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1 intrasomatic selection
клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор
Элиминация генетически несбалансированных клеток, образующихся в результате митотических нарушений, что обеспечивает поддержание стабильности генома (генетического гомеостаза) организма; предположиительно механизмы К.о. имеют иммунный характер (Р.В. Петров, 1976); некоторые аномальные клетки (в раковой опухоли) могут получать селективные преимущества по отношению к нормальным.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > intrasomatic selection
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2 intrasomatic selection
см. cell selection* * *Внутрисоматический отбор — отбор клеток при их митотическом размножении, а также элиминация (удаление) отдельных физиологически поврежденных клеток, которые являются носителями генетических изменений. Иногда — отбор клеток, имеющих преимущества перед нормальными клетками. В этом случае развиваются раковые опухоли (см. Клеточный отбор).Клеточный отбор, внутрисоматический о. — отбор, обусловленный конкуренцией нормальных и аномальных клеток (последние возникают в результате нарушений в процессе клеточного деления), результатом которого почти всегда является элиминация клеток с генетическими аномалиями, т. обр. обеспечивается поддержание стабильности генома (генетический гомеостаз) организма. Возможны случаи, когда К. о. ведет к элиминации и генетически нормальных клеток, напр. в раковых опухолях, в которых специфические условия внутренней среды снижают конкурентоспособность нормальных клеток и создают условия для отбора клеток с наиболее подходящим для этих условий хромосомным комплексом (обычно поли- или анеуплоиды), образующих стволовые линии, более или менее типичные для данного вида организмов и определенного типа раковых опухолей. Предполагают, что механизмы К. о. имеют иммунный характер.Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов > intrasomatic selection
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3 intrasomatic selection
1) Сельское хозяйство: внутрисоматический отбор, клеточный отбор, селекция отдельных клеток2) Иммунология: внутрисоматическая селекцияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > intrasomatic selection
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4 intrasomatic selection
English-russian biological dictionary > intrasomatic selection
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5 intrasomatic selection
Англо-русский словарь по иммунологии > intrasomatic selection
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6 клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор
клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор
Элиминация генетически несбалансированных клеток, образующихся в результате митотических нарушений, что обеспечивает поддержание стабильности генома (генетического гомеостаза) организма; предположиительно механизмы К.о. имеют иммунный характер (Р.В. Петров, 1976); некоторые аномальные клетки (в раковой опухоли) могут получать селективные преимущества по отношению к нормальным.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор
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7 внутрисоматическая селекция
Русско-английский биологический словарь > внутрисоматическая селекция
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8 selection
1) выбор, отбор, подбор2) селекцияclone selection — отбор клонов, клональная селекция
determinant selection — селекция антигенных детерминант (напр. вируса)
directional selection — направленный отбор, направленная селекция
HAT selection — селекция ( путём выращивания) на среде с гипоксантин-аминоптерин-тимидином, ГАТ-селекция ( один из способов создания жизнеспособных гибридом)
immunogene selection — селекция детерминант с высоким иммуногенным потенциалом (напр. в процессе приготовления вакцины)
interspecific selection — межвидовой отбор, селекция видов
intraspecific selection — внутривидовой отбор, внутривидовая селекция
linear selection — линейный отбор, линейная селекция
lytic selection — селекция методом лизиса (отбор клеток с требуемым фенотипом путём разрушения остальных клеточных элементов смеси)
phenotypic selection — отбор по фенотипу, фенотипическая селекция
postfusional selection — гибридомная селекция, селекция гибридомных клонов
pure-breeding selection — отбор чистых линий, чистолинейная селекция
sib selection — отбор клонов, клональная селекция
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9 внутрисоматическая селекция
Immunology: intrasomatic selectionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > внутрисоматическая селекция
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10 внутрисоматический отбор
1) Agriculture: intrasomatic selection2) Genetics: cell selectionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > внутрисоматический отбор
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11 клеточный отбор
Agriculture: intrasomatic selection -
12 селекция отдельных клеток
Agriculture: intrasomatic selectionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > селекция отдельных клеток
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13 selection
отбор, селекция- apostatic selection
- artificial selection
- bud selection
- canalizing selection
- centrifugal selection
- centripetal selection
- clone selection
- combined selection
- comparative selection
- cumulative selection
- density-dependent selection
- destructive selection
- directional selection
- disruptive selection
- dynamic selection
- early selection
- environmental selection
- epigamic selection
- family selection
- fluctuating selection
- frequence-dependent selection
- full-sib selection
- gamete selection
- genotypic selection
- germinal selection
- group selection
- half-sib selection
- HAT selection
- individual selection
- interdeme selection
- intergroup selection
- interline selection
- interpopulation selection
- interspecific selection
- intrademe selection
- intrapopulation selection
- intrasexual selection
- intrasomatic selection
- intraspecific selection
- kin selection
- line selection
- linear selection
- mass selection
- messenger selection
- natural selection
- normalizing selection
- one-way recurrent selection
- organic selection
- original selection
- penicillin selection
- periodic selection
- phenotypic selection
- postfusional selection
- progeny selection
- pure-breeding selection
- random selection
- recurrent reciprocal selection
- recurrent selection
- r-selection
- secondary selection
- seed selection
- sexual selection
- sib selection
- stabilizing selection* * *• селекция -
14 selection
selection 1. отбор, селекция; 2. селекцияselection отборselection presure давление отбора, влияние отбора на концентрацию гена в данной популяцииadaptive selection приспособительный отборartificial selection искусственный отборartificial selection искусственный отборbud selection почковая селекцияcanalizing selection канализирующий отборcanalizing selection канализирующий отбор, отбор, приводящий к созданию систем развития, более независимых от внешних условийcentrifugal selection центробежная селекцияcentripetal selection центростремительная селекцияclone selection клоновый отборcombined selection комбинированная селекцияcomparative selection сравнительная селекцияcumulative selection накапливающий отбор, накапливающая селекцияcyclical selection повторная селекцияcyclical selection циклическая селекцияdarwinian selection естественный отборdestructive selection разрушающий отборdirectional selection направленный отбор, направленная селекцияdisruptive selection дезруптивный отбор, разрушающий отбор, раскалывающий отборdynamic selection динамическая селекцияearly selection ранний отборenvironmental selection отбор под влиянием средыepigamic selection отбор по эпигамным признакам, общим для обоих половfamily selection семейная селекция, селекция по семьямfull-sib selection отбор по полным сибсамgamete selection гаметический отборgenetic selection генетический отборgenotypic selection отбор по генотипу, генотипическая селекцияgerminal selection зачатковый отборgroup selection групповой отборhalf-sib selection отбор по полусибсамindividual selection индивидуальный селекцияinterdeme selection отбор среди димовintergroup selection межгрупповой отборinterpopulation selection межпопуляционный отборinterspecific selection межвидовой отборintrademe selection отбор внутри димовintrapopulation selection внутрипопуляционный отбор, внутрипопуляционный селекцияintrasexual selection внутриполовой отбор, интрасексуальная селекция, селекция внутри одного полаintrasexual selection отбор конкурирующих особей одного и того же полаintrasomatic selection внутрисоматическая селекция, селекция отдельных клетокintraspecific selection внутривидовой отборline(ar) selection линейный отбор, линейная селекцияmass selection массовый отбор, массовая селекцияmass selection массовый отборmessenger selection биохим. выбор матрицыnatural selection естественный отборnatural selection естественный отборnormalizing selection нормализирующий отбор, нормализирующая селекцияone-way recurrent selection периодический односторонний отбор, селекция по линии только одного родителяone-way recurrent selection периодический односторонний отбор; отбор по линии только одного родителяorganic selection органический отборoriginal selection первоначальный отборpenicillin selection пенициллиновая селекцияperiodic selection периодический отбор, периодическая селекцияphenotypic selection отбор по фенотипуprogeny selection отбор по потомствуpure-breeding selection отбор чистых линийrandom selection случайный отборrecurrent reciprocal selection периодический реципрокный отбор, периодическая реципрокная селекцияrecurrent selection повторяющийся отбор; периодический отбор, периодическая селекцияrecurrent selection периодический отборsecondary selection вторичный отбор, вторичная селекцияseed selection отбор по семенамsexual selection половой отбор, половой подборsib selection клоновый отборstabilizing selection стабилизирующий отборstabilizing selection стабилизирующий отбор в результате которого выживают генотипы, наиболее приспособленные к резким воздействиям внешних условий); элиминация фенотиповEnglish-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > selection
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15 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
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16 cell selection
клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор
Элиминация генетически несбалансированных клеток, образующихся в результате митотических нарушений, что обеспечивает поддержание стабильности генома (генетического гомеостаза) организма; предположиительно механизмы К.о. имеют иммунный характер (Р.В. Петров, 1976); некоторые аномальные клетки (в раковой опухоли) могут получать селективные преимущества по отношению к нормальным.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > cell selection
См. также в других словарях:
intrasomatic selection — intrasomatic selection. См. внутрисоматический отбор. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
intrasomatic selection — intrasomatic selection. = cell selection (см.). (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
внутрисоматический отбор — cell (intrasomatic) selection клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор. Элиминация генетически несбалансированных клеток, образующихся в результате митотических нарушений, что обеспечивает поддержание стабильности генома (генетического гомеостаза… … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
клеточный (внутрисоматический) отбор — Элиминация генетически несбалансированных клеток, образующихся в результате митотических нарушений, что обеспечивает поддержание стабильности генома (генетического гомеостаза) организма; предположиительно механизмы К.о. имеют иммунный характер (Р … Справочник технического переводчика
intraserous — to intrasomatic: see intra prefix … Useful english dictionary
Клеточный отбор внутрисоматический о — Клеточный отбор, внутрисоматический о. * клетачны адбор, унутрысаматычны а. * cell selection or intrasomatic s. отбор (см.), обусловленный конкуренцией нормальных и аномальных клеток (последние возникают в результате нарушений в процессе… … Генетика. Энциклопедический словарь
Отбор внутрисоматический о внутриклеточный — Отбор внутрисоматический, о. внутриклеточный * адбор унутрысаматычны, а. унутрыклетачны * intrasomatic selection or intracellular s. отбор клеток при их митотическом размножении. В большинстве случаев элиминируются клетки с генетическими… … Генетика. Энциклопедический словарь
