ei+(-eōs)

pŭdĕo, ŭi, or pŭdĭtum est, ēre ( dep. form pudeatur, Petr. 47, 4), 2, v. a. and n. [root pu-, pav-, to strike; Sanscr. paviram, weapon; cf. pavire (puvire), tripudium, etc.], to make or be ashamed, to feel shame; to be influenced or restrained by shame or by respect for a person or thing.—In the verb. finit. extremely rare:

ita nunc pudeo,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 3:

siquidem te quicquam, quod facis, pudet,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 30; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 4:

idne pudet te, quia, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 4:

pudet, quod prius non puditum umquam est,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 4.—In plur.:

non te haec pudent?

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 36:

semper metuet, quem Saeva pudebunt,

Luc. 8, 495.—Chiefly used as a verb. impers., pudet, ŭit, or pudĭtum est, one is or feels ashamed, it causes a feeling of shame, etc; constr. aliquem alicujus rei, or with a subj.-clause:

quos, cum nihil refert, pudet: ubi pudendum est, ibi eos deserit pudor, cum usus est, ut pudeat,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 1 sq.:

fratris me Pudet,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 19:

sunt homines, quos infamiae suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

pudet me non tui quidem, sed Chrysippi, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 15, 35:

cujus eos non pudere demiror,

id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

ceteros pudeat, si qui, etc.... me autem quid pudeat?

id. Arch. 6, 12; Ov. M. 7, 617:

cicatricum et sceleris pudet,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 33:

nam pudet tanti mali,

id. Epod. 11, 7; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 12:

tum puderet vivos, tamquam puditurum esset exstinctos,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 108:

deūm me hercle atque hominum pudet,

before gods and men, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 67; Liv. 3, 19, 7.—With subj.-clause:

pudet Dicere hac praesente verbum turpe: at te id nullo modo Facere puduit,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 20:

puderet me dicere non intellegere, si, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109:

servire aeternos non puduisse deos?

Tib. 2, 3, 30: nec lusisse pudet sed non incidere [p. 1486] ludum, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

scripta pudet recitare,

id. ib. 1, 19, 42:

nonne esset puditum, legatum dici Maeandrium?

Cic. Fl. 22, 52.—With supine:

pudet dictu,

Tac. Agr. 32.—In the gerund:

non enim pudendo, sed non faciendo id, quod non decet, impudentiae nomen effugere debemus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 120:

inducitur ad pudendum,

id. Brut. 50, 188.—Hence,

pŭdens, entis, P. a., shamefaced, bashful, modest (class.):

muta pudens est,

Lucr. 4, 1164:

pudens et probus filius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

cur nescire, pudens prave, quam discere malo?

Hor. A. P. 88:

nihil pudens, nihil pudicum in eo apparet,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

animus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 68:

pudens et liberalis risus,

Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23.— Comp., Cic. Pis. 17.— Sup.:

homo,

Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:

vir,

id. Fl. 20:

femina,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 37, § 94.— Adv.: pŭdenter, modestly, bashfully, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 190 P.; Cic. Quint. 11, 39; id. Vatin. 2, 6:

sumere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44; id. A. P. 51.— Comp.:

pudentius accedere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 89, 364; Gell. 12, 11, 5. — Sup.:

pudentissime aliquid petere,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5.—

pŭdendus, a, um, P. a., of which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, scandalous, disgraceful, abominable (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ut jam pudendum sit honestiora decreta esse legionum quam senatus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

vita,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 108:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 11, 55:

causa,

Ov. H. 5, 98:

parentes,

Suet. Vit. 2:

negotiationes vel privato pudendas exercere,

id. Vesp. 16:

pudenda miserandaque oratio,

id. Tib. 65:

pudenda dictu spectantur,

Quint. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

pudendumque dictu, si, etc.,

id. 6, 4, 7:

luxus,

Tac. A. 3, 53:

hoc quoque animal (sc. blatta) inter pudenda est,

Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 140:

proh cuncta pudendi!

wholly shameful! Sil. 11, 90:

membra,

the parts of shame, the privy parts, Ser. Samm. 36, 681.—

Subst.: pŭdenda, ōrum, n. (sc. membra).

The private parts (post-class.), Aus. Per. Odyss. 6; id. Idyll. 6, 85; Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 17; Sen. ad Marc. 22, 1; Vulg. Nah. 3, 5.—

The breech, fundament, Min. Fel. Oct. 28 med.

pŭdĕo, ŭi, or pŭdĭtum est, ēre ( dep. form pudeatur, Petr. 47, 4), 2, v. a. and n. [root pu-, pav-, to strike; Sanscr. paviram, weapon; cf. pavire (puvire), tripudium, etc.], to make or be ashamed, to feel shame; to be influenced or restrained by shame or by respect for a person or thing.—In the verb. finit. extremely rare:

ita nunc pudeo,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 3:

siquidem te quicquam, quod facis, pudet,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 30; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 4:

idne pudet te, quia, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 4:

pudet, quod prius non puditum umquam est,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 4.—In plur.:

non te haec pudent?

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 36:

semper metuet, quem Saeva pudebunt,

Luc. 8, 495.—Chiefly used as a verb. impers., pudet, ŭit, or pudĭtum est, one is or feels ashamed, it causes a feeling of shame, etc; constr. aliquem alicujus rei, or with a subj.-clause:

quos, cum nihil refert, pudet: ubi pudendum est, ibi eos deserit pudor, cum usus est, ut pudeat,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 1 sq.:

fratris me Pudet,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 19:

sunt homines, quos infamiae suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

pudet me non tui quidem, sed Chrysippi, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 15, 35:

cujus eos non pudere demiror,

id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

ceteros pudeat, si qui, etc.... me autem quid pudeat?

id. Arch. 6, 12; Ov. M. 7, 617:

cicatricum et sceleris pudet,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 33:

nam pudet tanti mali,

id. Epod. 11, 7; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 12:

tum puderet vivos, tamquam puditurum esset exstinctos,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 108:

deūm me hercle atque hominum pudet,

before gods and men, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 67; Liv. 3, 19, 7.—With subj.-clause:

pudet Dicere hac praesente verbum turpe: at te id nullo modo Facere puduit,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 20:

puderet me dicere non intellegere, si, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109:

servire aeternos non puduisse deos?

Tib. 2, 3, 30: nec lusisse pudet sed non incidere [p. 1486] ludum, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

scripta pudet recitare,

id. ib. 1, 19, 42:

nonne esset puditum, legatum dici Maeandrium?

Cic. Fl. 22, 52.—With supine:

pudet dictu,

Tac. Agr. 32.—In the gerund:

non enim pudendo, sed non faciendo id, quod non decet, impudentiae nomen effugere debemus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 120:

inducitur ad pudendum,

id. Brut. 50, 188.—Hence,

pŭdens, entis, P. a., shamefaced, bashful, modest (class.):

muta pudens est,

Lucr. 4, 1164:

pudens et probus filius,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

cur nescire, pudens prave, quam discere malo?

Hor. A. P. 88:

nihil pudens, nihil pudicum in eo apparet,

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

animus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 68:

pudens et liberalis risus,

Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23.— Comp., Cic. Pis. 17.— Sup.:

homo,

Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:

vir,

id. Fl. 20:

femina,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 37, § 94.— Adv.: pŭdenter, modestly, bashfully, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 190 P.; Cic. Quint. 11, 39; id. Vatin. 2, 6:

sumere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44; id. A. P. 51.— Comp.:

pudentius accedere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 89, 364; Gell. 12, 11, 5. — Sup.:

pudentissime aliquid petere,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5.—

pŭdendus, a, um, P. a., of which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, scandalous, disgraceful, abominable (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ut jam pudendum sit honestiora decreta esse legionum quam senatus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

vita,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 108:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 11, 55:

causa,

Ov. H. 5, 98:

parentes,

Suet. Vit. 2:

negotiationes vel privato pudendas exercere,

id. Vesp. 16:

pudenda miserandaque oratio,

id. Tib. 65:

pudenda dictu spectantur,

Quint. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

pudendumque dictu, si, etc.,

id. 6, 4, 7:

luxus,

Tac. A. 3, 53:

hoc quoque animal (sc. blatta) inter pudenda est,

Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 140:

proh cuncta pudendi!

wholly shameful! Sil. 11, 90:

membra,

the parts of shame, the privy parts, Ser. Samm. 36, 681.—

Subst.: pŭdenda, ōrum, n. (sc. membra).

The private parts (post-class.), Aus. Per. Odyss. 6; id. Idyll. 6, 85; Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 17; Sen. ad Marc. 22, 1; Vulg. Nah. 3, 5.—

The breech, fundament, Min. Fel. Oct. 28 med.

quam-vīs, adv. and conj.

Adv., as you will, as much as you will or like, ever so much, ever so; hence, to designate a very high degree, as much as possible, very much, exceedingly (class.):

quamvis multos nominatim proferre,

as many as you will, very many, Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

esse quamvis facetum atque salsum,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

quamvis callide, quamvis audacter, quamvis impudenter,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

quamvis subito,

id. Lael. 5, 17: et praeter eos quamvis enumeres multos licet, ever so many, id. Leg. 3, 10, 24:

per populum quamvis justum et moderatum,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 43; 2, 30, 101:

quamvis pauci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

quamvis pernix,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 79:

ridiculus,

id. Men. 2, 2, 43:

humanus et jocosus homo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5.—With sup.:

quamvis vitiosissimus orator,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103; Col. 7, 8, 4; 2, 2, 25; 4, 24, 19; Tac. H. 2, 30; 3, 28; Quint. 6, prooem. 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1.—

Conj., as much as ever you will, i. e. how much soever, however much, although, albeit; regularly joined with subj. (not so in Livy); only rarely, and mostly post-Aug., with indic. (v. infra).

With subj.:

homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 39:

non igitur potestas est cum velis opitulandi rei publicae, quamvis ea prematur periculis, nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

quamvis sit magna (exspectatio), tamen eam vinces,

id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

quamvis prudens ad cogitandum sis sicut es, tamen nisi, etc.,

id. Att. 12, 37, 2;

and with this cf.: huc accedit, quod quamvis ille felix sit sicut est, tamen, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

ipsas quamvis angusti terminus aevi Excipiat... At genus immortale manet,

Verg. G. 4, 206.—

In a negative clause: senectus enim quamvis non sit gravis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; 26, 97; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23:

quamvis non fueris suasor,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 2.—

With indic.:

erat inter eos dignitate regiā, quamvis carebat nomine,

Nep. Milt. 2, 2:

quamvis infesto animo et minaci perveneras,

Liv. 2, 40, 7; Cels. 1 praef.:

quamvis est enim omnis hyperbole ultra finem, non tamen esse debet ultra modum,

Quint. 8, 6, 73:

carne tamen quamvis distat nil,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 29:

quamvis tacet Hermogenes,

id. ib. 1, 3, 129; cf. Dillenb. ad Hor. C. 1, 28, 13; Verg. A. 5, 542; Ov. M. 2, 782. In Cic. only in joining to his discourse a Lucilian verse beginning with quamvis, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86.—

Without a verb, Carm. Marci ap. Fest. s. v. negumate, p. 165 Müll.:

res bello gesserat, quamvis rei publicae calamitosas, attamen magnas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

quamvis iniqua passi,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224; Col. 9, 14, 14.

rĕ-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 ( fut. apoc. recipie, for recipiam, Cato ap. Fest. p. 138 and 236 Müll.; v. dico init.:

recepso, for recepero,

Cat. 44, 19), v. a. [capio].

To take back, get back, bring back; to retake, regain, recover.

Lit. (very freq. and class.):

dandis recipiendisque meritis,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26:

tu me sequere ad trapezitam... recipe actutum,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49 (just before, ni argentum refers); cf.:

centum talenta et credidisse eos constat, et non recepisse,

Quint. 5, 10, 111; and (opp. mutuum dare) Mart. 3, 40, 4:

si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8 fin.:

obsides,

Suet. Aug. 21:

reges,

Liv. 2, 15:

recepto amico,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 27; 4, 2, 47. — Freq. of places, etc., once captured and lost, to retake:

cum Tarento amisso... aliquot post annos Maximus id oppidum recepisset... nunquam ego (Tarentum) recepissem, nisi tu perdidisses,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 273; cf. id. Sen. 4, 11:

Lavinium,

Liv. 2, 39;

so of other things: recipere suas res amissas,

Liv. 3, 63:

praeda omnis recepta est,

id. 3, 3:

signa, quae ademerant Parthi,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Liv. 9, 11; Curt. 4, 12, 17: pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem Condidit assurgenti, et multā morte recepit, drew out again, = retraxit, Verg. A. 9, 348; so,

sagittam ab alterā parte,

Cels. 7, 5, 2: suos omnes incolumes receperunt (sc. ex oppido in castra), drew off, withdrew, = reduxerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 12 fin.; so,

milites defessos,

id. B. C. 1, 45 fin.:

exercitum,

Liv. 10, 42:

equitatum navibus ad se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

illum ego... medio ex hoste recepi,

bore away, rescued, Verg. A. 6, 111.—

With se, to draw back, withdraw from or to any place, to betake one ' s self anywhere; in milit. lang., to retire, retreat:

se ex eo loco,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 10; cf.:

se e fano,

id. Poen. 4, 1, 5:

se ex opere,

id. Men. 5, 3, 7:

se ex hisce locis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 21:

se e Siciliā,

id. Brut. 92, 318:

se ex fugā,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 102:

se inde,

id. B. G. 5, 15:

se hinc,

id. B. C. 1, 45 et saep.:

recipe te,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 8:

se,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45 (just before, reverti); Caes. B. C. 3, 45 (coupled with loco excedere); 3, 46; cf.:

sui recipiendi facultas,

id. B. G. 3, 4 fin.; 6, 37;

for which: se recipiendi spatium,

Liv. 10, 28:

recipe te ad erum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 20:

se ad dominum,

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

se ad nos,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 2:

se ad suos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46; 7, 82; id. B. C. 3, 38; 3, 50; 3, 52 fin.:

se ad Caesarem (Allobroges, legati),

id. B. G. 1, 11; 4, 38:

se ad agmen,

id. ib. 7, 13; id. B. C. 3, 75 fin.:

se penitus ad extremos fines,

id. B. G. 6, 10:

se ad legionem,

id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

se ad oppidum llerdam,

id. B. C. 1, 45:

se ad ordines suos,

id. ib. 2, 41:

se ad signa,

id. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 43 fin.:

se a pabulo ad stabulum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 33:

inde se in currus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin.:

se ex castris in oppidum,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

se in castra,

id. B. G. 2. 11 fin.; 2, 24; 3, 6; 3, 26 fin.;

4, 15 et saep.: se in fines,

id. ib. 4, 16:

se in Galliam,

id. ib. 4, 19 fin.:

se in montem,

id. ib. 1, 25: se in antiquas munitiones, id. B. C. 3, 54 fin.:

se in silvas ad suos,

id. B. G. 2, 19:

se in castra ad urbem,

id. B. C. 2, 25; 2, 26; cf.:

se retro in castra,

Liv. 23, 36;

and with this cf.: sese retro in Bruttios,

id. 23, 37;

and so, se, with rursus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Pers. 4, 5, 6; id. Rud. 4, 6, 19; Caes. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 41 et saep.:

se in novissimos,

Liv. 7, 40:

se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; cf.:

se intra montes,

id. B. C. 1, 65:

se per declive,

id. ib. 3, 51:

se sub murum,

id. ib. 2, 14:

se trans Rhenum,

id. B. G. 6, 41:

se Larissam versus,

id. B. C. 3, 97:

se domum ex hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 52:

se domum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 31; id. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Aul. 2, 1, 55:

se Adrumetum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 23:

se Hispalim,

id. ib. 2, 20:

se Dyrrhachium ad Pompeium,

id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:

se illuc,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 10; id. Merc. 5, 2, 40; id. Ps. 3, 1, 23 al.; cf.:

se huc esum ad praesepim suam,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 13:

se eo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25 et saep. — In the same meaning, without se: neque sepulcrum, quo recipiat, habeat portum corporis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 415 Vahl.); cf.

of a military retreat: si quo erat longius prodeundum aut celerius recipiendum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48 fin.; so without se after the verbum finitum several times in Plaut.:

rursum in portum recipimus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 60:

dum recipis,

id. Rud. 3, 6, 42:

actutum face recipias,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 30. —

Transf.

In business lang., to keep back, retain, reserve (cf. Gell. 17, 6, 6):

posticulum hoc recepit, quom aedis vendidit,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157; so in a sale, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226; Cic. Top. 26, 100; Dig. 19, 1, 53; 8, 4, 10: mulier magnam dotem dat et magnam pecuniam recipit, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 6, 8. — With object-clause, Cato, R. R. 149, 2. — With dat.:

aqua, itinere, actu domini usioni recipitur,

Cato, R. R. 149, 2.—

To restore (late Lat.):

urbem munitissimam,

to fortify anew, Amm. 16, 3, 2. —

Trop., to get back, bring back; to receive again, regain, recover:

ut antiquam frequentiam recipere vastam ac desertam bellis urbem paterentur,

Liv. 24, 3:

jus,

Quint. 5, 10, 118:

et totidem, quot dixit, verba recepit,

got back, Ov. M. 3, 384:

quam (vitam) postquam recepi,

received again, id. ib. 15, 535: anhelitum, to recover one ' s breath, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 21; id. Merc. 3, 4, 16; cf.

spiritum,

Quint. 11, 3, 55:

animam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 6, prooem. §

13: a tanto pavore recipere animos,

Liv. 21, 5, 16 Weissenb.:

a pavore animum,

id. 2, 50, 10:

e pavore recepto animo,

id. 44, 10, 1;

for which: animos ex pavore,

id. 21, 5 fin.:

recepto animo,

Curt. 6, 9, 2; 9, 5, 29:

animum vultumque,

Ov. F. 4, 615:

mente receptā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 104:

(vocem) ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere,

to bring it back, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251. —

In zeugma (cf. I. A. supra): arma et animos,

Curt. 4, 12, 17.—

With se.

To betake one ' s self, withdraw, retire from or to any place:

ad ingenium vetus versutum te recipis tuum,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 7:

ad frugem bonam,

Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

ad reliquam cogitationem belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17 fin.:

se a voluptatibus in otium,

Plin. Pan. 82, 8:

se in principem,

to resume his princely air, id. ib. 76, 5.— More freq.,

To recover, to collect one ' s self:

difficulter se recipiunt,

regain strength, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 17:

quae cum intuerer stupens, ut me recepi, Quis hic, inquam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28:

se ex terrore ac fugā,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

se ex timore,

id. ib. 4, 34:

se ex fugā,

id. ib. 4, 27:

nondum totā me mente recepi,

Ov. M. 5, 275.

(Acc. to re, I. b.) To take to one ' s self, admit, accept, receive; constr. with the simple acc., with ad, or in and acc., in and abl., with simple abl., with a local acc.

Lit.

With simple acc.:

quos homines quondam Laurentis terra recepit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p 762 P. (Ann. v. 35 Vahl.): (ego) excludor, ille recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 79:

aliquem,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

hic nulla munitio est, quae perterritos recipiat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 39; cf.:

hos tutissimus portus recipiebat,

id. B. C. 3, 27; 1, 15; cf. id. ib. 3, 11 fin.;

3, 35: eum Jugurtha accuratissime recepit,

Sall. J. 16, 3:

neque quisquam aut expulsus invidiosius aut receptus est laetius,

Vell. 2, 45, 3; Quint. 7, 1, 14; 9, 2, 89:

nisi nos vicina Trivici Villa recepisset,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 80 [p. 1533] et saep.:

quisnam istic fluvius est, quem non recipiat mare?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 86; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 10; and:

(Peneus) accipit amnem Orcon nec recipit,

i. e. does not take it to itself, does not mingle with it, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:

equus frenum recepit,

received, submitted to, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 36:

necesse erat, ab latere aperto tela recipi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35. —

With ad:

recipe me ad te,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 9; id. Am. 3, 2, 11; id. Rud. 2, 3, 20; id. Ps. 3, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 6; Suet. Caes. 63:

aliquem ad epulas,

Cic. Top. 5, 25; cf.:

ad lusum,

Suet. Ner. 11. —

With in and acc.:

recipe me in tectum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 16:

concubinam in aedes,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 3:

nos in custodiam tuam,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 34:

Tarquinium in civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31; Liv. 2, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 6:

aliquem in ordinem senatorium,

Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:

aliquem in fidem,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2; id. Att. 15, 14, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 15; 4, 22:

aliquem in civitatem,

Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

aliquem in caelum,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 39:

aliquem in deditionem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21 fin.; Liv. 8, 13; Suet. Calig. 14 al.:

aliquem in jus dicionemque,

Liv. 21, 61:

aliquem in amicitiam,

Sall. J. 14, 5; 5, 4 Kritz N. cr.:

aliquam in matrimonium,

Suet. Caes. 50; Just. 9, 5, 9 et saep. —

With in and abl. (rare and in purely local relations; v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 4):

aliquem in loco,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 3:

loricati in equis recipiuntur, Auct. B. Hisp. 4, 2: sidera in caelo recepta,

Ov. M. 2, 529 (but in Liv. 24, 32, 6, the correct read. is tuto Hexapylo, without in; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.). —

With simple abl. (mostly in purely local relations):

ut tuo recipias tecto servesque nos,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 18; so,

aliquem tecto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:

exercitum tectis ac sedibus suis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

aliquem suis urbibus,

id. Fl. 25, 61:

aliquem civitate,

id. Balb. 14, 32:

aliquem finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6; 7, 20 fin.:

aliquem oppido ac portu,

id. B. C. 3, 12; 3, 102 fin.:

aliquem moenibus,

Sall. J. 28, 2:

Romulus caelo receptus,

Quint. 3, 7, 5:

receptus Terra Neptunus,

Hor. A. P. 63 et saep. —

With local acc.:

me Acheruntem recipere Orcus noluit,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 68:

aliquem domum suam,

Cic. Arch. 3, 5; cf.:

aliquem domum ad se hospitio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20.—

Absol.:

plerosque hi, qui receperant, celant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76.—

Transf.

In business lang., to take in, receive as the proceeds of any thing:

dena milia sestertia ex melle,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11:

pecuniam ex novis vectigalibus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

pecunia, quae recipi potest,

id. ib. 2, 18, 47. —

In gladiator's lang.: recipe ferrum, receive your death-blow, the cry of the people to a vanquished gladiator whom they were not inclined to spare, Cic. Sest. 37, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41 Kühn.; Sen. Tranq. 11, 1;

for which: totum telum corpore,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 33; and:

ense recepto,

Luc. 2, 194 Corte.—

Milit. t. t., to seize, capture, take possession of, occupy: mittit in Siciliam Curionem pro praetore cum legionibus duo;

eundem, cum Siciliam recepisset, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

Praeneste non vi, sed per deditionem receptum est,

Liv. 6, 29:

Aegyptum sine certamine,

Just. 11, 11, 1:

eo oppido recepto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

civitatem,

id. ib. 6, 8; 7, 90; id. B. C. 1, 12; 1, 16; 1, 30;

3, 16: Aetoliam,

id. ib. 3, 55:

rempublicam armis,

Sall. C. 11, 4:

Alciden terra recepta vocat,

the subjugated earth, Prop. 5, 9, 38. —

In the later medical lang., of medicines, to receive, i. e. be compounded of various ingredients:

antidotos recipit haec: stoechados, marrubii, etc.,

Scrib. Comp. 106; so id. ib. 27; 28; 37; 52 al. (hence the mod. Lat. receptum, receipt, and recipe).—

Trop.

To take to or upon one ' s self, to assume; to receive, accept, admit, allow, endechomai:

non edepol istaec tua dicta nunc in aures recipio,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 34; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 91:

jusjurandum,

id. 5, 6, 1; 3; cf. id. 7, 1, 24: in semet ipsum religionem recipere, to draw upon one ' s self, Liv. 10, 40:

quae legibus cauta sunt, quae persuasione in mores recepta sunt,

admitted, Quint. 5, 10, 13; cf. id. 10, 7, 15:

antiquitas recepit fabulas... haec aetas autem respuit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10; cf. Quint. 6, 4, 19:

nec inconstantiam virtus recipit nec varietatem natura patitur,

Cic. Rep. 3, 11, 18; cf. Vell. 2, 130, 3: non recipit istam Conjunctionem honestas, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

assentatio nocere nemini potest, nisi ei, qui eam recipit atque eă delectatur,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

timor misericordiam non recipit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 26:

casus recipere (res),

to admit, be liable to, id. B. C. 1, 78; so,

aliquem casum (res),

id. ib. 3, 51:

re jam non ultra recipiente cunctationem,

Liv. 29, 24; Vell. 2, 52, 3:

sed hoc distinctionem recipit,

Just. Inst. 1, 12 pr.:

si recipiatur poëtica fabulositas,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101:

in hoc genere prorsus recipio hanc brevem annotationem,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; cf. id. 8, 3, 31:

nos necessarios maxime atque in usum receptos (tropos) exequemur,

id. 8, 6, 2; cf. id. 8, 6, 32; 5, 11, 20; 11, 3, 104; so with a subj.-clause, id. 1, 3, 14; 6, 3, 103; Plin. 28, 2, 5, § 24 al.—

Of opinions, etc., to adopt, embrace (late Lat.):

alicujus sententiam,

Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 39, 1:

opinionem,

id. Dial. 1, 17, 5.—

In partic.

To take upon one ' s self, undertake, accept the performance of a task consigned or intrusted to one (whereas suscipio denotes, in gen., the voluntary undertaking of any action; cf.:

spondeo, stipulor, polliceor): recepi causam Siciliae... ego tamen hoc onere suscepto et receptā causā Siciliensi amplexus animo sum aliquanto amplius. Suscepi enim causam totius ordinis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

in hoc judicio mihi Siculorum causam receptam, populi Romani susceptam esse videor,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26; and:

in quo est illa magna offensio vel neglegentiae susceptis rebus vel perfidiae receptis,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf. also Quint. 12, 1, 39:

verebamini, ne non id facerem, quod recepissem semel?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 9:

causam Sex. Roscii,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 2:

mandatum,

id. ib. 38, 112:

officium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:

curam ad se,

Suet. Tit. 6.—

To take an obligation upon one ' s self, to pledge one ' s self, pass one ' s word, be surety for a thing, to warrant, promise, engage a thing to any one, = anadechomai (a favorite word of Cic., esp. in his Epistles): Pe. Tute unus si recipere hoc ad te dicis... Pa. Dico et recipio Ad me, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 74; cf.:

ad me recipio: Faciet,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 12:

promitto in meque recipio, fore eum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 3; cf.:

spondeo in meque recipio eos esse, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 17, 3.—With obj.-clause:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; so with hoc, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2 (with spondeo); 6, 12, 3; 13, 41, 2 (with confirmo); id. Att. 5, 13, 2; Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4; Liv. 7, 14 Drak.; 33, 13 fin.:

pro Cassio et te, si quid me velitis recipere, recipiam,

Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 4. — With de:

de aestate polliceris vel potius recipis,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 40, 35; cf.

also: sed fidem recepisse sibi et ipsum et Appium de me,

had given him a solemn assurance, Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2.— With dat. (after the analogy of promitto, polliceor, spondeo):

ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 5; cf.: omnia ei et petenti recepi et ultro pollicitus sum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1; 7, 1:

mihi,

id. ib. 10, 13, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 82 fin.:

quid sibi is de me recepisset, in memoriam redegit,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 9.—With dat. and obj.-clause:

mihi in Cumano diligentissime se, ut annui essemus, defensurum receperat,

Cic. Att. 5, 17, 5;

so,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 3 Manut. (with confirmare); 13, 72, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Suet. Caes. 23 fin. —

In jurid. lang.: recipere nomen, of the prætor, to receive or entertain a charge against one, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; 2, 2, 42, § 102; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; Val. Max. 3, 7, 9;

for which: recipere reum,

Tac. A. 2, 74 fin.; 4, 21:

aliquem inter reos,

id. ib. 3, 70; 13, 10. —Hence,

rĕceptus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 1.), received, usual, current, customary (post-class. and very rare):

auctoritas receptior,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 5: scriptores receptissimi, Sol. praef.—

rĕceptum, i, n. subst. (acc. to II. B. 2. b.), an engagement, obligation, guaranty:

satis est factum Siculis, satis promisso nostro ac recepto,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 53, § 139; cf.:

promissum et receptum intervertit,

id. Phil. 2, 32, 79.

rĕcī̆prŏco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [reciprocus].

Act., to move backwards or back and forth (rare but class.; cf.: meo, remeo).

Lit.: rursus prorsus reciprocat fluctus feram, bears to and fro, Enn. ap. Non. 165, 11, and 384 fin. (Trag. v. 143 Vahl.):

refluusque reciprocat aestus,

Sil. 15, 225:

(ventus) cum jam spiritum includeret nec reciprocare animam sineret,

to breathe, fetch their breath, Liv. 21, 58, 4:

spiritum per fistulam,

Gell. 17, 11, 4:

aurae per anhelitum reciprocatae,

Arn. 2, 54:

manu telum reciprocans,

brandishing, Gell. 9, 11, 5:

quid Chalcidico Euripo in motu identidem reciprocando putas fieri posse constantius?

Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 24; cf.

under II.: serram,

to draw back and forth, Tert. Cor. Mil. 3: circulos, Prud. steph. 10, 573:

quinqueremem in adversum aestum reciprocari non posse,

would not be able to tack about, Liv. 28, 30; cf.:

quoniam aestus semper e Ponto profluens nunquam reciprocetur,

flow back, Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 93:

reciprocari mare coepit,

Curt. 9, 9, 20.—

Trop., to reverse, convert a proposition:

si quidem ista sic reciprocantur, ut et, si divinatio sit, dii sint, et si dii sint, sit divinatio,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10.—

Neutr., to move backwards, go back; to move back and forth, to come and go, reciprocate (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

fretum ipsum Euripi non septies die temporibus statis reciprocat,

rises and falls, Liv. 28, 6;

so of the ebb and flow: Euripus,

Plin. 2, 97, 100, § 219:

mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 20:

aquae,

Flor. 2, 8, 9;

and of the ebb (opp. accedere),

Plin. 2, 97, 89, § 212.—

Of stars: saepe citra eos ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72:

nubem eos arcentem a reciprocando,

from going back, id. 9, 46, 70, § 151.

p. 229 Müll.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.

Prop.

With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).

Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

si vis, dabo tibi testes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

si voltis,

id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

si placet,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

si populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

id. Sen. 13, 44;

four times repeated,

id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

id. 8, 7, 14.—

With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—

Imperf.:

ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

Perf.:

SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

si quid sceleste fecit,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

Tac. A. 12, 37:

miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

id. Deiot. 4, 12:

nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

Quint. 5, 10, 82.—

Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

id. B. G. 3, 12.—

Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

alte spectare si voles, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

si jam eminebit foras,

id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

si me audietis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

si quid te volam, ubi eris?

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—

Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

si potuero,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

si potuerit,

id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

si modo interpretari potuero,

id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).

Pres.:

si habeat aurum,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

si velim,

Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

si singulos numeremus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

Verg. A. 8, 560;

also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—

Imperf.:

qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

Verg. A. 11, 415;

and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

id. ib. 5, 398.—

Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

perii, si me aspexerit!

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

victus sum, si dixeris,

id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

Romani si casu intervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—

Pluperf.:

si aliter accidisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

si id fecisses,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

id. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—

Ellipt.

With pron. indef:

istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—

In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

si aliud nihil,

id. 2, 43.—

With forte:

intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

Cic. Or. 16, 51:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

id. Brut. 2, 7:

quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—

In partic.

In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—

In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

Liv. 3, 46:

adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—

Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—

In syllogistic reasonings:

si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

id. Fat. 6, 12.—

= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 48.—

Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

id. ib. 3, 75:

non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

Liv. 39, 50:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562:

Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

Liv. 1, 57.—

With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

id. ib. 6, 37:

fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7:

saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 512:

ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

id. 27, 28, 5:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

id. 5, 8:

ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—

Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

si deus si dea es,

Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

Gell. 2, 28, 3.

sermo, ōnis, m. [2. sero, qs. serta, conserta oratio], a speaking or talking with any one; talk, conversation, discourse:

sermo est a serie: sermo enim non potest in uno homine esse solo, sed ubi oratio cum altero conjuncta,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll. (very freq. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

In gen. (syn. colloquium): quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis: contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus: sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur;

sequatur etiam convivia, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

quod mihi servus sermonem serat,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 37:

sermones serere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 106:

multa inter sese vario sermone serebant,

Verg. A. 6, 160:

sermonem nobiscum ibi copulat,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 42:

dum sermones fabulandi conferant,

id. ib. prol. 34:

caput et pes sermonis,

id. As. 3, 3, 139:

cum ea tu sermonem nec joco nec serio Tibi habeas,

id. Am. 3, 2, 25; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 1:

ibi illa cum sermonem occipit,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 8:

dum sermones caedimus,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 1:

sermonem cum aliquo conferre,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136; id. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

in nostris sermonibus collocutionibusque,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

mature veniunt, discumbitur: fit sermo inter eos,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

dum longior consulto ab Ambiorige instituitur sermo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

sermonis aditum cum aliquo habere,

id. ib. 5, 41:

nullum tibi omnino cum Albinovano sermonem ullā de re fuisse,

Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

erat in ore, in sermone omnium,

id. Phil. 10, 7, 14; cf.: memini in eum sermonem illum incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore, id. Lael. 1, 2:

aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

referre sermones deorum,

id. C. 3, 3, 71 (cf.:

consiliantibus divis,

id. ib. 3, 3, 18):

et euntem multa loquendo Detinuit sermone diem,

Ov. M. 1, 683:

nunc inter eos tu sermo es,

you are the talk, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 7:

jucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum,

the conversing with you by letter, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 3; cf.:

littera sermonis fida ministra mei,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 2.—

In partic.

Literary conversation, discourse, disputation, discussion (cf. oratio): tum Furius: Quid vos agitis? num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus? Minime vero, Africanus;

soles enim tu haec studiose investigare, quae sunt in hoc genere, de quo instituerat paulo ante Tubero quaerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17; cf. id. ib. 1, 13, 19:

in sermonem ingredi (just before: in disputationem ingredi),

id. ib. 1, 24, 38:

(Scaevola) exposuit nobis sermonem Laelii de amicitiā habitum ab illo secum... Ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi, etc.... ut tamquam a praesentibus haberi sermo videretur,

id. Lael. 1, 3:

rebus his, de quibus hic sermo est,

id. Fin. 3, 12, 40:

feci sermonem inter nos habitum in Cumano. Tibi dedi partes Antiochinas, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

in quo (circulo) de philosophiā sermo haberetur,

Nep. Epam. 3, 3:

Socratici sermones,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 9; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 44; 2, 15, 26:

in longum sermonem me vocas, Attice,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

nunc enim sermo de naturā est,

our subject, Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67; 3, 1, pr. § 2; 16, 32, 58, § 134; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17, 15; Capitol. Gord. 3, 3 init. —

Concr., a talk, speech, discourse (more informal and unpretending than oratio):

meos multos et illustres et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 2; Quint. 11, 2, 24.—

Ordinary speech, speaking, talking, the language of conversation (opp. contentio):

sermo est oratio remissa et finitima cottidianae locutioni,

Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, etc.... Itaque sermo potius quam oratio dicitur,

id. Or. 19, 64: in argumentis Caecilius poscit palmam, in sermonibus Plautus, i. e. in dialogue, Varr. ap. Non. 374, 9:

soluta oratio, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19:

C. Piso, statarius et sermonis plenus orator,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

si quis scribat, uti nos, Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42:

vocem sermoni proximam,

Quint. 11, 3, 162:

ut litigantes quoque a sermone incipiant, ad vociferationem transeant,

Sen. Ep. 15, 6.—Of prose as opposed to poetry:

comoedia... nisi quod pede certo Differt sermoni sermo merus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 48:

et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri Telephus et Peleus, etc.,

id. A. P. 95.—

Concr., of verses in a conversational style, a satire:

ille (delectatur) Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60:

Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide judex,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

nec sermones ego mallem Repentes per humum quam res componere gestas,

id. ib. 2, 1, 250.—

With reference to some particular object, common talk respecting any thing, report, rumor (syn.:

fama, rumor): vulgi sermo,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

nunc per urbem solus sermo est omnibus, Eum, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 4:

sermo est totā Asiā dissipatus, Cn. Pompeium, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

mihi venit in mentem multum fore sermonem, me, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 23, 2:

si istiusmodi sermones ad te delati de me sunt, non debuisti credere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 5 sq.:

in sermonem hominum venire,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:

audita et percelebrata sermonibus res est,

id. Cael. 29, 69; cf.:

vix feram sermones hominum, si, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

vestrae perigrinantur aures, neque in hoc pervagato civitatis sermone versantur,

this talk of the town, id. Mil. 12, 33:

refrigerato jam levissimo sermone hominum,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

sermones inimicorum effugere,

id. Cael. 16, 38:

sermones lacessere, reprimere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: retudit sermones, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

ne putet aliquid oratione meā sermonis in sese aut invidiae esse quaesitum,

of slander, calumny, Cic. Fl. 5, 13:

dabimus sermonem iis, qui, etc.,

give them something to talk about, id. Fam. 9, 3; so,

materiam sermonibus praebere,

Tac. H. 4, 4: cataplus ille Puteolanus, sermo illius temporis, Cic. [p. 1680] Rab. Post. 14, 40 B. and K. dub.; v. Orell. N. cr. —

Transf., a manner of speaking, mode of expression, language, style, diction, etc. (cf. lingua):

sermone eo debemus uti, qui notus est nobis, ne, ut quidam Graeca verba inculcantes jure optimo rideamur,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111:

cujus (Terentii) fabellae propter elegantiam sermonis putabantur a C. Laelio scribi,

id. Att. 7, 3, 10:

et sane quid est aliud vetus sermo quam vetus loquendi consuetudo?

Quint. 1, 6, 43; 12, 2, 3.—

A language, the speech of a nation, etc.:

cui (Catulo) non solum nos Latini sermonis, sed etiam Graeci ipsi solent suae linguae subtilitatem elegantiamque concedere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

in Latino sermone,

id. ib. 3, 11, 42:

quae philosophi Graeco sermone tractavissent, ea Latinis litteris mandaremus,

id. Fin. 1, 1, 1:

patrii sermonis egestas,

Lucr. 1, 832; 3, 260:

cum lingua Catonis et Enni Sermonem patrium ditaverit,

Hor. A. P. 57:

aves, quae sermonem imitantur humanum... Agrippina turdum habuit imitantem sermones hominum... lusciniae Graeco atque Latino sermone dociles,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 120.—

Of a single expression:

si quis ita legaverit: Fructus annuos, etc., perinde accipi debet hic sermo, ac si, etc.,

Dig. 7, 1, 20; 11, 7, 2, § 1; 28, 5, 29.— Hence, of a single word (late Lat.): deos sermo Graecus est, Cassiod. in Psa. 21, 1.

sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.

Prop.

With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).

Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

si vis, dabo tibi testes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

si voltis,

id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

si placet,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

si populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

id. Sen. 13, 44;

four times repeated,

id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

id. 8, 7, 14.—

With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—

Imperf.:

ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

Perf.:

SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

si quid sceleste fecit,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

Tac. A. 12, 37:

miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

id. Deiot. 4, 12:

nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

Quint. 5, 10, 82.—

Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

id. B. G. 3, 12.—

Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

alte spectare si voles, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

si jam eminebit foras,

id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

si me audietis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

si quid te volam, ubi eris?

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—

Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

si potuero,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

si potuerit,

id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

si modo interpretari potuero,

id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).

Pres.:

si habeat aurum,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

si velim,

Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

si singulos numeremus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

Verg. A. 8, 560;

also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—

Imperf.:

qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

Verg. A. 11, 415;

and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

id. ib. 5, 398.—

Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

perii, si me aspexerit!

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

victus sum, si dixeris,

id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

Romani si casu intervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—

Pluperf.:

si aliter accidisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

si id fecisses,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

id. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—

Ellipt.

With pron. indef:

istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—

In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

si aliud nihil,

id. 2, 43.—

With forte:

intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

Cic. Or. 16, 51:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

id. Brut. 2, 7:

quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—

In partic.

In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—

In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

Liv. 3, 46:

adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—

Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—

In syllogistic reasonings:

si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

id. Fat. 6, 12.—

= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 48.—

Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

id. ib. 3, 75:

non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

Liv. 39, 50:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562:

Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

Liv. 1, 57.—

With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

id. ib. 6, 37:

fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7:

saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 512:

ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

id. 27, 28, 5:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

id. 5, 8:

ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—

Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

si deus si dea es,

Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

Gell. 2, 28, 3.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —

By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

emi: pecuniam solvi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

pro frumento nihil solvit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

Liv. 44, 16:

hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

nisi pecuniam solvisset,

id. Cim. 1, 1:

condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

Liv. 30, 37 med.:

pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

id. 36, 3, 1:

pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

id. 32, 26, 14:

pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

id. 40, 39 fin.:

meritam mercedem,

id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

stipendium,

Liv. 28, 32, 1:

dotem mulieri,

Dig. 24, 3, 2:

litem aestimatam,

the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

arbitria funeris,

the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

solvere dodrantem,

to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

dona puer solvit,

paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

munera,

id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

si (actor) solutus fuisset,

Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —

Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

aliquid praesens solvere,

to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

Vell. 2, 25:

quas solvere grates sufficiam?

Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

homines dicere, se a me solvere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

(summa) erat solvenda de meo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

operas solvere alicui,

to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

Liv. 31, 13:

nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

Dig. 50, 17, 105:

qui modo solvendo sint,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

si solvendo sint,

Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

solvendo non erat,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —

To fulfil the duty of burial.

Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

Curt. 3, 12, 15:

proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

id. 10, 6, 7:

ut justa soluta Remo,

Ov. F. 5, 452:

nunc justa nato solve,

Sen. Hippol. 1245.—

Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

Sen. Hippol. 1198:

solvere suprema militibus,

Tac. A. 1, 61.—

Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.

Alone:

vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

id. 40, 44, 8:

placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

id. 36, 37 fin.:

petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

id. 45, 44:

animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

vota pater solvit,

Ov. M. 9, 707:

ne votum solvat,

Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

voti debita solvere,

Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

ib. 2022 et saep.:

sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

Manil. 1, 427.—

With dat.:

ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

vota Jovi solvo,

Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

sunt vota soluta deae,

id. F. 6, 248:

dis vota solvis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

Just. 18, 5, 4.—

Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

fidem obligatam liberare,

Suet. Claud. 9):

illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

Flor. 1, 1, 12;

similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—

Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

perinde quasi promissum solvens,

Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.

Lit.

(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

Liv. 27, 51:

eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

id. 24, 45, 10:

non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

Col. 2, 9:

soluta et facilis terra,

id. 3, 14;

solum solutum vel spissum,

id. 2, 2 init.;

seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

solutiores ripae,

Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

mas spissior, femina solutior,

Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

Cic. Or. 47, 173:

verbis solutus satis,

id. ib. 47, 174:

solutissimus in dicendo,

id. ib. 48, 180.—

Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

solutus omni fenore,

Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 5:

Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—

Free from cares, undistracted:

animo soluto liberoque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—

At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—

Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 5, 355:

(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—

Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

Tac. A. 2, 4:

quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

rectore solutos (solis) equos,

Stat. Th. 1, 219.—

Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

judicio senatus soluto et libero,

id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—

Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

amores soluti et liberi,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

licentia,

id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

id. Mil. 13, 34:

quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

id. 2, 1, 2:

solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

Suet. Aug. 44:

mores soluti,

licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—

Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—

Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.

Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—

More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

Cic. Or. 52, 174:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

id. ib. 7, 1:

primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

id. Or. 57, 192:

et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

id. ib. 64, 215:

a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—

Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—

Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

solutiora componere,

id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—

Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 146.—

Undisciplined, disorderly:

omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

Liv. 8, 30, 3:

nihil temeritate solutum,

Tac. A. 13, 40:

apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

Just. 34, 2, 2.—

Lax, remiss, weak:

mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

Tac. Or. 18:

soluti ac fluentes,

Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

solutum genus orationis,

a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—

(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

aliquid in solutum dare,

to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

qui rem in solutum accipit,

Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

in solutum imputare,

to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.