вчт. буферная память associative ~ вчт. ассоциативная память auxiliary ~ вчт. внешняя память auxiliary ~ вчт. вспомогательная память auxiliary ~ вчт. вспомогательное запоминающее устройство available ~ вчт. имеющаяся свободная память bootstrap ~ вчт. память начальной загрузки bubble ~ вчт. память на цилиндрических магнитных доменах buffer ~ вчт. буферная память buffer ~ вчт. буферное запоминающее устройство bulk ~ вчт. память большого объема byte-organized ~ вчт. память с побайтовой организацией cache ~ вчт. быстродействующая буферная память большой емкости cache ~ вчт. кэш content-addressable ~ вчт. ассоциативная память core ~ вчт. память на магнитных сердечниках data addressed ~ вчт. ассоциативная память dynamic ~ вчт. динамическая память electrically alterable read-only ~ вчт. электрически программируемое ПЗУ erasable programmable read-only ~ вчт. стираемое программируемое ПЗУ expanded ~ вчт. расширенная память expansion ~ вчт. дополнительная память extended ~ вчт. расширенная память external ~ вчт. внешняя память fast ~ вчт. быстродействующее ЗУ fit in ~ вчт. умещаться в памяти global ~ вчт. глобальная память memory воспоминание;
he has left a sad memory behind он оставил по себе недобрую память high-capacity ~ вчт. ЗУ большой емкости high-density ~ вчт. ЗУ с высокой плотностью записи to the best of my ~ насколько я помню;
if my memory serves me right, if my memory does not fail me если память мне не изменяет to the best of my ~ насколько я помню;
if my memory serves me right, if my memory does not fail me если память мне не изменяет image ~ вчт. память изображения immediate access ~ вчт. быстродействующая память ~ память;
in memory (of smb., smth.) в память (кого-л., чего-л.) insufficient ~ вчт. недостаточный объем памяти intermediate ~ вчт. промежуточное ЗУ internal ~ вчт. собственная память keystroke ~ вчт. память клавиатуры main ~ вчт. оперативная память memory воспоминание;
he has left a sad memory behind он оставил по себе недобрую память ~ тех. запись, регистрация ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство ~ тех. машинная память, запоминающее устройство, накопитель информации ~ память;
in memory (of smb., smth.) в память (кого-л., чего-л.) ~ вчт. память microinstruction ~ вчт. память микрокоманд microprogram ~ вчт. память микропрограмм nonvolatile ~ вчт. энергонезависимая память page-interleaved ~ вчт. память с расслоением и страничным обменом phantom ~ вчт. фантомная память primary ~ вчт. первичная память random access ~ вчт. оперативная память random-access ~ вчт. оперативная память rapid ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с малым временем выборки rapid ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с произвольной выборкой rapid ~ вчт. память с быстрой выборкой rapid ~ вчт. память с малым временем выборки read-only ~ вчт. постоянное запоминающее устройство rule ~ вчт. память правил scratch-pad ~ вчт. сверхоперативная память screen ~ вчт. память содержимого экрана semiconductor ~ вчт. полупроводниковое запоминающее устройство shareable ~ вчт. совместно используемая память shared ~ вчт. совместно используемая память shared ~ comp. совместно используемая память stack ~ вчт. память магазинного типа staged ~ вчт. многоуровневая память to the best of my ~ насколько я помню;
if my memory serves me right, if my memory does not fail me если память мне не изменяет use up almost all of ~ вчт. использовать почти всю свободную память user ~ вчт. пользовательская память user-available ~ вчт. память доступная пользователю video ~ вчт. видеопамять virtual ~ вчт. виртуальная память volatile ~ вчт. запоминающее устройство с разрушением информации при выключении электропитания volatile ~ вчт. память с разрушением информации при выключении электропитания volatile ~ вчт. энергозависимая память volatile ~ вчт. энергозависимое запоминающее устройство women ~ вчт. сотканная память word-organized ~ вчт. память с пословной организацией write-once ~ вчт. память с однократной записью write-protected ~ вчт. память с защитой от записи -
51 level
1) уровень || устанавливать (регулировать) уровень3) энергетический уровень, уровень энергии4) степень5) градация10) нивелир || нивелировать11) уровень, ватерпас || устанавливать по уровню13) значение ( расчётного параметра)15) планировать, производить планировку ( грунта); разравнивать16) выравнивать(ся) ( о цвете)17) ровно ложиться ( о краске); растекаться с образованием ровной поверхности ( о краске или лаке)19) связь, радио громкость21) горизонтальный полёт || лететь горизонтально•to level off — 1. достигать равновесия; стабилизировать(ся) 2. выпрямлять ( кривую) 3. выравнивать ( положение воздушного судна) 4. приближаться к предельному значению 5. планировать; разравнивать 6. устанавливаться на постоянном уровне;to remain level — выдерживать горизонтальное положение;to reverse a level end-for-end — менять местами концы уровня;-
actuation level
-
addressing level
-
adit level
-
aerodrome level
-
air level
-
alert level
-
allowable level
-
ambient light level
-
ambient noise level
-
amplitude levels
-
amplitude-modulation noise level
-
approach noise level
-
ash level
-
atomic energy level
-
atomic level
-
audio-signal output level
-
average picture level
-
average sidelobe level
-
background level
-
background noise level
-
backlobe level
-
backup water level
-
band level
-
band-gap level
-
base level
-
basic impulse level
-
behavioral level
-
benchmark level
-
bin-filling level
-
binocular level
-
black level
-
blacker-than-black level
-
black-out level
-
bound level
-
breath sample level
-
bubble level
-
builder's level
-
bulk trap level
-
burden level
-
calibration level
-
carpenter's level
-
carrier level
-
carrier noise level
-
certificated noise level
-
charge level
-
charge-storage level
-
chroma level
-
circuit noise level
-
cleanliness level
-
cloud level
-
commanded speed level
-
concentration level
-
condemnation level
-
condensation level
-
confidence level
-
constraint level
-
contamination level
-
control program level
-
conversion level
-
corona level
-
cracking level
-
crosscut level
-
cross-product level
-
cruising level
-
crusher level
-
curb level
-
cutoff level
-
dam crest level
-
datum level
-
decision level
-
deep-lying level
-
deep level
-
defect level
-
derating level
-
device level
-
direct current level
-
direct sound level
-
donor level
-
doping level
-
downstream water level
-
drainage level
-
drawdown level
-
drive level
-
dumpy level
-
dust level
-
Egault level
-
electrical level of vacancy
-
electromagnetic interference level
-
energy level
-
engineer's level
-
equilibrium-xenon level
-
excitation level
-
exploration level
-
failure rate level
-
failure level
-
Fermi characteristic energy level
-
Fermi level
-
first-order level
-
flight level
-
float level
-
flood-control storage level
-
fluid level
-
foreplate level
-
formation level
-
foundation level
-
free energy level
-
freezing level
-
fuel irradiation level
-
geodetic level
-
geostrophic wind level
-
glass level
-
grade level
-
gray level
-
ground level
-
ground vibrational level
-
groundwater level
-
gyro level
-
half-tide level
-
hand level
-
haulage level
-
headwater level
-
heat-treated strength level
-
high injection level
-
highest water level
-
high-water level
-
hum level
-
illumination level
-
impounded water level
-
impulse insulation level
-
impurity level
-
injection level
-
input level
-
insulation level
-
integration level
-
intensity level
-
interference level
-
internal surge level
-
interrupt level
-
intrinsic level
-
invert level
-
inverted level
-
light level
-
line level
-
loadout level
-
local level
-
logical level
-
loudness level
-
lower level
-
low-pressure level
-
low-water level
-
luminance level
-
main level
-
manning level
-
mantle level
-
masking level
-
mason's level
-
mass activity cleanliness level
-
maximum controllable level
-
maximum flood level
-
maximum operating level
-
maximum rated sound-power level
-
maximum recording level
-
maximum water level
-
mean annoyance level
-
measurement level
-
mechanic's level
-
meniscus level
-
metal level
-
metastable level
-
mezzanine level
-
minimum drawdown level
-
mining level
-
multiplet level
-
nesting level
-
neutron level
-
no activity cleanliness level
-
noise equivalent level
-
noise level
-
normal level
-
normal maximum operating level
-
normal pool level
-
normaltopwater level
-
normalwater level
-
nose swab level
-
occupational level
-
occupied level
-
octane level
-
oil level
-
operating level
-
operational cleanliness level
-
output level
-
overload level
-
particulate level
-
peak level
-
peak recording level
-
peak signal level
-
peak white level
-
pedestal level
-
pendulum level
-
perceived noise level
-
permissible level
-
phonon level
-
plumb level
-
pollution level
-
power level
-
power monitoring level
-
power spectrum level
-
PPM level
-
precise level
-
predetermined level
-
pressure level
-
priority level
-
production level
-
protective level
-
pumping level
-
quantization level
-
quieting level
-
radiation level
-
reactor power level
-
received signal level
-
recording level
-
redundancy level
-
reference fare level
-
reference level
-
reliability level
-
resonance level
-
response level
-
reverberant sound level
-
river-bed level
-
safe-health level
-
saturation level
-
sea level
-
self-leveling level
-
sensation level
-
sidelobe level
-
siege level
-
significance level
-
slack level
-
slag level
-
snorkel level
-
solar flux level
-
sound pressure level
-
sound level
-
speech level
-
spirit level
-
stage level
-
staggered flight levels
-
standard isobaric level
-
static level
-
steady-state noise level
-
stress intensity level
-
striding level
-
summer oil level
-
surface level
-
susceptibility level
-
switching surge level
-
switching-surge protective level
-
sync level
-
tailwater level
-
target level of safety
-
testing level
-
thermal noise level
-
threshold level
-
tilting level
-
toxicity level
-
transition level
-
transmission level
-
trigger level
-
upper level
-
upstream level
-
user level
-
vacuum level
-
variable quantizing level
-
ventilation level
-
vibration level
-
voltage level
-
volume units level
-
water level
-
white level
-
winter oil level
-
working level
-
wye level
-
Y-level
-
zero level
-
zero transmission level -
52 operation
1) работа; функционирование2) матем. действие3) эксплуатация4) (технологическая) операция; процесс; цикл ( обработки)6) управление7) вчт. операция; команда8) предприятие•-
abnormal operation
-
acquisition operation
-
aerial operation
-
aerial survey operation
-
aerial work operation
-
aerobatics operation
-
aerospace operations
-
air-bumped-and-rinse operation
-
aircraft operations
-
air-lift well operation
-
airport facilities operation
-
alignment operation
-
all-weather operations
-
AND operation
-
approach operation
-
arithmetic operation
-
artificial-lift well operation
-
associated fire control operation
-
asynchronous operation
-
attached operation
-
attempted operation
-
attended operation
-
authorized operation
-
automated operation
-
automatic block operation
-
averaging operation
-
background operation
-
batch operation
-
bidirectional operation
-
bilevel operation
-
binary operation
-
bistable operation
-
bitwise operation
-
bit operation
-
blanking operation
-
blasting operation
-
blocking-off operation
-
bookkeeping operations
-
Boolean operation
-
both-way operation
-
brake test operation
-
braking operation
-
branch operation
-
breaking operation
-
bytewise operation
-
byte operation
-
cable operation
-
Carnot operation
-
carrier-recovery operation
-
cation-anion operation
-
caving operations
-
cavitation-free operation
-
centralized operation
-
channel operation
-
check operation
-
chipping-and-hauling operation
-
class A operation
-
class B operation
-
class C operation
-
climb to cruise operation
-
closing operation
-
CNC operation
-
cocurrent operation
-
coded operation
-
co-frequency operation
-
cold end operation
-
commercial operation
-
comparison operation
-
complete operation
-
concurrent operation
-
conjunction operation
-
continual harvesting operations
-
continuous operation
-
continuous-wave operation
-
control operation
-
counter-current operation
-
critical operation
-
cutting operation
-
cycle operation
-
declarative operation
-
decrement operation
-
demonstration operation
-
dependent manual operation
-
dependent power operation
-
diplex operation
-
disjunction operation
-
diversity operation
-
docked operation
-
docking operations
-
domestic operations
-
double-track operation
-
dredging operations
-
dressing operation
-
drifting operation
-
drilling and blasting operations
-
drilling operation
-
dual operation
-
dual-point operation
-
duplex operation
-
dyadic operation
-
emergency operation
-
engine run-up operation
-
en-route operation
-
except operation
-
exclusive OR operation
-
experimental operation
-
explosionproof operation
-
face operations
-
fail-safe operation
-
fail-soft operation
-
failure-free operation
-
false operation
-
fault tolerant operation
-
faulty operation
-
felling operation
-
ferry operation
-
field operation
-
final felling operations
-
finite reflux operation
-
fire control operation
-
fixed-cycle operation
-
fixed-point operation
-
flashing operation
-
floating-point operation
-
flowing well operation
-
foreground operation
-
forest harvesting operations
-
free-flier operation
-
free-flying operation
-
freight operation
-
fretting operation
-
fringe operation
-
full tree operations
-
full-duplex operation
-
gas-lift well operation
-
gate operation
-
general aviation operations
-
generic operation
-
get-home engine operation
-
half-duplex operation
-
hands-off operation
-
harvesting operations
-
hauling operation
-
helicopter logging operation
-
high-gain operation
-
high-speed operation
-
hot end operation
-
hot-stick operation
-
housekeeping operation
-
hydropacker plunger lift well operation
-
idling engine operation
-
IF-THEN operation
-
illegal operation
-
impeded harmonic operation
-
implication operation
-
in-channel operation
-
increment operation
-
independent manual operation
-
individual-point operation
-
indoor operation
-
infinite reflux operation
-
in-phase operation
-
input/output operation
-
instruction operation
-
instrument flight rules operation
-
integer operation
-
international operations
-
iterative operation
-
jump operation
-
kernel operation
-
kiln operation
-
lagging power factor operation
-
landing operation
-
large-scale space operations
-
large-signal operation
-
leading power factor operation
-
leveling operation
-
level-off operation
-
linear operation
-
lock-on operation
-
logging operations
-
logical operation
-
loop operation
-
low flying operation
-
low-effort operation
-
low-gain operation
-
lumbering operation
-
machine operation
-
machining operation
-
maintenance operation
-
manual operation
-
marginal operation
-
measuring operation
-
mechanical operation
-
mechanized logging operations
-
melting operation
-
mill operation
-
minimally-manned operation
-
minimal operation
-
model operation
-
monadic operation
-
monostable operation
-
move operation
-
multicarrier operation
-
multimode operation
-
multiple operation
-
multiple-stream operation
-
multiple-unit operation
-
multiplex operation
-
NAND operation
-
no operation
-
no-load operation
-
noncentralized operation
-
noncommercial operations
-
noncondensing operation
-
nonextraction operation
-
nonfailure operation
-
nonresiduum operation
-
nonscheduled operations
-
nonslagging operation
-
NOR operation
-
normal pump operation
-
NOT operation
-
NOT-AND operation
-
NOT-OR operation
-
off-design operation
-
off-line operation
-
one-shot operation
-
one-step operation
-
on-line operation
-
on-off operation
-
open-air operation
-
open-hearth operation
-
opening operation
-
OR operation
-
outdoor operation
-
overburden operations
-
packet-mode operation
-
packet-switching operation
-
parallel operation
-
partial reflux operation
-
passenger operations
-
peak load operation
-
pleasure operation
-
point operation
-
point-to-point operation
-
positioning operation
-
post-drill operation
-
post-fault operation
-
power patrol operation
-
power station operation
-
power system operation
-
practice operation
-
predrill operation
-
primitive operation
-
products pipeline operation
-
pull-in operation
-
pulse laser operation
-
pulsed operation
-
punched tape operation
-
push-pull operation
-
push-push operation
-
quadrature operation
-
quantizing operation
-
quarry operation
-
rafting operation
-
read operation
-
real-time operation
-
refusing operation
-
remote operation
-
rendezvous operations
-
repetitive operation
-
rescue operations
-
reservoir operation
-
retarder operation
-
rotorcraft operations
-
rough engine operation
-
run-of-river operation
-
scale operation
-
scheduled operation
-
search operation
-
self-contained and self-monitored operation
-
semifinish operation
-
sensory operation
-
settling operation
-
shift operation
-
shunting operation
-
signal operation
-
simplex operation
-
simultaneous operation
-
single-block operation
-
single-contact operation
-
single-mode operation
-
single-pulse operation
-
single-step operation
-
sinking operation
-
slag-free operation
-
slag-tap operation
-
slightly manned operation
-
small-signal operation
-
solo supervised operation
-
solo operation
-
speed range operation
-
spike operation
-
stable operation
-
staggered-parallel operation
-
standby operation
-
starting engine operation
-
start-stop operation
-
staying operation
-
steady operation
-
steaming operation
-
steelmaking operation
-
step-and-repeat operation
-
step-by-step operation
-
stitch transfer operation
-
stone-free operation
-
storage operation
-
straight gas-lift well operation
-
string operation
-
studio operation
-
stump wood operation
-
suppressed-carrier operation
-
switch operation
-
switching operation
-
synchronous operation
-
tap-change operation
-
taxing operation
-
terminal operation
-
test operation
-
thinning operations
-
threading operation
-
throttled engine operation
-
timber-harvesting operations
-
total reflux operation
-
touchdown operation
-
track-while-scan operation
-
training operation
-
transfer operation
-
transient operation
-
tree length operations
-
trial operation
-
trouble-free operation
-
turbine operation
-
two-shift operation
-
two-vessel operation
-
typical operation
-
unary operation
-
unattended operation
-
unauthorized operation
-
underground operation
-
undocked operation
-
undocking operations
-
uninterrupted operation
-
unmanned operation
-
unthrottled engine operation
-
variable-load operation
-
vertical rotorcraft operation
-
water-system operation
-
well operation
-
whole tree operations
-
wide-open throttle operation
-
word operation
-
working operation
-
write operation
-
yard operation
-
year-round operations -
53 level
1) уровень
2) ватерпас
3) ватерпасный
4) выверять по уровню
5) горизонтировать
6) заравнивать
7) нивелир
8) нивелировать
9) разравнивать
10) сувальдный
11) уровнь
12) уровнять
13) устанваливаться
14) ступень
15) горизонтальный
16) ровный
17) ровно
18) выравнивать
– above sea level
– acceptor level
– acidity level
– background level
– binocular level
– black level
– blacker-than-black level
– blanking level
– block level
– capture level
– carpenter's level
– charging level
– clamp level
– cloud level
– confidence level
– cross-talk level
– cut-off level
– datum level
– deep-lying level
– donor level
– draw level
– drawdown level
– dummy level
– empty level
– energy level
– excitation level
– excited level
– Fermi level
– fill level
– filled level
– flux level
– frame level
– grizzly level
– ground level
– hand level
– high-water level
– hum level
– hunting for a level
– hydrogenic level
– illumination level
– injection level
– insulation level
– integration level
– intensity level
– intermediate level
– inversion level
– ionization level
– ionized level
– level airplane
– level amplifier
– level balance
– level blocking
– level bubble
– level checker
– level circuit
– level control
– level crosscut
– level crossing
– level curve
– level datum
– level detector
– level flight
– level gauge
– level ground
– level inverter
– level line
– level lock
– level logic
– level monitoring
– level multiple
– level net
– level of confidence
– level of hierarchy
– level of low waters
– level pillar
– level shaft
– level shears
– level shift
– level splints
– level splitting
– level square
– level surface
– level the plane
– level vial
– limiting level
– loudness level
– low water level
– low-lying level
– low-water level
– main level
– mean sea level
– noise level
– occupied level
– occupy level
– on a level with
– output level
– overload level
– oxidation level
– pond level
– power level
– precise level
– pumping level
– quantization level
– quantum level
– radiation level
– recording level
– reduce to sea level
– reduction to sea level
– redundancy level
– reference level
– regulator of level
– reside at level
– rotational level
– sea level
– sea level pressure
– set up a level
– significance level
– sound level
– spare level
– spirit level
– striding level
– threshold level
– tilt a level
– tilting level
– top up level
– top up the level
– transmission level
– volume level
– Wannier-Stark level
– when level
– white level
– working level
– zero level
automatic level gage — автур, уровнемер автоматический
coded at the machine-language level — <comput.> над машинными кодами
high water level — <geol.> горизонт высоких вод
line of precise level — <geod.> линия точного нивелирования
population of rotational level — заполненность вращательных уровней
sound level meter — измеритель силы звука, < radio> импульсмессер
suspended level viscometer — вискозиметр с подвешенным уровнем
-
54 operation
1) робота; функціонування 2) операція; дія 3) режим (роботи) (див. т-ж mode) - avalanche operation
- batch operation
- bipolar operation
- cassette-to-cassette operation
- concurrent реripheral operation
- continuous-wave operation
- depletion-mode operation
- enhancement-mode operation
- fault-free operation
- hands-off operation
- high-level signal operation
- high-speed operation
- input/output operation
- large-signal operation
- lift-off patterning operation
- logical operation
- low-level signal operation
- manual operation
- manual off-line operation
- memory operation
- pulsed operation
- read-out operation
- semiautomated operation
- small-signal operation
- step-and-repeat operation
- storage operation
- write operationEnglish-Ukrainian dictionary of microelectronics > operation
-
55 disk
1) диск (1. тонкая круглая пластин(к)а 2. объект в форме диска 3. круглая поверхность 4. дисковый носитель информации, аудио- или видеозаписей 5. дисковое запоминающее устройство) || дисковый2) грампластинка, проф. диск•- acetate disk
- accretion disk
- Airy disk
- antispark disk
- aperture disk
- audio disk
- backup disk
- Bernoulli disk
- Bernoulli removable disk
- binary code disk
- Bitter disk
- Blue-ray disk
- boot disk
- bootable disk
- bridge disk - cellulose-nitrate disk
- cleaning disk
- Clik! disk
- coding disk
- compact disk
- constant linear velocity disk
- constant rotational velocity disk
- constant tangential velocity disk
- Corbino disk
- coupling disk
- current disk
- diagnostic disk - digital video disk
- discrete four-channel disk
- dongle disk
- double-faced disk
- double-layer disk
- double-sided disk
- double-sided floppy disk
- double-sided/double-density disk
- double-sided/double-density floppy disk
- double-sided/extended-density disk
- double-sided/extended-density floppy disk
- double-sided/high-density disk
- double-sided/high-density floppy disk
- double-sided/quad-density disk
- double-sided/quad-density floppy disk
- double-sided/single-density disk
- double-sided/single-density floppy disk
- dry-type cleaning disk
- DS/DD disk
- DS/DD floppy disk
- DS/ED disk
- DS/ED floppy disk
- DS/HD disk
- DS/HD floppy disk
- DS/QD disk
- DS/QD floppy disk
- DS/SD disk
- DS/SD floppy disk
- dual-actuator hard disk
- electronic disk - exchangeable disk
- external hard disk
- ferritine disk
- fixed disk
- fixed-head disk
- flexible disk
- floppy disk
- floptical disk - hard disk
- hard disk type 47
- hard-sectored disk
- hot-pressed disk
- idle disk
- internal hard disk
- interrupter disk
- Jaz disk
- key disk
- lacquer disk
- laminated disk
- laser disk
- laser-read disk
- lens disk
- liquid-type cleaning disk
- loading disk
- logical disk
- long-play disk
- magnetic disk
- magnetooptical disk
- mass-reproduced disk
- master disk
- mechanical digital disk
- mechanical recording disk
- microfloppy disk
- microgroove disk
- milk disk
- mini disk
- mixed-mode disk
- M-O disk
- mono disk
- network disk
- Nipkow disk
- non-system disk
- one-off disk
- optical disk
- original wax disk
- PCM audio disk
- phantom disk
- phase change disk - preformatted disk
- pressed disk
- quadraphonic disk
- radiation disk
- RAM disk
- Rayleigh disk
- recording disk
- removable disk - rigid disk
- scanning disk
- scratch disk
- SCSI disk
- SCSI hard disk
- shared disk
- sine-cosine encoding disk
- single disk
- single-faced disk
- single-groove stereo-quadraphonic disk - single-sided floppy disk
- single-sided/single-density disk
- single-sided/single-density floppy disk
- slave disk
- soft-sectored disk
- solid disk
- source disk
- SS/SD disk
- SS/SD floppy disk
- startup disk
- stereo disk
- stroboscopic disk - SyDOS removable disk
- SyQuest disk
- SyQuest removable disk
- system disk
- target disk
- Teldec video disk
- test disk
- two-channel disk
- unformatted disk
- user defined hard disk
- vacancy disk
- video disk - video home disk
- video magnetic disk - Vise-11 format disk
- Vis-O-Pac disk
- Winchester disk
- Zip disk -
56 level
1) уровеньб) ранг; позиция; категория; иерархическое положениев) амплитуда; интенсивность; относительное значениег) нивелир; ватерпас2) регулировать уровень; устанавливать уровень (напр. освещённости)3) приводить к одинаковому уровню; выравнивать; сглаживать; устранять отличия; нивелировать4) громкость || регулировать громкость5) ранжировать; определять позицию; относить к (определённой) категории; устанавливать степень субординации в иерархии6) горизонтальная линия или плоскость; ровная поверхность, плоская поверхность || устанавливать в горизонтальной плоскости; выравнивать; нивелировать; устанавливать по уровню или ватерпасу7) степень (напр. интеграции)10) рлк нацеливать; наводить; прицеливаться•- level of interactivity
- level within factor - acceptor level
- acceptor impurity level
- accuracy level
- activity level
- adaptation level
- algorithmic level
- allowed level
- allowed energy level
- alpha level
- alpha-geometric level
- alphamosaic level
- ambient level
- amplitude-modulation noise level
- atomic energy level
- audio-signal output level
- average picture level
- background level
- back-lobe level
- band-gap level
- band-power level
- band-pressure level
- base level
- behavioral level
- bit level
- black level
- blacker-than-black level
- blanking level
- brightness level
- bus interface level
- call-tone level
- carrier level
- carrier-noise level
- charged trapping level
- charge-storage level
- chorus level
- chromatic level
- circuit noise level
- clamp level
- clearance level
- clipping level
- common level
- compatibility level
- composite picture signal output level
- concentration level
- confidence level
- contamination level
- conventional significance level
- cross-product level - cutoff level
- data-flow level
- datagram level
- data service level
- deep level
- deep-lying level
- defect level - digital signal level
- discrete level
- discrete energy level
- donor level
- donor impurity level
- doping level
- DS level
- effective privilege level
- electric level
- electronic Zeeman level
- energy level
- entry level
- equivalent loudness level
- equivalent peak level
- exchange level
- exchange-split level
- excitation level
- exciton level
- extra level
- facsimile-signal level
- Fermi level
- Fermi characteristic energy level - floating level
- FM noise level
- foreground level
- free energy level
- function level
- functional level
- gate level
- gray level
- ground level
- ground state level
- HFS level
- high level
- higher bias level
- high logic level
- hum level
- hyperfine-structure level
- impedance level
- implementation level
- impurity level
- impurity energy level
- injection level
- input level - intensity level
- interchange level
- intermediate level
- intermediate energy level
- intrinsic level
- inversion level
- inverted level
- ISO 9660 implementation level
- ISO 9660 interchange level
- jet stream level
- jumbo cell level
- layout level
- light level
- line level
- local level
- logic level
- logical device level
- loudness level
- lower level
- lower energy level
- lowest level
- lowest energy level
- low-field level
- low logic level
- luminescent level
- mask level
- maximum record level
- maximum relative side-lobe level
- metastable level
- multiplet level
- neutral level
- noise level
- occupied energy level
- octave-band pressure level
- operate level of echo suppressor
- orbital energy level
- overload level
- partially filled level
- partially occupied level
- peak signal level
- peak sound-pressure level
- pedestal level
- perceived noise level
- perturbed level
- perturbed energy level
- phonon level
- power level
- power spectrum level
- precedence level
- pressure spectrum level
- price level
- printthrough level
- probability level
- program level
- pumping level
- quantization level
- quantizing level
- quasi-Fermi level
- recording level
- redundancy level
- reference level
- reference black level
- reference white level
- register transfer level
- relative co-polar side-lobe level
- relative cross-polar side-lobe level
- reorder level
- requested privilege level
- resistivity level
- resonance level
- risk level
- rotational level
- rotational energy level
- saturation level
- sensation level
- shallow impurity level
- side-lobe level
- signal level
- significance level
- singlet level
- soil level
- sound level
- sound-energy flux density level
- sound-power level
- sound-pressure level
- specific sound-energy flux level
- speech level
- strong-field level
- surface level
- switching level
- sync level
- synchronizing level
- system level
- television level
- testing level
- test's significance level
- threshold level
- through level
- timing level
- tolerable noise level
- transducer overload level
- transmission level
- trapping level
- trigger level
- triplet level
- true level
- turntable spirit level
- unaffected level
- unfilled level
- unfilled energy level
- unoccupied level
- unoccupied energy level
- upper level
- upper energy level
- usable levels
- vacant energy level
- vacuum level
- variable quantizing level
- variation level
- velocity level
- vibrational level
- vibrational energy level
- virtual level
- virtual energy level
- voltage level
- weighted noise level
- white level
- Zeeman energy level
- zero level -
57 operation
1) работа; функционирование; действие || работающий; функционирующий; действующий3) вчт операция || операционный4) срабатывание (напр. реле)5) управление; оперативное вмешательство || управляющий; оперативный6) эксплуатация || эксплуатационный7) pl выполнение операций•- amplitude-modulation/single-side-band operation
- AND operation
- anti-identity operation
- antisymmetry operation
- arithmetic operation
- asynchronous operation
- atomic operation
- attended operation
- auxiliary operation
- average calculating operation
- axial-mode operation
- back-to-back operation
- big bang operation
- bilevel operation
- binary operation
- bistable operation
- bitwise operation
- block operation
- Boolean operation
- break-in operation
- broadband operation
- clamping operation
- class A-operation
- class AB operation
- class B-operation
- class C-operation
- cleaning operation
- closing operation
- co-channel operation
- co-frequency operation
- coherent-pulse operation
- color-killer operation
- color-switching operation
- compare operation
- complementary operation
- computer operations
- continuous operation
- continuous-wave operation
- crystal operation
- cw operation
- data transfer operations
- decision-directed operation
- depressed collector operation
- destructive operation
- dial-up operation
- diplex operation
- diversity operation
- drawing operation
- duplex operation
- dyadic operation
- EITHER-OR operation
- electromagnetic operation
- end-to-end operation
- excise operation
- exclusive NOR operation
- exclusive OR operation
- forming operation
- full-duplex operation
- gate operation
- global operation
- group operation
- half-duplex operation
- high-gain operation
- high-level signal operation
- identity operation
- inclusive NOR operation
- inclusive OR operation
- INHIBIT operation
- integer operation
- invalid operation
- jump operation
- large-signal operation
- limiting operation
- linear operation
- logical operation
- low-gain operation
- low-level signal operation
- MAC operation
- magnetostatic operation
- maintenance operation
- manual operation
- mathematical operation
- modified semistatic operation
- monadic operation
- monostable operation
- multicarrier operation
- multijob operation
- multimode operation
- multiple job operation
- multiplex operation
- multiply/accumulate operation
- NAND operation
- NEITHER-NOR operation
- no-operation
- nonattended operation
- NOR operation
- NOT operation
- off-frequency operation
- one-pass operation
- one-way reversible operation
- opening operation
- OR operation
- parallel operation
- programmable remote operation
- pull-in operation
- pulse operation
- push-pull operation
- push-pull-push operation
- push-push operation
- Q-switched operation
- quadrature operation
- quasi-continuous operation
- register operation
- SCL operation
- self-Q-switched operation
- semistatic operation
- sequential staircase operation
- serial operation
- shared-frequency operation
- simplex operation
- simultaneous staircase operation
- single-mode operation
- small-signal operation
- soldering operation
- space-charge-limited operation
- space symmetry operation
- space-time symmetry operation
- spike operation
- store-and-forward operation
- string operation
- stripping operation
- suppressed-carrier operation
- symmetry operation
- synchronous operation
- tandem operation
- task switch operation
- translation operation
- transmitted-carrier operation
- TRAPATT operation
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time operation
- tse operation
- unary operation
- unattended operation
- unit operation
- variable-cycle operation
- XOR operation
- π-mode operation -
58 disk
1) диск (1. тонкая круглая пластин(к)а 2. объект в форме диска 3. круглая поверхность 4. дисковый носитель информации, аудио- или видеозаписей 5. дисковое запоминающее устройство) || дисковый2) грампластинка, проф. диск•- acetate disk
- Airy disk
- antispark disk
- aperture disk
- audio disk
- backup disk
- Bernoulli disk
- Bernoulli removable disk
- binary code disk
- Bitter disk
- Blue-ray disk
- boot disk
- bootable disk
- bridge disk
- capacitance electronic disk
- cartridge disk
- cellulose-nitrate disk
- cleaning disk
- Clik! disk
- coding disk
- compact disk
- constant linear velocity disk
- constant rotational velocity disk
- constant tangential velocity disk
- Corbino disk
- coupling disk
- current disk
- diagnostic disk
- digital audio disk
- digital versatile disk
- digital video disk
- discrete four-channel disk
- disk of sun
- dongle disk
- double-faced disk
- double-layer disk
- double-sided disk
- double-sided floppy disk
- double-sided/double-density disk
- double-sided/double-density floppy disk
- double-sided/extended-density disk
- double-sided/extended-density floppy disk
- double-sided/high-density disk
- double-sided/high-density floppy disk
- double-sided/quad-density disk
- double-sided/quad-density floppy disk
- double-sided/single-density disk
- double-sided/single-density floppy disk
- dry-type cleaning disk
- DS/DD disk
- DS/DD floppy disk
- DS/ED disk
- DS/ED floppy disk
- DS/HD disk
- DS/HD floppy disk
- DS/QD disk
- DS/QD floppy disk
- DS/SD disk
- DS/SD floppy disk
- dual-actuator hard disk
- electronic disk
- erasable digital audio disk
- erasable optical disk
- exchangeable disk
- external hard disk
- ferritine disk
- fixed disk
- fixed-head disk
- flexible disk
- floppy disk
- floptical disk
- fluorescent multilayer disk
- formatted disk
- hard disk type 47
- hard disk
- hard-sectored disk
- hot-pressed disk
- idle disk
- internal hard disk
- interrupter disk
- Jaz disk
- key disk
- lacquer disk
- laminated disk
- laser disk
- laser-read disk
- lens disk
- liquid-type cleaning disk
- loading disk
- logical disk
- long-play disk
- magnetic disk
- magnetooptical disk
- mass-reproduced disk
- master disk
- mechanical digital disk
- mechanical recording disk
- microfloppy disk
- microgroove disk
- milk disk
- mini disk
- mixed-mode disk
- M-O disk
- mono disk
- network disk
- Nipkow disk
- non-system disk
- one-off disk
- optical disk
- original wax disk
- PCM audio disk
- phantom disk
- phase change disk
- phase change disk/compact disk
- physical disk
- preformatted disk
- pressed disk
- quadraphonic disk
- radiation disk
- RAM disk
- Rayleigh disk
- recording disk
- removable disk
- rewritable optical disk
- RIAA standard test disk
- rigid disk
- scanning disk
- scratch disk
- SCSI disk
- SCSI hard disk
- shared disk
- sine-cosine encoding disk
- single disk
- single-faced disk
- single-groove stereo-quadraphonic disk
- single-layer digital versatile disk
- single-sided digital versatile disk
- single-sided disk
- single-sided floppy disk
- single-sided/single-density disk
- single-sided/single-density floppy disk
- slave disk
- soft-sectored disk
- solid disk
- source disk
- SS/SD disk
- SS/SD floppy disk
- startup disk
- stereo disk
- stroboscopic disk
- super-density compact disk
- SyDOS disk
- SyDOS removable disk
- SyQuest disk
- SyQuest removable disk
- system disk
- target disk
- Teldec video disk
- test disk
- two-channel disk
- unformatted disk
- user defined hard disk
- vacancy disk
- video compact disk
- video disk
- video head disk
- video home disk
- video magnetic disk
- virtual disk
- Vise-11 disk
- Vise-11 format disk
- Vis-O-Pac disk
- Winchester disk
- Zip diskThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > disk
-
59 level
1) уровеньб) ранг; позиция; категория; иерархическое положениев) амплитуда; интенсивность; относительное значениег) нивелир; ватерпас2) регулировать уровень; устанавливать уровень (напр. освещённости)3) приводить к одинаковому уровню; выравнивать; сглаживать; устранять отличия; нивелировать4) громкость || регулировать громкость5) ранжировать; определять позицию; относить к (определённой) категории; устанавливать степень субординации в иерархии6) горизонтальная линия или плоскость; ровная поверхность, плоская поверхность || устанавливать в горизонтальной плоскости; выравнивать; нивелировать; устанавливать по уровню или ватерпасу7) степень (напр. интеграции)10) рлк. нацеливать; наводить; прицеливаться•- acceptable reliability level
- acceptor impurity level
- acceptor level
- accuracy level
- activity level
- adaptation level
- algorithmic level
- allowed energy level
- allowed level
- alpha level
- alpha-geometric level
- alphamosaic level
- ambient level
- amplitude-modulation noise level
- atomic energy level
- audio-signal output level
- average picture level
- background level
- back-lobe level
- band-gap level
- band-power level
- band-pressure level
- base level
- behavioral level
- bit level
- black level
- blacker-than-black level
- blanking level
- brightness level
- bus interface level
- call-tone level
- carrier level
- carrier-noise level
- charged trapping level
- charge-storage level
- chorus level
- chromatic level
- circuit noise level
- clamp level
- clearance level
- clipping level
- common level
- compatibility level
- composite picture signal output level
- concentration level
- confidence level
- contamination level
- conventional significance level
- cross-product level
- C-scale sound level in decibels
- current privilege level
- cutoff level
- data service level
- data-flow level
- datagram level
- deep level
- deep-lying level
- defect level
- descriptor privilege level
- device level
- digital signal level
- discrete energy level
- discrete level
- donor impurity level
- donor level
- doping level
- DS level
- effective privilege level
- electric level
- electronic Zeeman level
- energy level
- entry level
- equivalent loudness level
- equivalent peak level
- exchange level
- exchange-split level
- excitation level
- exciton level
- extra level
- facsimile-signal level
- Fermi characteristic energy level
- Fermi level
- FIDO/opus/Seadog standard interface level
- filled energy level
- floating level
- FM noise level
- foreground level
- free energy level
- function level
- functional level
- gate level
- gray level
- ground level
- ground state level
- HFS level
- high level
- high logic level
- higher bias level
- hum level
- hyperfine-structure level
- impedance level
- implementation level
- impurity energy level
- impurity level
- injection level
- input level
- input/output privilege level
- integration level
- intensity level
- interchange level
- intermediate energy level
- intermediate level
- intrinsic level
- inversion level
- inverted level
- ISO 9660 implementation level
- ISO 9660 interchange level
- jet stream level
- jumbo cell level
- layout level
- level of details
- level of integration
- level of interactivity
- level within factor
- light level
- line level
- local level
- logic level
- logical device level
- loudness level
- low logic level
- lower energy level
- lower level
- lowest energy level
- lowest level
- low-field level
- luminescent level
- mask level
- maximum record level
- maximum relative side-lobe level
- metastable level
- multiplet level
- neutral level
- noise level
- occupied energy level
- octave-band pressure level
- operate level of echo suppressor
- orbital energy level
- overload level
- partially filled level
- partially occupied level
- peak signal level
- peak sound-pressure level
- pedestal level
- perceived noise level
- perturbed energy level
- perturbed level
- phonon level
- power level
- power spectrum level
- precedence level
- pressure spectrum level
- price level
- printthrough level
- probability level
- program level
- pumping level
- quantization level
- quantizing level
- quasi-Fermi level
- recording level
- redundancy level
- reference black level
- reference level
- reference white level
- register transfer level
- relative co-polar side-lobe level
- relative cross-polar side-lobe level
- reorder level
- requested privilege level
- resistivity level
- resonance level
- risk level
- rotational energy level
- rotational level
- saturation level
- sensation level
- shallow impurity level
- side-lobe level
- signal level
- significance level
- singlet level
- soil level
- sound level
- sound-energy flux density level
- sound-power level
- sound-pressure level
- specific sound-energy flux level
- speech level
- strong-field level
- surface level
- switching level
- sync level
- synchronizing level
- system level
- television level
- testing level
- test's significance level
- threshold level
- through level
- timing level
- tolerable noise level
- transducer overload level
- transmission level
- trapping level
- trigger level
- triplet level
- true level
- turntable spirit level
- unaffected level
- unfilled energy level
- unfilled level
- unoccupied energy level
- unoccupied level
- upper energy level
- upper level
- usable levels
- vacant energy level
- vacuum level
- variable quantizing level
- variation level
- velocity level
- vibrational energy level
- vibrational level
- virtual energy level
- virtual level
- voltage level
- weighted noise level
- white level
- Zeeman energy level
- zero levelThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > level
-
60 operation
1) работа; функционирование; действие || работающий; функционирующий; действующий3) вчт. операция || операционный4) срабатывание (напр. реле)5) управление; оперативное вмешательство || управляющий; оперативный6) эксплуатация || эксплуатационный7) pl. выполнение операций•- alignment operation
- amplitude-modulation/single-side-band operation
- AND operation
- anti-identity operation
- antisymmetry operation
- arithmetic operation
- asynchronous operation
- atomic operation
- attended operation
- auxiliary operation
- average calculating operation
- axial-mode operation
- back-to-back operation
- big bang operation
- bilevel operation
- binary operation
- bistable operation
- bitwise operation
- block operation
- Boolean operation
- break-in operation
- broadband operation
- clamping operation
- class A operation
- class AB operation
- class B operation
- class C operation
- cleaning operation
- closing operation
- co-channel operation
- co-frequency operation
- coherent-pulse operation
- color-killer operation
- color-switching operation
- compare operation
- complementary operation
- computer operations
- continuous operation
- continuous-wave operation
- crystal operation
- cw operation
- data transfer operations
- decision-directed operation
- depressed collector operation
- destructive operation
- dial-up operation
- diplex operation
- diversity operation
- drawing operation
- duplex operation
- dyadic operation
- EITHER-OR operation
- electromagnetic operation
- end-to-end operation
- excise operation
- exclusive NOR operation
- exclusive OR operation
- forming operation
- full-duplex operation
- gate operation
- global operation
- group operation
- half-duplex operation
- high-gain operation
- high-level signal operation
- identity operation
- inclusive NOR operation
- inclusive OR operation
- INHIBIT operation
- integer operation
- invalid operation
- jump operation
- large-signal operation
- limiting operation
- linear operation
- logical operation
- low-gain operation
- low-level signal operation
- MAC operation
- magnetostatic operation
- maintenance operation
- manual operation
- mathematical operation
- modified semistatic operation
- monadic operation
- monostable operation
- multicarrier operation
- multijob operation
- multimode operation
- multiple job operation
- multiplex operation
- multiply/accumulate operation
- NAND operation
- NEITHER-NOR operation
- nonattended operation
- no-operation
- NOR operation
- NOT operation
- off-frequency operation
- one-pass operation
- one-way reversible operation
- opening operation
- OR operation
- parallel operation
- programmable remote operation
- pull-in operation
- pulse operation
- push-pull operation
- push-pull-push operation
- push-push operation
- Q-switched operation
- quadrature operation
- quasi-continuous operation
- register operation
- SCL operation
- self-Q-switched operation
- semistatic operation
- sequential staircase operation
- serial operation
- shared-frequency operation
- simplex operation
- simultaneous staircase operation
- single-mode operation
- small-signal operation
- soldering operation
- space symmetry operation
- space-charge-limited operation
- space-time symmetry operation
- spike operation
- store-and-forward operation
- string operation
- stripping operation
- suppressed-carrier operation
- symmetry operation
- synchronous operation
- tandem operation
- task switch operation
- translation operation
- transmitted-carrier operation
- TRAPATT operation
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time operation
- tse operation
- unary operation
- unattended operation
- unit operation
- variable-cycle operation
- XOR operationThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > operation
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