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  • 21 пълномощие

    power, authority; power of attorney; plenary powers; commission
    юр. proxy; procuration
    превишавам пълномощията си go beyond o.'s commission; exceed o.'s instructions
    комисия по пълномощията (при конгрес и пр.) credentials committee
    * * *
    пълномо̀щие,
    ср., -я power, authority; power of attorney; plenary powers; commission; юр. proxy; procuration; давам \пълномощиея на някого empower s.o.; извънредни \пълномощиея extraordinary powers; комисия по \пълномощиеята ( към конгрес и пр.) credentials committee; по \пълномощиее by proxy; превишавам \пълномощиеята си go beyond o.’s commission; exceed o.’s instructions.
    * * *
    authority: The manager went beyond his пълномощие. - Мениджърът надвиши пълномощията си.; deputation; warrant{`wOrxnt}; jurisdiction
    * * *
    1. power, authority;power of attorney;plenary powers;commission 2. давам пълномощия на някого empower s.o. 3. извънредни пълномощия extraordinary powers 4. комисия по пълномощията (при конгрес и пр.) credentials committee 5. по ПЪЛНОМОЩИЕ by proxy 6. превишавам пълномощията си go beyond o.'s commission;exceed o.'s instructions 7. юр. proxy;procuration

    Български-английски речник > пълномощие

  • 22 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 23 voluntad

    f.
    1 will, willpower.
    tiene mucha/poca (fuerza de) voluntad she has a very strong/weak will
    2 will (deseo).
    no existe la voluntad política de resolver el problema there isn't the political will to solve the problem
    contra la voluntad de alguien against somebody's will
    por causas ajenas a mi voluntad for reasons beyond my control
    por voluntad propia of one's own free will
    última voluntad last will and testament
    3 intention.
    mala voluntad ill will
    buena voluntad goodwill
    4 free will.
    ¿qué le debo? — la voluntad what do I owe you? — whatever you think fit
    5 bulesis.
    * * *
    1 (cualidad) will
    3 (deseo) wish
    4 (propósito) intention, purpose
    5 (afecto) affection
    \
    a voluntad at will
    ganarse la voluntad de alguien to win somebody over
    hacer uno su santa voluntad familiar to have one's way, do as one likes
    hágase tu voluntad RELIGIÓN Thy will be done
    por causas ajenas a nuestra voluntad due to reasons beyond our control
    ¿qué quiere? -la voluntad ¿what do you want? -whatever you think right
    buena voluntad goodwill
    última voluntad last wish
    voluntad de Dios God's will
    voluntad de hierro / voluntad férrea will of iron, iron will
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) will
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=capacidad decisoria) will
    2) (=deseo) wish

    no lo dije con voluntad de ofenderle — I did not say it with any wish to offend you, I had no desire to offend you

    última voluntad — last wish; (Jur) last will and testament

    hágase tu voluntad — (Rel) Thy will be done

    3) (=determinación) (tb: fuerza de voluntad) willpower

    le cuesta, pero tiene mucha voluntad — it's difficult for him, but he has a lot of willpower o a strong will

    voluntad de hierro, voluntad férrea — iron will

    4) (=disposición) will

    • buena voluntad, lo solucionaremos con un poco de buena voluntad — with a bit of good will we'll find a solution

    lo sugerí con buena voluntad — I suggested it with the best of intentions, I suggested it in good faith

    los hombres de buena voluntad — (Rel) men of goodwill

    • mala voluntad, hay muy mala voluntad contra el presidente — there is a lot of ill will against the president

    - ganarse la voluntad de algn
    5)

    •a voluntad — at will

    6)

    —

    -¿cuánto es? -la voluntad — "how much is it?" - "as much as you think it's worth"

    7) † (=afecto) fondness, affection

    tener voluntad a algn — to be fond of sb, feel affection for sb

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( facultad) will
    b) ( deseo) wish

    voluntad de + inf — wish to + inf

    hágase tu voluntad — (Relig) Thy will be done

    a voluntad: se puede comer a voluntad you can eat to your heart's content; la donación es a voluntad — donations are at one's discretion

    3) (disposición, intención)

    ganarse la voluntad de alguien — to win somebody's favor*

    * * *
    = will.
    Ex. 'I only wanted to write an interesting tale,' he will say, ignoring that the interest of a story almost always comes from seeing the human will in action -- against chaos or against order.
    ----
    * acomodarse a la voluntad de Alguien = bend itself to + Posesivo + will.
    * a voluntad = at will.
    * buena voluntad = goodwill [good will].
    * con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.
    * contra la voluntad de Alguien = against + Posesivo + will.
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * falta de voluntad = reluctance.
    * fuerza de voluntad = force of will, willpower [will power].
    * mala voluntad = ill will.
    * por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.
    * por voluntad propia = voluntarily.
    * voluntad de hierro = iron will, will of iron.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.
    * voluntad de ocultar Algo = secretiveness.
    * voluntad férrea = iron will, will of iron.
    * voluntad personal = personal will.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( facultad) will
    b) ( deseo) wish

    voluntad de + inf — wish to + inf

    hágase tu voluntad — (Relig) Thy will be done

    a voluntad: se puede comer a voluntad you can eat to your heart's content; la donación es a voluntad — donations are at one's discretion

    3) (disposición, intención)

    ganarse la voluntad de alguien — to win somebody's favor*

    * * *
    = will.

    Ex: 'I only wanted to write an interesting tale,' he will say, ignoring that the interest of a story almost always comes from seeing the human will in action -- against chaos or against order.

    * acomodarse a la voluntad de Alguien = bend itself to + Posesivo + will.
    * a voluntad = at will.
    * buena voluntad = goodwill [good will].
    * con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.
    * contra la voluntad de Alguien = against + Posesivo + will.
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * falta de voluntad = reluctance.
    * fuerza de voluntad = force of will, willpower [will power].
    * mala voluntad = ill will.
    * por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.
    * por voluntad propia = voluntarily.
    * voluntad de hierro = iron will, will of iron.
    * voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.
    * voluntad de ocultar Algo = secretiveness.
    * voluntad férrea = iron will, will of iron.
    * voluntad personal = personal will.

    * * *
    A
    1 (facultad) will
    2 (deseo) wish
    debemos respetar su voluntad we must respect their wishes
    por expresa voluntad de los familiares by express wish of the family
    lo hago contra mi voluntad I'm doing it against my will
    siempre tiene que hacer su santa voluntad he always has to have his (own) way o to have things his way
    renunció al cargo por propia voluntad he resigned from the post of his own free will o of his own volition
    la voluntad política del pueblo the political will o wishes of the people
    voluntad DE + INF wish to + INF
    sin voluntad de ofender without wishing to offend anyone
    reiteró su voluntad de dejar los hábitos he reaffirmed his wish to leave the priesthood
    por causas ajenas a nuestra voluntad for reasons beyond our control
    hágase tu voluntad ( Relig) Thy will be done
    a voluntad: se puede comer y beber a voluntad you can eat and drink to your heart's content
    no tienes que hacerlo si no quieres, es a voluntad you don't have to do it if you don't want to, it's entirely up to you
    la donación es a voluntad donations are at one's discretion
    la voluntad ( Esp): ¿cuánto le debo? — la voluntad how much is it? — whatever you like o whatever you can spare
    Compuesto:
    divine will, God's will
    no tiene voluntad para dejar la bebida he doesn't have the willpower to give up drinking
    es un hombre de mucha voluntad he has great willpower o determination
    Compuesto:
    will of iron, iron will
    C
    (disposición, intención): lo hice con mi mejor voluntad I did it with the best of intentions
    paz a los hombres de buena voluntad peace to men of goodwill
    agradezco tu buena voluntad pero prefiero hacerlo sola I appreciate your willingness to help but I'd prefer to do it on my own
    lo dijo con mala voluntad she was trying to cause trouble when she said it, she said it with evil intent ( frml)
    ganarse la voluntad de algn to win sb's favor*
    * * *

     

    voluntad sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) ( deseo) wish;


    lo hizo por (su) propia voluntad he did it of his own free will;
    manifestó su voluntad de renunciar he expressed his wish to resign;
    por causas ajenas a su voluntad for reasons beyond his control
    2 ( firmeza de intención) tb

    3 (disposición, intención):

    agradezco tu buena voluntad I appreciate your willingness to help;
    mostrar buena voluntad hacia algn to show goodwill to o toward(s) sb
    voluntad sustantivo femenino
    1 will
    por mi propia voluntad, of my own free will
    fuerza de voluntad, willpower
    2 (deseo) wish
    contra la voluntad de su madre, against his mother's wishes
    última voluntad, last wish
    3 (intención) con su mejor voluntad, with the best of intentions
    ' voluntad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ajena
    - ajeno
    - arbitrio
    - disposición
    - férrea
    - férreo
    - flaquear
    - gana
    - grado
    - pueblo
    - santa
    - santo
    - someterse
    - coartar
    - debilitar
    - dispuesto
    - fuerza
    - inquebrantable
    - querer
    - último
    English:
    afraid
    - break
    - goodwill
    - inclination
    - iron
    - strength
    - strong-willed
    - unwillingness
    - volition
    - weak-willed
    - will
    - willingness
    - willpower
    - would
    - beyond
    - control
    - free
    - gesture
    - good
    - impose
    - voluntarily
    - willingly
    - wish
    * * *
    1. [determinación] will, willpower;
    tiene mucha/poca (fuerza de) voluntad she has a very strong/weak will;
    no lo conseguirá por falta de voluntad she'll never manage it because she hasn't got the willpower;
    pone mucha voluntad en su trabajo she's a very willing worker
    voluntad férrea iron will;
    2. [deseo] will, wishes;
    no existe la voluntad política de resolver el problema there isn't the political will to solve the problem;
    expresaron su voluntad de entregar las armas they said they were willing to hand over their weapons;
    no era ésa mi voluntad that wasn't my intention, that's not what I wanted;
    contra la voluntad de alguien against sb's will;
    no podemos ir contra la voluntad popular we cannot go against the popular will;
    hágase tu voluntad Thy will be done;
    al final impuso su voluntad she got her way in the end;
    por causas ajenas a mi voluntad for reasons beyond my control;
    por voluntad de alguien: fue arquitecto por voluntad de su padre he was an architect because that's what his father wanted;
    dimitió por voluntad propia she resigned of her own free will o of her own volition;
    última voluntad last will and testament;
    Fam
    hizo su santa voluntad he did just as he pleased
    3. [intención] intention;
    buena voluntad goodwill;
    gentes de buena voluntad people of goodwill;
    mala voluntad ill will
    4. [albedrío] free will;
    puedes usarlo a voluntad you can use it as much as you like;
    lo dejo a tu voluntad I'll leave it up to you;
    ¿qué le debo? – la voluntad what do I owe you? – whatever you think fit
    * * *
    f will;
    buena/mala voluntad good/ill will;
    voluntad de hierro fig iron will;
    última voluntad last wish;
    por voluntad propia of one’s own free will;
    a voluntad at will
    * * *
    1) : will, volition
    2) deseo: desire, wish
    3) intención: intention
    4)
    a voluntad : at will
    5)
    buena voluntad : good will
    6)
    mala voluntad : ill will
    7)
    fuerza de voluntad : will-power
    * * *
    1. (capacidad) will
    2. (deseo) wish

    Spanish-English dictionary > voluntad

  • 24 control

    1. noun
    1) (power of directing, restraint) Kontrolle, die (of über + Akk.); (management) Leitung, die

    governmental control — Regierungsgewalt, die

    have control of something — die Kontrolle über etwas (Akk.) haben; (take decisions) für etwas zuständig sein

    take control of — die Kontrolle übernehmen über (+ Akk.)

    be in control [of something] — die Kontrolle [über etwas (Akk.)] haben

    [go or get] out of control — außer Kontrolle [geraten]

    [get something] under control — [etwas] unter Kontrolle [bringen]

    lose/regain control of oneself — die Beherrschung verlieren/wiedergewinnen

    have some/complete/no control over something — eine gewisse/die absolute/keine Kontrolle über etwas (Akk.) haben

    2) (device) Regler, der

    controls — (as a group) Schalttafel, die; (of TV, stereo system) Bedienungstafel, die

    be at the controls — [Fahrer, Pilot:] am Steuer sitzen

    2. transitive verb,
    - ll-
    1) (have control of) kontrollieren; steuern, lenken [Auto]

    he controls the financial side of things — er ist für die Finanzen zuständig

    controlling interest — (Commerc.) Mehrheitsbeteiligung, die

    2) (hold in check) beherrschen; zügeln [Zorn, Ungeduld, Temperament]; (regulate) kontrollieren; regulieren [Geschwindigkeit, Temperatur]; einschränken [Export, Ausgaben]; regeln [Verkehr]
    * * *
    [kən'trəul] 1. noun
    1) (the right of directing or of giving orders; power or authority: She has control over all the decisions in that department; She has no control over that dog.) die Kontrolle
    2) (the act of holding back or restraining: control of prices; I know you're angry but you must not lose control (of yourself).) die Kontrolle
    3) ((often in plural) a lever, button etc which operates (a machine etc): The clutch and accelerator are foot controls in a car.) die Regulierung
    4) (a point or place at which an inspection takes place: passport control.) die Kontrolle
    2. verb
    1) (to direct or guide; to have power or authority over: The captain controls the whole ship; Control your dog!) beherrschen
    2) (to hold back; to restrain (oneself or one's emotions etc): Control yourself!) beherrschen
    3) (to keep to a fixed standard: The government is controlling prices.) kontrollieren
    •
    - academic.ru/15792/controller">controller
    - control-tower
    - in control of
    - in control
    - out of control
    - under control
    * * *
    con·trol
    [kənˈtrəʊl, AM -ˈtroʊl]
    I. n
    1. no pl (command) Kontrolle f; of a country, of a people Gewalt f, Macht f, Herrschaft f; of a company Leitung, f
    he's got no \control over that child of his er hat sein Kind überhaupt nicht im Griff
    the junta took \control of the country die Junta hat die Gewalt über das Land übernommen
    to be in \control of sth etw unter Kontrolle haben; a territory etw in seiner Gewalt haben
    he's firmly in \control of the company er hält in der Firma die Fäden fest in der Hand
    to be in full \control of sth völlig die Kontrolle über etw akk haben
    we're in full \control of the situation wir sind vollkommen Herr der Lage
    to be out of [or beyond] \control außer Kontrolle sein
    to be under \control unter Kontrolle sein
    don't worry, everything is under \control! keine Sorge, wir haben alles im Griff!
    to be under the \control of sb MIL unter jds Kommando stehen
    to bring [or get] a fire under \control ein Feuer unter Kontrolle bringen
    to exert [or ( form) exercise] \control over sb/sth jdn/etw beherrschen
    to get [or go] [or run] out of \control außer Kontrolle geraten
    the car/fire went out of \control der Wagen/das Feuer geriet außer Kontrolle
    to lose \control over sth die Kontrolle [o Gewalt] über etw akk verlieren
    to gain/lose \control of a company die Leitung eines Unternehmens übernehmen/abgeben müssen
    to slip out of sb's \control nicht mehr in jds Macht liegen, jds Kontrolle entgleiten
    to wrest \control of a town from sb jdm die Herrschaft über eine Stadt entreißen
    ball \control SPORT Ballführung f
    2. no pl (self-restraint) Selbstbeherrschung f
    to be in \control of one's emotions seine Gefühle unter Kontrolle haben, Herr seiner Gefühle sein
    3. (means of regulating) Kontrolle f
    ▪ \controls on sth Kontrolle f einer S. gen
    arms \control Rüstungsbegrenzung f
    birth \control Geburtenkontrolle f
    price \controls Preiskontrollen pl
    rent \controls Mietpreisbindung f
    traffic \control Verkehrsregelung f
    quality \control Qualitätskontrolle f
    wage \controls Gehaltskontrollen pl
    to impose [or introduce] /tighten \controls Kontrollen einführen/konsolidieren
    the government has recently imposed strict \controls on dog ownership die Regierung macht den Hundehaltern neuerdings strenge Auflagen
    4. TECH Schalter m, Regler m
    the co-pilot was at the \controls when the plane landed der Kopilot steuerte das Flugzeug bei der Landung
    to take over the \controls die Steuerung übernehmen
    \control panel Schalttafel f
    volume \control Lautstärkeregler m
    5. no pl (checkpoint) Kontrolle f
    customs/passport \control Zoll-/Passkontrolle f
    to go through customs \control die Zollkontrolle passieren geh, durch den Zoll gehen fam
    6. (person) Kontrollperson f
    \control [group] Kontrollgruppe f
    7. COMPUT Steuerung f, Control f
    \control-F2 Steuerung [o Strg] -F2
    8. (base)
    \control [room] Zentrale f
    \control tower AVIAT Kontrollturm m
    9. (in an intelligence organization) Agentenführer(in) m(f)
    II. vt
    <- ll->
    ▪ to \control sth etw kontrollieren
    to \control a business ein Geschäft führen
    to \control a car ein Auto steuern
    to \control a company eine Firma leiten
    the car is difficult to \control at high speeds bei hoher Geschwindigkeit gerät der Wagen leicht außer Kontrolle
    the whole territory is now \controlled by the army das ganze Gebiet steht jetzt unter Kontrolle der Streitkräfte
    ▪ to \control sth etw regulieren [o kontrollieren]
    many biological processes are \controlled by hormones viele biologische Prozesse werden von Hormonen gesteuert
    the laws \controlling drugs are very strict in this country hierzulande ist das Arzneimittelgesetz sehr streng
    to \control a blaze/an epidemic ein Feuer/eine Epidemie unter Kontrolle bringen
    to \control inflation die Inflation eindämmen
    to \control pain Schmerzen in Schach halten
    to \control prices/spending Preise/Ausgaben regulieren
    3. (as to emotions)
    ▪ to \control sb/sth jdn/etw beherrschen
    I was so furious I couldn't \control myself ich war so wütend, dass ich mich nicht mehr beherrschen konnte
    to \control one's anger seinen Zorn mäßigen
    to \control one's feelings seine Gefühle akk unter Kontrolle haben
    to \control one's temper/urge sein Temperament/Verlangen zügeln
    4. TECH
    ▪ to \control sth temperature, volume etw regulieren
    the knob \controls the volume der Knopf regelt die Lautstärke
    the traffic lights are \controlled by a computer die Ampeln werden von einem Computer gesteuert
    5.
    ▶ to \control the purse strings das Geld zusammenhalten, den Daumen draufhalten sl
    * * *
    [kən'trəʊl]
    1. n
    1) no pl (= management, supervision) Aufsicht f (of über +acc); (of money, fortune) Verwaltung f (
    of +gen); (of situation, emotion, language) Beherrschung f ( of +gen); (= self-control) (Selbst)beherrschung f; (= physical control) (Körper)beherrschung f ( of +gen); (= authority, power) Gewalt f, Macht f (over über +acc); (over territory) Gewalt f (over über +acc = regulation, of prices, disease, inflation) Kontrolle f ( of +gen); (of traffic) Regelung f ( of +gen); (of pollution) Einschränkung f ( of +gen)

    to have control of sb — jdn unter Kontrolle haben; children jdn beaufsichtigen

    to be in control of one's emotions — Herr über seine Gefühle sein, Herr seiner Gefühle sein

    she has no control over how the money is spent/what her children do — sie hat keinen Einfluss darauf, wie das Geld ausgegeben wird/was ihre Kinder machen

    to lose control (of sth) — etw nicht mehr in der Hand haben, (über etw acc ) die Gewalt or Herrschaft verlieren; of business die Kontrolle (über etw acc ) verlieren; of car die Kontrolle or Herrschaft (über etw acc ) verlieren

    to be/get out of control (child, class) — außer Rand und Band sein/geraten; (situation) außer Kontrolle sein/geraten; (car) nicht mehr zu halten sein; (inflation, prices, disease, pollution) sich jeglicher Kontrolle (dat) entziehen/nicht mehr zu halten or zu bremsen (inf) sein; (fire) nicht unter Kontrolle sein/außer Kontrolle geraten

    the car spun out of control —

    to bring or get sth under control — etw unter Kontrolle bringen; situation Herr einer Sache (gen) werden; car etw in seine Gewalt bringen

    to be under control — unter Kontrolle sein; (children, class) sich benehmen; (car) (wieder) lenkbar sein

    everything or the situation is under control — wir/sie etc haben die Sache im Griff (inf)

    the situation was beyond their control —

    2) (= check) Kontrolle f (
    on +gen, über +acc)

    wage/price controls — Lohn-/Preiskontrolle f

    3) (= control room) die Zentrale; (AVIAT) der Kontrollturm
    4) (= knob, switch) Regler m; (of vehicle, machine) Schalter m

    to be at the controls (of spaceship, airliner) — am Kontrollpult sitzen; (of small plane, car) die Steuerung haben

    5) (SCI: person) Kontrollperson f; (= animal) Kontrolltier nt; (= group) Kontrollgruppe f
    6) (SPIRITUALISM) Geist einer Persönlichkeit, dessen Äußerungen das Medium wiedergibt
    7) (COMPUT) Steuerung f
    2. vt
    1) (= direct, manage) kontrollieren; business führen, leiten, unter sich (dat) haben; sea beherrschen; organization in der Hand haben; animal, child, class fertig werden mit; car steuern, lenken; traffic regeln; emotions, movements beherrschen, unter Kontrolle halten; hair bändigen

    to control oneself/one's temper — sich beherrschen

    control yourself! — nimm dich zusammen!

    please try to control your children/dog — bitte sehen Sie zu, dass sich Ihre Kinder benehmen/sich Ihr Hund benimmt

    2) (= regulate, check) prices, rents, growth etc kontrollieren; temperature, speed regulieren; disease unter Kontrolle bringen; population eindämmen, im Rahmen halten
    * * *
    control [kənˈtrəʊl]
    A v/t
    1. beherrschen, die Herrschaft oder Kontrolle haben über (akk), etwas in der Hand haben, gebieten über (akk):
    the company controls the entire industry die Gesellschaft beherrscht die gesamte Industrie;
    control the race SPORT das Rennen kontrollieren;
    controlling company WIRTSCH Muttergesellschaft f;
    controlling interest WIRTSCH maßgebliche Beteiligung, ausschlaggebender Kapitalanteil;
    controlling shareholder (bes US stockholder) WIRTSCH Besitzer(in) der Aktienmajorität, maßgebliche(r) Aktionär(in)
    2. in Schranken halten, einer Sache Herr werden, Einhalt gebieten (dat), (erfolgreich) bekämpfen, eindämmen:
    control o.s. ( oder one’s temper) sich beherrschen
    3. kontrollieren:
    a) überwachen, beaufsichtigen
    b) (nach)prüfen:
    control an experiment ein Experiment durch Gegenversuche kontrollieren
    4. regeln:
    5. leiten, lenken, führen, verwalten
    6. WIRTSCH (staatlich) bewirtschaften, planen, dirigieren, den Absatz, Konsum, die Kaufkraft etc lenken, die Preise binden:
    controlled economy gelenkte Wirtschaft, Planwirtschaft f
    7. ELEK, TECH steuern, regeln, regulieren, eine Maschine etc bedienen:
    controlled by compressed air druckluftgesteuert;
    controlled rocket gesteuerte Rakete;
    controlled ventilation regulierbare Lüftung
    B s
    1. (of, over) Beherrschung f (gen) (auch fig), Macht f, Gewalt f, Kontrolle f, Herrschaft f (über akk):
    be in control of o.s. sich in der Gewalt haben;
    bring ( oder get) under control Herr werden (gen), unter Kontrolle bringen;
    get control of one’s life sein Leben in den Griff bekommen;
    get control over in seine Gewalt oder in die Hand bekommen;
    get beyond sb’s control jemandem über den Kopf wachsen;
    get out of control außer Kontrolle geraten, (Diskussion etc) ausufern;
    circumstances beyond our control unvorhersehbare Umstände, Fälle höherer Gewalt;
    a) → A 1,
    b) Gewalt über jemanden haben;
    have the situation under control Herr der Lage sein, die Lage beherrschen;
    keep under control im Zaum halten, fest in der Hand haben;
    lose control die Herrschaft oder Gewalt oder Kontrolle verlieren (over, of über eine Partei, ein Auto etc);
    lose control of o.s. die Beherrschung verlieren
    2. Selbstbeherrschung f:
    3. Körperbeherrschung f
    4. (of, over) Aufsicht f, Kontrolle f (über akk), Überwachung f (gen):
    government ( oder state) control staatliche Aufsicht;
    be in control of sth etwas leiten oder unter sich haben;
    be under sb’s control jemandem unterstehen oder unterstellt sein
    5. Leitung f, Verwaltung f (eines Unternehmens etc)
    6. WIRTSCH
    a) (Kapital-, Konsum-, Kaufkraft- etc) Lenkung f
    b) (Devisen- etc) Bewirtschaftung f
    7. JUR
    a) Gewahrsam m
    b) Verfügungsgewalt f (of, over über akk)
    c) auch parental control elterliche Gewalt (of, over über akk):
    place sb under control jemanden unter Vormundschaft stellen
    8. Bekämpfung f, Eindämmung f
    9. ELEK, TECH Steuerung f, Bedienung f
    10. TECH Bedienungselement n:
    be at the controls fig das Sagen haben, an den (Schalt-)Hebeln der Macht sitzen
    11. ELEK, TECH
    a) Regelung f, Regulierung f
    b) Regler m
    12. pl FLUG Steuerung f, Leitwerk n, Steuerzüge pl
    13. a) Kontrolle f, Anhaltspunkt m
    b) Vergleichswert m
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (power of directing, restraint) Kontrolle, die (of über + Akk.); (management) Leitung, die

    governmental control — Regierungsgewalt, die

    have control of something — die Kontrolle über etwas (Akk.) haben; (take decisions) für etwas zuständig sein

    take control of — die Kontrolle übernehmen über (+ Akk.)

    be in control [of something] — die Kontrolle [über etwas (Akk.)] haben

    [go or get] out of control — außer Kontrolle [geraten]

    [get something] under control — [etwas] unter Kontrolle [bringen]

    lose/regain control of oneself — die Beherrschung verlieren/wiedergewinnen

    have some/complete/no control over something — eine gewisse/die absolute/keine Kontrolle über etwas (Akk.) haben

    2) (device) Regler, der

    controls — (as a group) Schalttafel, die; (of TV, stereo system) Bedienungstafel, die

    be at the controls — [Fahrer, Pilot:] am Steuer sitzen

    2. transitive verb,
    - ll-
    1) (have control of) kontrollieren; steuern, lenken [Auto]

    controlling interest — (Commerc.) Mehrheitsbeteiligung, die

    2) (hold in check) beherrschen; zügeln [Zorn, Ungeduld, Temperament]; (regulate) kontrollieren; regulieren [Geschwindigkeit, Temperatur]; einschränken [Export, Ausgaben]; regeln [Verkehr]
    * * *
    n.
    Bedienungselement n.
    Beherrschung f.
    Kontrolle f.
    Lenkung -en f.
    Steuerung f. v.
    ansteuern v.
    beherrschen v.
    kontrollieren v.
    steuern v.

    English-german dictionary > control

  • 25 trascender

    v.
    1 to leak out.
    La noticia trascendió The news leaked out.
    2 to transcend, to project.
    Su poder trasciende lo imaginable His power transcends the imaginable.
    El invento trasciende The invention transcends.
    3 to transcend, to go beyond, to be beyond, to go beyond the limits of.
    Su poder trasciende lo imaginable His power transcends the imaginable.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ ENTENDER], like link=entender entender
    1 (olor - despedir) to smell; (- llegar hasta) to reach
    2 (darse a conocer) to become known, leak out
    3 (extenderse) to spread, have a wide effect
    1 (averiguar) to discover, bring to light
    \
    trascender a la opinión pública to become common knowledge
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=conocerse) to leak out, get out
    2) (=propagarse)
    3) (=ir más allá)

    trascender de algo — to transcend sth, go beyond sth

    4) (Fil) to transcend
    5) † (=oler) to smell (a of)
    (=heder) to reek (a of)
    2.
    VT to transcend, go beyond

    esto trasciende los confines de la razón — it transcends o goes beyond the boundaries of reason

    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (period) ( darse a conocer)

    ha trascendido que... — it has emerged that...

    b) (frml) ( extenderse)

    trascender A algo — influencia/popularidad to extend to something

    trascender DE algo — to transcend something (frml), to go beyond something

    esto trasciende de lo puramente filosófico — this transcends o goes beyond the purely philosophical

    2.
    trascender vt to go beyond, transcend (frml)
    * * *
    = carry + implications, transcend.
    Ex. The merging of synonyms carries implications for the effectiveness of the index in terms of precision and recall.
    Ex. Why do only Catholics, Jews, Negroes, and women transcend their particular nationality?.
    ----
    * trascender a = cut across.
    * trascender fronteras = transcend + boundaries.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (period) ( darse a conocer)

    ha trascendido que... — it has emerged that...

    b) (frml) ( extenderse)

    trascender A algo — influencia/popularidad to extend to something

    trascender DE algo — to transcend something (frml), to go beyond something

    esto trasciende de lo puramente filosófico — this transcends o goes beyond the purely philosophical

    2.
    trascender vt to go beyond, transcend (frml)
    * * *
    = carry + implications, transcend.

    Ex: The merging of synonyms carries implications for the effectiveness of the index in terms of precision and recall.

    Ex: Why do only Catholics, Jews, Negroes, and women transcend their particular nationality?.
    * trascender a = cut across.
    * trascender fronteras = transcend + boundaries.

    * * *
    trascender [E8 ]
    vi
    A
    1 ( period)
    «noticia»: según ha trascendido according to reports
    ha trascendido que … it has emerged that …
    el caso ha trascendido a la opinión pública the case has come to public notice o to the attention of the public
    hasta ahora no ha trascendido el nombre del nuevo inspector the name of the new inspector has not yet been made known, it is not yet known who is to be the new inspector
    desean evitar que el suceso trascienda they want to avoid news of what has happened leaking out
    2 ( frml) (extenderse) trascender A algo to pervade sth, extend TO sth
    este descontento ha trascendido a todas las capas de la sociedad this discontent has pervaded all levels of society
    su influencia trasciende a los países más remotos its influence extends to even the remotest countries
    3 (ir más allá) trascender DE algo to transcend sth ( frml), to go beyond sth
    esto trasciende de lo puramente filosófico this transcends o goes beyond the purely philosophical
    con ello ha trascendido del ámbito de su autoridad in this he has overstepped his authority
    B ( Fil) to transcend
    ■ trascender
    vt
    to go beyond, transcend ( frml)
    esto trasciende las fronteras de lo creíble this goes beyond the bounds of credibility
    su fama trasciende nuestras fronteras her fame has spread beyond our borders
    * * *

    trascender ( conjugate trascender) verbo intransitivo ( ir más allá) trascender DE algo to transcend sth (frml), to go beyond sth
    verbo transitivo
    to go beyond, transcend (frml)
    trascender
    I vi (salir a la luz, ser conocido) to become known, get out
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (exceder) to go beyond: el problema trasciende los límites de mis competencias, the problem is outside my area of responsibility
    2 Fil to transcend
    ' trascender' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    transcender
    English:
    cut across
    - transcend
    - cut
    * * *
    trascender, transcender
    ♦ vi
    1. [noticia] [difundirse] to become known;
    la noticia trascendió a la prensa the news leaked out to the press;
    el enfermo, según trascendió ayer, se halla grave the patient's condition, it emerged yesterday, is serious;
    sólo ha trascendido que se prepara un desembarco all we have heard so far is that a landing is being prepared;
    que no trascienda don't let on about it, don't let it get about
    2. [efectos, consecuencias] to spread (a to);
    el cambio ha trascendido a amplias capas de la población the change has spread to a large part of the population
    3. [sobrepasar]
    trascender de to transcend, to go beyond;
    un tema que trasciende del ámbito familiar a subject that extends beyond the family circle
    ♦ vt
    [ir más allá de] to go beyond, to transcend;
    una costumbre que trasciende las fronteras a custom that goes beyond national borders;
    un problema que trascendió el ámbito nacional a problem that went beyond the national level
    * * *
    I v/i
    1 de noticia get out
    2
    :
    II v/t transcend
    * * *
    trascender {56} vi
    1) : to leak out, to become known
    2) : to spread, to have a wide effect
    3)
    trascender a : to smell of
    la casa trascendía a flores: the house smelled of flowers
    4)
    trascender de : to transcend, to go beyond
    : to transcend

    Spanish-English dictionary > trascender

  • 26 С-178

    HE В СИЛАХ PrepP Invar used without negation to convey the opposite meaning)
    1. ( subj-compl with copula ( subj: usu. human, collect, animal, or мозг, сердце etc) or part of detached modif
    usu. used with infin) a person (a group of people etc) does not have the capability to do sth. (because of inadequate physical or emotional strength, a lack of means, low status etc)
    X не в силах делать Y = X lacks (doesn't have) the strength (the power) to do Y
    X cannot (is (quite) unable to) do Y X is incapable of doing Y Y is more than X can handle (take, bear) Y is too much for X X is powerless to do Y X doesn't have it in him to do Y Y is beyond X's power (capability) X is not strong enough to do Y.
    Илюша болезненно ему улыбался, всё ещё не в силах сказать слова. Коля вдруг поднял руку и провёл для чего-то своею ладонью по волосам Илюши (Достоевский 1). Ilyusha kept smiling wanly, still unable to say a word. Kolya suddenly reached out and for some reason stroked Ilyusha s hair with his hand (1a).
    Когда день полон грохота и человек по уши погружён в котёл войны, он не в силах понять, увидеть свою жизнь... (Гроссман 2). When a man is plunged up to his neck into the cauldron of war, he is quite unable to look at his life and understand anything... (2a).
    Ноги у Лёньки гудели. Он сидел неподвижно, не в силах пошевелиться (Семёнов 1). Lyonka's legs throbbed painfully. He sat motionless, incapable of stirring (1a).
    В конце 1936 года Коган, переведённый к тому времени в Ярославль, бросился под поезд, не в силах больше переносить ожидания ареста (Гинзбург 1). At the end of 1936 Kogan, by then transferred to Yaroslavl, found the daily expectation of arrest more than he could bear and threw himself under a train (1b).
    ...Его внимание не в силах сосредоточиться на чем-нибудь одном...» (Катаев 3). "...It is too much for his mind to concentrate on one thing" (3a).
    Они (чегемские старцы) как бы осознают, что происходящее должно было быть ими остановлено, но понимая, что не в силах ничего сделать, они чувствуют гнёт вины за собственное молчание, оскверненность своей духовной власти (Искандер 5). They (the elders of Chegem) seem to recognize that they should have stopped what is happening, and though they realize that they are powerless to do anything, they feel oppressed by guilt for their own silence, the defilement of their spiritual authority (5a).
    2. не в моих (твоих и т. п.) силах ( subj-compl with copula ( subj: infin or abstr)) sth. (or doing sth.) is beyond the limits of s.o. 's physical strength, ability, competence etc: (с)делать X не в Y-овых силах = Y cannot do X
    Y lacks (doesn't have) the power to do X (doing) X is beyond Y's power (capability) X is more than Y can do (handle) Y is powerless to do X.
    «Юрий Андреевич, будьте умницей, выйдите на минуту к мадемуазель, выпейте воды, голубчик, и возвращайтесь сюда таким, каким я вас привыкла и хотела бы видеть. Слышите, Юрий Андреевич? Я знаю, это в ваших силах. Сделайте это, я прошу вас» (Пастернак 1). "Yurii Andreievich...do be sensible, go off to Mademoiselle for a minute, have a drink of water and come back, please, as I've always known you till now and as I want you to be. Do you hear, Yurii Andreievich? I know you can do it. Please do it, I beg you" (1a).
    «Свободу вы у меня давно отняли, а вернуть её не в ваших силах, ибо её нет у вас самого» (Солженицын 3). "You took my freedom away long ago, and you don't have the power to return it because you don't have it yourself" (3a).
    Скоро тут произойдёт невообразимая свалка. Предотвратить её не в наших силах» (Пастернак 1). "There will be an unimaginable mess here soon, it's beyond our power to avert it" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-178

  • 27 не в силах

    [PrepP; Invar; used without negation to convey the opposite meaning]
    =====
    1. [subj-compl with copula (subj: usu. human, collect, animal, or мозг, сердце etc) or part of detached modif; usu. used with infin]
    ⇒ a person (a group of people etc) does not have the capability to do sth. (because of inadequate physical or emotional strength, a lack of means, low status etc):
    - X не в силах делать Y ≈ X lacks (doesn't have) the strength < the power> to do Y;
    - X cannot < is (quite) unable to> do Y;
    - Y is more than X can handle <take, bear>;
    - Y is beyond X's power < capability>;
    - X is not strong enough to do Y.
         ♦ Илюша болезненно ему улыбался, всё ещё не в силах сказать слова. Коля вдруг поднял руку и провёл для чего-то своею ладонью по волосам Илюши (Достоевский 1). Ilyusha kept smiling wanly, still unable to say a word. Kolya suddenly reached out and for some reason stroked Ilyusha's hair with his hand (1a).
         ♦ Когда день полон грохота и человек по уши погружён в котёл войны, он не в силах понять, увидеть свою жизнь... (Гроссман 2). When a man is plunged up to his neck into the cauldron of war, he is quite unable to look at his life and understand anything... (2a).
         ♦ Ноги у Лёньки гудели. Он сидел неподвижно, не в силах пошевелиться (Семёнов 1). Lyonka's legs throbbed painfully. He sat motionless, incapable of stirring (1a).
         ♦ В конце 1936 года Коган, переведённый к тому времени в Ярославль, бросился под поезд, не в силах больше переносить ожидания ареста (Гинзбург 1). At the end of 1936 Kogan, by then transferred to Yaroslavl, found the daily expectation of arrest more than he could bear and threw himself under a train (1b).
         ♦ "...Его внимание не в силах сосредоточиться на чем-нибудь одном..." (Катаев 3). "...It is too much for his mind to concentrate on one thing" (3a).
         ♦ Они [чегемские старцы] как бы осознают, что происходящее должно было быть ими остановлено, но понимая, что не в силах ничего сделать, они чувствуют гнёт вины за собственное молчание, оскверненность своей духовной власти (Искандер 5). They [the elders of Chegem] seem to recognize that they should have stopped what is happening, and though they realize that they are powerless to do anything, they feel oppressed by guilt for their own silence, the defilement of their spiritual authority (5a).
    2. не в моих (твоих и т. п.) силах [subj-compl with copula (subj: infin or abstr)]
    ⇒ sth. (or doing sth.) is beyond the limits of s.o.'s physical strength, ability, competence etc:
    - (с)делать X не в Y-овых силах≈ Y cannot do X;
    - Y is powerless to do X.
         ♦ "Юрий Андреевич, будьте умницей, выйдите на минуту к мадемуазель, выпейте воды, голубчик, и возвращайтесь сюда таким, каким я вас привыкла и хотела бы видеть. Слышите, Юрий Андреевич? Я знаю, это в ваших силах. Сделайте это, я прошу вас" (Пастернак 1). "Yurii Andreievich...do be sensible, go off to Mademoiselle for a minute, have a drink of water and come back, please, as I've always known you till now and as I want you to be. Do you hear, Yurii Andreievich? I know you can do it. Please do it, I beg you" (1a).
         ♦ "Свободу вы у меня давно отняли, а вернуть её не в ваших силах, ибо её нет у вас самого" (Солженицын 3). "You took my freedom away long ago, and you don't have the power to return it because you don't have it yourself" (3a).
         ♦ "Скоро тут произойдёт невообразимая свалка. Предотвратить её не в наших силах" (Пастернак 1). "There will be an unimaginable mess here soon; it's beyond our power to avert it" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не в силах

  • 28 над

    1. предл. (за място, положение) over, above
    лампата виси над масата the lamp hangs over the table
    заспивам над книгата fall asleep over o.'s book
    летя над града fly over the town
    до над above
    над морското равнище above sea-level
    над земята above (the) ground
    2. (повече) over, more than
    над нулата above zero
    над 100 души over a hundred people, more than a hundred people
    това е над неговите възможности this is beyond his capacities; this is above his head
    той е над 40 години he is over forty, he is on the wrong side of forty
    той е малко над 40 години he is in his early forties
    много над way above
    3. (за въвеждане предложно допълнение при някои глаголи и отглаголни същ.) over, on; at
    имам власт/влияние над have power/influence over
    бдя над watch over
    над чаша вино over a glass of wine
    над всякакво съмнение above suspicion
    4. предст. (при глаголи) out-, over-
    надценявам overestimate
    5. (при прил.) over-; super-; supra-
    надземен overground; superterrestrial
    наднормен above the quota/standard
    надкласов above class (attr.)
    * * *
    предл.
    1. (за място, положение) over, above; заспивам \над книгата fall asleep over o.’s book; \над земята above (the) ground; \над морското равнище above sea-level;
    2. ( повече) over, more than; много \над way above; \над нулата above zero; \над 100 души over a hundred people, more than a hundred people; това е \над неговите възможности this is beyond his capacities; this is above his head; той е малко \над 40 години he is in his early forties; той е \над 40 години he is over forty, he is on the wrong side of forty;
    3. (за въвеждане на предложно допълнение към някои глаголи и отглаголни същ.) over, on; at; бдя \над watch over; имам власт/влияние \над have power/influence over; надсмивам се \над laugh/mock at; работя \над work on; • \над всякакво съмнение above suspicion; \над чаша вино over a glass of wine.
    * * *
    above: над the average level - над средното ниво; beyond
    * * *
    1. (за въвеждане предложно допълнение при някои глаголи и отглаголни същ.) over, on;at 2. (повече) over, more than 3. 3 души over a hundred people, more than a hundred people 4. 4 години he is over forty, he is on the wrong side of forty 5. 5 години he is in his early forties 6. НАД 7. НАД всякакво съмнение above suspicion 8. НАД земята above (the) ground 9. НАД морското равнище above sea-level 10. НАД нулата above zero 11. НАД чаша вино over a glass of wine 12. бдя НАД watch over 13. до НАД above 14. заспивам НАД книгата fall asleep over o.'s book 15. имам власт/влияние НАД have power/influence over 16. лампата виси НАД масата the lamp hangs over the table 17. летя НАД града fly over the town 18. много НАД way above 19. надсмивам се НАД laugh/mock at 20. предл. (за място, положение) over, above 21. работя НАД work on 22. това е НАД неговите възможности this is beyond his capacities;this is above his head 23. той е НАД 24. той е малко НАД

    Български-английски речник > над

  • 29 si|ła

    Ⅰ f 1. zw. pl (fizyczna) strength U
    - tracić siły to lose one’s strength
    - być u kresu sił to be absolutely tired out a. exhausted
    - harował ponad siły he worked like a horse
    - nie miał siły zwlec się z łóżka he didn’t have the strength to get up
    - wytężył wszystkie siły, żeby nie upaść he strained every nerve not to fall down
    - maszyna napędzana siłą ludzkich rąk a hand-operated machine
    2. zw. pl (możliwości) power C/U, strength U
    - przeliczyć się ze swoimi siłami to overestimate one’s ability
    - zbierał siły, żeby stawić czoła niebezpieczeństwu he gathered all his strength to face the dangerous situation
    - wierzyć we własne siły to have confidence in oneself
    - nie wierzył we własne siły he lacked self-confidence
    - to przerasta moje siły it’s beyond my power a. capabilities
    - pisarz umarł w pełni sił twórczych the writer died at the height of his creative powers
    - siła woli will power
    3. sgt (moc) strength, force
    - siła argumentów the force of argument
    - kobieta świadoma swojej uwodzicielskiej siły a woman aware of her seductive powers
    - siła miłości/słów the power of love/words
    - siła armii military power
    - wciąż wzrasta siła związków zawodowych trade unions are getting more and more powerful
    - siła dolara/funta the strength of the dollar/the pound
    - siła wiatru/wstrząsu the force of the wind/the earthquake
    - zamieszki wybuchły ze zdwojoną siłą the riot broke out with redoubled strength
    - hałas przybierał na sile the noise was getting louder
    - siła napędowa a. sprawcza a. motoryczna czegoś przen. the driving force a. lifeblood of sth
    4. sgt (przemoc) force, violence
    - użyć siły to use force
    - zrobić coś siłą to do sth by force
    5. sgt (atut) strength
    - siłą tego filmu jest subtelna obserwacja psychologiczna the film’s strength lies in its subtle psychological observation
    6. zw. pl (tajemnicze zjawisko) power, force
    - siły nadprzyrodzone supernatural powers
    - siły nieczyste the powers of darkness, the forces of evil
    - niewidzialna siła an invisible force
    7. (pracownicy) labour GB, labor US, workforce
    - tania siła robocza cheap labour (force)
    - fachowa siła skilled labour
    - siła najemna hired labour
    8. zw. pl (grupa ludzi) force zw. pl
    - siły demokratyczne/postępowe forces of democracy/progress
    - siły rynku market forces
    - siły społeczne social forces
    9. Fiz. force
    - siła tarcia friction force
    - siła ciężkości the force of gravity
    Ⅱ siły plt 1. (możliwości) power U
    - połączyć siły to join a. combine forces
    - robić coś wspólnymi siłami to make a joint effort to do sth
    - równowaga sił między Moskwą a Waszyngtonem a balance of power between Russia and the USA
    2. (oddziały) forces
    - siły nieprzyjacielskie the enemy forces
    - siły powstańcze (the) rebel forces
    - siły lądowe/morskie/powietrzne (the) ground/naval/air forces
    - siły porządkowe the forces of law and order
    - siły zbrojne the (armed) forces
    Ⅲ siłą adv. 1. (przemocą) by force, forcibly 2. (z trudem) hardly
    - siłą powstrzymywała się od płaczu she could hardly stop herself from crying
    Ⅳ na siłę adv. pot. 1. (przemocą) by force, forcibly
    - na siłę wypchnął ich z mieszkania he pushed them out of his flat by force
    - karmić dziecko na siłę to force-feed a child
    2. (wbrew) nie można uszczęśliwiać ludzi na siłę you can take a horse to water but you can’t make it drink przysł.
    - na siłę starał się o jej względy he made every effort a. endeavour to win her favour
    3. (jeżeli nie można inaczej) at a push pot.
    - na siłę zdążę na piątek I could do it by Friday, but at a push
    - □ siła aerodynamiczna Fiz. aerodynamic force
    - siła bezwładności Fiz. inertial force
    - siła dośrodkowa Fiz. centripetal force
    - siła elektrodynamiczna Fiz. electrodynamic force
    - siła elektryczna Fiz. electric force
    - siła nabywcza Ekon. purchasing power
    - siła nośna Techn. aerodynamic lift
    - siła odśrodkowa Fiz. centrifugal force
    - siła pociągowa Techn. tractive force
    - siła pozorna Fiz. inertial force
    - siła spójności Fiz. cohesion
    - siły wytwórcze Ekon. production forces
    ■ być skazanym na własne siły to be left to one’s own devices
    - być w sile wieku to be in one’s prime
    - co sił w nogach at full pelt
    - co sił a. z całej siły a. z całych sił a. ze wszystkich sił a. ile sił with all one’s strength a. might
    - to nie jest na moje/jej siły it’s too much for me/her, it’s beyond my/her power a. capabilities
    - (nie) czuć się na siłach coś zrobić to (not) feel up to doing sth
    - mieć siłę przebicia pot. to push oneself forward
    - nie ma na niego/na to siły he’s/it’s out of control
    - nie mieć siły a. sił do kogoś/czegoś to not put up with sb/sth any longer
    - oddział w sile 20 żołnierzy a twenty-strong detachment
    - opadać z sił to run out of steam
    - próbować swoich sił w czymś a. na jakimś polu to try one’s hand at sth
    - robić coś o własnych siłach a. własnymi siłami to do sth on one’s own, to do sth unaided
    - siła by o tym opowiadać książk. a lot can be said about it
    - siła wyższa circumstances beyond one’s control; force majeure książk.
    - siła złego na jednego przysł. ≈ it never rains but it pours przysł.
    - siłą rzeczy perforce książk.; necessarily
    - trwać a. odbywać się siłą rozpędu a. bezwładu a. inercji to be a. run out of control
    - nie ma takiej siły, żebym tam poszedł wild horses wouldn’t drag me there
    - żadna siła mnie stąd nie ruszy wild horses wouldn’t drag me away from here

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > si|ła

  • 30 С-190

    HE ПОД СИЛУ кому PrepP Invar subj-compl with copula ( subj: abstr or infin) used without negation to convey the opposite meaning)
    1. Also: HE ПО СИЛАМ ( occas. used as nonagreeing postmodif) sth. is beyond the limits of s.o. 's physical strength or beyond his abilities, competence etc: X Y-y не под силу - X is beyond Y's power (strength, capacity (to understand), reach)
    X is not in (within) Y's power X Is more than Y can do (deliver, handle) Y doesn't have what it takes (to do X) X is too much for Y Y lacks the strength (the ability) (to do X) (in limited contexts) Y is not competent at X
    X Y-y под силу - Y has the strength (the ability, the power) to do X
    Y can do (handle) X Y has it in him (has what it takes) to do X (in limited contexts) Y is competent at X X is within Yb means.
    «До сих пор я не понимал себя, я задавал себе задачи, которые мне не по силам...» (Тургенев 2). "Up till now I did not understand myself, I set myself tasks beyond my capacity..." (2c).
    Сейчас, задним числом, я думаю, что у кагебешников даже и шанса не было не сдаться. Вопрос о моём отъезде был решён на каких-то верхах, им недоступных. И нарушить решение верхов им было не под силу (Войнович 1). Now, with hindsight, I think the KGB had no choice but to give in. The question of my leaving the country had been decided high up, on levels to which these men had no access. It was not in their power to violate such a decision (1 a).
    Ha одно мгновение смысл существования опять открывался Ларе. Она тут, - постигала она, — для того, чтобы разобраться в сумасшедшей прелести земли и все назвать по имени, а если это будет ей не по силам, то из любви к жизни родить себе преемников, которые это сделают вместо неё (Пастернак 1). For a moment she (Lara) rediscovered the purpose of her life. She was on earth to grasp the meaning of its wild enchantment and to call each thing by its right name, or, if this were not within her power, to give birth out of love for life to successors who would do it in her place (1a).
    ...Иногда в голове возникают изумительные проекты, но чувствуешь, что тебе не под силу протолкнуть их через соответствующие учреждения (Искандер 4). Sometimes an amazing scheme will come to you, but you are aware that you don't have what it takes to push it through the appropriate channels (4a).
    (Я) взвалил его (баллон) на плечо... Пройдя первые десять ступенек, я понял, что слишком много взял на себя. Лет пять назад я мог пройти с таким баллоном втрое больше, теперь это было мне не под силу (Войнович 5)....1 hefted the cylinder up on my shoulder....After the first ten steps I realized that I'd bitten off more than I could chew. Five years ago I could have carried a cylinder like that three times as far, but now it was too much for me (5a).
    Путь Хлебникова был для меня запретен. Да и кому, кроме него, оказался бы он под силу? (Лившиц 1). For me the path chosen by Khlebnikov was a forbidden one. And who, apart from him, would have found the strength to pursue it? (1a).
    Давайте найдём себе дело по силам. К примеру, преферанс» (Распутин 1). "Let's turn to something we're more competent at—a game of preference, for instance" (1a).
    «Вопрос обсуждаемого романа - чего стоит человеку социализм и под силу ли цена?» (Солженицын 2). "The question in the novel we are discussing is: What does socialism cost, and is the price within our means?" (2a).
    2. sth. is very difficult or impossible for s.o. to do (because he lacks decisiveness, does not dare to, cannot overcome his sluggishness etc)
    X Y-y не под силу = Y just can't (get himself to (make himself etc)) do X
    Y is incapable of doing X there is no way Y can do X (in limited contexts) Y can't bear the thought of doing X.
    (Мандельштам) не мог отделить мою судьбу от своей... Мою любовь к живописи... он сразу забрал себе и так же решил поступить с Шекспиром. Ведь любить врозь означает отделиться друг от друга - это было ему не под силу (Мандельштам 2)....He (Mandelstam) could make no distinction between my life and his own....He had immediately taken over my love of painting...and decided on the same policy with regard to Shakespeare. Loving different things was the same as separating, and he just could not bear the thought (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-190

  • 31 не по силам

    [PrepP; Invar; subj-compl with copula (subj: abstr or infin); used without negation to convey the opposite meaning]
    =====
    1. Also: НЕ ПО СИЛАМ [occas. used as nonagreeing postmodif]
    ⇒ sth. is beyond the limits of s.o.'s physical strength or beyond his abilities, competence etc:
    - X Y-у не под силу≈ X is beyond Y's power (strength, capacity (to understand), reach);
    - X is more than Y can do (deliver, handle);
    - [in limited contexts] Y is not competent at X;
    || X Y-y под силу≈ Y has the strength (the ability, the power) to do X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y is competent at X;
    - X is within Y's means.
         ♦ "До сих пор я не понимал себя, я задавал себе задачи, которые мне не по силам..." (Тургенев 2). "Up till now I did not understand myself, I set myself tasks beyond my capacity..." (2c).
         ♦ Сейчас, задним числом, я думаю, что у кагебешников даже и шанса не было не сдаться. Вопрос о моём отъезде был решён на каких-то верхах, им недоступных. И нарушить решение верхов им было не под силу (Войнович 1). Now, with hindsight, I think the KGB had no choice but to give in. The question of my leaving the country had been decided high up, on levels to which these men had no access. It was not in their power to violate such a decision (1a).
         ♦ На одно мгновение смысл существования опять открывался Ларе. Она тут, - постигала она, - для того, чтобы разобраться в сумасшедшей прелести земли и все назвать по имени, а если это будет ей не по силам, то из любви к жизни родить себе преемников, которые это сделают вместо неё (Пастернак 1). For a moment she [Lara] rediscovered the purpose of her life. She was on earth to grasp the meaning of its wild enchantment and to call each thing by its right name, or, if this were not within her power, to give birth out of love for life to successors who would do it in her place (1a).
         ♦...Иногда в голове возникают изумительные проекты, но чувствуешь, что тебе не под силу протолкнуть их через соответствующие учреждения (Искандер 4). Sometimes an amazing scheme will come to you, but you are aware that you don't have what it takes to push it through the appropriate channels (4a).
         ♦...[ Я] взвалил его [баллон] на плечо... Пройдя первые десять ступенек, я понял, что слишком много взял на себя. Лет пять назад я мог пройти с таким баллоном втрое больше, теперь это было мне не под силу (Войнович 5)....I hefted the cylinder up on my shoulder....After the first ten steps I realized that I'd bitten off more than I could chew. Five years ago I could have carried a cylinder like that three times as far, but now it was too much for me (5a).
         ♦ Путь Хлебникова был для меня запретен. Да и кому, кроме него, оказался бы он под силу? (Лившиц 1). For me the path chosen by Khlebnikov was a forbidden one. And who, apart from him, would have found the strength to pursue it? (1a).
         ♦ "Давайте найдём себе дело по силам. К примеру, преферанс" (Распутин 1). "Let's turn to something we're more competent at - a game of preference, for instance" (1a).
         ♦ "Вопрос обсуждаемого романа - чего стоит человеку социализм и под силу ли цена?" (Солженицын 2). "The question in the novel we are discussing is: What does socialism cost, and is the price within our means?" (2a).
    2. sth. is very difficult or impossible for s.o. to do (because he lacks decisiveness, does not dare to, cannot overcome his sluggishness etc):
    - X Y-y не под силу≈ Y just can't (get himself to <make himself etc >) do X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y can't bear the thought of doing X.
         ♦ [Мандельштам] не мог отделить мою судьбу от своей... Мою любовь к живописи... он сразу забрал себе и так же решил поступить с Шекспиром. Ведь любить врозь означает отделиться друг от друга - это было ему не под силу (Мандельштам 2).... Не [Mandelstam] could make no distinction between my life and his own....He had immediately taken over my love of painting...and decided on the same policy with regard to Shakespeare. Loving different things was the same as separating, and he just could not bear the thought (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не по силам

  • 32 не под силу

    [PrepP; Invar; subj-compl with copula (subj: abstr or infin); used without negation to convey the opposite meaning]
    =====
    1. Also: НЕ ПО СИЛАМ [occas. used as nonagreeing postmodif]
    ⇒ sth. is beyond the limits of s.o.'s physical strength or beyond his abilities, competence etc:
    - X Y-у не под силу≈ X is beyond Y's power (strength, capacity (to understand), reach);
    - X is more than Y can do (deliver, handle);
    - [in limited contexts] Y is not competent at X;
    || X Y-y под силу≈ Y has the strength (the ability, the power) to do X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y is competent at X;
    - X is within Y's means.
         ♦ "До сих пор я не понимал себя, я задавал себе задачи, которые мне не по силам..." (Тургенев 2). "Up till now I did not understand myself, I set myself tasks beyond my capacity..." (2c).
         ♦ Сейчас, задним числом, я думаю, что у кагебешников даже и шанса не было не сдаться. Вопрос о моём отъезде был решён на каких-то верхах, им недоступных. И нарушить решение верхов им было не под силу (Войнович 1). Now, with hindsight, I think the KGB had no choice but to give in. The question of my leaving the country had been decided high up, on levels to which these men had no access. It was not in their power to violate such a decision (1a).
         ♦ На одно мгновение смысл существования опять открывался Ларе. Она тут, - постигала она, - для того, чтобы разобраться в сумасшедшей прелести земли и все назвать по имени, а если это будет ей не по силам, то из любви к жизни родить себе преемников, которые это сделают вместо неё (Пастернак 1). For a moment she [Lara] rediscovered the purpose of her life. She was on earth to grasp the meaning of its wild enchantment and to call each thing by its right name, or, if this were not within her power, to give birth out of love for life to successors who would do it in her place (1a).
         ♦...Иногда в голове возникают изумительные проекты, но чувствуешь, что тебе не под силу протолкнуть их через соответствующие учреждения (Искандер 4). Sometimes an amazing scheme will come to you, but you are aware that you don't have what it takes to push it through the appropriate channels (4a).
         ♦...[ Я] взвалил его [баллон] на плечо... Пройдя первые десять ступенек, я понял, что слишком много взял на себя. Лет пять назад я мог пройти с таким баллоном втрое больше, теперь это было мне не под силу (Войнович 5)....I hefted the cylinder up on my shoulder....After the first ten steps I realized that I'd bitten off more than I could chew. Five years ago I could have carried a cylinder like that three times as far, but now it was too much for me (5a).
         ♦ Путь Хлебникова был для меня запретен. Да и кому, кроме него, оказался бы он под силу? (Лившиц 1). For me the path chosen by Khlebnikov was a forbidden one. And who, apart from him, would have found the strength to pursue it? (1a).
         ♦ "Давайте найдём себе дело по силам. К примеру, преферанс" (Распутин 1). "Let's turn to something we're more competent at - a game of preference, for instance" (1a).
         ♦ "Вопрос обсуждаемого романа - чего стоит человеку социализм и под силу ли цена?" (Солженицын 2). "The question in the novel we are discussing is: What does socialism cost, and is the price within our means?" (2a).
    2. sth. is very difficult or impossible for s.o. to do (because he lacks decisiveness, does not dare to, cannot overcome his sluggishness etc):
    - X Y-y не под силу≈ Y just can't (get himself to <make himself etc >) do X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y can't bear the thought of doing X.
         ♦ [Мандельштам] не мог отделить мою судьбу от своей... Мою любовь к живописи... он сразу забрал себе и так же решил поступить с Шекспиром. Ведь любить врозь означает отделиться друг от друга - это было ему не под силу (Мандельштам 2).... Не [Mandelstam] could make no distinction between my life and his own....He had immediately taken over my love of painting...and decided on the same policy with regard to Shakespeare. Loving different things was the same as separating, and he just could not bear the thought (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не под силу

  • 33 alcance

    m.
    1 range.
    de corto/largo alcance short-/long-range
    2 scope, extent.
    de alcance important
    3 reach, range, scope, extent.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: alcanzar.
    * * *
    1 reach, grasp
    2 (de arma) range
    3 (trascendencia) scope, importance
    4 (inteligencia) intelligence
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) reach, scope
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=posibilidad de acceso) [de brazo, persona] reach; [de pensamiento] scope

    • al alcance de algn — available to sb

    no tenía el dinero a su alcance — he didn't have access to the money, he didn't have the money available

    • estar al alcance de algn — to be within sb's reach

    • estar fuera del alcance de algn — (=alejado, imposible) to be out of sb's reach, be beyond sb's reach; (=incomprensible) to be over sb's head; (=caro) to be beyond sb's means

    • al alcance de la mano — at hand, within arm's reach

    • al alcance del oído — within earshot

    • poner algo al alcance de algn — to make sth available to sb

    • al alcance de la vista — within sight

    • al alcance de la voz — within call

    2) (=distancia) (Mil) range

    • al alcance — within range

    • de corto alcance — [arma, misil] short-range antes de s ; [objetivo, proyecto] short-term antes de s

    • de gran o largo alcance — [faros] full beam antes de s, high beam antes de s (EEUU); [arma, misil, micrófono] long-range antes de s ; [vuelo] long haul antes de s ; [efecto, repercusiones] far-reaching

    • de medio o mediano alcance — [arma, misil] medium-range

    buzón 1)
    3) (=importancia) [de problema] extent; [de noticia, suceso] importance, significance
    4) (=persecución) pursuit

    • andar o ir a los alcances de algn — to press close on sb

    • dar alcance a algn — (=capturar) to capture sb; (=llegar a la altura) to catch up with sb

    • andar o ir en los alcances a algn — to spy on sb

    • seguir el alcance a algn — (Mil) to pursue sb

    5) (Econ) adverse balance, deficit
    6) (Tip) stop-press, stop-press news
    7) pl alcances
    a) (=inteligencia) grasp sing

    • de cortos o pocos alcances — not very bright

    es hombre de cortos alcances — he's not a very intelligent man, he's not too bright

    b) CAm (=calumnias) calumnies, malicious accusations

    hacer un alcance — to clear sth up, clarify sth

    alcance de nombres, no es su padre, es solo un alcance de nombres — he's not his father, it just happens that their names coincide

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de persona) reach
    b) (de arma, emisora) range

    misiles de corto/largo alcance — short-range/long-range missiles

    c) (de ley, proyecto) scope; (de declaración, noticia) implications

    hacer un alcance — (Chi) to add/clarify something

    2) (Fin) deficit
    * * *
    = coverage, extent, grasp, reach, scope, sweep, compass.
    Ex. AACR1 is a weighty code, not because it contains extensive enumeration, but rather because of its comprehensive coverage.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. When an item is in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain.
    Ex. The cord which trips its shutter may reach down a man's sleeve within easy reach of his fingers.
    Ex. Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.
    Ex. The grand design is visible in the sweep of development from baked clay tablets to computerized typesetting.
    Ex. All truth is contained in the compass of your mind.
    ----
    * al alcance = within reach, within easy reach, within sight, within gunshot, within range.
    * al alcance de cualquiera = within anyone's reach, within anybody's reach.
    * al alcance de la mano = within arm's reach, within easy reach.
    * al alcance del oído = within earshot of.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * alcance amplio = broad scope.
    * alcance temático = subject scope.
    * ampliar el alcance de = extend + the reach of.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.
    * calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.
    * colocar fuera de alcance = place + out of reach.
    * con todos los medios a + Posesivo + alcance = with all the means at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de amplio alcance = broad in scope.
    * de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.
    * de largo alcance = far-reaching, far-ranging.
    * el alcance = comprehensiveness.
    * estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.
    * estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.
    * estudio de alcance = scoping study.
    * facilidad de alcance = reachability.
    * fuera de alcance = beyond reach, out of range.
    * fuera del alcance = out of reach.
    * fuera del alcance de = beyond the scope of.
    * fuera del alcance de las posibilidades de Alguien = beyond + Posesivo + powers.
    * fuera del alcance del oído = out of earshot.
    * nota de alcance = scope note (SN).
    * objetivo y alcance = purpose and scope.
    * poner al alcance = bring within + reach.
    * poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.
    * tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.
    * WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de persona) reach
    b) (de arma, emisora) range

    misiles de corto/largo alcance — short-range/long-range missiles

    c) (de ley, proyecto) scope; (de declaración, noticia) implications

    hacer un alcance — (Chi) to add/clarify something

    2) (Fin) deficit
    * * *
    = coverage, extent, grasp, reach, scope, sweep, compass.

    Ex: AACR1 is a weighty code, not because it contains extensive enumeration, but rather because of its comprehensive coverage.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex: When an item is in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain.
    Ex: The cord which trips its shutter may reach down a man's sleeve within easy reach of his fingers.
    Ex: Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.
    Ex: The grand design is visible in the sweep of development from baked clay tablets to computerized typesetting.
    Ex: All truth is contained in the compass of your mind.
    * al alcance = within reach, within easy reach, within sight, within gunshot, within range.
    * al alcance de = available at the fingertips of.
    * al alcance de cualquiera = within anyone's reach, within anybody's reach.
    * al alcance de la mano = within arm's reach, within easy reach.
    * al alcance del oído = within earshot of.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * alcance amplio = broad scope.
    * alcance temático = subject scope.
    * ampliar el alcance de = extend + the reach of.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.
    * calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.
    * colocar fuera de alcance = place + out of reach.
    * con todos los medios a + Posesivo + alcance = with all the means at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de amplio alcance = broad in scope.
    * de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.
    * de largo alcance = far-reaching, far-ranging.
    * el alcance = comprehensiveness.
    * estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.
    * estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.
    * estudio de alcance = scoping study.
    * facilidad de alcance = reachability.
    * fuera de alcance = beyond reach, out of range.
    * fuera del alcance = out of reach.
    * fuera del alcance de = beyond the scope of.
    * fuera del alcance de las posibilidades de Alguien = beyond + Posesivo + powers.
    * fuera del alcance del oído = out of earshot.
    * nota de alcance = scope note (SN).
    * objetivo y alcance = purpose and scope.
    * poner al alcance = bring within + reach.
    * poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.
    * tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.
    * WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).

    * * *
    A
    un pugilista menos alto pero de mayor alcance a boxer who is shorter but has a longer reach
    [ S ] mantenga los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños keep all medicines out of reach of children
    está totalmente fuera de mi alcance it is completely beyond my means
    2 (de un arma, una emisora) range
    misiles de corto/largo alcance short-range/long-range missiles
    3
    (ámbito): el alcance de una ley the scope of a law
    todavía no sabemos el alcance que puedan tener sus declaraciones as yet we do not know the full implications of his statement
    una política educativa de largo alcance a far-reaching education policy
    4 ( en locs):
    al alcance de within reach of
    se trata de poner la cultura al alcance de todos the idea is to bring culture within everybody's reach o to make culture accessible to everyone
    un país en el que tener televisión no está al alcance de cualquiera a country where owning a television is not within everyone's reach
    tarifas al alcance de su presupuesto prices to suit your pocket
    eso no está a mi alcance that's not in my power
    es un lujo que no está a mi alcance it's a luxury I can't afford
    tiene a su alcance los mejores medios para la investigación he has the best research facilities available to him
    estos conceptos no están al alcance de nuestra inteligencia these concepts are unintelligible to us o are beyond our grasp
    cuando la Estatua de la Libertad estuvo al alcance de la vista when the Statue of Liberty was visible/came into view
    al alcance de la mano (literal) at hand; (fácil de conseguir) within reach, within one's grasp
    hacer un alcance ( Chi); to add/clarify sth
    Compuesto:
    ( Chi): hubo una confusión por un alcance de nombres there was a mix-up because their names were the same
    B ( Fin) deficit
    * * *

     

    Del verbo alcanzar: ( conjugate alcanzar)

    alcancé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    alcance es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    alcance    
    alcanzar
    alcance sustantivo masculino


    está fuera de mi alcance it is beyond my means
    b) (de arma, emisora) range;


    c) (de ley, proyecto) scope;

    (de declaración, noticia) implications (pl)
    d) ( en locs)


    precios al alcance de su bolsillo prices to suit your pocket;
    un lujo que no está a mi alcance a luxury I can't afford
    alcanzar ( conjugate alcanzar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ persona› ( llegar a la altura de) to catch up with, to catch … up (BrE);

    (pillar, agarrar) to catch;

    ¡a que no me alcanzas! I bet you can't catch me! (colloq)
    b) (en tarea, estatura) to catch up with

    2 ( llegar a) ‹ lugar› to reach, get to;
    ‹temperatura/nivel/edad› to reach;

    estos árboles alcanzan una gran altura these trees can reach o grow to a great height;
    alcance la mayoría de edad to come of age
    3 (conseguir, obtener) ‹objetivo/éxito› to achieve;
    ‹ acuerdo› to reach
    4 (acercar, pasar) alcancele algo a algn to pass sb sth, to pass sth to sb
    verbo intransitivo
    1 ( llegar con la mano) to reach;

    alcance a hacer algo to manage to do sth
    2 ( ser suficiente) [comida/provisones] to be enough;

    alcance sustantivo masculino
    1 reach: deja eso al alcance de mi vista, put that where I can see it
    mantenga los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños, keep medicines out of the reach of children
    2 fig (posibilidades) scope: el ascenso está fuera de tu alcance, promotion is impossible for you
    3 (de una noticia) importance
    ♦ Locuciones: dar alcance, to catch up [a, with]
    alcanzar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to reach
    2 (coger a una persona) to catch up with
    3 (llegar hasta una cantidad) to be up to: su biblioteca alcanza los tres mil ejemplares, his library is up to three thousand volumes
    4 (acercar algo) to pass: alcánzame una silla, pass me a chair
    5 (lograr) to attain, achieve
    II vi (ser suficiente) to be sufficient: ese dinero no alcanza para un piso, this money isn't enough to buy a flat
    ' alcance' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    combatir
    - eco
    - fuera
    - proyección
    - alcanzar
    - ámbito
    - dimensión
    - milagro
    - trascendental
    English:
    ambit
    - extensive
    - far-reaching
    - grasp
    - hand
    - long-range
    - out of
    - range
    - reach
    - scope
    - short-range
    - sight
    - wide-ranging
    - extent
    - far
    - long
    - sweep
    - wide
    * * *
    1. [de arma, misil, emisora] range;
    de corto/largo alcance short-/long-range;
    una colisión por alcance [por detrás] a rear-end collision;
    [angular] a side-on collision
    2. [de persona]
    a mi alcance within my reach;
    utilizaron todos los medios a su alcance they used every means at their disposal;
    al alcance de mi bolsillo within my means;
    este restaurante sólo está al alcance de los más pudientes only the very wealthy can afford to eat at this restaurant;
    esta tarea no está al alcance de sus posibilidades he's not up to this task, this task is beyond his capabilities;
    la cuerda estaba casi al alcance de la mano the rope was almost within arm's reach;
    tuvo la victoria al alcance de la mano she was within sight of victory, she had victory within her grasp;
    al alcance de la vista within sight;
    el castillo queda fuera del alcance de nuestra vista we can't see the castle from here;
    dar alcance a alguien to catch up with sb;
    el pelotón dio alcance al ciclista escapado the bunch caught (up with) the cyclist who had broken away from them;
    fuera del alcance de beyond the reach of;
    guardar fuera del alcance de los niños [en etiqueta] keep out of reach of o away from children
    3. [de reformas, medidas] scope, extent;
    todavía no se han dado cuenta del alcance del fallo judicial the full implications of the verdict have still not become clear to them;
    un cambio de alcance universal a change that affects everybody;
    de alcance important
    4.
    una noticia de alcance [de última hora] a piece of news that has just come in
    5. [inteligencia]
    una persona de pocos alcances a slow o dim-witted person
    6. Chile [resto]
    este mes se quedó con un alcance he had a bit left over this month
    7. Chile [comentario] clarification;
    estoy de acuerdo, pero debo hacerle un alcance I agree, but I must make one thing clear
    * * *
    m
    1 reach;
    al alcance de la mano within reach;
    poner algo al alcance de alguien put sth within s.o.’s reach;
    dar alcance a alguien catch up with s.o.;
    al alcance de la vista visible, in view;
    ¿está al alcance de tu bolsillo? can you afford it?
    2 de arma etc range;
    de largo alcance long-range
    3 de medida scope
    4 de tragedia extent, scale
    5 fig
    :
    un hombre de mucho alcance a talented o gifted man;
    de pocos alcances fam untalented
    * * *
    1) : reach
    2) : range, scope
    * * *
    1. (en general) reach
    2. (de un arma, emisora, etc) range
    3. (importancia) importance

    Spanish-English dictionary > alcance

  • 34 capacity

    noun
    1) (power) Aufnahmefähigkeit, die; (to do things) Leistungsfähigkeit, die
    2) no pl. (maximum amount) Fassungsvermögen, das

    the machine is working to capacity — die Maschine ist voll ausgelastet

    filled to capacity — [Saal, Theater] bis auf den letzten Platz besetzt; attrib.

    the film drew capacity audiences/houses for ten weeks — zehn Wochen lang waren alle Vorstellungen dieses Films ausverkauft

    3) (measure) Rauminhalt, der; Volumen, das
    4) (position) Eigenschaft, die; Funktion, die

    in his capacity as critic/lawyer — etc. in seiner Eigenschaft als Kritiker/Anwalt usw

    * * *
    [kə'pæsəti]
    plural - capacities; noun
    1) (ability to hold, contain etc: This tank has a capacity of 300 gallons.) das Fassungsvermögen
    2) (ability: his capacity for remembering facts.) die Fähigkeit
    3) (position: in his capacity as a leader.) die Stellung
    * * *
    ca·pac·ity
    [kəˈpæsəti, AM -ət̬i]
    I. n
    1. (cubic capacity) Fassungsvermögen nt; (available space) Rauminhalt m, Volumen nt
    the stadium has a seating \capacity of 50,000 das Stadium hat 50.000 Sitzplätze
    2. no pl (ability) Fähigkeit f, Vermögen nt
    it seems to be beyond his \capacity to do that offensichtlich ist er damit überfordert
    is it within her \capacity to do it? ist sie in der Lage, das zu tun?
    mental \capacity geistige Fähigkeiten pl
    \capacity for action Handlungsfähigkeit f
    \capacity for investment Investitionsfähigkeit f
    to have a \capacity for sth etw gut können
    to have a \capacity for alcohol [or drink] trinkfest sein
    3. no pl LAW Geschäftsfähigkeit f, Rechtsfähigkeit f
    person of full age and \capacity volljährige und geschäftsfähige Person
    military \capacity militärische Schlagkraft
    5. (output) Leistung[sfähigkeit] f
    6. no pl (maximum output) Kapazität f
    to be full to \capacity absolut voll sein
    filled to \capacity ganz voll, randvoll
    to work below/at full \capacity nicht ganz/voll ausgelastet sein
    7. (position) Funktion f, Stellung f; (role) Eigenschaft f
    he was speaking in his \capacity as a critic er sprach in seiner Eigenschaft als Kritiker
    in her \capacity as a lawyer [in ihrer Funktion] als Anwältin
    8. FIN (solvency) Kreditfähigkeit f
    industrial [or manufacturing] [or production] \capacity Produktionskapazität f
    \capacity utilization Kapazitätsauslastung f
    II. n modifier
    1. (maximum) Höchst-, Maximal-
    the hotel is at \capacity occupancy das Hotel ist voll belegt
    to carry a \capacity load voll beladen sein
    \capacity working ECON Vollauslastung f
    2. THEAT, MUS
    to play to \capacity audience vor ausverkauftem Saal spielen
    the star was cheered by a \capacity crowd ein volles Haus jubelte dem Star zu
    * * *
    [kə'psItɪ]
    n
    1) (= cubic content etc) Fassungsvermögen nt, (Raum)inhalt m; (= maximum output) Kapazität f; (= maximum weight) Höchstlast f; (AUT, = engine capacity) Hubraum m

    filled to capacity — randvoll; (hall) bis auf den letzten Platz besetzt

    2) (= ability) Fähigkeit f

    his capacity for learning — seine Lern- or Aufnahmefähigkeit

    this work is within/beyond his capacity — er ist zu dieser Arbeit fähig/nicht fähig

    3) (= role, position) Eigenschaft f, Funktion f

    speaking in his official capacity as mayor, he said... — er sagte in seiner Eigenschaft als Bürgermeister...

    they refused to employ him in any capacity whatsoever — sie lehnten es ab, ihn in irgendeiner Form zu beschäftigen

    4) (= legal power) Befugnis f
    * * *
    capacity [kəˈpæsətı]
    A s
    1. a) Fassungsvermögen n, Kapazität f:
    filled to capacity bis auf den letzten Platz gefüllt, THEAT etc (bis auf den letzten Platz) ausverkauft
    b) (Raum)Inhalt m, Volumen n: → academic.ru/45817/measure">measure A 1
    2. PHYS Aufnahmefähigkeit f
    3. ELEK
    a) Kapazität f
    b) Leistungsfähigkeit f, Belastbarkeit f
    4. SCHIFF, BAHN Ladefähigkeit f
    5. (Leistungs)Fähigkeit f, Vermögen n:
    capacity for learning Lernfähigkeit;
    capacity for remembering Erinnerungsvermögen;
    have the capacity to do sth das Zeug dazu haben, etwas zu tun umg
    6. WIRTSCH, TECH Kapazität f, Leistungsfähigkeit f, (Nenn)Leistung f:
    work to capacity mit Höchstleistung arbeiten, voll ausgelastet sein
    7. fig (geistiges) Fassungsvermögen, Auffassungsgabe f:
    that is beyond his capacity damit ist er überfordert, das ist für ihn zu hoch;
    the book is well within the capacity of young readers das Buch können auch junge Leser ohne Weiteres verstehen
    8. Eigenschaft f, Stellung f:
    in his capacity as in seiner Eigenschaft als
    9. JUR (Geschäfts-, Testier- etc) Fähigkeit f:
    B adj
    1. maximal, Höchst…:
    capacity business Rekordgeschäft n
    2. capacity audience THEAT etc (bis auf den letzten Platz) ausverkauftes Haus;
    capacity crowd SPORT ausverkauftes Stadion
    3. ELEK kapazitiv ( → capacitive)
    cap. abk
    * * *
    noun
    1) (power) Aufnahmefähigkeit, die; (to do things) Leistungsfähigkeit, die
    2) no pl. (maximum amount) Fassungsvermögen, das

    filled to capacity — [Saal, Theater] bis auf den letzten Platz besetzt; attrib.

    the film drew capacity audiences/houses for ten weeks — zehn Wochen lang waren alle Vorstellungen dieses Films ausverkauft

    3) (measure) Rauminhalt, der; Volumen, das
    4) (position) Eigenschaft, die; Funktion, die

    in his capacity as critic/lawyer — etc. in seiner Eigenschaft als Kritiker/Anwalt usw

    * * *
    n.
    Fassungsvermögen n.
    Inhalt -e m.
    Kapazität f.
    Leistung -en f.
    Leistungsfähigkeit f.
    Leistungsvermögen n.
    Volumen - n.

    English-german dictionary > capacity

  • 35 Vermögen

    v/t (unreg.) geh.: vermögen, etw. zu tun be able to do s.th., be capable of doing s.th., be in a position to do s.th.; bei jemandem wenig / alles vermögen be able to do little / anything with s.o.
    * * *
    das Vermögen
    (Besitz) fortune;
    (Fähigkeit) faculty; capability
    * * *
    Ver|mö|gen [fɛɐ'møːgn]
    nt -s, -
    1) (= Reichtum, viel Geld) fortune

    das ist ein Vermö́gen wert — it's worth a fortune

    eine Frau, die Vermö́gen hat — a woman who has money, a woman of means

    die erste Frage war, ob ich Vermö́gen hatte — the first question was whether I had private means

    2) (= Besitz) property

    mein ganzes Vermö́gen besteht aus... — my entire assets consist of...

    3) (= Können) ability, capacity; (= Macht) power
    * * *
    das
    1) (the total property, money etc of a person, company etc.) assets
    2) (a large amount of money: That ring must be worth a fortune!) fortune
    * * *
    Ver·mö·gen
    <-s, ->
    [fɛɐ̯ˈmø:gn̩]
    nt
    1. FIN assets pl; (Geld) capital no art, no pl; (Eigentum) property no art, no pl, fortune; (Reichtum) wealth
    bewegliches \Vermögen chattels pl, movable property
    flüssiges \Vermögen liquid assets
    gemeinschaftliches/persönliches \Vermögen common/private property
    öffentliches \Vermögen property owned by public authorities
    unbewegliches \Vermögen immovable property, real estate
    2. kein pl (geh)
    ▪ jds \Vermögen sb's ability [or capability]
    jds \Vermögen übersteigen/über jds \Vermögen gehen to be/go beyond sb's abilities
    * * *
    das; Vermögens, Vermögen
    1) o. Pl. (geh.): (Fähigkeit) ability
    2) (Besitz) fortune

    er hat Vermögen — he has money; he is a man of means

    * * *
    Vermögen n; -s, -
    1. (Reichtum) fortune;
    ein Vermögen verdienen/kosten earn/cost a fortune;
    besitzen own a fortune in paintings etc;
    er hat Vermögen he is a man of means
    2. (Besitz) property; (Geld) means pl; WIRTSCH assets pl
    3. (Können) ability; (Kraft, Macht) power(s pl);
    nach bestem Vermögen to the best of one’s ability;
    übersteigt mein Vermögen it’s beyond my power (
    zu +inf to +inf), it goes beyond my power(s)
    * * *
    das; Vermögens, Vermögen
    1) o. Pl. (geh.): (Fähigkeit) ability
    2) (Besitz) fortune

    er hat Vermögen — he has money; he is a man of means

    * * *
    - n.
    ability n.
    assets n.
    fortune n.
    power n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Vermögen

  • 36 mano

    f.
    1 hand.
    a mano by hand; (sin máquina) to hand, handy (cerca)
    hecho a mano handmade
    ¿tienes el encendedor a mano? have you got your lighter handy o to hand?
    dar o estrechar la mano a alguien to shake hands with somebody
    darse o estrecharse la mano to shake hands
    lavarse las manos to wash one's hands
    ¡manos arriba!, ¡arriba las manos! hands up!
    3 coat.
    4 pestle.
    ser mano to (be the) lead
    6 series (serie, tanda).
    7 handball (sport) (falta).
    8 coat of paint.
    9 dealer, hand, lead.
    10 buddy, pal.
    m.
    pal(informal). ( Latin American Spanish salvo River Plate)
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: manar.
    * * *
    1 ANATOMÍA hand
    2 ZOOLOGÍA (de caballo) forefoot; (de gato, perro, etc) paw
    3 (lado) side
    4 (de reloj) hand
    6 (de jabón) soaping
    7 (habilidad) skill
    8 (influencia) influence
    9 (ayuda) hand
    10 (de mortero) pestle
    11 (de naipes - jugada, conjunto de cartas) hand; (- jugador) leader
    12 DEPORTE (en futból) handball
    1 (poder) hands sing, power sing
    \
    a mano (escrito) handwritten, by hand 2 (hecho) handmade, by hand 3 (lavado) by hand 4 (cerca) to hand, handy, near
    abrir la mano to become more flexible, become more lenient
    a manos llenas generously
    alzar/levantar la mano a alguien to raise one's hand to somebody
    bajo mano underhandedly
    cogidos,-as de la mano hand-in-hand
    con el corazón en la mano sincerely, with one's heart on one's sleeve
    con las manos vacías empty-handed
    con una mano detrás y otra delante familiar without a penny to one's name
    dar la mano a / tender la mano a (saludar) to shake hands with 2 (ayudar) to offer one's hand to
    darse la mano (dos personas) to shake hands 2 (dos cosas) to be very similar
    de primera mano (objeto) brand-new 2 (noticia) first-hand
    dejar de la mano to abandon
    echar mano de algo to resort to something, draw on something
    echar una mano to give a hand, lend a hand
    en buenas manos in good hands
    estar en las manos de alguien to be in somebody's hands
    hecho,-a a mano handmade
    írsele la mano a alguien (no contenerse) to lose control 2 (exagerar) to go over the top
    ¡las manos quietas! familiar hands off!
    lavarse las manos figurado to wash one's hands
    llegar a las manos to come to blows
    mano sobre mano idle, twiddling one's thumbs
    ¡manos arriba! hands up!
    meter la mano en algo to get involved in something, intervene in something
    meter mano familiar (toquetear) to grope, touch up 2 (intervenir) to do something, take action
    pedir la mano de alguien to ask for somebody's hand
    ponerle la mano encima a alguien to lay a hand on somebody
    poner la mano en el fuego por alguien to risk one's neck for somebody
    poner manos a la obra to get down to work, get cracking
    quedar algo muy a mano to be very near
    ser la mano derecha de alguien to be somebody's right hand
    ser mano de santo to work wonders
    tener algo a mano to have something handy
    tener buena mano para algo to have a knack for something, be a dab hand at something
    tener buenas manos to be good with one's hands
    tener la mano (muy) larga (para pegar) to be quick to lift a hand 2 (para robar) to be light-fingered, have sticky fingers
    tener mano de hierro to rule with an iron fist
    tener mano izquierda to have a lot of tact
    traerse algo entre manos to be planning something, be up to something
    mano a mano (concurso) contest 2 (conversación) tête-a-tête
    mano de cerdo pig's trotter
    mano de obra labour
    mano dura a firm hand
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) hand
    2) coat
    •
    - mano de obra
    * * *
    I
    1. SUSTANTIVO FEMENINO
    Para las expresiones manos arriba, al alcance de la mano, frotarse las manos, ver la otra entrada.
    1) (Anat) hand

    lo hice con mis propias manos — I made it with my own hands, I made it myself

    el asesino salió con las manos en alto — the murderer came out with his hands up {o} with his hands in the air

    • votar a mano [alzada] — to vote by a show of hands

    • [dar] la mano a algn — [para saludar] to shake hands with sb; [para andar, apoyarse] to take sb by the hand

    • [darse] la mano {o} las manos — to shake hands

    • recibir algo [de] manos de algn — to receive sth from sb

    • los dos iban [de la] mano — the two were walking hand-in-hand, the two were walking along holding hands

    • ¡manos a la [obra]! — [como orden] to work!; [para darse ánimo] let's get on with it!, (let's) get down to work!

    • ¡las manos [quietas]! — hands off!, keep your hands to yourself!

    • ¡[venga] esa mano! — shake!, put it there!

    a mano (=sin máquina) by hand; (=cerca) handy, at hand; (=asequible) handy, to hand

    cosió los pantalones a mano — she sewed the trousers by hand, she hand-sewed the trousers

    escribir a mano — to write in longhand, write out (by hand)

    ¿tienes un bolígrafo a mano? — have you got a pen handy {o} to hand?

    la tienda me queda {o} me pilla * muy a mano — the shop is very handy for me, the shop is very close {o} nearby

    en mano

    piso disponible, llave en mano — [para alquilar] flat available for immediate occupancy; [para comprar] flat available for immediate possession

    estrechar 1., 3), levantar 1., 1), b), robo 1)
    2)

    en ese colegio le cargan la mano — they ask too much of her {o} put too much pressure on her at that school

    mano a mano —

    meter mano a algo —

    hay que meterle mano a la corrupción — we have to deal with {o} tackle corruption

    ponerle a algn la mano encima —

    ¡como me pongas la mano encima...! — if you lay one finger on me...!

    poner la mano en el fuego —

    yo no pondría la mano en el fuego por Juan — I wouldn't risk my neck for Juan, I wouldn't put myself on the line for Juan

    traerse algo entre manos —

    ¿qué os traéis entre manos? — what are you up to?

    - vivir de la mano a la boca

    fue mano de santo — it came just right, it was just what the doctor ordered

    mano dura — harsh treatment; (Pol) firm hand

    3) (=posesión) hand

    • [cambiar] de manos — to change hands

    la casa ha cambiado varias veces de mano — the house has changed hands several times, the house has had several owners

    • de [primera] mano — (at) first-hand

    • de [segunda] mano — second-hand

    ropa de segunda mano — second-hand {o} used clothes

    4) (=control)

    ha hecho cuanto ha estado en su mano — he has done all {o} everything in his power

    • [de buena] mano — on good authority

    • [en buenas] manos — in good hands

    a manos de at the hands of

    la carta nunca llegó a manos del jefe — the letter never reached the boss, the letter never came into the hands of the boss

    en manos de in the hands of

    írsele a algn la mano con algo —

    írsele algo de las manos a algn —

    5) (=habilidad)

    ¡qué manos tiene! — he's so clever with his hands!

    • tener [buena] mano, tiene buena mano para aparcar — she's good at parking

    • tener [mala] mano — to be clumsy, be awkward

    mano izquierda, tiene mano izquierda con los animales — he's got a way with animals

    6) (=lado) side
    7) (=trabajadores)
    pl manos hands, workers

    contratar manos — to sign up {o} take on workers

    mano de obra — labour, labor (EEUU), manpower

    8) (Dep) handling, handball

    ¡mano! — handball!

    9) (Zool) [de mono] hand; [de perro, gato, oso, león] front paw; [de caballo] forefoot, front hoof; [de ave] foot; (=trompa) trunk

    manos de cerdo — (Culin) pig's trotters

    10) (=instrumento) [de reloj] hand

    mano de almirez, mano de mortero — pestle

    11) (=capa) [de pintura] coat; [de jabón] wash, soaping

    dar una mano de jabón a la ropa — to give the clothes a wash {o} soaping

    12) (Juegos, Naipes) (=partida) round, game; (=conjunto de cartas) hand

    echar una mano de mus — to have a game {o} round of mus

    ser {o} tener la mano — to lead

    13) (=lote) lot, series; And, CAm, Cono Sur, Méx group of things of the same kind ; LAm [de plátanos] bunch, hand
    14) (Mús) scale
    15) LAm (=desgracia) misfortune, mishap; (=suceso imprevisto) unexpected event
    16) LAm (=suerte)

    ¡qué mano! — what a stroke of luck!

    17) LAm (Aut) direction
    2.
    SUSTANTIVO MASCULINO

    mano a mano, hubo un mano a mano entre los dos políticos en el parlamento — the two politicians slogged it out between them in parliament

    II
    SM Méx [en conversación] mate *, pal *
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Anat) hand

    le dijo or hizo adiós con la mano — he waved goodbye to her

    en su mano — (Corresp) by hand

    levantar la mano — to raise one's hands, put one's hand up

    lo hice yo, con mis propias manos — I did it myself, with my own two hands

    manos arriba! or arriba las manos! — hands up!

    darle la mano a alguien — ( para saludar) to shake hands with somebody, to shake somebody's hand; (para ayudar, ser ayudado) to give somebody one's hand

    dame la manito or (Esp, Méx) manita — hold my hand

    me tendió or me ofreció la mano — he held out his hand to me

    b) (Zool) (de oso, perro) paw; ( de mono) hand; (Equ) forefoot, front foot
    2) (control, posesión) gen

    manos — hands (pl)

    haré todo lo que esté en mis manos or (RPl) de mi mano — I will do everything in my power

    3) ( en fútbol) handball
    4) ( del mortero) pestle
    5)
    a) ( de papel) quire
    b) ( de plátanos) hand
    6) (de pintura, barniz) coat
    7) (Jueg)
    a) (vuelta, juego) hand

    ¿nos echamos unas manos de dominó? — how about a game of dominoes?

    c) ( jugador)

    soy/eres mano — it's my/your lead

    tener la mano — (Andes) to lead

    ganarle por la mano or (RPl) de mano a alguien (fam): César me ganó por la mano — César just beat me to it (colloq)

    a mano — ( no a máquina) by hand; ( cerca) at hand (AmE), to hand (BrE)

    a mano — (AmL) ( en paz) all square, quits

    a la mano — (AmL) close at hand

    en mano — <lápiz/copa> in hand

    agarrar or (esp Esp) coger a alguien con las manos en la masa — to catch somebody red-handed

    agarrarle or tomarle la mano a algo — (CS fam) to get the hang of something (colloq)

    a mano alzada — < votación> by a show of hands; < dibujo> freehand; < dibujar> freehand

    a manos llenas — < dar> generously; < gastar> lavishly

    pedir/conceder la mano de alguien — to ask for/give somebody's hand in marriage

    bajo mano — on the quiet, on the sly (colloq)

    caérsele la mano a alguien — (Méx fam & pey) to be a fairy (colloq & pej)

    cargar la mano — (fam) to overdo

    cargarle la mano a alguien — ( en el precio) to overcharge somebody; ( pegar) to hit somebody

    con una mano atrás y otra delante — without a penny to one's name

    dar la mano derecha por algo — to give one's right arm for something

    darse la mano — ( para saludar) to shake hands; (para cruzar, jugar, etc) to hold hands; (reunirse, fundirse) to come together

    de la mano: me tomó de la mano she took me by the hand; iban (tomados) de la mano they walked hand in hand; de manos a boca suddenly, unexpectedly; de primera mano (at) first hand; de segunda mano < ropa> secondhand; < coche> used, secondhand; < información> secondhand; echar or dar una mano to give o lend a hand; echarle mano a alguien (fam) to lay o get one's hands on somebody (colloq); echar mano a algo (fam) to grab something; echar mano de algo to resort to something; echamos mano de nuestros ahorros we dipped into our savings; echarse or llevarse las manos a la cabeza ( literal) to put one's hands on one's head; ( horrorizarse) to throw up one's hands in horror; embarrarle la mano a alguien (Méx fam) to grease somebody's palm (colloq); ensuciarse las manos ( literal) to get one's hands dirty; (en un robo, crimen) to dirty one's hands; estar atado de manos or tener las manos atadas ( literal) to have one's hands tied; ( no poder actuar): la decisión es de ellos, yo tengo las manos atadas it's up to them, my hands are tied; estar/quedar a mano (AmL fam) to be even o quits (colloq); frotarse las manos ( literal) to rub one's hands together; ( regodearse) to rub one's hands with glee; írsele la mano a alguien: se te fue la mano con la sal you overdid the salt o put too much salt in; le cobré $1.000 - se te fue un poco la mano ¿no? I charged him $1,000 - that was a bit steep, wasn't it? (colloq); se te fue la mano al contestarle así you went too far answering her back like that; lavarse las manos to wash one's hands; les das la/una mano y se toman el brazo give them an inch and they'll take a mile; levantarle la mano a alguien to raise one's hand to somebody; llegar or irse or pasar a las manos to come to blows; meter la mano en la caja or lata to dip one's fingers in the till; meterle mano a alguien (fam) (magrear, tocar) to touch o feel somebody up (colloq); ( por un delito) to collar somebody (colloq); meterle mano a algo (fam) to get to work on something; poner la(s) mano(s) en el fuego por alguien to stick one's neck out for somebody; ponerle la mano encima a alguien to lay a hand o finger on somebody; ponerse manos a la obra to get down to work; por mi/tu/su mano: tomó la justicia or las cosas por su mano he took the law o he took things into his own hands; quitarle algo de las manos a alguien: me lo quitó de las manos she took it right out of my hands; tuvieron mucho éxito, nos las quitaron de las manos they were a great success, they sold like hotcakes (colloq); saber alguien dónde tiene la mano derecha to know what one is about; ser mano ancha (Arg) to be generous; ser mano de santo to work wonders; ser mano larga ( para pegar) to be free with one's hands; ( para robar) to be light-fingered; tenderle una mano a alguien to offer somebody a (helping) hand; tener algo entre manos to be dealing with o working on something; tener (la) mano larga or las manos largas (fam) ( para pegar) to be free with one's hands; ( para robar) to be light-fingered; tener la mano pesada to be heavy-handed; tener mano de seda to have a light touch; tener mano para algo to be good at something; traerse algo entre manos to be up to something (colloq); untarle la mano a alguien (fam) to grease somebody's palm (colloq); muchas manos en un plato hacen mucho garabato — too many cooks spoil the broth

    9)
    a) ( lado) side
    b) (Auto) side of the road
    10) manos masculino plural ( obreros) hands (pl)
    II
    - na masculino, femenino (AmL exc CS fam) ( apelativo) buddy (AmE colloq), mate (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Anat) hand

    le dijo or hizo adiós con la mano — he waved goodbye to her

    en su mano — (Corresp) by hand

    levantar la mano — to raise one's hands, put one's hand up

    lo hice yo, con mis propias manos — I did it myself, with my own two hands

    manos arriba! or arriba las manos! — hands up!

    darle la mano a alguien — ( para saludar) to shake hands with somebody, to shake somebody's hand; (para ayudar, ser ayudado) to give somebody one's hand

    dame la manito or (Esp, Méx) manita — hold my hand

    me tendió or me ofreció la mano — he held out his hand to me

    b) (Zool) (de oso, perro) paw; ( de mono) hand; (Equ) forefoot, front foot
    2) (control, posesión) gen

    manos — hands (pl)

    haré todo lo que esté en mis manos or (RPl) de mi mano — I will do everything in my power

    3) ( en fútbol) handball
    4) ( del mortero) pestle
    5)
    a) ( de papel) quire
    b) ( de plátanos) hand
    6) (de pintura, barniz) coat
    7) (Jueg)
    a) (vuelta, juego) hand

    ¿nos echamos unas manos de dominó? — how about a game of dominoes?

    c) ( jugador)

    soy/eres mano — it's my/your lead

    tener la mano — (Andes) to lead

    ganarle por la mano or (RPl) de mano a alguien (fam): César me ganó por la mano — César just beat me to it (colloq)

    a mano — ( no a máquina) by hand; ( cerca) at hand (AmE), to hand (BrE)

    a mano — (AmL) ( en paz) all square, quits

    a la mano — (AmL) close at hand

    en mano — <lápiz/copa> in hand

    agarrar or (esp Esp) coger a alguien con las manos en la masa — to catch somebody red-handed

    agarrarle or tomarle la mano a algo — (CS fam) to get the hang of something (colloq)

    a mano alzada — < votación> by a show of hands; < dibujo> freehand; < dibujar> freehand

    a manos llenas — < dar> generously; < gastar> lavishly

    pedir/conceder la mano de alguien — to ask for/give somebody's hand in marriage

    bajo mano — on the quiet, on the sly (colloq)

    caérsele la mano a alguien — (Méx fam & pey) to be a fairy (colloq & pej)

    cargar la mano — (fam) to overdo

    cargarle la mano a alguien — ( en el precio) to overcharge somebody; ( pegar) to hit somebody

    con una mano atrás y otra delante — without a penny to one's name

    dar la mano derecha por algo — to give one's right arm for something

    darse la mano — ( para saludar) to shake hands; (para cruzar, jugar, etc) to hold hands; (reunirse, fundirse) to come together

    de la mano: me tomó de la mano she took me by the hand; iban (tomados) de la mano they walked hand in hand; de manos a boca suddenly, unexpectedly; de primera mano (at) first hand; de segunda mano < ropa> secondhand; < coche> used, secondhand; < información> secondhand; echar or dar una mano to give o lend a hand; echarle mano a alguien (fam) to lay o get one's hands on somebody (colloq); echar mano a algo (fam) to grab something; echar mano de algo to resort to something; echamos mano de nuestros ahorros we dipped into our savings; echarse or llevarse las manos a la cabeza ( literal) to put one's hands on one's head; ( horrorizarse) to throw up one's hands in horror; embarrarle la mano a alguien (Méx fam) to grease somebody's palm (colloq); ensuciarse las manos ( literal) to get one's hands dirty; (en un robo, crimen) to dirty one's hands; estar atado de manos or tener las manos atadas ( literal) to have one's hands tied; ( no poder actuar): la decisión es de ellos, yo tengo las manos atadas it's up to them, my hands are tied; estar/quedar a mano (AmL fam) to be even o quits (colloq); frotarse las manos ( literal) to rub one's hands together; ( regodearse) to rub one's hands with glee; írsele la mano a alguien: se te fue la mano con la sal you overdid the salt o put too much salt in; le cobré $1.000 - se te fue un poco la mano ¿no? I charged him $1,000 - that was a bit steep, wasn't it? (colloq); se te fue la mano al contestarle así you went too far answering her back like that; lavarse las manos to wash one's hands; les das la/una mano y se toman el brazo give them an inch and they'll take a mile; levantarle la mano a alguien to raise one's hand to somebody; llegar or irse or pasar a las manos to come to blows; meter la mano en la caja or lata to dip one's fingers in the till; meterle mano a alguien (fam) (magrear, tocar) to touch o feel somebody up (colloq); ( por un delito) to collar somebody (colloq); meterle mano a algo (fam) to get to work on something; poner la(s) mano(s) en el fuego por alguien to stick one's neck out for somebody; ponerle la mano encima a alguien to lay a hand o finger on somebody; ponerse manos a la obra to get down to work; por mi/tu/su mano: tomó la justicia or las cosas por su mano he took the law o he took things into his own hands; quitarle algo de las manos a alguien: me lo quitó de las manos she took it right out of my hands; tuvieron mucho éxito, nos las quitaron de las manos they were a great success, they sold like hotcakes (colloq); saber alguien dónde tiene la mano derecha to know what one is about; ser mano ancha (Arg) to be generous; ser mano de santo to work wonders; ser mano larga ( para pegar) to be free with one's hands; ( para robar) to be light-fingered; tenderle una mano a alguien to offer somebody a (helping) hand; tener algo entre manos to be dealing with o working on something; tener (la) mano larga or las manos largas (fam) ( para pegar) to be free with one's hands; ( para robar) to be light-fingered; tener la mano pesada to be heavy-handed; tener mano de seda to have a light touch; tener mano para algo to be good at something; traerse algo entre manos to be up to something (colloq); untarle la mano a alguien (fam) to grease somebody's palm (colloq); muchas manos en un plato hacen mucho garabato — too many cooks spoil the broth

    9)
    a) ( lado) side
    b) (Auto) side of the road
    10) manos masculino plural ( obreros) hands (pl)
    II
    - na masculino, femenino (AmL exc CS fam) ( apelativo) buddy (AmE colloq), mate (BrE colloq)
    * * *
    mano1
    1 = hand.

    Ex: Even with such a limitation and many later supplementations by various hands, by way of addition, correction and amplification, it falls far short of completeness.

    * accionado a mano = hand-powered.
    * agresión a mano armada = armed assault.
    * ahorrar mano de obra = save + manpower.
    * al alcance de la mano = within arm's reach, within easy reach.
    * a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.
    * alargar la mano = reach out.
    * alargar la mano para coger = reach for.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * aparato de informática del tamaño de la palma de la mano = palm computing device.
    * apretón de manos = handshake.
    * arreglarse las manos = manicure.
    * asalto a mano armada = armed robbery, armed assault, heist.
    * asignado a mano = manually assigned.
    * atar de pies y manos = hogtie.
    * atraco a mano armada = armed robbery, heist, daylight robbery.
    * batidora de mano = food mincer.
    * bolsa de mano = flight bag, carryall bag, travelbag, soft bag.
    * bomba de mano = hand pump.
    * borrador escrito a mano = manuscript draft.
    * caer en manos de = fall into + the hands of.
    * caer en manos enemigas = fall into + enemy hands.
    * cambiar de manos = change + hands.
    * cambio de manos = change of hands.
    * carretilla de mano = pushcart.
    * coche de segunda mano = used car, second-hand car.
    * codificar a mano = hand-code.
    * coger a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.
    * coger de la mano = hold + Posesivo + hand.
    * coger la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.
    * cogerse de la mano = hold + hands.
    * cogerse la mano = join + hands.
    * cogido a mano = hand-picked.
    * confeccionar a mano = handcraft.
    * con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].
    * con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.
    * con las manos vacías = empty-handed.
    * conocer Algo como la palma de + Posesivo + mano = know + Algo + like the back of + Posesivo + hand.
    * conocer de primera mano = know + first-hand.
    * con una mano delante y otra detrás = penniless, broke, skint.
    * corregir a mano = hand-correct.
    * costes de mano de obra = labour costs.
    * crema de manos = hand cream.
    * crema limpiadora de manos = handcleaner.
    * croché a mano = hand crochet.
    * cubrir Algo con la mano = cup + Posesivo + hand + over + Nombre.
    * cultivado a mano = hand-reared.
    * dar a Alguien una mano y te cogen el brazo = give + Pronombre + an inch and + Pronombre + take a mile.
    * dar en mano = hand (over).
    * dar la mano = extend + Posesivo + hand.
    * dar la mano derecha = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * darse la mano = join + hands, shake + hand.
    * darse un apretón de manos = clasp + hands.
    * dar un apretón de manos = shake + hand.
    * decir adiós con la mano = wave + goodbye.
    * dedicación de mano de obra = expenditure of manpower.
    * dejado de la mano de Dios = God-forsaken.
    * dejar las manos de uno libres de = free + Posesivo + hands from.
    * de mano = hand-held [handheld].
    * de primera mano = at first hand, first-hand [firsthand], first-person.
    * de segunda mano = second-hand [secondhand].
    * despedir mano de obra = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.
    * de tercera mano = third-hand.
    * de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.
    * echarle una mano a = bat for, go to + bat for.
    * echar mano a/de = leverage.
    * echar mano a los ahorros = dip into + savings.
    * echar mano de = fall back on, call into + play.
    * echar una mano = lend + a (helping) hand, put + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, set + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, muck in, pitch in.
    * echar una mano a Alguien = give + Nombre + a hand.
    * el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.
    * en buenas manos = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * encaje de aguja a mano = needlepoint lace.
    * en mano = in hand.
    * en manos de = in the hands of.
    * en manos de extranjeros = foreign-owned.
    * en manos del enemigo = at the hands of enemies, at the hands of the enemy.
    * en manos enemigas = at the hands of enemies, at the hands of the enemy.
    * en + Posesivo + manos = at + Posesivo + hands.
    * entre manos = at hand, in hand.
    * equipaje de mano = carry-on luggage, cabin baggage, cabin luggage.
    * escalera de mano = stepladder.
    * escaparse de las manos de = slip beyond + the grasp of.
    * escasez de mano de obra = labour shortage.
    * escribir a mano = handletter.
    * escrito a mano = handwritten [hand-written], in black and white, in handwriting, longhand [long-hand].
    * escritura a mano = handwriting.
    * estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.
    * estar a mano = be on hand, be around.
    * estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.
    * estar en manos privadas = hold in + private hands.
    * experiencia de primera mano = first-hand experience.
    * extender la mano = put out + Posesivo + hand, reach out, put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * extender la mano para coger algo = hand + reach for.
    * fabricado a mano = hand-made.
    * falta de mano de obra = labour shortage.
    * freno de mano = hand brake [handbrake].
    * futuro + estar + en + Posesivo + manos = future + be + in + Posesivo + hands.
    * ganarle la mano a Alguien = steal + a march on.
    * ganchillo a mano = hand crochet.
    * golpeo a mano = hand-beating.
    * granada de mano = hand grenade.
    * hacer a mano = handcraft.
    * hacer todo lo que está en nuestras manos = pull out + all the stops.
    * hecho a mano = hand-made, hand-drawn, handcrafted.
    * hilado a mano = handspinning.
    * impulsado a mano = hand-powered.
    * ir de la mano = go + hand in hand (with), be hand in hand.
    * írsele a Uno Algo de las manos = get out of + hand, get out of + hand.
    * írsele la mano a Uno = overplay + Posesivo + hand.
    * juego de manos = sleight-of-hand.
    * juegos de manos = fingergame.
    * labores de croché a mano = hand-crochet work.
    * labores de ganchillo a mano = hand-crochet work.
    * la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world, the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
    * levantar la mano = raise + Posesivo + hand.
    * mano amiga = helping hand.
    * ¿mano blanda o mano dura? = the carrot vs. the stick, the carrot vs. the stick.
    * mano blanda y mano dura = carrots and sticks.
    * mano de hierro = iron fist, iron hand.
    * mano de obra = labour [labor, -USA], manpower, manpower force, work-force [workforce], work-force, labour force, manual labour.
    * mano de obra del campo = farm labour force.
    * mano de obra extranjera = foreign labour.
    * mano de obra infantil = child labour.
    * mano de obra inmigrante = foreign labour.
    * mano derecha = right hand.
    * mano dura = iron fist, iron hand.
    * mano fría de, la = cold hand of, the.
    * mano invisible, la = invisible hand, the.
    * mano negra = schemer.
    * manos libres = free hand, hands-free.
    * mantener a mano = keep to + hand.
    * más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    * menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick.
    * mercadillo de prendas de segunda mano = rummage sale.
    * meter las manos en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * meterle mano a = get + stuck into.
    * meter mano = grope.
    * meterse mano = pet.
    * moder la mano del que + dar de comer = bite + the hand that feeds + Pronombre.
    * no caer en buenas manos = fall into + the wrong hands.
    * ofrecer la mano = put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * ordenador de mano = Palm Pilot.
    * palma de la mano = palm of hand, palm.
    * papel a mano-máquina = mouldmade paper.
    * papel hecho a mano = hand-made paper.
    * pillar a alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed.
    * pintado a mano = hand-painted.
    * poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.
    * ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.
    * que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].
    * quitar de las manos = snap up.
    * realizado a mano = hand-made.
    * recogido a mano = hand-picked.
    * relato de primera mano = eyewitness report, eyewitness account, first-hand account.
    * repartir a manos llenas = dish out.
    * retorcerse las manos = wring + Posesivo + hands.
    * robo a mano armada = armed robbery, highway robbery.
    * ropa de segunda mano = second-hand clothes.
    * separar las manos = spread out + hands.
    * ser torpe con las manos = be all thumbs.
    * sierra de mano = handsaw.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * situación + irse de las manos = things + get out of hand.
    * tallado a mano = hand-carved.
    * tener algo a mano = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.
    * tener a mano = have at + Posesivo + touch, have + on call, have + to hand, keep within + reach, be to hand.
    * tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb.
    * tener entre manos = be up to.
    * todos manos a la obra = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * tomar la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.
    * trabajo entre manos, el = work at hand, the.
    * traerse algo malo entre manos = be up to no good, get up to + no good.
    * untar la mano = grease + Posesivo + palm, oil + Posesivo + palm.
    * vendedor de coches de segunda mano = used-car dealer, second-hand car dealer.

    mano2
    2 = coat.

    Ex: We will not accomplish that by being timid or by giving our profession a fresh coat of paint.

    * mano de pintura = paint job, lick of paint, coat of paint.

    mano3
    3 = quire.
    Nota: Unidad de venta del papel compuesta de 25 pliegos o la vigésima parte de una resma.

    Ex: The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.

    * mano de papel = quire.

    * * *
    A
    1 Anatomía
    2 Zoología: de un oso, perro
    B indicando posesión, control
    C en fútbol
    D del mortero
    E
    1 de papel
    2 de plátanos
    F de pintura, cera, barniz
    G
    1 vuelta, juego
    2 conjunto de cartas
    3 jugador
    H
    Compuestos:
    1 lado
    2 Automovilismo
    Sentido III obreros
    A
    tengo las manos sucias my hands are dirty
    no tengo más que dos manos I only have one pair of hands
    le dijo or hizo adiós con la mano he waved goodbye to her
    con las dos manos with both hands
    entrégaselo en sus propias manos give it to him in person
    [ S ] en su mano ( Corresp) by hand
    levanten la mano los que estén de acuerdo all those in favor raise their hands o please show ( frml)
    los que hayan terminado que levanten la mano put your hand up if you've finished
    lo hice yo, con mis propias manos I did it myself, with my own two hands
    salió con las manos en alto he came out with his hands in the air o up
    ¡manos arriba! or ¡arriba las manos! hands up!
    habla con las manos she talks with her hands
    se nota la mano de una mujer you can see the feminine touch
    ¡las manos quietas! keep your hands to yourself!
    su carta pasó de mano en mano her letter was passed around
    recibió el premio de manos del Rey she received the prize from the King himself
    darle la mano a algn (para saludar) to shake hands with sb, to shake sb's hand; (para ayudar, ser ayudado) to give sb one's hand
    dame la manito or (Esp, Méx) manita hold my hand
    le estreché la mano I shook hands with him, I shook his hand
    me tendió or me ofreció la mano he held out his hand to me
    hacerse las manos to have a manicure
    me leyó las manos she read my palm
    tocaron la pieza a cuatro manos they played the piece as a duet
    2 ( Zool) (de un oso, perro) paw; (de un mono) hand; ( Equ) forefoot, front foot
    el perro se puso de manos the dog stood on its hind legs
    manos hands (pl)
    ha cambiado de manos varias veces it has changed hands several times
    cayó en manos del enemigo it fell into enemy hands o into the hands of the enemy
    nueve de estas ciudades están en manos de los socialistas nine of these cities are held by the socialists
    el asunto está en manos de mis abogados the matter is in the hands of my lawyers
    el negocio está en buenas manos the business is in good hands
    haré todo lo que esté en mis manos or ( RPl) de mi mano I will do everything in my power
    mi mensaje nunca llegó a sus manos my message never reached him
    la muerte de José Ruiz a manos de la policía secreta the death of José Ruiz at the hands of the secret police
    la situación se nos va de las manos the situation is getting out of hand
    ¡qué oportunidad se nos ha ido de las manos! what an opportunity we let slip through our fingers!
    C (en fútbol) handball
    D (del mortero) pestle
    E
    1 (de papel) quire
    F (de pintura, cera, barniz) coat
    G ( Jueg)
    1 (vuelta, juego) hand
    no gané ni una mano I didn't win a single hand
    ¿nos echamos unas manos de dominó? how about a game of dominoes?
    me ha tocado una mano muy mala I've got a very bad hand o very bad cards
    3
    (jugador): soy/eres mano it's my/your lead
    tener la mano ( Col); to lead
    ganarle por la manoor (CS) de or la mano a algn ( fam): César me ganó por la mano César just beat me to it ( colloq)
    H ( en locs):
    a mano (no a máquina) by hand; (cerca) to hand
    hecho a mano handmade
    pintado a mano hand-painted
    escrito a mano handwritten
    un tapiz tejido a mano a handwoven tapestry
    zapatos cosidos a mano hand-stitched shoes
    tuve que batir las claras a mano I had to beat the egg whites by hand
    las tiendas me quedan muy a mano the shops are very close by o near o handy
    siempre tengo un diccionario a mano I always keep a dictionary handy o by me o ( BrE) to hand
    a mano ( AmL) (en paz) all square, quits
    a la mano ( AmL); close at hand
    de mano hand ( before n)
    en mano ‹lápiz/copa› in hand
    cayó fusil en mano he fell gun in hand
    [ S ] llave en mano immediate possession
    agarrar or ( esp Esp) coger a algn con las manos en la masa to catch sb red-handed
    agarrarle or tomarle la mano a algo (CS fam); to get the hang of sth ( colloq)
    a mano alzada ‹votación› by a show of hands;
    ‹dibujo› freehand; ‹dibujar› freehand
    a manos llenas ‹dar› generously;
    ‹gastar› lavishly
    aspirar a/pedir/conceder la mano de algn to aspire to/ask for/give sb's hand in marriage
    le concedió la mano de su hija en matrimonio he gave him his daughter's hand in marriage
    bajo mano on the quiet, on the sly ( colloq)
    cargar la mano ( fam): si cargas la mano se corre la tinta if you press too hard the ink runs
    no cargues la mano con la sal don't overdo the salt, go easy on the salt
    me cargó la mano en el precio she overcharged me
    le están cargando la mano en el trabajo they are asking too much of her o putting too much pressure on her at work
    desde que me cargó la mano no le he vuelto a hablar I haven't spoken to him since he hit me
    con una mano atrás y otra delante without a penny to one's name
    correrle mano a algn ( Chi vulg); to touch o feel sb up ( colloq)
    dar la mano derecha por algo to give one's right arm for sth
    darse la mano (para saludar) to shake hands; (para cruzar, jugar etc) to hold hands; (reunirse, fundirse) to come together
    el cristianismo y el paganismo se dan la mano en estos ritos Christianity and paganism come together in these rites
    la miseria de aquellas tierras dejadas de la mano de Dios the poverty of that godforsaken o desolate region
    de la mano: me tomó de la mano she took me by the hand, she took my hand
    iban (cogidos) de la mano they walked hand in hand
    de la mano de Mao under Mao's leadership
    de manos a boca suddenly, unexpectedly
    de primera mano (at) first hand
    de segunda mano ‹ropa› secondhand;
    ‹coche› used, secondhand; ‹información› secondhand
    echar or dar una mano to give o lend a hand
    echarle mano a algn ( fam); to lay o get one's hands on sb ( colloq)
    echar mano a algo ( fam); to grab sth
    echar mano de algo: tuvimos que echar mano de nuestros ahorros we had to dip into our savings
    la gente de quien podía echar mano the people I could turn to for help
    echarse/darse una mano de gato (CS fam); to retouch one's makeup o ( colloq) face
    echarse or llevarse las manos a la cabeza (literal) to put one's hands on one's head; (horrorizarse) to throw up one's hands in horror
    ensuciarse las manos (literal) to get one's hands dirty; (en un robo, crimen) to dirty one's hands
    (no poder actuar): la decisión es de ellos, yo tengo las manos atadas it's up to them, my hands are tied
    estar/quedar a mano ( fam AmL); to be even o quits ( colloq)
    frotarse las manos (literal) to rub one's hands together; (regodearse) to rub one's hands with glee
    írsele or ( Chi) pasársele la mano a algn: se te fue la mano con la sal you overdid the salt o put too much salt in
    le cobré $1.000 — se te fue un poco la mano ¿no? I charged him $1,000 — that was a bit steep, wasn't it? ( colloq)
    se te fue la mano, no deberías haberle contestado así you went too far o ( colloq) a bit over the top, you shouldn't have answered her back like that
    jugar a lo que hace la mano, hace la tras ( Méx); to play follow-the-leader
    lavarse las manos (literal) to wash one's hands
    yo me lavo las manos de todo este asunto I wash my hands of the whole affair
    les das la/una mano y se toman el brazo give them an inch and they'll take a mile
    levantarle la mano a algn to raise one's hand to sb
    mano a mano: nos comimos cuatro raciones de setas, mano a mano we polished off four dishes of mushrooms, just the two of us o between the two of us
    (ver tb mano a mano m)
    meter la mano en la caja or lata to dip one's fingers in the till, put one's hand in the till ( BrE)
    meterle mano a algn ( fam) (magrear, tocar) to touch o feel sb up ( colloq); (por un delito) to collar sb ( colloq)
    meterle mano a algo ( fam); to get to work on sth
    poner la(s) mano(s) en el fuego por algn to stick one's neck out for sb, put one's head on the block for sb
    ponerle la mano encima a algn to lay a hand o finger on sb
    poner manos a la obra to get down to work
    ¡manos a la obra! let's get down to it!
    por mi/tu/su mano: tomó la justicia or las cosas por su mano he took the law o he took things into his own hands
    quitarle algo de las manos a algn: me lo quitó de las manos she took it right out of my hands
    tuvieron mucho éxito, nos las quitaron de las manos they were a great success, they sold like hotcakes ( colloq)
    saber algn dónde tiene la mano derecha to know what one is about
    ser mano ancha ( Arg); to be generous
    ser mano de santo to work wonders
    ser mano larga (para pegar) to be free with one's hands; (para robar) to be light-fingered
    tenderle una mano a algn to offer sb a (helping) hand
    tener algo entre manos to be dealing with o working on sth
    tener (la) mano larga or las manos largas ( fam) (para pegar) to be free with one's hands; (para robar) to be light-fingered
    tener la mano pesada to be heavy-handed
    tener mano de seda to have a light touch
    tener mano para algo to be good at sth
    tiene mano para la cocina/el dibujo he's very good at cooking/drawing
    traerse algo entre manos: los niños están muy callados, algo se traen entre manos the children are very quiet, they must be up to something ( colloq)
    untarle la mano a algn ( fam); to grease somebody's palm ( colloq)
    muchas manos en un plato hacen mucho garabato too many cooks spoil the broth
    Compuestos:
    en un mano a mano se terminaron una botella de ginebra ( fam); between the two of them they got through a bottle of gin
    jugamos un mano a mano y gané yo it was him against me and I won
    el debate se convirtió en un mano a mano entre los dos líderes the debate turned into a contest between the two leaders
    pig's foot ( AmE), pig's trotter ( BrE)
    labor*
    wage labor, wage labour ( BrE)
    right-hand man/woman
    firm hand
    hay que tener mano dura con ellos you have to be firm with them
    tiene mucha mano izquierda con sus hijos he knows how to handle his children
    ( Méx fam): no vale mano negra you're not allowed to help him ( o tell him the answer etc)
    en esa quiebra hubo mano negra there was something fishy about the way that company went bankrupt ( colloq)
    fpl:
    tierras en manos muertas lands held in mortmain
    1 (lado) side
    ¿queda de esta mano o tengo que cruzar? is it on this side of the street or do I have to cross?
    tome la segunda calle a mano derecha take the second street on the right
    la casa queda a mano derecha the house is on the right o on the right-hand side
    2 ( Auto):
    yo iba por mi mano I was on my side of the road, I was on the right side of the road
    mano2 -na
    masculine, feminine
    * * *

     

    Del verbo manar: ( conjugate manar)

    mano es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    manó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    manar    
    mano
    manar ( conjugate manar) verbo intransitivo
    to pour
    mano 1 sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Anat) hand;


    levantar la mano to raise one's hands, put one's hand up;
    ¡manos arriba! or ¡arriba las manos! hands up!;
    con la mano en el corazón hand on heart;
    le hizo adiós con la mano he waved goodbye to her;
    su carta pasó de mano en mano her letter was passed around;
    darle la mano a algn ( para saludar) to shake hands with sb, to shake sb's hand;

    (para ayudar, ser ayudado) to give sb one's hand;

    me tendió la mano he held out his hand to me;
    me tomó de la mano she took me by the hand;
    ir (tomados) de la mano to walk hand in hand;
    mano de obra labor
    b) (Zool) (de oso, perro) paw;

    ( de mono) hand;
    (Equ) forefoot, front foot
    2 (control, posesión) gen
    ◊ manos hands (pl);

    ha cambiado de manos it has changed hands;
    cayó en manos del enemigo it fell into the hands of the enemy;
    haré todo lo que esté en mis manos I will do everything in my power;
    la oportunidad se nos fue de las manos we let the opportunity slip through our fingers;
    se tomó la justicia por su propia mano he took the law into his own hands
    3 ( en fútbol) handball
    4 ( del mortero) pestle
    5 (de pintura, barniz) coat
    6 (Jueg) (vuelta, juego) hand;
    ( conjunto de cartas) hand;
    ( jugador):
    ◊ soy/eres mano it's my/your lead

    7 ( en locs)

    hecho a mano handmade;
    escrito a mano handwritten;
    tejido a mano handwoven;
    las tiendas me quedan muy a mano the shops are very close by o near;
    siempre tengo un diccionario a mano I always keep a dictionary by me;
    a la mano (AmL) close at hand;
    de mano hand ( before n);
    en mano ‹lápiz/copa› in hand;
    agarrar or (esp Esp) coger a algn con las manos en la masa to catch sb red-handed;
    agarrarle or tomarle la mano a algo (CS fam) to get the hang of sth (colloq);
    bajo mano on the quiet, on the sly (colloq);
    con las manos vacías empty-handed;
    darse la mano ( para saludar) to shake hands;

    (para cruzar, jugar, etc) to hold hands;

    echar or dar una mano to give o lend a hand;
    echar mano a algo (fam) to grab sth;
    estar/quedar a mano (AmL fam) to be even o quits (colloq);
    lavarse las manos to wash one's hands;
    levantarle la mano a algn to raise one's hand to sb;
    llegar or pasar a las manos to come to blows;
    pedir la mano de algn to ask for sb's hand in marriage;
    ser la mano derecha de algn to be sb's right-hand man/woman;
    tenderle una mano a algn to offer sb a (helping) hand;
    tener mano dura to have a firm hand;
    tener mano para algo to be good at sth;
    traerse algo entre manos to be up to sth (colloq)
    8
    a) ( lado) side;


    a mano derecha on the right

    mano 2
    ◊ -na sustantivo masculino, femenino (AmL fam) ( apelativo) buddy (AmE colloq), mate (BrE colloq)

    manar
    I verbo intransitivo to flow [de, from]
    II verbo transitivo to flow with: la cañería está manando agua, the pipe is pouring with water
    mano sustantivo femenino
    1 hand
    (de animal) forefoot
    (de perro, gato) paw
    (de cerdo) trotter
    2 (autoría, estilo) influence: se ve su mano en el asunto, he obviously has a hand in this business
    3 (maña) skill: tiene mucha mano con los niños, he's very good with children
    4 (capa) coat
    dos manos de pintura, two coats of paint
    5 (lado) a mano derecha/izquierda, on the right/left (hand side)
    6 (poder) (usu pl) hand: dejo todo en tus manos, I leave everything in your hands
    está en su mano, it's in his power
    7 (del almirez) pestle
    8 mano de obra, labour (force)
    ♦ Locuciones: a mano, (sin máquina) by hand
    (asequible) at hand
    a mano alzada, by a show of hands
    a mano armada, armed
    de mano, hand: bolso de mano, hand luggage
    de primera mano, fist-hand
    de segunda mano, second-hand
    echar una mano a alguien, to give sb a hand
    estrechar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
    ¡manos a la obra!, shoulders to the wheel!
    ¡manos arriba!, hands up!
    meter mano, (a un problema) to tackle
    vulgar to touch up
    pillar a alguien con las manos en la masa, to catch sb red-handed

    ' mano' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - alzada
    - alzado
    - anda
    - antes
    - armada
    - armado
    - artesanía
    - atraco
    - azotar
    - azote
    - barrena
    - caligrafía
    - canto
    - chocar
    - cogerse
    - cuenco
    - dar
    - dedo
    - dejada
    - dejado
    - derecha
    - echar
    - esconder
    - escrita
    - escrito
    - estrechar
    - estrecharse
    - extender
    - fastidiarse
    - freno
    - fuego
    - holgazanear
    - imputar
    - izquierda
    - izquierdo
    - justicia
    - levantar
    - literalmente
    - manca
    - mancha
    - manco
    - motricidad
    - ortopédica
    - ortopédico
    - palma
    - pañuelo
    - peldaño
    - picar
    - proyectar
    English:
    add on
    - armed robbery
    - back
    - bird
    - bite
    - blow-dry
    - brake
    - brush
    - by
    - cart
    - catapult
    - chronic
    - circle
    - clammy
    - coat
    - colour
    - dip
    - dip into
    - extend
    - finger
    - first-hand
    - fit into
    - gash
    - give
    - godforsaken
    - govern
    - grip
    - grope
    - guitar
    - hand
    - hand-held
    - hand-luggage
    - handbrake
    - handmade
    - handwritten
    - handy
    - hankie
    - hanky
    - have
    - heavy-handed
    - hold
    - hold on
    - hold out
    - hold up
    - impression
    - imprint
    - inch
    - join
    - jumble
    - junk shop
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de persona] hand;
    dar o [m5] estrechar la mano a alguien to shake hands with sb;
    darse o [m5] estrecharse la mano to shake hands;
    le dije adiós con la mano I waved goodbye to him;
    bolso de mano Br handbag, US purse;
    equipaje de mano hand luggage;
    paseaban de la mano they were walking along hand in hand;
    ir de la mano [asuntos, problemas] to go hand in hand;
    de mano en mano: la foto fue o [m5] pasó de mano en mano the photo was passed around;
    entregar algo a alguien en mano to deliver sth to sb in person;
    frotarse las manos [por frío, entumecimiento] to rub one's hands (together);
    [regocijarse] to rub one's hands (with glee);
    hecho a mano handmade;
    lo tuve que hacer a mano I had to do it by hand;
    lavarse las manos [literalmente] to wash one's hands;
    ¡yo me lavo las manos! [me desentiendo] I wash my hands of it!;
    leerle la mano a alguien to read sb's palm;
    ¡manos arriba!, ¡arriba las manos! hands up!;
    ¡manos a la obra! let's get down to it!;
    pedir la mano de una mujer to ask for a woman's hand (in marriage);
    robo a mano armada armed robbery;
    mano derecha [persona] right-hand man/woman;
    ser la mano derecha de alguien to be sb's right-hand man/woman;
    Der manos muertas mortmain
    2. [de animal] forefoot;
    [de perro, gato] (front) paw; [de cerdo] (front) trotter
    3. [de pintura, barniz] coat;
    dar una mano de pintura a algo to give sth a coat o lick of paint
    4. [de mortero] pestle
    5. [de naipes] [partida] game;
    [ronda] hand;
    eres mano it's your lead
    6. [en deportes] [falta] handball;
    el árbitro pitó mano the referee blew for handball
    7. [deporte] pelota [played with hand rather than with hand-held basket]
    8. [serie, tanda] series
    9. [lado]
    a mano derecha/izquierda (de) on the right/left (of);
    10. Andes, CAm, Méx [objetos] = group of four or five objects
    11. Am [de plátanos] bunch
    12. CAm, Chile, Méx [accidente] mishap, accident
    13. RP [dirección] direction [of traffic];
    calle de una/doble mano one-/two-way street
    14. [influencia] influence;
    tener mano con alguien to have influence with sb
    15. [intervención] hand;
    la mano de la CIA está detrás de todo esto you can see the hand of the CIA in this affair
    mano negra hidden hand;
    mano oculta hidden hand
    16. [habilidad]
    tener buena mano para algo to have a knack for sth;
    ¡que mano tienes para las plantas! you've really got Br green fingers o US a green thumb!
    mano izquierda:
    tener mano izquierda con algo/alguien to know how to deal with sth/sb
    17. [poder, posesión]
    a manos de at the hands of;
    de manos de alguien: recibió la medalla de manos del ministro he received the medal from the minister himself;
    cambiar de manos to change hands;
    en manos de: caer en manos de alguien to fall into sb's hands;
    dejar algo en manos de alguien to leave sth in sb's hands;
    estar en manos de alguien to be in sb's hands;
    estar en buenas manos to be in good hands;
    haré lo que esté en mi mano I'll do everything within my power;
    ponerse en manos de alguien to put oneself in sb's hands;
    de primera mano [vehículo] brand new;
    [noticias] first-hand;
    de segunda mano second-hand
    18.
    manos [ayudantes] helpers;
    nos van a hacer falta varias manos para mover el piano we're going to need several people to move the piano
    19. Comp
    abrir la mano to be more lenient;
    alzar la mano contra alguien to raise one's hand to sb;
    CSur
    agarrar la mano a algo to get the hang of sth;
    bajo mano secretly;
    de manos a boca suddenly, unexpectedly;
    cargar la mano to go over the top;
    RP Fam
    con una mano en la cintura: esto lo hago con una mano en la cintura I can do this with my hands tied behind my back;
    con la mano en el corazón: te lo digo con la mano en el corazón I'm being perfectly honest with you;
    Fam
    con una mano delante y otra detrás: está en la ruina, con una mano delante y otra detrás he hasn't got a penny to his name;
    estar dejado de la mano de Dios [lugar] to be godforsaken;
    [persona] to be a total failure;
    echar mano a algo: echó mano al bolso y se marchó she took her bag and left;
    echar mano de algo [recurrir a] to make use of sth, to resort to sth;
    echar mano de alguien [recurrir a] to turn to sb;
    echar una mano a alguien to give sb a hand;
    ensuciarse las manos to get one's hands dirty;
    escaparse o [m5]irse de las manos: se me escapó o [m5] fue de las manos una oportunidad excelente an excellent chance slipped through my hands;
    este proyecto se nos ha escapado o [m5] ido de las manos this project has got out of hand;
    ganar por la mano o RP [m5] de mano a alguien to beat sb to it;
    írsele la mano a alguien: se le fue la mano [perdió el control] she lost control;
    [exageró] she went too far;
    se me fue la mano con la sal I overdid the salt;
    levantarle la mano a alguien to raise one's hand to sb;
    llegar a las manos (por algo) to come to blows (over sth);
    a manos llenas generously;
    llevarse las manos a la cabeza [gesticular] to throw one's hands in the air (in horror);
    [indignarse, horrorizarse] to be horrified;
    con mano dura o [m5] de hierro with a firm hand;
    Fam
    mano a mano: se bebieron la botella mano a mano they drank the bottle between the two of them;
    estar mano sobre mano to be sitting around doing nothing;
    Esp
    coger o Am [m5] agarrar a alguien con las manos en la masa to catch sb red-handed o in the act;
    Fam
    meter mano a alguien [investigar] to get onto sb;
    [sobar sin consentimiento] to grope sb; [sobar con consentimiento] to pet sb; Fam
    meter mano a algo to tackle sth;
    meter la mano en algo [intervenir] to poke one's nose into sth, to meddle in sth;
    RP Fam
    meter la mano en el tarro o [m5] la lata to dip one's fingers in the till;
    ponerle la mano encima a alguien: ¡como te ponga la mano encima…! if I lay o get my hands on you…!;
    ¡no me pongas las manos encima! don't you touch me o lay a finger on me!;
    poner la mano en el fuego: creo que es así, pero no pondría la mano en el fuego I think that's the case, but I couldn't vouch for it;
    Fam
    ser mano de santo to work wonders;
    tender una mano a alguien to give/offer sb one's hand;
    Fam Hum
    tener manos de árbol to be ham-fisted o ham-handed;
    tengo las manos atadas my hands are tied;
    tener las manos muy largas [aficionado a pegar] to be fond of a fight;
    [aficionado a robar] to be light-fingered;
    tener manos libres para hacer algo to have a free rein to do sth;
    tengo las manos limpias my hands are clean;
    tener manos de mantequilla to be butter-fingered;
    traerse algo entre manos to be up to sth;
    untarle la mano a alguien to grease sb's palm;
    con las manos vacías empty-handed
    mano de obra [trabajadores] labour, workers; [trabajo manual] labour;
    la mano de obra barata atrae a los inversores investors are attracted by the cheap labour costs;
    mano de obra cualificada skilled labour o workers;
    mano de obra especializada skilled labour o workers;
    mano de obra semicualificada semi-skilled labour o workers
    ♦ nmf
    RP Fam
    ser un mano abierta to be open-handed;
    es un mano larga [toquetón] he's always poking around where he shouldn't;
    [con las mujeres] he has wandering-hand trouble
    ♦ a mano loc adv
    1. [cerca] at o to hand, handy;
    ¿tienes el encendedor a mano? have you got your lighter handy?;
    el supermercado está o [m5] queda muy a mano the supermarket is very close by;
    mi casa es muy a mano de todo my house is very handy for everything
    2. Am [en paz]
    estar o [m5] quedar a mano to be quits o all square
    un mano a mano entre los dos candidatos a head-to-head between the two candidates
    ♦ manos libres nm inv
    [teléfono] hands free set
    mano2 nm
    Am salvo RP Fam pal, Br mate, US buddy
    * * *
    I f
    1 ANAT hand; de animal paw;
    ¡manos arriba! hands up!;
    lo hicieron mano a mano they did it between them;
    un mano a mano a contest;
    de mano en mano from hand to hand;
    a cuatro manos MÚS for four hands;
    a mano derecha/izquierda on the right/ lefthand side;
    a manos llenas fig generously;
    con las manos vacías fig empty-handed;
    ser mano de santo work wonders;
    bajo mano on the quiet;
    de segunda mano second-hand;
    de primera mano first-hand;
    ser la mano derecha de alguien fig be s.o.’s right hand;
    tener mucha mano izquierda be very skillful o Br skilful;
    atar las manos a alguien fig tie s.o.’s hands;
    dejado de la mano de Dios fig godforsaken;
    echar mano a fam grab;
    echar mano de fig use, make use of;
    echar una mano a alguien give s.o. a hand;
    estar a manos L.Am. fam be even, be quits;
    hecho a mano hand-made;
    venir a las manos come to blows;
    pedir la mano de alguien ask for s.o.’s hand in marriage;
    poner la mano en el fuego fig swear to it;
    poner manos a la obra get down to work;
    se le fue la mano con fig he overdid it with;
    tender la mano a alguien fig hold out a helping hand to s.o.;
    tener a mano have to hand;
    tener buena/mala mano para (hacer) algo be good/bad at (doing) sth;
    de hierro with a firm hand o with an iron fist;
    estar en buenas manos be in good hands;
    lo dejo en sus manos I’ll leave it in your hands;
    traerse algo entre manos be plotting sth;
    a alguien raise one’s hand to s.o.;
    llevarse las manos a la cabeza fig throw up one’s hands (in horror);
    andar cogidos de la mano walk hand in hand;
    tomar a alguien de la mano take s.o. by the hand, take s.o.’s hand;
    meter mano a alguien fam feel s.o. up fam, grope s.o. fam ;
    pal fam, buddy fam
    * * *
    mano nf
    1) : hand
    2) : coat (of paint or varnish)
    3)
    a mano : by hand
    4)
    a mano or
    a la mano : handy, at hand, nearby
    5)
    darse la mano : to shake hands
    6)
    de la mano : hand in hand
    la política y la economía van de la mano: politics and economics go hand in hand
    7)
    de primera mano : firsthand, at firsthand
    8)
    de segunda mano : secondhand
    ropa de segunda mano: secondhand clothing
    9)
    mano a mano : one-on-one
    mano de obra : labor, manpower
    mano de mortero : pestle
    echar una mano : to lend a hand
    mano negra Mex fam : shady dealings pl
    mano, -na n, Mex fam : buddy, pal
    ¡oye, mano!: hey man!
    * * *
    mano n
    1. (en general) hand
    2. (de pintura) coat
    a mano derecha / a mano izquierda on the right / on the left
    darse la mano to shake hands [pt. shook; pp. shaken]
    echar una mano to lend a hand [pt. & pp. lent]

    Spanish-English dictionary > mano

  • 37 reach

    1.
    [riːtʃ]transitive verb
    1) (arrive at) erreichen; ankommen od. eintreffen in (+ Dat.) [Stadt, Land]; erzielen [Übereinstimmung, Übereinkunft]; kommen zu [Entscheidung, Entschluss; Ausgang, Eingang]

    be easily reached — leicht erreichbar od. zu erreichen sein (by mit)

    have you reached page 45 yet? — bist du schon auf Seite 45 [angelangt]?

    you can reach her at this number/by radio — du kannst sie unter dieser Nummer/über Funk erreichen

    2) (extend to) [Straße:] führen bis zu; [Leiter, Haar:] reichen bis zu
    3) (pass)

    reach me that book — reich mir das Buch herüber

    2. intransitive verb
    1) (stretch out hand)
    2) (be long/tall enough)

    something will/won't reach — etwas ist/ist nicht lang genug

    he can't reach up to the top shelf — er kann das oberste Regal nicht [mit der Hand] erreichen

    will it reach as far as...? — wird es bis zu... reichen?

    can you reach? — kannst od. kommst du dran? (ugs.)

    3) (go as far as) [Wasser, Gebäude, Besitz:] reichen ([up] to bis [hinauf] zu)
    3. noun
    1) (extent of reaching) Reichweite, die

    be within easy reach — [Ort:] leicht erreichbar sein

    be out of reach — [Ort:] nicht erreichbar sein; [Gegenstand:] außer Reichweite sein

    keep something within easy reach — etwas in greifbarer Nähe aufbewahren

    be within/beyond the reach of somebody — in/außer jmds. Reichweite sein; (fig.) für jemanden im/nicht im Bereich des Möglichen liegen; (financially) für jemanden erschwinglich/unerschwinglich sein

    2) (expanse) Abschnitt, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/90747/reach_down">reach down
    * * *
    [ri: ] 1. verb
    1) (to arrive at (a place, age etc): We'll never reach London before dark; Money is not important when you reach my age; The noise reached our ears; Has the total reached a thousand dollars yet?; Have they reached an agreement yet?)
    2) (to (be able to) touch or get hold of (something): My keys have fallen down this hole and I can't reach them.) erreichen
    3) (to stretch out one's hand in order to touch or get hold of something: He reached (across the table) for another cake; She reached out and took the book; He reached across/over and slapped her.) greifen
    4) (to make contact with; to communicate with: If anything happens you can always reach me by phone.) erreichen
    5) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) reichen
    2. noun
    1) (the distance that can be travelled easily: My house is within (easy) reach (of London).) die Reichweite
    2) (the distance one can stretch one's arm: I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's reach; My keys are down that hole, just out of reach (of my fingers); The boxer has a very long reach.) die Reichweite
    3) ((usually in plural) a straight part of a river, canal etc: the lower reaches of the Thames.) die Flußstrecke
    * * *
    [ri:tʃ]
    I. n
    <pl -es>
    1. no pl (arm length) Reichweite f
    to have a long/short \reach lange/kurze Arme pl haben
    out of/within \reach außer/in Reichweite
    to be out of [or beyond] /within [or in] sb's \reach sich akk nicht/sich akk in jds Reichweite befinden
    the apples were on a branch just out of/within [my] \reach die Äpfel hingen an einem Ast, an den ich nicht herankam/ich gerade noch [heran]kam
    to be within arm's [or easy] \reach in greifbarer Nähe sein
    to keep sth out of/within \reach etw außer Reichweite/parat haben
    I like to keep a notebook and pencil within [arm's] \reach ich habe immer etwas zum Schreiben parat
    keep out of \reach of children für Kinder unzugänglich aufbewahren!
    to be within [easy] \reach [ganz] in der Nähe sein
    3. no pl (power) Reichweite f
    4. no pl TV, RADIO [Sende]bereich m
    5.
    ▪ \reaches pl (part) Abschnitt m; (land) Gebiet nt; (river) [Fluss]abschnitt m; ( fig: circles) Kreise pl
    the higher \reaches of government die oberen Regierungskreise
    the farthest [or outermost] \reaches of the universe die entlegensten Bereiche des Universums
    6. no pl (stretch)
    to make a \reach for sb/sth nach jdm/etw greifen; ( fig)
    it takes quite a \reach of the imagination to... es bedarf schon einer gehörigen Portion Vorstellungskraft, um...
    7.
    ▶ to be out of [or beyond] /within [or in] sb's \reach (capability) nicht im Rahmen/im Rahmen des Möglichen liegen; (financially) jds finanzielle Möglichkeiten übersteigen/für jdn erschwinglich sein
    after years of saving the car was at last within her \reach nach jahrelangem Sparen konnte sie sich endlich das Auto leisten
    ▶ to be beyond sb's \reach (intellectually) über jds Horizont gehen
    ▶ to come within \reach of doing sth kurz davor sein, etw zu tun
    II. vi
    1. (stretch) langen fam, greifen
    she \reached to the top shelf of the cupboard and produced a present sie langte in das oberste Schrankfach und holte ein Geschenk hervor fam
    ▪ to \reach across/into/through sth über/in/durch etw akk langen fam
    ▪ to \reach for sth nach etw dat greifen [o fam langen]
    ▪ to \reach over sth über etw akk [hinüber]greifen [o fam hinüberlangen
    2. (touch) herankommen, [d]rankommen fam, heranreichen
    can you get the book? I can't \reach kannst du mir das Buch geben? ich komme nicht [d]ran fam
    3. (extend) reichen
    ▪ to \reach to [or as far as] sth bis zu etw dat reichen
    the snow \reached almost to my knees der Schnee ging [o reichte] mir fast bis zu den Knien
    4.
    ▶ \reach for the sky [or skies]! AM ( dated sl) Hände hoch!
    ▶ to \reach for the stars nach den Sternen greifen
    III. vt
    to \reach sb/sth jdn/etw erreichen
    how long will it take this letter to \reach Italy? wie lange braucht dieser Brief bis nach Italien?
    the news has only just \reached me ich habe die Nachricht gerade erst erhalten
    I \reached chapter five ich bin bis Kapitel fünf gekommen
    to \reach one's destination an seinem Bestimmungsort ankommen
    to \reach sb's ears sound an jds Ohren dringen; information jdm zu Ohren kommen
    to be easily \reached leicht zu erreichen sein
    to \reach the finishing line [or the tape] die Ziellinie überqueren, durchs Ziel kommen
    2. (attain)
    ▪ to \reach sth etw erreichen
    the temperature is expected to \reach 25°C today heute soll es bis zu 25°C warm werden
    she had \reached the nadir of her existence sie war an einem absoluten Tiefpunkt [in ihrem Leben] angelangt
    to \reach adulthood [or maturity] /one's majority erwachsen/volljährig werden
    to \reach an agreement/a consensus eine Übereinkunft/Übereinstimmung erzielen
    to \reach a certain altitude/velocity eine bestimmte Höhe/Geschwindigkeit erreichen
    to \reach the conclusion/decision that... zu dem Schluss/der Entscheidung kommen, dass...
    to \reach [a] deadlock in einer Sackgasse landen fig
    to \reach fever pitch den Siedepunkt erreichen
    to \reach an impasse nicht mehr weiterkommen
    to \reach manhood/womanhood zum Mann/zur Frau werden
    to \reach orgasm zum Orgasmus kommen
    to \reach the point of no return einen Punkt erreichen, an dem es kein Zurück [mehr] gibt
    she's \reached the point of no return es gibt für sie kein Zurück [mehr]
    to have \reached one's prime/puberty im besten Alter/in der Pubertät sein
    to \reach a settlement zu einer Einigung gelangen
    to \reach the turning point zum Wendepunkt kommen
    to \reach a verdict zu einem Urteil gelangen
    ▪ to \reach sth road bis zu etw dat führen; hair, clothing bis zu etw dat reichen
    her hair \reaches her waistline ihre Haare reichen ihr bis zur Taille
    to be able to \reach sth an etw akk heranreichen [können], an etw akk herankommen
    our daughter can \reach the door handle now unsere Tochter kommt jetzt schon an den Türgriff ran fam
    5. (give)
    ▪ to \reach sb sth jdm etw hinüberreichen [o geh reichen]
    can you \reach me the water, please? kannst du mir bitte das Wasser herüberreichen?
    I \reached him a plate from the cupboard ich holte ihm einen Teller aus dem Schrank
    6.
    ▪ to \reach sb (contact) jdn erreichen; (phone) jdn [telefonisch] erreichen
    7. TV, RADIO
    to \reach an audience ein Publikum erreichen
    ▪ to \reach sb jdn erreichen fig, zu jdm vordringen fig
    * * *
    [riːtʃ]
    1. n
    1)

    (= act of reaching) to make a reach for sth — nach etw greifen

    2)

    (denoting accessibility) within/out of sb's reach — in/außer jds Reichweite (dat), in/außer Reichweite für jdn

    mountains within easy reach — Berge, die leicht erreichbar sind

    this town is within easy reach of London for a day trip — man kann von dieser Stadt aus gut Tagesflüge nach London machen

    this subject is beyond his reach — dieses Thema geht über seinen Horizont (inf)

    3) (= distance one can reach) Reichweite f; (BOXING) Aktionsradius m

    a long reach — lange Arme pl, ein großer Aktionsradius

    4) (= sphere of action, influence) Einflussbereich m
    5)

    (= stretch) reaches (of beach, river) — Strecke f; (of canal) Wasserhaltung f; (of woodland) Gebiet nt

    2. vt
    1) (= arrive at) erreichen; point ankommen an (+dat); town, country ankommen in (+dat); perfection erlangen; agreement, understanding erzielen, kommen zu; conclusion kommen or gelangen zu

    when we reached him he was dead — als wir zu ihm kamen, war er tot

    to reach the terrace you have to cross the garden — um auf die Terrasse zu kommen, muss man durch den Garten gehen

    to reach school age/the age of 50 — das Schulalter/die 50 erreichen

    you can reach me at my hotel —

    2)

    (= stretch to get or touch) to be able to reach sth — an etw (acc) (heran)reichen können, bis zu etw langen können (inf)

    3) (= come up to, go down to) reichen or gehen bis zu
    4) (inf: get and give) langen (inf), reichen

    reach me ( over) that book — reiche or lang (inf) mir das Buch (herüber)

    5) (US JUR) witness bestechen
    3. vi
    1) (to, as far as bis) (territory etc) sich erstrecken, gehen, reichen; (voice, sound) tragen
    2) (= stretch out hand or arm) greifen
    3)
    * * *
    reach [riːtʃ]
    A v/t
    1. (hin-, her)reichen, geben
    3. a) (her)langen, nehmen:
    reach sth down etwas herunterlangen oder -nehmen;
    reach sth up etwas hinaufreichen oder -langen
    b) erreichen:
    can you reach that book on the shelf?
    4. reach out die Hand etc ausstrecken:
    reach out a hand for langen oder greifen nach
    5. reichen oder sich erstrecken oder gehen bis an (akk) oder zu:
    the water reached his knees das Wasser ging ihm bis an die Knie
    6. eine Zahl etc erreichen, sich belaufen auf (akk):
    the cost will reach millions die Kosten werden in die Millionen gehen;
    he reached a great age er erreichte ein hohes Alter
    7. eine Übereinkunft etc erreichen, erzielen, gelangen zu:
    reach no conclusion zu keinem Schluss kommen
    8. a) einen Ort erreichen, eintreffen oder ankommen in oder an (dat):
    reach home nach Hause gelangen;
    reach sb’s ear jemandem zu Ohren kommen
    b) jemanden erreichen (on unter einer Telefonnummer):
    he can be reached at his office er ist in seinem Büro erreichbar;
    his letter never reached us sein Brief ist nie bei uns angekommen
    9. das Endspiel, das Ziel etc erreichen
    10. fig (ein)wirken auf (akk), beeinflussen, jemanden (durch Argumente, Werbung etc) ansprechen oder gewinnen:
    reach a large audience ein großes Publikum erreichen
    11. obs oder poet verstehen, begreifen
    B v/i
    1. (mit der Hand) reichen oder greifen oder langen (to bis zu)
    2. a) auch reach out langen, greifen ( beide:
    for nach) (beide a. fig):
    reach above o.s. fig über sich hinauswachsen
    b) reach out die Hand ausstrecken
    3. reichen, sich erstrecken oder ausdehnen ( alle:
    to bis [zu]):
    the water reached as far as his knees das Wasser ging ihm bis an die Knie;
    as far as the eye can reach so weit das Auge reicht
    4. sich belaufen (to auf akk)
    5. SCHIFF mit Backstagbrise segeln
    C s
    1. Griff m:
    make a reach for sth nach etwas greifen oder langen
    2. Reich-, Tragweite f (eines Geschosses, einer Waffe, auch der Stimme etc):
    above ( oder beyond, out of) sb’s reach außer jemandes Reichweite, für jemanden unerreichbar oder unerschwinglich;
    within reach erreichbar;
    within sb’s reach in jemandes Reichweite, für jemanden erreichbar oder erschwinglich;
    within easy reach leicht zu erreichen;
    within easy reach of the station vom Bahnhof aus leicht zu erreichen;
    she lives within easy reach of the shops (bes US stores) von ihrer Wohnung aus sind die Geschäfte leicht zu erreichen
    3. Ausdehnung f, Bereich m, Umfang m, Spannweite f:
    have a wide reach einen weiten Spielraum haben, sich weit erstrecken
    4. ausgedehnte Fläche:
    a reach of woodland ein ausgedehntes Waldgebiet
    5. fig Weite f, (geistige) Leistungsfähigkeit oder Fassungskraft, (geistiger) Horizont
    6. Einflusssphäre f, -bereich m:
    it is not within my reach es steht nicht in meiner Macht
    7. a) Kanalabschnitt m (zwischen zwei Schleusen)
    b) (überschaubare) Flussstrecke
    8. TECH Kupplungsdeichsel f
    9. US oder obs Vorgebirge n, Landzunge f
    10. Boxen: Reichweite f
    * * *
    1.
    [riːtʃ]transitive verb
    1) (arrive at) erreichen; ankommen od. eintreffen in (+ Dat.) [Stadt, Land]; erzielen [Übereinstimmung, Übereinkunft]; kommen zu [Entscheidung, Entschluss; Ausgang, Eingang]

    be easily reached — leicht erreichbar od. zu erreichen sein (by mit)

    have you reached page 45 yet? — bist du schon auf Seite 45 [angelangt]?

    you can reach her at this number/by radio — du kannst sie unter dieser Nummer/über Funk erreichen

    2) (extend to) [Straße:] führen bis zu; [Leiter, Haar:] reichen bis zu
    2. intransitive verb
    2) (be long/tall enough)

    something will/won't reach — etwas ist/ist nicht lang genug

    he can't reach up to the top shelf — er kann das oberste Regal nicht [mit der Hand] erreichen

    will it reach as far as...? — wird es bis zu... reichen?

    can you reach? — kannst od. kommst du dran? (ugs.)

    3) (go as far as) [Wasser, Gebäude, Besitz:] reichen ([up] to bis [hinauf] zu)
    3. noun
    1) (extent of reaching) Reichweite, die

    be within easy reach — [Ort:] leicht erreichbar sein

    be out of reach — [Ort:] nicht erreichbar sein; [Gegenstand:] außer Reichweite sein

    be within/beyond the reach of somebody — in/außer jmds. Reichweite sein; (fig.) für jemanden im/nicht im Bereich des Möglichen liegen; (financially) für jemanden erschwinglich/unerschwinglich sein

    2) (expanse) Abschnitt, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    (§ pl.: reaches)
    = Reichweite f. (for) v.
    erreichen v.
    greifen (nach) v.
    sich erstrecken v.

    English-german dictionary > reach

  • 38 δύναμις

    δύναμις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) gener. ‘capability’, with emphasis on function.
    ① potential for functioning in some way, power, might, strength, force, capability
    ⓐ general, λαμβάνειν δ. receive power Ac 1:8 (cp. Epict. 1, 6, 28; 4, 1, 109; Tat. 16, 1 δραστικωτέρας δ.); ἰδίᾳ δ. by one’s own capability 3:12. Of kings τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν Rv 17:13 (cp. Just., A I, 17, 3 βασιλικῆς δ.).—Of God’s power (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac. θεῶν δ., Diod S 1, 20, 6 τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν of Osiris’ function as benefactor to humanity; 5, 71, 6; 27, 12, 1; 34 + 35 Fgm. 28, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 70, 75; 84; 23 [40], 36; Herm. Wr. 14, 9 ὁ θεὸς …, ἡ [ᾧ v.l.] πᾶσα δύναμις τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα; PGM 4, 641; 7, 582; 12, 250; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 4; 7 [Fgm. 4, ln. 22 p. 164; ln. 84 p. 172]; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 8, 109; 9, 15; SibOr 3, 72; Just., A I, 32, 11 al.) Mt 22:29; Mk 12:24; Lk 22:69; Ro 1:16, 20 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 167 God is known through his δ.); 9:17 (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14; 2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 13:4; Eph 3:7; 2 Ti 1:8; 1 Pt 1:5; Rv 1:16; 11:17; 12:10; 15:8; cp. 2 Cor 12:9a; Rv 5:12; 1 Cl 11:2; 33:3; Dg 7:9; 9:1f; δ. ὑψίστου Lk 1:35. In doxology (1 Ch 29:11f; on the doxol. in the Lord’s Prayer HSchumaker, Cath. World 160, ’45, 342–49) Mt 6:13 v.l.; D 8:2; 9:4; 10:5. Cp. Rv 4:11; 7:12; 19:1.—IMg 3:1; ISm 1:1; Hv 3, 3, 5; m 5, 2, 1; PtK 2. Hence God is actually called δ. (Philo, Mos. 1, 111, Mut. Nom. 29; Ath. 16, 2) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62 (cp. Wsd 1:3; 5:23 and Dalman, Worte 164f). Christ possesses a θεία δ. (this expr. in Aristot., Pol. 4 [7], 4, 1326a 32; PGM 12, 302 al.; s. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 40, 20 al.; Did., Gen. 60, 8; s. θεῖος 1a) 2 Pt 1:3; cp. 1:16 and 1 Cor 5:4; of Christ’s potential to achieve someth. through Paul 2 Cor 12:9b (cp. SEG XXXIV, 1308, 5f [50 B.C.–50 A.D.]). In Hs 9, 26, 8, the potential associated with the women in black leads to destruction. δ. leaves Christ at his death GPt 5:19 (s. LVaganay, L’Évangile de Pierre 1930, 108; 254ff). ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου δ. AcPlCor 2:39.— Power of the Holy Spirit (Jos., Ant. 8, 408; Just., D. 87, 4f al.) Lk 4:14; Ac 1:8; Ro 15:13, 19 (ἐν δ. πν. [θεοῦ]); Hm 11:2, 5. ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως 1 Cor 2:4; cp. ἐγείρεται ἐν δ. 15:43, foll. by σῶμα πνευμάτικον. δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι be strengthened in power (i.e. with ability to function) by the Spirit Eph 3:16. Hence the Spirit given the Christian can be called πνεῦμα δυνάμεως, i.e. in contrast to an unenterprising spirit, πνεῦμα δειλίας, God offers one that functions aggressively, 2 Ti 1:7; cp. 1 Pt 4:14 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 25/BMM 32f/Ox 1602, 39. The believers are ἐν πάσῃ δ. δυναμούμενοι equipped w. all power Col 1:11; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:20 (for Eph 1:19 cp. 1QH 14:23; 11:29 al.; for Eph 3:16, 6:10 cp. 1QH 7:17, 19; 12:35; 1QM 10:5; see KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 336); esp. the apostles and other people of God Lk 24:49; Ac 4:33; 6:8; cp. AcPl Ha 6, 21. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δ. Ἠλίου Lk 1:17.—Of the devil’s destructive capability Lk 10:19; cp. Rv 13:2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος what gives sin its power to function is the law 1 Cor 15:56.
    ⓑ specif., the power that works wonders (SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]; POxy 1381, 206ff; PGM 4, 2449; 12, 260ff; Just., D. 49, 8 κρυφία δ.; s. JZingerle, Heiliges Recht 1926, 10f; JRöhr, D. okkulte Kraftbegriff im Altertum 1923, 14f) Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; Hv 1, 3, 4. ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός δυνάμει (God endowed him to perform miracles) Ac 10:38 (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 10 of Jason: χρισάμενος δυνάμει τινί, λαβὼν παρὰ τῆς Μηδείας; Diod S 4, 51, 1 τ. τρίχας δυνάμεσί τισι χρίσασα=she anointed her hair with certain potions; 4, 51, 4; 17, 103, 4 ὁ σίδηρος κεχριμένος ἦν φαρμάκου δυνάμει=with a poisonous potion. Diod S 1, 97, 7 a powerful medium=φάρμακον; s. ἐξουσία 7; also RAC II 415–58). τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δ. ἐξελθοῦσαν potency emanated from him Mk 5:30; cp. Lk 8:46; δ. παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο 6:19; cp. 5:17; perh. also (but s. 3 below) Gal 3:5; 1 Cor 12:28f (on the pl. δυνάμεις s. X., Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Herm. Wr. 13, 8 al.; on this ADieterich, E. Mithraslit. 1903, 46f; cp. PKöhn VI, 245, 18 Athena; for parallels and lit. s. Ptocheia [=ASP 31] ’91, 55). ἐν δ. with power, powerful(ly) (TestJob 47:9; Synes., Ep. 90 p. 230d τοὺς ἐν δ.) Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; μετὰ δυνάμεως Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27.—κατὰ δύναμιν w. gen. (Lucian, Imag. 3) by the power of Hb 7:16. Hebraist.=δυνατός (but readily understood in the Greek world as a defining gen., e.g. λόγου ἄνοια=vocal frenzy Soph. Antig. 603; s. Judg 3:29; 20:46 [ἄνδρες δυνάμεως B =ἄνδρες δυνατοί A]; Wsd 5:23): τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ by his powerful word 1:3; μετʼ ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ w. messengers of his power i.e. angels who exercise Jesus’ power 2 Th 1:7 (unless this is to be rendered with KJV et al. his mighty angels) (cp. En 20:1; GrBar 1:8; 2:6); μὴ ἔχων δ. powerless Hv 3, 11, 2; m 9:12. ἰσχυρὰν δ. ἔχειν be very powerful m 5, 2, 3; cp. 9:11; ἐν ποίᾳ δ.; by what power? (s. under 5) Ac 4:7. ὕψος δυνάμεως pride in (one’s) power B 20:1.—Effectiveness in contrast to mere word or appearance 1 Cor 4:19f; 1 Th 1:5. ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι they have the outward appearance of piety, but deny its function 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 409 τὸ ὄνομα τ. βασιλείας εἶχεν, τ. δὲ δύναμιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι=[Alexandra] bore the title queen, but the Pharisees were in control). δ. πίστεως the power of faith in contrast to verbal profession IEph 14:2. Sim. δ. w. ἐξουσία (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 65) potent authority i.e. the word of Jesus is not only authoritative but functions effectively ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ, for the unclean spirits depart Lk 4:36; 9:1.—W. ἰσχύς 2 Pt 2:11 (Ath. 24, 2); w. ἐνέργεια Hm 6, 1, 1 (cp. Galen X, 635); τὴν δ. τῆς ἀναστάσεως the effectiveness of his (Christ’s) resurrection, which brings about the resurrection of the believers Phil 3:10.—Of the peculiar power inherent in a thing (of the healing power of medicines since Hippocr.; cp. Diod S 1, 20, 4; 1, 97, 7; 17, 103, 4; Plut., Mor. 157d al.; Dio Chrys. 25 [42], 3; Galen, Comp. Med. XIII 707 K.). δ. πυρός Hb 11:34 (Diod S 15, 50, 3 δ. τοῦ φωτός=the intensity of the light).
    ② ability to carry out someth., ability, capability (cp. Democrit, Fgm. B 234; Pla., Philb. 58d; cp. Aristot., Metaph. 4, 12, 1019a 26; Epict. 2, 23, 34; 4 Km 18:20; Ruth 3:11; Jos., Ant. 10, 54; Just., D. 4, 1) δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος Hb 11:11 (s. entry καταβολή). κατὰ δύναμιν according to ability (Diod S 14, 81, 6 v.l.; SIG 695, 9; 44 [129 B.C.]; PGM 4, 650; POxy 1273, 24; BGU 1050, 14; Sir 29:20; Jos., Ant. 3, 102; Just., A II, 13, 6; also ὅση δ. A I, 13, 1; 55, 8 al.; ὡς δ. μου D. 80, 5) 2 Cor 8:3a; ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δ. to each according to his special capability (cp. SIG 695, 55) Mt 25:15; AcPl Ha 7, 17. Opp. beyond one’s ability ὑπὲρ δύναμιν (Demosth. 18, 193; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3; 2, 13 §49; POxy 282, 8; Sir 8:13) 2 Cor 1:8 or παρὰ δ. (Thu. 3, 54, 4; PPetr II, 3b, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 1418, 3; Jos., Ant. 14, 378) 8:3b.
    ③ a deed that exhibits ability to function powerfully, deed of power, miracle, wonder (Ael. Aristid. 40, 12 K.=5 p. 59 D.: δυνάμεις ἐμφανεῖς; 42, 4 K.=6 p. 64 D. al.; Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 13; POxy 1381, 42; 90f τ. δυνάμεις ἀπαγγέλλειν; Steinleitner, nos. 3, 7f and 17; 8, 10 [restored] al.; Ps 117:15; Just., A I, 26, 22 al.) w. σημεῖα 2 Th 2:9; also in pl. Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12; Hb 2:4; in this sense δ. stands mostly in pl. δυνάμεις Mt 7:22; 11:20f, 23; 13:54, 58; Mk 6:2; 9:39; Lk 10:13; 19:37; Ac 8:13; 19:11; 1 Cor 12:10, 28f; Gal 3:5 (on the two last pass. s. 1b above); Hb 6:5. Sg. Mk 6:5.
    ④ someth. that serves as an adjunct of power, resource μικρὰν ἔχειν δ. have few resources Rv 3:8. Also wealth (X., An. 7, 7, 36, Cyr. 8, 4, 34; Dt 8:17f) ἐκ τῆς δ. τοῦ στρήνους fr. the excessive wealth Rv 18:3. Esp. of military forces (Hdt. et al. very oft.; cp. OGI ind. VIII; LXX; Jos., Ant. 18, 262; Just., D 131, 3), even of the heavenly bodies thought of as armies δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν the armies of heaven (Is 34:4 v.l.; 4 Km 17:16; Da 8:10 Theod.; En 18:14) Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25.
    ⑤ an entity or being, whether human or transcendent, that functions in a remarkable manner, power as a personal transcendent spirit or heavenly agent/angel ([cp. Pla., Crat. 438c] Aristot., Met. 4, 12, 1019a, 26 divinities δυνάμεις [likewise TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 21=Stone p. 36] λέγονται; Eth. Epic. col. 9, 16, w. θεοι; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 2 p. 133 Nauck δαίμοσιν ἢ θεοῖς ἤ τισι δυνάμεσιν θῦσαι; Sallust. 15 p. 28, 15 αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις; Herm. Wr. 1, 26; 13, 15; Synes., Ep. 57 p. 191b; PGM 4, 3051; 4 Macc 5:13; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 171, Mut. Nom. 59) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 1 Pt 3:22; αἱ δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1. (Cp. αἱ πονηραὶ δ., διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 4.) θεὸς ἀγγέλων καὶ δ. MPol 14:1 (cp. the ins in FCumont, Étud. syr. 1917, p. 321, 5 ὁ θεὸς τ. δυνάμεων=BCH 26, 1902, 176; Just., D. 85, 6 ἄγγελοι … καὶ δ.)—Desig. of a personal divine being as a power (i.e. an effective intermediary or expression; s. DDD 509–16) of the most high God (Ael. Aristid. 37, 28 K.=2 p. 27 D.: Athena as δ. τοῦ Διός; Just., A I, 14, 5 δ. θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν; cp. 23, 2; Tat. 5, 1) οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη this man is what is called the Great Power of God Ac 8:10 (cp. ins of Saïttaï in Lydia εἷς θεὸς ἐν οὐρανοῖς μέγας Μὴν οὐράνιος, μεγάλη δύναμις τοῦ ἀθανάτου θεοῦ: ILydiaKP 110; PGM 4, 1275ff ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὴν μεγίστην δύναμιν τὴν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ τεταγμένην. S. New Docs 1, 107. Cp. HKippenberg, Garizim u. Synagoge: RVV ’71, 122–24.—GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 8f; WSpiegelberg, Die ägypt. Gottheit der ‘Gotteskraft’: Ztschr. f. äg. Sprache 57, 1922, 145ff; FPreisigke, D. Gotteskraft der frühchristl. Zeit 1922).
    ⑥ the capacity to convey thought, meaning (Pla., Crat. 394b; Polyb. 20, 9, 11; Dionys. Hal. 1, 68; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 19; Cass. Dio 55, 3; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Just., D. 125, 1 ἡ δ. τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὀνόματος; 138, 1 ὀγδόης ἡμέρας … δυνάμει … πρώτης) of language 1 Cor 14:11; of stones Hv 3, 4, 3; cp. 3, 8, 6f.—OSchmitz, D. Begriff δ. bei Pls: ADeissmann Festschr. 1927, 139–67; WGrundmann, D. Begriff d. Kraft in d. ntl. Gedankenwelt ’32; Dodd 16–20; EFascher, Dynamis Theou: ZTK n. s. 19, ’38, 82–108; LBieler, Δύναμις u. ἐξουσία: Wiener Studien 55, ’38, 182–90; AForster, The Mng. of Power for St. Paul, ATR 32, ’50, 177–85; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27 (contrast w. ‘weakness’ in Qumran lit.)—DELG. Lampe s.v. δύναμις VI B and VII. RAC IV 441–51. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δύναμις

  • 39 extend

    1. II
    extend somewhere extend westwards (Londonwards, far and wide, etc.) простираться /тянуться/ на запад и т.д.
    2. III
    extend smth.
    1) extend the frontiers of a state (the boundaries of a park, the city boundaries, etc.) расширять границы государства и т.д.; extend a schoolhouse увеличивать площадь школьного здания (за счет пристройки, надстройки и т.п.), extend one's premises снять или получить дополнительную площадь; extend a railway (a fence, a wall, etc.) протянуть дальше железную дорогу и т.д.; extend a line удлинять /продолжать/ линию; extend one's business расширить дело; extend one's influence (one's power, one's operations, etc.) распространить влияние и т.д.; extend one's connections наладить более широкие связи
    2) extend one's leave (smb.'s visit, etc.) продлить отпуск и т.д.
    3) book. extend one's arm (one's hand, one's leg) протянуть вытянуть/ руку и т.д.
    3. VII
    extend smth. to do smth. extend the application of the rule to cover this case распространить правило и на этот случай
    4. XII
    have (get) smth. extended have (get) a visa extended (the term extended, the time extended until the end of next month, etc.) продлить визу и т.д.; добиться продления визы и т.д.
    5. XVI
    1) extend for some distance extend for many kilometres (for miles and miles, for miles in both directions, to the length of 10 miles, etc.) тянуться /простираться/ на многие километры и т.д.; extend to some place /as far as some place / extend to Europe (to China, etc.) доходить до Европы и т.д.; extend as far as the river доходить /простираться/ до самой реки; extend from some place to some place extend from China to Europe простираться от Китая до Европы; extend through some place extend through several countries проходить через несколько стран; extend beyond smth. his power extends beyond his country (beyond this place, beyond the seas, etc.) его могущество /власть/ простирается /распространяется/ далеко за пределы страны и т.д.
    2) extend for (till, into, from... to /till/..., etc.) some time the exhibition (the conference, smb.'s visit, etc.) will extend for a fortnight (till Wednesday, from Wednesday to Saturday, from May till October, etc.) выставка и т.д. продлятся /будет продолжаться/ две недели и т.д.; extend into months (over a period of several years, over ten weeks, etc.) растягиваться на месяцы и т.д., продолжаться месяцами и т.д.; extend to smth. the chapter extends to a hundred pages глава занимает /в этой главе/ сто страниц
    6. XXI1
    1) extend smth. to (into, over, etc.) smth. extend the railroad to the border протянуть /проложить/ железную дорогу до границы; extend the novel to three volumes растянуть роман на целых три тома; extend one's influence over smb. распространить свое влияние на кого-л.; extend one's power and influence into neighbouring countries подчинить соседние страны своей власти и влиянию
    2) extend smth. across (to, under, etc.) smth. extend a rope across the street (under the arch, over the bridge, etc.) протянуть веревку через улицу и т.д.; extend one's arm to the full length вытянуть руку на всю длину
    3) extend smth. into (for) some time extend one's visit into months (into years, etc.) растянуть свой визит на несколько месяцев и т.д.; extend the time for a few days растянуть срок на несколько дней
    4) extend smth. to smb. offic. extend help to poor people оказывать помощь бедным; extend a helping hand to one's friends протянуть руку помощи друзьям; extend sympathy to smb. выражать сочувствие кому-л.; extend kindness to one's neighbours проявлять любезность в отношении соседей; extend an invitation to smb. приглашать кого-л.: extend congratulations to smb. поздравлять кого-л.; extend a welcome to smb. USA оказывать радушный прием кому-л., проявлять радушие по отношению к кому-л.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > extend

  • 40 Knowledge

       It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)
       It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.
       But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)
       Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).
       Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])
       Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....
       This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)
       Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)
       Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)
       "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.
       Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge

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