-
1 county
plural - counties; noun(a large administrative unit of local government in England and Wales and in the United States.)fylke--------grevskapIsubst. \/ˈkaʊntɪ\/1) ( i Irland og Storbritannia) grevskap, fylke2) (i USA, i offentlig forvaltning) forklaring: administrativ enhet under delstaten, (stor)kommune3) (i Canada og New Zealand, i offentlig forvaltning) forklaring: stor administrativ enhet4) ( britisk) innbyggerne i et grevskapIIadj. \/ˈkaʊntɪ\/1) av godseierfamilie, som tilhører landadelen, fornem, standsmessig, overklasse-2) grevskaps-, fylkes- -
2 family
noun1) Familie, die; attrib. Familien-; familiär [Hintergrund]run in the family — in der Familie liegen
* * *['fæməli]plural - families; noun1) ((singular or plural) a man, his wife and their children: These houses were built for families; The (members of the) Smith family are all very athletic; ( also adjective) a family holiday.) die Familie, Familien...2) (a group of people related to each other, including cousins, grandchildren etc: He comes from a wealthy family; ( also adjective) the family home.) die Familie3) (the children of a man and his wife: When I get married I should like a large family.) die Familie4) (a group of plants, animals, languages etc that are connected in some way: In spite of its name, a koala bear is not a member of the bear family.) die Familie•- academic.ru/100670/family_planning">family planning- family tree* * *fami·ly[ˈfæməli]I. na \family of robins/squirrels eine Rotkehlchen-/Eichhörnchenfamiliethe Indo-European \family die indoeuropäische Sprachfamiliewe've got \family coming to visit wir bekommen Familienbesucha friend of the \family, a \family friend ein Freund m/eine Freundin der Familienontraditional \family unkonventionelle Familieto keep sth in the \family (not sell) etw in Familienbesitz behaltento keep a secret in the \family ein Geheimnis für sich akk behaltento have [got] \family eine Familie habenshe's got \family in the States sie hat Verwandte in den Staatento start a \family eine Familie gründen▪ to be \family zur Familie gehörento be [like] one of the \family [praktisch] zur Familie gehörenthey're one of the old county families sie gehören zu den alteingesessenen Familien dieses Bezirksto run in the family talent, character in der Familie liegenthe cat/rose \family die Familie der Katzen/Rosenthe Acme \family die Belegschaft [o Familie] von AcmeII. adj attr, inv1. (involving family) Familien-\family business [or firm] Familienunternehmen nt\family celebration [or party] Familienfeier f\family council Familienrat mto settle down to \family life eine Familie gründen\family likeness Familienähnlichkeit f\family reunion Familientreffen nt2. (including children) Familien-\family fare Familienpreis m\family hotel Familienhotel nt\family rate Familienrabatt m\family show Familiensendung f\family ticket Familienkarte f\family viewing Familienfernsehen nt3.* * *['fmIlɪ]1. n1) Familie f; (including cousins, aunts etc) Verwandtschaft f; (= lineage) Familie f, Haus nt, Geschlecht nt (geh)has he any family? — hat er Familie?
of good family — aus guter Familie, aus gutem Hause
with just the immediate family — im engsten Familienkreis
2) (of plants, animals, languages etc) Familie f2. attrFamilien-a family friend — ein Freund/eine Freundin des Hauses or der Familie
family values — Familienwerte pl, familiäre Werte pl
* * *family [ˈfæməlı]A sa family of four eine vierköpfige Familie;a teacher’s family eine Lehrer(s)familie;have you any family? haben Sie Familie?;she was living as one of the family sie hatte Familienanschluss, sie gehörte zur Familie;family of nations Völkerfamilie;that can ( oder will) happen in the best-regulated families das kommt in den besten Familien vor; → start C 32. Familie f:a) Geschlecht n, Sippe fb) fig Her-, Abkunft f:of (good) family aus guter oder vornehmer Familie, aus gutem Haus3. BIOL Familie f5. MATH Schar f:family of characteristics Kennlinienfeld nB adj Familien…:family accommodation Unterbringung f in Familien;family business Familienunternehmen n;family council Familienrat m;family difficulties familiäre Schwierigkeiten;family doctor Hausarzt m;family environment häusliches Milieu;family film Film m für die ganze Familie;family firm Familienbetrieb n;family occasion Familienereignis n;family pack Familien-, Haushaltspackung f;family planning Familienplanung f;family problems familiäre Probleme;family reunion Familientreffen n;family-run hotel Familienhotel n;family skeleton streng gehütetes Familiengeheimnis;family status Familienstand m;family tensions familiäre Spannungen;family therapist Familientherapeut(in);family togetherness Familienzusammengehörigkeit f;family tree Stammbaum m;family warmth Nestwärme f;in a family way zwanglos;be in the family way umg in anderen Umständen sein;put a girl in the family way umg einem Mädchen ein Kind machenfam. abk1. familiar2. family* * *noun1) Familie, die; attrib. Familien-; familiär [Hintergrund]2) (group, race) Geschlecht, das* * *n.Familie -n f.Sippe -n f. -
3 line
I
1.
noun1) ((a piece of) thread, cord, rope etc: She hung the washing on the line; a fishing-rod and line.) cuerda, cordel, sedal2) (a long, narrow mark, streak or stripe: She drew straight lines across the page; a dotted/wavy line.) línea3) (outline or shape especially relating to length or direction: The ship had very graceful lines; A dancer uses a mirror to improve his line.) línea4) (a groove on the skin; a wrinkle.) arruga5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) fila, hilera6) (a short letter: I'll drop him a line.) cuatro líneas7) (a series or group of persons which come one after the other especially in the same family: a line of kings.) linaje8) (a track or direction: He pointed out the line of the new road; a new line of research.) trazado9) (the railway or a single track of the railway: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge only.) vía10) (a continuous system (especially of pipes, electrical or telephone cables etc) connecting one place with another: a pipeline; a line of communication; All (telephone) lines are engaged.) cable, línea11) (a row of written or printed words: The letter contained only three lines; a poem of sixteen lines.) línea12) (a regular service of ships, aircraft etc: a shipping line.) compañía13) (a group or class (of goods for sale) or a field of activity, interest etc: This has been a very popular new line; Computers are not really my line.) línea, gama14) (an arrangement of troops, especially when ready to fight: fighting in the front line.) línea
2. verb1) (to form lines along: Crowds lined the pavement to see the Queen.) ponerse en fila, hacer cola2) (to mark with lines.) dibujar rayas•- lineage- linear
- lined- liner- lines- linesman
- hard lines!
- in line for
- in
- out of line with
- line up
- read between the lines
II
verb1) (to cover on the inside: She lined the box with newspaper.) llenar, forrar2) (to put a lining in: She lined the dress with silk.) forrar, revestir•- lined- liner- liningline1 n1. línea / raya2. fila / hilera3. tendederoline2 vb1. ponerse en fila2. forrartr[laɪn]1 (in general) línea■ hold the line, please un momento, por favor, no cuelgue2 (drawn on paper) raya4 (row) fila, hilera5 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (queue) cola6 (wrinkle) arruga7 (cord) cuerda, cordel nombre masculino; (fishing) sedal nombre masculino; (wire) cable nombre masculino8 (route) vía■ that's not my line! ¡eso no es especialidad mía!■ what's your line? ¿qué haces?, ¿de qué trabajas?11 slang (of cocaine) raya1 (draw lines on) dibujar rayas en2 (mark with wrinkles) arrugar3 (form rows along) bordear■ the crowds lined the streets to greet the local hero la multitud se alineaba a lo largo de las calles para aclamar al héroe local\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLhard lines! familiar ¡qué mala suerte!in line with figurative use conforme ato be in line for estar a punto de recibirto be on the right lines ir por buen caminoto bring somebody into line familiar pararle los pies a alguiento come to the end of the line llegar al finalto draw the line at something decir basta a algoto drop somebody a line familiar mandar cuatro líneas a alguiento fall into line cerrar filasto know where to draw the line saber decir bastato learn one's lines SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL aprenderse el papelto read between the lines leer entre líneasto stand in line SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL hacer colato step out of line salirse de la fila 2 figurative use saltarse las reglasto take a tough line with somebody tener mano dura con alguiendotted line línea de puntosline drawing dibujo linealline of fire línea de fuegoline of vision campo visualline printer impresora de líneasline spacer interlineador nombre masculino————————tr[laɪn]1 (with material) forrar; (pipes) revestir2 (walls) llenar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto line one's pockets familiar forrarse1) : forrar, cubrirto line a dress: forrar un vestidoto line the walls: cubrir las paredes2) mark: rayar, trazar líneas en3) border: bordear4) align: alinearline vito line up : ponerse in fila, hacer colaline n1) cord, rope: cuerda f2) wire: cable mpower line: cable eléctrico3) : línea f (de teléfono)4) row: fila f, hilera f5) note: nota f, líneas fpldrop me a line: mándame unas líneas6) course: línea fline of inquiry: línea de investigación7) agreement: conformidad fto be in line with: ser conforme ato fall into line: estar de acuerdo8) occupation: ocupación f, rama f, especialidad f9) limit: línea f, límite mdividing line: línea divisoriato draw the line: fijar límites10) service: línea fbus line: línea de autobuses11) mark: línea f, arruga f (de la cara)n.• andana s.f.• cola s.f.• cordel s.m.• fila s.f.• línea (Electrónica) s.f.• línea s.f.• ramo s.m.• raya s.f.• renglón s.m.• retahila s.f.• sarta s.f.• trazo s.m.• verso s.m.v.• aforrar v.• alinear v.• arrugar v.• forrar v.• frisar v.• rayar v.
I laɪn1) ca) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta fto draw a line — trazar* una línea
to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo
to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar
to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos
to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)
line drawing — dibujo m lineal
b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f2)a) c (boundary, border) línea fthe county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado
to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta
b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)line judge — juez mf de línea
c) c u ( contour) línea f3)a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal mpower line — cable m eléctrico
b) c ( Telec) línea fhold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor
4) c ( Transp)a) (company, service) línea fshipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f
5) u ca) (path, direction) línea fit was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance
b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea fto take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)
she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...
to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina
c) (method, style)line of inquiry — línea f de investigación
I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...
6) cthey formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor
to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola
to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola
to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)
all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line
b) ( series) serie fhe's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales
c) ( succession) línea f7) c ( Mil) línea f8)new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte
to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas
c) ( note)to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas
9) ca) ( area of activity)what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?
in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión
b) ( of merchandise) línea f
II
1)a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrarb) ( form lining along) cubrir*books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros
2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar3) ( border)•Phrasal Verbs:- line up
I [laɪn]1. N•
to draw a line — trazar una línea•
there's a fine or thin line between genius and madness — la línea que separa la genialidad de la locura es muy sutil•
to put a line through sth — tachar or (LAm) rayar algo•
the Line — (Geog) el ecuador- draw the line at sth- know where to draw the line- draw a line underto be on the line —
his job is on the line — su puesto está en peligro, se expone a perder su puesto
- lay it on the lineto lay or put one's reputation on the line — arriesgar su reputación
to put one's ass on the line — (US) ** jugársela *
2) (=rope) cuerda f; (=fishing line) sedal m; (=clothes line, washing line) cuerda f para tender la ropathey threw a line to the man in the sea — le lanzaron un cable or una cuerda al hombre que estaba en el agua
4) [of print, verse] renglón m, línea f"new line" — (in dictation) "otra línea"
•
drop me a line * — (fig) escríbeme•
to learn one's lines — (Theat) aprenderse el papel- read between the lines5) (=row) hilera f, fila f, línea fline of traffic — fila f or cola f de coches
the traffic stretched for three miles in an unbroken line — había una caravana or cola de coches de tres millas
a line of winning numbers — (in bingo, lottery etc) una línea ganadora
•
to be in line with — estar de acuerdo con, ser conforme a•
to bring sth into line with sth — poner algo de acuerdo con algo•
to be out of line with — no ser conforme conhe was completely out of line to suggest that... * — estaba totalmente fuera de lugar que propusiera que...
- reach or come to the end of the linestep 2., 1)6) (=series) serie fthe latest in a long line of tragedies — la última de una larga serie or lista de tragedias
7) (=lineage) linaje m•
the title is inherited through the male/ female line — el título se hereda por línea paterna/materna•
he comes from a long line of artists — proviene de un extenso linaje de artistas•
the royal line — el linaje real8) (=hierarchy)9) (Mil) línea fthe (battle) lines are drawn — (fig) la guerra está declarada
•
the first line of defence — (lit) la primera línea de retaguardia; (fig) el primer escudo protectorfront 5.•
behind enemy lines — tras las líneas enemigas10) (esp US) (=queue) cola f•
to form a line — hacer una cola•
to get into line — ponerse en la cola or a la cola•
to stand in line — hacer cola11) (=direction) línea fthe main or broad lines — [of story, plan] las líneas maestras
•
along or on the lines of — algo por el estilo desomething along those or the same lines — algo por el estilo
along or on political/racial lines — según criterios políticos/raciales
•
in the line of fire — (Mil) en la línea de fuego12) (Elec) (=wire) cable mto be/come on line — (Comput) estar/entrar en (pleno) funcionamiento
13) (Telec) línea fcan you get me a line to Chicago? — ¿me puede poner con Chicago?
•
it's a very bad line — se oye muy malto keep the lines of communication open with sb — mantener todas las líneas de comunicación abiertas con algn
•
hold the line please — no cuelgue, por favor•
Mr. Smith is on the line (for you) — El Sr. Smith está al teléfono (y quiere hablar con usted)hot 4.•
the lines are open from six o'clock onwards — las líneas están abiertas de seis en adelante14) (=pipe) (for oil, gas) conducto m15) (=shape) (usu pl)the rounded lines of this car — la línea redondeada or el contorno redondeado de este coche
16) (=field, area)what line (of business) are you in? — ¿a qué se dedica?
we're in the same line (of business) — nos dedicamos a lo mismo, trabajamos en el mismo campo
line of research — campo m de investigación
it's not my line — (=speciality) no es de mi especialidad
fishing's more (in) my line — me interesa más la pesca, de pesca sí sé algo
17) (=stance, attitude) actitud f•
to take a strong or firm line on sth — adoptar una actitud firme sobre algoto take the line that... — ser de la opinión que...
what line is the government taking? — ¿cuál es la actitud del gobierno?
to follow or take the line of least resistance — conformarse con la ley del mínimo esfuerzo
- toe the linehard 1., 5)to toe or follow the party line — conformarse a or seguir la línea del partido
18) (Comm) (=product) línea fa new/popular line — una línea nueva/popular
19) (Rail) (=route) línea f; (=track) vía fthe line to Palencia — el ferrocarril de Palencia, la línea de Palencia
•
to cross the line(s) — cruzar la vía•
to leave the line(s) — descarrilar21) (=clue, lead) pista f•
to give sb a line on sth — poner a algn sobre la pista de algothe police have a line on the criminal — la policía anda or está sobre la pista del delincuente
22) (=spiel)- feed sb a line about sthshoot 2., 4)23) (Ind) (=assembly line) línea f24) [of cocaine etc] raya f2.VT (=cross with lines) [+ paper] rayar; [+ field] surcar; [+ face] arrugar3.CPDline dancing N — danza folclórica en que los que bailan forman líneas y filas
line drawing N — dibujo m lineal
line editing N — corrección f por líneas
line fishing N — pesca f con caña
line judge N — (Tennis) juez mf de fondo
line manager N — (Brit) (Ind) jefe(-a) m / f de línea
line printer N — impresora f de línea
- line up
II
[laɪn]VT1) (=put lining in) [+ garment] forrar ( with de); (Tech) revestir ( with de); [+ brakes] guarnecer; [bird] [+ nest] cubrirpocket 1., 1)2) (=border)streets lined with trees — calles fpl bordeadas de árboles
* * *
I [laɪn]1) ca) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta fto draw a line — trazar* una línea
to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo
to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar
to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos
to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)
line drawing — dibujo m lineal
b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f2)a) c (boundary, border) línea fthe county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado
to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta
b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)line judge — juez mf de línea
c) c u ( contour) línea f3)a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal mpower line — cable m eléctrico
b) c ( Telec) línea fhold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor
4) c ( Transp)a) (company, service) línea fshipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f
5) u ca) (path, direction) línea fit was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance
b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea fto take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)
she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...
to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina
c) (method, style)line of inquiry — línea f de investigación
I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...
6) cthey formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor
to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola
to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola
to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)
all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line
b) ( series) serie fhe's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales
c) ( succession) línea f7) c ( Mil) línea f8)new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte
to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas
c) ( note)to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas
9) ca) ( area of activity)what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?
in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión
b) ( of merchandise) línea f
II
1)a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrarb) ( form lining along) cubrir*books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros
2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar3) ( border)•Phrasal Verbs:- line up -
4 fair
I noun2) see academic.ru/29895/funfair">funfair3) (exhibition) Messe, dieII 1. adjectiveantiques/book/trade fair — Antiquitäten- / Buch- / Handelsmesse, die
1) (just) gerecht; begründet [Beschwerde, Annahme]; berechtigt [Frage]; fair [Spiel, Kampf, Prozess, Preis, Handel]; (representative) typisch, markant [Beispiel, Kostprobe]be fair with or to somebody — gerecht gegen jemanden od. zu jemandem sein
it's only fair to do something/for somebody to do something — es ist nur recht und billig, etwas zu tun/dass jemand etwas tut
that's not fair — das ist ungerecht od. unfair
fair enough! — (coll.) dagegen ist nichts einzuwenden; (OK) na gut
all's fair in love and war — in der Liebe und im Krieg ist alles erlaubt
fair play — Fairness, die
2) (not bad, pretty good) ganz gut [Bilanz, Vorstellung, Anzahl, Kenntnisse, Chance]; ziemlich [Maß, Geschwindigkeit]3) (favourable) schön [Wetter, Tag, Abend]; günstig [Wetterlage, Wind]; heiter [Wetter, Tag]2. adverb1) fair [kämpfen, spielen]; gerecht [behandeln]2) (coll.): (completely) völligthe sight fair took my breath away — der Anblick hat mir glatt (ugs.) den Atem verschlagen
3)3. nounfair and square — (honestly) offen und ehrlich; (accurately) voll, genau [schlagen, treffen]
fair's fair — (coll.) Gerechtigkeit muss sein
* * *I [feə] adjective1) (light-coloured; with light-coloured hair and skin: fair hair; Scandinavian people are often fair.) hell5) (quite big, long etc: a fair size.) ansehnlich6) (beautiful: a fair maiden.) hübsch•- fairness- fairly
- fair play II [feə] noun1) (a collection of entertainments that travels from town to town: She won a large doll at the fair.) der Jahrmarkt2) (a large market held at fixed times: A fair is held here every spring.) der Markt3) (an exhibition of goods from different countries, firms etc: a trade fair.) die Messe* * *fair1[feəʳ, AM fer]I. adjyou're not being \fair das ist unfairthe point she's making is a \fair one ihr Einwand ist berechtigtto be \fair, he didn't have much time zugegeben, er hatte nicht viel Zeit, er hatte zugegebenermaßen nicht viel Zeit[that's] \fair enough! ( fam: approved) na schön! fam, o.k.! fam; (agreed) dagegen ist nichts einzuwenden! fam\fair contest fairer Wettbewerb\fair dealing FIN geordneter Effektenhandel fachspr; of photocopies Zulässigkeit f der Vervielfältigung zum persönlichen Gebrauch fachspr\fair price annehmbarer [o fairer] Preis\fair question berechtigte Frage\fair wage angemessener Lohnit's only \fair that/to... es ist nur recht und billig, dass/zu...it's \fair to say that... man kann [wohl] sagen, dass...▪ to not be \fair on sb jdm gegenüber nicht fair sein2. (just, impartial) gerecht, fairyou're not being \fair das ist ungerecht [o unfair]a \fair deal/trial ein fairer Handel/Prozessa \fair hearing eine faire Anhörungto get one's \fair share seinen Anteil bekommen, bekommen, was einem zustehtto not get one's \fair share zu kurz kommenFred's had more than his \fair share of trouble Fred hat mehr als genug Ärger gehabt▪ to be \fair to/towards sb jdm gegenüber gerecht [o fair] sein, gerecht gegen jdn sein▪ to be \fair with sb gerecht [o fair] zu jdm sein, jdn gerecht [o fair] behandelnwe've had a \fair amount of rain es hat ziemlich viel geregnetthere's still a \fair bit of work to do es gibt noch einiges zu tuna \fair number of people ziemlich viele Leuteto be a \fair size/weight ziemlich groß/schwer seinshe's got a \fair chance of winning this year ihre Gewinnchancen stehen dieses Jahr ziemlich gutthere's a \fair prospect of... es sieht ganz so aus, als ob...to have a \fair idea that... sich dat ziemlich sicher sein, dass...to have a \fair complexion einen hellen Teint habento have \fair hair blond seineverything seems set \fair BRIT alles scheint gut zu laufenmirror, mirror on the wall, who is the \fairest of them all? Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand, wer ist die Schönste im ganzen Land?to sign a letter with one's own \fair hand einen Brief eigenhändig unterschreiben9.▶ to give sb a \fair crack of the whip [or AM also a \fair shake] ( fam) jdm eine faire Chance geben▶ by \fair means or foul koste es, was es wolle\fair dos, we've all paid the same money BRIT ( fam) gleiches Recht für alle, wir haben [immerhin] alle gleich viel bezahltII. adv1. (according to rules)to play \fair fair sein; SPORT fair spielen3.he made a \fair old mess of it er machte alles nur noch schlimmerthat machine makes a \fair old noise diese Maschine macht vielleicht einen LärmI told them \fair and square that... ich sagte ihnen klar und deutlich, dass...he hit me \fair and square on the nose er schlug mir voll auf die Nasefair2[feəʳ, AM fer]n1. (funfair) Jahrmarkt m, Rummelplatz m, Rummel m DIAL, BES NORDD, Messe f SCHWEIZ, Chilbi f SCHWEIZ famautumn \fair Herbstmesse fthe Bristol Antiques F\fair die Antiquitätenmesse von Bristola county/state \fair AM ein Markt in einem US-County/US-Bundesstaata local craft \fair ein Kunsthandwerkmarkt mthe Frankfurt [Book] F\fair die Frankfurter Buchmessetrade \fair Messe f* * *I [fɛə(r)]1. adj (+er)1) (= just) person, fight, game, player, competition, price fair (to or on sb jdm gegenüber, gegen jdn); trial, conclusion gerechthe tried to be fair to everybody — er versuchte, allen gegenüber gerecht zu sein or (give everybody their due) allen gerecht zu werden
that is a ( very) fair point or comment — das lässt sich (natürlich) nicht abstreiten
it wouldn't be fair to disturb the children's education — es wäre unfair, die Ausbildung der Kinder zu unterbrechen
it is fair to say that... — man kann wohl sagen, dass...
to be fair,... —
it's only fair for her to earn more than us — es ist doch nur gerecht or fair, dass sie mehr verdient als wir
it's only fair to ask him/to give him a hand — man sollte ihn fairerweise fragen/ihm fairerweise helfen
it's only fair to expect... — man kann doch wohl zu Recht erwarten,...
fair enough! — na schön or gut, in Ordnung
by fair means or foul — mit allen Mitteln, egal wie (inf)
2) (= quite considerable) sum ziemlich groß3) (= reasonable, shrewd) guess, assessment, idea ziemlich guthe's a fair judge of character —
I had a pretty fair idea of the answer to the question — ich wusste ziemlich genau, was die Antwort auf diese Frage war
I've a fair idea that he's going to resign — ich bin mir ziemlich sicher, dass er zurücktreten wird
it's a fair guess that he'll never agree — man kann ziemlich sicher annehmen, dass er nie zustimmen wird
that's a fair sample of... — das ist ziemlich typisch für...
4) (= average) mittelmäßigthe fair sex (dated, hum) — das schöne Geschlecht
2. adv1)to play fair — fair sein; (Sport) fair spielen
See:→ also fair play2)fair and square (win, lose) — ganz klar
IIit fair took my breath away — das hat mir glatt den Atem verschlagen
n(Jahr)markt m; (= funfair) Volksfest nt; (COMM) Messe f* * *fair1 [feə(r)]b) hellhäutig3. rein, sauber, makellos, unbescholten:fair name guter Ruf4. schön, gefällig:give sb fair words jemanden mit schönen Worten abspeisenset fair beständig6. rein, klar (Wasser, Luft)8. frei, offen, ungehindert (Aussicht etc):a) jagdbares Wild,b) fig Freiwild n;9. günstig, aussichtsreich, vielversprechend:11. anständig:b) ehrlich, offen, aufrichtig ( alle:with gegen)c) unparteiisch, gerecht:fair and square offen und ehrlich, anständig;by fair means auf ehrliche Weise;a) so oder so,b) mit allen Mitteln;be fair (Redew) fairerweise;that’s only fair das ist nur recht und billig;fair is fair Gerechtigkeit muss sein;fair competition WIRTSCH redlicher Wettbewerb;all’s fair in love and war (Sprichwort) im Krieg und in der Liebe ist alles erlaubt; → comment A 1 b, play A 3, warning A 112. leidlich, ziemlich oder einigermaßen gut:be a fair judge of ein ziemlich gutes Urteil abgeben können über (akk);fair business leidlich gute Geschäfte;13. angemessen (Lohn, Preis etc)14. typisch (Beispiel)15. berechtigt:fair question! gute Frage!B adv1. schön, gut, freundlich, höflich:speak sb fair jemandem schöne oder freundliche Worte sagen2. rein, sauber, leserlich:3. günstig (nur noch in):a) sich gut anlassen, zu Hoffnungen berechtigen,b) (gute) Aussicht haben, versprechen ( to be zu sein);bid fair to succeed gute Erfolgsaussichten haben;the wind sits fair SCHIFF der Wind ist günstig4. anständig, fair:play fair fair spielen, a. fig sich an die Spielregeln halten5. unparteiisch, gerecht6. aufrichtig, offen, ehrlich:fair and square offen und ehrlich7. auf gutem Fuß ( with mit):8. direkt, genau:fair in the face mitten ins Gesicht9. völlig:the question caught him fair off his guard die Frage traf ihn völlig unvorbereitet10. Aus ganz schön:C s obs Schönheit f (auch Frau)D v/t1. TECH glätten, zurichten:fair into einpassen in (akk)2. ein Flugzeug etc verkleidenfair2 [feə(r)] s1. a) Jahrmarkt mb) Volksfest n:at the fair auf dem Jahrmarkt;(a day) after the fair fig (einen Tag) zu spät2. Ausstellung f, Messe f:at the fair auf der Messe3. Basar m* * *I noun3) (exhibition) Messe, dieII 1. adjectiveantiques/book/trade fair — Antiquitäten- / Buch- / Handelsmesse, die
1) (just) gerecht; begründet [Beschwerde, Annahme]; berechtigt [Frage]; fair [Spiel, Kampf, Prozess, Preis, Handel]; (representative) typisch, markant [Beispiel, Kostprobe]be fair with or to somebody — gerecht gegen jemanden od. zu jemandem sein
it's only fair to do something/for somebody to do something — es ist nur recht und billig, etwas zu tun/dass jemand etwas tut
that's not fair — das ist ungerecht od. unfair
fair enough! — (coll.) dagegen ist nichts einzuwenden; (OK) na gut
fair play — Fairness, die
2) (not bad, pretty good) ganz gut [Bilanz, Vorstellung, Anzahl, Kenntnisse, Chance]; ziemlich [Maß, Geschwindigkeit]3) (favourable) schön [Wetter, Tag, Abend]; günstig [Wetterlage, Wind]; heiter [Wetter, Tag]4) (blond) blond [Haar, Person]; (not dark) hell [Teint, Haut]; hellhäutig [Person]2. adverb1) fair [kämpfen, spielen]; gerecht [behandeln]2) (coll.): (completely) völligthe sight fair took my breath away — der Anblick hat mir glatt (ugs.) den Atem verschlagen
3)3. nounfair and square — (honestly) offen und ehrlich; (accurately) voll, genau [schlagen, treffen]
fair's fair — (coll.) Gerechtigkeit muss sein
* * *adj.angemessen adj.blond adj.fair adj.gerecht adj.mittelmäßig adj.ordentlich adj.partnerschaftlich adj. n.Jahrmarkt m. -
5 Case, Jerome Increase
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1819 Williamstown, Oswego County, New York, USAd. 1891 USA[br]American manufacturer and founder of the Case company of agricultural engineers.[br]J.I.Case was the son of a former and began his working life operating the family's Groundhog threshing machine. He moved into contract threshing, and used the money he earned to pay his way through a business academy. He became the agent for the Groundhog thresher in his area and at the age of 23 decided to move west, taking six machines with him. He sold five of these to obtain working capital, and in 1842 moved from Williamstown, New York, to Rochester, Wisconsin, where he established his manufacturing company. He produced the first combined thresher-winnower in the US in 1843. Two years later he moved to Racine, on the shores of Lake Michigan in the same state. Within four years the Case company became Racine's biggest company and largest employer, a position it was to retain into the twentieth century. As early as 1860 Case was shipping threshing machines around the Horn to California.Apart from having practical expertise Case was also a skilled demonstrator, and it was this combination which resulted in the sure growth of his company. In 1869 he produced his first portable steam engine and in 1876 his first traction engine. By the mid 1870s he was selling a significant proportion of the machines in use in America. By 1878 Case threshing machines had penetrated the European market, and in 1885 sales to South America began. Case also became the world's largest manufacturer of steam engines.J.I.Case himself, whilst still actively involved with the company, also became involved in politics. He was Mayor of Racine for three terms and State Senator for two. He was also President of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Racine and Founder of the First National Bank of Burlington. He founded the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters and was President of the Racine County Agricultural Society. He had time for sport and was owner of the world's all-time champion trotter-pacer.Continued expansion of the company after J.I. Case's death led eventually to its acquisition by Tenneco in 1967, and in 1985 the company took over International Harvester. As Case I.H. it continues to produce a full range of agricultural, earth-moving and heavy-transport equipment.[br]Further ReadingDespite the size and importance of the company he created, very little has been written about Case. On particular anniversaries the company has produced celebratory publications, and surprisingly these still seem to be the main source of information about him.R.B.Gray, 1975, The Agricultural Tractor 1855–1950, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (traces the history of power on the farm, in which Case and his machines played such an important role).AP -
6 fit
̈ɪfɪt I сущ.
1) припадок, приступ to have, throw a fit ≈ страдать от приступа hysterical fit ≈ истерический припадок fit of apoplexy ≈ апоплексический удар a violent fit of coughing ≈ резкий приступ кашля Syn: attack
1., paroxysm, bout
2) порыв, вспышка( гнева, энтузиазма и т. п.) fit of energy ≈ прилив сил She cleaned the whole house in a fit of enthusiasm. ≈ В порыве энтузиазма она убрала весь дом.
3) настроение, склонность When the fit was on him, he would shoe a horse better than any man in the county. ≈ Если он был в настроении, он подковал лошадь лучше всех в графстве. Syn: mood, spirit ∙ to give smb. a fit/fits разг. ≈ возмутить, оскорбить кого-л. to scream oneself into fits ≈ отчаянно вопить to knock smb. into fits, beat smb. into fits ≈ разбить наголову кого-л. throw a fit II
1. сущ.
1) прилаживание, подгонка This Academy has for many years given an excellent fit for college. ≈ Эта кафедра в течение многих лет давала блестящую подготовку для колледжа.
2) тех. посадка, пригонка
3) прилегаемость( об одежде) ;
прилегающая одежда snug, tight fit ≈ плотно прилегающая одежда The gown was an excellent fit. ≈ Платье прекрасно сидело. to a fit ≈ точно по фигуре
2. прил.
1) подходящий, годный, пригодный;
соответствующий water fit for drinking ≈ вода, пригодная для питья The food here isn't fit to eat. ≈ Пища здесь не съедобна. a movie fit for the whole family ≈ фильм, подходящий для всей семьи Those stories are not fit to be repeated. ≈ Эти истории не годятся для того, чтобы их повторять. fit time and place ≈ надлежащее время и место Syn: proper
1., appropriate
1., apt, suitable
2) подобающий, стоящий to see fit, think fit ≈ считать нужным
3) квалифицированный, компетентный Syn: qualified, competent
4) готовый, подготовленный fit to die of shame ≈ готовый умереть со стыда a house fit to live in ≈ дом, готовый для проживания I am fit for another mile. ≈ Я могу пройти еще милю. Let's see what the boy's fit for. ≈ Давай-ка посмотрим, к чему этот парнишка годен.
5) настроенный, склонный
6) спорт находящийся в хорошей форме;
разг. здоровый physically fit ≈ физически развитый to feel fit, keep fit ≈ быть бодрым и здоровым as fit as a fiddle Syn: healthy
3. гл.
1) а) быть впору, быть в самый раз, подходить( к чему-л.) The key fits the lock. ≈ Ключ точно подходит к замку. б) непер. быть впору, подходить The coat fits well. ≈ Пальто сидит хорошо.
2) а) подходить, быть подходящим для (чего-л.), соответствовать( чему-л.) The theory fits the facts. ≈ Теория согласуется с фактами. б) непер. подходить That fits in with my plans. ≈ Это согласуется с моими планами.
3) а) умещать б) умещаться, помещаться, входить to fit through the door ≈ проходить в дверь to fit around the table ≈ уместиться за столом
4) подгонять, пригонять, прилаживать Syn: adjust, tailor
2.
5) снаряжать, оснащать( with) to fit the ship with new engines ≈ оснастить корабль новыми двигателями Syn: supply I
2., equip ∙ fit in fit into fit on fit out fit up to fit like a glove ≈ быть как раз впору to fit like a ball of wax ≈ облегать, облипать to fit the bill ≈ отвечать всем требованиям подгонка, прилаживание (техническое) пригонка, посадка аппроксимация, фит прилегаемость ( одежды) - to a * точно по мерке;
точно по фигуре - to be a bad * плохо сидеть (о платье) - to be a tight * плотно обтягивать( фигуру) - to be an easy * сидеть свободно( об одежде) - I want my shoes an easy * я хочу, чтобы туфли мне не жали (при) годный;
подходящий;
соответствующий - a * time and place надлежащее время и место - at a *er moment в более подходящий момент - the food was not * to eat пища оказалась несъедобной - materials not * for the job материалы, непригодные для работы - I have nothing * to wear мне нечего надеть;
у меня нет ничего подходящего (к данному случаю) - it is not a * life for you вы не должны так жить;
вам такая жизнь не подходит - * for a king (разговорное) наилучшего качества подобающий, достойный - to see /to think/ * считать нужным /целесообразным/ (часто ирон.) - do as you think * делайте, как вы считаете нужным - I am not * to be seen я не могу показаться;
я не одет - he doesn't think * to publish his results он считает опубликование результатов (работы) нецелесообразным - it is * that we should rejoice в таких случаях положено радоваться годный, способный - * for duty /for service/ годный к службе - * to carry arms способный носить оружие - he is * for nothing он ни на что не способен приспособленный - the survival of the *test выживание наиболее приспособленных готовый - they went on working until they were * to drop они работали до полного изнеможения - * to die of shame готовый сгореть со стыда - he was laughing * to burst himself он чуть не лопнул со смеху, он хохотал до упаду здоровый, бодрый - to feel * быть здоровым и бодрым - to keep * поддерживать форму;
быть в форме - he is not yet * to go back to work он еще не в состоянии вернуться на работу /приступить к работе/ - you don't look very * вы неважно выглядите > (as) * as a fiddle( быть) в добром здравии и хорошем настроении > * as a flea (быть) в отличной форме > not * to be touched with a barge-pol;
e /with a pair of tongs/ противно притронуться > not * to hold a candle to him не годится ему в подметки, не идет с ним ни в какое сравнение соответствовать, годиться - the words * the occasion эти /такие/ слова как раз здесь уместны - the punishment *s the crime наказание вполне соответствует преступлению - theories that * the facts теории, не идущие вразрез с фактами - to * the case соответствовать случаю подходить, быть впору - the key doesn't * the lock ключ не подходит к замку - the coat *s you пальто сидит на вас хорошо - your coat *s you too tight пальто вам узковато - tubes that * into one another трубки, вставляющиеся одна в другую - * together подходить /соответствовать/ друг другу совпадать, точно подходить - I shall be late because the trains don't * я опоздаю, потому что не успею сделать пересадку приспосабливать;
прилаживать, подгонять - to * a plank in a floor подогнать половицу - to * a handle to a broom приделать ручку к метле - to * a workshop for a certain purpose переоборудовать мастерскую для определенной цели - to * oneself (in) to one's surroundings приспособиться к окружающей обстановке - to * one's conduct to circumstances действовать сообразно обстоятельствам (for) подготавливать;
готовить или приучать( к чему-л.) - military training *s men for long marches военная подготовка приучает к длинным переходам - this school *s students for college это училище готовит учащихся к поступлению в колледжи - to * oneself for new duties подготовиться к выполнению новых обязанностей примерять;
пригонять, подгонять (одежду и т. п.) - to * a ring to the finger подобрать или подогнать кольцо по пальцу (with) снабжать, оснащать, экипировать - to * a library with new shelves оборудовать библиотеку новыми полками - to * a ship with new engines оснастить судно новыми машинами устанавливать, собирать, монтировать( австралийское) наказывать, карать в соответствии с совершенным преступлением > to * like a ball of wax плотно облегать > to * like a glove быть как раз /впору/;
полностью подходить > the cap *s не в бровь, а в глаз > to * the cap on принять на свой счет > to * to a T /to a tee/ подходить тютелька в тютельку > to * the bill быть тем, чем нужно > what do you want to eat? Will steak * the bill? что будете есть? Бифштекс подойдет /устроит/? припадок, приступ;
пароксизм - fainting * обморок - * of apoplexy апоплексический удар - hysterical * истерический припадок - * of coughing приступ кашля - he will have a * when he knows его удар хватит, когда он узнает об этом порыв, приступ, вспышка - * of rage приступ гнева - * of generosity порыв великодушия - he had a * of the laziness на него нашла лень - he has a drinking * on он запил - to have sudden *s of energy испытывать внезапные приливы энергии - he has *s of silence на него находит молчаливое настроение настроение - when the * is on him когда он в ударе /в настроении/ > by *s (and starts) неравномерно, рывками;
урывками > to beat /to knock/ smb. into *s легко победить /разбить наголову/ кого-л.;
легко справиться с кем-л. > to give smb. a * поразить, потрясти кого-л.;
возмутить, оскорбить кого-л. > to laugh oneself into *s хохотать до упаду > to scream oneself into *s отчаянно вопить > to throw a * (американизм) прийти в ярость /в бешенство/;
закатить истерику to be a good (bad) ~ хорошо (плохо) сидеть (о платье и т. п.) best ~ вчт. наиболее подходящая (запись при поиске) to throw a ~ разг. амер. встревожиться;
to knock (или to beat) (smb.) into fits полностью победить, разбить (кого-л.) ;
by fits and starts порывами, урывками ~ соответствовать, годиться, быть впору;
совпадать, точно соответствовать;
the coat fits well пальто сидит хорошо ~ достойный;
подобающий;
I am not fit to be seen я не могу показаться;
it is not fit не подобает;
do as you think fit делайте, как считаете нужным fit в хорошем состоянии, в хорошей форме ( о спортсмене) ;
сильный, здоровый;
to feel (или to keep) fit быть бодрым и здоровым first ~ вчт. метод первого подходящего fit в хорошем состоянии, в хорошей форме (о спортсмене) ;
сильный, здоровый;
to feel (или to keep) fit быть бодрым и здоровым ~ годный, подходящий;
соответствующий;
приспособленный;
fit time and place надлежащее время и место;
the food here isn't fit to eat пища здесь не съедобна ~ амер. разг. готовить (к поступлению в университет) ~ готовый, способный;
fit to die of shame готовый умереть со стыда;
I am fit for another mile я могу пройти еще милю ~ готовый ~ достойный;
подобающий;
I am not fit to be seen я не могу показаться;
it is not fit не подобает;
do as you think fit делайте, как считаете нужным ~ подгонка ~ вчт. подгонять ~ порыв, настроение;
a fit of energy прилив сил;
to give (smb.) a fit (или fits) разг. поразить, возмутить, оскорбить (кого-л.) ~ пригодный ~ тех. пригонка, посадка ~ прилаживать(ся) ;
приспосабливать(ся) ;
to fit oneself to new duties приготовиться к исполнению новых обязанностей ~ припадок, пароксизм, приступ;
fit of apoplexy апоплексия, удар ~ припадок, приступ, пароксизм ~ снабжать (with) ~ соответствовать, годиться, быть впору;
совпадать, точно соответствовать;
the coat fits well пальто сидит хорошо ~ способный ~ pl судороги, конвульсии;
истерия;
to scream oneself into fits = отчаянно вопить ~ устанавливать, монтировать (as) ~ as a fiddle в прекрасном настроении (as) ~ as a fiddle как нельзя лучше (as) ~ as a fiddle совершенно здоров ~ for running пригодный для работы ~ for running пригодный для эксплуатации ~ for work годный к работе ~ for work пригодный для работы ~ for work способный работать ~ in вставлять ~ in подгонять;
втискивать ~ in приспосабливать(ся) ;
приноравливать(ся) ;
подходить ~ up собирать, монтировать;
to fit like a glove быть как раз впору;
to fit like a ball of wax облегать, облипать;
to fit the bill отвечать всем требованиям ~ up собирать, монтировать;
to fit like a glove быть как раз впору;
to fit like a ball of wax облегать, облипать;
to fit the bill отвечать всем требованиям ~ припадок, пароксизм, приступ;
fit of apoplexy апоплексия, удар ~ порыв, настроение;
a fit of energy прилив сил;
to give (smb.) a fit (или fits) разг. поразить, возмутить, оскорбить (кого-л.) ~ on примерять, пригонять ~ прилаживать(ся) ;
приспосабливать(ся) ;
to fit oneself to new duties приготовиться к исполнению новых обязанностей ~ out австрал. наказывать, воздавать по заслугам ~ out обеспечивать ~ out оснащать ~ out снабжать ~ out снаряжать, снабжать необходимым, экипировать ~ out снаряжать ~ up собирать, монтировать;
to fit like a glove быть как раз впору;
to fit like a ball of wax облегать, облипать;
to fit the bill отвечать всем требованиям ~ годный, подходящий;
соответствующий;
приспособленный;
fit time and place надлежащее время и место;
the food here isn't fit to eat пища здесь не съедобна ~ готовый, способный;
fit to die of shame готовый умереть со стыда;
I am fit for another mile я могу пройти еще милю ~ up оборудовать ~ up оснащать ~ up отделывать ~ up снабжать;
оснащать;
the hotel is fitted up with all modern conveniences гостиница имеет все (современные) удобства ~ up снабжать ~ up собирать, монтировать;
to fit like a glove быть как раз впору;
to fit like a ball of wax облегать, облипать;
to fit the bill отвечать всем требованиям ~ up устанавливать ~ годный, подходящий;
соответствующий;
приспособленный;
fit time and place надлежащее время и место;
the food here isn't fit to eat пища здесь не съедобна ~ порыв, настроение;
a fit of energy прилив сил;
to give (smb.) a fit (или fits) разг. поразить, возмутить, оскорбить (кого-л.) ~ up снабжать;
оснащать;
the hotel is fitted up with all modern conveniences гостиница имеет все (современные) удобства ~ готовый, способный;
fit to die of shame готовый умереть со стыда;
I am fit for another mile я могу пройти еще милю ~ достойный;
подобающий;
I am not fit to be seen я не могу показаться;
it is not fit не подобает;
do as you think fit делайте, как считаете нужным ~ достойный;
подобающий;
I am not fit to be seen я не могу показаться;
it is not fit не подобает;
do as you think fit делайте, как считаете нужным to throw a ~ разг. амер. встревожиться;
to knock (или to beat) (smb.) into fits полностью победить, разбить (кого-л.) ;
by fits and starts порывами, урывками least-square ~ вчт. подбор методом наименьших квадратов ~ pl судороги, конвульсии;
истерия;
to scream oneself into fits = отчаянно вопить to throw a ~ разг. амер. встревожиться;
to knock (или to beat) (smb.) into fits полностью победить, разбить (кого-л.) ;
by fits and starts порывами, урывками to throw a ~ разг. разозлиться;
закатить истерику throw: to ~ the great cast сделать решительный шаг;
to throw a fit прийти в ярость;
закатить истерику -
7 Handley Page, Sir Frederick
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 15 November 1885 Cheltenham, Englandd. 21 April 1962 London, England[br]English aviation pioneer, specialist in large aircraft and developer of the slotted wing for safer slow flying.[br]Frederick Handley Page trained as an electrical engineer but soon turned his attention to the more exciting world of aeronautics. He started by manufacturing propellers for aeroplanes and airships, and then in 1909 he founded a public company. His first aeroplane, the Bluebird, was not a success, but an improved version flew well. It was known as the "Yellow Peril" because of its yellow doped finish and made a notable flight across London from Barking to Brooklands. In 1910 Handley Page became one of the first college lecturers in aeronautical engineering. During the First World War Handley Page concentrated on the production of large bombers. The 0/100 was a biplane with a wing span of 100 ft (30 m) and powered by two engines: it entered service in 1916. In 1918 an improved version, the 0/400, entered service and a larger four-engined bomber made its first flight. This was the V/1500, which was designed to bomb Berlin, but the war ended before this raid took place. After the war, Handley Page turned his attention to airline operations with the great advantage of having at his disposal large bombers which could be adapted to carry passengers. Handley Page Air Transport Ltd was formed in 1919 and provided services to several European cities. Eventually this company became part of Imperial Airways, but Handley Page continued to supply them with large airliners. Probably the most famous was the majestic HP 42 four-engined biplane, which set very high standards of comfort and safety. Safety was always important to Handley Page and in 1920 he developed a wing with a slot along the leading edge: this made slow flying safer by delaying the stall. Later versions used separate aerofoil-shaped slats on the leading edge that were sometimes fixed, sometimes retractable. The HP 42 was fitted with these slats. From the 1930s Handley Page produced a series of bombers, such as the Heyford, Hampden, Harrow and, most famous of all, the Halifax, which played a major role in the Second World War. Then followed the Victor V-bomber of 1952 with its distinctive "crescent" wing and high tailplane. Sir Frederick's last venture was the Herald short-haul airliner of 1955; designed to replace the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3, it was only a limited success.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1942. CBE 1918. Lord Lieutenant of the County of Middlesex 1956–60. Honorary Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society.Bibliography1950, "Towards slower and safer flying, improved take-off and landing and cheaper airports", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society.Further ReadingTwo accounts of Handley Page's life and work were published in the Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society December 1962 and July 1964.D.C.Clayton, 1970, Handley Page: An Aircraft Album, London (for details of his aircraft).C.H.Barnes, 1976, Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Handley Page, Sir Frederick
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8 Johnson, Clarence Leonard (Kelly)
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 27 February 1910 Michigan, USAd. 21 December 1990 Burbank County, California, USA[br]American aircraft designer responsible for many outstanding Lockheed aircraft over a period of almost forty-eight years.[br]The large and successful Lockheed Aircraft Corporation grew out of a small company founded by Allan and Malcolm Loughhead (pronounced "Lockheed") in 1913. The company employed many notable designers such as Jack Northrop, Jerry Vultee and Lloyd Stearman, but the most productive was "Kelly" Johnson. After studying aeronautical engineering at the University of Michigan, Johnson joined Lockheed in 1933 and gained experience in all the branches of the design department. By 1938 he had been appointed Chief Research Engineer and became involved with the design of the P-38 Lightning twin-boom fighter and the Constellation airliner. In 1943 he set up a super-secret research and development organization called Advanced Development Projects, but this soon became known as the "Skunk Works": the name came from a very mysterious factory which made potions from skunks in the popular comic strip Li'lAbner. The first aircraft designed and built by Johnson's small hand-picked team was the XP-80 Shooting Star prototype jet fighter, which was produced in just 143 days: it became the United States' first production jet fighter. At this stage the Skunk Works produced a prototype, then the main Lockheed factories took over the production run. The F-104 Starfighter and the C-130 Hercules transport were produced in this way and became widely used in many countries. In 1954 work began on the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft which was so secret that production was carried out within the Skunk Works. This made the headlines in 1960 when one was shot down over Russia. Probably the most outstanding of Johnson's designs was the SR-71 Blackbird of 1964, a reconnaissance aircraft capable of flying at Mach 3 (three times the speed of sound). Johnson was not only a great designer, he was also an outstanding manager, and his methods—including his "14 Rules"—have been widely followed. He retired from the Lockheed board in 1980, having been involved in the design of some forty aircraft.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Medal of Freedom (the highest United States award for a civilian) 1964.Further ReadingObituary, 1991, Aerospace (Royal Aeronautical Society) (March).B.R.Rich, 1989, "The Skunk Works" management style: it's no secret', Aerospace (Royal Aeronautical Society) (March) (Rich was Johnson's successor).Details of Lockheed aircraft can be found in several publications, e.g.: R.J.Francillon, 1982, Lockheed Aircraft since 1913, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Johnson, Clarence Leonard (Kelly)
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