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existimatione

  • 41 capio

    1.
    căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:

    capsimus,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:

    sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:

    cape hoc flabellum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:

    cepit manibus tympanum,

    Cat. 6, 3, 8:

    tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,

    Verg. A. 2, 717:

    cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,

    id. G. 3, 420:

    flammeum,

    Cat. 61, 8:

    acria pocula,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:

    lora,

    Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:

    baculum,

    Ov. M. 2, 789:

    colum cum calathis,

    id. ib. 12, 475:

    florem ternis digitis,

    Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:

    pignera,

    Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:

    ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:

    rem pignori,

    Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:

    scutum laeva,

    Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:

    capias tu illius vestem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;

    and of particular weapons: ensem,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    tela,

    id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:

    quicum una cibum Capere soleo,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:

    lauti cibum capiunt,

    Tac. G. 22.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of living objects.
    a. (α).
    Of persons:

    oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

    quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    reges capiuntur,

    Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:

    capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,

    Liv. 22, 49, 18:

    quos Byzantii ceperat,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:

    captos ostendere civibus hostes,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    captus Tarento Livius,

    Cic. Brut. 18, 72:

    servus ex hoste captus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:

    in captos clementia uti,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:

    inludere capto,

    Verg. A. 2, 64:

    quae sit fiducia capto,

    id. ib. 2, 75:

    ex captorum numero,

    Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:

    dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
    (β).
    Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:

    si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,

    id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:

    hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 763:

    neque quicquam captum'st piscium,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

    nisi quid concharum capsimus,

    id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    cervum,

    Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:

    hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,

    Verg. G. 4, 396.—
    b.
    To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:

    quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,

    Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:

    quamvis voluptate capiatur,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:

    secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,

    Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;

    erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,

    Hor. A. P. 362:

    hunc capit argenti splendor,

    id. S. 1, 4, 28:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 46:

    Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,

    Prop. 1, 1, 1:

    carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,

    Tib. 3, 1, 7:

    munditiis capimur,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;

    14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,

    Liv. 30, 12, 18:

    dulcedine vocis,

    Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:

    voce nova,

    id. ib. 1, 678:

    temperie aquarum,

    id. ib. 4, 344:

    (bos) herba captus viridi,

    Verg. E. 6, 59:

    amoenitate loci,

    Tac. A. 18, 52:

    auro,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:

    neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    splendore hominis,

    id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;

    nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
    c.
    To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:

    sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?

    Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    eodem captus errore quo nos,

    involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:

    ne quo errore milites caperentur,

    Liv. 8, 6, 16:

    capere ante dolis Reginam,

    Verg. A. 1, 673:

    captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),

    id. ib. 2, 196:

    ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,

    Sall. J. 14, 11:

    adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

    id. C. 14, 5:

    capi alicujus dolo,

    Nep. Dat. 10, 1:

    dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,

    Liv. 23, 35, 2:

    quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,

    Ov. M. 7, 301.—
    d.
    To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):

    tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:

    tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),

    Cic. Mur. 9, 22:

    callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),

    id. Brut. 48, 178.—
    e. (α).
    Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):

    mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,

    loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    captus omnibus membris,

    id. 2, 36, 8:

    capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,

    id. 21, 58, 5:

    oculis membrisque captus,

    Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

    congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:

    si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,

    id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:

    habuit filium captum altero oculo,

    Suet. Vit. 6:

    censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,

    Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:

    lumine,

    Ov. F. 6, 204:

    princeps pedibus captus,

    Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:

    captum leto posuit caput,

    Verg. A. 11, 830;

    and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,

    id. G. 1, 183.—
    (β).
    Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:

    labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,

    id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;

    rarely mentibu' capti,

    Lucr. 4, 1022; so,

    animo,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:

    captus animi,

    Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:

    virgines captae furore,

    Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:

    viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,

    Liv. 39, 13, 12:

    captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,

    id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:

    capti et stupentes animi,

    id. 6, 36, 8.—
    f.
    To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:

    de istac sum judex captus,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:

    Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,

    Liv. 3, 71, 2:

    me cepere arbitrum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:

    te mihi patronam capio, Thais,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:

    quom illum generum cepimus,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:

    non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,

    make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:

    si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:

    plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,

    Gell. 1, 12, 15:

    jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,

    Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:

    religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

    C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,

    Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    2.
    Of places.
    a.
    To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:

    loca capere, castra munire,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 23:

    castris locum capere,

    Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:

    locum capere castris,

    Quint. 12, 2, 5:

    ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,

    Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

    nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,

    Liv. 34, 14, 1:

    neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,

    id. 35, 14, 9:

    erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,

    Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,

    of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 5:

    quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,

    Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:

    tumulum suis cepit,

    Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;

    for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

    Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4;

    for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,

    Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:

    ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),

    Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
    b.
    To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:

    invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:

    MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    CORSICAM,

    Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):

    ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,

    Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:

    Troja capta,

    Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:

    urbem opulentissimam,

    id. 5, 20, 1:

    ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

    castra hostium,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 7:

    concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,

    id. 28, 39, 10:

    sedem belli,

    Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:

    oppressa captaque re publica,

    Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
    c.
    To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):

    insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,

    id. ib. 5, 23:

    nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,

    id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:

    qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,

    Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
    3.
    Of things of value, property, money, etc.
    a.
    In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:

    AVRVM, ARGENTVM,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    de praedonibus praedam capere,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:

    agros de hostibus,

    Cic. Dom. 49, 128:

    ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 4, 48, 2:

    quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,

    Nep. Con. 4, 4:

    classem,

    id. Cim. 2, 2:

    magnas praedas,

    id. Dat. 10, 2:

    ex hostibus pecuniam,

    Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:

    e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:

    signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §

    82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:

    cape cedo,

    id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:

    ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

    majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,

    id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:

    te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,

    Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:

    paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 4:

    ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,

    id. Att. 7, 2:

    quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,

    assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:

    quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,

    succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
    b.
    In particular connections.
    (α).
    With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:

    his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

    HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:

    quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,

    id. ib. §

    27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §

    91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §

    218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §

    71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,

    id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:

    ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,

    id. Clu. 42, 120:

    nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,

    id. Pis. 16, 38:

    si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,

    id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:

    ab regibus Illyriorum,

    Liv. 42, 45, 8:

    saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,

    Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
    (β).
    Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:

    si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,

    Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:

    qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,

    id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,

    Quint. 3, 6, 96:

    aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,

    id. 5, 14, 16:

    si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,

    Juv. 1, 55:

    qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,

    Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:

    qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,

    ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
    (γ).
    Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:

    capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:

    stipendium jure belli,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

    quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:

    vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,

    Liv. 28, 39, 13:

    quadragena annua ex schola,

    Suet. Gram. 23:

    si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,

    Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
    C.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):

    metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:

    honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,

    Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

    ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,

    id. Div. 2, 5:

    ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

    multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,

    id. Att. 1, 4, 2:

    fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,

    id. Pis. 14, 31:

    aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,

    Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:

    quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:

    utilitates ex amicitia maximas,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    usuram alicujus corporis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
    2.
    Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:

    gestum atque voltum novom,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:

    figuras Datque capitque novas,

    id. ib. 15, 309:

    formam capit quam lilia,

    id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:

    duritiam ab aere,

    id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:

    radicem capere,

    to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:

    cum pali defixi radices cepissent,

    Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:

    siliculam capere,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:

    maturitatem capere,

    Col. 4, 23, 1:

    radix libere capit viris,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:

    vires cepisse nocendi,

    Ov. M. 7, 417:

    (telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,

    Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
    3.
    Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:

    cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:

    qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

    aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

    consuetudinem exercitationemque,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    misericordiam,

    id. Quint. 31, 97:

    quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 346:

    disciplinam principum,

    Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:

    quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
    4.
    Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:

    nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:

    o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:

    in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,

    took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:

    consulatum,

    id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:

    honores,

    Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:

    imperium,

    id. Claud. 10:

    magistratum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:

    magistratus,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:

    capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),

    Ov. M. 3, 644:

    rerum moderamen,

    id. ib. 6, 677:

    pontificatum maximum,

    Suet. Vit. 11:

    rem publicam,

    Sall. C. 5, 6:

    neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,

    Liv. 2, 33, 1:

    ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,

    id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:

    patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,

    Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
    5.
    In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:

    augurium ex arce,

    Liv. 10, 7, 10:

    augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,

    Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:

    omen,

    Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

    in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,

    Liv. 9, 4, 1:

    rursus impetu capto enituntur,

    id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:

    a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,

    Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):

    nec vestra capit discordia finem,

    Verg. A. 10, 106:

    fugam,

    to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:

    ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,

    Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:

    expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,

    suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:

    ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,

    Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:

    eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
    6.
    Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:

    si occassionem capsit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:

    si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:

    quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:

    si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
    7.
    Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:

    quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:

    cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

    hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,

    Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:

    conjecturam capere,

    Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:

    capti consili memorem mones,

    id. Stich 4, 1, 72:

    quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:

    temerarium consilium,

    Liv. 25, 34, 7:

    tale capit consilium,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:

    confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:

    subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,

    Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):

    legionis opprimendae consilium capere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

    obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,

    Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:

    si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

    ut ego rationem oculis capio,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:

    cepi rationem ut, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
    8.
    Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:

    ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    praesagia a sole,

    Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:

    illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
    9.
    Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:

    tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:

    omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:

    laborem inanem ipsus capit,

    id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:

    ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!

    id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;

    hic potitur gaudia,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

    satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:

    plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 9:

    cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,

    id. ib. prol. 114:

    angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 48:

    quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,

    id. Off. 2, 9, 32:

    laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,

    id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:

    lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,

    id. Sen. 15, 54:

    opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,

    id. Brut. 1, 1:

    itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,

    id. ib. 40, 147:

    ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,

    Liv. 27, 40, 9:

    ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,

    id. 5, 20, 2:

    ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,

    id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):

    laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,

    id. ib. 14, 14, 4:

    ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,

    lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:

    maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:

    et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 33, 27, 10:

    voluptatem animi,

    Cic. Planc. 1, 1:

    malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),

    id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:

    quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
    10.
    Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):

    edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:

    numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:

    nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:

    te cepisse odium regni videbatur,

    id. ib. 2, 36, 91:

    Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2:

    etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,

    id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:

    qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?

    Liv. 27, 13, 2:

    oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,

    id. 38, 46, 12:

    tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:

    ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,

    Liv. 27, 8, 6:

    hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,

    id. 44, 12, 1:

    tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,

    Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;

    I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,

    Verg. A. 2, 384:

    infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!

    id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:

    cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,

    id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;

    I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,

    Liv. 1, 57, 10:

    ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,

    id. 25, 22, 1:

    tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,

    id. 23, 20, 7:

    senatum metus cepit,

    id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):

    quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,

    Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
    11.
    Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:

    calamitatem,

    Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:

    detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,

    Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;

    videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:

    Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:

    quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,

    Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
    II.
    To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:

    parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),

    Lucr. 6, 1030:

    jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,

    Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:

    terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,

    id. ib. 1, 75:

    dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,

    id. ib. 8, 558:

    cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,

    id. ib. 5, 324.—
    2.
    Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:

    di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:

    qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;

    volat vapor ater ad auras,

    Verg. A. 7, 466:

    non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:

    non capit se mare,

    Sen. Agam. 487:

    neque enim capiebant funera portae,

    Ov. M. 7, 607:

    officium populi vix capiente domo,

    id. P. 4, 4, 42:

    si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,

    Curt. 7, 8, 12:

    ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,

    Just. 2, 10, 19.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):

    tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
    2. a.
    Affirmatively (rare):

    quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,

    Curt. 9, 3, 7:

    si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,

    Quint. 2, 4, 17:

    dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,

    Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
    b.
    With negatives:

    non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,

    Lucr. 3, 298:

    nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,

    Ov. M. 6, 466:

    vix spes ipse suas animo capit,

    id. ib. 11, 118:

    ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,

    id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:

    sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,

    Curt. 7, 8, 13:

    majora quam capit spirat,

    id. 6, 9, 11:

    ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,

    id. 3, 12, 20:

    infirma aetas majora non capiet,

    Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
    3.
    Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):

    rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,

    Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:

    molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,

    id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:

    res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,

    Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
    4.
    With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):

    nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),

    Prud. Apoth. 154:

    crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,

    Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
    5.
    Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):

    sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 45:

    nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,

    id. 2, 6, 2:

    quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,

    Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

    senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,

    Liv. 9, 17, 14:

    somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,

    id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
    2.
    căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
    I.
    A taking:

    dominii,

    Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
    II.
    = usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capio

  • 42 Capta

    1.
    căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:

    capsimus,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:

    sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:

    cape hoc flabellum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:

    cepit manibus tympanum,

    Cat. 6, 3, 8:

    tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,

    Verg. A. 2, 717:

    cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,

    id. G. 3, 420:

    flammeum,

    Cat. 61, 8:

    acria pocula,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:

    lora,

    Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:

    baculum,

    Ov. M. 2, 789:

    colum cum calathis,

    id. ib. 12, 475:

    florem ternis digitis,

    Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:

    pignera,

    Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:

    ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:

    rem pignori,

    Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:

    scutum laeva,

    Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:

    capias tu illius vestem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;

    and of particular weapons: ensem,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    tela,

    id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:

    quicum una cibum Capere soleo,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:

    lauti cibum capiunt,

    Tac. G. 22.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of living objects.
    a. (α).
    Of persons:

    oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

    quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    reges capiuntur,

    Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:

    capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,

    Liv. 22, 49, 18:

    quos Byzantii ceperat,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:

    captos ostendere civibus hostes,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    captus Tarento Livius,

    Cic. Brut. 18, 72:

    servus ex hoste captus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:

    in captos clementia uti,

    Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:

    inludere capto,

    Verg. A. 2, 64:

    quae sit fiducia capto,

    id. ib. 2, 75:

    ex captorum numero,

    Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:

    dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
    (β).
    Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:

    si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,

    id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:

    hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 763:

    neque quicquam captum'st piscium,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

    nisi quid concharum capsimus,

    id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

    cervum,

    Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:

    hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,

    Verg. G. 4, 396.—
    b.
    To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:

    quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,

    Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:

    quamvis voluptate capiatur,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:

    secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,

    Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;

    erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,

    Hor. A. P. 362:

    hunc capit argenti splendor,

    id. S. 1, 4, 28:

    te conjux aliena capit,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 46:

    Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,

    Prop. 1, 1, 1:

    carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,

    Tib. 3, 1, 7:

    munditiis capimur,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;

    14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,

    Liv. 30, 12, 18:

    dulcedine vocis,

    Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:

    voce nova,

    id. ib. 1, 678:

    temperie aquarum,

    id. ib. 4, 344:

    (bos) herba captus viridi,

    Verg. E. 6, 59:

    amoenitate loci,

    Tac. A. 18, 52:

    auro,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:

    neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    splendore hominis,

    id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;

    nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
    c.
    To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:

    sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?

    Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    eodem captus errore quo nos,

    involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:

    ne quo errore milites caperentur,

    Liv. 8, 6, 16:

    capere ante dolis Reginam,

    Verg. A. 1, 673:

    captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),

    id. ib. 2, 196:

    ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,

    Sall. J. 14, 11:

    adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

    id. C. 14, 5:

    capi alicujus dolo,

    Nep. Dat. 10, 1:

    dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,

    Liv. 23, 35, 2:

    quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,

    Ov. M. 7, 301.—
    d.
    To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):

    tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:

    tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),

    Cic. Mur. 9, 22:

    callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),

    id. Brut. 48, 178.—
    e. (α).
    Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):

    mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,

    loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:

    captus omnibus membris,

    id. 2, 36, 8:

    capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,

    id. 21, 58, 5:

    oculis membrisque captus,

    Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

    congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:

    si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,

    id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:

    habuit filium captum altero oculo,

    Suet. Vit. 6:

    censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,

    Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:

    lumine,

    Ov. F. 6, 204:

    princeps pedibus captus,

    Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:

    captum leto posuit caput,

    Verg. A. 11, 830;

    and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,

    id. G. 1, 183.—
    (β).
    Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:

    labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,

    id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;

    rarely mentibu' capti,

    Lucr. 4, 1022; so,

    animo,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:

    captus animi,

    Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:

    virgines captae furore,

    Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:

    viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,

    Liv. 39, 13, 12:

    captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,

    id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:

    capti et stupentes animi,

    id. 6, 36, 8.—
    f.
    To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:

    de istac sum judex captus,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:

    Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,

    Liv. 3, 71, 2:

    me cepere arbitrum,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:

    te mihi patronam capio, Thais,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:

    quom illum generum cepimus,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:

    non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,

    make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:

    si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:

    plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,

    Gell. 1, 12, 15:

    jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,

    Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:

    religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

    C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,

    Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    2.
    Of places.
    a.
    To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:

    loca capere, castra munire,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 23:

    castris locum capere,

    Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:

    locum capere castris,

    Quint. 12, 2, 5:

    ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,

    Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

    nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,

    Liv. 34, 14, 1:

    neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,

    id. 35, 14, 9:

    erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,

    id. 35, 28, 1:

    locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,

    Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,

    of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 5:

    quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,

    Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:

    tumulum suis cepit,

    Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;

    for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

    Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4;

    for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,

    Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:

    ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),

    Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
    b.
    To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:

    invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:

    MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    CORSICAM,

    Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):

    ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,

    Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:

    Troja capta,

    Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:

    urbem opulentissimam,

    id. 5, 20, 1:

    ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

    castra hostium,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 7:

    concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,

    Liv. 42, 63, 6:

    plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,

    id. 28, 39, 10:

    sedem belli,

    Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:

    oppressa captaque re publica,

    Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
    c.
    To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):

    insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,

    id. ib. 5, 23:

    nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,

    id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:

    qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,

    Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
    3.
    Of things of value, property, money, etc.
    a.
    In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:

    AVRVM, ARGENTVM,

    Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:

    de praedonibus praedam capere,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:

    agros de hostibus,

    Cic. Dom. 49, 128:

    ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,

    Liv. 4, 48, 2:

    quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,

    Nep. Con. 4, 4:

    classem,

    id. Cim. 2, 2:

    magnas praedas,

    id. Dat. 10, 2:

    ex hostibus pecuniam,

    Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:

    e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:

    signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §

    82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:

    cape cedo,

    id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:

    ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

    majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,

    id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:

    te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,

    Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:

    paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 4:

    ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,

    id. Att. 7, 2:

    quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,

    assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:

    quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,

    succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
    b.
    In particular connections.
    (α).
    With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:

    his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:

    HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:

    quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,

    id. ib. §

    27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §

    91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §

    218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §

    71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,

    id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:

    ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,

    id. Clu. 42, 120:

    nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,

    id. Pis. 16, 38:

    si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,

    id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:

    ab regibus Illyriorum,

    Liv. 42, 45, 8:

    saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,

    Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
    (β).
    Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:

    si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,

    Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:

    qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,

    id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,

    Quint. 3, 6, 96:

    aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,

    id. 5, 14, 16:

    si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,

    Juv. 1, 55:

    qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,

    Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:

    qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,

    ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
    (γ).
    Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:

    capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:

    stipendium jure belli,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

    quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:

    vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,

    Liv. 28, 39, 13:

    quadragena annua ex schola,

    Suet. Gram. 23:

    si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,

    Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
    C.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):

    metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:

    honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,

    Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

    ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,

    id. Div. 2, 5:

    ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

    multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,

    id. Att. 1, 4, 2:

    fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,

    id. Pis. 14, 31:

    aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,

    Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:

    quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:

    utilitates ex amicitia maximas,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    usuram alicujus corporis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
    2.
    Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:

    gestum atque voltum novom,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:

    figuras Datque capitque novas,

    id. ib. 15, 309:

    formam capit quam lilia,

    id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:

    duritiam ab aere,

    id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:

    radicem capere,

    to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:

    cum pali defixi radices cepissent,

    Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:

    siliculam capere,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:

    maturitatem capere,

    Col. 4, 23, 1:

    radix libere capit viris,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:

    vires cepisse nocendi,

    Ov. M. 7, 417:

    (telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,

    Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
    3.
    Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:

    cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:

    qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

    aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

    consuetudinem exercitationemque,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    misericordiam,

    id. Quint. 31, 97:

    quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 346:

    disciplinam principum,

    Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:

    quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
    4.
    Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:

    nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:

    o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:

    in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,

    took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:

    consulatum,

    id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:

    honores,

    Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:

    imperium,

    id. Claud. 10:

    magistratum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:

    magistratus,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:

    capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),

    Ov. M. 3, 644:

    rerum moderamen,

    id. ib. 6, 677:

    pontificatum maximum,

    Suet. Vit. 11:

    rem publicam,

    Sall. C. 5, 6:

    neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,

    Liv. 2, 33, 1:

    ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,

    id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:

    patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,

    Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
    5.
    In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:

    augurium ex arce,

    Liv. 10, 7, 10:

    augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,

    Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:

    omen,

    Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

    in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,

    Liv. 9, 4, 1:

    rursus impetu capto enituntur,

    id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:

    a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,

    Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):

    nec vestra capit discordia finem,

    Verg. A. 10, 106:

    fugam,

    to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:

    ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,

    Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:

    expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,

    suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:

    ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,

    Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:

    eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
    6.
    Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:

    si occassionem capsit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:

    si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:

    quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:

    si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
    7.
    Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:

    quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:

    cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

    hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,

    Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:

    conjecturam capere,

    Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

    nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:

    capti consili memorem mones,

    id. Stich 4, 1, 72:

    quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:

    temerarium consilium,

    Liv. 25, 34, 7:

    tale capit consilium,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:

    confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:

    subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,

    Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):

    legionis opprimendae consilium capere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

    obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,

    Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:

    si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

    ut ego rationem oculis capio,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:

    cepi rationem ut, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
    8.
    Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:

    ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    praesagia a sole,

    Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:

    illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
    9.
    Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:

    tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:

    omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:

    laborem inanem ipsus capit,

    id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:

    ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!

    id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;

    hic potitur gaudia,

    id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

    satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:

    plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 9:

    cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,

    id. ib. prol. 114:

    angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 48:

    quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,

    id. Off. 2, 9, 32:

    laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,

    id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:

    lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,

    id. Sen. 15, 54:

    opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,

    id. Brut. 1, 1:

    itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,

    id. ib. 40, 147:

    ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,

    Liv. 27, 40, 9:

    ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,

    id. 5, 20, 2:

    ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,

    id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):

    laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,

    id. ib. 14, 14, 4:

    ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,

    lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:

    maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:

    et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 33, 27, 10:

    voluptatem animi,

    Cic. Planc. 1, 1:

    malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),

    id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:

    quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
    10.
    Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):

    edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:

    numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:

    nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:

    te cepisse odium regni videbatur,

    id. ib. 2, 36, 91:

    Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,

    Liv. 1, 6, 3:

    cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,

    id. 40, 21, 2:

    etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,

    id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:

    qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?

    Liv. 27, 13, 2:

    oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,

    id. 38, 46, 12:

    tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:

    ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,

    Liv. 27, 8, 6:

    hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,

    id. 44, 12, 1:

    tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,

    Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;

    I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,

    Verg. A. 2, 384:

    infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!

    id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:

    cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,

    id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;

    I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,

    Liv. 1, 57, 10:

    ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,

    id. 25, 22, 1:

    tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,

    id. 23, 20, 7:

    senatum metus cepit,

    id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):

    quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,

    Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
    11.
    Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:

    calamitatem,

    Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:

    detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,

    Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;

    videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:

    Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:

    quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,

    Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
    II.
    To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:

    parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),

    Lucr. 6, 1030:

    jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,

    Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:

    terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,

    id. ib. 1, 75:

    dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,

    id. ib. 8, 558:

    cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,

    id. ib. 5, 324.—
    2.
    Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:

    di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:

    qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;

    volat vapor ater ad auras,

    Verg. A. 7, 466:

    non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:

    non capit se mare,

    Sen. Agam. 487:

    neque enim capiebant funera portae,

    Ov. M. 7, 607:

    officium populi vix capiente domo,

    id. P. 4, 4, 42:

    si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,

    Curt. 7, 8, 12:

    ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,

    Just. 2, 10, 19.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):

    tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
    2. a.
    Affirmatively (rare):

    quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,

    Curt. 9, 3, 7:

    si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,

    Quint. 2, 4, 17:

    dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,

    Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
    b.
    With negatives:

    non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,

    Lucr. 3, 298:

    nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,

    Ov. M. 6, 466:

    vix spes ipse suas animo capit,

    id. ib. 11, 118:

    ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,

    id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:

    sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,

    Curt. 7, 8, 13:

    majora quam capit spirat,

    id. 6, 9, 11:

    ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,

    id. 3, 12, 20:

    infirma aetas majora non capiet,

    Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
    3.
    Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):

    rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,

    Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:

    molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,

    id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:

    res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,

    Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
    4.
    With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):

    nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),

    Prud. Apoth. 154:

    crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,

    Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
    5.
    Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):

    sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 45:

    nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,

    id. 2, 6, 2:

    quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,

    Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

    senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,

    Liv. 9, 17, 14:

    somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,

    id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
    2.
    căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
    I.
    A taking:

    dominii,

    Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
    II.
    = usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Capta

  • 43 cognitio

    cognĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [cognosco].
    I.
    In gen., a becoming acquainted with, learning to know, acquiring knowledge, knowledge as a consequence of perception or of the exercise of our mental powers, knowing, acquaintance, cognition (in good prose; esp. freq. in Cic. and Quint.).
    A.
    Abstr.:

    cognitio contemplatioque naturae,

    Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153:

    rerum occultarum,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 13:

    rerum,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 17:

    animi,

    id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

    deorum,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    urbis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 40:

    in studiis sententiae cognitionisque versabitur,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 158; id. Fin. 5, 12, 34:

    illi, quorum studia vitaque omnis in rerum cognitione versata est,

    id. Off. 1, 44, 155; cf. id. ib. §

    157: quorum ego copiam magnitudinem cognitionis atque artis non contemno,

    culture, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 12, 11, 17 al.:

    omnia, quae cognitione digna sunt,

    Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5:

    cognitione atque hospitio dignus,

    id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Fin. 3, 11, 37; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 90:

    cognitio et aestimatio rerum,

    id. 2, 18, 1; 4, 2, 40.—
    B.
    Concr.
    1.
    ( = notio, katalêpsis.) A conception, notion, idea:

    intellegi necesse est esse deos, quoniam insitas eorum vel potius innatas cognitiones habemus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; 1, 14, 36; id. Fin. 2, 5, 16 Madv.; 3, 5, 17.—
    2.
    Knowledge, a branch of learning (late Lat.):

    studiosus cognitionum omnium princeps,

    Amm. 21, 1, 7: 25, 4, 7.—
    II.
    Specif., a legal t. t., a judicial examination, inquiry, cognizance, trial (very freq.):

    ne quod judicium, neve ipsius cognitio illo absente de existimatione ejus constitueretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 60:

    lex earum rerum consulibus cognitionem dedit,

    id. Att. 16, 16, C, 11; cf. id. ib. §

    12: captorum agrorum,

    id. Agr. 2, 22, 60; so,

    principum et senatūs,

    Quint. 3, 10, 1; 7, 2, 20:

    patrum,

    Tac. A. 1, 75:

    magistratuum,

    Suet. Claud. 12:

    praetoria,

    Quint. 3, 6, 70:

    rerum capitalium,

    Liv. 1, 49, 4:

    falsi testamenti,

    Suet. Claud. 9:

    caedis,

    id. Rhet. 6:

    vacantium militiae munere,

    Liv. 4, 26, 12:

    de Christianis,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 97:

    de famosis libellis,

    Tac. A. 1, 72:

    de ejusmodi criminibus ac reis,

    Suet. Tib. 28:

    de Votieno Montano,

    Tac. A. 4, 42:

    inter patrem et filium,

    Liv. 1, 50, 9:

    dies cognitionis,

    the day of trial, Cic. Brut. 32, 87.—
    III.
    In Terence twice for agnitio, recognition, discovery (cf. cognosco), Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 33; id. Eun. 5, 3, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cognitio

  • 44 committo

    com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.
    A.
    In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.
    (α).
    Inter se:

    res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

    Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

    oras vulneris suturis,

    Cels. 7, 19:

    duo verba,

    Quint. 9, 4, 33:

    easdem litteras,

    id. ib.:

    duo comparativa,

    id. 9, 3, 19.—
    (β).
    With cum:

    costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

    Liv. 39, 2, 10:

    quā naris fronti committitur,

    is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

    quā vir equo commissus erat,

    id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

    of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

    Verg. A. 3, 428:

    commissa dextera dextrae,

    Ov. H. 2, 31:

    medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

    Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc.:

    commissa in unum crura,

    Ov. M. 4, 580:

    committuntur suturae in unguem,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (ε).
    With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

    commissis operibus,

    Liv. 38, 7, 10:

    fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

    Ov. M. 6, 178:

    (terra) maria committeret,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

    noctes duas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

    commissa corpore toto,

    Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

    domus plumbo commissa,

    patched, Juv. 14, 310.—
    B.
    In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

    elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

    id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

    camelorum quadrigas,

    id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

    victores committe,

    Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

    licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

    i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

    eunucho Bromium committere noli,

    id. 6, 378:

    inter se omnes,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    aequales inter se,

    id. Gram. 17.—
    b.
    Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

    committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

    Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—
    2.
    Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.
    a.
    To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    proelii committendi signum dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    cum proelium commissum audissent,

    id. ib. 7, 62:

    commisso ab equitibus proelio,

    id. B. C. 1, 40:

    in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

    Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

    postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

    Sall. C. 60, 2:

    commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

    Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

    id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

    pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

    Suet. Aug. 96:

    avidus committere pugnam,

    Sil. 8, 619:

    pugnas,

    Stat. Th. 6, 143:

    rixae committendae causā,

    Liv. 5, 25, 2:

    cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

    Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

    a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

    nondum commisso spectaculo,

    Liv. 2, 36, 1:

    musicum agona,

    Suet. Ner. 23:

    aciem,

    Flor. 4, 2, 46:

    commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

    Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

    si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

    Flor. 2, 15, 2:

    committere Martem,

    Sil. 13, 155:

    quo die ludi committebantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

    ludos dedicationis,

    Suet. Claud. 21:

    ludos,

    Verg. A. 5, 113.—
    b.
    In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

    illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

    Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

    levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

    Liv. 34, 37, 7:

    commisso modico certamine,

    id. 23, 44, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

    contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

    Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

    priusquam committeretur,

    before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—
    3.
    In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

    tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

    Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

    judicium inter sicarios committitur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

    egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

    Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—
    4.
    In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

    Hor. A. P. 168:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    quantum flagitii,

    id. Brut. 61, 219:

    tantum facinus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

    virilis audaciae facinora,

    Sall. C. 25, 1:

    majus delictum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

    nil nefandum,

    Ov. M. 9, 626:

    nefarias res,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

    scelus,

    id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

    adulterium,

    Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

    incestum cum filio,

    id. 5, 10, 19:

    parricidium,

    id. 7, 2, 2:

    caedem,

    id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

    sacrilegium,

    id. 7, 2, 18:

    fraudem,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

    committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

    in te,

    Verg. A. 1, 231:

    aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

    Liv. 42, 38, 3:

    aliquid erga te,

    Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—
    (β).
    Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

    quasi committeret contra legem,

    Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

    in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

    Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

    adversus testamentum,

    ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

    ne lege censoriā committant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    lege de sicariis,

    Quint. 7, 1, 9. —
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—
    (δ).
    With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

    id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

    non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

    ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

    committere ut accusator nominere,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

    non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,
    (ε).
    With cur or quare:

    Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

    Liv. 5, 46, 6:

    neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—
    (ζ).
    With inf.:

    non committunt scamna facere,

    Col. 2, 4, 3:

    infelix committit saepe repelli,

    Ov. M. 9, 632.—
    b.
    Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

    poenam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

    committere in poenam edicti,

    Dig. 2, 2, 4:

    ut illam multam non commiserit,

    Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—
    (β).
    Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

    hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

    commissae hypothecae,

    id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

    commissa tibi fiducia,

    id. Fl. 21, 51:

    merces,

    Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

    mancipium,

    ib. 39, 14, 6:

    praedia in publicum,

    ib. 3, 5, 12:

    hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

    incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—
    c.
    Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

    in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

    a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

    Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

    si alius committat edictum,

    transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

    commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

    ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

    committetur stipulatio,

    ib. 24, 3, 56.
    II.
    To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

    honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

    nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

    id. Sest. 28, 60:

    qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

    Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

    ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

    ne quid committam tibi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

    his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

    4: tibi rem magnam,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

    quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

    id. Planc. 25, 61:

    summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

    Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

    domino rem omnem,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

    caput tonsori,

    id. A. P. 301:

    ratem pelago,

    id. C. 1, 3, 11:

    sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

    Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

    committere semen sitienti solo,

    Col. 2, 8, 4:

    ulcus frigori,

    Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

    aliquid litteris,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

    verba tabellis,

    Ov. M. 9, 587:

    vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

    committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

    se urbi,

    id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

    se theatro populoque Romano,

    id. Sest. 54, 116:

    se proelio,

    Liv. 4, 59, 2:

    se pugnae,

    id. 5, 32, 4:

    se publico,

    to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

    se neque navigationi, neque viae,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

    se timidius fortunae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

    civilibus fluctibus,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—
    (β).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

    aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

    se in id conclave,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

    se in conspectum populi Romani,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

    se in senatum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

    id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

    rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

    Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

    duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

    id. 40, 21, 6:

    rem in aciem,

    id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

    se in aciem,

    id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

    rempublicam in discrimen,

    id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

    rerum summam in discrimen,

    id. 33, 7, 10. —
    (γ).
    Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

    sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

    in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

    ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

    universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

    id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

    venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

    intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

    instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

    often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

    cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

    iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

    nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

    Liv. 44, 4, 8:

    supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

    id. 44, 6, 14.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

    sacrum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

    ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

    turpe,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

    commissi praemia,

    Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

    post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

    offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

    fateri,

    Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

    improba,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—
    2.
    Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

    in commissum cadere,

    Dig. 39, 4, 16:

    causa commissi,

    ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

    aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

    Quint. Decl. 341.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

    enuntiare commissa,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    commissa celare,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

    commissa tacere,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

    prodere,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

    retinent commissa fideliter aures,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

    commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

    id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > committo

  • 45 commoveo

    com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:

    commōrunt,

    Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;

    commossem,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90;

    commosset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;

    commosse,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:

    neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:

    facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

    columnas,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:

    castra ex eo loco,

    to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.

    aciem,

    to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:

    se ex eo loco,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

    se domo,

    id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    me Thessalonicā,

    id. Att. 3, 13, 1:

    te istinc,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,

    hostem,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:

    cervum,

    Verg. A. 7, 494:

    molem,

    Val. Fl. 2, 33:

    nummum,

    i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:

    ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?

    id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:

    ancilia,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:

    tripodes,

    Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:

    glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,

    would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
    B. 1.
    Of things:

    magni commorunt aequora venti,

    Lucr. 2, 766:

    alas,

    Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:

    penna commota volucris,

    Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
    2.
    Of persons, with se:

    quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?

    can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:

    num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,

    id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:

    Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,

    id. 21, 62, 4.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:

    nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

    si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,

    id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):

    adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

    perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:

    commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,

    frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:

    commota mens,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:

    commotus mente,

    id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
    2. (α).
    With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:

    aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

    aut libidine aliquā aut metu,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):

    ludis,

    id. Mur. 19, 40:

    quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,

    aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

    et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    adfectibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 4:

    doctā voce,

    id. 2, 16, 9:

    cujus atrocitate,

    id. 6, 1, 32:

    vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    commota vehementi metu mens,

    Lucr. 3, 153. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    commorat omnes nos,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:

    cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,

    one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    nihil me clamor iste commovet,

    id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

    si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    in commovendis judiciis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:

    commotus ab oratore judex,

    Quint. 6, 2, 7:

    qui me commorit, flebit,

    provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:

    Neptunus graviter commotus,

    Verg. A. 1, 126:

    domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;

    pol ego istos commovebo,

    awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

    porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,

    stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:

    aes alienum,

    to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    commotā principis domo,

    id. ib. 4, 52 init.:

    si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?

    provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:

    vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:

    in hac virgine commotus sum,

    i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
    (ε).
    With ad and acc.:

    nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    homines ad turpe compendium,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
    (ζ).
    With ut and subj.:

    adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

    tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
    b.
    Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:

    commovere tumultum aut bellum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:

    misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,

    id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:

    commovere miserationem,

    Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:

    magnum et acerbum dolorem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

    invidiam aliquam in me,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:

    summum odium in eum,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:

    bilem,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    multorum scribendi studia,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:

    adfectus,

    Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:

    adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),

    id. 6, 2, 9.—
    C.
    In discourse:

    nova quaedam,

    to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:

    genus (dicendi) in agendo,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:

    Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),

    Sen. Ep. 116, 5:

    animus commotior,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:

    commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,

    Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Drusus animo commotior,

    more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:

    commotus ingenio,

    id. ib. 6, 45; and:

    Agrippina paulo commotior,

    id. ib. 1, 33:

    commoto similis,

    to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > commoveo

  • 46 conmitto

    com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.
    A.
    In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.
    (α).
    Inter se:

    res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

    Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

    oras vulneris suturis,

    Cels. 7, 19:

    duo verba,

    Quint. 9, 4, 33:

    easdem litteras,

    id. ib.:

    duo comparativa,

    id. 9, 3, 19.—
    (β).
    With cum:

    costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

    Liv. 39, 2, 10:

    quā naris fronti committitur,

    is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

    quā vir equo commissus erat,

    id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

    of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

    Verg. A. 3, 428:

    commissa dextera dextrae,

    Ov. H. 2, 31:

    medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

    Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc.:

    commissa in unum crura,

    Ov. M. 4, 580:

    committuntur suturae in unguem,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (ε).
    With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

    commissis operibus,

    Liv. 38, 7, 10:

    fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

    Ov. M. 6, 178:

    (terra) maria committeret,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

    noctes duas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

    commissa corpore toto,

    Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

    domus plumbo commissa,

    patched, Juv. 14, 310.—
    B.
    In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

    elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

    id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

    camelorum quadrigas,

    id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

    victores committe,

    Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

    licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

    i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

    eunucho Bromium committere noli,

    id. 6, 378:

    inter se omnes,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    aequales inter se,

    id. Gram. 17.—
    b.
    Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

    committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

    Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—
    2.
    Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.
    a.
    To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    proelii committendi signum dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    cum proelium commissum audissent,

    id. ib. 7, 62:

    commisso ab equitibus proelio,

    id. B. C. 1, 40:

    in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

    Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

    postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

    Sall. C. 60, 2:

    commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

    Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

    id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

    pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

    Suet. Aug. 96:

    avidus committere pugnam,

    Sil. 8, 619:

    pugnas,

    Stat. Th. 6, 143:

    rixae committendae causā,

    Liv. 5, 25, 2:

    cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

    Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

    a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

    nondum commisso spectaculo,

    Liv. 2, 36, 1:

    musicum agona,

    Suet. Ner. 23:

    aciem,

    Flor. 4, 2, 46:

    commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

    Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

    si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

    Flor. 2, 15, 2:

    committere Martem,

    Sil. 13, 155:

    quo die ludi committebantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

    ludos dedicationis,

    Suet. Claud. 21:

    ludos,

    Verg. A. 5, 113.—
    b.
    In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

    illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

    Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

    levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

    Liv. 34, 37, 7:

    commisso modico certamine,

    id. 23, 44, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

    contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

    Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

    priusquam committeretur,

    before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—
    3.
    In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

    tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

    Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

    judicium inter sicarios committitur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

    egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

    Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—
    4.
    In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

    Hor. A. P. 168:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    quantum flagitii,

    id. Brut. 61, 219:

    tantum facinus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

    virilis audaciae facinora,

    Sall. C. 25, 1:

    majus delictum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

    nil nefandum,

    Ov. M. 9, 626:

    nefarias res,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

    scelus,

    id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

    adulterium,

    Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

    incestum cum filio,

    id. 5, 10, 19:

    parricidium,

    id. 7, 2, 2:

    caedem,

    id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

    sacrilegium,

    id. 7, 2, 18:

    fraudem,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

    committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

    in te,

    Verg. A. 1, 231:

    aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

    Liv. 42, 38, 3:

    aliquid erga te,

    Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—
    (β).
    Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

    quasi committeret contra legem,

    Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

    in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

    Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

    adversus testamentum,

    ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

    ne lege censoriā committant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    lege de sicariis,

    Quint. 7, 1, 9. —
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—
    (δ).
    With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

    id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

    non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

    ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

    committere ut accusator nominere,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

    non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,
    (ε).
    With cur or quare:

    Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

    Liv. 5, 46, 6:

    neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—
    (ζ).
    With inf.:

    non committunt scamna facere,

    Col. 2, 4, 3:

    infelix committit saepe repelli,

    Ov. M. 9, 632.—
    b.
    Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

    poenam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

    committere in poenam edicti,

    Dig. 2, 2, 4:

    ut illam multam non commiserit,

    Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—
    (β).
    Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

    hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

    commissae hypothecae,

    id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

    commissa tibi fiducia,

    id. Fl. 21, 51:

    merces,

    Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

    mancipium,

    ib. 39, 14, 6:

    praedia in publicum,

    ib. 3, 5, 12:

    hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

    incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—
    c.
    Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

    in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

    a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

    Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

    si alius committat edictum,

    transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

    commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

    ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

    committetur stipulatio,

    ib. 24, 3, 56.
    II.
    To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

    honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

    nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

    id. Sest. 28, 60:

    qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

    Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

    ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

    ne quid committam tibi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

    his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

    4: tibi rem magnam,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

    quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

    id. Planc. 25, 61:

    summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

    Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

    domino rem omnem,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

    caput tonsori,

    id. A. P. 301:

    ratem pelago,

    id. C. 1, 3, 11:

    sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

    Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

    committere semen sitienti solo,

    Col. 2, 8, 4:

    ulcus frigori,

    Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

    aliquid litteris,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

    verba tabellis,

    Ov. M. 9, 587:

    vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

    committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

    se urbi,

    id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

    se theatro populoque Romano,

    id. Sest. 54, 116:

    se proelio,

    Liv. 4, 59, 2:

    se pugnae,

    id. 5, 32, 4:

    se publico,

    to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

    se neque navigationi, neque viae,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

    se timidius fortunae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

    civilibus fluctibus,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—
    (β).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

    aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

    se in id conclave,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

    se in conspectum populi Romani,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

    se in senatum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

    id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

    rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

    Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

    duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

    id. 40, 21, 6:

    rem in aciem,

    id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

    se in aciem,

    id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

    rempublicam in discrimen,

    id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

    rerum summam in discrimen,

    id. 33, 7, 10. —
    (γ).
    Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

    sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

    in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

    ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

    universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

    id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

    venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

    intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

    instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

    often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

    cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

    iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

    nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

    Liv. 44, 4, 8:

    supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

    id. 44, 6, 14.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

    sacrum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

    ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

    turpe,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

    commissi praemia,

    Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

    post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

    offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

    fateri,

    Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

    improba,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—
    2.
    Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

    in commissum cadere,

    Dig. 39, 4, 16:

    causa commissi,

    ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

    aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

    Quint. Decl. 341.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

    enuntiare commissa,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    commissa celare,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

    commissa tacere,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

    prodere,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

    retinent commissa fideliter aures,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

    commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

    id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmitto

  • 47 conmoveo

    com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:

    commōrunt,

    Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;

    commossem,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90;

    commosset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;

    commosse,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:

    neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:

    facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

    columnas,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:

    castra ex eo loco,

    to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.

    aciem,

    to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:

    se ex eo loco,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

    se domo,

    id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    me Thessalonicā,

    id. Att. 3, 13, 1:

    te istinc,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,

    hostem,

    Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:

    cervum,

    Verg. A. 7, 494:

    molem,

    Val. Fl. 2, 33:

    nummum,

    i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:

    ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?

    id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:

    ancilia,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:

    tripodes,

    Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:

    glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,

    would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
    B. 1.
    Of things:

    magni commorunt aequora venti,

    Lucr. 2, 766:

    alas,

    Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:

    penna commota volucris,

    Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
    2.
    Of persons, with se:

    quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?

    can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:

    num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,

    id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:

    Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,

    id. 21, 62, 4.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:

    nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

    si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,

    id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):

    adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

    perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:

    commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,

    frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:

    commota mens,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:

    commotus mente,

    id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
    2. (α).
    With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:

    aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

    aut libidine aliquā aut metu,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):

    ludis,

    id. Mur. 19, 40:

    quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,

    aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

    et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    adfectibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 4:

    doctā voce,

    id. 2, 16, 9:

    cujus atrocitate,

    id. 6, 1, 32:

    vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:

    commota vehementi metu mens,

    Lucr. 3, 153. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    commorat omnes nos,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:

    cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,

    one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    nihil me clamor iste commovet,

    id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

    si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    in commovendis judiciis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:

    commotus ab oratore judex,

    Quint. 6, 2, 7:

    qui me commorit, flebit,

    provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:

    Neptunus graviter commotus,

    Verg. A. 1, 126:

    domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;

    pol ego istos commovebo,

    awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:

    porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,

    stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:

    aes alienum,

    to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    commotā principis domo,

    id. ib. 4, 52 init.:

    si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?

    provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:

    vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:

    in hac virgine commotus sum,

    i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
    (ε).
    With ad and acc.:

    nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

    homines ad turpe compendium,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
    (ζ).
    With ut and subj.:

    adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

    tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
    b.
    Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:

    commovere tumultum aut bellum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:

    misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,

    id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:

    commovere miserationem,

    Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:

    magnum et acerbum dolorem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

    invidiam aliquam in me,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:

    summum odium in eum,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:

    bilem,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    multorum scribendi studia,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:

    adfectus,

    Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:

    adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),

    id. 6, 2, 9.—
    C.
    In discourse:

    nova quaedam,

    to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:

    genus (dicendi) in agendo,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:

    Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),

    Sen. Ep. 116, 5:

    animus commotior,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:

    commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,

    Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Drusus animo commotior,

    more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:

    commotus ingenio,

    id. ib. 6, 45; and:

    Agrippina paulo commotior,

    id. ib. 1, 33:

    commoto similis,

    to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmoveo

  • 48 deperditus

    dē-perdo, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v a.
    I.
    To destroy, ruin (so only in the part. perf., and rare):

    sator inopia deperditus,

    i. e. impoverished, Phaedr. 1, 14, 1:

    ut est deperditus Io,

    i. e. desperately in love, Prop. 2, 30, 29 (3, 28, 29 M.); cf.

    amore,

    Suet. Dom. 3:

    deperditum intelligitur, quod in rerum natura esse desiit,

    Gai. Dig. 5, 3, 21.—More freq. and class.,
    II.
    To lose:

    qui non solum bona sed etiam honestatem miseri deperdiderunt,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

    nihil sui,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:

    vitalem sensum,

    Lucr. 3, 526:

    folia (arbores),

    Plin. 16, 22, 34, § 82:

    colorem,

    id. 37, 8, 33, § 112 al.:

    gratiam,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 9:

    tantum ejus opinionis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 54 fin.:

    bonam famam,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 61:

    usum linguae,

    Ov. M. 5, 562 al.:

    ne quid ex his deperdat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 14; cf.:

    paucos ex suis (nostri),

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28 fin.:

    ne quid apud vos de existimatione sua deperderet,

    Cic. Font. 9, 19; so,

    quid de libertate,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

    nihil de jure civitatis,

    id. Caecin. 35, 102:

    paululum admodum de celeritate (stilus),

    Quint. 10, 7, 24:

    ne quid Summa deperdat metuens, aut ampliet ut rem,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 32:

    quod ex naufragio expulsum est... non est in derelicto, sed in deperdito,

    Dig. 41, 2, 21; cf. ib. 5, 3, 21 (for the pass. of deperdo, depereo is used).—Hence, * dēperdĭtus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. II.), corrupt, abandoned, Gell. 5, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > deperditus

  • 49 deperdo

    dē-perdo, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v a.
    I.
    To destroy, ruin (so only in the part. perf., and rare):

    sator inopia deperditus,

    i. e. impoverished, Phaedr. 1, 14, 1:

    ut est deperditus Io,

    i. e. desperately in love, Prop. 2, 30, 29 (3, 28, 29 M.); cf.

    amore,

    Suet. Dom. 3:

    deperditum intelligitur, quod in rerum natura esse desiit,

    Gai. Dig. 5, 3, 21.—More freq. and class.,
    II.
    To lose:

    qui non solum bona sed etiam honestatem miseri deperdiderunt,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

    nihil sui,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 8:

    vitalem sensum,

    Lucr. 3, 526:

    folia (arbores),

    Plin. 16, 22, 34, § 82:

    colorem,

    id. 37, 8, 33, § 112 al.:

    gratiam,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 9:

    tantum ejus opinionis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 54 fin.:

    bonam famam,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 61:

    usum linguae,

    Ov. M. 5, 562 al.:

    ne quid ex his deperdat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 14; cf.:

    paucos ex suis (nostri),

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28 fin.:

    ne quid apud vos de existimatione sua deperderet,

    Cic. Font. 9, 19; so,

    quid de libertate,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

    nihil de jure civitatis,

    id. Caecin. 35, 102:

    paululum admodum de celeritate (stilus),

    Quint. 10, 7, 24:

    ne quid Summa deperdat metuens, aut ampliet ut rem,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 32:

    quod ex naufragio expulsum est... non est in derelicto, sed in deperdito,

    Dig. 41, 2, 21; cf. ib. 5, 3, 21 (for the pass. of deperdo, depereo is used).—Hence, * dēperdĭtus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. II.), corrupt, abandoned, Gell. 5, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > deperdo

  • 50 facilis

    făcĭlis, e, adj. (archaic forms nom. sing. facil, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53; adv. facul, like difficul, simul; v. under adv. 2, and cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87 Müll.), [facio, properly, that may be done or made; hence, pregn.], easy to do, easy, without difficulty.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Prop., constr. absol., with ad (and the gerund), the supine, inf., ut, and the dat.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    nulla est tam facilis res, quin difficilis siet, quam invitus facias,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 1; cf.:

    facilis et plana via (opp. difficilis),

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 20:

    quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.; cf.

    also: mihi in causa facili atque explicata perdifficilis et lubrica defensionis ratio proponitur,

    Cic. Planc. 2, 5:

    justa res et facilis,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 33:

    facilis et prompta defensio,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf.:

    facilis et expedita distinctio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    facilia, proclivia, jucunda,

    id. Part. Or. 27, 95; cf.:

    proclivi cursu et facili delabi,

    id. Rep. 1, 28:

    ascensus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    aditus,

    id. ib. 3, 25 fin.;

    descensus Averno,

    Verg. A. 6, 126; Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.:

    celerem et facilem exitum habere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

    lutum,

    easy to work, Tib. 1, 1, 40:

    fagus,

    Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

    humus,

    easy to cultivate, mellow, Curt. 4, 6, 5:

    arcus,

    Val. Fl. 1, 109:

    jugum,

    easy to climb, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 4:

    somnus,

    easy to obtain, Hor. C. 2, 11, 8; 3, 21, 4:

    irae,

    easily excited, Luc. 1, 173:

    saevitia,

    easily overcome, Hor. C. 2, 12, 26 et saep.:

    aurae,

    gentle, Ov. H. 16, 123:

    jactura,

    easily borne, Verg. A. 2, 646:

    cera,

    easily shaped, Ov. M. 15, 169:

    victus,

    copious, Verg. G. 2, 460.— Comp.:

    iter multo facilius atque expeditius,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

    cui censemus cursum ad deos faciliorem fuisse quam Scipioni?

    Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

    faciliore et commodiore judicio,

    id. Caecin. 3, 8.— Sup.:

    quod est facillimum, facis,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 4; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

    concordia,

    id. ib. 1, 32:

    hujus summae virtutis facillima est via,

    Quint. 8, 3, 71:

    in quibus (ceris) facillima est ratio delendi,

    id. 10, 3, 31 et saep.—
    (β).
    With ad and the gerund:

    nulla materies tam facilis ad exardescendum est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

    ad subigendum,

    id. Rep. 2, 41:

    ad credendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

    palmae ad scandendum,

    Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 29.— Comp.:

    faciliora ad intelligendum,

    Quint. 2, 3, 8.— Sup.:

    haec ad judicandum sunt facillima,

    Cic. Off. 3, 6, 30; id. Fin. 2, 20.—
    (γ).
    With ad and subst.:

    faciles ad receptum angustiae,

    Liv. 32, 12, 3:

    mens ad pejora,

    Quint. 1, 2, 4:

    credulitas feminarum ad gaudia,

    Tac. A. 14, 4.— Comp.:

    mediocritas praeceptoris ad intellectum atque imitationem facilior,

    Quint. 2, 3, 1.—
    (δ).
    With supine:

    facile inventust,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 53:

    res factu facilis,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 26:

    cuivis facile scitu est,

    id. Hec. 3, 1, 15:

    facilis victu gens,

    abounding in resources, Verg. A. 1, 445 Wagn.:

    (Cyclops) nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilis ulli,

    id. ib. 3, 621; cf.:

    sapiens facilis victu fuit,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 11.— Comp.:

    nihil est dictu facilius,

    Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 70.— Sup.:

    factu facillimum,

    Sall. C. 14, 1.—
    (ε).
    With inf.:

    materia facilis est, in te et in tuos dicta dicere,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 17, 42:

    facilis vincere ac vinci vultu eodem,

    Liv. 7, 33, 2:

    facilis corrumpi,

    Tac. H. 4, 39:

    Roma capi facilis,

    Luc. 2, 656.—So esp. freq. in the neuter, facile est, with a subject-clause:

    id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

    quod illis prohibere erat facile,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 2:

    neque erat facile nostris, uno tempore propugnare et munire,

    id. ib. 3, 45, 4; Quint. 6, 4, 20:

    nec origines persequi facile est,

    Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46:

    quīs facile est aedem conducere,

    Juv. 3, 31; 4, 103.— Comp.:

    plerumque facilius est plus facere quam idem,

    Quint. 10, 2, 10; 12, 6, 7.— Sup.:

    stulta reprehendere facillimum est,

    Quint. 6, 3, 71; 11, 1, 81.—
    (ζ).
    With ut:

    facilius est, ut esse aliquis successor tuus possit, quam ut velit,

    Plin. Pan. 44, 3; 87, 5; cf. with quod: facile est quod habeant conservam in villa, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6.—
    (η).
    With dat.:

    terra facilis pecori,

    i.e. suitable, proper, Verg. G. 2, 223; cf.:

    campus operi,

    Liv. 33, 17, 8:

    facilis divisui (Macedonia),

    id. 45, 30, 2:

    neque Thraces commercio faciles erant,

    Liv. 40, 58, 1:

    homines bello faciles,

    Tac. Agr. 21:

    juvenis inanibus,

    easily susceptible, open to, id. A. 2, 27; cf.:

    facilis capessendis inimicitiis,

    id. ib. 5, 11. —
    (θ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    Hispania frugum facilis,

    fertile in, Claud. Laud. Seren. 54.—
    b.
    Adverbially, in facili, ex (e) facili, and rarely, de facili, easily:

    cum exitus haud in facili essent,

    not easy, Liv. 3, 8, 9 Drak.:

    in facili,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 7: Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 274; Dig. 26, 3, 8:

    ita adducendum, ut ex facili subsequatur,

    easily, Cels. 7, 9 med.:

    ex facili tolerantibus,

    Tac. Agr. 15 init.: ex facili, Cel. 6, 1, 1; Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 60;

    for which: e facili,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 356: de facili ab iis superabuntur, Firm. Math. 5, 6.—
    B.
    Transf.
    a.
    Of persons that do any thing with facility, ready, quick. — Constr. with ad, in, and simple abl.:

    facilis et expeditus ad dicendum,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 180:

    sermone Graeco promptus et facilis,

    Suet. Tib. 71; cf.:

    promptus et facillis ad extemporalitatem usque,

    id. Tit. 3:

    faciles in excogitando et ad discendum prompti,

    Quint. 1, 1, 1:

    exiguo faciles,

    content, Sil. 1, 615.—
    b.
    Of things, easily moving:

    oculi,

    Verg. A. 8, 310:

    manus,

    Ov. F. 3, 536:

    cervix,

    Mart. Spect. 23:

    canes, i. e. agiles,

    Nemes. Cyneg. 50.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of character, easy, good-natured, compliant, willing, yielding, courteous, affable:

    facilis benevolusque,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

    comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

    Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

    facilis et liberalis pater,

    id. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    lenis et facilis,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

    facilis et clemens,

    Suet. Aug. 67:

    facilem populum habere,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 4:

    facilem stillare in aurem,

    Juv. 3, 122:

    di,

    id. 10, 8. —With in and abl.:

    facilem se in rebus cognoscendis praebere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32; cf.:

    facilis in causis recipiendis,

    id. Brut. 57, 207:

    faciles in suum cuique tribuendo,

    id. ib. 21, 85:

    faciles ad concedendum,

    id. Div. 2, 52, 107.—With in and acc.:

    sic habeas faciles in tua vota deos,

    Ov. H. 16, 282.—With inf.:

    faciles aurem praebere,

    Prop. 2, 21, 15 (3, 14, 5 M.):

    O faciles dare summa deos,

    Luc. 1, 505.—With gen.:

    facilis impetrandae veniae,

    Liv. 26, 15, 1:

    alloquii facilis (al. alloquiis),

    Val. Fl. 5, 407.— Absol.:

    comi facilique naturā,

    Suet. Gramm. 7:

    facili ac prodigo animo,

    id. Vit. 7.— Comp.:

    facilior aut indulgentior,

    Suet. Vesp. 21; Quint. 7, 1, 27; Flor. 4, 11, 2.— Sup.:

    quid dicam de moribus facillimis,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11.—
    B.
    Of fortune, favorable, prosperous:

    res et fortunae tuae... quotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1; Liv. 23, 11, 2.— Adv. in four forms: facile, facul, faculter, and faciliter.
    1.
    făcĭlĕ (the class. form).
    (α).
    easily, without trouble or difficulty:

    facile cum valemus recta consilia aegrotis damus,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

    quis haec non vel facile vel certe aliquo modo posset ediscere?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 232:

    vitia in contraria convertuntur,

    id. Rep. 1, 45.— Comp.:

    cave putes, aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

    quo facilius otio perfruantur,

    id. ib. 1, 5: id hoc facilius eis persuasit, quod, etc., Caes, B. G. 1, 2, 3.— Sup.:

    ut optimi cujusque animus in morte facillime evolet tamquam e custodia,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

    facillime fingi,

    id. Cael. 9, 22:

    facillime decidit,

    id. Rep. 2, 23:

    mederi inopiae frumentariae,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 24, 6 et saep.—
    (β).
    To add intensity to an expression which already signifies a high degree, certainly, unquestionably, without contradiction, beyond dispute, by far, far (often in Cic.;

    elsewh. rare): virum unum totius Graeciae facile doctissimum,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

    facile deterrimus,

    id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

    genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf.:

    virtute, existimatione, nobilitate facile princeps,

    id. Clu. 5, 11:

    facile princeps,

    id. Div. 2, 42, 87; id. Fam. 6, 10, 2; id. Univ. 1; Flor. 3, 14, 1:

    facile praecipuus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 68:

    facile hic plus mali est, quam illic boni,

    Ter. And. 4, 3, 5: Pe. Sed tu novistin' fidicinam? Fi. Tam facile quam me, as well as I do myself, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 68.—With verbs that denote superiority (vincere, superare, etc.):

    post illum (Herodotum) Thucydides omnes dicendi artificio, mea sententia, facile vicit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56; cf. id. Off. 2, 19, 59; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.

    also: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

    id. ib. 6, 16 fin.; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    Sisenna omnes adhuc nostros scriptores facile superavit,

    id. Leg. 1, 2, 7; cf. id. de Or. 3, 11, 43:

    facile palmam habes!

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 80.— In naming a large amount, quite, fully:

    huic hereditas facile ad HS. tricies venit testamento propinqui sui,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 35.—
    (γ).
    With a negative, non facile or haud facile, to add intensity, not easily, i.e. hardly:

    mira accuratio, ut non facile in ullo diligentiorem majoremque cognoverim,

    Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

    sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

    de iis haud facile compertum narraverim,

    Sall. J. 17, 2:

    animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile libidinibus carebat,

    id. C. 13, 5. —
    b.
    Readily, willingly, without hesitation:

    facile omnes perferre ac pati,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; cf.:

    te de aeternitate dicentem aberrare a proposito facile patiebar,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

    disertus homo et facile laborans,

    id. Off. 2, 19, 66:

    ego unguibus facile illi in oculos involem,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 6.— Comp.:

    locum habeo nullum, ubi facilius esse possim quam Asturae,

    Cic. Att. 13, 26, 2.—
    c.
    (Acc. to facilis, II. B.) Pleasantly, agreeably, well:

    propter eas (nugas) vivo facilius,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 6:

    cum animo cogites, Quam vos facillime agitis, quam estis maxume Potentes, dites, fortunati, nobiles,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 56:

    facillime agitare,

    Suet. Vit. Ter. 1:

    ubi Crassus animadvertit, suas copias propter exiguitatem non facile diduci,

    not safely, Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7.—
    2.
    făcul (anteclass.), easily: nobilitate facul propellere iniquos, Lucil. ap. Non. 111, 19; Pac. ib. 21:

    haud facul, ut ait Pacuvius, femina una invenietur bona,

    Afran. ib. 22:

    advorsam ferre fortunam facul,

    Att. ib. 24.—
    3.
    făculter, acc. to the statement of Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 1 Müll.; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 325. —
    4.
    făcĭlĭter (post-Aug.; predominating in Vitruvius; censured by Quint. 1, 6, 17), easily:

    ferrum percalefactum faciliter fabricatur,

    Vitr. 1, 4, 3 et saep.; Mart. Cap. 3, § 325.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > facilis

  • 51 fraternus

    frāternus, a, um, adj. [frater], brotherly, fraternal.
    I.
    Lit.:

    sese et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi commoveri,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 3:

    tametsi in ipso fraterno parricidio nullum scelus praetermissum videtur, tamen, etc.... ab hereditate fraterna excludi,

    Cic. Clu. 11, 31: acerba fata Romanos agunt, Scelusque fraternae necis, of fratricide (committed by Romulus), Hor. Epod. 7, 18; cf.:

    fraterno primi maduerunt sanguine muri,

    Luc. 1, 95; so,

    sanguis,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 16:

    lyra (because given to Apollo by his brother Mercury),

    id. C. 1, 21, 12:

    mores,

    of Zethus, brother of Amphion, id. Ep. 1, 18, 43: undae, of Neptune (as brother of Jupiter), Ov. M. 7, 367: invidia, against his brother (shortly before:

    fratris invidia),

    Sall. J. 39 fin.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of or belonging to a relalive or kinsman:

    frater erat, fraterna peto,

    the arms of his cousin Achilles, Ov. M. 13, 31:

    pectora,

    Val. Fl. 1, 163:

    fama,

    id. ib. 1, 178.—
    B.
    (Acc. to frater, II. A.) Brotherly, fraternal, i. e. closely allied, friendly:

    propter amorem in nos fraternum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 10:

    pro fraterna illa necessitudine,

    id. Quint. 4, 16:

    animi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 4:

    foedus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 35.—
    C.
    Poet., of animals yoked together:

    it tristis arator Maerentem abjungens fraterna morte juvencum,

    of his companion, Verg. G. 3, 518.—Hence, adv.: frāterne.
    1.
    In a brotherly manner:

    quare facis tu quidem fraterne, quod me hortaris, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 2.—
    2.
    Heartily, affectionately:

    tibi persuadeas, te a me fraterne amari,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fraternus

  • 52 Gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Gratia

  • 53 gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratia

  • 54 imi

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imi

  • 55 imum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imum

  • 56 indigeo

    indĭgĕo, ŭi, ēre, v. n. [indu-egeo], to need, want, to stand in need or want of any thing (class.).
    I.
    Lit., with abl.:

    bona existimatione,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

    pecunia,

    Nep. Ages. 7:

    medicina,

    id. Att. 21:

    iis rebus, quae ad oppugnationem castrorum sunt usui,

    Caes. B. C. 4, 35:

    cibo,

    Suet. Galb. 7:

    constantia inter dubia,

    Tac. H. 3, 73:

    pecunia,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 9.—
    II.
    In gen.
    A. (α).
    With gen. (class.):

    ingenii et virtutis,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 2:

    indigeo tui consilii,

    id. Att. 12, 35, 2:

    alterius,

    id. Lael. 14, 51.—
    (β).
    With abl., Cic. Fam. 12, 11, 2; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 3, 2.— Pass.:

    cum praesidio earum (avium) indigetur,

    Plin. 10, 27, 39, § 75:

    fruges indigebant tecto,

    Col. 12 praef. §

    3: pax et quies bonis artibus indigent,

    Tac. H. 4, 1; 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 29. —
    (γ).
    With acc. (ante-class.):

    nihil,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.—
    (δ).
    With inf.:

    hoc plane indigeo discere,

    Gell. 4, 1, 6.—
    B.
    To long for, desire; with gen. (class.):

    non auri, non argenti, non ceterarum rerum indigere,

    Cic. Sull. 8, 25.—Hence, indĭgens, entis, P. a., in want of, needing any thing
    (α).
    With gen.:

    quid enim? Africanus indigens mei? minime hercle: at ne ego quidem illius,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 30:

    alienarum opum,

    Nep. Reg. 3: praesidii, Auct. B. Hisp. 17.—
    (β).
    With abl. (post-Aug.):

    cotes oleo indigentes,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164:

    disceptatio multā curā indigens,

    Gell. 14, 2, 13.—
    B.
    Subst.: indĭgens, ntis, comm., a needy or indigent person:

    indigentibus benigne facere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52; id. Fin. 2, 35, 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > indigeo

  • 57 inferiores

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferiores

  • 58 inferus

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferus

  • 59 infime

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infime

  • 60 infimum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infimum

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