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61 θρόνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `throne, seat', also `chair of state, judge's seat'.Dialectal forms: Myc. tono, toronowokoCompounds: Compp., e. g. χρυσό-θρονος `with golden throne' (Il.)Derivatives: Diminutives θρονίς f. (Them.), θρόνιον (EM, Ptol.); further θρονίτης (cod. - τις) πρώτιστος H. (cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 24); θρονιτικός `throne-like' (Sidyma); denomin. verb θρονίζομαι `be placed on the throne' (LXX) with θρονιστής `enthroner' (liter. pap.), θρονισμός `enthronisation' (D. Chr.); also θρόνωσις `id.' (Pl. Euthd. 277d; as Rite of the Corybantes) as if from *θρονόομαι; cf. Chantraine Formation 279; on the facts v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 187.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like κλ-όνος (from κέλομαι(?); cf. also χρόνος and Κρόνος), from a verb `hold, support, bear', seen e. g. in Skt. perf. dā̆dhā́ra (would be Gr. *τέ-θορ-α), in the athem. root aor. dhr̥-thās (2. sg.), perhaps also in ἐν-θρ-εῖν φυλάσσειν H. (s. θρησκεύω); θρόνος would then be prop. "supporter, bearer". Greek relatives are: θόρναξ ὑποποδιον. Κύπριοι. η ἱερὸν Άπόλλωνος ἐν τῃ̃ Λακωνικῃ̃ H., prob. for *θρόναξ through metathesis and so directly derived from θρόνος. Forms with θρᾱ- are too far away: θρή-σασθαι with θρᾶ-νος (s. v.), θρῆ-νυς; θρά̄-σκω with θρησκεύω (s. v.); there is no indication that they have enything to do with θρόνος. - Representatives in other languages, e. g. Lat. ferē, frētus, firmus, Skt. caus. dhāráyati, dhárma- `right, custom', dháraṇa- `holding', give nothing new for Greek. More forms Pok. 252f., W.-Hofmann s. firmus, ferē, Mayrhofer s. dhāráyati. - However, Greek has no forms in - ον-ος, only - ων, - ων-ος and - ων, - ον-ος (Chantr. Form. 159ff); there is no certain instance of IE - ον-ος (as opposed to roots with o-vocalism, like βρόμ-ος); on the other hand most Greek words in - ον-ος are suspected to be of Pre-Greek origin; also there is no word for `chair' derived from the root * dher- (Pok. 252f, nor is there any Greek substantive which is certainly derived from this root (Pok. 252). So we can be rather certain that this word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,686-687Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρόνος
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62 θρύον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `reed, rush' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in θρυο-πώλης `seller of r.' (pap.).Derivatives: θρυόεις `rich in reeds' (Nic.), f. Θρυόεσσα place on the Alpheios (Λ 711; Leumann Hom. Wörter 301), also called Θρύον (Β 592; cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 85); θρυώδης `id.' (Str.); θρύϊνος `of reeds', θρυϊ̃τις `grown with r.' (γῆ, pap.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 118). From θρυάλλις or from the diminutive θρυαλλίδιον (Luc.) as backformation θρύαλλον n. `shower of smuts ?' (Vett. Val. 345, 22). - Fur. 135 adduces θρύσιος EM 456, 31 and θρύσις sch. Il. 21, 351. - On θρυαλλίς s.v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: For the form one compares βρύον, but further unclear. After Sommer Lautstud. 60f. from IE * trusom to OCS trьstь f. `reed, cane', Lith. tr(i)ušìs `id.', "sachlich völlig befriedigend (unbegründete Bedenken bei WP. 1, 762), aber lautlich und morphologisch sehr fraglich" (Frisk). - The variants with - σ- (Fur. above) point to a Pre-Greek word, and this is what we would expect of such a word.Page in Frisk: 1,688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρύον
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63 θύμβρᾱ
θύμβρᾱGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a sweet-scented plant, savory, `Satureia Thymbra' (Com., Thphr., Dsc.),Other forms: also θύμβρον (Thphr.) and θυμβραία (Hp. ap. Gal.; after other plant names in - αία). Trough metathesis (or adaptation to θρύ-πτω?) θρύμβη (Gp.).Derivatives: θυμβρώδης `θ.-like' (Thphr.), θυμβρίτης οἶνος `with θ. spiced wine' (Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Connected with θύμον, θύμος `thyme', but hardly directly derived from it (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 149); the β could be epenthetic between μ and ρ. An ρ-derivation from τύφω with nasalisation and deaspiration (Persson Stud. 56 n. 4 ;) is most improbable: there is no nasalization in Greek (except in Pre-Greek) and there was no deaspiration after nasal ( ἀμφί); the proposal is rejected by DELG - Further Slavic plant names are mentioned like Russ. dubrávka `Potentilla erecta'; "alles ganz hypothetisch oder unwahrscheinlich (dubrávka wohl von dubráva `Laubwald, Park')" Frisk. Niedermann Glotta 19, 14 recalls an Anatolian GN like Θύμβρη, Θύμβριον, and on the other side Τυφρηστός (southern spur of the Pindos, called after θύμβρα?). - It is clearly a non-(IE-)Greek plant-name, prob. Pre-Greek. The Anatolian place name could stem from a related language. Note also the metathesized form. The ending - αια is remarkable.Page in Frisk: 1,692Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύμβρᾱ
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64 θύμον
Grammatical information: n.,Meaning: `thyme' (IA)Other forms: rarely - ος m.Compounds: As 1. member in θυμ-ελαία f. name of a plant, perh. `Daphne Cnidium' (Dsc., Plin.; cf. on ἐλαία) with - αΐτης ( οἶνος) `wine spiced with th.' (Dsc.; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96); θυμ-οξ-άλμη f. `drink from thyme, vinegar and brine' (Dsc.).Derivatives: θύμιον = σμῖλαξ, also `large wart' (Hp., Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 97), θυμίτης `spiced with th.' (Ar., Dsc.; Redard 93 und 96), θύμινον ( μέλι) `from th.' (Colum., Apul.), θυμόεις `rich in th.' (Choeril.), θυμώδης `th.-like' (Thphr.). Denomin. verb θυμίζω `taste th.' (sp. medic.), θυμιχθείς πικρανθείς H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Primary μο-deriv. from 2. θύω `smoke' (s. v.), because of the scent? (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27); to my mind doubtful. A local plant name, so prob. Pre-Greek. - On θύμαλλος fish name s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,693Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύμον
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65 θύννος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `tunny-fish' (Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 62, A. Pers. 424, Arist.). Fem. *θύννᾰ or *-η, gen. - ης with - ίς, - άς (Com.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θυννο-σκόπος `watch for tunnies' (Arist.), - έω (Ar.) with - ία, - εῖον (Str.). -Derivatives: θύννᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. (Com.; affective formation, Björck Alpha impurum 62); θυννίτης `tunny-fisher' (inscr. Varna; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 39), θύννειος, θυνναῖος `of tunny' (Ar.), θυννώδης `tunny-like' (Luc.), θυννεῖα pl. n. `tunny-fishing' (Troizen), θυννευτικός `belonging to tunny-fishing' (Luc.; as from *θυννεύω, cf. also ἁλιευτικός a. o.); denomin. verbs θυννάζω `catch tunny' (Ar.), also - ίζω (Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mediterranean word, often compared with Hebr. tannīn `big water-animal, whale, shark'; Lewy Fremdw.; "qui est loin à tous égards" comments DELG 14f. See Strömberg Fischnamen 126f., Thompson Fishes s. v., also on folketymologies ( θύω, θύνω). Lat. LW [loanword] thynnus, thunnus, from where the roman. forms. - The fem. in short -α rather points to Pre-Greek (s. Bq.)Page in Frisk: 1,694Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύννος
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66 θύος
Grammatical information: n.Dialectal forms: Myc. tu-we-a `aromatic productsCompounds: As 1. member in θυο-σκόος (s. v.), θυο-δόκος `accepting burnt offerings' (E.), θυη-πόλος `making sacrifice, priest(ess)' (A., E.), with - έω, - ία ( θυη- after the plur.?; cf. also Schwyzer 438f.).Derivatives: θυόεις, θυήεις (s. above and Schwyzer 527) `rich in incense etc., fragrant' (Il.; θυῶεν εὑῶδες H.); θυώματα pl. `incense, spices' (Ion.), lengthened from θύος (cf. Chantraine Formation 187) rather than from a denomin. *θυόομαι, - όω, though this supposed by the ptc. τεθυωμένος `with odour' (Ι 172 u. a.), to which also θυωθέν (Hedyl. ap. Ath. 11, 486b); θυΐσκη (LXX, J.; v. l. - ος), also θύσκη, - ος (pap., Suid., EM) f. `censer (container for incense)' (after καδίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Formation 406); θυΐτης ( λίθος) m. name of an Ethiopian stone (Dsc., Gal.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55). -Etymology: Primary deriv. from 2. θύω, s. v. - From there Lat. LW [loanword] tūs, tūris n. `(frank)incense'; s. W.-Hofmann s. v. - On θυέστης, θυεία s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,694-695Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύος
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67 θύρσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the thyrsos-wand', wreathe with ivy and vine-leaves with a pine-cone at the top (E.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θυρσο-φόρος, ἄ-θυρσος (E.).Derivatives: Diminut. θυρσίον (Hero), θυρσάριον (Plu.); plant name θύρσιον (Ps.-Dsc.), θύρσις (Cyran.), θυρσ-ίνη and - ίτης (Dsc., s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50; the last also name of a stone, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); θυρσίων name of a dolphinlike fish (Ath., Plin.; s. W.-Hofmann s. tursiō). Denomin.: θυρσάζω `flourish the th.' (Ar. Lys. 1313; Lacon. ptc. θυρσαδδωᾶν = - αζουσῶν), θυρσόω `use as th.' (D. S.). - Here also θυρξεύς surn. of Apollon in Achaia (Paus. 7, 21, 13)?; s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 77.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.Etymology: Loan from Anatolia, cf. Hier. Luw. tuwarsa- `vine' (Laroche BSL 51 p. XXXIIIf., Forbes Glotta 36, 271f.). S. Heubeck, Praegraeca 80.Page in Frisk: 1,697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύρσος
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68 θυωρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `offer-table,`ἱερὰ τράπεζα' (Pherekyd. Syr., Call.),Other forms: also θυωρίς f. (Poll.).Derivatives: θυωρίτης τραπεζίτης H., metaph. Lyc. 93 (cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 40); θυωρία `offerfeast, meal' (Didyma), θυωρεῖσθαι εὑωχεῖσθαι H.Etymology: From *θυο-Ϝωρός (cf. θυωρόν τράπεζαν την τὰ θύη φυλάσσουσαν H.), Güntert Götter und Geister 120, s. also θυρωρός (but θυο- is difficult). Through association with θεός, θεωρία etc. arose the notations θεωρίς, θεωρία (Poll., Didyma, Rom.empire). - Diff. Kalén Quaest. gramm. graecae 11f.: θυω- \> θεω- phonetically conditioned; θυωρός \< *θυ-ᾱϜορος to ἀείρω (cf. μετέωρος a. o.)[improbable]. (Not from *θυε-ωρος, with impossible form *θυε-, DELG.)Page in Frisk: 1,699Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θυωρός
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69 θώραξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `cuirass' (Il.), `trunk, chest' (Hp.).Dialectal forms: Myc. to-ra-ke n.pl.Derivatives: θωρακεῖον (A., inscr.), θωράκιον (Plb.) `breastwork, parapet'; θωρηκτής `soldier with cuirass' (Il.; on the formation Trümpy [s. below] Redard Les noms grecs en - της 14, 232 n. 8), θωρακίτης `id.' (Plb.); θωρακικός `belonging to the trunk' (Aët.), θωρακαῖος `with cuirass (?)' (Delos IIa). Denomin. verbs: 1. θωρήσσομαι, -ω `put on a cuirass, armour yourself' (Il.), also metaph. `strengthen onseself (with wine, οἴνῳ, etc.)' (Hp., Thgn.) with θώρηξις `drinking to intoxication' (medic.). 2. θωρακίζω `armour' (Th., X.) with θωρακισμός (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical word without etymology, probably a loan. Earlier as inherited connected with Skt. dhāraka- `container' (cf. on θρᾶνος, θρόνος), but also as LW [loanword] compared with Lat. lōrīca. The meaning `trunk etc.' is prob. as medical term secondary against `cuirass, armour'. - Ample treatment by Trümpy Fachausdrücke 10ff. Also Hester, Lingua 13 (1965) 354. - Most prob. a Pre-Greek word; Fur. 302 n. 35 points to a v.l. θύραξ, which would prove Pre-Greek origin (Fur. gives more examples of ω\/υ; I think that Pre-Gr. u often was rendered by ω, as it did not have a phoneme ω, nor ο); the suffix -ᾱκ- is very frequent in Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,700Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θώραξ
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70 ἴδιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `own, private' (Od.).Other forms: Dor. Ϝίδιος, Arg. hίδιοςCompounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἰδιο-γενής `of one's own kind' (Pl. Plt. 265e; opposite κοινο-γενής), hell..Derivatives: 1. ἰδιώτης m. `private, layman, uneducated man' (IA; on the formation Chantr. Form. 311, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 28) with f. ἰδιῶτις (hell.); from it ἰδιωτικός `belonging to an ἰδιώτης, common, ordinary, vulgar, vile, uneducated' (IA; Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 120 a. 123) and ἰδιωτεύω `act, live on one's own, without respect, be uneducated' with ἰδιωτεία `private life, uneducatedness' (Att.); also ἰδιωτίζω `pronounce in a special way' (Eust.). 2. ἰδιότης, - ητος f. `own character, pecularity' (Pl., X.). 3. ἰδικός = ἴδιος (late). 4. ἰδιόομαι `make one's own, appropriate' (Pl.) with ἰδίωμα `own character, pecularity' (hell.), ἰδίωσις `isolation, appropriation' (Pl., Plu.). 5. ἰδιάζω `be peculiar, live on one's own' (Arist.) with ἰδιαστής, ἰδιασμός (late).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * s(e)ue- refl. pron.Etymology: Arg. Ϝhεδιεστας = ἰδιώτης (cf. κηδεσ-τής, El. τελεσ-τα) shows for ἴδιος an orig.. *Ϝhεδιος, from the reflexive Ϝhε = ἕ (IE *su̯e) (Schwyzer 226; on ε \> ι 256). Diff., also possible, Schulze KZ 40, 417 n. 6 = Kl. Schr. 74 n. 2, Brugmann IF 16, 491ff., Fraenkel Ling. Posn. 4, 104: to Skt. ví `separate'; Arg. hίδιος then after ἑαυτοῦ etc., ἕκαστος [but vi- is not represented elsewhere in Greek]. - (Not with Specht KZ 68, 47, Ursprung 197 m. n. 2 from *su̯i-dio-.)Page in Frisk: 1,709Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴδιος
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71 ἱέρᾱξ
ἱέρᾱξGrammatical information: m.Compounds: Rarely in compp., e. g. ἱερακο-βοσκός `falconer' (pap.).Derivatives: Dimin. ἱερακίσκος (Ar.); ἱερακίδιον, - άδιον `statuette of a hawk' (Delos IIa; on the meaning Chantraine Formation 70), ἱερακεῖον `hawk-temple' (pap. IIa), ἱερακιδεύς `young hawk' (Eust.; like ἀετ-ιδεύς a. o.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 78f.); ἱερακάριος `falconer' ( Cod. Cat. Astr.); ἱερακίτης name of a stone, from the colour (Plin., Gal.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), ἱεράκιον, also - ία, - ιάς, - ῖτις plant-name, `hawk-weed, Hieracium' (Ps.-Dsc.; on the unclear motivation Strömberg Pflanzennamen 118). - ἱεράκ-ειος, - ώδης `hawk-like' (late).Etymology: Though ἴρηξ in Hom. shows no digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 156), the H.-glosse βείρακες ἱέρακες (with βειράκη ἡ ἁρπακτική) shows an orig. *Ϝῑρᾱξ with -ᾱκ- as in several animals names. One starts from an adj. (noun) *Ϝῑρος, perh. related to (Ϝ)ίεμαι (Ebel KZ 4, 164f.). The sec. Form ἱέραξ from folketymology after ἱερός. - Solmsen Unt. 148f., Bechtel Lex. s. ἴρηξ; more in Bq. - Possible but uncertain; the suffix -ᾱκ- could point to Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 1,712Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱέρᾱξ
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72 ἴκτερος
Grammatical information: m., often pl.Derivatives: ἰκτερικός, ἰκτερώδης `jaundiced, regarding jaundice' (medic.), also ἰκτεριώδης `id.' (Hp., Dsc.; after ἰκτεριάω) and ἰκτερόεις `id.' (Nic.; Schwyzer 527); ἰκτερῖτις f. `rosmarin' (Ps.-Dsc.; used as remedy; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72, Strömberg Wortstudien 29), - ίτης `id.' ( Gloss.); ἰκτερίας name of a yellow stone (Plin.; like καπνίας a. o., Chantr. Form. 94). Denomin. ἰκτερόομαι (Hp., Gal.), ἰκτεριάω (M. Ant., S. E.; formation Schwyzer 732) `have jaundice'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Formation as ὕδερος, χολέρα (Schwyzer 481, Chantr. Form. 228), further unknown. The connection with ἴκτις, ἰκτῖνος (Prellwitz BB 30, 176, Wb. 195; because of the colour) is taken up again by Grošelj Živa Ant. 6, 236f. assuming a colour-root ἰκ- `yellow, green' (with also ἰκμαλέον χλωρόν, ὑγρόν H. [?]). Wrong old attempts in Bq (also Walleser WuS 14, 165 u. 173). Fur. 321 thinks the group - κτ- points to Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,719Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴκτερος
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73 ἴον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `violet' (Hom., Thphr.).Compounds: Determin. comp. λευκό-ϊον = ἴον λευκόν `stock-gillyflower' (Thphr.; Risch IF. 59, 257); often as 1. member, e. g. ἰο-ειδής `violet-coloured' ( πόντος; Il.), ἰο-στέφανος `violet-crowned', Athen (h. Hom. 6, 18, Pi., Thgn.), ἰό-κολπος `with violet bossom' (Sapph.; vgl. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 171), ἰο-δνεφής, s. δνόφος; on ἰάνθινος s. v. Wrong Bénaky REGr. 28, 16ff.: ἴον in ἰο-ειδής etc. IIp referring to the colour.Derivatives: ἰόεις `violet-coloured' = `dark-blue' ( σίδηρος Ψ 850, θάλασσα Nic.); ἰωνιά `violet-bed', also plant-name (Thphr.), after ῥοδων-ιά, θημων-ιά (Scheller Oxytonierung 70f.); ἰοντῖτις f. plant-name = ἀριστολόχεια (Dsc.; after κληματῖτις?, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Medit.Etymology: H. γία (= Ϝία) ἄνθη and the epic metrics confirm the connection with Lat. viola; both prob. come from a Mediterranean language, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴον
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74 ἰπνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `furnace', also `kitchen' and `lantern' (IA),Dialectal forms: Myc. i-po-no;Derivatives: Diminut. ἰπνίον (medic.); ἰπνών (Delos IIIa), ἰπνιών (Gortyn) `kitchen'; ἰπνίτης ( ἄρτος) `in an oven baked bread' (Hp.; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89); ἴπνιος `belonging to an oven', ἴπνια τὰ καθάρματα τοῦ ἰπνοῦ H. (Call. Fr. 216); ἰπνεύω `bake in an oven' (H.; hιπνε[ύεσθαι] IG 12, 4, 15) with ἰπνευτής furnarius ( Gloss.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: With ἰπνός, perh. from *ἱπνός (cf. Ἔφ-ιπνος and hιπνε[ύεσθαι] IG 12, 4, 15, which is not quite certain, agrees except for the anlaut a synonymous Westgerm. word, OE ofen, OHG ovan ` Ofen', also ONo. ofn, PGerm. * ofna- \< *úfna-. But these words cannot be combined. Also the forms with velar: Goth. auhns, OSwed. oghn, PGerm. * oχna-, * oʒna- \< *úχna-, *uʒná-. Nor is there any possibility to connect Skt. ukhá- m., ukhā́ f. `pot, cooking-pot' (or Lat. aulla `pot'). Cf. Pok. 88. Other proposal by B. Vine, UCLA IE Studies I (1999) 5-30.Page in Frisk: 1,732-733Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰπνός
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75 καλαμίνθη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: name of `a good-smelling plant' (Hp., Ar., Arist.)Derivatives: - καλαμινθίνη `id.' (medic.; after ῥητίνη etc., Chantraine Formation 204), καλαμινθίτης ( οἶνος; Dsc., Redard Les noms grecs en - της 97), καλαμινθώδης `full of κ.' (Str., Apollon. Lex.). Καλαμίνθιος name of a frog (Batr. 224).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. The formal agreement with κάλαμος, and μίνθη does not give a conclusion. Not convincing is an original *καλαμο-μίνθη with dissimilation (G. Meyer Gr.3 393) Also hypothetical remain both a derivation καλάμ-ινθος (Schwyzer 526) as the assumption of a foreign word with popular adaptation to κάλαμος (and μίνθη). Cf. Chantraine Formation 370. Anyhow, a Pre-Greek word is most probable.Page in Frisk: 1,760Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλαμίνθη
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76 κάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `reed', often metaph. of objects made of reed, `flute of reed, fishing rod, writing teed' etc. (h. Merc. 47 [cf. Zumbach Neuerungen 5], Pi., IA.); on the botanical meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 100f.Compounds: Several compp., esp. in the botan. terminology (Strömberg Theophrastea 112), z. B. μονο-κάλαμος `with single stalk' (Thphr.), καλαμη-φόρος `with reed' (X. HG 2, 1, 2; v. l. -o-; cf. Schwyzer 526), καλαμη-τόμος `cutting off stalks' (A. R.).Derivatives: καλάμη f. `stalk or straw' (Hom., Hdt., X., Arist.).- Diminut. καλαμίσκος (Ar., medic.), καλάμιον (pap.); καλαμίς f. name of several objects made of reed (hell.; cf. Chantraine Formation 342f.); καλαμία (- εία) `reed' (pap.; collective); καλαμών `id.' (lit. pap.); καλαμάριον `reed-case' (pap.). - καλαμεύς `fisher' (Pankrat. ap. Ath.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 75); also καλαμευτής `id.' (AP; as if from *καλαμεύω, cf. Chantraine 318); καλαμίτης `with κάλαμος etc.' (D.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 81f.). - καλάμινος `made of reed' (IA.), καλαμόεις `of reed' (E. in lyr.), καλαμώδης `full of reed, reed-like' (Arist., Thphr.), καλαμικός `id.' (pap.). - καλαμόω `provide with reed, bind (a bone) with reed' (Gal.) with καλαμωτή `fence of r.' (Eust.,H.); καλαμίζω `blow a reed-flute' (Ath.). - From καλάμη: καλαμαία f. kind of grasshopper (Theoc. 10, 18), καλαμαῖον n. kind of cicade (Paus. Gr., H.) cf. Gil Emerita 25, 315f.; cf. Georgacas Glotta 31, 216), καλαμάομαι `collect grain-stalks, gather ears (of corn) ' (Kratin., LXX, Plu.) with καλάμημα (Thd.).Etymology: Old word for `reed, straw' wit forms in Latin ( culmus), in Germanic, e. g. OHG halm, in Baltic and Slavic, e. g. OPr. salme `straw', Latv. salms, Russ. solóma, Serb. slȁma. All forms except κάλαμος, - μη can go back to IE. *ḱolh₂mo-, ḱolh₂mā-; therefore κάλαμος has been explained from *κόλαμος (cf. ποταμός, πλόκ-αμος), through assimilation; but note on - μος, - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 283f. But the form may have been * klh₂-em-. - From κάλαμος Lat. calamus (s. Ernout-Meillet) like Skt. kaláma- `writing reed', and Arab. qalam \> Osman. kalém \> NGr. καλέμι (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11). - More forms in W.-Hofmann s. culmus, calamus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. solóma, Pok. 612.Page in Frisk: 1,760-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλαμος
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77 κάμῑνος
κάμῑνοςGrammatical information: f. (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2; -η pap. VIp)Derivatives: (all rare, most late): Diminutive καμίνιον (Gp., Olymp. Alch.). Other subst.: καμινὼ γρηῦς `furnace-woman' (σ 27; Chantraine Formation 116); καμινεύς name of a artisan working at a furnace, e.g. `smith' or `potter' (D. S.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 76); καμινίων `id.' (Tegea IIp); καμινίτης ἄρτος (Philistion ap. Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89). Adj.: καμίνιος `belonging to the furnace' (Thphr.); καμιναῖος `id.' (Ezek.) with καμιναία = κάμινος (LXX; cf. Chantraine 86); καμινώδης `furnace-like' (Str.). Verb καμινεύω `burn, smelt in a furnace' (Arist., Thphr., Str.) with καμινευτής = καμινεύς (Pap. IIIa, Luk.), καμινευτήρ ( αὑλός) `pair of ballows in a smithy' (AP), f. - εύτρια (Aristarch.), καμινεία (- ία) `burning, smelting' (Thphr., Gal.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical loan of unknown origin (on the formation Schwyzer 491, Chantraine 205). The comparison with καμάρα (Prellwitz, Bq.) has little sense; that with OCS kamy `stone' (Hirt Ablaut 137, Falk-Torp Wb. s. kamin) is possible (Geramb WuS 9, 28); is the loan from the north or the east? (WP. 1, 349, Pok. 525). - From κάμινος Lat. camīnus with MHG kamin etc. (W.-Hofmann s. v.; s. also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kómin). - -ῑν- is a Pre=Greek suffix.Page in Frisk: 1,772Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμῑνος
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78 κάνθαρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `kind of (dung-)beetle, Scarabaeus pilularius', also metaph. of a drinking cup, a kanoo, a fish (Strömberg Fischnamen 123f.), a woman's ornament (IA.)Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἡλιο-, κυκνο-κάνθαρος (Com.)Derivatives: κανθάριον name of a beaker (Att. inscr., Plu.); κανθαρίς a beetle, also name of a fish and a plant (Hp., Arist.); κανθάρεως name of a vine (Thphr.; - εως as in ἐρινεώς; s. on ἐρινεός), κανθαρίτης οἶνος (Plin.), both of the Κανθάριος ἄκρα on Samos (Str.), (also called Ἄμπελος, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 97); κανθαρίας name of a precious stone (Plin.); κανθαρώδης `κ.-like' (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]; LW [loanword] Sem.Etymology: Not well explained. By Strömberg Wortstudien 10f. connected with the name of the ass, κάνθων, κανθήλιος (hardly probable) with the suffix as in χίμαρος, κίσσαρος a. o. (Chantraine Formation 226f.). - On the plant name κανθαρίς, ἀντικάνθαρον s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 140. Chantr. pointed out that there are anthroponymes Bechtel, H. Personennamen 582 and 589, as well as place names, as Κάνθαρος, a port of Piraeus, and concludes that it can be a term from Pre-Greek, with which I agree. - As there is an Acc. word kanda\/uru- `cup', in this meaning it will be a loan, Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 672,Page in Frisk: 1,776-777Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάνθαρος
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79 καπνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `smoke, steam' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-pi-ni-ja.Compounds: Compp., e. g. καπνο-δόκη ` flue (of a chimney' (IA.), δύσ-καπνος ` with an unpleasant smoke' (A., Thphr.).Derivatives: Subst. 1. κάπνη (Com.), short form of καπνοδόκη; also = καπνιαῖος λίθος ( PHolm.; s. below); 2. καπνία for κάπνη (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. καπνίας m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = καπνίτης, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; ` διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν' H.). 4. καπνίτης m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), καπνῖτις f. plant name, `fumitory, Fumaria officinalis', from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called κάπνιος and καπνός (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. κάπνε(ι)ος (sc. ἄμπελος) f. `vine with smoke-coloured grapes' (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. καπνώδης `smokey, smoke-coloured' (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. καπνηλός ` smoke-like' (Nic. Th. 54); 8. καπνιαῖος λίθος ` smoke-coloured quarz' ( PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. καπνίζω, aor. καπνίσ(σ)αι, also with prefix, ἀπο-, περι-, ὑπο-, `smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured' (Il.) with κάπνισις `exposure to smoke' (Arist.), κάπνισμα ` incense' (AP), καπνιστήριον `steam-bath?' (Priene); 2. καπνόομαι `vanish into smoke' (Pi., E.); 3. καπνιάω `smoke a bee-hive' (A. R. 2, 131), after θυμιάω; 4. καπνείω `let vanish into smoke, burn' (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside καπνός there is an aorist ἀπὸ ( δε ψυχην) ἐκάπυσσεν `breathe forth' (Χ 467; κάπυσσεν Q. S. 6, 523), with the present καπύσσων ἐκπνέων H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in κάπυς πνεῦμα H. (also κάπος ψυχή, πνεῦμα). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, καπυκτά πνέοντα H.; connected with καπύσσων?, cf ἀλύω (s.v.) with ἀλύσσω s. The stem with υ- also in καπυρός `dry etc.', s. v.; uncertain is κέκηφε τέθνηκε H., κεκαφηότα (Hom.), s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: An original *κϜαπ-νός (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a w, agrees with Lith. kvãpas `breath, smell'; beside it with ē-vowel kvėpiù,kvẽpti `gasp, breathe', Latv. kvêpstu, kvêpt `smoke, smell'; καπνός a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. ku̯ep-. An old question is whether Lat. vapor `vapour, smoke' with v- for expected qu- is cognate. On the other hand Russ. kópotь `fine soot, dust' etc. presents a u̯-less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. af- ƕapjan `suffocate, extinguish', af- ƕapnan `extinguish' show a root-final p for f (b). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. vapor, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kvẽpti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kópotь. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited * kuh₂ep-, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave *κϜαπ-. IE origin, then, is improbable. * kap- is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an u-stem ( κάπυς) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix n- after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. vapor are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume * kʷap-, as this would give *κ(ϝ)οπ-, cf. ἄλοξ, καλαῦροψ.)Page in Frisk: 1,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καπνός
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80 κάρυον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `nut' (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. καρυο-ναύτης `wo sails in a nut' (Lyc.); καρυό-φυλλον `dried flower-but of the clove, Eugenia caryophyllata' (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. kaṭuka-phalam?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).Derivatives: 1. καρύα f. `walnut-tree', esp. `hazel, Corylus avellana' (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: καρύδιον (Philyll. 19) with καρυδόω `castrate', καρύδωσις (Hippiatr.); καρυΐσκος (LXX). 3. Adject.: καρύ-ϊνος `of nuts, nut-brown etc.', - ώδης, - ηρός `nut-like' (hell.); καρυωτός `with nut-like hump or fruit' (= `date-tree'), καρυῶτις f. `kind of date' (hell.); substant. καρυΐτης `kind of Euphorbia' (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72). 4. Adverb: καρυηδόν `like nuts' (medic.). 5. Verb: καρυατίζω `play with nuts' (Ph.; after the verbs in - ατίζω). - A further plural-form in καρυήματα κάρυα. Λάκωνες H. (after τραγήματα a. o.; Schwyzer 523, Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: All compared words differ from κάρυον and from one amother: Lat. carīna `ship's keel' (since Enn. and Plaut.), `shell of a nut' (Plin.), Welsh ceri (\< * carīso-) `pit of fruit'; Skt. karaka- m. `(shell of the) coco(a)-nut' (lex.), `jar for water'. Other doubts are: for Lat. carīna a Greek loan (from καρύϊνος = *`like a nut-shell' \> `ship's keel'?) as been supposed (W.-Hofmann s. v.); the priority of the meaning `coco-nut' beside `water-jar' for karaka- is doubted by Mayrhofer, see EWAia III 59 (later form). - The connection with a group * kar- `heart' (Pok. 531f.) is completely hypothetical. - Beside it occurs ἄρυα τὰ ΏΗρακλεωτικὰ κάρυα H., which suggests a Pre-Greek form, Fur. 591.Page in Frisk: 1,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρυον
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