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61 avoir
avoir [avwaʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 34━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir fait partie d'une locution comme avoir faim, avoir raison, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• j'ai trois frères I have or I've got three brothers• j'ai la réponse I have or I've got the answer• il n'avait pas d'argent he had no money or didn't have any money• en avoir (inf!) ( = être courageux) to have balls (vulg!)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir est utilisé pour localiser un bâtiment, un objet etc, il peut se traduire par to have (got), mais l'anglais préférera souvent une tournure avec to be.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━c. ( = obtenir) to get• pouvez-vous nous avoir ce livre ? can you get this book for us?d. ( = porter) [+ vêtements] to wear• ici, le lac a 2 km de large the lake is 2km wide hereg. ( = souffrir de) [+ rhume, maladie] to have• qu'est-ce que tu as ? what's wrong with you?• il a qu'il est jaloux he's jealous, that's what's wrong with him• qu'est-ce qu'il a à pleurer ? what's he crying for?h. ( = faire) to makei. ( = recevoir chez soi) to havej. ( = avoir un cours de, avoir à faire) to have• le vendredi, j'ai trois heures d'anglais I have three hours of English on Fridaysk. ( = atteindre, attraper) to get• on les aura ! we'll get them! (inf)• je t'aurai ! I'll get you! (inf)• je t'ai bien eu ! got you there! (inf)• je me suis fait avoir de 300 € I was conned out of 300 euros (inf!)2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• hier, j'ai mangé trois bananes yesterday, I ate three bananas• as-tu faim ? -- non, j'ai mangé trois bananes are you hungry? -- no, I've eaten three bananas• j'étais pressé, alors j'ai couru I was in a hurry so I ran► avoir à + infinitif ( = devoir)• c'est simple, vous n'avez qu'à lui écrire it's simple, just write to him• s'il n'est pas content, il n'a qu'à partir if he doesn't like it, he can always leave3. <► il y a• il y a voiture et voiture ! there are cars and cars!• qu'y a-t-il ? what is it?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? what's the matter?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a eu ? what's happened?• il n'y a pas que toi ! you're not the only one!• il n'y a que lui pour faire cela ! trust him to do that!• j'achète du pain ? -- non, il y en a encore shall I buy some bread? -- no, there's some left• il y en a qui disent... there are those who say...• il y en a qui feraient mieux de se taire ! some people would do better to keep quiet!• il n'y en a que pour mon petit frère, à la maison my little brother gets all the attention at home• il n'y en a eu que pour lui pendant l'émission the whole programme revolved around him► y a pas (inf)il y a pas, faut que je parte it's no good, I've got to go• y a pas, il faut qu'il désobéisse he just won't do as he's told• il y a pas à dire, il est très there's no denying he's very intelligent► il n'y a qu'à (+ infinitif), y a qu'à (+ infinitif) (inf)b. (temps)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Pour exprimer une durée, le présent français devient un parfait en anglais, l'imparfait un pluperfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans le cas d'une action révolue, on emploie ago et le prétérit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• il y a dix ans, j'ai obtenu mon diplôme I graduated ten years ago• combien y a-t-il d'ici à Lille ? how far is it from here to Lille?4. <a. ( = bien) assetsb. ( = actif) credit ; ( = billet) credit note5. <* * *
I avwaʀ1) ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]2) ( au téléphone)j'ai réussi à l'avoir — I managed to get through to him/her
3) ( porter) to wear, to have [something] on4) (colloq) ( triompher) to beat, to get (colloq), to havecette fois-ci, on les aura — this time, we'll get ou have them
5) ( duper) to have (colloq); ( par malveillance) to con (colloq)elle s'est fait or laissée avoir — she's been had (colloq)
6) ( éprouver moralement) to feelavoir du chagrin/de la haine — to feel sorrow/hate
qu'est-ce que tu as? — what's wrong ou the matter with you?
7) (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques)j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid — I am 20 years old/hungry/cold
la salle a 20 mètres de long — the room is 20 metres [BrE] long
II avwaʀnom masculin2) ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl)•Phrasal Verbs:
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Dans la plupart des situations exprimant la possession, la disponibilité avoir sera traduit par to have ou to have got: j'ai des livres/enfants/employés = I have (got) books/children/employees; je n'ai pas assez de place/temps = I don't have (ou I haven't got) enough room/time; la maison a l'électricité/cinq pièces = the house has electricity/five rooms; j'aurai mon visa demain = I'll have my visa tomorrow; ils vont/elle va avoir un bébé en mai = they're/she's having a baby in MayLes autres sens de avoir, verbe transitif simple (obtenir, porter, triompher de etc), sont traités dans l'entrée plus basOn notera qu'en règle générale les expressions figées du type avoir raison, avoir beau, en avoir marre, il y a belle lurette, il y a de quoi etc seront traitées respectivement sous raison, beau, marre, lurette, quoi etcOn pourra également consulter les diverses notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles consacrées à l'expression de l'âge, aux maladies, à l'expression de l'heure etcOn trouvera ci-dessous les divers emplois de avoir pour lesquelles une explication est nécessaireavoir = verbe auxiliaireavoir verbe auxiliaire se traduit toujours par to have sauf dans le cas du passé composé: ils avaient révisé les épreuves quand je suis parti = they had revised the proofs when I left; quand ils eurent (ou ont eu) révisé les épreuves, ils sont partis = when they had revised the proofs, they left; ils auront fini demain = they will have finished tomorrow; il aurait (ou eût) aimé parler = he would have liked to speak. Lorsqu'on a un passé composé en français, il sera traduit soit par le prétérit: ils ont révisé les épreuves en juin = they revised the proofs in June; ils ont révisé les épreuves avant ma démission = they revised the proofs before I resigned; je suis sûr qu'il l'a laissé là en partant = I'm sure he left it here when he left; soit par le ‘present perfect’: ils ont révisé les épreuves plusieurs fois = they have revised the proofs several timesavoir = verbe semi-auxiliaireDe même, avoir semi-auxiliaire dans les tournures attributives du type avoir le coeur malade/les genoux cagneux, se traduit de façon variable ( to be ou to have) selon la structure adoptée par l'anglais pour rendre ces tournures; voir, en l'occurrence, les entrées coeur et cagneux; mais c'est en général sous l'adjectif que ce problème est traitéavoir à + infinitifExprimant l'obligation ou la convenance, cette locution verbale se rend généralement par to have to suivi de l'infinitif: j'aurais à ajouter que... = I would have to add that...; tu auras à rendre compte de tes actes = you'll have to account for your actions; je n'ai pas à vous raconter ma vie = I don't have to tell you my life-story; vous n'aviez pas à le critiquer = you didn't have to criticize him; il n'a pas à te parler sur ce ton = he shouldn't speak to you in that tone of voice; j'ai beaucoup à faire = I have (ou I've got) a lot to do; tu n'as rien à faire? = don't you have (ou haven't you got GB) anything to do?; j'ai à faire un rapport/un rapport à faire = I have to write a report/a report to writeQuand cette locution équivaut à suffir, plusieurs possibilités de traduction se présentent: tu n'avais qu'à = tu aurais dû, elle se rend par should have suivi du participe passé; tu n'as qu'à leur écrire = you only have to (ou you've only got to GB, ou all you have to do is) write to them; tu n'auras que cinq minutes à attendre = you'll only have to wait five minutes; tu n'avais qu'à faire attention/me le dire/partir plus tôt = you should have paid attention/told me/left earlierOn trouvera sous assez, marre, etc les expressions figées en avoir assez, en avoir marre etc. Voir aussi les emplois avec il y a plus basL'anglais distingue généralement entre une tâche précise ( to take) et une activité ou absence indéterminée ( to be): vous en avez (ou aurez) pour combien de temps? (à faire ce travail) = how long will it take you?, (à me faire attendre) = how long are you going to be?; j'en ai pour cinq minutes (= je reviens dans...) = I'll be five minutes; je n'en ai pas pour longtemps = I won't be long; j'en ai eu pour deux heures = it took me two hoursSe traduit par to cost suivi du pronom personnel complément correspondant au pronom sujet français (voir aussi argent): j'en ai eu pour 500 francs = it cost me 500 francs; nous en aurons pour combien? = how much will it cost us?(sl) en avoir = to have balls (sl); ne pas en avoir = to have no balls (sl)il y a du lait dans le réfrigérateur = there's some milk in the fridge; il y a des souris/des araignées au grenier = there are mice/spiders in the attic; il n'y a pas/plus de riz = there's no/no more rice ou there isn't any/any more rice; il doit y avoir (ou il y aura) des souris dans le grenier = there must be mice in the attic; il n'y a pas eu moins de 50 concurrents = there were no less than 50 competitors; il y a chapeau et chapeau = there are hats and hats; il y aura Paul, Marie,... = there will be Paul, Marie,...; et il y aura Paul et Marie! = and Paul and Marie will be there!; il n'y a pas de raison de faire/que tu fasses = there's no reason to do/for you to do; il a dû y avoir quelque chose de grave = something serious must have happened; qu'est-ce qu'il y a? (qui ne va pas) = what's wrong?, (qui se passe) = what's going on?; il y a qu'elle m'énerve = she's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; il y a que l'ordinateur est en panne = the computer has broken downAttention, un mot singulier en français peut être traduit par un mot fonctionnant comme un pluriel en anglais: il y a beaucoup de monde = there are a lot of people; y avait-il du monde? = were there many people?il est venu il y a longtemps/cinq ans = he came a long time/five years ago; il y a cinq ans que j'habite ici = I have been living here for five years; il y aura cinq ans demain que j'ai pris ma retraite = it will be five years tomorrow since I retired; il y aura deux mois mardi que je travaille ici = I will have been working here for two months on Tuesday; il n'y a que deux mois que je suis/travaille ici = I have only been/been working here for two months; il n'y a pas cinq minutes qu'il est parti = he left less than five minutes ago; il n'y a pas 200 ans que l'espèce est éteinte = the species has been extinct for no more than 200 years; il y a combien de temps/d'années que tu habites ici? = how long/many years have you lived here?; il y a combien de temps/d'années qu'on ne s'est vus? = how long is it/many years has it been since we last met?Elle se fait généralement à l'aide du verbe to be: combien y a-t-il jusqu'à la gare/d'ici à la gare? = how far is it to the station/to the station from here?; combien y a-t-il encore jusqu'à la gare? = how much further is it to the station?; il y a 15 kilomètres jusqu'à/d'ici à la gare = the station is 15 kilometres [BrE] away/away from here; il y a au moins 15 kilomètres = it's at least 15 kilometres [BrE] away; il y a encore 15 kilomètres = it's another 15 kilometres [BrE]; il n'y a pas/que 200 mètres d'ici à la gare = it's less than/only 200 metres [BrE] from here to the stationil y a à + infinitifil y a à manger pour quatre = there's enough food for four; il y a (beaucoup) à faire = there's a lot to be done (ceci traduit également il y a de quoi faire); souligner le danger/l'avantage qu'il y a à faire = to stress how dangerous/advantageous it is to do; les risques qu'il y avait/aurait à faire = how risky it was/would be to do; il n'y a pas à hésiter/s'inquiéter = there's no need to hesitate/worry; il n'y a pas à discuter! = no arguments!; il n'y a qu'à le repeindre! - y a qu'à (colloq), c'est facile à dire! = all you have to do is repaint it! - just repaint it! easier said than done!L'existence se rend par there is/are, le temps par to take, et le coût par to cost ou to come to: il y en a qui n'ont pas peur du ridicule! = there are some people who aren't afraid of being ridiculed!; il y en a toujours pour se plaindre (ou qui se plaignent) = there's always someone who complains; il y en a (ou aura) pour deux heures = it'll take two hours; il y en a eu/aurait eu pour deux heures = it took/would have taken two hours; il n'y en a plus que pour deux heures = it'll only take another two hours; il y en a encore pour combien de temps? = how much longer will it take?; il y en a (ou aura) pour 200 francs = it'll cost (ou come to) 200 francs; il y en a eu pour 200 francs = it cost (ou came to) 200 francsNoter aussi: il n'y en a que pour leur chien = they only think of their dog ou their dog comes firstRemarque: certaines formes personnelles du verbe avoir sont équivalentes au présentatif il y a. En corrélation avec le relatif qui, elles ne se traduisent pas; directement suivies de l'objet présenté, elles se traitent comme il y a: j'ai mon stylo qui fuit = my pen is leaking; elle avait les larmes aux yeux = there were tears in her eyes; j'ai ma cicatrice qui me fait souffrir = my scar is hurting; à droite, vous avez une tapisserie d'Aubusson = on your right, there's an Aubusson tapestry* * *avwaʀ1. nm1) (= biens) assets pl2) COMMERCE (= note de crédit) credit2. vt1) (= posséder) to have, to have gotElle a 2 enfants. — She has 2 children., she has got 2 children
Elle a une belle maison. — She has a lovely house., She has got a lovely house.
Il a les yeux bleus. — He has blue eyes., He has got blue eyes.
Tu as de beaux cheveux. — You have beautiful hair., You have got beautiful hair.
Il a beaucoup d'amis. — He has a lot of friends., He has got a lot of friends.
2) (= obtenir) to get3) (= trouver)ici, vous avez la cuisine — here we have the kitchen
4) (= éprouver) [sensation, sentiment] to haveJ'avais un pressentiment. — I had a feeling.
Il a des démangeaisons. — He is itching.
J'ai une petite douleur ici. — I've got a slight pain here.
J'ai un drôle de pressentiment. — I have a funny feeling.
qu'est-ce que tu as?; qu'as-tu? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
See:faim, peur, mal5) (âge)avoir 3 ans — to be 3 years old, to be 3
J'avais 10 ans quand je l'ai rencontré. — I was 10 when I met him.
6) * (= duper) to do *on vous a eu! — you've been done!, you've been had!
Vous n'avez qu'à lui demander. — You only have to ask him.
Tu n'as pas à me poser des questions. — It's not for you to ask me questions.
en avoir pour...; J'en ai pour une demi-heure. — It'll take me half an hour.
On en a eu pour 100 euros. — It cost us 100 euros.
3. vb auxJ'ai déjà mangé. — I've already eaten.
Il a mangé des frites. — He had some chips.
Hier je n'ai pas mangé. — I didn't eat yesterday.
Je lui ai parlé hier. — I spoke to him yesterday.
Il a neigé pendant la nuit. — It snowed during the night.
4. vb impers1) (présence)il y a (+ singulier) — there is, (+ pluriel) there are
Il y a quelqu'un à la porte. — There's somebody at the door.
Il y a un bon film à la télé. — There's a good film on TV.
Il y a des chocolats sur la table. — There are some chocolates on the table.
Il y a beaucoup de monde. — There are lots of people.
il doit y avoir; Il doit y avoir une explication. — There must be an explanation.
qu'est-ce qu'il y a?; qu'y a-t-il? — what's the matter?, what is it?
Il n'y a qu'à... — We will just have to...
Il n'y a qu'à partir plus tôt. — We'll just have to leave earlier.
Il ne peut y en avoir qu'un. — There can only be one.
2) (temporel)Je l'ai rencontré il y a 2 ans. — I met him 2 years ago.
Il y a 10 ans qu'il est arrivé. — It's 10 years since he arrived.
* * *I.avoir ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: avoir vtr1 ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]; j'ai pu vous avoir votre visa I managed to get your visa for you; j'ai eu ce vase pour cinq euros I got this vase for five euros; pouvez-vous m'avoir un des traducteurs? can you get me one of the translators?; je n'ai pas eu mon train I didn't catch my train; il l'a eue◑ le soir même he had○ her that very evening;2 ( au téléphone) j'ai réussi à l'avoir I managed to get through to him/her; essayer d'avoir le ministre to try to get through to the minister; pouvez-vous m'avoir son adjoint/Hongkong can you put me through to ou get me his assistant/Hong Kong;3 ( porter) to wear, to have [sth] on; elle avait une robe bleue à son mariage she wore a blue dress at her wedding; elle a toujours une écharpe autour du cou she's always got a scarf round her neck; il avait un béret (sur la tête) he had a beret on ou he was wearing a beret;4 ○( triompher) to beat, to get○, to have; l'équipe de Marseille nous a eus the Marseilles team beat us; ne nous laissons pas avoir par la concurrence let's not let the competition beat us; cette fois-ci, on les aura this time, we'll get ou have them;5 ( duper) to have○; ( par malveillance) to con○; j'ai été eu I've been had○; il t'a bien eu! ( l'escroc) he conned○ you!; ( le plaisantin) he was having you on○! GB, he put one over on you○!; elle s'est fait or laissé avoir she's been had○; j'ai failli me faire avoir I was nearly conned○; je ne me laisserai pas avoir par un abruti○ I won't be conned○ by a moron;6 ( éprouver moralement) to feel; avoir du chagrin/de la haine to feel sorrow/hate; qu'est-ce que tu as? what's wrong ou the matter with you?; j'ai qu'il m'énerve he's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; qu'est-ce que tu as à crier comme ça? what are you shouting like that for?; j'ai que mon ordinateur ne marche pas because my computer doesn't work; qu'est-ce qu'il a à conduire comme ça? why is he driving like that?; il a qu'il est soûl because he's drunk, that's why;7 (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques) j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid I am 20 years old/hungry/cold; la salle a 20 mètres de long the room is 20 metresGB long.en avoir○ to have balls◑; ne pas en avoir○ to have no balls◑.II.avoir nm2 ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl); avoirs à l'étranger foreign assets ou holdings; avoirs en caisse cash holdings; avoirs en dollars dollar-based assets;avoir fiscal tax credit.I[avwar] nom masculin[en comptabilité] credit side2. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCEavoirs assets, holdingsavoirs numéraires ou en caisse cash holdingsII[avwar] verbe auxiliaireA.1. [avec des verbes transitifs]as-tu lu sa lettre? did you read ou have you read his letter?non content de les avoir humiliés, il les a jetés dehors not content with humiliating them, he threw them out2. [avec des verbes intransitifs]3. [avec le verbe 'être']il aurait été enchanté he would've ou would have been delightedB.1. [exprime la possibilité]a. [conseil] all they have to do ou all they've got to do is write to the managerb. [menace] just let them (try and) write to the managers'il vous manque quelque chose, vous n'avez qu'à me le faire savoir if you're missing anything, just let me know2. [exprime l'obligation]et voilà, je n'ai plus qu'à recommencer! so now I've got to start all over again!3. [exprime le besoin]il a à te parler he's got something to ou there's something he wants to tell youtu n'as pas à t'inquiéter you shouldn't worry, you have nothing to worry about4. (locution)————————[avwar] verbe transitifA.1. [être propriétaire de - action, bien, domaine etc.] to have, to own, to possess ; [ - chien, hôtel, voiture] to have, to owntu n'aurais pas un stylo en plus? have you got ou do you happen to have a spare pen?2. [ami, collègue, famille etc.] to haveavoir un/une/des... qui: elle a un mari qui fait la cuisine she's got the sort ou kind of husband who does the cookingavoir son/sa/ses... qui (familier) : j'ai la chaîne de mon vélo qui est cassée the chain on my bike is broken3. [détenir - permis de conduire, titre] to have, to hold ; [ - droits, privilège] to have, to enjoy ; [ - emploi, expérience, devoirs, obligations] to have ; [ - documents, preuves] to have, to possessavoir le ballon to be in possession of ou to have the ball[au téléphone] to get through toj'ai essayé de t'avoir toute la journée I tried to get through to you ou to contact you all day5. [jouir de - beau temps, bonne santé, liberté, bonne réputation] to have, to enjoy ; [ - choix, temps, mauvaise réputation] to haveil a tout pour lui et il n'est pas heureux! he's got everything you could wish for and he's still not happy!6. [recevoir chez soi]avoir de la famille/des amis à dîner to have relatives/friends over for dinnerbientôt, nous aurons les chaînes européennes soon, we'll be able to get the European channels8. [attraper - otage, prisonnier] to have10. [monter à bord de - avion, bus, train] to catchB.1. [présenter - tel aspect] to have (got)elle a un joli sourire she's got ou she has a nice smileton père a le défaut de ne pas écouter ce qu'on lui dit your father's weakness is not listening to what people tell him[avec pour complément une partie du corps] to havefaites attention, il a une arme careful, he's got a weapon ou he's armed3. [faire preuve de]avoir du talent to have talent, to be talentedayez la gentillesse de... would you ou please be kind enough to...4. [exprime la mesure] to bele voilier a 4 m de large ou largeur the yacht is 4 m widetu en as pour 12 jours/deux heures it'll take you 12 days/two hours5. [exprime l'âge] to beC.1. [subir - symptôme] to have, to show, to display ; [ - maladie, hoquet, mal de tête etc.] to have ; [ - accident, souci, ennuis] to have ; [ - difficultés] to have, to experience ; [ - opération] to undergo, to have ; [ - crise] to have, to go through (inseparable)avoir de la fièvre to have ou to be running a temperatureje ne sais pas ce que j'ai aujourd'hui I don't know what's the matter ou what's wrong with me todayle car n'a rien eu du tout, mais la moto est fichue (familier) there wasn't a scratch on the bus but the motorbike's a write-offun enfant/chaton qui a des vers a child/kitten with wormselle eut cette phrase devenue célèbre she said ou uttered those now famous words3. [ressentir]avoir faim to be ou to feel hungryavoir peur to be ou to feel afraidavoir du chagrin to feel ou to be sadavoir de l'amitié pour quelqu'un to regard ou to consider somebody as a friendavoir du respect pour quelqu'un to have respect for ou to respect somebodyce chien/cette guêpe en a après toi! this dog/wasp has got it in for you!en avoir après ou contre quelque chose to be angry about something4. [élaborer par l'esprit - avis, idée, suggestion] to haveD.1 500 euros pour ce buffet? tu t'es fait avoir! 1,500 euros for that dresser? you were conned ou had ou done!tu t'es fait avoir! you've been had ou taken in ou taken for a ride!tu essaies de m'avoir! you're having ou putting me on!————————il y a verbe impersonnel1. [dans une description, une énumération - suivi d'un singulier] there is ; [ - suivi d'un pluriel] there areil n'y a qu'ici qu'on en trouve this is the only place (where) you can find it/themmerci — il n'y a pas de quoi! thank you — don't mention it ou you're welcome!il n'y a rien à faire, la voiture ne démarre pas it's no good, the car won't startil n'y a pas à dire, il sait ce qu'il veut there's no denying he knows what he wantsqu'est-ce qu'il y a? — il y a que j'en ai marre! (familier) what's the matter? — I'm fed up, that's what!2. [exprimant la possibilité, l'obligation etc.]il n'y a qu'à lui dire you/we etc. just have to tell him3. [indiquant la durée]4. [indiquant la distance]il doit y avoir une raison there must be a ou some reason -
62 использовать
. воспользоваться; максимально использовать; можно использовать; наиболее эффективно использовать; пользоваться; применять; широко использовать•Advantage is taken of this fact in some turbojet engines.
•Unique processes and equipment have been successfully applied in the mining and refining of potash salts.
•The great majority of amplifiers are electronic and depend (or rely) upon transistors and chips for their operation.
•These projects can draw on the data from five tests.
•The new relay employs three sets of contacts.
•To harness atomic energy for peaceful uses,...
•This reaction may be harnessed to perform work.
•The power unit makes use of a standard electric starter.
•These vehicles rely on ambient air as a source of oxygen.
•This nonreciprocity has as yet not been turned to useful account in antennas.
•At present, these laboratories are being utilized to test timbers.
•Such high precision makes it possible to employ (or use, or utilize) laser radiation as a primary standard of length and time.
•With electricity farmers could run useful devices of all kinds.
•This offers the possibility of putting hydrides to work in heat pumps.
•These techniques take advantage of the laser's high spectral intensity.
•Lasers are exploited to heat plasmas with short pulses of light.
•Double-break or multibreak devices can exploit this effect even at higher voltages.
•The author's suggestions were picked up by the Japanese who ran some preliminary tests on eleven pure elements.
•The steam from a dry field can be put to use() other than power production.
•The newest accelerators exploit the same fundamental principles as the first ones.
•Simplifying assumptions have been invoked to separate the two processes for individual study.
•If this natural gas can be tapped, there would be a tremendous source of fuel.
II•When all the even (or odd) integers are used up, there will still be half the series...
* * *Использовать -- to use, to utilize, to apply, to employ, to exploit; to make use of; to draw on (с оттенком заимствования); to rely on (полагаться на)Under these circumstances, we can employ the data from this experiment to establish limits for heat fluxes.These diffusers exploit the centrifugal forces acting on a swirling throughflow to enhance mixing and combustion.Each engine will be provided with a control unit which makes use of modern electronic techniques (... в котором используется...).Two independent methods were applied to eliminate any possible error in fringe order determination.The work of L. [...] was drawn on for the design of turbine blades.However, the theoretical magnitude is far from correct and we must rely on experimental values for the coefficient C.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > использовать
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63 combine
комбайн; сложная уборочная машина; комбинат; объединение; картель; синдикат; II комбинировать; сочетать; соединять; объединять(ся); убирать комбайном (напр. урожай зерна)- combine separator - corn combine - cotton combine - grain combine - half-track combine - hillside combine - level-land combine - maize combine - mounted combine - offset-header combine - pick-up combine - potato combine - prairie combine - pro-driven combine - pull-type tractor-drawn combine - self-propelled combine - semi-mounted combine - semi-self-propelled combine - side-cutting combine - silage combine - straight-combine method - straight-through in-line combine - tanker-type combine - three-point mounted combine - track-mounted combine - crawler combine - tractor-mounted combine - wide-cut combine - combined - combined bridge - combined carbon - combined deflection - combined-engine charging - combined error - combined extract and input ventilation - combined failure - combined fastening - combined fuel filter - combined hand-and-foot control - combined jet - combined jet nozzle - combined journal and thrust bearing - combined limiting and quick release valve - combined load - combined loading - combined mode crack - combined motor reducer - combined nozzle - combined pressure and vacuum relief valve - combined pressure gage - compound pressure gage - combined reducer-reverce unit - combined rolling and sliding friction - combined stop and emergency valve - combined strength - combined stress - combined stress test - combined takeup -
64 find
1. [faınd] n1) находкаthis book [my new secretary] is a regular find - эта книга [мой новый секретарь] - настоящая находка
2) открытие (месторождения и т. п.)3) горн. новое месторождение2. [faınd] v (found)♢
a sure find - а) охот. местонахождение зверя; б) человек, которого обязательно найдут /разыщут/I1. 1) находить, отыскиватьto find nothing to say - не найтись, что сказать
I have found what I want - я нашёл, что мне нужно
he is not to be found - его невозможно найти; его нигде нет
the committee must find a suitable man for the job - комиссия должна подыскать подходящего человека для этой работы
2) найти (случайно), наткнуться, встретитьсяto find some difficulty in doing smth. - встретить затруднение в чём-л.
2. открывать, находитьto find the answer to the problem - разрешить проблему, найти решение вопроса
you must take us as you find us - принимайте нас такими, какие мы есть
3. 1) обнаруживатьwe must leave everything as we find it - нужно оставить всё как есть /ничего не трогать/
I found the key missing - я обнаружил, что ключа нет
when the doctor came he found him already dead - когда пришёл врач, он уже был мёртв
2) застать, найти (где-л., за каким-л. занятием)to find smb. at home - застать кого-л. дома
I found everybody out - никого не оказалось дома, я никого не застал
she found him gone - она обнаружила, что его нет /что он уехал или ушёл/
I found her waiting in the hall - я увидел, что она ждёт меня в вестибюле
six months later we find him saying the exact opposite - и вот полгода спустя он говорит прямо противоположные вещи
Christmas found him still looking for work - на рождество он всё ещё был без работы
4. находить, обретатьto find a good friend [a supporter] in smb. - обрести хорошего друга [сторонника] в ком-л.
to find courage to... - найти в себе мужество, чтобы...
to find oneself - а) найти или обрести себя, своё призвание; she suddenly found herself and left the family to work in a hospital - она внезапно поняла, в чём её призвание, и уехала из дома, чтобы работать в больнице; to help the student to find himself as an individual - помочь учащемуся осознать себя как личность; б) чувствовать себя; how do you find yourself today? - как вы себя чувствуете сегодня?
his theory found no acceptance among scholars - его теория не получила признания в учёных кругах
5. достигать, попадать6. 1) считать, находитьto find it impossible [necessary, easy, difficult] to... - считать невозможным [необходимым, лёгким, трудным] сделать что-л.
I find it pays to get up early - я считаю, что имеет смысл рано вставать
this letter, I find, arrived yesterday - это письмо, как я вижу, пришло вчера
how do you find him? - как вы его находите?
2) убеждаться, приходить к заключениюyou will find that I am right - вы убедитесь, что я прав
I found that I was mistaken - я понял, что ошибся
I was surprised to find that... - я с удивлением увидел, что...
it has been found that... - выяснилось, что...
you may find it do you good - может оказаться, что это пойдёт вам на пользу
3) составить мнениеI find smth. repellent about the man - мне кажется, что в этом человеке есть что-то отталкивающее
7. юр.1) выносить приговор, определение, решениеthe jury found the prisoner guilty - присяжные признали подсудимого виновным
he was found guilty [innocent] - его признали виновным [невиновным]
to find that the deceased had been murdered by a person unknown - признать, что покойный был убит неизвестным лицом
to find for [against] the plaintiff - решить в пользу [против] истца
2) удостоверять действительность документа8. обеспечивать, субсидировать [см. тж. II Б 3]to find one's son with everything necessary - снабдить своего сына всем необходимым
the State finds half of the sum, leaving the parent to find the rest - государство оплачивает половину (расходов), глава семьи - остальное
£2 a week and find yourself - 2 фунта в неделю без питания
all /everything/ found - на всём готовом
wages £10 and all found - жалованье 10 фунтов на всём готовом
9. мат. определять, вычислятьto (try to) find the value of the unknown quantity - определять неизвестную величину
10. воен. выделять, выставлять11. охот. взять следII Авыбрать, выделить, уделить ( время)I can't find time to do it - у меня нет времени на это, я не могу выбрать время /собраться/ сделать это
II Б1. 1) to find oneself somewhere оказаться, очутиться где-л.when he awoke he found himself in hospital - когда он проснулся, то увидел, что находится в больнице
you will find yourself in prison soon if you act in that way - будешь себя так вести, в тюрьму угодишь
2) to find oneself in á state оказаться, очутиться в каком-л. положенииshe found herself in a dilemma - она очутилась в затруднительном положении
he found himself at a loss - он растерялся, он не знал, что ему делать
2. to find oneself doing smth. сделать что-л. неожиданно для себяwhen I heard the details I found myself crying - когда я услышал подробности, у меня покатились слёзы /я заплакал/
I found myself saying ❝yes❞ - и вдруг неожиданно для себя я согласился
3. to find smb., oneself in smth. обеспечивать кого-л., себя чем-л. [см. тж. II 8]she pays for her board and lodging but her father finds her in clothes - она платит за стол и квартиру, а отец одевает её
we are found in everything - house, food - мы всем обеспечены - и жильём и пищей
the house was well found in plate and linen - в доме было много посуды и столового белья
he was well found in classical learning - он обладал большими познаниями в области античной культуры
♢
to find one's way - попасть; пробраться, получить доступ
how did it find its way into this book? - каким образом это попало в книгу?
how did he find his way into the laboratory? - как ему удалось проникнуть в лабораторию?
to find one's bearings - а) ориентироваться, определять своё местонахождение; б) осваиваться
wait till he finds his bearing he'll show himself - обожди, он ещё покажет себя, дай ему только освоиться
to find one's feet - а) стоять на ножках, ходить ( о ребёнке); б) освоиться, стать на ноги; в) оправиться (после неудачи и т. п.)
to find one's tongue /voice/ - вновь обрести дар речи
to find fault (with) см. fault I 3
to find favour см. favour I 1
to find it in one's heart to do smth. - решиться на что-л.
I can't find it in my heart to scold him - у меня не хватает духу бранить его
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65 использовать
. воспользоваться; максимально использовать; можно использовать; наиболее эффективно использовать; пользоваться; применять; широко использовать•Advantage is taken of this fact in some turbojet engines.
•Unique processes and equipment have been successfully applied in the mining and refining of potash salts.
•The great majority of amplifiers are electronic and depend (or rely) upon transistors and chips for their operation.
•These projects can draw on the data from five tests.
•The new relay employs three sets of contacts.
•To harness atomic energy for peaceful uses,...
•This reaction may be harnessed to perform work.
•The power unit makes use of a standard electric starter.
•These vehicles rely on ambient air as a source of oxygen.
•This nonreciprocity has as yet not been turned to useful account in antennas.
•At present, these laboratories are being utilized to test timbers.
•Such high precision makes it possible to employ (or use, or utilize) laser radiation as a primary standard of length and time.
•With electricity farmers could run useful devices of all kinds.
•This offers the possibility of putting hydrides to work in heat pumps.
•These techniques take advantage of the laser's high spectral intensity.
•Lasers are exploited to heat plasmas with short pulses of light.
•Double-break or multibreak devices can exploit this effect even at higher voltages.
•The author's suggestions were picked up by the Japanese who ran some preliminary tests on eleven pure elements.
•The steam from a dry field can be put to use() other than power production.
•The newest accelerators exploit the same fundamental principles as the first ones.
•Simplifying assumptions have been invoked to separate the two processes for individual study.
•If this natural gas can be tapped, there would be a tremendous source of fuel.
II•When all the even (or odd) integers are used up, there will still be half the series...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > использовать
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66 камерностолбовая система разработки с выемкой камер с одной стороны выемочного штрека прямым ходом, а с другой стороны штрека-обратным ходом
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > камерностолбовая система разработки с выемкой камер с одной стороны выемочного штрека прямым ходом, а с другой стороны штрека-обратным ходом
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67 best
1. adjective superl. ofacademic.ru/31746/good">good1) best...be best [of all] — am [aller]besten sein
the best thing to do is to apologize — das beste ist, sich zu entschuldigen
2) (most advantageous) best...; günstigst...think it best to do something — es für das beste halten, etwas zu tun
3) (greatest)2. adverb superl. of[for] the best part of an hour — fast eine ganze Stunde
well II 2. am bestenas best we could — so gut wir konnten
3. nounhe is the person best able to do it — er ist der Fähigste, um das zu tun
1)the best — der/die/das Beste
2) (clothes) beste Sachen; Sonntagskleider Pl.wear one's [Sunday] best — seine Sonntagskleider tragen
3)play the best of three [games] — um zwei Gewinnsätze spielen
get the best out of something/somebody — das Beste aus etwas/jemandem herausholen
he is not in the best of health — es geht ihm nicht sehr gut
all the best! — (coll.) alles Gute!
4)the best — Pl. die Besten
with the best of intentions — in bester Absicht
from the best of motives — aus den edelsten Motiven [heraus]
5)be at one's best — in Hochform sein
[even] at the best of times — schon normalerweise
do one's best — sein bestes od. möglichstes tun
do the best you can — machen Sie es so gut Sie können
make the best of it/things — das Beste daraus machen
make the best of a bad job or bargain — (coll.) das Beste daraus machen
4. transitive verbto the best of my belief/knowledge — meines Wissens
* * *[best] 1. adjective, pronoun((something which is) good to the greatest extent: the best book on the subject; the best (that) I can do; She is my best friend; Which method is (the) best?; The flowers are at their best just now.) beste/-r/-s2. adverb(in the best manner: She sings best (of all).) am besten3. verb(to defeat: He was bested in the argument.) übertreffen- best man- bestseller
- the best part of
- do one's best
- for the best
- get the best of
- make the best of it* * *[best]1. (finest, most excellent)▪ the \best... der/die/das beste...those were the \best days of my life das war die schönste Zeit meines Lebensto be on one's \best behaviour sich akk von seiner besten Seite zeigen\best friend bester Freund/beste Freundin\best regards [or wishes] viele [o herzliche] Grüßegive my \best wishes to your wife richten Sie Ihrer Frau herzliche Grüße von mir aus▪ to be \best am besten seinwhat are you \best at in school? in welchem Fach bist du am besten?2. (most favourable)▪ the \best... der/die/das beste...he is acting in her \best interests er handelt nur zu ihrem Bestenthe \best thing she can do is forget him am besten vergisst sie ihn möglichst schnell!what's the \best way to the station? wie komme ich am besten zum Bahnhof?▪ to be \best am besten seinit is \best to try and get to the supermarket before the rush starts am besten erledigt man seine Einkäufe im Supermarkt, bevor der Ansturm einsetztyour parents only want what is \best for you deine Eltern wollen nur dein Bestesit would be \best if... am besten wäre es, wenn...to do as one thinks \best tun, was man für richtig hält3. (most)the \best part of sth der Großteil [o größte Teil] einer S. genthe meeting took the \best part of an hour die Besprechung dauerte fast eine Stundeshe spent the \best part of the summer at her grandparents sie hat den Sommer größtenteils [o den Großteil des Sommers] bei ihren Großeltern verbrachtfor the \best part of two decades fast zwei Jahrzehnte lang4.if you want to get to the station before 10 o'clock, your \best bet would be to take a taxi wenn Sie vor 10 Uhr am Bahnhof sein wollen, nehmen Sie am besten ein Taxi▶ may the \best man win möge der/die Beste gewinnen▶ the \best things come in small packages [or parcels] ( prov) die Größe sagt noch nichts über den Wert auswhich evening would suit you \best for the party? welcher Abend würde dir für die Party am besten passen?Ayers Rock is \best seen at sunset Ayers Rock besucht man am besten bei Sonnenuntergangyou had \best tell him es wäre das Beste, du würdest es ihm sagen, du solltest es ihm am besten sagenwe'd \best be going now wir gehen jetzt am bestentry as \best you can versuch es so gut du kannst\best of all am allerbestento like sth/sb \best [of all] etw/jdn am [aller]liebsten [o am [aller]meisten] mögen▪ the \best der/die/das Bestehe can dance with the \best of them was das Tanzen betrifft, kann er es mit jedem aufnehmenand \best of all und allem voran; people und allen voranthere was wonderful food, interesting people, and \best of all a jazz band es gab ausgezeichnetes Essen, interessante Leute, und, was das Beste war, eine Jazzbandthey all did well: John, Daniel and \best of all, Tom wie schnitten alle gut ab: John, Daniel, und allen voran Tom2. (highest quality)▪ the \best das Bestethis is journalism at it's \best das ist Journalismus vom Feinstenjust do the work to the \best of your ability machen Sie die Arbeit einfach so gut Sie könnento be the \best of friends die besten Freunde seinto be in the \best of health bei bester Gesundheit seinto the \best of my knowledge meines Wissensto the \best of my memory soweit ich mich erinnern kannto do/try one's [level [or very]] \best sein Bestes tun/versuchento bring out the \best in sb das Beste in jdm zum Vorschein bringento get the \best out of sb das Beste aus jdm herausholenall the \best! ( fam) alles Gute!\best of luck! viel Glück!please give her my \best bitte richten Sie ihr meine Grüße [o viele Grüße von mir] ausat the \best of times in den besten Zeitento send one's \best AM seine besten [Glück]wünsche sendento be [all] for the \best besser so seinI know it's hard for you to leave Michael, but it's for the \best ich weiß, es fällt dir schwer, Michael zu verlassen, aber es ist besser soto turn out for the \best sich als das Beste herausstellenat \best bestenfallsthe \best of the day/summer der größte Teil des Tages/Sommerswe've already had the \best of the hot weather this summer diesen Sommer ist es nun wohl vorbei mit den heißen Tagen5. (superiority)his illness got the \best of him er erlag seiner Krankheitto give sb the \best jds Überlegenheit anerkennen6. SPORTto play the \best of three/five spielen, bis eine Seite zweimal/dreimal gewonnen hat7.▶ to get the \best of the bargain [or it] am besten dabei wegkommen▶ to make the \best of a bad situation [or BRIT also job], to make the \best of things [or it] das Beste daraus machen▶ the \best of both worlds das Beste von beidemIV. vt▪ to \best sb jdn schlagen [o besiegen]* * *[best]1. adj superlbeste(r, s) attr; (= most favourable) route, price also günstigste(r, s) attrto be best — am besten/günstigsten sein
to be best of all — am allerbesten/allergünstigsten sein
that was the best thing about her/that could happen — das war das Beste an ihr/, was geschehen konnte
the best thing to do is to wait, it's best to wait — das Beste ist zu warten
may the best man win! — dem Besten der Sieg!
the best part of the year/my money — fast das ganze Jahr/all mein Geld
2. adv superl of wellhe was best known for... — er war vor allem bekannt für...
best of all — am allerbesten/-liebsten/-meisten
I helped him as best I could — ich half ihm, so gut ich konnte
do as you think best — tun Sie, was Sie für richtig halten
2)(= better)
you had best go now — am besten gehen Sie jetzt3. n1)(= person, thing)
the best — der/die/das Bestethe best of the bunch (inf) — (noch) der/die/das Beste
2) (= clothes) beste Sachen pl, Sonntagskleider pl (inf)to be in one's (Sunday) best — in Schale sein (inf), im Sonntagsstaat sein
3)to do one's ( level) best — sein Bestes or Möglichstes tun
it's not perfect but it's the best I can do —
what a lame excuse, is that the best you can do? — so eine lahme Ausrede, fällt Ihnen nichts Besseres ein?
to get the best out of sb/sth —
to play the best of three/five — nur so lange spielen, bis eine Partei zweimal/dreimal gewonnen hat
to make the best of it/a bad job — das Beste daraus machen
the best of it is that... — das Beste daran ist, dass...
it's all for the best —
to the best of my ability — so gut ich kann/konnte
to the best of my knowledge —
he is at his best at about 8 in the evening —
that is Goethe at his best — das ist Goethe, wie er besser nicht sein könnte
it's not enough ( even) at the best of times — das ist schon normalerweise nicht genug
4. vtschlagen* * *best [best]1. best(er, e, es):be best at hervorragend sein in (dat);best evidence JUR primärer Beweis;the best families die besten oder feinsten Familien;be in one’s best form SPORT in Bestform sein;2. best(er, e, es), geeignetst(er, e, es), passendst(er, e, es):the best thing to do das Beste(, was man tun kann)B (sup von well1) adv am besten, am meisten, am vorteilhaftesten, am passendsten:best of all am allerbesten;the best-hated man of the year umg der meistgehasste Mann des Jahres;as best they could bes Br so gut sie konnten, nach besten Kräften;you had best go es wäre das Beste, wenn Sie gingen;C v/t besiegen, schlagenD s1. (der, die, das) Beste:all the best! alles Gute!, viel Glück!2. umg bestes Stück (bester Anzug etc)3. SPORT Bestleistung f, -zeit f:he can play tennis with the best im Tennis zählt er zu den Besten;the best of it is … das Beste daran oder umg der Witz dabei ist …;be at one’s besta) in Hoch- oder Höchstform sein,b) in seinem Element sein journalism at its best bester Journalismus;do one’s best sein Möglichstes tun; tun, was man kann;do sth for the best etwas in bester Absicht tun;look one’s best am vorteilhaftesten oder besonders gut aussehen;a) sich zufriedengeben mit,b) sich mit etwas Unabänderlichem abfinden,d) einer Sache die beste Seite abgewinnen, das Beste machen aus he tried to make the best of it auch er versuchte zu retten, was noch zu retten war;he meant it for the best er hat es (doch nur) gut gemeint; → ability 1, belief 3, bring out 3, health 2, job1 A 6, knowledge 1, memory 1, recollection 1, remembrance 1, world Bes Redew* * *1. adjective superl. of1) best...be best [of all] — am [aller]besten sein
the best thing to do is to apologize — das beste ist, sich zu entschuldigen
2) (most advantageous) best...; günstigst...which or what is the best way? — wie ist es am besten od. günstigsten?
think it best to do something — es für das beste halten, etwas zu tun
3) (greatest)2. adverb superl. of[for] the best part of an hour — fast eine ganze Stunde
well II 2. am besten3. nounhe is the person best able to do it — er ist der Fähigste, um das zu tun
1)the best — der/die/das Beste
2) (clothes) beste Sachen; Sonntagskleider Pl.wear one's [Sunday] best — seine Sonntagskleider tragen
3)play the best of three [games] — um zwei Gewinnsätze spielen
get the best out of something/somebody — das Beste aus etwas/jemandem herausholen
all the best! — (coll.) alles Gute!
4)the best — Pl. die Besten
from the best of motives — aus den edelsten Motiven [heraus]
5)[even] at the best of times — schon normalerweise
do one's best — sein bestes od. möglichstes tun
make the best of it/things — das Beste daraus machen
make the best of a bad job or bargain — (coll.) das Beste daraus machen
4. transitive verbto the best of my belief/knowledge — meines Wissens
* * *adj.am besten adj.best adj.bester adj. -
68 científico
adj.scientific.m.scientist, investigator, researcher.* * *► adjetivo1 scientific► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 scientist* * *1. (f. - científica)noun2. (f. - científica)adj.* * *científico, -a1.ADJ scientific2.SM / F scientistcientífico/a social — social scientist
* * *I- ca adjetivo scientificII- ca masculino, femenino scientist* * *I- ca adjetivo scientificII- ca masculino, femenino scientist* * *científico11 = scholar, scientist.Ex: Under 'American scholar' he found editions published beginning, I believe, in the 1880s.
Ex: Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.* científico de la industria = industrial scientist.* científico de las ciencias de la tierra = geoscientist.* científico de la universidad = academic scientist.* científico del gobierno = government scientist.* científico teórico = theorist.científico22 = academic, learned, scholarly, scientific.Ex: Academic disputations are generally entered under the heading for the faculty moderator.
Ex: Abstracts will accompany various learned, technical or scholarly contributions.Ex: Personal authorship has been accepted for some time, and indeed reflects the scholarly practice of the western world.Ex: Over one hundred data bases are available, of which around half could be broadly categorised as scientific and technical.* argumento científico = scientific argument.* campo científico = academic field, scientific field.* científico-técnico = scientific-technical, sci-tech [scitech o sci/tech].* científico-tecnológico = scientific-technological.* comité científico = scientific committee.* comunidad científica, la = scientific community, the, research community, the, scientific research community, the, scholarly community, the.* CRISP (Recuperación Automatizada de Información sobre Proyectos Científicos) = CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects).* cuestión científica = scientific issue.* cultura científica = scientific culture.* debate científico = scientific debate.* deshonestidad científica = scientific misconduct.* disciplina científica = scientific discipline.* documento científico = scholarly work.* expresión científica = scientific locution.* falta de ética científica profesional = scientific misconduct.* fraude científico = scientific fraud.* histórico-científico = historico-scientific.* información científica y técnica = scientific and technical information (STI).* informe científico = scientific report.* Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).* ley de productividad científica de Lotka = Lotka's scientific productivity law.* leyes científicas = laws of physics.* literatura científica = scientific literature.* locución científica = scientific locution.* mala conducta científica = scientific misconduct.* mal comportamiento científico = scientific misconduct.* mundo científico, el = scholarly community, the, scientific world, the.* no científico = unscientific.* pensamiento científico = scientific thought.* poco científico = unscientific.* política científica = scientific policy.* producción científica = scholarly output.* producción científica de investigación = research literature.* productividad científica = scientific productivity.* reunión científica = scientific research meeting.* revista científica = journal, scholarly journal, scientific journal, technical journal, academic journal.* trabajo científico = scholarly work.* * *scientificmasculine, femininescientistCompuesto:científico/científica espacialmasculine, feminine space scientist* * *
científico◊ -ca adjetivo
scientific
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
scientist
científico,-a
I adjetivo scientific
II sustantivo masculino y femenino scientist
' científico' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
científica
- hallazgo
- investigador
- investigadora
- rigor
- nombre
English:
espionage
- scientific
- scientist
- bias
- hit
- open
- unscientific
* * *científico, -a♦ adjscientific♦ nm,f1. [investigador] scientist2. Méx Pol = one of the group of Europeanizing intellectuals influential during the rule of Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911)* * *I adj scientificII m, científica f scientist* * *científico, -ca adj: scientific♦ científicamente advcientífico, -ca n: scientist* * *científico1 adj scientificcientífico2 n scientist -
69 अयन _ayana
अयन a. [अय्-ल्युट्] Going (at the end of comp.); यथेमा नद्यः स्यन्दमानाः समुद्रायणाः Praśn. Up.1 Going, moving, walking; as in रामायणम्.-2 A walk, path, way, road; आयन्नापो$यनमिच्छमानाः Rv.3.33.7. अगस्त्य- चिह्नादयनात् R.16.44.-3 A place, site, abode, place of resort; Bṛi. Up.2.4.11. ता यदस्यायनं पूर्वम् Ms. 1.1 (occurring in the derivation of the word नारायण).-4 A way of entrance, an entrance (to an array of troops or व्यूह); अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमव- स्थिताः Bg.1.11.-5 Rotation, circulation period; अङ्गिरसां अयनम्; इष्टि˚, पशु˚.-6 A particular period in the year for the performance of particular sacrificial or other religious works; N. of certain sacrificial per- formances; as गवामयनम्.-7 The sun's passage, north and south of the equator.-8 (Hence) The period of this passage, half year, the time from one solstice to another; see उत्तरायण and दक्षिणायन; cf. also सायन and निरयण.-9 the equinoctial and solstitial points; दक्षिणम् अयनम् winter solstice; उत्तरम् अयनम् summer solstice;-1 Method, manner, way.-11 A Śāstra, scripture or inspired writing.-12 Final emancipation; नान्यः पन्था विद्यते$यनाय Śvet. Up.-13 A commentary; treatise.-14 The deities presiding over the ayanas.-Comp. -अंशः, -भागः the arc between the vernal equinoctial point and beginning of the fixed zodiac or first point of Aries.-कलाः The correction (in minutes) for ecliptic deviation. Sūryasiddhānta.-कालः the interval between the solstices.-ग्रहः A planet's longitude as corrected for ecliptic deviation; ibid.-जः a month caused by ayanāṁśa.-परिवृत्तिः Change of the अयन; sun's passage from one side of the equator to the other; अयनपरिवृत्ति- र्व्यस्तशब्देनोच्यते । ŚB. on MS.6.5.37.-संक्रमः, -संक्रान्तिः f. passage through the zodiac.-वृत्तम् the ecliptic. -
70 характеристика
attribute, behavior, characteristic, description, performance diagram, parameter, pattern, property, quality, rating, response, ( объекта) signature* * *характери́стика ж.1. characteristic; ( машины) performanceполуча́ть характери́стику из уравне́ния [по уравне́нию] — generate a characteristic by an equationснима́ть характери́стику — measure a characteristic, measure a responseстро́ить характери́стику — construct [plot] a characteristicстро́ить характери́стику, напр. в координа́тах Va — Ia — construct a curve of, e. g., Ia, against Va, plot, e. g., Ia, against Vaхарактери́стика явля́ется нечё́тной — the characteristic has odd-function symmetryхарактери́стика явля́ется чё́тной — the characteristic has even-function symmetry2. ( характеристическая кривая) (characteristic) curveснима́ть характери́стику по то́чкам — measure a characteristic by the point-by-point method3. (как определение понятия, явления, величины) characterizationамплиту́дная характери́стика ( не путать с амплиту́дно-часто́тной характери́стикой) — amplitude(-ratio) characteristic (not to he confused with the amplitude response or the amplitude — vs. — frequency characteristic)амплиту́дно-часто́тная характери́стика1. ( зависимость абсолютного значения векторной величины от частоты) amplitude(-frequency) characteristic2. ( изменение усиления или ослабления с частотой) (amplitude-)frequency response, amplitude responseаналити́ческая характери́стика — analytical characteristicано́дная характери́стика — брит. anode characteristic; амер. plate characteristicано́дно-се́точная характери́стика — брит. mutual characteristic (of a plate); амер. transfer characteristic (of a plate)антидетонацио́нная характери́стика ( топлива) — antiknock ratingаперту́рная характери́стика ( передающей телевизионной трубки) — resolution characteristicаэродинами́ческие характери́стики — aerodynamic characteristics, aerodynamics, aerodynamic dataаэродинами́ческие, расчё́тные характери́стики — design aerodynamic characteristicsба́зовая характери́стика ( транзистора) — base characteristicбаллисти́ческие характери́стики — ballistic characteristicsхарактери́стика без нагру́зки — unloaded (no-load) characteristicбезразме́рная характери́стика — dimensionless characteristicвеберампе́рная характери́стика — flux-current characteristicхарактери́стика вентиля́тора — fan characteristic, fan performance curveхарактери́стика вентиля́тора, индивидуа́льная — individual fan characteristicхарактери́стика вентиля́тора, теорети́ческая — theoretic(al) fan characteristicхарактери́стика вентиля́тора, универса́льная — universal fan characteristicвентиляцио́нная характери́стика ( шахты) — ventilation characteristicвзлё́тно-поса́дочные характери́стики — take-off and landing characteristicsвлагоразря́дная характери́стика — moisture discharge characteristicвне́шняя характери́стика — external characteristicвозраста́ющая характери́стика ( вид кривой на графике) — upward (sloping part of a) characteristic (curve)вольт-ампе́рная характери́стика — volt-ampere [voltage-current] characteristicво́льтовая характери́стика ( фотоприёмника) — voltage characteristicхарактери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]зави́симая — dependent time-lagхарактери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]незави́симая — independent time-lag, definite (operating) timeхарактери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]ограни́ченно зави́симая — inverse time with definite minimum, definite minimum inverse operating timeвременна́я характери́стика — time responseвремято́ковая характери́стика — current-time curveвходна́я характери́стика — input characteristicsвысо́тные характери́стики — altitude characteristicsвыходна́я характери́стика — output characteristicsгистере́зисная характери́стика — hysteresis characteristicsграфи́ческая характери́стика — characteristics curveхарактери́стика группирова́ния свз. — bunching characteristicхарактери́стики дви́гателя — engine performanceдете́кторная характери́стика ( частотного детектора) — response curve, transfer characteristic (of a discriminator)детонацио́нная характери́стика ( топлива) — knock rating, knock valueдинами́ческая характери́стика1. dynamic characteristic; dynamic response2. авто performance curveдио́дная характери́стика — diode characteristicхарактери́стика добро́тности — Q characteristicжё́сткая характери́стика эл. — flat characteristicхарактери́стика зажига́ния — firm characteristicхарактери́стика запира́ния ( электронной лампы) — cut-off characteristicзаря́дная характери́стика — charge characteristicхарактери́стика затуха́ния — attenuation characteristicидеализи́рованная характери́стика — idealized-characteristicхарактери́стика избира́тельности аргд., тлв. — selectivity characteristicкалибро́вочная характери́стика — calibration curve; ( аналитическое выражение) calibration equationквадрати́чная характери́стика — square-law characteristicхарактери́стика квазиконфо́рмного отображе́ния мат. — dilatation ratioкинемати́ческая характери́стика — motion characteristicколё́сная характери́стика — system of wheels, arrangement of wheels, wheel arrangementколле́кторная характери́стика ( транзистора) — collector characteristicхарактери́стика коро́ткого замыка́ния — short-circuit characteristicкоррозио́нная характери́стика — corrosion performanceкуло́н-во́льтная характери́стика — charge-voltage characteristicкусо́чно-лине́йная характери́стика — piecewise linear characteristicхарактери́стики ЛА в движе́нии кре́на ав. — roll(ing) characteristicsхарактери́стики ЛА в движе́нии тангажа́ ав. — pitch(ing) characteristicsлё́тные характери́стики — flight data, flight performance, flight characteristicsлине́йная характери́стика — linear characteristic; linear responseлогарифми́ческая характери́стика — log-log characteristicмагни́тная характери́стика — magnetic characteristic, B-H curveмехани́ческая характери́стика — speed-torque characteristicхарактери́стика моде́ли, часто́тная аргд. — model responseмодуляцио́нная характери́стика — modulation [drive] characteristicмя́гкая характери́стика эл. — drooping characteristicнагру́зочная характери́стика — load characteristicхарактери́стика напра́вленности — directional characteristic, directivity patternхарактери́стика нараста́ния перехо́дного проце́сса элк. — transient responseхарактери́стика насо́са — pump [head-capacity] characteristicнасыща́ющая характери́стика физ. — saturation characteristicхарактери́стика насыще́ния — saturation characteristicобра́тная характери́стика ( выпрямителя) — back characteristic; ( диода) reverse characteristicхарактери́стика отраже́ний от по́чвы рад. — ground echo patternхарактери́стика отраже́ния зву́ка — echoing characteristicхарактери́стика «от све́та до све́та» тлв. — overall transfer characteristicпа́дающая характери́стика эл. — drooping characteristicпассивацио́нная характери́стика ( металла) — passivation propertyперегру́зочная характери́стика — overload characteristic; ав. g-load curveхарактери́стика переда́чи тлв. — transfer characteristicхарактери́стика переда́чи полутоно́в тлв. — gray-tone [gray-half-tone] responseхарактери́стика перекрыва́ющего разря́да эл. — flashover characteristicперехо́дная характери́стика — ( при любом возмущении) transient response; ( при единичном ступенчатом возмущении) unit-step (function) responseхарактери́стика по зерка́льному кана́лу рад. — image responseпо́лная характери́стика — total characteristicполо́гая характери́стика — quiet (characteristic) curveполуто́новая характери́стика — half-tone characteristicхарактери́стика послесвече́ния — decay [persistence] characteristicхарактери́стика по сосе́днему кана́лу рад. — adjacent-channel responseхарактери́стика пото́ка аргд. — flow conditionsпростра́нственно-часто́тная характери́стика — spatial frequency responseхарактери́стика про́филя, аэродинами́ческая — airfoil characteristicпускова́я характери́стика — starting characteristicрабо́чая характери́стика — operating [working, performance] characteristic, performance (curve)характери́стика разго́на хим. — transient responseразмо́льная характери́стика (напр. угля) — grindability indexхарактери́стика раке́тного то́плива — propellant performanceрасчё́тная характери́стика — estimated performanceхарактери́стика реа́кции — responseхарактери́стика реа́кции систе́мы авт. — ( аналитическое выражение) response (function) of a system; ( графическое представление) response (characteristic) of a system, response (curve) of a systemхарактери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на едини́чное ступе́нчатое возмуще́ние авт. — unit-step (function) response of a systemхарактери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на и́мпульсное возмуще́ние авт. — impulse(-function) response of a systemхарактери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на лине́йно-возраста́ющее возмуще́ние авт. — ramp-function response of a systemхарактери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на показа́тельное возмуще́ние авт.— exponential-function response of a systemхарактери́стика регули́рования — control performanceреологи́ческая характери́стика гидр. — flow characteristicсветова́я характери́стика — опт. light characteristic; ( передающей ТВ трубки) light transfer characteristicхарактери́стика «свет — сигна́л» ( передающей ТВ трубки) — transfer characteristicсе́риесная характери́стика эл. — series [rising] characteristicхарактери́стика се́ти тепл. — system head curveсе́точная характери́стика элк. — grid characteristicсе́точно-ано́дная характери́стика — inverse mutual [transfer, grid-plate, grid-anode] charactristic; ( по напряжению) control characteristicхарактери́стика «сигна́л — свет» ( приёмной трубки) — transfer characteristicхарактери́стика систе́мы, амплиту́дно-фа́зовая ( годограф частотной характеристики) авт. — transfer locus of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, перехо́дная авт. — unit-step response (function)перехо́дная характери́стика систе́мы име́ет апериоди́ческий хара́ктер — ( выходная ордината стремится к установившемуся значению монотонно) the system has [shows] an aperiodic [overdamped] transient [unit-step] response; ( имеет один экстрениум и не пересекает установившегося значения) the system has [shows] a critically damped transient [unit-step] responseперехо́дная характери́стика систе́мы име́ет колеба́тельный хара́ктер — the system has an oscillatory unit-step responseхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная амплиту́дная ( модуль частотной характеристики) авт. — amplitude-ratio [gain] (vs. frequency) response (characteristic) of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная амплиту́дная логарифми́ческая авт. — log-magnitude plot [log-magnitude curve] of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная веще́ственная авт. — real (part of the) frequency response of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная логарифми́ческая ( в координатах lg \\ — lg \(\\\)) авт. — Bode diagramхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная мни́мая авт. — imaginary (part of the) frequency response of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная фа́зовая ( аргумент частотной характеристики) авт. — phase (vs. frequency) response (characteristic) of a systemхарактери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная фа́зовая логарифми́ческая ( в координатах \\ — lg \) авт. — phase-angle [phase-shift] (vs. log-frequency) plot of a systemсквозна́я характери́стика киб. — through characteristicскоростна́я характери́стика — velocity characteristic; ( шины) speed performanceсо́бственная характери́стика — inherent characteristicспада́ющая характери́стика ( вид кривой на графике) — downward sloping (part of a) characteristicспектра́льная характери́стика — spectral (response) characteristic, spectral response (function)срывна́я характери́стика аргд. — stalling characteristicстати́ческая характери́стика — static characteristicсте́ндовая характери́стика — test-bench characteristicступе́нчатая характери́стика — staircase characteristicсчё́тная характери́стика — counter characteristic curve; counting responseхарактери́стика телека́меры, спектра́льная — spectral [taking] characteristic of a TV cameraтемперату́рная характери́стика — temperature characteristicтеплова́я характери́стика — thermal responseтехни́ческая характери́стика — technical dataто́ковая характери́стика — current characteristicхарактери́стика турби́ны — steam consumption diagram, Willans lineтя́говая характери́стика — tractive characteristicхарактери́стики уде́льной про́чности — strength-weight propertiesхарактери́стика управле́ния — control characteristicхарактери́стики управля́емости авто — handling characteristics, handling behaviourусреднё́нная характери́стика — averaged characteristicуста́лостная характери́стика — fatigue characteristicфа́зово-часто́тная характери́стика — phase(-frequency) characteristicфо́новая характери́стика — background characteristicходовы́е характери́стики ж.-д. — rolling characteristicsхарактери́стика холосто́го хо́да — эл. no-load characteristic; ( в теории цепей и связи) open-circuit characteristicчасто́тная характери́стика элк. — frequency responseзава́л часто́тной характери́стики, напр. на высо́ких часто́тах — drop of amplification [gain roll-off] at, e. g., high frequenciesкорректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику, напр. усили́теля — compensate the frequency response of, e. g., an amplifierкорректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику усили́теля, напр. по высо́ким часто́там — give an amplifier, e. g., a high boost, apply, e. g., high-frequency compensation to an amplifier, raise amplifier gain at the high-frequency end of the rangeкорректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику усили́теля, напр. по ни́зким часто́там — apply, e. g., low-frequency compensation to an amplifier, raise amplifier gain at the low-frequency end of the rangeчасто́тная характери́стика име́ет неравноме́рность, напр. 3 дБ по диапазо́ну — the frequency response is flat within 3 dB over the bandwidthчасто́тная характери́стика равноме́рна до, напр. 1 МГц — the frequency response is flat up to, e. g., 1 MHzчасто́тная, равноме́рная по диапазо́ну характери́стика — bandpass responseсхе́ма име́ет равноме́рную по диапазо́ну часто́тную характери́стику — the circuit has [shows] a bandpass responseчислова́я характери́стика — numerical characteristicхарактери́стика чувстви́тельности — sensitivity characteristicшумова́я характери́стика — noise performanceшунтова́я характери́стика — shunt characteristicэквивале́нтная характери́стика — total [lumped] characteristicэксплуатацио́нная характери́стика — operating characteristicэмиссио́нная характери́стика — emission characteristic -
71 time
[taɪm] n\time stood still die Zeit stand still;in the course of \time mit der Zeit;over the course of \time im Lauf der Zeit;\time is on one's side die Zeit arbeitet für jdn;to have \time on one's side die Zeit auf seiner Seite haben;space and \time Raum und Zeit;for all \time für immer, für alle Zeiten;of all \time aller Zeiten;he was the greatest player of all \time er war der größte Spieler aller Zeiten;\time-tested [alt]bewährt;as \time goes by [or on] mit der Zeit;to spend \time Zeit verbringen;in \time mit der Zeit;\time's up ( fam) die Zeit ist vorüber;to have the \time of one's life sich akk großartig amüsieren;most of the \time meistens;for a short/long period of \time kurze/lange Zeit;to take the \time and trouble to do sth sich dat die Mühe machen, etw zu tun;in one week's \time in einer Woche;to have all the \time in the world alle Zeit der Welt haben;they played extra \time sie mussten in die Verlängerung;three minutes into extra \time, Ricardo scored the decisive goal nach drei Minuten Verlängerung erzielte Ricardo das entscheidende Tor;to have a good \time sich akk amüsieren;to give sb a hard \time ( fam) jdm Schwierigkeiten bereiten;a long \time ago vor langer Zeit;it takes a long/short \time es dauert lange/nicht lange;I haven't seen one of those in a long \time so einen/eine/eines habe ich schon seit langem nicht mehr gesehen;running \time Spielzeit f;for a short \time kurze Zeit;some \time ago vor einiger Zeit;for the \time being vorläufig;to do sth for a \time etw eine Zeitlang machen;to find the \time to do sth die Zeit [dazu] finden, etw zu tun;to give sb \time to do sth jdm Zeit geben, um etw zu tun;to have \time to do sth Zeit haben, etw zu tun;there's no \time to lose [or to be lost] wir dürfen [jetzt] keine Zeit verlieren, es ist höchste Zeit;to pass the \time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben;to be pressed for \time in Zeitnot sein;to run out of \time nicht genügend Zeit haben;to save \time Zeit sparen;to take one's \time sich dat Zeit lassen;to take more \time over [or with] sth sich dat mehr Zeit für etw akk nehmen, mehr Zeit für etw akk aufwenden;to waste \time Zeit vergeuden [o verschwenden];after a \time nach einer gewissen Zeitdaylight saving \time Sommerzeit f;Greenwich Mean T\time Greenwicher Zeit5) ( pertaining to clocks)to keep bad/good \time falsch/richtig gehen;the right \time die korrekte Zeit;wrong \time falsche Zeit;to gain/lose \time Zeit gewinnen/verlieren;the \time die Uhrzeit;what's the \time? wie spät ist es?;to have [got] the \time on one eine Uhr haben;to tell the \time die Uhr lesenthe best \time of day die beste Uhrzeit;what are you doing here at this \time of the day/night? was machst du um diese Uhrzeit hier?;at sb's \time of life in jds Alter;this \time tomorrow/ next month morgen/nächsten Monat um diese Zeit;the \time is drawing near when we'll have to make a decision der Zeitpunkt, zu dem wir uns entscheiden müssen, rückt näher;he recalled the \time when they had met er erinnerte sich daran, wie sie sich kennen gelernt hatten;at all \times immer;at any \time immer, jederzeit;at any given \time, at [any] one \time jederzeit;a bad/good \time eine schlechte/gute Zeit;at a different \time zu einer anderen Zeit;the last/next \time letztes/nächstes Mal;at other \times manchmal andererseits;\time and [\time] again immer wieder;ahead of \time ( esp Am) vorher;do you remember the \time Alastair fell in the river? erinnerst du dich, als Alastair in den Fluss fiel?;at the \time damals, zu jener Zeit;by the \time als;\times when... Zeiten, zu denen...the \times I've [or how many \times have I] told you... wie oft habe ich dir schon gesagt...;three \times champion (Brit, Aus) [or (Am) three \time champion] dreimaliger Meister/dreimalige Meisterin;four/three \times vier/drei Mal;at the same \time um dieselbe Zeit;from \time to \time von Zeit zu Zeitabout \time [too] (tasks etc. yet to be accomplished) wird aber auch [langsam] Zeit;(tasks etc. accomplished) wurde aber auch [langsam] Zeit;the \time is ripe die Zeit ist reif;in good \time rechtzeitig;in good \time for sth rechtzeitig zu etw dat;high \time for sth höchste Zeit für etw akk;ahead of \time vorzeitig;it is \time that... es ist [an der] Zeit, dass...;it is \time to do sth es ist [an der] Zeit, etw zu tun;the \time has come der Zeitpunkt kommt;to see when the \time comes etw sehen, wenn es aktuell ist;\time for sth Zeit für etw akk;in \time rechtzeitig;in \time to do sth rechtzeitig [o früh genug], um etw zu machen;on \time pünktlichto set a book/film at the \time of the Russian Revolution ein Buch/Film spielt zur Zeit der Russischen Revolution;she is one of the best writers of modern \times sie ist eine der besten Schriftstellerinnen der Gegenwart;at one \time früher;in \times past in der Vergangenheit, früher;to be behind the \times hinter seiner Zeit zurück sein;in \times gone by in der Vergangenheit;\time was when sth could be done früher war alles besserrecord \time Rekordzeit f;he won the 100 metres in record \time er gewann das 100-Meter-Rennen in einer neuen Rekordzeitmy grandmother has seen a few things in her \time meine Großmutter hat in ihrem Leben schon einiges gesehen;at sb's \time of life in jds Alter;old \times alte Zeiten;if one had one's \time over again wenn man nochmals beginnen könnte;the ideas of Galileo were ahead of his \time in seinem Denken war Galileo seiner Zeit weit voraus;before sb's \time ( occurring prematurely) vor der Zeit, frühzeitig;she has grown old before her \time sie ist frühzeitig gealtert;during sb's \time zu jds Zeit;in my \time zu meiner Zeit;in sth's \time zu seiner Zeit;in its \time the flying boat was the fastest means of transport zu seiner Zeit war das Amphibienflugzeug das schnellste Transportmittelto be/play out of \time aus dem Takt sein;to beat \time den Rhythmus schlagen;to get out of \time aus dem Takt kommen;to keep \time den Takt halten;in \time with sth im Takt mit etw dat\time and a half Überzeit f;double \time doppelte Bezahlung f (an Feiertagen);part \time Teilzeit f;to take \time off sich dat frei nehmen‘\time [please]!’ „Sperrstunde!“PHRASES:not to give sb the \time of day jdn ignorieren;\time is of the essence die Zeit drängt;to have \time on one's hands viel Zeit zur Verfügung haben;\time is a great healer ( saying)there's a \time and a place [for everything] ([for everything]) alles zu seiner Zeit;a week is a long \time in politics ( saying) eine Woche ist lang in der Politik;there's no \time like the present ( saying) was du heute kannst besorgen, das verschiebe nicht auf morgen ( prov)all good things in all good \time alles zu seiner Zeit;not to have much \time for sb jdn nicht mögen;to have a lot of \time for sb großen Respekt vor jdm haben;\time hangs heavy die Zeit steht still;\times are changing die Zeiten ändern sich;\time flies;doesn't \time fly? (?) die Zeit fliegt;to kill \time die Zeit totschlagen;\time moves on [or passes] wie die Zeit vergeht vtto \time sb over 100 metres für jdn die Zeit beim 100-Meter-Lauf nehmen [o stoppen];the winning team was \timed at 5 minutes 26 seconds die Gewinnermannschaft wurde mit 5 Minuten und 26 Sekunden gestoppt2) ( choose best moment for)to \time sth für etw akk den richtigen Zeitpunkt auswählen -
72 way
[weɪ] nthe W\way of the Cross der Kreuzweg;cycle \way Fahrradweg m;one-\way street Einbahnstraße f;excuse me, which \way is the train station? Entschuldigung, wie geht es hier zum Bahnhof?;could you tell me the \way to the post office, please? könnten Sie mir bitte sagen, wie ich zur Post komme?;there's no \way through the centre of town in a vehicle das Stadtzentrum ist für Autos gesperrt;will you get some bread on your \way home? kannst du auf dem Heimweg [etwas] Brot mitbringen?;oh, I must be on my \way oh, ich muss mich auf den Weg machen!;on the \way in/out... beim Hineingehen/Hinausgehen...;on my \way to Glasgow, I saw... auf dem Weg nach Glasgow sah ich...;on the \way back from India,... auf dem Rückweg/Rückflug von Indien...;sorry, I'm on my \way out tut mir leid, ich bin gerade am Gehen;we stopped on the \way to ask for directions wir hielten unterwegs, um nach dem Weg zu fragen;‘W\way In/Out’ „Eingang/Ausgang“;we have to go by \way of Copenhagen wir müssen über Kopenhagen fahren;to ask the \way [to the airport/station] nach dem Weg [zum Flughafen/Bahnhof] fragen;to be on the \way letter, baby unterwegs sein;no problem, it's on my \way kein Problem, das liegt auf meinem Weg;to be out of the \way abgelegen sein;to be out of sb's \way für jdn ein Umweg sein;we stopped to have lunch but within half an hour we were under \way again wir machten eine Mittagspause, waren aber nach einer halben Stunde bereits wieder unterwegs;to find one's \way home nach Hause finden;how did my ring find its \way into your pockets? ( fig) wie kommt denn mein Ring in deine Taschen?;to get under \way in Gang kommen;to give \way einem anderen Fahrzeug die Vorfahrt geben;remember to give \way vergiss nicht, auf die Vorfahrt zu achten!;on roundabouts, you have to give \way to cars already on the roundabout im Kreisverkehr haben die Autos Vorfahrt, die sich bereits im Kreisverkehr befinden;“give \way” ( Brit) „Vorfahrt [beachten]“;to go on one's \way sich akk auf den Weg machen;to go out of one's \way to do sth einen Umweg machen, um etw zu tun; ( fig) sich akk bei etw dat besondere Mühe geben;please don't go out of your \way! bitte machen Sie sich doch keine Umstände!;to go one's own \way ( fig) seinen eigenen Weg gehen;to go one's own sweet \way ( fig) rücksichtslos seinen eigenen Weg verfolgen;to go separate \ways getrennte Wege gehen;to go the wrong \way sich akk verlaufen;to lead the \way vorausgehen;the research group is leading the \way in developing new types of computer memory ( fig) die Forschungsgruppe ist führend in der Entwicklung neuartiger Computerspeicher;to lose one's \way sich akk verirren;to make one's own \way to sth alleine irgendwo hinkommen;we should make our \way home wir sollten uns auf den Heimweg machen;to make one's \way in the world seinen Weg gehen;to show sb the \way jdm den Weg zeigen;can you show me the \way out, please? können Sie mir bitte zeigen, wo es hier zum Ausgang geht?;to be [well] on the \way to doing sth auf dem besten Weg[e] sein, etw zu tun;I'm well on the \way to completing the report! der Bericht ist so gut wie fertig! ( fam)she's well on her \way of becoming an alcoholic sie ist auf dem besten Weg[e], Alkoholikerin zu werden;keep going straight and after a \ways, you'll see the house fahr immer geradeaus und nach ein paar Metern siehst du dann das Haus;all the \way den ganzen Weg;she stayed with him in the ambulance all the \way to the hospital sie blieb während der ganzen Fahrt bis zum Krankenhaus bei ihm im Krankenwagen;I agree with you all the \way ( fig) ich stimme dir voll und ganz zu;I'll take my complaint all the \way to the managing director if I have to ( fig) wenn ich muss, gehe ich mit meiner Beschwerde noch bis zum Generaldirektor;I'll support you all the \way ( fig) du hast meine volle Unterstützung;a long \way weit;a long \way back vor langer Zeit;( in time) fern/nahe sein;Christmas is just a short \way off bis Weihnachten ist es nicht mehr lange hin;to go a long \way ( fig) lange reichen;to have a [long] \way to go einen [weiten] Weg vor sich dat haben;to have come a long \way ( fig) es weit gebracht haben;he's still a long \way off perfection er ist noch weit davon entfernt, perfekt zu sein;a little kindness goes a long \way wenn man ein bisschen freundlich ist, hilft das doch gleich viel;[not] by long \way ( fig) bei Weitem [nicht]which \way up should this box be? wie herum soll die Kiste stehen?;“this \way up” „hier oben“;this \way round so herum;no, it's the other \way round! ( fig) nein, es ist gerade andersherum!;to be the wrong \way up auf dem Kopf stehenwhich \way are you going? in welche Richtung gehst du?;this \way, please! hier entlang bitte!;look this \way, please bitte hierher schauen;they live out Manchester \way ( fam) sie wohnen draußen bei Manchester;I really didn't know which \way to look ich wusste wirklich nicht mehr, wo ich hinschauen sollte;to come sb's \way;after applying for a job, many offers came her \way nachdem sie sich beworben hatte, bekam sie viele Angebote;I'd take any job that comes my \way ich würde jeden Job nehmen, der sich mir bietet;all of a sudden, money came her \way plötzlich kam sie zu Geld;when something like this comes your \way... wenn dir so etwas passiert,...;when a girl like this comes your \way... wenn dir so ein Mädchen über den Weg läuft,... ( fam)to go this/that \way hier/da entlanggehen;to go the other \way in die andere Richtung gehen;down my \way bei mir in der Nähe;down your \way in deiner GegendI liked the \way he asked for a date mir gefiel [die Art und Weise], wie er um ein Rendezvous bat;I don't like the \way he looks at me ich mag es nicht, wie er mich anschaut;it's terrifying the \way prices have gone up in the last few months es ist beängstigend, wie die Preise in den letzten Monaten gestiegen sind;that's just the \way it is so ist das nun einmal;the \way things are going... so wie sich die Dinge entwickeln...;trust me, it's better that \way glaub mir, es ist besser so!;that's her \way of saying she's sorry das ist ihre Art zu sagen, dass es ihr leid tut ( fam)I did it my \way ich habe es gemacht, [so] wie ich es für richtig hielt;do it my \way mach es wie ich;this is definitely not the \way to do it so macht man das auf gar keinen Fall!;he looked at me in a sinister \way er sah mich finster an;she's got a funny \way of asking for help sie hat eine komische Art, einen um Hilfe zu bitten;he's got a very strange \way of behaving er benimmt sich schon ziemlich seltsam ( fam)you could tell by the \way he looked man konnte es schon an seinem Blick erkennen;that's no \way to speak to your boss! so redet man nicht mit seinem Vorgesetzten!;the \way he looked at me... so wie er mich angeschaut hat...;the \way we were wie wir einmal waren;I wouldn't have it any other \way ich würde es nicht anders haben wollen;what a \way to talk! so etwas sagt man nicht!;what a \way to behave! so benimmt man sich nicht!;just leave it the \way it is, will you lass einfach alles so, wie es ist, ja?;to see the error of one's \ways seine Fehler einsehen;to be in the family \way in anderen Umständen sein ( euph)\way of life Lebensweise f;\way of thinking Denkweise f;to sb's \way of thinking jds Meinung f nach;this \way so;come on, do it this \way! komm, mach es so! ( fam)that \way, I'll save a lot of money auf diese [Art und] Weise spare ich viel Geld;looking at it in that \way, I was lucky after all so gesehen hatte ich sogar noch Glück;in a big \way im großen Stil;in a small \way im kleinen Rahmen;he started off in a small \way er fing klein an;one \way or another so oder so;one \way or another, we've got to... so oder so, irgendwie müssen wir...;either \way so oder so;no \way;there's no \way to get me on this ship keine zehn Pferde kriegen mich auf dieses Schiff! ( fam)there's no \way I'll give in ich gebe auf gar keinen Fall nach!;no \way! ausgeschlossen!, kommt nicht in die Tüte! ( fam)to show sb the \way to do sth jdm zeigen, wie etw gehtin a \way in gewisser Weise;in every [possible]\way in jeder Hinsicht;in many/some \ways in vielerlei/gewisser Hinsicht;in more \ways than one in mehr als nur einer Hinsicht;in no \way in keinster Weise;in which \ways does a zebra resemble a horse? worin ähnelt ein Zebra einem Pferd?;not in any \way in keiner Weiseto be in sb's \way jdm im Weg sein (a. fig)to block the way den Weg versperren;may nothing stand in the \way of your future happiness together! ( fig) möge nichts eurem zukünftigen gemeinsamen Glück im Wege stehen!;she's determined to succeed and she won't let anything stand in her \way sie ist entschlossen, ihr Ziel zu erreichen,und wird sich durch nichts aufhalten lassen;to get out of sb's/sth's \way jdm/etw aus dem Weg gehen;can you put your stuff out of the \way, please? kannst du bitte deine Sachen woanders hintun?;to get sb/sth out of the \way jdn/etw loswerden;could you get this out of the \way, please? könntest du das bitte wegtun?;please get the children out of the \way while I... sorge bitte dafür, dass die Kinder nicht stören, während ich...;to give \way ( fig) nachgeben;to give \way to [or make \way for] sth etw dat [o für etw akk] Platz machen; ( fig) etw dat weichen;make \way! Platz da!;to make \way [for sb] [für jdn] Platz machen (a. fig)to want sb out of the \way jdn aus dem Weg haben wollenby \way of an introduction to the subject,... als Einführung zum Thema...;my mother has a \way of knowing exactly what I need meine Mutter weiß irgendwie immer genau, was ich brauche;she just has a \way with her sie hat einfach so eine gewisse Art;there are \ways of making you talk, you know Sie werden schon noch Reden!;don't worry, we'll find a \way! keine Sorge, wir werden einen Weg finden!;\ways and means Mittel und Wege;with today's technology everybody has the \ways and means to produce professional-looking documents mit der heutigen Technologie hat jeder die Möglichkeit, professionell aussehende Dokumente zu erstellen;to have a \way with children gut mit Kindern umgehen könnenover the years we've got used to his funny little \ways im Lauf der Jahre haben wir uns an seine kleinen Marotten gewöhnt;that's the \way of the world das ist nun mal der Lauf der Dinge;to fall into bad \ways in schlechte Angewohnheiten verfallen;to be in a bad \way in schlechter Verfassung sein;he's been in a bad \way ever since the operation seit der Operation geht's ihm schlecht;she's in a terrible \way sie ist in einer schrecklichen Verfassungif I had my \way, we'd eat fish every day wenn es nach mir ginge, würden wir jeden Tag Fisch essenhe's by \way of being an artist er ist so'ne Art Künstler ( fam)to gather/lose \way Fahrt aufnehmen/verlieren\ways pl Helling fPHRASES:that's the \way the cookie crumbles ( crumbles) so ist das Leben [eben];to go the \way of all flesh den Weg allen Fleisches gehen ( geh)the \way to a man's heart is through his stomach ( is through his stomach) [die] Liebe [des Mannes] geht durch den Magen ( prov)to see/find out which \way the wind blows/ is blowing ( is blowing) sehen/herausfinden, woher der Wind weht;there are no two \ways about it daran gibt es keinen Zweifel;to fall by the \way auf der Strecke bleiben;to have it/sth both \ways beides haben;you can't have it both \ways du kannst nicht beides haben;by the \way übrigens;and, by the \way, this wasn't the first time I... und das war, nebenbei bemerkt, nicht das erste Mal, dass ich... advit would be \way better for you to... es wäre weit[aus] besser für dich,...;she spends \way too much money on clothes sie gibt viel zu viel Geld für Kleidung aus;you're \way out if you think... wenn du denkst, dass..., liegst du voll daneben!;to be \way down with one's guess mit seiner Schätzung völlig daneben liegen;\way back vor langer Zeit;\way back in the early twenties damals in den frühen Zwanzigern;to be \way past sb's bedtime ( fam) für jdn allerhöchste Zeit zum Schlafengehen sein;\way up in the sky weit oben am Himmel -
73 цель
сущ.Русское существительное цель многозначно и относится как к физической, так и к интеллектуальной сферам деятельности, не указывает на конкретные причины, называющие цель и желаемый результат. В английском же языке эквиваленты, напротив, содержат в себе указание на причины, характер самой цели и желаемый результат.1. aim — (существительное aim многозначно и соответствует двум значениям русского слова цель): a) цель, прицел, прицеливание, линия прицела: to take aim — прицеливаться; to miss the aim — промахнуться/не попасть в цель; to hit the aim — попасть в цель My aim wasn't very good and the ball went over the fence. — Я плохо прицелился, и мяч улетел через забор. What part of the target are you taking aim at? — В какую часть мишени ты целишься? Не quickly regained his balance, took aim, and fired. — Он быстро вновь обрел равновесие, прицелился и выстрелил. b) цель, намерение, план, планы, стремление, замыслы (то что вы надеетесь достичь, приложив усилия): sinister aims — зловещие замыслы; ambicious aims — честолюбивые планы The aim of the project is to help patients to be more independent. — Цель этого проекта — помочь пациентам стать более самостоятельными. The group was committed to achieving its aims through peaceful means. — Группа стремится к достижению своих целей мирными средствами. The council's aim is to improve services and cut costs. — Цель комитета — улучшить обслуживание и сократить расходы. The course's aim is to train students to develop their communicative skills. — Цель курса — помочь студентам развить их коммуникативные навыки.2. target — (существительное target многозначно; используется в прямом смысле как объект атаки/нападения, а также и в метафорическом, переносном смысле: цель деятельности): a) цель, мишень (при стрельбе, в спорте, игре), объект для нападения, объект для критики, объект для насмешек и т. д.: Few players managed to get their shots on target. — Мало кто из игроков смог послать мяч в цель./Мало кто из игроков смог послать стрелу в цель. Foreigners have become targets for attack by terrorists. — Иностранцы стали объектом нападения террористов. The house was left vacant and therefore a target for vandals. — Оставленный пустым дом стал объектом нападения вандалов./Оставленный пустым дом стал объектом нападения хулиганов. His war records became a target for his enemies. — Его военные заслуги сделали его мишенью для нападок недоброжелателей. b) заданная цель, поставленная задача ( часто выраженная в деньгах): prime target — приоритетная задача; to set a target — ставить цель/поставить задачу; to meet a target — достичь цели Target for the appeal is $20.000 for children's charities. — Цель обращения — собрать двадцать тысяч долларов на благотворительные цели для нуждающихся детей. The magazine has a target readership of half a million people. — Журнал ставит своей целью достичь полумиллионного тиража. We think teenagers are a prime target for the anti-smoking campaign. — Нам кажется, что основным объектом кампании против курения являются подростки.3. purpose — цель ( предполагает получение желаемого результата путем конкретных действий): specific (definite, unchanging, common, essential, temporary) purpose — особая (ясная, неизменная, общая, основная, временная) цель; in/with didactic/educational (patriotic, propagandistic) purposes — в воспитательных (патриотических, пропагандистских) целях; the sole purpose of doing it — единственная цель этих действий; to pursue a purpose — преследовать цель The author's purpose in writing this book was to draw attention to the problems of homeless children. — Автор написал эту книгу с целью привлечь внимание к судьбе/проблемам бездомных детей. The purpose of his tour is to attend the conference. — Цель его поездки — участие в конференции. The purpose of this dictionary is to help students of English. — Цель этого словаря — помочь изучающим английский язык./Задача этого словаря — помочь изучающим английский язык. Her sole purpose in being here was to kill some time. — Единственной целью ее прихода сюда было убить время. You must decide which method suits your purpose best. — Вы должны решить, какой метод наиболее соответствует вашей цели.4. object — цель, конечная цель (нечто, что вы планируете достичь, особенно труднодостижимое; употребляется только в единственном числе): the object of the exercise — цель ( любого) действия His object was to gain time until help could arrive. — У него была одна цель — выиграть время, пока не придет помощь. The object of the research is to find a cure for this illness. — Цель этого исследования — найти средство от этой болезни. In this game the object is to score as many points as you can in the time given. — Цель этой игры — набрать как можно больше очков в заданное время.5. objective — цель, задача, стремление (конечный результат, на который направлена вся деятельность; употребляется в основном в ситуациях, связанных с бизнесом и политикой): key objective — основная цель; primary/prime/principal objective — основная цель/важная цель; overriding objective — первостепенная цель/ приоритетная цель; ultimate objective — конечная цель; to accomplish/to achieve/to attain an objective — достигать цели; to fulfill/to meet/to reach one's objectives — выполнить задуманное/выполнить за планированное/ довести задуманное до конца/достигнуть цели I am not sure I understand the objective of this exercise. — Я не совсем понимаю цель этой деятельности. The main objective for unions should still be to safeguard the wages and conditions of their members. — Основной целью профсоюзов должны оставаться недопущение понижения зарплаты и ухудшения условий труда. One of the objectives behind the current advertising compaign is to increase sales overseas. — Одна из целей проводимой рекламной кампании — увеличение продаж за рубежом. This company is constantly failing to achieve its objectives. — Эта фирма почти никогда не добивается своих целей.6. goal — цель, задачи, планы, стремления, перспективы на будущее ( обозначает планы — личные или общественные — как ориентир для дальнейшего развития, даже если на достижение их потребуется длительный период): definite (ultimate, desired, stimulating) goal — четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) планы/четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) задачи/четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) цели; veiled (vague, illusory, mysterious) goal — неясные (туманные, иллюзорные, загадочные) цели/иеясные (туманные, иллюзорные, загадочные) перспективы; luminous (glittering, common, traditional, selfsame) goal — сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) цели/сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) планы/сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) задачи; to achieve/to attain (to cherish, to gain, to realize) goal (s) — достигать (лелеять, добиваться, реализовать/воплощать) цели Our goal is to provide a good standard of medical care. — Наша цель — добиваться высокого уровня медицинского обслуживания. You should set goals for yourself at the beginning of each school year. — Ежегодно в начале учебного года следует ставить перед собой цели на этот год./Ежегодно в начале учебного года следует продумывать, чего ты хотел бы достичь в предстоящем году. More motivation can be created if the children have definite goals toward which they can work. — Если перед детьми стоят ясные цели, их работа может быть более мотивированной./Если перед детьми стоят ясные цели, их работа может быть более осмысленной. Our goal is to radically reduce unemployment within five years. — Наша цель — радикально сократить уровень безработицы в течение следующих пяти лет./Наша задача — радикально сократить уровень безработицы в ближайшие пять лет.7. end — конечная цель (в данном значении end употребляется только во множественном числе, предполагает корыстные устремления/ цели/интересы, часто нечестные средства их достижения): selfish (personal, sordid/dirty, petty, shameful, disastrous) ends — эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) цели/эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) интересы/эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) устремления; political (commercial) ends — политические (коммерческие/торговые) соображения/политические (коммерческие/торговые) цели The demonstrators' ends do not justify their means. — Цели демонстрантов не оправдывают используемые ими средства. Racial tension in the country is exaggerated for political ends. — Напряженность расовых отношений в стране преувеличивается в политических целях./Напряженность расовых отношений в стране раздувается в политических целях. She used people for her own ends. — Она пользовалась людьми в своих корыстных целях. Business manipulates political issues for commercial ends. — Бизнес тенденциозно манипулирует политическими вопросами для достижении своих коммерческих целей.8. point — цель, задача, смысл (в данном значении используется только в единственном числе; употребляется для разъяснения стоящих задач, смысла деятельности): crucial (focal, fundamenial, important, key, main) point — решающая (центральная, основная, ключевая, важная, приоритетная) цель (чего-либо); to illustrate one's point — пояснять свои цели/проиллюстрировать смысл своей деятельности; to prove one's point —доказывать смысл своей деятельности/доказывать цель своей деятельности The point of these events is to raise money for children in need. — Цель этих действий — собрать деньги для нуждающихся детей. What's the point in keeping all these clothes that the children have grown out of? — Какой толк хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/Какой смысл хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/Зачем хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/ С какой целью хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли? I'm sorry, I just don't see the point of doing this. — Простите, но я не понимаю, зачем надо это делать./Простите, но я не вижу смысла, зачем надо это делать. I see no point discussing this any further. — Я не вижу смысла обсуждать дальше этот вопрос/Бесцельно обсуждать дальше этот вопрос./Бессмысленно обсуждать дальше этот вопрос. What's the point? — Зачем?/С какой целью? цивилизованный — civilized — см. культурный(о стране или обществе) -
74 Angled Draft
A method of drawing threads through the healds from front to back and then back to front, so that reverse weave designs are produced. The American meaning of this term differs slightly from above. They draw the warp threads straight for a certain number and then reverse, but the starting shaft for the reverse is on a shaft about half-way between No. 1 and the last shaft as shown in the diagram, where both styles are given. A shows the first, which is actually a "point draft", and B shows the real angled draft -
75 by
by [baɪ]de côté ⇒ 1 (b) près de ⇒ 2 (a) au bord de ⇒ 2 (a) devant ⇒ 2 (b) par ⇒ 2 (c)-(f), 2 (h), 2 (o), 2 (q) à ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (p), 2 (q) en ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (q) de ⇒ 2 (g), 2 (m), 2 (n)1 adverb∎ she drove by without stopping elle est passée (en voiture) sans s'arrêter;∎ he managed to squeeze by il a réussi à passer (en se faufilant);∎ if you see him, just walk on by si tu le vois, ne t'arrête pas;∎ two hours have gone by deux heures ont passé;∎ as time went by he became less bitter avec le temps il est devenu moins amer(b) (aside, away) de côté;∎ to lay or put sth by mettre qch de côté;∎ she put some money by for her old age elle a mis de l'argent de côté pour ses vieux jours∎ is there a bank close by? y a-t-il une banque près d'ici?;∎ she sat or stood by while they operated elle est restée là pendant qu'ils opéraient;∎ figurative how can you just sit or stand by while he suffers? comment peux-tu rester là sans rien faire alors qu'il souffre?;∎ stand by in case of an emergency ne vous éloignez pas au cas où il y aurait une urgence(d) (to, at someone's home)∎ I'll stop or drop by this evening je passerai ce soir;∎ your mother came by this morning ta mère est passée ce matin(a) (near, beside) près de, à côté de;∎ by a stream au bord ou près d'un ruisseau;∎ by the sea au bord de la mer;∎ she parked her car by the kerb elle gara sa voiture au bord du trottoir;∎ come and sit by me or my side viens t'asseoir près ou auprès de moi;∎ sitting by the fire assis près du feu;∎ don't stand by the door ne restez pas debout près de la porte∎ she walked right by me elle passa juste devant moi;∎ I drive by the school every day je passe (en voiture) devant l'école tous les jours∎ she left by the back door elle est partie par la porte de derrière(d) (indicating means, method)∎ to pay by cheque payer par chèque;∎ by letter/phone par courrier/téléphone;∎ to go by bus/car/plane/train aller en autobus/voiture/avion/train;∎ send it by plane/ship envoyez-le par avion/bateau;∎ by land/sea par (voie de) terre/mer;∎ by land and sea par terre et par mer;∎ it's quicker by train ça va plus vite en train;∎ I know her by name/sight je la connais de nom/vue;∎ literary he died by his own hand il est mort de sa propre main;∎ you must wash it by hand il faut le laver à la main;∎ was it made by hand/machine? a-t-il été fait à la main/machine?;∎ by candlelight à la lumière d'une bougie;∎ by moonlight au clair de lune;∎ I can do it by myself je peux le faire (tout) seul;∎ I'm all by myself tonight je suis tout seul ce soir∎ it was built by the Romans il fut construit par les Romains;∎ the house was surrounded by the police la police a cerné la maison;∎ I was shocked by his reaction sa réaction m'a choqué;∎ she had two daughters by him elle a eu deux filles de lui;∎ she has a daughter by her first marriage/husband elle a une fille de son premier mariage/mari∎ by chance/mistake par hasard/erreur;∎ by working overtime he managed to pay off his debts en faisant des heures supplémentaires il a réussi à rembourser ses dettes;∎ I'll lose by doing it j'y perdrai;∎ he learned to cook by watching his mother il a appris à faire la cuisine en regardant sa mère∎ a book by Toni Morrison un livre de Toni Morrison;∎ a quartet by Schubert un quatuor de Schubert(h) (indicating part of person, thing held) par;∎ carry it by the handle prends-le par la poignée;∎ she took her by the hand elle l'a prise par la main;∎ he seized him by the collar il l'a saisi par le col(i) (not later than, before)∎ she'll be here by tonight/five o'clock elle sera ici avant ce soir/pour cinq heures;∎ it must be done by tomorrow ça doit être fait pour demain;∎ I'll have finished by Friday j'aurai fini pour vendredi;∎ by the end of the 21st century illiteracy should be stamped out d'ici la fin du XXIème siècle l'analphabétisme devrait avoir disparu;∎ by 1960 most Americans had television sets en 1960 la plupart des Américains avaient déjà un poste de télévision;∎ by the time you read this letter I'll be in California lorsque tu liras cette lettre, je serai en Californie;∎ by the time the police came the thieves had left le temps que la police arrive ou lorsque la police arriva, les voleurs étaient déjà partis;∎ he should be in India by now il devrait être en Inde maintenant;∎ she had already married by then à ce moment-là elle était déjà mariée∎ by daylight au jour, à la lumière du jour;∎ he works by night and sleeps by day il travaille la nuit et dort le jour(k) (according to) d'après;∎ to call sb by his/her name appeler qn par son nom;∎ they're rich, even by American standards ils sont riches même par rapport aux normes américaines;∎ it's 6:15 by my watch il est 6 heures 15 à ou d'après ma montre;∎ you can tell he's lying by the expression on his face on voit qu'il ment à l'expression de son visage(l) (in accordance with) selon, d'après;∎ by law selon ou d'après la loi;∎ Sport & figurative to play by the rules faire les choses dans les règles(m) (with regard to) de;∎ to do one's duty by sb faire son devoir envers qn;∎ she's Canadian by birth elle est canadienne de naissance;∎ cheerful by nature gai par nature, d'un naturel gai;∎ he's an actor by trade or profession il est acteur de profession;∎ familiar it's all right by me moi, je suis d'accord ou je n'ai rien contre;∎ familiar if that's okay by you si ça te va, si tu es d'accord□(n) (indicating degree, extent) de;∎ Sport she won by five points elle a gagné de cinq points;∎ I missed the train by less than a minute j'ai manqué le train de moins d'une minute;∎ she's older than her husband by five years elle est plus âgée que son mari de cinq ans;∎ increase your income by half augmentez vos revenus de 50 pour cent;∎ they overcharged me by ten percent ils m'ont compté dix pour cent en trop;∎ his second book is better by far son deuxième livre est nettement meilleur(o) (in calculations, measurements)∎ multiply/divide 12 by 6 multipliez/divisez 12 par 6;∎ the room is 6 metres by 3 (metres) la pièce fait 6 mètres sur 3 (mètres)(p) (indicating specific amount, duration)∎ to be paid by the hour/week/month être payé à l'heure/à la semaine/au mois;∎ Commerce they only sell by the kilo ils ne vendent qu'au kilo;∎ Commerce it sold by the thousand ça s'est vendu par milliers;∎ he rents his room by the week il loue sa chambre à la semaine∎ little by little peu à peu;∎ day by day jour par jour, de jour en jour;∎ year by year d'année en année;∎ two by two deux par deux∎ north by west nord-quart-nord-ouestliterary bientôt1 adverbà propos∎ that's by the by ça n'a pas d'importance -
76 hole
1. noun1) Loch, dasmake a hole in something — (fig.) eine ganze Menge von etwas verschlingen
pick holes in — (fig.): (find fault with) zerpflücken (ugs.); auseinander nehmen (ugs.); madig machen (ugs.) [Person]
hole in the heart — Loch in der Herzscheidewand
3) (coll.) (dingy abode) Loch, das (salopp abwertend); (wretched place) Kaff, das (ugs. abwertend); Nest, das (ugs. abwertend)2. transitive verbhole in one — Hole-in-One, das; As, das
1) Löcher/ein Loch machen in (+ Akk.)2) (Naut.)be holed — leckschlagen (Seemannsspr.)
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/87854/hole_up">hole up* * *[həul] 1. noun2) (a hollow in something solid: a hole in my tooth; Many animals live in holes in the ground.) das Loch3) ((in golf) (the point scored by the player who takes the fewest strokes to hit his ball over) any one of the usually eighteen sections of the golf course between the tees and the holes in the middle of the greens: He won by two holes; We played nine holes.) das Loch, der Punkt2. verb1) (to make a hole in: The ship was badly holed when it hit the rock.) durchlöchern•- hole out* * *[həʊl, AM hoʊl]I. nto dig a \hole ein Loch grabento need sth like one needs a \hole in the head etw ist für jemanden so überflüssig wie ein Kropf famto cut \holes in sth Löcher in etw akk schneidento make a \hole through a wall ein Loch in eine Wand brechenan 18-\hole course ein Golfplatz m mit 18 Löchern\hole-in-one Hole in One ntwhat a \hole that place was! war das vielleicht ein übles Loch!the new proposal has several \holes in it der neue Vorschlag weist einige Mängel aufto pick \holes [in sth] [etw] kritisierenbe careful, some people will try to pick \holes in everything you say pass auf, einige Leute werden versuchen, alles, was du sagst, auseinanderzunehmenstop picking \holes all the time hör auf, ständig das Haar in der Suppe zu suchento be in a [bit of a] \hole [ganz schön] in Schwierigkeiten steckento get sb out of a \hole jdm aus der Patsche [o Klemme] helfento be in the \hole eingelocht sein famhe was in the \hole for six weeks er war sechs Wochen im Bau11.▶ the black \hole of Calcutta die reinste Hölle▶ to blow a \hole in sth etw über den Haufen werfen▶ to be [half a million dollars] in the \hole AM ( fam) [mit einer halben Million Dollar] in den Miesen sein BRD fam▶ to make a \hole in sb's savings ein Loch in jds Ersparnisse reißen▶ money burns \holes [or a \hole] in sb's pocket jd wirft das Geld mit beiden Händen zum Fenster raus▶ to be a round peg in a square \hole wie die Faust aufs Auge passenII. vt2. (in golf)to \hole a ball einen Ball einlochento \hole in one einlochen* * *[həʊl]1. n1) (in clothes, bucket, ground etc) Loch ntto be full of holes ( fig, plot, story ) — viele Schwächen aufweisen; (argument, theory) unhaltbar sein
I need that like I need a hole in the head (inf) — das ist das Letzte, was ich gebrauchen kann
to get sb out of a hole — jdm aus der Patsche or Klemme helfen (inf)
2. vt1) (= make a hole in) ein Loch machen in (+acc)3. vi1) (socks etc) Löcher bekommen* * *hole [həʊl]A s1. Loch n:a) durchlöchert, löch(e)rig,b) fig fehlerhaft, wack(e)lig (Theorie etc);find a better hole fig etwas Besseres finden;make a hole in figa) ein Loch in Vorräte etc reißen,b) jemandes Ruf etc schaden,c) jemandes Stolz etc verletzen,d) eine Flasche anbrechen;wear one’s socks into holes seine Socken so lange tragen, bis sie Löcher haben;2. Loch n, Grube f, Höhlung f3. Höhle f, Bau m (eines Tieres), Loch n (einer Maus)4. TECH Loch n, Bohrung f, Öffnung f5. umgb) Kaff n, Nest n (beide umg)6. umg Patsche f, Klemme f:be in the hole Schulden haben7. US kleine Buchta) runde Vertiefung, in die der Ball geschlagen werden mussb) (Spiel)Bahn f:10. sla) (Arsch)Loch n vulgb) Loch n vulg (Scheide)c) Maul n, Fresse f vulgB v/tb) durchlöchern2. Bergbau: schrämen3. ein Tier in seine Höhle treiben4. Golf: den Ball einlochena) einsperren,b) fig einen Antrag etc auf Eis legenC v/ihe holed in one ihm gelang ein Asa) sich in seine Höhle verkriechen (Tier),* * *1. noun1) Loch, dasmake a hole in something — (fig.) eine ganze Menge von etwas verschlingen
pick holes in — (fig.): (find fault with) zerpflücken (ugs.); auseinander nehmen (ugs.); madig machen (ugs.) [Person]
3) (coll.) (dingy abode) Loch, das (salopp abwertend); (wretched place) Kaff, das (ugs. abwertend); Nest, das (ugs. abwertend)2. transitive verbhole in one — Hole-in-One, das; As, das
1) Löcher/ein Loch machen in (+ Akk.)2) (Naut.)be holed — leckschlagen (Seemannsspr.)
Phrasal Verbs:- hole up* * *n.Bohrung -en f.Höhle -n f.Loch ¨-er n.Markierung f. -
77 Schlag
m; -(e)s, Schläge1. mit der Faust: blow, punch; dumpfer: thump; mit der offenen Hand: blow, whack umg.; klatschender: slap; bes. bei Kindern: smack; leichter: tap; mit dem Stock: whack; mit der Peitsche: lash of the whip; fig. (Schicksalsschlag, Unglück) blow; er schlug ihn mit einem einzigen Schlag k.o. he knocked him out with a single blow ( oder punch); ein dumpfer Schlag a dull thump; Schläge bekommen auch fig. get a (good) hiding ( oder drubbing); Schlag ins Gesicht auch fig. slap in the face; ein Schlag unter die Gürtellinie auch fig. a blow below the belt; jemandem einen Schlag versetzen deal s.o. a blow; fig. auch hit s.o. hard; zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen auch fig. move in for the kill; ihr Tod war ein harter Schlag für ihn her death was a heavy blow for him; Schlag ins Wasser umg., fig. (belly-)flop, washout; Schlag ins Kontor umg., fig. nasty shock ( oder surprise); Schlag auf Schlag fig. in quick succession; dann ging es Schlag auf Schlag fig. then things started happening (fast); auf einen oder mit einem Schlag fig. (auf einmal) in one go; (plötzlich) suddenly, from one moment to the next; er tat keinen Schlag umg., fig. he didn’t lift a finger; sie hat einen Schlag ( weg) umg., fig. she’s got a screw loose2. MED., umg. stroke; kleiner Schlag minor stroke; einen Schlag bekommen have a stroke; sie waren wie vom Schlag getroffen they were thunderstruck; (verblüfft sein) they just stood gaping; mich trifft der Schlag! well I’ll be blowed (oder bes. Am. damned)!; ich dachte, mich trifft der Schlag I didn’t know what hit me3. ETECH. (electric) shock; (Blitzschlag) flash; einen tödlichen Schlag bekommen receive a fatal (electric) shock, be electrocuted; ein kalter Schlag a flash of cold lightning4. Rudern, Schwimmen: stroke; Golf, Tennis etc.: shot, stroke5. (Geräusch) dumpf: thud; einer Glocke: chime; einer Uhr: auch stroke; (Herz-, Puls-, Trommelschlag) beat; Donnern: clap (of thunder); der Nachtigall: song; Schlag sechs Uhr on the stroke of six6. MIL. (Angriff) strike; der entscheidende / ein vernichtender Schlag the decisive / a crushing blow7. nur Sg.; fig. (Art) sort; auch ZOOL.: stock, breed; vom gleichen Schlag sein be made of the same stuff; pej. be tarred with the same brush; Leute seines Schlages men of his stamp ( oder type); Männer vom gleichen Schlag birds of a feather; vom alten Schlag of the old school; die Schotten sind ein eigener Schlag umg. the Scots are a strange lot8. umg. (Portion) helping; kann ich noch einen Schlag Kartoffelbrei haben? can I have another dollop of mashed potato (Am. potatoes Pl.)?12. MOT. etc. (Tür) door; Hühnerschlag, Taubenschlag* * *der Schlagbeat; blow; shock; hit; stroke; tap; pat; chop; flap; knock; slap; punch; buffet; coup; dollop; stinger; wham; sort; spank* * *[ʃlaːk]m -(e)s, -e['ʃlɛːgə]1) (lit, fig) blow (gegen against); (= Faustschlag auch) punch; (mit der Handfläche) smack, slap; (leichter) pat; (= Handkantenschlag, AUCH JUDO ETC) chop (inf); (= Ohrfeige) cuff, clout (inf), slap; (mit Rohrstock etc) stroke; (= Peitschenschlag) stroke, lash; (= einmaliges Klopfen) knock; (dumpf) thump, thud; (= leichtes Pochen) tap; (= Glockenschlag) chime; (= Standuhrschlag) stroke; (von Metronom) tick, beat; (= Gehirnschlag, Schlaganfall, Kolbenschlag, Ruderschlag, AUCH SCHWIMMEN, TENNIS) stroke; (= Herzschlag, Pulsschlag, Trommelschlag, Wellenschlag) beat; (= Blitzschlag) bolt, stroke; (= Donnerschlag) clap; (= Stromschlag) shock; (= Militärschlag) strikeman hörte die Schläge des Hammers/der Trommeln — you could hear the clanging of the hammer/beating of the drums
zum entscheidenden Schlág ausholen (fig) — to strike the decisive blow
Schlág auf Schlág (fig) — in quick succession, one after the other
Schlág acht Uhr (inf) — at eight on the dot (inf), on the stroke of eight
jdm/einer Sache einen schweren Schlág versetzen (fig) — to deal a severe blow to sb/sth
ein Schlág ins Gesicht (lit, fig) — a slap in the face
ein Schlág ins Kontor (dated inf) — a nasty shock or surprise
ein Schlág ins Wasser (inf) — a washout (inf), a letdown (inf)
ein Schlág aus heiterem Himmel — a bolt from the blue
mit einem or auf einen Schlág (inf) — all at once
mit einem Schlág berühmt werden — to become famous overnight
die haben keinen Schlág getan (inf) — they haven't done a stroke (of work)
ihn hat der Schlág getroffen (Med) — he had a stroke
ich dachte, mich rührt or trifft der Schlág (inf) — I was flabbergasted (inf) or thunderstruck
ich glaube, mich trifft der Schlág — I don't believe it
wie vom Schlág gerührt or getroffen sein — to be flabbergasted (inf) or thunderstruck (inf)
2) (inf = Wesensart) type (of person etc)vom Schlág der Südländer sein — to be a Southern type
vom gleichen Schlág sein — to be cast in the same mould (Brit) or mold (US); (pej) to be tarred with the same brush
vom alten Schlág — of the old school
3) (= Vogelschlag) song4) (dated = Wagenschlag) door5) (= Taubenschlag) cote, pigeon cage6) (Aus = Schlagsahne) cream7) (inf = Portion) helping8) (= Hosenschlag) flareeine Hose mit Schlág — flared trousers pl (esp Brit) or pants pl (esp US), flares pl (inf)
* * *der1) (a regular stroke or its sound: I like the beat of that song.) beat2) (the sound made when such a thing moves: We could hear the flap of the flag blowing in the wind.) flap3) (a blow or knock: a bang on the head from a falling branch.) bang4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) crack5) (the act of hitting: That was a good hit.) hit6) (an act of knocking or striking: She gave two knocks on the door; He had a nasty bruise from a knock he had received playing football.) knock7) (the striking of one hard object against another: A gun is fired by means of percussion.) percussion8) ((often electric shock) the effect on the body of an electric current: He got a slight shock when he touched the live wire.) shock9) (a song, show etc that is a great success: This play was a smash hit in New York.) smash hit10) (a strong blow: He gave his opponent a smash on the jaw.) smash11) (a slap of this kind.) spank12) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) stroke13) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) stroke14) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) stroke15) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) stroke16) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) stroke17) (an act of swatting: He gave the wasp a swat.) swat18) ((the sound of) a heavy blow or hit: They heard a thump on the door; He gave him a thump on the head.) thump19) (a blow: His father gave him a whack across the ear.) whack* * *<-[e]s, Schläge>[ʃla:k, pl ˈʃlɛ:gə]m1. (Hieb) blow (auf/gegen/in/vor + akk to, on), knock ( auf + akk on, gegen/in/vor + akk in), wallop (auf/gegen/vor + akk on, in + akk in), sock fam (auf/gegen/vor + akk on, in + akk in), clout fam (auf/gegen/vor + akk on, in + akk in); (mit Faust a.) punch ( auf + akk on, gegen/vor + akk on, to, in + akk in); (dumpfer) thump; (mit Handfläche) slap, smack (auf/gegen/vor + akk on, in + akk in); (leichter) pat ( auf + akk on); (mit Peitsche) lash; SPORT stroke; (Golf a.) shotjdm Schläge androhen to threaten sb with a beating [or fam clobbering]gern Schläge austeilen to be fond of one's fists[von jdm] Schläge bekommen [o (fam) beziehen] [o (fam) kriegen] to get a beating [or fam clobbering] [or to get beaten up] [or fam clobbered]ein \Schlag unter die Gürtellinie sein (fig fam) to be below the belt\Schlag mit etw dat blow with sth\Schlag mit der Axt blow [or stroke] of the axe\Schlag mit der Faust punch/thump\Schlag mit der Peitsche lash of the whipjdm einen \Schlag auf den Rücken geben (aufmuntern) to pat sb [or give sb a pat] on the back; (stärker) to thump sb [or give sb a thump] on the backein tödlicher \Schlag a fatal blowjdm einen \Schlag [auf/gegen/in/vor etw akk] versetzen to hit [or strike] sb [on/in sth], to deal sb a blow [to/on sth], to wallop sb [or give sb a wallop] [on/in sth], to clout sb [or give sb a clout] [on/in/ BRIT also round sth] famzum entscheidenden \Schlag ausholen to make ready [or to prepare] for the decisive blow/attackein vernichtender \Schlag a crushing bloweinen vernichtenden \Schlag gegen jdn führen to deal sb a crushing blow3. (Geräusch) bang (an + dat on); (dumpfer) thud; (leichter) bump; (mit Faust) thump (an + dat on); (Klopfen) knock (an + dat on4. (Rhythmus) beating no pl; (dumpfer a.) thudding no pl, thumping no pl; (heller a.) knocking no pl; eines Pendels swinging no pl; (einzeln) beat; (dumpfer a.) thud, thump; (heller a.) knock; eines Pendels swing; eines Kolbens, Ruders strokeein unregelmäßiger \Schlag des Pulses an irregular pulse [beat]5. (Töne) einer Uhr striking no pl; einer Glocke ringing no pl; (lauter) peal, pealing no pl; einer Trommel beating no pl; eines Gongs clanging no pl; (einzeln) einer Uhr stroke; einer Glocke ring; (lauter) peal; einer Trommel beat; eines Gongs clang\Schlag Mitternacht/acht [Uhr] on the stroke of midnight/eight [or at 8 o'clock sharpein kalter/zündender \Schlag schlug ein lightning struck without causing/and caused a fireein \Schlag ins Kontor [für jdn/etw] (fig fam) a real blow [to sb/sth]8. (Stromstoß) [electric] shockeinen \Schlag bekommen/haben to suffer/have a strokedie Schläge des Lebens life's buffetingsein \Schlag des Schicksals a stroke of fatejdm einen \Schlag versetzen to be [or come as] a blow to sb12. (Typ) type, kind, stampvom alten \Schlag[e] from [or of] the old schoolvom gleichen \Schlag sein to be made of the same stuff, to be birds of a featherein \Schlag Eintopf/Erbsen/Kartoffeln a portion of stew/peas/potatoesein zweiter \Schlag Eintopf/Erbsen/Kartoffeln a second helping of stew/peas/potatoesKuchen mit/ohne \Schlag cake with/without whipped cream16. FORST (Fällen) felling no indef art, no pl, clearing no indef art, no pl; (Stelle) felling area [or site]; (abgeschlossen) clearingeinige Schläge sind geplant there are plans to clear a number of sites17. AGR fieldfalscher/kurzer/langer \Schlag false/short/long tack spechalber \Schlag half hitchzwei halbe Schläge clove hitch sing20. MODEetw auf \Schlag nähen to flare sth22.▶ \Schlag auf \Schlag in rapid successionalles geht \Schlag auf \Schlag everything's going [or happening] so fast\Schlag auf \Schlag kommen to come thick and fastmit einem \Schlag berühmt werden to become famous overnight▶ jd hat bei jdm [einen] \Schlag (fam) sb is popular [or fam well in] [or BRIT fam also matey] with sb▶ etw hat bei jdm [einen] \Schlag sth is popular with sbdieser Wein hat keinen \Schlag bei mir this wine leaves me cold▶ jdn rührt [o trifft] der \Schlag (fam) sb is dumbfounded [or thunderstruck] [or fam flabbergasted] [or BRIT fam also gobsmacked]mich trifft der \Schlag! I'm lost for words!, well, blow me down [or I'll be blowed] [or dated strike me pink]! BRIT famich dachte, mich trifft der \Schlag, als... I couldn't believe my eyes/ears when...mich traf fast der \Schlag, als... I nearly had a fit when...* * *der; Schlag[e]s, Schläge1) blow; (FaustSchlag) punch; blow; (Klaps) slap; (leichter) pat; (als Strafe für ein Kind) smack; (Peitschenhieb) lash; (TennisSchlag, GolfSchlag) stroke; shotSchläge kriegen — (ugs.) get or be given a thrashing or beating
keinen Schlag tun — (ugs.) not do a stroke [of work]
jemandem einen Schlag versetzen — deal somebody a blow; (fig.) be a blow to somebody
auf einen Schlag — (ugs.) at one go; all at once
4) (einzelne rhythmische Bewegung) (HerzSchlag, PulsSchlag, TaktSchlag) beat; (eines Pendels) swing; (RuderSchlag, KolbenSchlag) stroke5) o. Pl. (Töne) (einer Uhr) striking; (einer Glocke) ringing; (einer Trommel) beating; (eines Gongs) clanging6) (einzelner Ton) (StundenSchlag) stroke; (GlockenSchlag) ring; (TrommelSchlag) beat; (GongSchlag) clangSchlag od. (österr., schweiz.) schlag acht Uhr — on the dot or stroke of eight
7) o. Pl. (Vogelgesang) song8) (BlitzSchlag) flash [of lightning]9) (Stromstoß) shock10) (ugs.): (Schlaganfall) strokejemanden trifft od. rührt der Schlag — (ugs.) somebody is flabbergasted
wie vom Schlag getroffen od. gerührt — (ugs.) as if thunderstruck
11) (SchicksalsSchlag) blow12) (TaubenSchlag) cote13) (ugs.): (Portion) helping* * *1. mit der Faust: blow, punch; dumpfer: thump; mit der offenen Hand: blow, whack umg; klatschender: slap; besonders bei Kindern: smack; leichter: tap; mit dem Stock: whack; mit der Peitsche: lash of the whip; fig (Schicksalsschlag, Unglück) blow;er schlug ihn mit einem einzigen Schlag k.o. he knocked him out with a single blow ( oder punch);ein dumpfer Schlag a dull thump;Schlag ins Gesicht auch fig slap in the face;ein Schlag unter die Gürtellinie auch fig a blow below the belt;jemandem einen Schlag versetzen deal sb a blow; fig auch hit sb hard;zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen auch fig move in for the kill;ihr Tod war ein harter Schlag für ihn her death was a heavy blow for him;Schlag ins Wasser umg, fig (belly-)flop, washout;Schlag auf Schlag fig in quick succession;dann ging es Schlag auf Schlag fig then things started happening (fast);er tat keinen Schlag umg, fig he didn’t lift a finger;sie hat einen Schlag (weg) umg, fig she’s got a screw loose2. MED, umg stroke;kleiner Schlag minor stroke;einen Schlag bekommen have a stroke;sie waren wie vom Schlag getroffen they were thunderstruck; (verblüfft sein) they just stood gaping;mich trifft der Schlag! well I’ll be blowed (oder besonders US damned)!;ich dachte, mich trifft der Schlag I didn’t know what hit meeinen tödlichen Schlag bekommen receive a fatal (electric) shock, be electrocuted;ein kalter Schlag a flash of cold lightning4. Rudern, Schwimmen: stroke; Golf, Tennis etc: shot, stroke5. (Geräusch) dumpf: thud; einer Glocke: chime; einer Uhr: auch stroke; (Herz-, Puls-, Trommelschlag) beat; Donnern: clap (of thunder); der Nachtigall: song;Schlag sechs Uhr on the stroke of sixder entscheidende/ein vernichtender Schlag the decisive/a crushing blowvom gleichen Schlag sein be made of the same stuff; pej be tarred with the same brush;Leute seines Schlages men of his stamp ( oder type);Männer vom gleichen Schlag birds of a feather;vom alten Schlag of the old school;die Schotten sind ein eigener Schlag umg the Scots are a strange lot8. umg (Portion) helping;kann ich noch einen Schlag Kartoffelbrei haben? can I have another dollop of mashed potato (US potatoes pl)?10.eine Hose mit Schlag (a pair of) flared trousers ( oder flares)11.Schlag bei Frauen haben umg have a way with women* * *der; Schlag[e]s, Schläge1) blow; (FaustSchlag) punch; blow; (Klaps) slap; (leichter) pat; (als Strafe für ein Kind) smack; (Peitschenhieb) lash; (TennisSchlag, GolfSchlag) stroke; shotSchläge kriegen — (ugs.) get or be given a thrashing or beating
keinen Schlag tun — (ugs.) not do a stroke [of work]
jemandem einen Schlag versetzen — deal somebody a blow; (fig.) be a blow to somebody
auf einen Schlag — (ugs.) at one go; all at once
4) (einzelne rhythmische Bewegung) (HerzSchlag, PulsSchlag, TaktSchlag) beat; (eines Pendels) swing; (RuderSchlag, KolbenSchlag) stroke5) o. Pl. (Töne) (einer Uhr) striking; (einer Glocke) ringing; (einer Trommel) beating; (eines Gongs) clanging6) (einzelner Ton) (StundenSchlag) stroke; (GlockenSchlag) ring; (TrommelSchlag) beat; (GongSchlag) clangSchlag od. (österr., schweiz.) schlag acht Uhr — on the dot or stroke of eight
7) o. Pl. (Vogelgesang) song8) (BlitzSchlag) flash [of lightning]9) (Stromstoß) shock10) (ugs.): (Schlaganfall) strokejemanden trifft od. rührt der Schlag — (ugs.) somebody is flabbergasted
wie vom Schlag getroffen od. gerührt — (ugs.) as if thunderstruck
11) (SchicksalsSchlag) blow12) (TaubenSchlag) cote13) (ugs.): (Portion) helping* * *-¨e m.bang n.bash n.beat n.blow n.buffet n.coup n.flap n.knock n.percussion n.shock n.stinger n.stroke n.wham* n. -
78 valoir
valoir [valwaʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 291. <a. to be worth• valoir 1 000 € to be worth 1,000 euros• 500 € à valoir sur votre prochaine facture 500 euros credit against your next bill• je lui fis valoir que... I pointed out to him that...► valoir mieux• dans ce cas, il vaut mieux refuser or mieux vaut refuser in that case, it's better to say no• avertis-le, ça vaut mieux it would be better if you told him• il vaut mieux le prévenir we'd (or you'd etc) better tell himb. ( = être valable) to holdc. ( = équivaloir à) la campagne vaut bien la mer the countryside is every bit as good as the seaside2. <• qu'est-ce qui nous vaut l'honneur de cette visite ? to what do we owe the honour of this visit?3. <► se valoir ( = être équivalent)• et pour le prix ? -- ça se vaut and pricewise? -- there's hardly any difference* * *valwaʀ
1.
valoir à quelqu'un — to earn somebody [châtiment, éloges, critiques]; to win somebody [amitié, admiration]; to bring somebody something [ennuis]
ça ne m'a valu que des ennuis — it brought me nothing but trouble, I got nothing but trouble out of it
que me vaut l'honneur de ta visite? — hum to what do I owe the honour [BrE] (of this visit)?
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( en termes monétaires) to be worthça vaut bien 50 euros — ( à peu près) it must be worth 50 euros; ( largement) it's well worth 50 euros
valoir de l'or — fig to be very valuable
2) ( qualitativement)que vaut ce film/vin? — what's that film/wine like?
le film ne vaut pas grand-chose — the film isn't very good ou isn't up to much (colloq)
il ne vaut pas cher — he is a worthless individual ou a bad lot (colloq)
ne rien valoir — [matériau, produit, roman] to be rubbish, to be no good; [outil, traitement, méthode] to be useless; [argument] to be worthless
la chaleur/le climat ne me vaut rien — the heat/the climate doesn't suit me
le film vaut surtout par la qualité du dialogue — the principal merit of the film is the quality of the dialogue [BrE]
ça ne me dit rien qui vaille — (projet, annonce) I don't like the sound of it
3) ( égaler) to be as good aston travail vaut bien/largement le leur — your work is just as good/every bit as good as theirs
le frère vaut la sœur — hum the brother is just as bad as the sister
4) ( équivaloir à) to be worth5) ( mériter) to be worthça en vaut la peine, ça vaut le coup — (colloq) it's worth it
6) ( être valable) [règle, critique] to apply7) ( avec faire)faire valoir — ( faire fructifier) to put [something] to work [argent]; to farm [terrain]; to turn [something] to good account [bien]; ( mettre en avant) to point out [mérite, nécessité]; to emphasize, to highlight [qualité, trait]; to advance [argument]; to assert [droit]; to make [something] known [intention]
faire valoir que — to point out that, to argue that
se faire valoir — to push oneself forward, to get oneself noticed ( auprès de quelqu'un by somebody)
3.
se valoir verbe pronominal [produit, œuvres] to be the same
4.
verbe impersonnelil vaut mieux faire, mieux vaut faire — it's better to do
mieux vaut or il vaut mieux une dispute qu'un malentendu — an argument is better than a misunderstanding, rather an argument than a misunderstanding
cela vaut mieux — (colloq) it's better like that ou that way
* * *valwaʀ1. vi1) (= être valable) [argument, observation] to hold, [règle] to applyLe directeur a rappelé que ce règlement valait aussi bien pour les anciens employés que pour les nouveaux. — The manager reminded everyone that the rule applied as much to existing employees as to new ones.
valoir mieux; Ça vaut mieux. — That would be better.
Il vaut mieux se taire. — It would be better to say nothing., It's better to say nothing.
Il vaut mieux que je parte. — It's better if I leave., It would be better if I left.
à valoir COMMERCE — on account
2. vt1) [prix, valeur, effort] to be worthCette voiture vaut très cher. — This car's worth a lot of money.
2) (= causer)valoir qch à qn [prix] — to earn sb sth, [ennuis] to cause sb sth
Ce type de comportement lui a déjà valu des ennuis. — This kind of behaviour has already caused him problems.
faire valoir [droits, prérogatives] — to assert, [domaine, capitaux] to exploit
* * *valoir verb table: valoirA vtr ( procurer) valoir qch à qn to earn sb [châtiment, éloges, critiques, inimitiés]; to win sb [amitié, admiration]; to bring sb [ennuis]; ça ne m'a valu que des ennuis it brought me nothing but trouble, I got nothing but trouble out of it; ce qui lui a valu d'aller en prison which earned ou got him/her a prison sentence; cela lui a valu d'être élu/exclu du parti it got him elected/expelled from the party; tout ce que t'a valu ta baignade, c'est un bon rhume all you got out of going swimming is a nasty cold; que me vaut l'honneur de ta visite? hum to what do I owe the honourGB (of your visit)?B vi1 ( en termes monétaires) [maison, article] valoir une fortune/cher/encore plus cher to be worth a fortune/a lot/even more; ça vaut combien? how much is it (worth), what is it worth?; ça vaut bien 50 euros ( à peu près) it must be worth 50 euros; ( largement) it's well worth 50 euros; ça ne vaut pas grand-chose it's not worth much; valoir de l'or fig [idée] to be very valuable; [employé] to be worth one's weight in gold; ⇒ avertir, deux;2 ( qualitativement) que vaut ce film/vin? what's that film/wine like?; que vaut-il en tant que gestionnaire? how good an administrator is he?; il ne vaut pas mieux que son frère he's no better than his brother; ils ne valent pas mieux l'un que l'autre there's nothing to choose between them; le film ne vaut pas grand-chose the film isn't very good ou isn't up to much○; il ne vaut pas cher he is a worthless individual ou a bad lot○; ne rien valoir [matériau, produit, roman] to be rubbish, to be no good; [outil, traitement, méthode] to be useless; [argument] to be worthless; il ne vaut rien comme cuisinier he's a useless cook; le pneu ne vaut plus rien the tyre has had it○; la chaleur/le climat ne me vaut rien heat/the climate doesn't suit me; l'alcool ne vaut rien pour le foie alcohol doesn't do the liver much good; le voyage ne m'a rien valu the journey hasn't done me any good; le film vaut surtout par la qualité du dialogue the principal merit of the film is the quality of the dialogueGB; je sais ce que je vaux I know my own worth; il n'y a rien qui vaille dans cette œuvre there's nothing good about this work; il ne me dit rien qui vaille I've got misgivings about him; ça ne me dit rien qui vaille (projet, annonce) I don't like the sound of it; elle valait mieux que cela! she deserved better than that!;3 ( égaler) to be as good as; ton travail vaut bien/largement le leur your work is just as good/every bit as good as theirs; une explication qui en vaut une autre an explanation which is as good as any other; rien ne vaut la soie nothing beats silk; tout cela ne vaut pas la Corse it's still not as good as Corsica; le frère vaut la sœur iron the brother is just as bad as the sister;4 ( équivaloir à) to be worth; un ouvrier expérimenté vaut trois débutants an experienced worker is worth three novices;5 ( mériter) to be worth; le musée vaut la visite or le déplacement/le détour the museum is worth a visit/a detour; la question vaut d'être posée the question is worth asking; ça vaut/ne vaut pas la peine or le coup○ d'y aller it is/isn't worth going; ça vaut la peine que tu y ailles it's worth your going; ça en vaut la peine, ça vaut le coup○ it's worth it; ça vaut le coup d'œil○ it's worth seeing;6 ( être valable) [règle, critique] to apply; la règle vaut pour tous les cas/pour tout le monde the rule applies in all cases/to everybody; ceci vaut surtout pour son dernier roman this is particularly true of his/her last novel;7 ( avec faire) faire valoir ( faire fructifier) to put [sth] to work [argent]; to put [sth] to good use [terrain]; to turn [sth] to good account [bien]; ( mettre en avant) to point out [mérite, nécessité]; to emphasize, highlight [qualité, trait]; to advance [argument]; to assert [droit]; to make [sth] known [intention]; faire valoir que to point out that, to argue that; faire valoir la difficulté qu'il y aurait à faire qch to point out the difficulty of doing sth; faire valoir ses droits à la retraite to claim one's right to retirement; faire valoir ses relations to mention one's connections; se faire valoir to push oneself forward, to get oneself noticed (auprès de qn by sb);C se valoir vpr [produit, œuvres] to be the same; les deux candidats se valent there's nothing to choose between the two candidates; ça se vaut○ it's all the same.D v impers il vaut mieux faire, mieux vaut faire it's better to do; mieux vaut or il vaut mieux une dispute qu'un malentendu an argument is better than a misunderstanding, rather an argument than a misunderstanding; il vaut mieux que tu y ailles you'd better go; il aurait mieux valu qu'il se taise he would have done better to keep quiet; cela vaut mieux○ it's better like that ou that way.vaille que vaille somehow or other; un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras, il vaut mieux tenir que courir a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.[valwar] verbe intransitif1. [avoir tel prix] to be worthas-tu une idée de ce que peut valoir ce guéridon? have you any idea how much this little table might be worth?une famille qui vaut plusieurs milliards de dollars (familier) a family worth several billion dollars[coûter] to costvaloir très cher to cost a lot, to be very expensive, to be very dearne pas valoir cher to be cheap ou inexpensive2. [avoir telle qualité] to be worthje sais ce que je vaux I know my worth ou what I'm worthque vaut une vie d'artiste sans la reconnaissance du public? what's the point of being an artist without public recognition?quand je manque de sommeil, je ne vaux rien if I haven't had enough sleep I'm uselessne pas valoir grand-chose: l'émission d'hier ne valait pas grand-chose yesterday's programme wasn't up to muchvaloir mieux que: elle vaut mieux que la réputation qu'on lui fait she's much better than her reputation would suggest3. [origine de la valeuré]valoir par: ma bague ne vaut que par les souvenirs qu'elle représente my ring has only sentimental value4. [être valable, applicable]valoir pour to apply to, to hold for5. COMMERCEà valoir sur: il y a deux euros à valoir sur votre prochain achat you'll get two euros off your next purchase6. (locution)a. [argument] to emphasize, to put forward (separable)b. [opinion, raisons] to put forward (separable)c. [droit] to assert, to enforced. [qualité] to highlight, to bring out (separable)faire valoir un capital ÉCONOMIE to turn a sum of money to (good) account, to make a sum of money yield a good profitfaire valoir des terres/une propriété to derive profit from land/a propertydans ce cas, mieux vaut s'abstenir in that case, it's better to do nothingil vaut mieux ne pas répondre it's best ou better not to answeril vaudrait mieux que tu y réfléchisses you'd do better to ou you should think about itça vaut mieux: appelle le médecin, ça vaut mieux it would be better ou safer if you called the doctorje vais lui dire — je crois que ça vaut mieux I'm going to tell him — I think that would be the best thing to doça vaut mieux ainsi/pour lui it's better that way/for him————————[valwar] verbe transitif1. [procurer]valoir quelque chose à quelqu'un to earn somebody something, to bring something to somebodyses efforts lui ont valu une médaille aux jeux Olympiques his efforts earned him a medal at the Olympic Gamesqu'est-ce qui me vaut l'honneur/le plaisir de ta visite? to what do I owe the honour/pleasure of your visit?l'émission d'hier soir nous a valu une avalanche de coups de téléphone we were deluged with telephone calls after last night's programmene rien valoir à quelqu'un [ne pas lui convenir] to be no good for somebody, not to agree with somebody, not to suit somebody3. [mériter] to be worthle village vaut le détour/déplacement the village is worth the detour/journeyl'enjeu de l'affaire vaut que l'on prenne le temps de la réflexion it's worth taking time to reflect when you see what's at stake in the dealquand je paie 40 euros pour un spectacle, je veux que ça en vaille la peine if I spend 40 euros on a show I like to get my money's worthj'ai gagné 3 000 euros — dis donc, ça vaut le coup! I won 3,000 euros — well, that was certainly worth it!à ce prix-là, ça vaut le coup at that price, you can't go wrongah, rien ne vaut les confitures de grand-mère! there's nothing like grandma's jam!ça ne vaut pas Éric, tu sais ce qu'il m'a dit? (familier) what about Eric then? do you know what he told me?————————se valoir verbe pronominaltu vas voter Dupond ou Dufort? — tout ça se vaut! are you going to vote Dupond or Dufort? — it's six of one and half a dozen of the other ou it's all the same thing!vaille que vaille locution adverbiale -
79 work
1. I1) men must work люди должны трудиться2) the lift (the typewriter, etc.) won't work лифт и т.д. не работает; the bell (the manometer, etc.) didn't work звонок и т.д. не действовал; I can't make the car (this pump, this machine, etc.) work не могу наладить машину /автомобиль/ и т.д.; my brain doesn't seem to be working я что-то плохо соображаю3) the medicine /the drug/ (the treatment, this diet, etc.) works лекарство и т.д. оказывает действие /действует/; the pill didn't work таблетка не помогла /не подействовала/; the yeast is beginning to work дрожжи начинают подниматься; yeast makes beer work пиво от дрожжей начинает бродить; we tried this plan, but it did not work мы попробовали применить этот план, но [из этого] ничего не вышло4) his face /features/ began to work [от волнения и т.п.] у него начало подергиваться лицо; her lips /her mouth/ worked у нее дрожали губы2. II1) work in some manner work hard (well enough, steadily, conscientiously, busily, etc.) усердно и т.д. работать /трудиться/; he can hardly work at all он почти совсем не может работать; work for (at) some time work day and night работать день и ночь; work overtime перерабатывать, работать сверхурочно; he is not working now a) у него сейчас нет работы; б) он сейчас не работает2) work in some manner the bell (the engine, the gear, the motor, etc.) works well (easily, smoothly, etc.) звонок и т.д. хорошо и т.д. работает; the system works badly система не отлажена; the hinges work stiffly (freely) петли тугие (свободные); my heart works badly сердце у меня пошаливает3) work in some manner the plan (smb.'s scheme, this new method, etc.) works well (successfully, etc.) план и т.д. оказался удачным /эффективным/; it can work both ways это может помочь, но может и навредить4) work in some manner his face (mouth, etc.) works nervously (violently, etc.) его лицо и т.д. нервно и т.д. подергивается5) work in some direction work up (down, out, etc.) пробираться /пробиваться, прокладывать себе путь/ вверх и т.А; her stockings worked down, у нее спустились чулки; the shirt worked up /out/ рубашка выбилась /вылезла/ из брюк или юбки3. IIIwork smth.1) work all day [long] (two hours a day, part time, etc.) работать весь /целый/ день и т.д.; work forty hours a week иметь сорокачасовую рабочую неделю2) work a typewriter (an adding machine, a tractor, a pump, etc.) работать на пишущей машинке и т.д.; I don't know how to work this gadget я не знаю, как обращаться с этой штукой /с этим приспособлением/; work a farm (a railway, a coal-mine, an estate, etc.) управлять фермой и т.д.3) work one's fingers (one's muscles, etc.) разрабатывать /тренировать/ пальцы и т.д.; work a scheme разрабатывать план; work a district (the constituency, etc.) обслуживать район и т.д.4) work the soil (iron, this kind of stone, etc.) обрабатывать почву и т.д.; work clay месить глину: work the dough вымешивать /месить/ тесто; work butter сбивать масло; work smb.'s initials вышивать (вырезать, выбивать и т.я.) чьи-л. инициалы; work buttonholes метать петли; work a shawl связать шаль5) work one's fingers (one's toes, one's lips, etc.) шевелить пальцами и т.д.; work one's jaws сжимать и разжимать челюсти, двигать челюстями6) work harm приносить вред; work destruction причинять разрушение; work havoc производить опустошение; work mischief натворить бед, устроить скандал; work changes производить перемены; work cures приносить исцеление; work-wonders /miracles/ творить чудеса4. IV1) work smb. in some manner work smb. hard (long hours) заставлять кого-л. усердно (много) работать, изнурять кого-л. работой2) work smth. somewhere work one's way forward (upwards, in, out, etc.) прокладывать себе путь /пробиваться/ вперед и т.д.; work one's way down с трудом спускаться; work one's way up а) пробиваться наверх; б) добиваться положения в обществе3) work smth. somewhere the trapper worked the stream up охотник расставил капканы вверх по ручью4) work smth. in some manner work one's fingers (one's lips, etc.) nervously нервно сжимать и разжимать пальцы и т.д.5. VIwork smth. into some state work a screw (a rope, a string, a tie, a knot, etc.) loose ослабить гайку и т.д.; work one's hands free освобождать /высвобождать, развязывать себе/ руки; work the chain (the rope, etc.) free освободиться от цепей и т.д.6. XI1) be worked by smth. this machine (the pump, the doll, etc.) is worked by electricity эта машина и т.д. приводится в действие электричеством /работает при помощи электричества/ || to be worked to the limit использовать до конца; the device has not yet been worked to the limit еще не все ресурсы этого приспособления использованы полностью2) be worked for some time the number of hours worked weekly shall be reduced to 40 рабочая неделя будет сокращена до 40 часов7. XIIIwork to do smth. men must work to live чтобы жить, люди должны работать; he worked to put his brother through college он работал, чтобы его брат мог закончить колледж8. XVwork into some state work loose ослабнуть; work free освободиться; the window catch (the screw, the nut, the handle, etc.) worked loose оконный шпингалет и т.д. разболтался9. XVI1) work at (in, on) some place work at an airplane factory (at a mill, at school, at an office, in an advertizing department, etc.) работать на авиационном заводе и т.д.; work in one's study (in the open air, in a garden, at one's desk, on a scaffolding, etc.) работать у себя в кабинете и т.д.; work on the land работать в сельском хозяйстве; work with smb. work with a grocer (with a florist, with this firm, with us, etc.) работать /служить/ у бакалейщика и т.д.; he is hard to work with с ним трудно работать /иметь дело/; work in (at, into, by, under) smth. work in one's spare hours (late into the night, late at night, by day, by night, etc.) работать в свой свободные часы и т.д.; work at top capacity (in full swing) работать на полную мощность; work at 2,500 HP иметь мощность в две тысячи пятьсот лошадиных сил; work under hard conditions работать в тяжелых условиях; work in shifts работать посменно; work for smth., smb. work for self-support (for a living, for a degree, for a higher certificate etc.) работать, чтобы обеспечить себя и т.д.; work for a small pay (for a wage, etc.) работать за небольшую плату и т.д.; work for a company (for a firm, etc.) служить в какой-л. компании и т.д.; work for the government быть на государственной службе; work with (without) smth. work with one's hands (with one's head, with a brush and paint, etc.) работать руками и т.д.; work with interest (with enthusiasm, with a will, without cessation, etc.) работать с интересом и т.д.;2) work on smth. work on an axle (on a pivot, etc.) вращаться на оси и т.д.; work on liquid fuel (on wood, on refined or crude petroleum, on all voltages, etc.) работать на жидком топливе и т.д.; this clock works on a spring эти часы приводятся в движение пружиной3) work in (with) smth. work in wood работать по дереву; work in oils (in water-colours, in distemper, etc.) писать маслом и т.д.; work in leather а) изготовлять изделия из кожи; б) тиснить кожу; work with silver (with gold, with wood, etc.) работать с серебром и т.д.; work at (on) smth. work at a shawl вышивать или вязать шаль; work on a tapestry (on a tombstone, etc.) работать над гобеленом и т.д.; work through smth. work through literature bearing on the subject (through the list, etc.) проработать литературу, относящуюся к данному вопросу и т.д.4) work at (on, upon, over) smth. work at history (at Greek, etc.) заниматься историей и т.д.; work at a new invention (at a topic, at a subject for many years, at a portrait, at a dictionary, etc.) работать над новым изобретением и т.д.; work at one's lessons делать /готовить/ уроки; work at one's profession совершенствовать свое профессиональное мастерство; work on this suggestion (on a new novel, on the case, etc.) работать над этим предложением и т.д.; have no data to work (up)on не иметь данных, из которых можно было бы исходить; work over a book (over a play, etc.) работать над книгой и т.д.; I worked over this letter half a dozen times before I sent it я переделывал это письмо десятки раз, прежде чем я его отправил; work over smb. I worked over him for an hour before I could revive him я бился целый час, чтобы привести его в чувство; after the match a masseur worked over him после матча его массировал массажист; work against (for, to, toward, towards) smth. work against war (against the cause, etc.) бороться /действовать, выступать/ против войны и т.д.; work for peace (for a cause, to the same end, toward(s) such results, for the good of humanity, for the world, etc.) работать на благо мира и т.д.; work in smth. work in literature работать в области литературы; work in this direction действовать в этом направлении; work in the interest of humanity работать на благо человечества; work with smb., smth. work with an English class (with a group, with children, etc.) работать /заниматься/ с английской группой и т.д.; work with figures иметь дело с цифрами5) work along (into, through, etc.) smth. work along the shelf of the rock с трудом продвигаться по уступу скалы; the grub worked into the wood в дереве завелся червячок; work into smb.'s favour coll. [хитростью] добиться чьего-л. расположения; work through the forest пробираться через лес; the rain works through the roof дождь проникает через крышу; his elbow has worked through the sleeve рукав у него протерся на локте; his toes worked through the boot его сапоги "каши просят"; the ship worked to windward корабль вышел на /выиграл/ ветер6) work with smth. smb.'s face (smb.'s lips, smb.'s features, smb.'s mouth, etc.) works with emotion (with excitement, with an effort to keep tears back, etc,) чье-л. лицо и т.д. подергивается от волнения и т.д.7) work (up)on smth., smb. work on smb.'s mind ((up)on smb.'s feelings, (up)on people, (up)on the vegetation, (up)on the public conscience, etc.) влиять /оказывать воздействие/ на чье-л. мнение и т.д.; work in smth. just drop a hint and leave it to work in his mind сделайте только намек, и мысль сама созреет в его голове; work with smb. the methods that work with one will not necessarily work with another то, что хорошо для одного, не обязательно годятся для другого, методы воздействия, годные для одного [человека], не обязательно будут эффективны для другого10. XVIIIwork oneself to some state he worked himself ill он переутомился и заболел || work oneself into smb.'s favour /into favour with smb./ добиться чьего-л. расположения; the rope (the knot, etc.) worked itself loose веревка и т.д. ослабла /развязалась/; the stream will work itself clear after rain когда пройдет дождь, поток снова станет прозрачным11. XIX11) work like smb. work like a slave (like a horse, like a navvy, etc.) = работать как вол2) work like smth. work like magic /like a charm/ оказывать магическое действие12. XX1work as smb. work as a shop assistant (as a clerk, as a typist, as a cook, as a receptionist, etc.) работать продавцом и т.д.13. XXI11) work smth. to smth. work one's passage /one's fare, one's ticket/ to the south (to America, etc.) отработать свой проезд на юг и т.д.; work one's way through college работать, чтобы иметь средства платить за обучение; work smb., smth. to some state work oneself (the slaves, etc.) to death изводить /изнурять/ себя и т.д. работой; work one's fingers to the bone стирать себе пальцы до крови /в кровь/2) work smth. by smth. work this machine (this device, etc.) by electricity (by radio, etc.) управлять этой машиной /приводить в действие эту машину/ и т.д. при помощи электричества и т.д.3) work smth. in smth. work flowers (lilies, a strange pattern, etc.) in silver thread (in silk, ill wool, etc.) вышивать цветы и т.д. серебряными нотками и т.д.; work smth. into smth. work the iron into a horseshoe изогнуть железо в подкову; work cotton into thread (hemp into cords, a silver dollar into a bracelet, etc.) сделать из хлопка нитки и т.д.; work one's hair into a knot закрутить /собрать/ волосы в узел /в пучок/; work cottage cheese into a smooth paste стереть творог в однородную массу; work smth. on smth. work a design on a cushion (one's initials on a handkerchief, eft.) вышивать узор и т.д. на подушке и т.д.; work smth. with smth. work a table-cloth (a robe, a blouse, etc.) with silk (with ornament, with lilies, etc.) расшивать скатерть и т.д. шелком и т.д.4) work smb. into some state work smb. (oneself, one's audience, etc.) into a rage (into a fever, into a hysterical mood, etc.) доводить кого-л. до бешенства и т.д.; don't work yourself into a temper! не взвинчивай себя!; work smb. for smth. work smb. for a loan (for a ticket, etc.) выманивать у кого-л. /обрабатывать кого-л., чтобы получить/ деньги взаймы и т.д.5) work smth. into smth. work a piano into a room втащить рояль в комнату; work the stone into the ring вправить камень в кольцо; work a pin into a hole вставить штифт в отверстие; work this quotation into a speech (an incident into a book, etc.) включать цитату в речь и т.д.; work smth. through (to) smb., smth. work one's way through the crowd (through the jungle, through the desert, through snow-fields, to the front of the crowd, to the summit, etc.) пробиваться через толпу и т.д.; work one's way to a position of responsibility добиваться положения в обществе -
80 full
full [fʊl]plein ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (f), 1 (h) rempli ⇒ 1 (a) complet ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (e) rassasié ⇒ 1 (d) détaillé ⇒ 1 (g) large ⇒ 1 (i) complètement ⇒ 2 (a) entièrement ⇒ 2 (a) carrément ⇒ 2 (b) intégralement ⇒ 3 au plus haut degré ⇒ 4(a) (completely filled) plein, rempli;∎ the cup was full to the brim or full to overflowing with coffee la tasse était pleine à ras bord de café;∎ this box is only half full cette boîte n'est remplie qu'à moitié ou n'est qu'à moitié pleine;∎ will you open the door for me, my hands are full vous voulez bien m'ouvrir la porte, j'ai les mains occupées;∎ don't talk with your mouth full ne parle pas la bouche pleine;∎ you shouldn't go swimming on a full stomach tu ne devrais pas nager après avoir mangé;∎ I've got a full week ahead of me j'ai une semaine chargée devant moi;∎ the sails are full les voiles portent bien∎ (to be) full of (filled with) (être) plein de;∎ her arms were full of flowers elle portait des brassées de fleurs, elle avait des fleurs plein les bras;∎ her eyes were full of tears elle avait les yeux pleins de larmes;∎ a look full of gratitude un regard plein ou chargé de reconnaissance;∎ his look was full of admiration son regard était plein d'admiration;∎ the children were full of excitement les enfants étaient très excités;∎ her parents were full of hope ses parents étaient remplis d'espoir;∎ she's full of good ideas elle est pleine de bonnes idées;∎ the day was full of surprises la journée a été pleine de surprises;∎ her letters are full of spelling mistakes ses lettres sont truffées de fautes d'orthographe;∎ full of energy or of life plein de vie;∎ to be full of oneself être plein de soi-même ou imbu de sa personne;∎ he's full of his own importance il est pénétré de sa propre importance;∎ they/the papers were full of news about China ils/les journaux ne parlaient que de la Chine;∎ familiar to be full of it raconter n'importer quoi;∎ vulgar to be full of shit déconner à pleins tubes∎ the hotel was full (up) l'hôtel était complet;(d) (satiated) rassasié, repu;∎ British I'm full (up)! je n'en peux plus!(e) (complete, whole) tout, complet(ète)∎ she listened to him for three full hours elle l'a écouté pendant trois heures entières;∎ the house is a full 10 miles from town la maison est à 15 bons kilomètres ou est au moins à 15 kilomètres de la ville;∎ in full sunlight en plein soleil;∎ the full amount la somme totale;∎ she received her full share of the money elle a reçu tout l'argent qui lui revenait;∎ he rose to his full height il s'est dressé de toute sa hauteur;∎ to fall full length tomber de tout son long;∎ he leads a very full life il a une vie bien remplie;∎ the full horror of the situation toute l'horreur de la situation;∎ I don't want a full meal je ne veux pas un repas entier;∎ give him your full name and address donnez-lui vos nom, prénom et adresse;∎ in full uniform en grande tenue;∎ in full view of the cameras/of the teacher devant les caméras/le professeur;∎ to get full marks avoir vingt sur vingt;∎ I got full marks in my maths test j'ai eu vingt sur vingt à mon examen de maths;∎ figurative full marks! bravo!;∎ full marks for observation! bravo, vous êtes très observateur!;∎ Photography in full colour tout en couleur;∎ Nautical full sail toutes voiles dehors;∎ figurative in full sail toutes voiles dehors, à toute vapeur∎ make full use of this opportunity mettez bien cette occasion à profit, tirez bien profit de cette occasion;∎ they had the music on full volume ils avaient mis la musique à fond;∎ on full beam en feux de route, en pleins phares;∎ peonies in full bloom des pivoines épanouies;∎ the trees are in full bloom les arbres sont en fleurs;∎ it was going full blast (heating) ça chauffait au maximum; (radio, TV) ça marchait à pleins tubes; (car) ça roulait à toute allure;∎ the orchestra was at full strength l'orchestre était au grand complet;∎ she caught the full force of the blow elle a reçu le coup de plein fouet(g) (detailed) détaillé;∎ I didn't get the full story je n'ai pas entendu tous les détails de l'histoire;∎ he gave us a full report il nous a donné un rapport détaillé;∎ I asked for full information j'ai demandé des renseignements complets∎ dresses designed to flatter the fuller figure des robes qui mettent en valeur les silhouettes épanouies(l) (brother, sister) germain2 adverb(a) (entirely, completely) complètement, entièrement;∎ I turned the heat on full or British full on j'ai mis le chauffage à fond;∎ British he put the radio full on il a mis la radio à fond;∎ to turn a tap on full or British full on ouvrir un robinet en grand(b) (directly, exactly) carrément;∎ the blow caught her full in the face elle a reçu le coup en pleine figure;∎ lying full in the sun couché en plein (au) soleil∎ you know full well I'm right tu sais très bien ou parfaitement que j'ai raison;∎ British full out à toute vitesse, à pleins gaz;∎ to ride full out filer à toute vitesse, foncerintégralement;∎ to pay in full payer intégralement;∎ we paid the bill in full nous avons payé la facture dans son intégralité;∎ they refunded my money in full ils m'ont entièrement remboursé;∎ write out your name in full écrivez votre nom en toutes lettres;∎ they published the book in full ils ont publié le texte intégral ou dans son intégralitéau plus haut degré, au plus haut point;∎ British enjoy life to the full profitez de la vie au maximum►► full board pension f complète;Finance full consolidation intégration f globale;Accountancy full cost accounting (method) méthode f de capitalisation du coût entier;Finance full costing méthode f du coût complet;Finance full discharge quitus m;Telecommunications full duplex bidirectionnel m simultané, full duplex m;∎ to send sth full duplex transmettre qch en full duplex;Economics full employment plein emploi m;full frontal = photographie montrant une personne nue de face;full general ≃général m à cinq étoiles;∎ Theatre to play to a full house jouer à guichets fermés;Computing full Internet access accès m à tout l'Internet;Cars full licence permis m tous véhicules;full member membre m à part entière;familiar the full monty (everything) la totale;∎ to do a Full Monty (strip) faire un strip-tease intégral□ ;full moon pleine lune f;∎ at full moon à la pleine lune;full pay paie f entière;Finance full payment paiement m intégral;Typography full point (in punctuation) point m;full price prix m fort;American full professor professeur m d'université (titulaire d'une chaire);Music full score partition f;full session (of a committee etc) réunion f plénière;∎ the parade came to a full stop le défilé s'est arrêté;∎ the whole airport came to a full stop toute activité a cessé dans l'aéroport;∎ I won't do it, full stop! je ne le ferai pas, un point c'est tout!;British University full term (at Oxford and Cambridge) = période pendant laquelle ont lieu les cours;full text texte m intégral;Sport full toss (in cricket) coup m plein;Commerce full weight poids m justeⓘ To do a Full Monty Cette phrase est une allusion au film britannique The Full Monty, qui fut un très gros succès en 1997, et qui est l'histoire d'un groupe de chômeurs de Sheffield qui décident de devenir strip-teaseurs. L'expression the full Monty existait déjà avant le film dans le sens "absolument tout", mais le film a donné naissance à cette nouvelle formule ( to do a Full Monty) qui signifie "faire un strip-tease intégral". On pourra dire par exemple: every Saturday night drunken youths spill out of pubs and do a full Monty in the middle of the High Street ("le samedi soir des jeunes sortent du pub complètement saouls et se mettent à poil au milieu de la rue principale").
См. также в других словарях:
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