certainly

certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course

certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.

(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

certum'st hominem eludere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

tibi credere,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

Liv. 2, 45, 13:

certum est igni circumdare muros,

Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

certum est, jam dicam patri,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

certum est, ibo ad medicum,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

so further with istuc,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

certa res hanc est objurgare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—

(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.

With inf.:

certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

certa sequi,

Val. Fl. 5, 47.—

With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

desciscendi,

Tac. H. 4, 14:

relinquendae vitae,

id. A. 4, 34:

necis,

Sil. 6, 27:

fugae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

destinationis,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

sceleris,

id. ib. 12, 66:

consilii,

id. H. 2, 46.—

With an:

nec sat certa an cederet armis,

Sil. 9, 480.—

An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

with praefinitus,

Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).

Object.

Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

Lucr. 6, 783:

fruges, bacae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

concilium in diem certam indicere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

so with dies,

a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

certis diebus,

Verg. G. 2, 329:

quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

certum praefinitumque tempus,

id. Galb. 14; and:

certum statumque vectigal,

id. Calig. 40:

pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

locus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

numerus,

id. ib. 7, 75:

signum,

fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

naves,

fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

pecuniae imperabantur,

id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

conviva,

i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—

But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

habet certos sui studiosos,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

certi homines ad eam rem periti,

id. ib. 18, 41:

res a certis hominibus corrupta,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

in his certos aliquos docebit,

id. 2, 8, 13.—

Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).

Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

auctor (mortis),

Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

per litora certos dimittam,

Verg. A. 1, 576:

certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

id. G. 1, 432.—

Of things:

satis animo certo et confirmato,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

pectora,

Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

promissa,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

parata dicendi copia et certa,

Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

9: jus,

id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

jactus (telorum),

Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

in this sense certa hasta,

Verg. A. 11, 767:

sagitta,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

fides segetis,

id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

spes,

id. C. S. 74:

trames,

id. S. 2, 3, 49:

lar,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

plana et certa,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

certa et clara,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

certa maris,

Tac. H. 4, 81.—

Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

incerta pro certis malebant,

Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

incerta pro certis mutare,

id. J. 83, 1:

postremo certior res,

Liv. 29, 6, 12:

certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

hisce oculis egomet vidi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

id parum certum est,

Liv. 5, 35, 3:

cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

Certum non scimus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

certum habere,

to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

certum respondeo,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

negare,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

polliceri,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

dicere aliquid,

id. Brut. 3, 10:

ponere,

Liv. 23, 6, 8:

scire,

id. 25, 10, 1:

affirmare,

id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

creditur,

Sall. C. 15, 2:

coeperit esse,

Quint. 5, 12, 2:

certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

certo certius,

Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—

Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

certi sumus periisse omnia,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

num quid nunc es certior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

posteritatis,

i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

sententiae,

Quint. 4, 3, 8:

judicii,

Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

certus de suā geniturā,

Suet. Vesp. 25:

damnationis,

id. Tib. 61:

exitii,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

spei,

id. H. 4, 3:

matrimonii,

id. A. 12, 3:

certi sumus, etc.,

Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

me certiorem face,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

ut nos facias certiores,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

factus certior, quae res gererentur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

non consulibus certioribus factis,

Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

fac me certum quid tibi est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.

Object.:

perii certo, haud arbitrario,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—

In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Subject.

In gen. (very rare):

certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—

certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).

Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.

Object.:

certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

certe hercle,

id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

quom is certe Renuntiarit,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

certe captus est!

id. And. 1, 1, 55:

certe ut videamur cernere eum,

Lucr. 4, 760:

si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

id. Planc. 16, 38:

ea certe vera sunt,

id. Mil. 35, 96:

M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

cum se certe decessurum videret,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

Verg. A. 1, 234:

o dea certe,

a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

si reperire vocas amittere certius,

Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—

In an answer of affirmation:

estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—

Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

edepol certo scio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—

In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—

In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —

In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—

Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).

Alone:

si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

res fortasse verae, certe graves,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

id. 22, 34, 11:

quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

ego certe,

Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

certe ego,

Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

mihi certe,

Quint. 10, 3, 23:

ipse certe,

id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—

With other particles.

With tamen:

illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—

With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—

With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —

With quidem:

ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

* * *

* * *

nempe (often nĕmpĕ in Plaut., e. g. Mil. 906, 922; Trin. 328, 427, etc.; cf. Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 77), conj. [nam and enclitic pe; cf.: prope, quippe, quis-p-iam, etc.].

Prop., in strengthening or confirming an assertion, as that which cannot be disputed, indeed, certainly, without doubt, to be sure, assuredly (cf.: nimirum, scilicet).

In laying down a premise or conclusion: non istam dicit voluptatem. Dicat quamlubet: nempe eam dicit, in quā virtutis nulla pars insit, he certainly does speak of that, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 20, 49:

nempe incomposito dixi pede currere versus Lucili,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 1:

nempe enim duo genera materiarum apud rhetores tractantur,

Tac. Dial. 35; Lucr. 1, 385; Cic. Fl. 37, 91; id. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

si... necesse est, nempe sequitur ut, etc.,

Quint. 3, 8, 23.—

(Esp. in colloq. lang.) In summing up or explaining another's meaning, no doubt, certainly, I am sure: nempe illum dicis cum armis aureis, you doubtless mean, etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 16: nempe huic dimidium dicis, dimidium domi? St. Nempe sicut dicis, id. Aul. 2, 4, 14; id. Curc. 1, 1, 41.—

In stating a notorious or obvious fact or truth, certainly, of course, beyond question:

nempe ego mille meo protexi pectore puppes, i. e. as everybody knows,

Ov. M. 13, 93:

nempe tulit fastus (Medea), ausa rogare prior,

Prop. 5, 5, 42; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 22:

pater est mihi nempe biformis,

Ov. M. 2, 663; Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 26.—

Transf.

In questions, to ask a more precise or emphatic statement of something already said (cf. I. 2. supra):

Quid ais? Nempe tu illius servos es?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 73:

nempe hic tuus est?

really? id. Rud. 4, 4, 13: St. Vivunt, valent. Ch. Nempe uterque? do you mean? id. Trin. 4, 3, 67:

nempe negas ad beate vivendum satis posse virtutem?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 12; id. Brut. 3, 14.—

In replies, certainly, obviously, of course, Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 26:

Pompeii tertius consulatus in quibus actis constitit? Nempe in legibus,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

in quā (urbe) tandem hoc disputant? Nempe in eā, etc.,

id. Mil. 3, 7; Quint. 10, 2, 4; 12, 2, 16; Pers. 2, 70.—

Ironically, forsooth, namely, to be sure: respice oh mi lepos! Cl. Nempe ita uti tu mihi es, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 18:

at avus nobilis. Tuditanus nempe ille, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: dat mihi filiam suam;

nempe quam alicui servorum ejus nupturam,

Curt. 4, 11, 20; Tib. 2, 3, 28.

* * *

* * *

scīlĭcet, adv. [contr. from sci- (root of scire) licet; cf. vide-licet, i-licet], or scīre lĭcet, as it is freq. written in Lucr. and in archaic lang. in Liv., and sometimes in Cels.; prop., you may understand or know, = Gr. dêlonoti, and serving to imply that a statement is in itself obviously true, and is not overlooked by the speaker (cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3).

Lit., it is evident, clear, plain, or manifest; of course, naturally, evidently, certainly, undoubtedly, etc. (freq. and class.; cf.: nimirum, nempe).

With obj.-clause on account of scire (ante-class., and several times in Sall.; cf. videlicet): Pa. Neque illa ulli homini nutet, nictet, annuat, etc. Di. Optumumst:

Ita scilicet facturam,

very good; of course she will do so, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 42; id. Curc. 2, 2, 13; id. Rud. 2, 3, 64; id. Ps. 4, 7, 83; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 117; 4, 8, 15; Lucr. 2, 469; Sall. J. 4, 6; 102, 9; 113, 3; id. Fragm. 1, Orat. Phil. § 5.—

As a simple particle: Le. Tam ego homo sum quam tu. Me. Scilicet ita res est, that is clear enough, no one disputes that, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 83: Co. Utrum amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam? Ba. Pol ego amicis scilicet, id. Ps. 3, 2, 89; id. Men. 2, 3, 41:

nunc vivat necne, id Orcum scire oportet scilicet,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 33:

pol me haud paenitet Scilicet boni dimidium mihi dividere cum Jove,

id. Am. 5, 1, 73:

video jam illum virum cui praeficias officio et muneri. Huic scilicet, Africanus (inquit), uni paene: nam in hoc fere uno sunt cetera,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42, 69; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 60: quā mente esset Antonius, demonstravit: pessima scilicet et infidelissima, Nam, etc., Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 1: a te litteras exspectabam: nondum scilicet;

nam has mane rescribebam,

not yet to be sure, Cic. Att. 13, 3, 1:

me in dolore... maxime scilicet consolatur spes, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 2:

quid ad haec Naevius? ridet scilicet nostram amentiam, qui, etc.,

id. Quint. 17, 55:

ego valde suspenso animo exspecto, primum te scilicet, deinde Marionem,

id. Fam. 16, 3, 2; id. Att. 2, 19, 4:

videtis ut senectus sit operosa et semper agens aliquid et moliens: tale scilicet, quale cujusque studium in superiore vita fuit,

such, naturally, id. Sen. 8, 26:

Brutus terram osculo contigit: scilicet, quod ea communis mater omnium mortalium esset,

evidently because, Liv. 1, 56 fin. —Often followed by sed, tamen, etc.:

cognoscat (orator) rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis, sed etiam imperiosorum populorum et regum illustrium,

Cic. Or. 34, 120:

scilicet nimis hic quidem est progressus, sed ex eo ipso est conjectura facilis,

id. de Or. 3, 23, 128; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 2:

maxime scilicet in homine, sed in omni animali,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 55:

me species quaedam commovit, inanis scilicet, sed commovit tamen,

id. ib. 5, 1, 3: nihil scilicet novi, ea tamen quae te ipsum probaturum esse confidam, id. ib. 1, 8, 28:

tuli scilicet moleste, ut debui, sed tamen constitui ad te venire,

id. Fam. 9, 23: tu interea Romae scilicet amicis praesto fuisti;

sed tamen illud cogita, etc.,

id. Mur. 20, 42; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

Meneclides quidam, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet,

Nep. Epam. 5, 2: nota scilicet illa res, cum Decimus quidam Verginius, etc., that event is surely well known, etc., id. Rep. 2, 37, 63.—In an assertion put in the form of a question: Ch. Huc cum advenio, nulla erat. Pa. Comites secuti scilicet sunt virginem? followed her of course, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 54.—

Elliptically (only ante-class.):

manifesta palam res indicat, inquis, in auras Aëris e terrā res omnes crescere alique, etc.... Scilicet: et nisi nos, etc.,

to be sure, by all means, quite right, certainly, Lucr. 1, 809. —Esp. as an answer: Le. Abi ad meam sororem. St. Ibitur. Le. Et gratulator meae sorori. St. Scilicet, of course, certainly, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 178; id. Ps. 4, 7, 82; id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 4, 3, 12; Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11; 5, 8, 10; id. Ad. 4, 7, 11; 4, 7, 33; id. Hec. 3, 5, 17; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 9. —

In partic., of course, to be sure, doubtless, certainly, forsooth, when an assertion that is obviously false is ironically made or accepted (class.): Si. Meum gnatum rumor est amare. Da. Id populus curat scilicet! of course people trouble themselves a great deal about that! Ter. And. 1, 2, 14 (also cited Cic. Att. 13, 34); cf.:

scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos Sollicitat,

Verg. A. 4, 379; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

et ego id scilicet nesciebam!

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

et tu scilicet mavis numine deorum id factum quam casu arbitrari?

id. Div. 2, 21, 47; id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

scilicet tibi graviorem dolorem patrui tui mors attulit quam C. Graccho fratris, et tibi acerbior ejus patrui mors est, quem numquam vidisti quam illi ejus fratris, quicum concordissime vixerat, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 14:

scilicet is sum, qui existimem, Cn. Pisonem et Catilinam nihil scelerate ipsos per sese sine P. Sullā facere potuisse,

id. Sull. 24, 67; id. Pis. 9, 19; Quint. 8, prooem. § 25; cf.:

unde illa scilicet egregia laudatio: Tanto melior, ne ego quidem intellexi,

id. 8, 2, 18:

scilicet medio triennio defuerat tempus, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 23; 1, 8 fin.; 3, 59; 11, 24; id. Agr. 2 al.—

Transf., in the postAug. per. sometimes, like dêlonoti in later Greek, merely as an expletory or explanatory particle, namely, to wit, that is to say:

quaedam etiam opera sub nomine alieno, nepotum scilicet et uxoris sororisque, fecit,

Suet. Aug. 29; id. Tib. 14:

manente villā, qualis fuerit olim, ne quid scilicet oculorum consuetudini deperiret,

id. Vesp. 2; so,

ne scilicet,

id. Gram. 4; Vulg. Gen. 2, 25 et saep.

scīlĭcet, adv. [contr. from sci- (root of scire) licet; cf. vide-licet, i-licet], or scīre lĭcet, as it is freq. written in Lucr. and in archaic lang. in Liv., and sometimes in Cels.; prop., you may understand or know, = Gr. dêlonoti, and serving to imply that a statement is in itself obviously true, and is not overlooked by the speaker (cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 3).

Lit., it is evident, clear, plain, or manifest; of course, naturally, evidently, certainly, undoubtedly, etc. (freq. and class.; cf.: nimirum, nempe).

With obj.-clause on account of scire (ante-class., and several times in Sall.; cf. videlicet): Pa. Neque illa ulli homini nutet, nictet, annuat, etc. Di. Optumumst:

Ita scilicet facturam,

very good; of course she will do so, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 42; id. Curc. 2, 2, 13; id. Rud. 2, 3, 64; id. Ps. 4, 7, 83; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 117; 4, 8, 15; Lucr. 2, 469; Sall. J. 4, 6; 102, 9; 113, 3; id. Fragm. 1, Orat. Phil. § 5.—

As a simple particle: Le. Tam ego homo sum quam tu. Me. Scilicet ita res est, that is clear enough, no one disputes that, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 83: Co. Utrum amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam? Ba. Pol ego amicis scilicet, id. Ps. 3, 2, 89; id. Men. 2, 3, 41:

nunc vivat necne, id Orcum scire oportet scilicet,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 33:

pol me haud paenitet Scilicet boni dimidium mihi dividere cum Jove,

id. Am. 5, 1, 73:

video jam illum virum cui praeficias officio et muneri. Huic scilicet, Africanus (inquit), uni paene: nam in hoc fere uno sunt cetera,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42, 69; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 60: quā mente esset Antonius, demonstravit: pessima scilicet et infidelissima, Nam, etc., Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 1: a te litteras exspectabam: nondum scilicet;

nam has mane rescribebam,

not yet to be sure, Cic. Att. 13, 3, 1:

me in dolore... maxime scilicet consolatur spes, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 2:

quid ad haec Naevius? ridet scilicet nostram amentiam, qui, etc.,

id. Quint. 17, 55:

ego valde suspenso animo exspecto, primum te scilicet, deinde Marionem,

id. Fam. 16, 3, 2; id. Att. 2, 19, 4:

videtis ut senectus sit operosa et semper agens aliquid et moliens: tale scilicet, quale cujusque studium in superiore vita fuit,

such, naturally, id. Sen. 8, 26:

Brutus terram osculo contigit: scilicet, quod ea communis mater omnium mortalium esset,

evidently because, Liv. 1, 56 fin. —Often followed by sed, tamen, etc.:

cognoscat (orator) rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis, sed etiam imperiosorum populorum et regum illustrium,

Cic. Or. 34, 120:

scilicet nimis hic quidem est progressus, sed ex eo ipso est conjectura facilis,

id. de Or. 3, 23, 128; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 2:

maxime scilicet in homine, sed in omni animali,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 55:

me species quaedam commovit, inanis scilicet, sed commovit tamen,

id. ib. 5, 1, 3: nihil scilicet novi, ea tamen quae te ipsum probaturum esse confidam, id. ib. 1, 8, 28:

tuli scilicet moleste, ut debui, sed tamen constitui ad te venire,

id. Fam. 9, 23: tu interea Romae scilicet amicis praesto fuisti;

sed tamen illud cogita, etc.,

id. Mur. 20, 42; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

Meneclides quidam, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet,

Nep. Epam. 5, 2: nota scilicet illa res, cum Decimus quidam Verginius, etc., that event is surely well known, etc., id. Rep. 2, 37, 63.—In an assertion put in the form of a question: Ch. Huc cum advenio, nulla erat. Pa. Comites secuti scilicet sunt virginem? followed her of course, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 54.—

Elliptically (only ante-class.):

manifesta palam res indicat, inquis, in auras Aëris e terrā res omnes crescere alique, etc.... Scilicet: et nisi nos, etc.,

to be sure, by all means, quite right, certainly, Lucr. 1, 809. —Esp. as an answer: Le. Abi ad meam sororem. St. Ibitur. Le. Et gratulator meae sorori. St. Scilicet, of course, certainly, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 178; id. Ps. 4, 7, 82; id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 4, 3, 12; Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11; 5, 8, 10; id. Ad. 4, 7, 11; 4, 7, 33; id. Hec. 3, 5, 17; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 9. —

In partic., of course, to be sure, doubtless, certainly, forsooth, when an assertion that is obviously false is ironically made or accepted (class.): Si. Meum gnatum rumor est amare. Da. Id populus curat scilicet! of course people trouble themselves a great deal about that! Ter. And. 1, 2, 14 (also cited Cic. Att. 13, 34); cf.:

scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos Sollicitat,

Verg. A. 4, 379; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

et ego id scilicet nesciebam!

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

et tu scilicet mavis numine deorum id factum quam casu arbitrari?

id. Div. 2, 21, 47; id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142:

scilicet tibi graviorem dolorem patrui tui mors attulit quam C. Graccho fratris, et tibi acerbior ejus patrui mors est, quem numquam vidisti quam illi ejus fratris, quicum concordissime vixerat, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 14:

scilicet is sum, qui existimem, Cn. Pisonem et Catilinam nihil scelerate ipsos per sese sine P. Sullā facere potuisse,

id. Sull. 24, 67; id. Pis. 9, 19; Quint. 8, prooem. § 25; cf.:

unde illa scilicet egregia laudatio: Tanto melior, ne ego quidem intellexi,

id. 8, 2, 18:

scilicet medio triennio defuerat tempus, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 23; 1, 8 fin.; 3, 59; 11, 24; id. Agr. 2 al.—

Transf., in the postAug. per. sometimes, like dêlonoti in later Greek, merely as an expletory or explanatory particle, namely, to wit, that is to say:

quaedam etiam opera sub nomine alieno, nepotum scilicet et uxoris sororisque, fecit,

Suet. Aug. 29; id. Tib. 14:

manente villā, qualis fuerit olim, ne quid scilicet oculorum consuetudini deperiret,

id. Vesp. 2; so,

ne scilicet,

id. Gram. 4; Vulg. Gen. 2, 25 et saep.

* * *

* * *

at-qui (in MSS. sometimes adqui, e. g. Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8 Mai, and often confounded with atque), conj. (the form atquin is incorrect and post-class.; for Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 55, should be read at quin separately, Fleck.; cf. Caper Orth. p. 2441) [qui, abl. of indef. quis, used adverbially; so pr. but anyhow; cf.: alioqui, ceteroqui].

In gen., serving to connect-an adversative clause or assertion, but anyhow, but any way or wise, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, but now, but nevertheless, and yet, alla dê, alla dêpou, alla mên (a purely adversative particle, a more emphatic at, while atque is regularly copulative; v. atque; syn.: at, sed, verum, autem; comparatively rare in all periods, it being scarcely more than an emphasized form of at): Th. Quid aïs, venefica? Py. Atqui certo comperi, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9: Sy. Gratiam habeo. De. Atqui, Syre, Hoc verumst et re ipsā experiere propediem, id. Ad. 5, 5, 7: Cl. Satis scite promittit tibi. Sy. Atqui tu hanc jocari credis? but yet do you believe that she is jesting? id. Heaut. 4, 4, 7:

cum omnia vi et armis egeris, accuses eum, qui se praesidio munierit, non ut te oppugnaret, sed ut vitam suam posset defendere? Atqui ne ex eo quidem tempore id egit Sestius, ut, etc.,

and yet, Cic. Sest. 37, 79: tum, ut me Cotta vidit, peropportune, inquit, venis... atqui mihi quoque videor, inquam, venisse, ut dicis, opportune, rather I seem to myself, etc., alla mên kai emoi dokô, id. N. D. 1, 7, 16: vitas hinnuleo me similis Chloe... atqui non ego te tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor, but yet, alla toi, Hor. C. 1, 23, 1-10: Jam vero videtis nihil esse tam morti simile quam somnum;

atqui dormientium animi maxime declarant divinitatem suam,

but yet, Cic. Sen. 22, 81:

tum dixisse (Lysandrum), mirari se non modo diligentiam, sed etiam sollertiam ejus, a quo essent illa dimensa atque descripta: et ei Cyrum respondisse: Atqui (sc. ne putes alium id fecisse) ego omnia ista sum dimensus,

id. ib. 17, 59.—

Esp.

In adding a thought confirmatory of a preceding one, but not antithetical (v. at init.), but indeed, but certainly, by all means: Do. Salvos sis, adulescens Sa. Siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo. To. Atqui aut hoc emptore vendes pulcre aut alio non potest, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 31: Et Philus: praeclaram vero causam ad me defertis, cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis. Atqui id tibi, inquit Laelius, verendum est, but certainly (ironically), Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8; id. Leg. 1, 1, 4.—Sometimes with pol or sic:

atqui pol hodie non feres, ni genua confricantur,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 80: Py. Scis eam civem hinc esse? Pa. Nescio. Py. Atqui sic inventast, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 30: hunc ego non diligam? non admirer? non omni ratione defendendum putem? Atqui sic a summis hominibus eruditissimis accepimus, etc., yet so we have certainly heard, etc., Cic. Arch. 8, 18.—

So also atqui si, adversative, but if, or continuative, if now, if indeed (cf.:

quod si): sine veniat. Atqui si illam digito attigerit, oculi illi ilico ecfodientur,

if, however, he do but touch her, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 1 (Fleck., Qui): quae et conscripta a multis sunt diligenter et sunt humiliora quam illa, quae a nobis exspectari puto. Att. Atqui si quaeris ego quid exspectem, etc., Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62:

atqui, si ita placet, inquit Antonius, trademus etiam,

well now, if, id. de Or. 2, 50, 204: atqui Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus, but now if you are unwilling, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 33:

atqui si tempus est ullum jure hominis necandi, quae multa sunt, certe illud est,

but if now there is any time, Cic. Mil. 4 init. —

To modify a preceding negation or negative interrogation, yet, still, instead of that, rather: Ni. Numquam auferes hinc aurum. Ch. Atqui jam dabis, but, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 26: Non sum apud me. Se. Atqui opus est nunc quom maxime ut sis, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 27:

O rem, inquis, difficilem et inexplicabilem. Atqui explicanda est,

nevertheless, Cic. Att. 8, 3; id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:

magnum narras, vix credibile. Atqui Sic habet,

but in fact, so it is, Hor. S. 1, 9, 52; Curt. 6, 10, 5:

modum statuarum haberi nullum placet? Atqui habeatur necesse est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 3, 86; id. Parad. 1, 1, 7; Flor. 4, 2, 53; Curt. 6, 10, 10.—

To connect a minor proposition in a syllogism (both an affirmative and a negative, while atque only connects an affirm. proposition), but, but now, now:

Ergo cum sol igneus sit, quia nullus ignis sine pastu aliquo possit permanere, necesse est aut ei similis sit igni, quem... aut ei, qui... atqui hic noster ignis etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40 and 41:

qui fortis est, idem est fidens... Qui autem est fidens, is profecto non extimescit... Atqui in quem cadit aegritudo, in eundem timor... Ita fit, ut fortitudini aegritudo repugnet,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14:

(mors) aut plane neglegenda est... aut etiam optanda, si, etc. Atqui tertium certe nihil inveniri potest. Quid igitur timeam si, etc.,

id. Sen. 19, 66; id. Tusc. 5, 14, 40. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 513-524.)

at-qui (in MSS. sometimes adqui, e. g. Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8 Mai, and often confounded with atque), conj. (the form atquin is incorrect and post-class.; for Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 55, should be read at quin separately, Fleck.; cf. Caper Orth. p. 2441) [qui, abl. of indef. quis, used adverbially; so pr. but anyhow; cf.: alioqui, ceteroqui].

In gen., serving to connect-an adversative clause or assertion, but anyhow, but any way or wise, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, but now, but nevertheless, and yet, alla dê, alla dêpou, alla mên (a purely adversative particle, a more emphatic at, while atque is regularly copulative; v. atque; syn.: at, sed, verum, autem; comparatively rare in all periods, it being scarcely more than an emphasized form of at): Th. Quid aïs, venefica? Py. Atqui certo comperi, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9: Sy. Gratiam habeo. De. Atqui, Syre, Hoc verumst et re ipsā experiere propediem, id. Ad. 5, 5, 7: Cl. Satis scite promittit tibi. Sy. Atqui tu hanc jocari credis? but yet do you believe that she is jesting? id. Heaut. 4, 4, 7:

cum omnia vi et armis egeris, accuses eum, qui se praesidio munierit, non ut te oppugnaret, sed ut vitam suam posset defendere? Atqui ne ex eo quidem tempore id egit Sestius, ut, etc.,

and yet, Cic. Sest. 37, 79: tum, ut me Cotta vidit, peropportune, inquit, venis... atqui mihi quoque videor, inquam, venisse, ut dicis, opportune, rather I seem to myself, etc., alla mên kai emoi dokô, id. N. D. 1, 7, 16: vitas hinnuleo me similis Chloe... atqui non ego te tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor, but yet, alla toi, Hor. C. 1, 23, 1-10: Jam vero videtis nihil esse tam morti simile quam somnum;

atqui dormientium animi maxime declarant divinitatem suam,

but yet, Cic. Sen. 22, 81:

tum dixisse (Lysandrum), mirari se non modo diligentiam, sed etiam sollertiam ejus, a quo essent illa dimensa atque descripta: et ei Cyrum respondisse: Atqui (sc. ne putes alium id fecisse) ego omnia ista sum dimensus,

id. ib. 17, 59.—

Esp.

In adding a thought confirmatory of a preceding one, but not antithetical (v. at init.), but indeed, but certainly, by all means: Do. Salvos sis, adulescens Sa. Siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo. To. Atqui aut hoc emptore vendes pulcre aut alio non potest, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 31: Et Philus: praeclaram vero causam ad me defertis, cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis. Atqui id tibi, inquit Laelius, verendum est, but certainly (ironically), Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8; id. Leg. 1, 1, 4.—Sometimes with pol or sic:

atqui pol hodie non feres, ni genua confricantur,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 80: Py. Scis eam civem hinc esse? Pa. Nescio. Py. Atqui sic inventast, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 30: hunc ego non diligam? non admirer? non omni ratione defendendum putem? Atqui sic a summis hominibus eruditissimis accepimus, etc., yet so we have certainly heard, etc., Cic. Arch. 8, 18.—

So also atqui si, adversative, but if, or continuative, if now, if indeed (cf.:

quod si): sine veniat. Atqui si illam digito attigerit, oculi illi ilico ecfodientur,

if, however, he do but touch her, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 1 (Fleck., Qui): quae et conscripta a multis sunt diligenter et sunt humiliora quam illa, quae a nobis exspectari puto. Att. Atqui si quaeris ego quid exspectem, etc., Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62:

atqui, si ita placet, inquit Antonius, trademus etiam,

well now, if, id. de Or. 2, 50, 204: atqui Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus, but now if you are unwilling, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 33:

atqui si tempus est ullum jure hominis necandi, quae multa sunt, certe illud est,

but if now there is any time, Cic. Mil. 4 init. —

To modify a preceding negation or negative interrogation, yet, still, instead of that, rather: Ni. Numquam auferes hinc aurum. Ch. Atqui jam dabis, but, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 26: Non sum apud me. Se. Atqui opus est nunc quom maxime ut sis, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 27:

O rem, inquis, difficilem et inexplicabilem. Atqui explicanda est,

nevertheless, Cic. Att. 8, 3; id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:

magnum narras, vix credibile. Atqui Sic habet,

but in fact, so it is, Hor. S. 1, 9, 52; Curt. 6, 10, 5:

modum statuarum haberi nullum placet? Atqui habeatur necesse est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 3, 86; id. Parad. 1, 1, 7; Flor. 4, 2, 53; Curt. 6, 10, 10.—

To connect a minor proposition in a syllogism (both an affirmative and a negative, while atque only connects an affirm. proposition), but, but now, now:

Ergo cum sol igneus sit, quia nullus ignis sine pastu aliquo possit permanere, necesse est aut ei similis sit igni, quem... aut ei, qui... atqui hic noster ignis etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40 and 41:

qui fortis est, idem est fidens... Qui autem est fidens, is profecto non extimescit... Atqui in quem cadit aegritudo, in eundem timor... Ita fit, ut fortitudini aegritudo repugnet,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14:

(mors) aut plane neglegenda est... aut etiam optanda, si, etc. Atqui tertium certe nihil inveniri potest. Quid igitur timeam si, etc.,

id. Sen. 19, 66; id. Tusc. 5, 14, 40. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 513-524.)

ĕnim, conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. stem i, and nam], a demonstrative corroborative particle. (Its position is regularly after the first word, or the first two or more closely connected words in the sentence;

only in the comic writers sometimes at the beginning. Put after est in the fourth place: in eo est enim illud,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67:

ab omnibus est enim, etc.,

id. Deiot. 13, 37;

al., see below. Put after quoque: id quoque enim traditur,

Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; but not in Cicero, v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an apparent compound:

quotus enim quisque,

Tac. Or. 26 fin.)

To corroborate a preceding assertion, like equidem, certe, vero; hence freq. connected with these particles, esp. with vero (v. under B.), truly, certainly, to be sure, indeed, in fact: Ch. Te uxor aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego enim vocari jussi, certainly, I did order you to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2:

ornanda est enim dignitas domo,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

in his est enim aliqua obscuritas,

in fact, indeed, id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

ille (Dumnorix) enim revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit,

in fact, indeed, Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8:

tum M. Metilius, id enim ferendum esse negat,

it was really not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25:

enim istaec captio est,

this is clearly a trick, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36:

enim me nominat,

positively he mentions my name, id. Trin. 5, 2, 10:

enim non ibis nunc vicissim, nisi scio,

you shall positively not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid tute tecum? Tr. Nihil enim, nothing truly, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so,

nihil enim,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

enim nihil,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne nosmet perdiderimus uspiam, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19:

tua pol refert enim,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 36:

certe enim hic nescio quis loquitur,

id. Am. 1, 1, 175:

certe enim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So too in ironical or indignant discourse:

tu enim repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio!

you indeed! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36:

ex his duo sibi putant concedi: neque enim quisquam repugnat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.:

non assequimur. Isti enim videlicet Attici nostri quod volunt, assequuntur,

Cic. Brut. 84, 288;

so (with videlicet),

id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo haut tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe enim tu, credo, me imprudentem obrepseris, yes, indeed, I believe you are trying to take me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—

Strengthened by vero, and combined with it into one word, ĕnimvēro (unlike enim, usually beginning the sentence), yes indeed, yes truly, of a truth, to be sure, certainly, indeed:

enimvero Chremes nimis graviter cruciat adulescentulum,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1:

enimvero, inquit Crassus, mirari satis non queo, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.:

postridie mane ab eo postulo, ut, etc.: ille enimvero negat,

and of a truth, he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so,

ille enimvero,

id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.:

hic enimvero,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60:

enimvero iste,

id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. certe, I. A. 2.): Me. Ain vero? So. Aio enimvero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, quaeso, an tu is es? Ch. Is enim vero sum, id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse hodie hinc negas? Am. Nego enimvero, id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode hercle. Ch. Immo enimvero infeliciter, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in ironical or indignant discourse: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene sane:

id enimvero hic nunc abest,

that, to be sure, is wanting here as yet, Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1:

enimvero ferendum hoc quidem non est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.

Transf.

To prove or show the grounds of a preceding assertion, for: haec sunt non nugae;

non enim mortualia,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum: numquam enim sunt illi occupati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9:

quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent animo, videre enim se hominum vestigia,

id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences:

quocirca (dicendum est enim saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere oportet,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22:

rumpor et invideo (quid enim non omnia narrem?), etc.,

Ov. H. 16, 221:

di maris et caeli (quid enim nisi vota supersunt?), etc.,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—

Sometimes the assertion, the reason for which is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui istuc potis est fieri, quaeso, ut dicis, jam dudum, modo? Al. Quid enim censes? te ut deludam contra? etc., what then do you think? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the expression: quid enim dicam? commonly ellipt.: quid enim? qs. for what can be objected to the assertion just made? quid enim de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12:

quid enim? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum?

Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—

To explain a preceding assertion, for instance, namely: Sy. Si futurum est, do tibi operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut enim, ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu corium sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo maxime. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos nosmet perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia enim obsorbui, why because, id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14:

quod enim,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non igitur videtur nec frumentarius ille Rhodios nec hic aedium venditor celare emptores debuisse. Neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;

sed cum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.:

antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam sequor. Duo sunt enim divinandi genera, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409.

sānus, a, um (sanun', for sanusne, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 37; id. Men. 5, 2, 66; id. Mere. 2, 2, 21; 2, 4, 21; id. Rud. 3, 2, 19; id. Truc. 2, 4, 13; cf.

sanan',

id. Am. 3, 2, 48; id. Cure. 5, 2, 54; id. Cist. 4, 1, 14; id. Ep. 5, 1, 42; id. Men. 2, 3, 43;

and sanin',

id. Ps. 4, 7, 83), adj. [kindr. with SA, sôs], sound, whole, healthy, physically or mentally (cf.: integer, incolumis, sospes, salvus).

Lit., sound in body, whole, healthy, well:

pars corporis,

Cic. Sest. 65, 135:

sensus si sani sunt et valentes,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

sanis modo et integris sensibus,

id. ib. 2, 25, 90:

corpora sana,

Quint. 8, prooem. §

19: ut alimenta sanis corporibus agri cultura, sic sanitatem aegris medicina promittit, Cels. praef. 1: homo,

id. ib. 1, 1:

sanum recteque valentem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 21:

domi meae eccam salvam et sanam,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 36:

sana et salva amica,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 48 (cf. infra, B. and II. A.):

sanus ac robustus,

Quint. 2, 10, 6:

si noles sanus, curres hydropicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 34:

sanus utrisque Auribus atque oculis,

id. S. 2, 3, 284:

ulcera sana facere,

Cato, R. R. 157, 3; cf.:

aliquem sanum facere... sanus fieri,

id. ib. 157, 8:

si eo medicamento sanus factus sit,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92.— Poet.:

volnera ad sanum nunc coiere mea (for ad sanitatem),

are healed, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 18.— Comp.:

aegrotare malim quam esse tuā salute sanior,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 5.— Sup.:

interim licet negotia agere, ambulare, etc.... perinde atque sanissimo,

Cels. 7, 4, 4.—

Transf., sound, safe, whole, etc. (very rare): Ac. Salvast, navis, ne time. Ch. Quid alia armamenta? Ac. Salva et sana sunt, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 62:

sana et salva res publica,

Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

civitas,

Liv. 3, 17:

nare sagaci Aëra non sanum sentire,

i. e. tainted, Luc. 7, 830.—

Trop.

Sound in mind, in one's right mind, rational, sane, sober, discreet, etc.:

eos sanos intellegi necesse est, quorum mens motu quasi morbi perturbata nullo sit: qui contra affecti sunt, hos insanos appellari necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 3,5,11: Am. Delirat uxor. Al. Equidem ecastor sana et salva sum, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 98: Am. Haec sola sanam mentem gestat meorum familiarium. Br. Immo omnes sani sunt profecto. Am. At me uxor insanum facit Suis foedis factis, id. ib. 5, 1, 31 sqq.; cf. Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95:

quam ego postquam inspexi non ita amo, ut sani solent Homines, sed eodem pacto ut insani solent,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 38:

sanus non est ex amore illius (shortly after: insanior ex amore),

id. ib. 2, 3, 106:

si sis sanus aut sapias satis... nisi sis stultior stultissimo,

id. Am. 3, 2, 23; cf.

(opp. insipiens),

id. Bacch. 4, 3, 14:

hic homo sanus non est,

is out of his senses, is insane, id. Am. 1, 1, 246; id. Merc. 5, 2, 110; id. Men. 1, 3, 15; 2, 2, 39 et saep.; cf.: En. Sanun' es? Ch. Pol sanus si sim, non te medicum mihi expetam, id. Merc. 2, 4, 21; so, sanun' es? sanan' es? sanin' estis? v. the passages cited init.:

satin' sanus es?

are you in your senses? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 29 (opp. sobrius); 5, 2, 33; id. And. 4, 4, 10; id. Ad. 5, 8, 14; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 19.—With gen.: satin' tu sanus mentis aut animi tui, Qui conditionem hanc repudies? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:

vix sanae mentis estis,

Liv. 32, 21:

mentis bene sanae,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 44:

mentis sanae vix compos,

Ov. M. 8, 35; so, sanae mentis, Tib. ap. Suet. Tib. 67:

ego illum male sanum semper putavi,

a man of not very sound mind, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana (Dido),

i. e. raving, Verg. A. 4, 8:

male sani poëtae,

i. e. inspired, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4; cf. Ov. M. 3, 474:

excludit sanos Helicone poëtas,

calculating, sober, Hor. A. P. 296:

bene sanus Ac non incautus,

very prudent, discreet, id. S. 1, 3, 61:

praecipue sanus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 108:

rem publicam capessere hominem bene sanum non oportere,

Cic. Sest. 10, 23:

sani ut cretā an carbone notati?

id. ib. 2, 3, 246:

pro sano loqueris, cum me appellas nomine,

like a rational being, rationally, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24; so,

pro sano,

id. ib. 5, 5, 42; cf.: nihil hunc se absente pro sano facturum arbitratus, qui, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 7:

adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

Liv. 39, 49: quem in locum nemo sanus hostis subiturus esset, Auct. B. Alex. 74 fin.:

solve senescentem sanus equum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8 et saep.:

tumultu etiam sanos consternante animos,

discreet, well-disposed, Liv. 8, 27:

sensus,

Verg. E. 8, 66:

mores,

Dig. 27, 10, 1.—With ab: ego sanus ab illis (vitiis), sound as respects them, i. e. free from, unaffected by them, etc., Hor. S. 1, 4, 129.— Comp.:

qui sanior, ac si, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 241; 2, 3, 275.— Sup.:

quisquam sanissimus tam certa putat, quae videt, quam? etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 init.:

confluentibus ad eum (Sullam) optimo quoque et sanissimo,

Vell. 2, 25, 2.—

Of style, sound, correct, sensible, sober, chaste:

qui rectum dicendi genus sequi volunt, alii pressa demum et tenuia et quae minimum ab usu cottidiano recedant, sana et vere Attica putant, etc.,

Quint. 10, 1, 44:

nihil erat in ejus oratione, nisi sincerum, nihil nisi siccum atque sanum,

Cic. Brut. 55, 202; cf.:

Attici oratores sani et sicci,

id. Opt. Gen. 3, 8; and:

Rhodii (oratores) saniores et Atticorum similiores,

id. Brut. 13, 51:

orator rectus et sanus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 1; Vulg. 2 Tim. 4, 3; id. Tit. 2, 8; cf.:

sana ratio,

Val. Max. 9, 13, 3; Aug. Civ. Dei, 1, 22, 2.—Hence, advv., in two forms, saniter (ante-class.) and sane (class.).

sānĭter, rationally, Afran. ap. Non. 515, 22.—

sānē.

(Acc. to I.) Soundly, healthily, well: sane sarteque, Porphyrio ap. Charis. p. 195 fin.; 196 init. P.—

(Acc. to II.) Soberly, sensibly, reasonably, discreetly (very rare;

not in Cic.): bonum est, pauxillum amare sane, insane non bonum est,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 20:

sane sapio et sentio,

I am in full possession of my reason and senses, id. Am. 1, 1, 292:

non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis (with furere),

Hor. C. 2, 7, 26:

dixit sanius,

Sen. Contr. 5, 34 fin. —

In gen., like valde (i. e. valide), an intensive particle, well, indeed, doubtless, by all means, truly, certainly, of course, forsooth, right, very, etc. (freq. and class.):

sane sapis et consilium placet,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 67 sq.; so,

sapis sane,

id. Cas. 3, 6, 25:

sapit,

id. Men. 5, 2, 39:

sane haud quicquam'st, magis quod cupiam,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 15; 2, 3, 43:

sane ego illum metuo,

id. Men. 5, 2, 108:

cum illā sane congruost sermo tibi,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 23:

sane ego sum amicus nostris aedibus,

id. As. 2, 3, 7:

dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

odiosum sane genus hominum officia exprobrantium,

id. Lael. 20, 71; id. Quint. 3, 11:

humilem sane relinquunt ortum amicitiae,

id. Lael. 9, 29; cf.:

tenui sane muro dissepiunt,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

judicare difficile est sane,

id. Lael. 17, 62:

explicat orationem sane longam et verbis valde bonis,

id. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

(narratio) res sane difficilis,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 264:

sane grandes libros,

id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

cui sane magna est in mento cicatrix,

Auct. Her. 4, 49, 63:

Herennium quendam, sane hominem nequam atque egentem, coepisse, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 5:

Paulus mihi de re publicā alia quaedam sane pessima,

id. Att. 14, 7, 1:

sane murteta relinqui,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 5:

id sane est invisum duobus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 64:

bonus sane vicinus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 132:

sane populus numerabilis,

id. A. P. 206.— In replies: Mi. Te moneri numne vis? Ha. Sane volo, by all means, surely, to be sure, certainly, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 119; so,

sane volo,

id. Cas. 2, 3, 55; id. Rud. 5, 3, 51; Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 31: Ch. Estne, ut fertur, forma? Pa. Sane, id. Eun. 2, 3, 69; 4, 7, 15:

sane hoc multo propius ibis,

id. Ad. 4, 2, 41. Th. Quid taces? Ph. Sane quia vero hae mihi patent semper fores, id. Eun. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 2, 24: C. F. Visne igitur, etc. C. P. Sane placet, Cic. Part. Or. 1, 2:

sane et libenter quidem,

id. Rep. 2, 38, 64.—Ironically:

quam sane magni referat,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9; cf.: sane legem Juliam timeo, Ner. ap. Suet. Ner. 33 med.:

beneficium magnum sane dedit!

Phaedr. 3, 15, 12.—

With other adverbs: esse aedificatas has sane bene,

right well, very well, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 74:

res rustica sane bene culta,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 103:

bene sane, as an answer,

very well, id. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Ad. 4, 2, 47:

recte sane,

id. Eun. 5, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 27; 3, 3, 20; id. Ad. 3, 3, 63; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 10:

sane commode,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 72:

sapienter sane,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 42 et saep.:

scite hercle sane,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 53:

sane hercle,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59; id. Hec. 3, 5, 9; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 9:

sane quidem,

id. And. 1, 2, 24:

sane quidem hercle,

Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 8:

sane pol,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 2.—Sane quam, how very, i. e. very much indeed, uncommonly, exceedingly (cf.:

admodum quam and valde quam): conclusa est a te tam magna lex sane quam brevi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23:

quod de Pompeio Caninius agit, sane quam refrixit,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 4 (6), 5; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 2; 8, 4, 2; Brut. ib. 11, 13, 4 (shortly before: suos valde quam paucos habet); Sulp. ib. 4, 5, 1.—With negatives:

haud sane diu est,

not very long since, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 44:

edepol commissatorem haud sane commodum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:

haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; Sall. C. 37, 9; 53, 5; id. Rep. Ord. 2, 11; Cic. Sen. 1, 3; Curt. 3, 1, 14:

agellus non sane major jugero uno,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 10:

cum his temporibus non sane in senatum ventitarem,

Cic. Fam. 13, 77, 1:

non sane mirabile hoc quidem,

id. Div. 2, 31, 67:

non ita sane vetus,

id. Brut. 10, 41:

non sane credere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 61:

nihil sane esset, quod, etc.,

absolutely nothing, nothing at all, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; so,

nihil sane,

id. de Or. 2, 1, 5; Sall. C. 16, 5; Hor. S. 2, 3, 138; id. Ep. 2, 1, 206 al.—

In restrictive concessions, to be sure, indeed, certainly, however: sane bonum, ut dixi, rei publicae genus, Cic.Rep. 2, 26, 48; cf.:

hoc sane frequentissimum est... sed, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 130:

negant quemquam esse virum bonum nisi sapientem. Sit ita sane, sed, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18; cf. id. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

haec si vobis non probamus, sint falsa sane,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

sint sane, quoniam ita mores se habent, liberales,

Sall. C. 52, 12; id. J. 31, 8:

sit hoc sane leve,

Cic. Sest. 54, 115:

sed fruatur sane hoc solacio,

id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; Ov. H. 17, 13; Curt. 5, 1, 6:

repetita narratio sane res declamatoria magis quam forensis,

Quint. 4, 2, 128:

poëtis permittamus sane ejusmodi exempla,

id. 8, 3, 73:

non sane recepto in usum nomine,

not indeed, id. 5, 11, 20; cf. id. 7, 1, 41.—

With imperatives in colloq. lang. likewise concessive, like the English then, pray then, if you will:

ubi ego Sosia nolim esse, tu esto sane Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 283: Al. Num quid vis, quin abeam jam intro? Ju. I sane, id. ib. 3, 3, 16:

abi tu sane superior,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 14:

i sane,

id. As. 3, 3, 86; id. Aul. 2, 5, 7; id. Ep. 1, 1, 73; id. Pers. 4, 4, 25; 4, 4, 55; id. Rud. 2, 3, 55; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48:

ite sane,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 3:

abi sane,

id. Am. 1, 1, 197; id. Rud. 3, 6, 17; id. Stich. 1, 3, 107; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 27:

sequere sane,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 2:

age sane,

id. Men. 1, 2, 44; id. Ps. 5, 2, 27:

da sane,

id. Merc. 4, 1, 11:

dato sane,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 47:

cedo sane,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 30; 5, 1, 20; Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 4:

nosce sane,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58:

age sane, omnes,

Liv. 1, 57, 8.

vērus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Zend var, believe; Sanscr. var, choose, wish], true, real, actual, genuine, etc. (opp. falsus, fictus).

Lit.:

secerni blandus amicus a vero et internosci tam potest adhibitā diligentiā, quam omnia fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veris,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

perspicere, quid in quāque re verum sincerumque sit,

id. Off. 2, 5, 18:

vera an falsa,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 19:

res vera (opp. ficta),

Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

verus ac germanus Metellus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 147; cf.:

ipsus verus Harpax,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 111:

vera mea uxor,

id. As. 1, 1, 46 (dub.;

al. verum): color,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 27:

vultus,

id. And. 5, 1, 20:

via,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 17:

vera et perfecta amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22:

vera, gravis, solida gloria,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 50:

decus,

id. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

causa verissima,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 10:

virtus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 29:

dolores,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 57:

amicus,

id. A. P. 425:

nati,

legitimate, Prop. 2, 9, 17:

verius ergo quid sit,

Mart. 8, 76, 7:

ut verum esset, suā voluntate sapientem descendere, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6, 11:

id si ita est, ut, etc.... sin autem illa veriora, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 4, 14.—

Subst.: vērum, i, n., what is true or real, the truth, the reality, the fact:

interesse oportet, ut inter rectum et pravum, sic inter verum et falsum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 33:

notionem veri et falsi nullam habere,

id. ib.:

verum dicere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89; Ter. And. 2, 6, 6:

si simile veri quid invenerim,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66; id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

si verum scire vis,

id. Att. 12, 41, 3:

si verum quaerimus,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 55:

verum quidem si audire volumus,

id. Brut. 73, 256:

verum non libenter audire,

Mart. 8, 76, 8:

minor est tua gloria vero,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 143:

ut quid hujus veri sit, sciam,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 72; cf.:

non pervident quid sit in vero,

actually, really, Lact. 1, 17, 1.—So the freq. construction of the gen. veri with similis, similiter, and similitudo (by many also joined together [p. 1979] in one word, verisimilis, etc.):

narrationem jubent veri similem esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

id quod veri simile occurrit,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5:

veri simillimum mihi videtur, quodam tempore, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

veri similiora,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

res similis veri,

Liv. 26, 38, 9:

simillimum veri,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

veri similiter fingere,

App. Mag. p. 293:

veri similius,

id. ib. and p. 312; Tert. Apol. 16:

veri similitudinem sequi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 107; Sen. Ben. 4, 33, 2; genuine, Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 66; cf.

, in a reversed order: similitudo veri,

Cic. Part. Or. 11, 40; id. Univ. 3:

res facit controversiam aut de vero aut de recto aut de nomine,

respecting fact, id. Or. 34, 121:

nec procul a vero est, quod,

from the truth, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 27:

ex vero positum permansit Equiria nomen,

id. F. 2, 859:

in vero esse,

to be true, Lact. 1, 11, 31; 1, 17, 1:

teneras aures mordaci radere vero,

Pers. 1, 107.— Plur.:

recta et vera loquere,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7:

vera dico,

id. Am. 1, 1, 239; 2, 1, 12; 2, 2, 55 al.:

artem se tradere vera ac falsa dijudicandi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

qui species alias veris... caput (= alias ab iis quae verae sunt, Orell.),

Hor. S. 2, 3, 208:

adjecta veris credibilis rerum imago,

Quint. 4, 2, 123:

vis dicam tibi veriora veris?

Mart. 6, 30, 6.

Transf.

Like rectus, consonant with reason or good morals, i. e. right, proper, fitting, suitable, reasonable, just (class.):

ah, Idnest verum?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 5:

cum aliquid verum ac rectum esse dicitur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

quod est rectum, verum quoque est,

id. ib. 2, 5, 11:

omnia recta, vera,

id. Tusc. 3, 27, 64:

lex vera atque princeps,

id. Leg. 2, 4, 10:

quibus peritia et verum ingenium est,

Sall. H. 1, 111 Dietsch:

ea, si vera existimare voles, maxume hortabuntur,

id. ib. 4, 61, 3 ib.:

nil Grosphus nisi verum orabit et aequum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 23.—

Esp., verum est, with subject-clause (so most freq. = aequum est, etc.):

neque verum esso, qui suos fines tueri non potuerint, alienos occupare,

Caes. B. G. 4, 8:

(Cato) negat verum esse, allici benevolentiam cibo,

Cic. Mur. 35, 74:

verum est, (agrum) habere eos, quorum sanguine ac sudore partus sit,

Liv. 2, 48, 2; 3, 40, 11; 24, 48, 11;

28, 13, 7: metiri se quemque suo modulo ac pede, verum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98; id. S. 2, 3, 212:

verius esse, Ti. Sempronio imperium habenti tradi exercitum quam legato,

Liv. 35, 8, 6:

me verius unum Pro vobis foedus luere,

Verg. A. 12, 694: si verum est, with acc. and inf., if the view is correct, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 77; Liv. 30, 26, 7.— Rarely with ut:

praeclarum illud est, et, si quaeris, rectum quoque et verum, ut, etc.,

right and just, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 73:

si verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus superarit, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 1, 1.—

Subst.: vērum, i, n., honor, duty:

in senatu parsilla, quae vero pretium aut gratiam anteferebat,

Sall. J. 16, 1.—

Speaking or containing the truth, true, veracious, = veridicus (rare):

sum verus?

Ter. And. 2, 5, 12:

vates,

Ov. H. 16, 123:

Apollinis os,

id. M. 10, 209:

judicium viri eruditissimi ac super ista verissimi,

Plin. Ep. 9, 25, 2; 2, 9, 4; cf.:

quo viro nihil firmius, nihil verius,

id. ib. 4, 22, 3:

verissimus et sapientissimus judex,

most conscientious, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84.— Advv.

vērum.

Lit., truly, just so, certainly, doubtless, even so, yes, as a confirmatory reply (ante-class. and rare, while vero is classical; v. vero init.): So. Facies? Ch. Verum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 11; Plaut. As. 4, 2, 45. Ct. Men' quaerit? Sy. Verum, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 4; id. Eun. 2, 3, 56; 5, 6, 18.—

Transf.

In gen., as a strongly corroborative adversative particle, but in truth, but not with standing, but yet; and after negative clauses, but even, but:

merito maledicas mihi, si id ita factum est: Verum haud mentior, resque uti facta, dico,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 23; 1, 2, 22; Ter. And. prol. 4; id. Eun. 1, 2, 103; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

in optimorum consiliis posita est civitatium salus: praesertim cum, etc.... Verum hunc optimum statum pravis hominum opinionibus eversum esse dicunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quod ejus (Hermagorae) peccatum reprehendendum videtur, verum brevi,

id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

quae non dicunt, verum intellegi volunt,

Quint. 8, 5, 12:

sed nos non, quid nobis utile, verum quid oratori necessarium sit, quaerimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 254: ea sunt omnia non a naturā, verum a magistro, id. Mur. 29, 61; Verg. E. 3, 35.—

In the construction non modo (solum, tantum)... verum etiam (quoque), not only... but also:

non modo agendo, verum etiam cogitando,

Cic. Cael. 19, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 161:

non solum naturā et moribus, verum etiam studio et doctrinā,

id. Lael. 2, 6:

non ingrato tantum, verum etiam invido et crudeli animo,

Just. 21, 6, 7:

servavit ab omni Non solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 84: non modo... verum ne... quidem, not only not... but not even, Cic. Rep. 3, 30, 42.—

In partic.

In a transition, but, yet, still (freq. and class.):

non edepol nunc, ubi terrarum sim scio, si quis roget... Ilicet, mandata eri perierunt una et Sosia, Verum certum'st confidenter hominem contra adloqui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 183:

deinde hoc vobis confirmo, etc.... verum quod ego laboribus, etc.... me persecuturum esse polliceor, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 51: verum schemata lexeôs duorum sunt generum, Quint. 9, 3, 2:

verum etiamsi quis summa desperet,

id. 12, 11, 26:

verum veniat sane,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76 et saep.—Strengthened by enim, vero, and (in class. prose) enimvero, but truly, but indeed:

verum enim, quando bene promeruit, fiat,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 47: verum vero inter offam atque herbam, ibi vero longum intervallum est, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

verum hercle vero,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 5:

si ullo in loco ejus provinciae frumentum tanti fuit, quanti, etc. Verum enim vero cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194; so,

verum enim vero,

id. de Or. 3, 14, 54 N. cr.; Sall. C. 20, 10; Liv. 4, 4, 8.—

In breaking off the current of discourse (cf. sed), but however, but:

exspectabantur Calendae Januariae, fortasse non recte. Verum praeterita omittamus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 12, 31: verum quidem haec hactenus;

cetera quotiescumque voletis,

id. Tusc. 3, 34, 84:

sed hoc nihil ad me... Verum hoc (ut dixi) nihil ad me. Illud ad me, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139.—

vērō, in truth, in fact, certainly, truly, to be sure, surely, assuredly:

eho, mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21:

iste eum sese ait, qui non est, esse: et qui vero est negat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 35: Tox. Amplectere sis. Lemn. Ego vero, id. Pers. 5, 1, 12; cf. Curt. 6, 3, 5: As. Ego non novi adulescentem vostrum. St. Veron'? As. Serio, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 47:

veron' serio?

id. Merc. 4, 1, 19:

itane vero obturbat?

Ter. And. 5, 4, 23: Ch. Vah, gloriare evenisse ex sententiā? Sy. Non hercle vero, verum dico, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 18:

quod de domo scribis... ego vero tum denique mihi videbor restitutus, si, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.

even at the beginning of a letter: ego vero cupio te ad me venire,

I do really wish, id. ib. 14, 16, 10; so,

ego vero vellem,

id. ib. 4, 6, 1:

cum effusis gaudio lacrimis cupere vero diceret, etc.,

Liv. 27, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 1.—

Esp., in apodosis, tum vero: postea quam ad causam dicendam ventum est, tum vero sine metu omnes erant, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; Sall. J. 94, 3; Stat. Th. 1, 412; cf.

tum, III. B. 1.—Ironically: sane quia vero hae mihi patent semper fores,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 9:

multum vero haec eis jura profuerunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

turpem vero actionem, etc.,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

egregiam vero laudem refertis,

Verg. A. 4, 93.—With immo:

immo vero indignum facinus faxo ex me audies,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 13. —

In corroborative replies, yes, certainly, by all means, assuredly, etc. (class.; while verum in this sense is only ante-class.): De. An quid est etiam amplius? He. Vero amplius, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 23; id. Eun. 3, 1, 12: M. Fuisti saepe, credo, in scholis philosophorum. A. Vero, ac libenter quidem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26:

sed tu orationes nobis veteres explicabis? Vero, inquam, Brute,

id. Brut. 87, 300:

tu vero, inquam, Tite,

id. ib. 85, 292:

nos vero, inquit ille,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 80: M. Cadere, opinor, in sapientem aegritudinem tibi dixisti videri. A. Et vero ita existimo, id. Tusc. 3, 6, 12.—With immo, nay rather: De. Quin tu mi argentum cedo. Ph. Immo vero uxorem tu cedo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 43:

sed da mihi nunc, satisne probas? Immo vero et haec, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

immo vero, inquit, ii vivunt, qui, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 14, 14: S. Quid domi? pluresne praesunt negotiis tuis? L. Immo vero unus, inquit, id. ib. 1, 39, 61.—And, to strengthen negative answers, joined with minime: S. Quid? totam domum num quis alter, praeter te, regit? L. Minime vero, Cic. Rep. 1, 39, 61; 3, 32, 44; id. Ac. 1, 1, 2; id. Off. 3, 6, 29 al.—

In urgent or encouraging expostulation, but, though, however, etc.: Ni. Cape hoc tibi aurum, Chrysale, i, fer filio. Ch. Non equidem accipiam. Ni. Cape vero:

odiose facis,

take it though, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 139:

respice vero,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 3:

ostende vero,

id. ib. 5, 2, 58:

minue vero iram,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 88.—

To indicate a climax, even, indeed:

neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis contemnendum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

quod cum tam multi homines audissent, statim ad me defertur: immo vero, ut quisque me viderat, narrabat,

id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

nec vero jam meo nomine abstinent,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 6:

neque vero id satis habuit,

Nep. Epam. 4, 5.—

Transf., as a strongly corroborative adversative particle, but in fact, but indeed, however (always placed after a word):

ne T. quidem Postumius contemnendus in dicendo: de re publicā vero non minus vehemens orator, quam bellator fuit,

Cic. Brut. 77, 269:

non vero tam isti (sc. mortui sunt) quam tu ipse, nugator,

id. Sen. 9, 27:

dixisti non auxilium mihi, sed me auxilio defuisse. Ego vero fateor hercule, quod viderim mihi auxilium non deesse, idcirco me illi auxilio pepercisse,

id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

ubi per exploratores Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12.—In transitions:

age vero ceteris in rebus quali sit temperantiā, considerate,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 40:

nec vero tibi de versibus respondebo,

id. Phil. 2, 8, 20.—

vērē, according to truth, truly, really, in fact; properly, rightly, aright:

hoc quom fit, ibi non vere vivitur,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 102 Fleck.:

honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur, id in sapientibus est solis,

Cic. Off. 3, 3, 13:

quis putare vere potest, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

vere ducere,

id. ib. 1, 38, 60:

verene hoc memoriae proditum est? etc.,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

immo, si vere volumus dicere, jam incohavit bellum,

Liv. 41, 23, 13:

omnia vere vates locuta est,

Verg. A. 6, 188:

vere an dolo,

Spart. Sev. 5.— Comp.:

libentius quam verius,

Cic. Mil. 29, 78:

Ligures latrones verius quam justi hostes,

Liv. 40, 27, 10.— Sup.:

verissime loquor,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 7:

verissime dicere,

id. Rep. 2, 4, 8.

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