his+slaves

* * *

* * *

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (technê).

Lit.:

Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—

Transf.

With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.

In gen.:

Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

artes elegantes,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

laudatae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

bonae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

optimae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

magnae,

id. Or. 1, 4:

maximae,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

gravissimae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

leviores artes,

id. Brut. 1, 3:

mediocres,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

omnis artifex omnis artis,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

artifices omnium artium,

ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—

Esp., of a single art, and,

With an adj. designating it:

ars gymnastica,

gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

ars duellica,

the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

ars imperatoria,

generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

(artes) militares et imperatoriae,

Liv. 25, 9, 12:

artes civiles,

politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

artes urbanae,

i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

ars grammatica,

grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

rhetorica,

Quint. 2, 17, 4:

musica,

poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

musica,

music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

medicae artes,

the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

ars Apollinea,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

magica,

Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

maleficis artibus inserviebat,

he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—

With a gen. designating it:

ars disserendi,

dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

ars dicendi,

the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

ars eloquentiae,

id. 2, 11, 4:

ars medendi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

ars medentium,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

medicorum ars,

Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

pigmentariorum ars,

the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

ars armorum,

the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

ars pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

belli artes,

Liv. 25, 40, 5:

ars gubernandi,

navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

ars gubernatoris,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

Ov. H. 16, 364:

tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

Prop. 3, 4, 8:

fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—

Science, knowledge:

quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

ars juris civilis,

id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

(Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—

The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,

Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,

As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.

Rhetorical:

quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

artem scindens Theodori,

Juv. 7, 177.—

Grammar:

in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—

The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

qui bibit arte, bibat,

id. A. A. 2, 506:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

plausus tunc arte carebat,

was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—

(Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

Verg. A. 5, 359:

divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—

Artes (personified), the Muses:

artium chorus,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—

Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

cultusque artesque virorum,

Ov. M. 7, 58:

mores quoque confer et artes,

id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

animus insolens malarum artium,

id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

haec arte tractabat virum,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

id. ib. 2, 152:

talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 195:

fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

Luc. 4, 449:

tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1:

fugam arte simulantes,

Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

dŏmestĭcus, a, um, adj. [domus], of or belonging to the house.

Lit. (very rare):

dico intra domesticos parietes,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 5:

vestis,

a garment to wear in the house, id. Fin. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 73 al.:

domesticus otior,

i. e. at home, Hor. S. 1, 6, 128.—Far more freq. and class.,

Transf., of or belonging to one's family; domestic, familiar, household.

In gen.

Adj.: in luctu domestico. Cic. Vatin. 13; cf. Ov. M. 13, 578:

maeror,

Suet. Calig. 5: domesticis praeceptis ernditus. Cic. Rep. 1, 22 fin.; cf.: usus et consuetudo cum ali [p. 608] quo, id. Rosc. Am. 6; so,

usus,

Quint. 4 prooem. § 1; cf. Ov. P. 4, 3, 15:

homo prope domesticus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 14; cf.

praedones (with hospites and amici),

id. Rosc. Am. 6:

mala,

id. Sest. 45, 97; cf.

clades (with avunculus absumptus),

Liv. 9, 17, 17:

exempla,

id. 37, 25; Quint. 9, 3, 73:

religio,

Suet. Claud. 12:

convivium,

id. ib. 44:

ecclesia,

the church in the house, Vulg. 1 Cor. 16, 19. —

Subst.: dŏmestĭci, ōrum, m., the members of a family, inmates of a household, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; Liv. 1, 42; Suet. Aug. 89; 78; Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 2 al.—Also, family domestics, household slaves, Suet. Oth. 10; and for the escort, retinue of a person, Cod. Th. 1, 12, 3; Cod. Just. 12, 7; cf.

milites,

i. e. body-guard, Vop. Numer. 13.—

In partic.

Opp. to what is foreign or public, domestic, native; private, internal:

copiae rei frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si superavissent vel domesticis opibus vel externis auxiliis,

id. B. C. 2, 5 fin.; cf.:

externa lubentius in tali re quam domestica recordor,

Cic. Off. 2, 8:

non esse transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditus, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

id. Rep. 2, 15 fin.; cf.

mos (opp. adventicia doctrina),

id. ib. 3, 3 Mos.:

insolens domesticarum rerum fastidium,

id. Fin. 1, 3 fin.:

alienigenas domesticis anteferre,

id. Font. 10 fin.:

bellum,

intestine, civil war, Caes. B. G. 5, 9, 4; cf.

hostes,

Cic. Vatin. 10, 25:

insidiae (with intestinum scelus),

id. Fam. 5, 2; cf.:

et intestinum malum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 15:

ac vernaculum crimen (opp. Romam de provincia apportatum),

id. ib. 2, 3, 61:

facta celebrare,

i. e. of their own country, Hor. A. P. 287 et saep.:

res domesticas ac familiares (opp. rem publicam),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

domestica et publica,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 4; Liv. 1, 1 fin.:

ut vestitum, sic sententiam habeas aliam domesticam, aliam forensem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24; cf. id. Or. 43 fin.:

foris claros domestica destruebat infamia,

Plin. Pan. 83, 4:

in rebus privatis ac domesticis,

Quint. 2, 21, 4 et saep.—

(Like the Gr. oikeios) = proprius, proper, personal, one's own (opp. alienus):

si ex ipsorum domestico incommodo nullus dolor insideret, etc., ex domestico judicio atque animi conscientia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 60, 2; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 31; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95; id. de Or. 2, 9, 38; id. Or. 38, 132; cf.:

Furiae, i. e. in his own heart,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67. — Adv.: dŏmestĭce, at home, privately (late Lat.):

et secrete,

Tert. Pall. 4:

confectus libellus,

Symm. Ep. 10, 36 fin.

dŏmestĭcus, a, um, adj. [domus], of or belonging to the house.

Lit. (very rare):

dico intra domesticos parietes,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 5:

vestis,

a garment to wear in the house, id. Fin. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 73 al.:

domesticus otior,

i. e. at home, Hor. S. 1, 6, 128.—Far more freq. and class.,

Transf., of or belonging to one's family; domestic, familiar, household.

In gen.

Adj.: in luctu domestico. Cic. Vatin. 13; cf. Ov. M. 13, 578:

maeror,

Suet. Calig. 5: domesticis praeceptis ernditus. Cic. Rep. 1, 22 fin.; cf.: usus et consuetudo cum ali [p. 608] quo, id. Rosc. Am. 6; so,

usus,

Quint. 4 prooem. § 1; cf. Ov. P. 4, 3, 15:

homo prope domesticus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 14; cf.

praedones (with hospites and amici),

id. Rosc. Am. 6:

mala,

id. Sest. 45, 97; cf.

clades (with avunculus absumptus),

Liv. 9, 17, 17:

exempla,

id. 37, 25; Quint. 9, 3, 73:

religio,

Suet. Claud. 12:

convivium,

id. ib. 44:

ecclesia,

the church in the house, Vulg. 1 Cor. 16, 19. —

Subst.: dŏmestĭci, ōrum, m., the members of a family, inmates of a household, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; Liv. 1, 42; Suet. Aug. 89; 78; Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 2 al.—Also, family domestics, household slaves, Suet. Oth. 10; and for the escort, retinue of a person, Cod. Th. 1, 12, 3; Cod. Just. 12, 7; cf.

milites,

i. e. body-guard, Vop. Numer. 13.—

In partic.

Opp. to what is foreign or public, domestic, native; private, internal:

copiae rei frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:

si superavissent vel domesticis opibus vel externis auxiliis,

id. B. C. 2, 5 fin.; cf.:

externa lubentius in tali re quam domestica recordor,

Cic. Off. 2, 8:

non esse transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditus, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

id. Rep. 2, 15 fin.; cf.

mos (opp. adventicia doctrina),

id. ib. 3, 3 Mos.:

insolens domesticarum rerum fastidium,

id. Fin. 1, 3 fin.:

alienigenas domesticis anteferre,

id. Font. 10 fin.:

bellum,

intestine, civil war, Caes. B. G. 5, 9, 4; cf.

hostes,

Cic. Vatin. 10, 25:

insidiae (with intestinum scelus),

id. Fam. 5, 2; cf.:

et intestinum malum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 15:

ac vernaculum crimen (opp. Romam de provincia apportatum),

id. ib. 2, 3, 61:

facta celebrare,

i. e. of their own country, Hor. A. P. 287 et saep.:

res domesticas ac familiares (opp. rem publicam),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

domestica et publica,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 4; Liv. 1, 1 fin.:

ut vestitum, sic sententiam habeas aliam domesticam, aliam forensem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24; cf. id. Or. 43 fin.:

foris claros domestica destruebat infamia,

Plin. Pan. 83, 4:

in rebus privatis ac domesticis,

Quint. 2, 21, 4 et saep.—

(Like the Gr. oikeios) = proprius, proper, personal, one's own (opp. alienus):

si ex ipsorum domestico incommodo nullus dolor insideret, etc., ex domestico judicio atque animi conscientia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 60, 2; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 31; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95; id. de Or. 2, 9, 38; id. Or. 38, 132; cf.:

Furiae, i. e. in his own heart,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67. — Adv.: dŏmestĭce, at home, privately (late Lat.):

et secrete,

Tert. Pall. 4:

confectus libellus,

Symm. Ep. 10, 36 fin.

lĕgĭo, ōnis, f. [2. lego] (prop., a selecting, choosing; hence), transf., a body of soldiers:

legio, quod leguntur milites in delectu,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 87 Müll.

Lit., a Roman legion. It consisted of 10 cohorts of foot-soldiers and 300 cavalry, making together between 4200 and 6000 men. As a general rule, the legion was composed of Roman citizens; it was only on the most pressing occasions that slaves were taken into it. The standard was a silver eagle. The legions were usually designated by numerals, according to the order in which they were levied;

though sometimes they were named after the emperor who raised them, or after their leader, after a deity, after some exploit performed by them, etc.: cum legionibus secunda ac tertia,

Liv. 10, 18:

undevicesima,

id. 27, 14:

vicesima,

id. 27, 38:

Claudiana,

Tac. H. 2, 84:

Galbiana,

id. ib. 2, 86:

Martia,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2:

adjutrix,

Tac. H. 2, 43:

rapax,

id. ib.:

in legione sunt centuriae sexaginta, manipuli triginta, cohortes decem,

Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Inscr. Orell. Index rerum, s. v. legio.—

Transf.

Plur., of the troops of other nations, legions, soldiers:

Bruttiae Lucanaeque legiones,

Liv. 8, 24:

Latinae,

id. 6, 32; cf.

of the troops of the Samnites,

id. 10, 17;

of the Gauls,

id. 22, 14;

of the Carthaginians,

id. 26, 6:

Teleboae ex oppido Legiones educunt suas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 62:

in quorum (i. e. Thebanorum) sulcis legiones dentibus anguis nascuntur,

Juv. 14, 241.—

In gen., an army, a large body of troops: legio rediit, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 535 Vahl.):

quia cotidie ipse ad me ab legione epistolas mittebat,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 56; 83; 2, 2, 22; id. Most. 1, 2, 48:

si tu ad legionem bellator cluis, at ego in culina clueo,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 53:

cetera dum legio campis instructa tenetur,

Verg. A. 9, 368:

de colle videri poterat legio,

id. ib. 8, 605;

10, 120: horruit Argoae legio ratis,

Val. Fl. 7, 573.—

Of a large body of men:

idem istuc aliis adscriptivis fieri ad legionem solet,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 2; cf.:

legio mihi nomen est, quod multi sumus,

Vulg. Marc. 5, 9; id. Luc. 8, 30; 36:

duodecim legiones angelorum,

id. Matt. 26, 53.—

Trop.:

sibi nunc uterque contra legiones parat,

his troops, forces, expedients, Plaut. Cas. prol. 50.

lŏcŭlus, i, m. dim. [locus], a little place.

In gen.:

in cella est paulum nimis loculi lubrici,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 38.—

In partic.

A coffin:

equites in loculis asservati,

Plin. 7, 16, 16, § 75; Vulg. Luc. 7, 14: hunc (pollicem regis in dextro pede) cremari cum reliquo corpore non potuisse tradunt, conditumque loculo in templo, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 20.—

A bier, Fulg. Planc. Exposit. Serm. p. 558 Merc.—

A compartment, manger, stall:

loculi vel marmore vel lapide vel ligno facti distinguendi sunt, ut singula jumenta hordeum suum ex integro nullo praeripiente consumant,

Veg. Vet. 1, 56, 4.—

In plur.: loculi, a small receptacle with compartments, a coffer or casket for keeping all sorts of things in:

gestit enim nummum in loculos demittere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 175; id. S. 1, 3, 17:

gramina continuo loculis depromit eburnis,

Ov. F. 6, 749:

hos de flavā loculos implere monetā,

Mart. 14, 12:

in quibus (loculis) erant claves vinariae cellae,

Plin. 14, 13, 14, § 89.— Hence, stimulorum loculi, applied to a bad slave, qs. you receptacle for goads (with which slaves were chastised), Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 11; v. stimulus.—

Esp., a purse, pocket:

e peculiaribus loculis suis,

out of his own pocket, Suet. Galb. 12:

laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 74; id. Ep. 1, 1, 56:

neque enim loculis comitantibus itur ad casum tabulae,

Juv. 1, 89; 10, 46 al.

mŏnĭtor, ōris, m. [id.], one who reminds one of any thing, an admonisher, monitor (syn.: hortator, auctor).

In gen.:

nil opus fuit monitore,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 119:

monitor et praemonstrator,

id. ib. 5, 1, 2:

est enim (hoc praeceptum) non tam acutum quam necessarium, magisque monitoris non fatui quam eruditi magistri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 99: stet ad latus monitor, Sen. Ep. 94, 72:

officii,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

monitoris egere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 67.—

In partic.

The counsellor who furnishes an orator with his points of law, a remembrancer, an assistant:

video mihi non te sed hunc librum esse responsurum, quem monitor tuus hic tenet,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 52.—

He who reminds one of people's names, a nomenclator:

per monitorem appellandi sunt,

Cic. Mur. 36, 77; Plin. Pan. 23.—

An overseer, superintendent, e. g. of youth; an instructor, guide, teacher:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

generosa pubes Te monitore regi, mores et facta priorum Discere,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 147; id. Th. 12, 205.—Of farm-slaves, Col. 1, 9, 4; 7, Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 35; Dig. 33, 7, 8; leader, general of troops, Sil. 8, 370.—

A prompter in the theatre: monitores qui monent histriones in scenā, Paul. ex Fest. p. 138 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 4916.—

In relig. lang., one who leads in praying:

MONITOR AVGVR, Inscr. Don. cl. 1, 44: sine monitore, quia de pectore oramus, precantes sumus,

Tert. Apol. 30.

ŏpĕra, ae, f. [opus], service, pains, exertion, work, labor (opus is used mostly of the mechanical activity of work, as that of animals, slaves, and soldiers; opera supposes a free will and desire to serve).

Lit.

In gen.:

omnes, quorum operae, non quorum artes emuntur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

sine hominum manu atque operā,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

operam exigere,

id. ib. 1, 13:

perdere,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

praebere amicis,

id. Brut. 47, 174:

in re ponere,

id. Clu. 57, 157:

curamque in rebus honestis ponere,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

et laborem consumere in aliquā re,

to bestow labor and pains on any thing, id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:

studiumque in res obscuras conferre,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

tribuere rei publicae,

id. Div. 2, 2, 7;

sumere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 31, § 69:

impendere,

id. ib. 2, 2, 30, §

68: polliceri,

Sall. C. 28, 1; 40, 6:

insumere,

Liv. 10, 18:

dicare alicui,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 12: interponere, to bestow, employ, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 19, 63: ipse dabat purpuram tantum, amici operas, gave their work thereto, i. e. wrought it, id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59:

pleraque sunt hominum operis effecta,

id. Off. 2, 3, 12:

ibo, atque illam adducam, Quam propter opera est mihi,

on whose behalf I am engaged, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 93:

operam navare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 12, 2; Liv. 25, 6, 15.—

In partic., a service, rendering of service: Cn. Pupius, qui est in operis ejus societatis, in the service of the society or company, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 3:

operae forenses,

id. Fin. 1, 4, 10:

P. Terentius, qui operas in portu et scripturā pro magistro dat,

serves as director, id. ib. 13, 65, 11:

ferrum istud bonas edet operas,

will do good service, Sen. Prov. 2, 10:

musis operas reddere,

to do service to, to serve, Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 2:

dare operas alicui,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 11.—

Transf.

Care, attention, exertion bestowed on any thing:

deditā operā,

seriously, with a purpose, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 29.—So esp. freq.,

Operam dare, to bestow care or pains on, to give attention to any thing.—Constr. with dat., with ut or ne ( = studere).

With dat.: dant operam simul auspicio augurioque, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 81 Vahl.):

dare operam funeri,

to attend, Cic. Att. 15, 1, 1:

bellis, Sive foro,

Ov. R. Am. 165:

amori,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 58: liberis ( to the begetting of children), Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3: memoriae alicujus, to attend to what brings a person to mind, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1:

tonsori,

to get shaved, Suet. Aug. 79:

alicui,

to attend to one, listen to him, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 52:

sermoni,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 4:

amico,

to serve, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 17: me huic dedisse operam malam, that I have done him an ill turn, id. Capt. 3, 5, 43.—For dat. the acc. with ad occurs:

benigne operam detis ad nostrum gregem,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 21.—

With ut and subj.:

da operam, ut valeas,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5:

omnem operam do, ut cognoscam,

Sen. Contr. 4, 24, 15; id. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.—

With ne:

dent operam consules, ne quid respublica detrimenti capiat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5:

ego omnem operam dabo, ne pervenire ad me erubescat,

Sen. Polyb. 13, 3:

studiose te operam dare, ut ne quid meorum tibi esset ignotum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1.—

With subj. alone: dabo operam, quoad exercitus huc summittatis, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6.—

With inf.:

id scire,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38.—

In abl.: operā meā, tuā, etc., through my ( thy, etc.) means, agency, fault:

fateor Abiisse eum abs te, meā operā atque astutiā,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 21:

quid mihi nisi malum vostra opera'st?

id. Ps. 1, 2, 50:

non meā operā, neque pol culpā evenit,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

meā operā, Q. Fabi, Tarentum recepisti,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—

Unā or eādem operā, in the same manner, at the same time (ante-class.):

unā operā mihi sunt sodales, quā iste,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31:

eādem operā a praetore sumam syngrapham,

id. ib. 2, 3, 89.—

Operā, by experience (ante-class.):

nam te omnes saevom commemorant... ego contra operā expertus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7:

id operā expertus sum esse ita,

id. Bacch. 3, 2, 3:

magis non factum possum velle quam operā experiar persequi,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 65.—

Operae pretium, v. pretium, II. B.—

Leisure, spare time for any thing (class., but in the phrase operae est, only ante-class. and Livian):

operae ubi mihi erit, ad te venero,

as soon as I can spare the time, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 30:

si operae illi esset,

if he had time, Liv. 5, 15; 4, 8; 44, 36:

dicam, si tibi videam esse operam, aut otium,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 15:

operae non est,

id. ib. 5, 2, 77:

quos tu operam gravare mihi,

id. Rud. 2, 4, 21: de versibus, quos tibi a me scribi vis, deest mihi quidem opera, I have not time or leisure, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 4.—

In concr.

A day's work or labor (usu. in plur.):

quaternis operis singula jugera confodere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 18:

puerilis una opera,

Col. 11, 2, 44:

bubulcorum operae quatuor,

id. 2, 13:

operae (filiorum) locari possunt,

Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1.—

A day-laborer, journeyman; also, in gen., a laborer, workman (usu. in plur.):

ipse dominus dives operis et laboris expers,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 16:

plures operas conducere,

Col. 3, 21: nona, a ninth laborer (on his farm), Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; Suet. Oct. 3.—Hence, transf., in a bad sense: operae, hired aiders, abettors, tools, etc. (of political or theatrical parties):

mercenariae (corresp. to multitudo conducta),

Cic. Phil. 1, 9, 22; cf.:

erat mihi contentio cum operis conductis et ad diripiendam urbem concitatis,

id. Sest. 17, 38:

Claudianae,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. Att. 4, 3, 3:

theatrales,

parties for the purpose of applauding, theatrical factions, Tac. A. 1, 16:

VETERES A SCENA,

Inscr. Grut. 467, 7.—

That which is wrought or produced, a work:

operae aranearum,

i. e. spiders' webs, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 19:

exstabit opera peregrinationis hujus,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 6.

persōna, ae, f [acc. to Gabius Bassus ap. Gell. 5, 7, 1 sq., from per-sŏno, to sound through, with the second syllable lengthened].

A mask, esp. that used by players, which covered the whole head, and was varied according to the different characters to be represented (syn. larva), Gell. 5, 7, 1:

personam tragicam forte vulpis viderat,

Phaedr. 1, 7, 1:

personam capiti detrahere,

Mart. 3, 43, 4:

persona adicitur capiti,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 59. The masks were usually made of clay:

cretea persona,

Lucr. 4, 297, cf. Mart. 14, 176, 1. And sometimes of the bark of wood:

oraque corticibus sumunt horrenda cavatis,

Verg. G. 2, 387: ut tragicus cantor ligno tegit ora cavato, Prud. adv Symm. 2, 646. The opening for the mouth was very large:

personae pallentis hiatum formidat infans,

Juv. 3, 175:

personis uti primus coepit Roscius Gallus praecipuus histrio, quod oculis obversis erat, nec satis decorus in personis nisi parasitus pronunciabat,

Diom. p. 486 P. Heads with such masks were used as ornaments for water-spouts, fountains, etc.:

Butades figulus primus personas tegularum extremis imbricibus imposuit, quae inter initia prostypa vocavit,

Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 152:

personae, e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,

Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.: mulier nempe ipsa videtur, non personā loqui, a mask, a masked person, Juv 3, 96.—

Transf., a personage, character, part, represented by an actor:

parasiti persona,

Ter. Eun. prol. 26 sq.:

sub personā militis,

Gell. 13, 22, 11:

(tragici) nihil ex personā poëtae dixerunt,

Vell. 1, 3, 2.—Hence,

Also, transf. beyond the scenic lang., in gen., the part or character which any one sustains in the world (class.):

(ego), qui non heroum veteres casus fictosque luctus velim imitari atque adumbrare dicendo, neque actor sim alienae personae, sed auctor meae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 194:

quam magnum est personam in re publicā tueri principis,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 29:

personam sustinere,

id. Pis. 11, 24:

personam, quam mihi tempus et res publica imposuit,

imposed upon me, id. Sull. 3, 8; cf.:

agenda est persona quam mihi miles imposuit,

Vop. Prob. 10, 7; Macr. S. 2, 7, 17:

partes lenitatis et misericordiae semper egi libenter: illam vero gravitatis severitatisque personam non appetivi, sed a re publicā mihi impositam sustinui,

Cic. Mur. 3, 6:

petitoris personam capere, accusatoris deponere,

id. Quint. 13, 46:

personam suscipere,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 169:

gravissimam personam sustinere,

id. Pis. 29, 71:

personam tenere,

id. de Or. 3, 14, 54:

personam gerere,

id. Off. 1, 32, 115:

abjectā quaestoriā personā comitisque assumptā,

id. Planc. 41, 100:

fateantur in Maeandrii personā esse expressam speciem civitatis,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

id Cicero suā ipsā personā frequentissime praecipit,

in his own name, Quint. 10, 5, 2:

cetera quae sunt a me in secundo libro de Oratore per Antonii personam disputata,

Cic. Fam 7, 32, 2 B. and K. (dub.;

al. ex personā): ex tuā personā enumerare possis, ut, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 52, 99:

nihil ex personā poëtae disserunt,

Vell. 1, 3, 2; 1, 3, 3; so Col. 12, 3, 5; Gell. 10, 22, 1; Lact. Epit. 48, 7:

sub personā Paridis,

Suet. Dom. 10: so Gell. 10, 22, 24; 13, 22, 11:

alienam personam ferre,

Liv. 3, 36: non hominibus tantum, [p. 1356] sed et rebus persona demenda est et reddenda facies sua, Sen. Ep. 24, 13:

hanc personam induisti: agenda est,

Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 2.—Hence,

A human being who performs any function, plays any part, a person, personage:

ut mea persona semper aliquid videretur habere populare,

Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, §

7: ecquae pacifica persona desideretur,

id. ib. 8, 12, 4:

hujus Staleni persona, populo jam nota atque perspecta,

id. Clu. 29, 78; id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

induxi senem disputantem, quia nulla videbatur aptior persona,

id. Lael. 1, 4:

Laelii persona,

id. ib. 1, 4:

certis personis et aetatibus,

to people of a certain standing and of a certain age, Suet. Caes. 43:

minoribus quoque et personis et rebus,

to persons and things of less importance, id. Tib. 32; id. Aug. 27:

nulla distantia personarum,

Vulg. Deut. 1, 17:

personarum acceptio,

id. 2 Par. 19, 7; cf. id. Gal. 2, 6 al.:

ipse suā lege damnatus, cum, substituta filii personā, amplius quingentorum jugerum possideret,

Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 17:

denique haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda, ita ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

the second chief personage, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3.—

So of persons, opp. to things and actions:

ut rerum, ut personarum dignitates ferunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53.—

Law t. t., a being having legal rights and obligations (including the state, etc.; not including slaves; cf. Sandars ad Just. Inst. introd. § 37;

1, 3 prooem.): omne jus quo utimur, vel ad personas pertinet vel ad res vel ad actiones,

Dig. 1, 5, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 3 prooem.—

A human being in gen., a person (post-Aug. and rare):

continuantes unum quodque (praenomen) per trinas personas,

Suet. Ner. 1:

cum dira et foedior omni Crimine persona est,

Juv. 4, 15.—

In the grammarians, a person:

quom item personarum natura triplex esset, qui loqueretur, ad quem, de quo,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 20 Müll.; so id. ib. 9, 24, § 32 et saep.

pillĕus, i, m., and pillĕum, i, n. [akin to Gr. pilos, with same signif.; also to pilus, a hair], a felt cap or hat, made to fit close, and shaped like the half of an egg. It was worn by the Romans at entertainments and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia, and was given to a slave at his enfranchisement as a sign of freedom (cf. petasus).

Lit.: pilleum quem habuit deripuit, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 14; id. Amph. 1, 1, 305:

haec mera libertas, hanc nobis pillea donant,

id. Pers. 5, 82. Free-born persons who had fallen into captivity also wore the pilleus for a while after the recovery of their freedom, Liv. 30, 45; 34, 52; Val. Max. 5, 2, 5 and 6. Gladiators who had often been victorious also received the pilleus at their discharge, Tert. Spect. 21. There were also leathern pillei, called Pannonian, which were worn by soldiers when off duty, in order that, by being always accustomed to wear something on their heads, the helmet might seem less burdensome, Veg. Mil. 1, 20.—

Meton.

Liberty, freedom:

servos ad pilleum vocare,

to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv. 24, 32; Suet. Tib. 4; Sen. Ep. 47, 16; Val. Max. 8, 6, 2:

totis pillea sarcinis redemi,

i. e. I have made myself independent by selling all my goods, Mart. 2, 68, 4.—

A protector: te obsecro, Pilleum meum, mi sodalis, mea salubritas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 16.—

The membrane which envelops the head of the fœtus, a child's caul, Lampr. Diadum. 4.

pillĕus, i, m., and pillĕum, i, n. [akin to Gr. pilos, with same signif.; also to pilus, a hair], a felt cap or hat, made to fit close, and shaped like the half of an egg. It was worn by the Romans at entertainments and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia, and was given to a slave at his enfranchisement as a sign of freedom (cf. petasus).

Lit.: pilleum quem habuit deripuit, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 14; id. Amph. 1, 1, 305:

haec mera libertas, hanc nobis pillea donant,

id. Pers. 5, 82. Free-born persons who had fallen into captivity also wore the pilleus for a while after the recovery of their freedom, Liv. 30, 45; 34, 52; Val. Max. 5, 2, 5 and 6. Gladiators who had often been victorious also received the pilleus at their discharge, Tert. Spect. 21. There were also leathern pillei, called Pannonian, which were worn by soldiers when off duty, in order that, by being always accustomed to wear something on their heads, the helmet might seem less burdensome, Veg. Mil. 1, 20.—

Meton.

Liberty, freedom:

servos ad pilleum vocare,

to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv. 24, 32; Suet. Tib. 4; Sen. Ep. 47, 16; Val. Max. 8, 6, 2:

totis pillea sarcinis redemi,

i. e. I have made myself independent by selling all my goods, Mart. 2, 68, 4.—

A protector: te obsecro, Pilleum meum, mi sodalis, mea salubritas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 16.—

The membrane which envelops the head of the fœtus, a child's caul, Lampr. Diadum. 4.

pŏtestas, ātis ( gen. plur. potestatium, Sen. Ep. 115, 7; Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67), f. [possum].

Lit., in gen., ability, power of doing any thing (class.):

SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: vim tantam in se et potestatem habere tantae astutiae,

to have such a power of craftiness, to be able to devise such tricks, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 32:

aut potestas defuit aut facultas aut voluntas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

habere potestatem vitae necisque in aliquem,

id. Dom. 29, 77; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

potestatem alicui deferre beneficiorum tribuendorum,

id. Balb. 16, 37. — Poet., with inf.:

potestas occurrere telis... ensem avellere dextrā,

Stat. Th. 3, 296; Luc. 2, 40.—

In phrases.

Esse in potestate alicujus, to be in one's power, under one's control, to be subject to (for a description of the relation of potestas under the Roman law, and of the classes of persons to whom it applied, v. Gai. Inst. 1, 49 sqq.):

mittuntur legati, qui nuntient, ut sit in senatūs populique Romani potestate,

Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4:

esse in dicione ac potestate alicujus,

id. Quint. 2, 6: habere familiam in potestate, to keep them slaves, not to free them, Liv. 8, 15.—

Esse in suā potestate, to be one's own master, Nep. Att. 6, 1; so,

esse suae potestatis,

Liv. 31, 45.—

Jus potestatemque habere imperandi, Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 30; cf.:

cum consulis eā de re jus ac potestatem esse dixisset,

had jurisdiction and authority over it, Liv. 24, 39.—

Est mea (tua, etc.) potestas, I have the power, I can, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 42; cf.:

sed volui meam potestatem esse vel petendi, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6.—

In partic.

Political power, dominion, rule, empire, sovereignty (syn.:

imperium, dicio): Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1; Liv. 24, 31; so,

sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

esse in potestate alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:

tenere aliquem in suā potestate ac dicione,

id. ib. 2, 1, 38, §

97: venire in arbitrium ac potestatem alicujus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, § 150.—

Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy (syn.:

magistratus, auctoritas): potestas praetoria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69:

qui togatus in re publicā cum potestate imperioque versatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

modo ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, nihil ab invito,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

cum potestate aut legatione in provinciam proficisci,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, § 9; id. Clu. 27, 74:

censores dederunt operam, ut ita potestatem gererent, ut, etc.,

so to administer the office, id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138; id. Agr. 2, 6, 14.—In plur.:

imperia, potestates, legationes,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

in potestatibus gerendis,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14.—

Transf.

A person in office, a public officer, magistrate:

a magistratu aut ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus,

by some lawful authority, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:

mavis Fidenarum esse potestas,

Juv. 10, 100.—

A ruler, supreme monarch:

hominum rerumque aeterna potestas,

i. e. Jupiter, Verg. A. 10, 18:

nihil est quod credere de se Non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas,

Juv. 4, 71 (v. context): potestates, = archai, the highest magistrates, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26; Suet. Ner. 36; Amm. 31, 12, 5:

celsae potestates,

officers of state, id. 14, 1, 10:

jurisdictionem potestatibus per provincias demandare,

Suet. Claud. 23.—

Esp., legal power, right over or to a thing (class.):

potestatis verbo plura significantur: in personā magistratuum imperium, in personā liberorum patria potestas, in personā servi dominium: at cum agimus de noxae deditione cum eo, qui servum non defendit, praesentis corporis copiam facultatemque significamus. Ex lege Atiniā in potestatem domini rem furtivam venisse videri, et si ejus vindicandae potestatem habuerit, Sabinus et Cassius aiunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 215.—

Of inanimate things, power, force, efficacy, effect, operation, virtue, value:

potestates colorum,

Vitr. 7, 14:

potestates visque herbarum,

Verg. A. 12, 396; Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9:

pecuniarum,

value, Dig. 13, 4, 3:

haec potestatibus praesentibus dijudicanda sunt,

circumstances, state of things, Gell. 1, 3, 24:

actionum vis et potestas,

Dig. 9, 4, 1:

quaternarius numerus suis partibus complet decadis ipsius potestatem (because the first four integers, taken together, = 10),

compass, fulness, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106:

plumbi potestas,

nature, quality, properties, Lucr. 5, 1242:

naturalis,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of a word, meaning, signification (syn.:

vis, significatio),

Gell. 10, 29, 1; Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 4.—

Math. t. t., = dunamis, the square root, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106.—

Trop.

Power, control, command (class.): dum ex tanto gaudio in potestatem nostram redeamus, recover our self-control, come to ourselves, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine, aut iracundiā,

to have lost the control of their reason, to be out of their minds, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11; cf. also id. ib. 4, 36, 77:

postquam ad te cum omnium rerum tum etiam tui potestatem di transtulerint,

Plin. Pan. 56, 3.—

Power, ability, possibility, opportunity (class.; cf.:

copia, facultas): ubi mihi potestas primum evenit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 18:

liberius vivendi,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 25:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: quoties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit (al. facultas), whenever I find men on whom I can rely, id. ib. 1, 7, 1: facere potestatem, to give opportunity, leave, permission:

si quid de his rebus dicere vellet, feci potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar,

shall present itself, id. Phil. 1, 15, 38:

alicui potestatem optionemque facere, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facio tibi interpellandi potestatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

ego instare, omnium mihi tabularum et litterarum fieri potestatem oportere,

must be allowed the use of, id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: potestatem sui facere, to allow others to see or have access to one, to give an opportunity of conversing with one:

cum neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent,

allowed themselves to be spoken to, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:

facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem,

to admit to an audience, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

qui potestatem sui non habuissent,

who had not been able to speak with him, Suet. Tib. 34:

potestatem sui facere,

to give an opportunity of fighting with one, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Nep. Ages. 3, 3.— Poet., with inf.:

non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas,

Verg. A. 4, 565:

nunc flere potestas est,

Luc. 2, 40:

soli cui tanta potestas meis occurrere telis,

Stat. Th. 3, 296.—

In eccl. Lat.:

potestates,

angels, angelic powers, authorities in the spiritual world, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 12; id. 1 Pet. 3, 22; sing., id. 1 Cor. 15, 24.—

Personified, a daughter of Pallas and Styx, Hyg. Fab. prooem.

verna, ae, comm. [root vas, to dwell; Sanscr. vāstu, house; Gr. astu, city], a slave born in his master's house, a homeborn slave.

Lit.:

vernas alere,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 104; id. Am. 1, 1, 24; Just. 38, 6, 7; Val. Max. 3, 4, 3; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2; Hor. Epod. 2, 65; id. S. 1, 2, 117; 2, 6, 66.—In gen. fem., Inscr. Orell. 1320.—

Such slaves were trained up as buffoons or jesters,

Mart. 1, 42, 2; cf. Sen. Prov. 1, 6;

and v. vernilitas.—As a term of abuse,

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 13.—

Transf., a native:

de plebe Remi Numaeque verna, Jucundus, etc.,

Mart. 10, 76, 4; cf.:

Romanos vernas appellabant, id est ibidem natos,

Fest. p. 372 Müll.—Hence,

Adj.: ver-nus, a, um, native:

apri,

Mart. 1, 50, 24:

lupi,

id. 10, 30, 21:

tuberes,

id. 13, 43, 2:

liber,

i. e. written in Rome, id. 3, 1, 6.