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development+order

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1 seguir

v.

1 to follow.

tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind

seguir algo de cerca to follow o monitor something closely (desarrollo, resultados)

Ellos siguen la caravana They follow the convoy.

Eso es lo que sigue That is what follows.

2 to follow.

me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed

3 to continue, to resume.

Me sigue el dolor My pain persists.

4 to continue, to go on.

¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!

aquí se baja él, yo sigo he's getting out here, I'm going on (al taxista)

sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory

debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it

sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong

sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital

¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?

5 to keep on, to go along, to carry on, to continue.

María se sigue haciendo daño Mary keeps on hurting herself.

6 to continue to be, to continue being, to keep, to keep being.

Las chicas siguen testarudas The girls continue to be stubborn.

7 to obey, to keep.

Las chicas siguen las reglas The girls obey the rules.

8 to imitate, to follow.

Los fanáticos siguen al cantante The fans imitate the singer.

9 to come afterwards, to come next, to come after, to come along.

Algo bueno sigue Something good comes afterwards.

* * *

SEGUIR

CONJUGACIÓN

(e changes to i in certain persons of certain tenses; gu changes to g before a and o)

Present Indicative

sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen.

Past Indicative

seguí, seguiste, siguió, seguimos, seguisteis, siguieron.

Present Subjunctive

siga, sigas, siga, sigamos, sigáis, sigan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

siguiera, siguieras, siguiera, siguiéramos, siguierais, siguieran;

siguiese, siguieses, siguiese, siguiésemos, siguieseis, siguiesen.

Future Subjunctive

siguiere, siguieres, siguiere, siguiéremos, siguiereis, siguieren.

Imperative

sigue (tú), siga (él/Vd.), sigamos (nos.), seguid (vos.), sigan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to follow

2) keep on

3) pursue

4) remain

* * *

1. VT

1) (=perseguir) [+ persona, pista] to follow; [+ indicio] to follow up; [+ presa] to chase, pursue

tú ve primero que yo te sigo — you go first and I'll follow you

ella llegó primero, seguida del embajador — she arrived first, followed by the ambassador

nos están siguiendo — we're being followed

seguía todos sus pasos — I followed his every step

la seguía con la mirada — his eyes followed her

me sigue como un perrito faldero — he's always tramping at my heels

2) (=estar atento a) [+ programa de TV] to watch, follow; [+ programa de radio] to listen to, follow; [+ proceso, progreso] to monitor, follow up; [+ satélite] to track

seguir los acontecimientos de cerca — to monitor events closely

estaba ocupada y no he seguido la conversación — I was busy and didn't follow the conversation

esta exposición permite seguir paso a paso la evolución del artista — this exhibition allows the artist's development to be traced step by step

3) (=hacer caso de) [+ consejo] to follow, take; [+ instrucciones, doctrina, líder] to follow

siguió el ejemplo de su padre — he followed his father's example

seguir los pasos de algn — to follow in sb's footsteps

sigue la tradición de la familia — he follows in the family tradition

4) [+ rumbo, dirección] to follow

seguimos el curso del río — we followed the course of the river

siga la flecha — follow the arrow

siga esta calle y al final gire a la derecha — carry on up o follow this street and turn right at the end

• seguir su camino — to continue on one's way

sigue su camino de cineasta independiente — he continues in his path of independent film-maker

el mercado sigue su camino alcista — the market is continuing on its upward trend

• seguir su curso, el proyecto sigue su curso — the project is still on course, the project continues on (its) course

la enfermedad sigue su curso — the illness is taking o running its course

que la justicia siga su curso — let justice take its course

5) (=entender) [+ razonamiento] to follow

es un razonamiento muy difícil de seguir — it's an argument which is rather hard to follow

¿me sigues? — are you with me?

6) (Educ) [+ curso] to take, do

7) † [+ mujer] to court †

2. VI

1) (=continuar) to go on, carry on

¿quieres que sigamos? — shall we go on?

¡siga! — (=hable) go on!, carry on; LAm (=pase) come in

¡síguele! — Méx go on!

"sigue" — [en carta] P.T.O.; [en libro] continued

la carretera sigue hasta el pueblo — the road goes on as far as the town

siga por la carretera hasta el cruce — follow the road up to the crossroads

seguir por este camino — to carry on along this path

2)

• seguir adelante — [persona] to go on, carry on; [acontecimiento] to go ahead

los Juegos Olímpicos siguieron (adelante) a pesar del atentado — the Olympics went ahead despite the attack
adelante 1)
3) [en estado, situación] to be still

sigue enfermo — he's still ill

sigue en Caracas — she's still in Caracas

el ascensor sigue estropeado — the lift's still not working

sigue soltero — he's still single

¿cómo sigue? — how is he?

que siga usted bien — keep well, look after yourself

seguir con una idea — to go on with an idea

seguía en su error — he continued in his error

• seguimos sin teléfono — we still haven't got a phone

sigo sin noticias — I still haven't heard anything

sigo sin comprender — I still don't understand

esas preguntas siguen sin respuesta — those questions remain unanswered

4)

• seguir haciendo algo — to go on doing sth, carry on doing sth

siguió mirándola — he went on o carried on looking at her

siguió hablando con nosotros — he went on speaking to us

el ordenador seguía funcionando — the computer carried on working, the computer was still working

sigo pensando lo mismo — I still think the same

sigue lloviendo — it's still raining

5) (=venir a continuación) to follow, follow on

como sigue — as follows

lo que sigue es un resumen — what follows is a summary

entre otros ejemplos destacan los que siguen — amongst other examples, the following stand out

mencionaré varios casos en lo que sigue — I'll now move on to mention several cases

• seguir a algo, las horas que siguieron a la tragedia — the hours following o that followed the tragedy

a la conferencia siguió un debate — the lecture was followed by a discussion

3.

See:

seguirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

la hizo seguir por un detective — he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

creo que nos están siguiendo — I think we're being followed

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes — she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

2) <camino/ruta>

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

la saludé y seguí mi camino — I said hello to her and went on (my way)

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira — if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río — we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal — the illness is running its normal course

3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

el hermano que me sigue — the brother (who comes) after me

4)

a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow

seguir el dictamen de la conciencia — to be guided by one's conscience

b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico — her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant — she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue los pasos de su predecesor — he follows in the footsteps of his predecessors

5)

a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial — you will have to undergo special treatment

b) (Educ) < curso> to take

estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

6)

a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

¿me siguen? — are you with me?

b) ( permanecer atento a)

no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo — we are following its development very closely
2.
seguir vi

1)

a) ( por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo — go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

desde allí hay que seguir en mula — from there you have to go on by mule

seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

b)

seguir adelante — to carry on

sigamos adelante — let's carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes — they decided to go ahead with their plans

c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

siga por favor — come in, please

2) (en lugar, estado)

¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien — I hope you're all keeping well

sigo sin entender — I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

3)

a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist

b)

seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

4)

a) (venir después, estar contiguo)

lee lo que sigue — read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue — the next chapter

sigue una hora de jazz — there follows an hour of jazz

un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm

b) historia/poema to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

sigue en la página 8 — continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue — the final list is as follows
3.
seguirse v pron (en 3^a pers)

seguirse de algo — to follow from something

de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

* * *

= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex. An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.

Ex. Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.

Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.

Ex. All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.

Ex. Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.

Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex. It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.

Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex. There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.

Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex. In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.

Ex. The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.

Ex. The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.

Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

----

* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.

* como siga así = at this rate.

* como sigue = as follows.

* debate + seguir = debate + rage.

* difícil de seguir = heavy going.

* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.

* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.

* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.

* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.

* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.

* que sigue = ensuing.

* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).

* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.

* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.

* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.

* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.

* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.

* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.

* seguir al día = remain on top of.

* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.

* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* seguir como antes = go on + as before.

* seguir como modelo = pattern.

* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.

* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir con el control = stay in + control.

* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.

* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.

* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.

* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.

* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.

* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.

* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.

* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).

* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.

* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.

* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.

* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.

* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* seguir este camino = go along + this road.

* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.

* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.

* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.

* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.

* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.

* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.

* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.

* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.

* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.

* seguir la marcha de = monitor.

* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.

* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.

* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.

* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.

* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.

* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguir levantado = stay up.

* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.

* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.

* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.

* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.

* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguirse = ensue.

* seguir siendo = remain.

* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.

* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.

* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.

* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.

* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.

* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.

* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.

* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* seguir una táctica = take + tack.

* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.

* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.

* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* seguir un consejo = take + advice.

* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.

* seguir un método = take + approach.

* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.

* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.

* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.

* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.

* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.

* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.

* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* seguir viviendo = live on.

* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.

* siguiendo = along.

* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.

* si sigue así = at this rate.

* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.

* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

la hizo seguir por un detective — he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

creo que nos están siguiendo — I think we're being followed

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes — she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

2) <camino/ruta>

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

la saludé y seguí mi camino — I said hello to her and went on (my way)

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira — if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río — we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal — the illness is running its normal course

3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

el hermano que me sigue — the brother (who comes) after me

4)

a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow

seguir el dictamen de la conciencia — to be guided by one's conscience

b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico — her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant — she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue los pasos de su predecesor — he follows in the footsteps of his predecessors

5)

a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial — you will have to undergo special treatment

b) (Educ) < curso> to take

estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

6)

a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

¿me siguen? — are you with me?

b) ( permanecer atento a)

no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo — we are following its development very closely
2.
seguir vi

1)

a) ( por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo — go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

desde allí hay que seguir en mula — from there you have to go on by mule

seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

b)

seguir adelante — to carry on

sigamos adelante — let's carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes — they decided to go ahead with their plans

c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

siga por favor — come in, please

2) (en lugar, estado)

¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien — I hope you're all keeping well

sigo sin entender — I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

3)

a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist

b)

seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

4)

a) (venir después, estar contiguo)

lee lo que sigue — read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue — the next chapter

sigue una hora de jazz — there follows an hour of jazz

un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm

b) historia/poema to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

sigue en la página 8 — continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue — the final list is as follows
3.
seguirse v pron (en 3^a pers)

seguirse de algo — to follow from something

de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

* * *

= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.

Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex: An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.

Ex: Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.

Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.

Ex: All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.

Ex: Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.

Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex: It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.

Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex: There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.

Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex: In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.

Ex: The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.

Ex: The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.

Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.

* como siga así = at this rate.

* como sigue = as follows.

* debate + seguir = debate + rage.

* difícil de seguir = heavy going.

* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.

* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.

* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.

* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.

* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.

* que sigue = ensuing.

* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).

* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.

* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.

* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.

* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.

* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.

* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.

* seguir al día = remain on top of.

* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.

* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* seguir como antes = go on + as before.

* seguir como modelo = pattern.

* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.

* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir con el control = stay in + control.

* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.

* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.

* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.

* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.

* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.

* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.

* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.

* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).

* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.

* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.

* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.

* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.

* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* seguir este camino = go along + this road.

* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.

* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.

* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.

* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.

* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.

* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.

* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.

* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.

* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.

* seguir la marcha de = monitor.

* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.

* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.

* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.

* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.

* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.

* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguir levantado = stay up.

* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.

* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.

* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.

* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.

* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguirse = ensue.

* seguir siendo = remain.

* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.

* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.

* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.

* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.

* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.

* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.

* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.

* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* seguir una táctica = take + tack.

* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.

* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.

* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* seguir un consejo = take + advice.

* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.

* seguir un método = take + approach.

* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.

* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.

* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.

* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.

* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.

* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.

* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* seguir viviendo = live on.

* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.

* siguiendo = along.

* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.

* si sigue así = at this rate.

* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.

* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

* * *

seguir [ I30 ]

vt

A ‹persona/vehículo› to follow; ‹presa› to follow

sígame, por favor follow me, please

la hizo seguir por un detective he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

siga (a) ese coche follow that car!

creo que nos están siguiendo I think we're being followed

la siguió con la mirada he followed her with his eyes

le venían siguiendo los movimientos desde hacía meses they had been watching his movements for months

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses with the Japanese catching up o gaining on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue or la mata ( fam); if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

B ‹camino/ruta›

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o take o follow this road as far as the bridge

continuamos el viaje siguiendo la costa we continued our journey following the coast

me paré a saludarla y seguí mi camino I stopped to say hello to her and went on my way

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is taking o running its normal course

el tour sigue la ruta de Bolívar the tour follows the route taken by Bolivar

siguiéndole los pasos al hermano mayor, decidió estudiar medicina following in his elder brother's footsteps, he decided to study medicine

C (en el tiempo) to follow seguir A algo/algn to follow sth/sb

los disturbios que siguieron a la manifestación the disturbances that followed the demonstration

el hermano que me sigue está en Asunción the brother who comes after me is in Asunción

D

1 ‹instrucciones/consejo› to follow

tienes que seguir el dictamen de tu conciencia you must be guided by your conscience

2 (basarse en) ‹autor/teoría/método› to follow

en su clasificación sigue a Sheldon he follows Sheldon in his classification

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue las líneas establecidas por nuestro fundador it follows the lines laid down by our founder

E

1 ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial/una dieta hipocalórica you will have to undergo special treatment/follow a low-calorie diet

se seguirá contra usted el procedimiento de suspensión del permiso de conducción steps will be taken leading to the withdrawal of your driver's license

2 ( Educ) ‹curso› to take

estoy siguiendo un cursillo de fotografía I'm doing o taking a short photography course

¿qué carrera piensas seguir? what are you thinking of studying o reading?

F

1 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

me cuesta seguir una conversación en francés I find it hard to follow a conversation in French

¿me siguen? are you with me?

2

(permanecer atento a): no sigo ese programa I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

sigue atentamente el curso de los acontecimientos he's following the course of events very closely

sigue paso a paso la vida de su ídolo she keeps track of every detail of her idol's life

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo we are keeping careful track of its development, we are following its development very closely

■ seguir

vi

A

1 (por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

el tren sigue hasta Salto the train goes on to Salto

desde allí hay que seguir a pie/en mula from there you have to go on on foot/by mule

2

seguir adelante: ¿entienden? bien, entonces sigamos adelante do you understand? good, then let's carry on

llueve ¿regresamos? — no, sigamos adelante it's raining, shall we go back? — no, let's go on o carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans

3

( Col) (entrar): siga por favor come in, please

B

(en un lugar, un estado): ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well

¿sigues con la idea de mudarte? do you still intend to move?, are you still thinking of moving?

sigo sin entender I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre she's still single/as pretty as ever

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

C

1

«tareas/investigaciones/rumores»: siguen las investigaciones en torno al crimen investigations are continuing into the crime

sigue el buen tiempo en todo el país the good weather is continuing throughout the country, the whole country is still enjoying good weather

si siguen estos rumores if these rumors persist

2 seguir + GER:

sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone

sigue leyendo tú, Elsa you read now, Elsa

si sigues molestando te voy a echar if you carry on being a nuisance, I'm going to send you out

seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way ( frml)

D

1

(venir después, estar contiguo): lee lo que sigue read what follows, read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue the next chapter

me bajo en la parada que sigue I get off at the next stop

sigue una hora de música clásica there follows an hour of classical music

2 «historia/poema» to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? how does the song go on?

[ S ] sigue en la página 8 continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue the final list is as follows

■ seguirse

v pron

( en tercera persona) seguirse DE algo to follow FROM sth

de esto se sigue que su muerte no fue accidental it follows from this that her death was not accidental

* * *

seguir ( conjugate seguir) verbo transitivo
1 ‹persona/vehículo/presa› to follow;
◊ camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

2 ‹camino/ruta› to follow, go along;
◊ siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o follow this road as far as the bridge;

la saludé y seguí mi camino I said hello to her and went on (my way);
la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is running its normal course
3
a) ‹instrucciones/consejo/flecha› to follow

b) ‹autor/método/tradición/moda› to follow;

◊ seguir los pasos de algn to follow in sb's footsteps

4
a) ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow;

‹ tratamiento› to undergo
b) (Educ) ‹ curso› to do, take

5 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow;
◊ dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( por un camino) to go on;

siga derecho or todo recto keep o go straight on;
◊ sigue por esta calle go on down this street;

seguir de largo (AmL) to go straight past
b)

◊ seguir adelante to carry on;

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar):

◊ siga por favor come in, please

2 (en lugar, estado):
◊ ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?;

espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well;
sigue soltera she's still single;
si las cosas siguen así … if things carry on like this …
3 [tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia] to continue;
[ rumores] to persist;
◊ sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone;

seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way
4
a) ( venir después):

◊ lee lo que sigue read what comes next;

el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
b) [historia/poema] to continue, go on

seguir
I verbo transitivo
1 to follow: ésta es la hermana que me sigue, she's the sister who comes after me
me sigue a todas partes, he follows me wherever I go
me seguía con la mirada, his eyes followed me
2 (comprender) to understand, follow: no soy capaz de seguir el argumento, I can't follow the plot
3 (una ruta, un camino, consejo) to follow
4 (el ritmo, la moda) to keep: no sigues el ritmo, you aren't keeping time
5 (el rastro, las huellas) to track
6 (una actividad) sigue un curso de informática, she's doing a computer course
II verbo intransitivo
1 (continuar) to keep (on), go on: seguiremos mañana, we'll continue tomorrow
siguen casados, they are still married
sigue tirando de la cuerda, keep (on) pulling at the rope ➣ Ver nota en continue y keep 2 (extenderse, llegar hasta) to stretch (out): los sembrados siguen hasta la ribera, the fields stretch down to the river-bank
' seguir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atorarse
- continuar
- escala
- golpe
- impulsar
- juego
- profesar
- rastrear
- ritmo
- sino
- suceder
- trece
- adelante
- bordear
- camino
- cauce
- cerca
- línea
- llevar
- moda
- paso
- perro
- racha
- separar
- siga
- sigo
- trazar
- ver
English:
act on
- advice
- along
- carry on
- closely
- continue
- despite
- ensue
- fight on
- follow
- follow up
- forge
- get on
- go ahead
- go on
- go through with
- hope
- hotly
- keep
- keep on
- lead
- march on
- monitor
- move on
- obey
- pick up
- play on
- play upon
- practice
- practise
- press ahead
- proceed
- pursue
- push ahead
- push on
- rattle on
- reasoning
- run on
- send on
- shadow
- soldier on
- stalk
- stand
- stay out
- struggle on
- succeed
- tail
- take
- track
- trail

* * *

seguir

♦ vt

1. [ir detrás de, tomar la ruta de] to follow;

tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind;

síganme, por favor follow me, please;

la generación que nos sigue o [m5] que sigue a la nuestra the next generation, the generation after us;

sigue este sendero hasta llegar a un bosque follow this path until you come to a forest;

seguir el rastro de alguien/algo to follow sb's/sth's tracks;

siga la flecha [en letrero] follow the arrow

2. [perseguir] to follow;

me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed;

seguir a alguien de cerca to tail sb;

parece que le siguen los problemas trouble seems to follow him around wherever he goes;

Prov

el que la sigue la consigue where there's a will there's a way

3. [estar atento a, imitar, obedecer] to follow;

seguían con la vista la trayectoria de la bola they followed the ball with their eyes;

no seguimos ese programa we don't follow that programme;

seguir algo de cerca [su desarrollo, sus resultados] to follow o monitor sth closely;

siempre sigue los dictámenes de la moda she always follows the latest fashion;

los que siguen a Keynes followers of Keynes;

el cuadro sigue una línea clásica the painting is classical in style;

seguir las órdenes/instrucciones de alguien to follow sb's orders/instructions;

sigue mi consejo y habla con ella take my advice and talk to her;

siguiendo sus indicaciones, hemos cancelado el pedido we have cancelled the order as instructed

4. [reanudar, continuar] to continue, to resume;

yo seguí mi trabajo/camino I continued with my work/on my way;

él siguió su discurso he continued o resumed his speech

5. [comprender] [explicación, profesor, conferenciante] to follow;

me costaba seguirle I found her hard to follow;

¿me sigues? do you follow?, are you with me?

6. [mantener, someterse a] to follow;

hay que seguir un cierto orden you have to follow o do things in a certain order;

seguiremos el procedimiento habitual we will follow the usual procedure;

es difícil seguirle (el ritmo), va muy deprisa it's hard to keep up with him, he goes very quickly;

los aspirantes elegidos seguirán un proceso de formación the chosen candidates will receive o undergo training

7. [cursar]
sigue un curso de italiano he's doing an Italian course;

sigue la carrera de medicina she's studying medicine

♦ vi

1. [proseguir, no detenerse] to continue, to go on;

¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!;

aquí se baja él, yo sigo [al taxista] he's getting out here, I'm going on;

siga con su trabajo carry on with your work;

el sendero sigue hasta la cima the path continues o carries on to the top;

"sigue la crisis en la bolsa de Tokio" Tokyo stock market crisis continues;

debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it;

¿vas a seguir intentándolo? are you going to keep trying?;

se seguían viendo de vez en cuando they still saw each other from time to time, they continued to see each other from time to time;

seguir adelante (con algo) [con planes, proyectos] to go ahead (with sth)

2. [mantenerse, permanecer]
sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital;

¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?;

todo sigue igual everything's still the same, nothing has changed;

sigue el buen tiempo en el sur del país the good weather in the south of the country is continuing;

sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory;

¿la sigues queriendo? do you still love her?;

sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong;

sigue habiendo dudas sobre… doubts remain about…;

¡buen trabajo, sigue así! good work, keep it up!;

si seguimos jugando así, ganaremos la liga if we carry on o keep playing like that, we'll win the league;
Fam
a seguir bien [como despedida] take care, look after yourself;

de seguir así las cosas, si las cosas siguen así if things go on like this, the way things are going

3. [tomar un camino]
el resto siguió por otro camino the rest went another way;

seguiremos hacia el este we'll go east then;

siga todo recto go straight on;

siga hasta el siguiente semáforo carry on till you get to the next set of traffic lights

4. [sucederse, ir después] to follow;

lo que sigue es una cita del Corán the following is a quotation from the Koran;

seguir a algo to follow sth;

la lluvia siguió a los truenos the thunder was followed by rain;

¿cómo sigue el chiste? how does the joke go on o continue?;

el proceso de selección se realizará como sigue:… the selection process will be carried out as follows:…;

sigue en la página 20 [en periódico, libro] continued on page 20

5. Col [para dar permiso] please do;

con permiso, ¿puedo entrar? – siga excuse me, can I come in? – please do

♦ See also the pronominal verb seguirse

* * *

seguir

I v/t

1 consejo, camino, moda etc follow;

seguir a alguien follow s.o.

2 ( permanecer)

:

seguir fiel a alguien remain faithful to s.o.

II v/i continue, carry on;

seguir con algo continue with sth, carry on with sth;

seguir haciendo algo go on doing sth, continue to do sth;

sigue cometiendo los mismos errores he keeps on making the same mistakes;

sigue enfadado conmigo he’s still angry with me;

¡a seguir bien! take care!, take it easy!

* * *

seguir {75} vt

1) : to follow

el sol sigue la lluvia: sunshine follows the rain

seguiré tu consejo: I'll follow your advice

me siguieron con la mirada: they followed me with their eyes

2) : to go along, to keep on

seguimos toda la carretera panamericana: we continued along the PanAmerican Highway

siguió hablando: he kept on talking

seguir el curso: to stay on course

3) : to take (a course, a treatment)

seguir vi

1) : to go on, to keep going

sigue adelante: keep going, carry on

2) : to remain, to continue to be

¿todavía sigues aquí?: you're still here?

sigue con vida: she's still alive

3) : to follow, to come after

la frase que sigue: the following sentence

* * *

seguir vb

1. (en general) to follow

ese perro me sigue a todas partes that dog follows me everywhere

el jueves sigue al miércoles Thursday follows Wednesday

2. (cursar estudios) to do

sigue un curso de informática he's doing a computing course

3. (recorrer) to go on

siga todo recto hasta la plaza go straight on until you get to the square

¡sigue! No te pares go on! Don't stop!

4. (continuar) to be still

sigue enfermo he's still ill

sigo viviendo en el mismo sitio I'm still living in the same place

Spanish-English dictionary > seguir
2 apoyar

v.

1 to lean, to rest.

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall

Ricardo apoya su cabeza sobre la silla Richard leans his head on the chair.

2 to support.

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed

3 to back up, to stand up for, to advocate, to endorse.

Ella apoya los proyectos ecológicos She backs up ecological projects.

4 to prop, to uphold, to backstop.

Ella apoyó las vigas en la pared She propped the beams on the wall.

* * *

apoyar

► verbo transitivo

1 to lean, rest

■ apoyar la cabeza to rest one's head

2 (fundar) to base, found

■ apoya su teoría en pruebas concluyentes he bases his theory on hard evidence

3 figurado (defender algo) to support; (defender a alguien) to back, support

■ sus padres le apoyan en todo her parents support everything she does

► verbo pronominal apoyarse

1 (descansar) to lean (en, on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on)

■ la estatua se apoya en un pilar the statue stands on a column

■ apóyate en mí lean on me

■ se apoya demasiado en sus padres he relies too much on his parents

2 (dar el brazo) to hold on (en, to)

3 figurado (basarse) to be based (en, on)

■ ¿en qué te apoyas para decir eso? what do you base your arguments on?

* * *

verb

1) to support, back

2) rest, lean

•

- apoyarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reclinar) to rest, lean

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro — rest o lean your head on my shoulder

no apoyes los codos en la mesa — don't put o lean your elbows on the table

apoya la bicicleta contra la pared — lean the bicycle against the wall

2) (=ayudar) to support

no me apoyan en nada de lo que hago — they don't support me in anything I do

no apoyaremos más al gobierno — we will no longer support the government

los nuevos datos apoyan mi teoría — the new information supports my theory

3) (=basar) to base

apoya su argumento en los siguientes hechos — he bases his argument on the following facts

4) (=secundar) [+ propuesta, idea] to support

5) (Arquit, Téc) to support

2.

See:

apoyarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

apóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative

b) < teoría> to support, bear out
2.
apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

apoyarse en algo — to lean on something

camina apoyándose en un bastón — she walks using a cane for support

se apoya mucho en su familia — he leans heavily on his family

2) (basarse, fundarse)

apoyarse en algo — to be based on something

¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?

* * *

= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.

Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex. The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.

Ex. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.

Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.

Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex. This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.

Ex. The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.

Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.

Ex. The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.

Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.

Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.

Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex. The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.

Ex. This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.

Ex. To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.

Ex. Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.

Ex. I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.

Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.

Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.

Ex. There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.

Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

Ex. Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.

----

* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.

* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.

* apoyar en = lean against.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).

* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.

* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.

* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.

* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.

* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.

* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.

* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.

* que apoya moralmente = supportive.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

apóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative

b) < teoría> to support, bear out
2.
apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

apoyarse en algo — to lean on something

camina apoyándose en un bastón — she walks using a cane for support

se apoya mucho en su familia — he leans heavily on his family

2) (basarse, fundarse)

apoyarse en algo — to be based on something

¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?

* * *

= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.

Ex: Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex: These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.

Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex: The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.

Ex: They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.

Ex: I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.

Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex: This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.

Ex: The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.

Ex: Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.

Ex: The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.

Ex: Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.

Ex: Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.

Ex: Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex: The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.

Ex: This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.

Ex: To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.

Ex: Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.

Ex: I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.

Ex: It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.

Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

Ex: The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.

Ex: There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.

Ex: In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

Ex: Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.

* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.

* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.

* apoyar en = lean against.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).

* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.

* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.

* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.

* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.

* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.

* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.

* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.

* que apoya moralmente = supportive.

* * *

apoyar [A1 ]

vt

A (hacer descansar) to rest

apoya la escalera contra la pared lean o rest the ladder against the wall

con la cabeza apoyada en su hombro with her head resting on his shoulder

no se debe apoyar los codos sobre la mesa you mustn't put o rest your elbows on the table

hay que apoyar todo el peso del cuerpo sobre una pierna you have to put all your weight on one foot

B

1 (respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

¿me vas a apoyar si me quejo? are you going to back me (up) o support me if I complain?

no apoyamos la huelga we do not support the strike

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa no one backed o supported her initiative

apoyar técnica y financieramente su desarrollo to give technical and financial support o backing for its development

2 ‹teoría› to support, bear out

no hay pruebas que apoyen esta hipótesis there is no evidence to bear out o support this hypothesis

■ apoyarse

v pron

A (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse EN algo to lean ON sth

caminaba lentamente apoyándose en un bastón she walked slowly, leaning on a walking stick o using a walking stick for support

se apoya demasiado en su familia he relies too much on his family (for support), he leans too heavily on his family

B (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse EN algo to be based ON sth

se apoyó en estas cifras para defender su teoría he used these figures to defend his theory

¿en qué se apoya para hacer semejante acusación? what are you basing your accusation on?, what is the basis of your accusation?

* * *

apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer descansar) apoyar (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);
◊ apóyalo contra la pared lean it against the wall

2
a) ( respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

b) ‹ teoría› to support, bear out

apoyarse verbo pronominal
1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse en algo to lean on sth
2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse en algo to be based on sth
apoyar verbo transitivo
1 to lean
2 (causa) to support
' apoyar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
refrendar
- agarrar
- ir
- recostar
- respaldar
- sostener
English:
advocate
- back
- back up
- bolster
- buttress
- champion
- endorse
- lean
- prop
- prop up
- reinforce
- rest
- root for
- stand by
- support
- root
- sponsor
- stand

* * *

apoyar

♦ vt

1. [inclinar] to lean, to rest;

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder;

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall;

apoyó los codos sobre la mesa he leant his elbows on the table

2. [respaldar] to support;

todos apoyaron su decisión everyone supported her decision;

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed;

los directivos los apoyaron en su protesta management supported their protest

3. [basar] to base;

apoya su teoría en datos concretos her theory is based on o supported by concrete statistics

♦ See also the pronominal verb apoyarse

* * *

apoyar

v/t

1 lean (en against), rest (en against)

2 ( respaldar, confirmar) support

* * *

apoyar vt

1) : to support, to back

2) : to lean, to rest

♦ See also the reflexive verb apoyarse

* * *

apoyar vb

1. (en general) to lean [pt. & pp. leant]

apoya la escalera contra la pared lean the ladder against the wall

2. (descansar) to rest

apoyó la cabeza en mi hombro she rested her head on my shoulder

3. (defender) to support

el partido apoya al candidato the party supports the candidate

Spanish-English dictionary > apoyar
3 giro

m.

1 turn.

un giro de 180 grados (figurative) a U-turn

2 money order.

giro postal postal order

3 draft.

4 turn of phrase.

5 industry. ( Latin American Spanish)

6 spin, twirl, rotation, circular movement.

7 trend, turn, tendency.

8 idiom, expression, turn of phrase.

9 rotexion.

10 line of business.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: girar.

* * *

giro

► nombre masculino

1 (vuelta) turn, turning

2 (dirección) course, direction

3 COMERCIO draft

4 (frase) turn of phrase, expression

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar un nuevo giro a to give a new twist to, put in a new light

tomar un nuevo giro to take a new turn

giro en descubierto overdraft

giro postal money order

giro telegráfico money order

* * *

noun m.

1) turn

2) revolution

•

- giro postal

* * *
I
SM

1) (=vuelta) [gen] turn ( sobre around)
[de planeta] [sobre sí mismo] rotation; [alrededor de otro planeta] revolution
el avión realizó un giro de 80 grados — the plane did an 80-degree turn

con un giro brusco de cadera — with a sudden twist of the hips

el coche dio un giro brusco — the car swerved suddenly

daba giros sobre sí misma — she spun round and round

giro copernicano — U-turn, complete turnabout

giro de 180 grados — (lit) U-turn; (fig) U-turn, complete turnabout

la situación ha dado un giro de 180 grados — the situation has taken a U-turn, there has been a complete turnabout in the situation

2) (=cambio) [de conversación, acontecimientos] turn

el nuevo giro que dieron ayer los acontecimientos — the new turn events took yesterday

se produjo un giro radical en arquitectura — there was a radical change o turnabout in architecture

el electorado ha dado un giro a la derecha — the electorate has shifted o moved to the right

3) (=envío de dinero) [por correo] money order; (Com) draft

le mandó o puso un giro de 400 euros — he sent him a money order for 400 euros

giro a la vista — sight draft

giro bancario — bank giro, bank draft

giro en descubierto — overdraft

giro postal — postal order, money order

giro postal internacional — international money order

giro telegráfico — = giro postal

4) (Ling) turn of phrase, expression
II
ADJ LAm [gallo] with some yellow feathers

* * *
I
- ra adjetivo (AmL) speckled yellow
II
masculino

1) (Mec, Tec) turn

2)

a) (Auto) turn

hizo un giro a la derecha — she made a right turn

b) ( cambio) change of direction

dieron un giro hacia una postura más realista — they moved toward(s) a more realistic stance

un giro de 180 grados — a volte-face o an about-turn

c) ( dirección) turn

no me gusta el giro que ha tomado esta conversación — I don't like the direction this conversation has taken

3) (Fin)

poner or enviar un giro — ( a través de un banco) to transfer money; ( por correo) to send a money order

- giro bancario

- giro postal

4) (Ling, Lit) expression, turn of phrase

* * *

= deflection, spin, idiom, twist, whirl, twirl.

Ex. Deflection to the left gives him the same control backwards.

Ex. This paper dscusses the development in CD-ROM drive speeds since the 1985 base rate of a constant 150 KB/s with a spin range of 300-500 rotations per seconds.

Ex. Using a popular idiom, we might inquire, 'Is this the real McCoy'?.

Ex. 'But human creatures must not help each other nor must they make any maudlin twist'.

Ex. Like a whirl of shiny flakes sparkling in a snow globe, Hubble catches an instantaneous glimpse of many hundreds of thousands of stars.

Ex. Always make sure your partner is in control of their own movement before letting go after a twirl.

----

* giro bancario = bank transfer, wire transfer, credit transfer.

* giro imprevisto en la trama = twist in the plot.

* giro inesperado = twist.

* giro postal = postal order, post office payment, money order.

* giro postal internacional = international money order.

* vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* * *
I
- ra adjetivo (AmL) speckled yellow
II
masculino

1) (Mec, Tec) turn

2)

a) (Auto) turn

hizo un giro a la derecha — she made a right turn

b) ( cambio) change of direction

dieron un giro hacia una postura más realista — they moved toward(s) a more realistic stance

un giro de 180 grados — a volte-face o an about-turn

c) ( dirección) turn

no me gusta el giro que ha tomado esta conversación — I don't like the direction this conversation has taken

3) (Fin)

poner or enviar un giro — ( a través de un banco) to transfer money; ( por correo) to send a money order

- giro bancario

- giro postal

4) (Ling, Lit) expression, turn of phrase

* * *

= deflection, spin, idiom, twist, whirl, twirl.

Ex: Deflection to the left gives him the same control backwards.

Ex: This paper dscusses the development in CD-ROM drive speeds since the 1985 base rate of a constant 150 KB/s with a spin range of 300-500 rotations per seconds.

Ex: Using a popular idiom, we might inquire, 'Is this the real McCoy'?.

Ex: 'But human creatures must not help each other nor must they make any maudlin twist'.

Ex: Like a whirl of shiny flakes sparkling in a snow globe, Hubble catches an instantaneous glimpse of many hundreds of thousands of stars.

Ex: Always make sure your partner is in control of their own movement before letting go after a twirl.

* giro bancario = bank transfer, wire transfer, credit transfer.

* giro imprevisto en la trama = twist in the plot.

* giro inesperado = twist.

* giro postal = postal order, post office payment, money order.

* giro postal internacional = international money order.

* vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* * *

giro¹ -ra

adjective

( AmL) speckled yellow

giro²

masculine

A ( Mec, Tec) turn

B

1 ( Auto) turn

hizo un giro a la derecha she turned right, she made a right turn

2 (cambio) change of direction

un giro en la política del país a change of direction in the country's politics

intentan dar un giro hacia una postura más realista they are trying to move toward(s) a more realistic stance

en cuanto al tema de los misiles ha dado un giro de 180 grados he has done a volte-face o an about-turn o ( BrE) a U-turn on the missile question

Compuesto:

giro copernicano

seismic change

3 (dirección) turn

no me gusta el giro que ha tomado esta conversación I don't like the direction this conversation has taken

las relaciones entre ellos han tomado un nuevo giro relations between them have taken a new turn

C ( Fin):

poner or enviar un giro (a través de un banco) to transfer money; (por correo) to send a money order

Compuestos:

● giro bancario

(cheque) bank draft, banker's draft; (transferencia) credit transfer

● giro postal

money order, giro

D ( Ling, Lit) expression, turn of phrase

* * *

Del verbo girar: ( conjugate girar)

giro es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

giró es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
girar
giro
girar ( conjugate girar) verbo intransitivo
1
a) [ rueda] to turn, go around;

[ disco] to revolve, go around;
[ trompo] to spin;
giro alrededor de algo/algn to revolve around sth/sb
b) ( darse la vuelta) to turn

2 (torcer, desviarse) to turn;
◊ giroon a la derecha they turned right

verbo transitivo
1 ‹manivela/volante› to turn
2 (Com, Fin) ‹cheque/letra de cambio› to draw
giro sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) turn;
◊ hizo un giro a la derecha she made a right turn;

un giro de 180 grados a volte-face, an about-turn;
el giro que estaba tomando la conversación the direction the conversation was taking
2 (Fin):
◊ enviar un giro ( a través de un banco) to transfer money;

( por correo) to send a money order;
◊ giro bancario ( cheque) bank o banker's draft;

( transferencia) credit transfer;
◊ giro postal money order

girar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (unas aspas, un trompo, etc) to spin
2 (torcer, cambiar de dirección) girar a la derecha/izquierda, to turn right/left
3 (tratar) to revolve: la conversación giró en torno al tiempo, the conversation revolved around the weather
II verbo transitivo
1 (la cabeza, llave) to turn
2 Fin (dinero) to send by giro
(una letra de cambio) to draw
giro sustantivo masculino
1 (vuelta) turn
2 (rumbo, dirección, aspecto) turn, direction: la situación ha dado un giro de ciento ochenta grados, the situation has made a U-turn
3 (expresión, locución) turn of phrase
4 Fin draft
giro postal/telegráfico, money order
♦ Locuciones: giro copernicano, radical change
' giro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
enviar
- girar
- vuelta
- destinatario
- hispanismo
- luz
English:
better
- cable
- left
- money order
- spin
- swing
- turn
- twirl
- twist
- U-turn
- veer
- whirl
- filter
- flick
- giro
- money
- pirouette
- pivot
- postal

* * *

Giro ['jiro] nm
[carrera ciclista]
el Giro (de Italia) the Giro, the Tour of Italy

* * *

giro

m

1 turn;

giro a la derecha/izquierda right/left turn; POL shift to the right/left

2 GRAM idiom

* * *

giro nm

1) vuelta: turn, rotation

2) : change of direction

giro de 180 grados: U-turn, about-face

3)

giro bancario : bank draft

4)

giro postal : money order

* * *

giro n

1. (movimiento) turn

el conductor hizo un giro brusco the driver made a sharp turn

2. (manera de hablar) turn of phrase / expression

giro postal postal order

Spanish-English dictionary > giro
4 para

prep.

1 for.

es para ti it's for you

una mesa para el salón a table for the living room

esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink

te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand

¿para qué? what for?

2 (in order) to.

para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims

lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you

3 toward.

ir para casa to head (for) home

salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport

4 for (time).

tiene que estar acabado para mañana it has to be finished by o for tomorrow

diez para las once ten to eleven (Am salvo RP)

5 to.

la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served

el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: parar.

pres.subj.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: parir.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: parar.

* * *

para

► preposición

1 (finalidad) for

■ he comprado un regalo para mi abuela I've bought a present for my grandmother

■ es para su cumpleaños it's for her birthday

2 (uso, utilidad) for

■ los cuchillos son para cortar, no para jugar con ellos knives are for cutting, not for playing with

■ ¿tienes algo para el dolor de cabeza? have you got anything for a headache?

3 (destino, dirección) for, to

■ salimos para Lugo el domingo we leave for Lugo on Sunday

■ el tren para Toledo sale a las 18.00 the train to Toledo leaves at 18.00

■ ¿para dónde vas? where are you going?

■ voy para allá inmediatamente I'll be there in a minute

4 (tiempo, fechas límites) by, before

■ lo necesito para el viernes I need it by Friday

■ la carretera estará acabada para antes del verano the road will be finished before the summer

5 (comparación) for

■ para los años que tiene está muy activa she's very active for her age

■ pesa poquísimo para lo grande que es it's very light for its size

► conjunción

1 (finalidad) to, in order to

■ lo hice para ahorrar tiempo I did it to save time

■ para estar sano es preciso comer bien in order to be healthy one must eat properly

2 (suficiente) enough

■ tal como nos han tratado es para no volver nunca más the way they treated us is enough to make you never go back there again

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

para entonces by then

para con towards, to

■ han sido muy injustos para con los empleados they have been very unfair to their employees

■ cumplió con sus obligaciones para con la iglesia he fulfilled his obligations to the church

para que so that

■ déjale una nota a tu madre para que sepa dónde estás leave your mother a note so that she knows where you are

■ cierra la puerta para que no entre el perro shut the door so that the dog doesn't get in

■ aún es pronto para que vuelvan it's still too early for them to be back

¿para qué? what for?

■ ¿para qué has comprado eso? what did you buy that for?

¡que para qué! familiar very, really, terribly

■ ¡hace un frío que para qué! it's freezing

■ ¡es más torpe que para qué! she's so clumsy!

* * *

prep.

1) for

2) to

3) towards

4) by

•

- para adelante
- para detrás
- para que
* * *
I
PREP

1) [indicando finalidad, uso] for

un regalo para ti — a present for you

psicológicamente no estoy preparado para eso — I'm not psychologically ready for that

es demasiado cara para nosotros — it's too dear for us, it's beyond our means

no tengo para el viaje — I haven't got enough money for the trip

léelo para ti — read it to yourself

nació para poeta — he was born to be a poet

ya no estoy para estos trotes — I'm not up to this sort of thing anymore

yo no valgo para esto — I'm no good at this

una taza para café — a coffee cup

laca para el pelo — hairspray

para esto, podíamos habernos quedado en casa — if this is it, we might as well have stayed at home

2)

para que —

a) + subjun

lo traje para que lo vieras — I brought it so (that) you could see it

es para que lo leas — it's for you to read

un regalo para que te acuerdes de mí — a present for you to remember me by

para que eso fuera posible tendrías que trabajar mucho — you would have to work hard for that to be possible

b) [en preguntas]

¿para qué lo quieres? — why do you want it?, what do you want it for?

¿para qué sirve? — what's it for?

-¿por qué no se lo dices? -¿para qué? — "why don't you tell her?" - "what's the point o use?"

tú ya has pasado por eso, ¿para qué te voy a contar? — you've already been through that, so there's no point o use me telling you

que para qué * —

tengo un hambre que para qué — [uso enfático] I'm absolutely starving *

hay un embotellamiento que para qué — there's a huge traffic jam

3) + infin

a) [indicando finalidad] to

lo hizo para salvarse — he did it (in order) to save himself

para comprarlo necesitas cinco dólares más — to buy it you need another five dollars

estoy ahorrando para comprarme una moto — I'm saving up to buy a motorbike, I'm saving up for a motorbike

entré despacito para no despertarla — I went in slowly so as not to wake her

no es para comer — it's not for eating, it's not to be eaten

tengo bastante para vivir — I have enough to live on

es muy tarde para salir — it's too late to go out

b) [indicando secuencia temporal]

se casaron para separarse en seguida — they married only to separate soon after

el rey visitará Argentina para volar después a Chile — the king will visit Argentina and then fly on to Chile

4) [con expresiones de tiempo]

con esto tengo para rato — this will take me a while

lo dejamos para mañana — let's leave it till tomorrow

tengo muchos deberes para mañana — I have a lot of homework to do for tomorrow

lo recordaré para siempre — I'll remember it forever

ahora para las vacaciones de agosto hará un año — it'll be a year ago this o come the August holiday

va para un año desde la última vez — it's getting on for a year since the last time

lo tendré listo para fin de mes — I'll have it ready by o for the end of the month

para entonces ya era tarde — it was already too late by then

para las dos estaba lloviendo — by two o'clock it was raining

un cuarto para las diez — LAm a quarter to ten

son cinco para las ocho — LAm it's five to eight

5) [indicando dirección]

para atrás — back, backwards

para la derecha — to the right

el autobús para Marbella — the bus for Marbella, the Marbella bus

iba para el metro — I was going towards the underground

ir para casa — to go home, head for home

salir para Panamá — to leave for Panama

6) [indicando opiniones]

para mí que miente — in my opinion o if you ask me he's lying

no hay niño feo para una madre — all mothers think their baby is beautiful

7) [en comparaciones]

es mucho para lo que suele dar — this is a lot in comparison with what he usually gives

¿quién es usted para gritarme así? — who are you to shout at me like that?

para profesor habla muy mal — he doesn't speak very clearly for a teacher

para ser un niño lo hace muy bien — he does it very well for a child

para patatas, las de mi pueblo — if it's potatoes you want, look no further than my home town

para ruidosos, los españoles — there's nobody like the Spaniards for being noisy

8) [indicando trato]

para con — to, towards

tan amable para con todos — so kind to o towards everybody
estar 1., 7), ir 1., 10) II
* SM paratrooper, para *

* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

una carta para él — a letter for him

¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

lee para ti — read to yourself

fue muy amable para con todos — he was very friendly to everyone

¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

no sirve para este trabajo — he's no good at this kind of work

¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

champú para bebés — baby shampoo

jarabe para la tos — cough mixture

que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

2)

para + inf — to + inf

para serte sincero — to tell you the truth

esta agua no es para beber — this isn't drinking water

está listo para pintar — it's ready to be painted o for painting

para aprobar — (in order) to pass

entró en puntillas para no despertarla — he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her

3)

para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

4) ( expresando consecuencia) to

para su desgracia — unfortunately for him

para mi sorpresa — (much) to my surprise

Sentido II

5) ( expresando suficiencia) for

no hay para todos — there isn't enough for everybody

no es para tanto — it's not that bad

para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

hace demasiado frío para salir — it's too cold to go out

son altos para su edad — they're tall for their age

para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

7)

estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

no estoy para bromas — I'm in no mood for joking

está para tirarla a la basura — it's only fit for throwing out

no está (como) para salir sin abrigo — it's not warm enough to go out without a coat

8) ( expresando puntos de vista)

para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

lo es todo para él — she's everything to him

¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

Sentido III

9)

a) ( indicando dirección)

salieron para el aeropuerto — they left for the airport

empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

tráelo para acá — bring it over here

córrete para atrás — move back

b) ( en sentido figurado)

ya vamos para viejos — we're getting old o getting on

va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

Sentido IV

10) ( en relaciones de tiempo)

a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

estará listo para el día 15 — it'll be ready by o for the 15th

deberes para el lunes — homework for Monday

faltan cinco minutos para que termine — there are five minutes to go before the end

me lo prometió para después de Pascua — he promised me it for after Easter

¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

estará listo para finales de agosto — it'll be ready sometime around the end of August

para entonces estaré en Madrid — I'll be in Madrid (by) then

¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

tengo hora para mañana — I have an appointment (for) tomorrow

b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to

son cinco para las diez — it's five to ten

11)

a) ( expresando duración)

para siempre — forever

tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

b) ( con idea de finalidad) for

¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

12) ( en secuencias de acciones)

se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

salió sólo para volver a entrar — he went out only to come in again

* * *

= for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.

Ex. For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.

Ex. This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.

Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex. Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.

Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.

Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex. A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

Ex. Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.

Ex. The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.

Ex. Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.

Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.

Ex. In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.

Ex. The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.

Ex. The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.

Ex. The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.

Ex. Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.

----

* ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.

* para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.

* para actuar = for action.

* para alguna gente = to some people.

* para algunas personas = to some people.

* para algunos = to some.

* para aquel entonces = by then.

* para atraer al cliente = window dressing.

* para beneficio de = for the good of.

* para bien = for the best, for the better.

* para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.

* para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.

* para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.

* para bodas = bridal.

* para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].

* para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.

* para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.

* para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.

* para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.

* para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para cuando = by the time.

* para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.

* para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.

* para decir la verdad = to be honest.

* para detrimento de = to the neglect of.

* para diario = everyday.

* para disgusto de = to the disgust of.

* para divertirse = for kicks.

* para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para el año próximo = for the year ahead.

* para el arrastre = over the hill.

* para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.

* para el bien de = for the benefit of.

* para el caso = for that matter.

* para el esparcimiento = recreational.

* para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.

* para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.

* para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.

* para el ocio = recreational.

* para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.

* para embalsamar = embalming.

* para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.

* para entonces = by then.

* para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.

* para eso = therefor.

* para este fin = to this end.

* para esto = therefor.

* para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.

* para expresar dimensiones = by.

* para + Fecha = by + Fecha.

* para finales de = by the end of.

* para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* para finalizar = in closing.

* para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].

* para futuras consultas = for future reference.

* para hacer dinero = money-making.

* para hacer esto = in this.

* para hacer fundas = sleeving.

* para hacer juego = to match.

* para hacer justicia = in fairness to.

* para hacer las paces = peace offering.

* para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.

* para hacer más fácil = for ease of.

* para impresionar = for effect.

* para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.

* para jóvenes = youth-serving.

* para la eternidad = in perpetuity.

* para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.

* para la posteridad = for posterity.

* para la web = Web-related.

* para llamar la atención = for effect.

* para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.

* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.

* para más información = for further details.

* para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para mayor información sobre = for details of.

* para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.

* para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para mí = for myself.

* para microordenadores = micro-computer based.

* para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.

* para no = so as not to.

* para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.

* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.

* para novias = bridal.

* para + Número = seat + Número.

* para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.

* para orquesta = orchestral.

* para otra ocasión = for future reference.

* para para lavarse la cara = washrag.

* para partirse de risa = side-splitting.

* para PCs = PC-based.

* para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.

* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.

* para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.

* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.

* para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.

* para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.

* para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.

* para protegerse = protectively.

* para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.

* para que así conste = for the record.

* para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.

* para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.

* para que no falte = for good measure.

* para que no falte de nada = for good measure.

* para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.

* para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.

* para que quede constancia = for the record.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.

* para ser específico = to be specific.

* para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.

* para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.

* para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.

* para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.

* para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.

* para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.

* para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.

* para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.

* para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.

* para terminar = in closing.

* para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.

* para toda la industria = industry-wide.

* para toda la universidad = university-wide.

* para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.

* para todo el mercado = industry-wide.

* para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.

* para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].

* para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.

* para todo uso = all-purpose.

* para tomar medidas = for action.

* para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.

* para una única ocasión = one-time.

* para un futuro mejor = for a better future.

* para uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* para uso del profesional = professional-use.

* para uso industrial = heavy-duty.

* para uso personal = for personal use.

* para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.

* para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.

* sin parar = interminably.

* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

una carta para él — a letter for him

¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

lee para ti — read to yourself

fue muy amable para con todos — he was very friendly to everyone

¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

no sirve para este trabajo — he's no good at this kind of work

¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

champú para bebés — baby shampoo

jarabe para la tos — cough mixture

que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

2)

para + inf — to + inf

para serte sincero — to tell you the truth

esta agua no es para beber — this isn't drinking water

está listo para pintar — it's ready to be painted o for painting

para aprobar — (in order) to pass

entró en puntillas para no despertarla — he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her

3)

para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

4) ( expresando consecuencia) to

para su desgracia — unfortunately for him

para mi sorpresa — (much) to my surprise

Sentido II

5) ( expresando suficiencia) for

no hay para todos — there isn't enough for everybody

no es para tanto — it's not that bad

para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

hace demasiado frío para salir — it's too cold to go out

son altos para su edad — they're tall for their age

para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

7)

estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

no estoy para bromas — I'm in no mood for joking

está para tirarla a la basura — it's only fit for throwing out

no está (como) para salir sin abrigo — it's not warm enough to go out without a coat

8) ( expresando puntos de vista)

para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

lo es todo para él — she's everything to him

¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

Sentido III

9)

a) ( indicando dirección)

salieron para el aeropuerto — they left for the airport

empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

tráelo para acá — bring it over here

córrete para atrás — move back

b) ( en sentido figurado)

ya vamos para viejos — we're getting old o getting on

va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

Sentido IV

10) ( en relaciones de tiempo)

a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

estará listo para el día 15 — it'll be ready by o for the 15th

deberes para el lunes — homework for Monday

faltan cinco minutos para que termine — there are five minutes to go before the end

me lo prometió para después de Pascua — he promised me it for after Easter

¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

estará listo para finales de agosto — it'll be ready sometime around the end of August

para entonces estaré en Madrid — I'll be in Madrid (by) then

¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

tengo hora para mañana — I have an appointment (for) tomorrow

b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to

son cinco para las diez — it's five to ten

11)

a) ( expresando duración)

para siempre — forever

tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

b) ( con idea de finalidad) for

¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

12) ( en secuencias de acciones)

se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

salió sólo para volver a entrar — he went out only to come in again

* * *

= for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.

Ex: For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.

Ex: This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.

Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex: Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.

Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.

Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex: A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

Ex: Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.

Ex: The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.

Ex: Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.

Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.

Ex: In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.

Ex: The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.

Ex: The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.

Ex: The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.

Ex: Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.

* ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.

* para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.

* para actuar = for action.

* para alguna gente = to some people.

* para algunas personas = to some people.

* para algunos = to some.

* para aquel entonces = by then.

* para atraer al cliente = window dressing.

* para beneficio de = for the good of.

* para bien = for the best, for the better.

* para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.

* para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.

* para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.

* para bodas = bridal.

* para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].

* para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.

* para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.

* para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.

* para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.

* para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para cuando = by the time.

* para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.

* para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.

* para decir la verdad = to be honest.

* para detrimento de = to the neglect of.

* para diario = everyday.

* para disgusto de = to the disgust of.

* para divertirse = for kicks.

* para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para el año próximo = for the year ahead.

* para el arrastre = over the hill.

* para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.

* para el bien de = for the benefit of.

* para el caso = for that matter.

* para el esparcimiento = recreational.

* para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.

* para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.

* para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.

* para el ocio = recreational.

* para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.

* para embalsamar = embalming.

* para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.

* para entonces = by then.

* para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.

* para eso = therefor.

* para este fin = to this end.

* para esto = therefor.

* para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.

* para expresar dimensiones = by.

* para + Fecha = by + Fecha.

* para finales de = by the end of.

* para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* para finalizar = in closing.

* para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].

* para futuras consultas = for future reference.

* para hacer dinero = money-making.

* para hacer esto = in this.

* para hacer fundas = sleeving.

* para hacer juego = to match.

* para hacer justicia = in fairness to.

* para hacer las paces = peace offering.

* para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.

* para hacer más fácil = for ease of.

* para impresionar = for effect.

* para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.

* para jóvenes = youth-serving.

* para la eternidad = in perpetuity.

* para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.

* para la posteridad = for posterity.

* para la web = Web-related.

* para llamar la atención = for effect.

* para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.

* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.

* para más información = for further details.

* para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para mayor información sobre = for details of.

* para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.

* para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para mí = for myself.

* para microordenadores = micro-computer based.

* para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.

* para no = so as not to.

* para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.

* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.

* para novias = bridal.

* para + Número = seat + Número.

* para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.

* para orquesta = orchestral.

* para otra ocasión = for future reference.

* para para lavarse la cara = washrag.

* para partirse de risa = side-splitting.

* para PCs = PC-based.

* para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.

* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.

* para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.

* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.

* para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.

* para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.

* para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.

* para protegerse = protectively.

* para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.

* para que así conste = for the record.

* para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.

* para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.

* para que no falte = for good measure.

* para que no falte de nada = for good measure.

* para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.

* para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.

* para que quede constancia = for the record.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.

* para ser específico = to be specific.

* para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.

* para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.

* para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.

* para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.

* para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.

* para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.

* para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.

* para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.

* para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.

* para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.

* para terminar = in closing.

* para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.

* para toda la industria = industry-wide.

* para toda la universidad = university-wide.

* para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.

* para todo el mercado = industry-wide.

* para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.

* para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].

* para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.

* para todo uso = all-purpose.

* para tomar medidas = for action.

* para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.

* para una única ocasión = one-time.

* para un futuro mejor = for a better future.

* para uso comercial = commercially-owned.

* para uso del profesional = professional-use.

* para uso industrial = heavy-duty.

* para uso personal = for personal use.

* para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.

* para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.

* sin parar = interminably.

* * *

para

prep

Sentido I

A (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

tengo buenas noticias para ustedes I have some good news for you

¿para qué revista escribes? what magazine do you write for?

lee para ti read to yourself

fue muy amable para con todos he was very friendly to everyone

¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?

no sirve para este trabajo he's no good at this kind of work

¿para qué lo quieres? what do you want it for?

¿para qué tuviste que ir a decírselo? what did you have to go and tell him for?, why did you have to go and tell him?

champú para bebés baby shampoo

jarabe para la tos cough mixture

que para qué (decirte/hablar) ( fam): hacía un frío que para qué (decirte) it was freezing cold ( colloq)

venían con un hambre que para qué (hablar) or para qué te voy a contar they were starving o so hungry when they got here!

B para + INF to + INF

está ahorrando para comprarse un coche she's saving up for a car o to buy a car

esta agua no es para beber this isn't drinking water

está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting

para serte sincero to tell you the truth

como para convencerse a sí misma as if to convince herself

para pasar al curso siguiente (in order) to go on to the next year

no hay que ser muy inteligente para darse cuenta you don't have to be very intelligent to realize that

nos cambiamos de sitio para ver mejor we changed places (so as) to see better

para no + INF so as not to + INF

entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her

C para QUE + SUBJ:

lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me

pídeselo — ¿para qué? ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it — what for? so he can say no?

para QUE no + SUBJ:

cierra la puerta para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us

D

1

(enfatizando la culminación de algo): para colmo or para rematarla se apagó la luz to crown o top o cap it all the light went out

2 (expresando efecto, consecuencia) to

para su desgracia unfortunately for him

para mi gran sorpresa to my great surprise, much to my surprise

Sentido II

A (expresando suficiencia) for

no había bastante para todos there wasn't enough for everybody o to go round

tranquilízate, no es para tanto calm down, it's not that bad

para + INF:

apenas tienen para comer they can barely afford to eat

soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it

bastante tengo yo con mis problemas (como) para estar ocupándome de los suyos I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with his as well

¡es (como) para matarlo! ( fam); I'll kill him! ( colloq)

para QUE + SUBJ:

basta que yo diga A para que él diga B if I say it's black, he'll say it's white

basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa he only has to walk in and she gets flustered

B

(en comparaciones, contrastes): hace demasiado calor para estar al sol it's too hot to be in the sun

son altos para su edad they're tall for their age

para lo que come, no está nada gordo considering how much he eats, he's not at all fat

díselo tú — ¡para el caso que me hacen …! you tell them — for all the notice they take of me …

para + INF:

para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent, considering it was completely off the cuff it was an excellent speech

¿quién se cree que es para hablarte así? who does she think she is, speaking to you like that o to speak to you like that?

para QUE + SUBJ:

son demasiado grandes para que les estés haciendo todo they're too old for you to be doing everything for them

para que se esté quejando todo el día … if he's going to spend all day complaining …

¡tanto preocuparse por ellos para que después hasta te acusen de metomentodo! all that worrying about them and then they go and accuse you of being a meddler!

C estar para algo/+ INF

(indicando estado): mira que no estoy para bromas look, I'm in no mood for joking o for jokes

estas botas están para tirarlas a la basura these boots are only fit for throwing out o for the trash o ( BrE) for the bin

no está (como) para salir tan de veranillo it's not warm enough to go out in such summery clothes

D

(expresando opiniones, puntos de vista): para mí que ya no viene if you ask me, he won't come now

para el padre, el niño es un Mozart en ciernes in the father's opinion o as far as the father's concerned, the boy is a budding Mozart

tú eres todo para mí you're everything to me

¿para ti qué es lo más importante? what's the most important thing for you?, what do you see as the most important thing?

esto es de gran interés para el lector this is of great interest to the reader

Sentido III

A

(indicando dirección): salieron para el aeropuerto they left for the airport

empuja para arriba push up o upward(s)

¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?

se los llevó para la casa de los abuelos she took them over to their grandparents' house

tráelo para acá/adentro bring it over here/inside

córrete para atrás move back

B

(en sentido figurado): ya vamos para viejos we're getting old o ( colloq) getting on

va para los 50 años she's pushing fifty ( colloq), she's going o ( BrE) getting on for fifty ( colloq)

Sentido IV (expresando relaciones de tiempo)

A

(señalando un plazo): tiene que estar listo para el día 15 it has to be ready by o for the 15th

¿qué deberes tienes para el lunes? what homework do you have for Monday?

son cinco para las diez ( AmL exc RPl) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]; it's five to ten

faltan cinco minutos para que termine la clase there are five minutes to go before the end of the class

me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised I could have it after Easter, he promised it to me for after Easter

¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?, how long will it take you to finish it?

B

1

(indicando fecha aproximada): piensan casarse para finales de agosto they plan to marry sometime around the end of August

para entonces quién sabe si todavía estaremos vivos who knows if we'll still be alive (by) then?

¿para cuándo espera? when is the baby due?

2 (indicando fecha fija) for

tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow

C

1

(expresando duración): para siempre forever

tengo para rato ( fam); I'm going to be a while (yet), this is going to take me a while (yet)

esto va para largo ( fam); this is going to take some time

2 (con idea de finalidad) for

¿qué le puedo regalar para el cumpleaños? what can I give him for his birthday?

D ( liter)

(en secuencias de acciones): se fue para nunca volver she went away never to return

fue puesto en libertad, para más tarde volver a ser detenido he was set free only to be rearrested later, he was set free but was rearrested later

* * *

Del verbo parar: ( conjugate parar)

para es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Del verbo parir: ( conjugate parir)

para es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
para
parar
parir
para preposición
1 (destino, finalidad, intención) for;
◊ una carta para él a letter for him;

¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?;
champú para bebés baby shampoo;
para eso no voy I might as well not go;
para + inf: ahorra para comprarse un coche he's saving up to buy a car;
tomé un taxi para no llegar tarde I took a taxi so I wouldn't be late;
está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting;
para aprobar (in order) to pass;
entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her;
lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me;
cierra para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us
2
a) ( suficiencia) for;

◊ no hay para todos there isn't enough for everybody;

no es para tanto it's not that bad;
soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it
b) (en comparaciones, contrastes):

◊ hace demasiado frío para salir it's too cold to go out;

son altos para su edad they're tall for their age;
para lo que come, no está gordo considering how much he eats, he's not fat;
¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?;
es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own
1 ( dirección):
◊ salieron para el aeropuerto they left for the airport;

empuja para arriba push up o upward(s);
¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?
2 ( tiempo)
a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo):

◊ estará listo para el día 15 it'll be ready by o for the 15th;

deberes para el lunes homework for Monday;
faltan cinco minutos para que termine there are five minutes to go before the end;
me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised me it for after Easter;
¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?;
para entonces estaré en Madrid I'll be in Madrid (by) then;
tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow
b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to;

◊ son cinco para las diez it's five to ten

c) ( duración):

◊ para siempre forever;

tengo para rato (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)
parar ( conjugate parar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( detenerse) to stop;
◊ paró en seco she stopped dead;

ir/venir a para to end up;
fue a para a la cárcel he ended up in prison;
¿a dónde habrá ido a para aquella foto? what can have happened to that photo?;
¡a dónde iremos a para! I don't know what the world's coming to
2 ( cesar) to stop;
◊ para un momento hang on a minute;

ha estado lloviendo sin para it hasn't stopped raining;
no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute;
no para en casa she's never at home;
para DE + INF to stop -ing;
paró de llover it stopped raining
3 (AmL) [obreros/empleados] to go on strike
verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹coche/tráfico/persona› to stop;

‹motor/máquina› to stop, switch off
b) ‹ hemorragia› to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)

c) ‹balón/tiro› to save, stop;

‹ golpe› to block, ward off
2 (AmL)
a) ( poner de pie) to stand

b) ( poner vertical) ‹vaso/libro› to stand … up;

◊ el perro paró las orejas the dog pricked up its ears

pararse verbo pronominal
1 ( detenerse)
a) [ persona] to stop

b) [reloj/máquina] to stop;

[coche/motor] to stall;
◊ se me paró el reloj my watch stopped

2
a) (AmL) ( ponerse de pie) to stand up;

◊ párate derecho stand up straight;

se paró en una silla she stood on a chair;
¿te puedes para de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
b) (AmL) [ pelo] ( hacia arriba) to stick up;

( en los lados) to stick out
c) (Méx, Ven) ( levantarse de la cama) to get up

parir ( conjugate parir) verbo intransitivo [ mujer] to give birth;
[ vaca] to calve;
[yegua/burra] to foal;
[ oveja] to lamb
verbo transitivo
a) [ mujer] to give birth to, have

b) [ mamíferos] to have, bear (frml)

para preposición
1 (utilidad, aptitud) for: ¿para qué tanto esfuerzo?, what's all this effort for?
una pomada para las quemaduras, an ointment for burns
una tijera para zurdos, a pair of scissors for left-handed people
2 (finalidad, motivo) to, in order to: lo dijo para molestarme, she said it to annoy me
lo hace para que te fijes en él, he does it so that you notice him
3 (destinatario) for: es para mamá, it's for mum
hablaba para los votantes indecisos, he spoke to the undecided voters
es muy atento para con ella, he's very obliging towards her
4 (opinión) para Paco todas las mujeres son guapas, in Paco's opinion, all women are pretty
5 (comparación, concesión) for: para ser tan joven tiene ideas muy sensatas, he has very sensible ideas for his age
6 (rechazo) para una vez que hablo, me haces callar, the one time I speak, you shut me up
7 (tiempo) by: estará listo para las cinco, it'll be ready by five
para entonces, by then
8 (a punto de) está para salir, it's about to leave
9 (dirección) el tren para Burgos acaba de salir, the train for Burgos has just left
iba para tu casa, I was going to your house
Recuerda que cuando para expresa finalidad, se traduce por to o in order to (este último sólo se usa para evitar confusión): Me voy para ayudarte. I'm going in order to help you. Si usáramos sólo to significaría: Voy a ayudarte. Sin embargo, cuando después de para viene un sustantivo o un pronombre y no un verbo (esta llave es para aquella puerta), se traduce por for ( this key is for that door).
parar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to stop: para de saltar, stop jumping
para un momento en la farmacia, stop a minute at the chemist's
no pares de hablar, por favor, keep talking, please
2 (alojarse) to stay
3 (finalizar, terminar) el cuadro fue a parar al rastro, the painting ended up in the flea market
II verbo transitivo
1 to stop
2 Dep to save
3 LAm to stand up
♦ Locuciones: dónde va a parar, by far: mi hija es muchísmo más inteligente que la suya, dónde va a parar, my daughter is far more intelligent than theirs
parir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to give birth (to)
♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a parir, to run sb down
' para' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abalorio
- ablandar
- abreviar
- absoluta
- absoluto
- acá
- aceitera
- achuchar
- actuación
- adentro
- agitador
- agitadora
- alcanzar
- alfiler
- alguna
- alguno
- aliento
- alquiler
- alta
- amenaza
- añadidura
- ancha
- ancho
- ánimo
- año
- antesala
- antirrobo
- aplanar
- aprovechar
- apta
- aptitud
- apto
- aquí
- arca
- arena
- arrastre
- arriba
- arropar
- atonía
- atrás
- atril
- aunar
- auspicio
- baja
- bajo
- balde
- bálsamo
- bañarse
- banco
English:
AA
- ability
- about
- accessory
- accommodate
- achieve
- activity
- adapter
- adaptor
- adequate
- adequately
- admire
- adult
- advantage
- advantageous
- advertise
- aftershave (lotion)
- agitate
- agree
- all
- all-out
- allocate
- analyst
- antiallergenic
- antibiotic
- antidote
- antihistamine
- antipollution
- appease
- application
- appointment
- appropriate
- aptitude
- argue
- arm-twisting
- arms control
- around-the clock
- arrangement
- arson
- as
- ASPCA
- assailant
- assert
- assess
- assume
- astir
- astonishment
- attain
- attention span
- attractive

* * *

para prep

1. [indica destino, finalidad, motivación] for;

es para ti it's for you;

significa mucho para mí it means a lot to me;

“¡qué suerte!” dije para mí “how lucky,” I said to myself;

una mesa para el salón a table for the living-room;

desayuno para dos breakfast for two;

crema para zapatos shoe polish;

pastillas para dormir sleeping pills;

están entrenados para el combate they have been trained for combat;

estudia para dentista she's studying to become a dentist;

esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink;

para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims;

lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you;

me voy para no causar más molestias I'll go so I don't cause you any more inconvenience;

te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand;

resulta que se divorcian para un mes más tarde volverse a casar so they get divorced, only to remarry a month later;

para con towards;

es buena para con los demás she is kind towards other people;

¿para qué? what for?;

¿para qué quieres un martillo? what do you want a hammer for?, why do you want a hammer?;

¿para qué has venido? why are you here?;

¿para quién trabajas? who do you work for?

2. [indica dirección] towards;

el próximo vuelo para Caracas the next flight to Caracas;

ir para casa to head (for) home;

salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport;

para abajo downwards;

para arriba upwards;

tira para arriba pull up o upwards;

para atrás backwards;

échate para atrás [en asiento] lean back;

para delante forwards;

ya vas para viejo you're getting old;

esta muchacha va para pintora this girl has all the makings of a painter

3. [indica tiempo] for;

tiene que estar acabado para mañana/para antes de Navidad it has to be finished by o for tomorrow/before Christmas;

faltan cinco minutos para que salga el tren the train leaves in five minutes;

tienen previsto casarse para el 17 de agosto they plan to get married on 17 August;

llevamos comida para varios días we have enough food for several days;
Am salvo RP
diez para las once ten to eleven;
Am salvo RP
un cuarto para las once (a) quarter to eleven;

va para un año que no nos vemos it's getting on for a year since we saw each other;

¿y para cuándo un bebé? and when are you going to start a family?;

para entonces by then

4. [indica comparación]
tiene la estatura adecuada para su edad she is the normal height for her age;

está muy delgado para lo que come he's very thin considering how much he eats;

para ser verano hace mucho frío considering it's summer, it's very cold;

para ser un principiante no lo hace mal he's not bad for a beginner;

para lo que me ha servido… for all the use it's been to me…;

¡tanto esfuerzo para nada! all that effort for nothing!;

¿y tú quién eres para tratarla así? who do you think you are, treating her like that?;

yo no soy quien para decir… it's not for me to say…

5. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo) [indica inminencia, propósito] to;

la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served;

el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win

6. [indica opinión] for;

para Marx, la religión era el opio del pueblo for Marx, religion was the opium of the people;

para mí/ti/ etc as far as I'm/you're/ etc concerned;

para mí que no van a venir it looks to me like they're not coming;

¿para ti quién es más guapo? who do you think is the most handsome?

7. [indica disposición, estado]
no estoy para fiestas I'm not in the mood for parties;

el abuelo no está ya para hacer viajes largos grandfather's no longer up to going on long journeys;

¿hace día para ir sin chaqueta? is it warm enough to go out without a jacket on?

8. [indica consecuencia]
para su sorpresa, para sorpresa suya to her surprise;

para alegría de todos to everyone's delight;

para nuestra desgracia unfortunately for us

9. Comp

no es/fue/ etc[m5]. para tanto it's not/it wasn't/ etc such a big deal;

no llores, que no es para tanto don't cry, it's not such a big deal, there's no need to cry about it;

dicen que les trataron mal, pero no fue para tanto they say they were ill-treated, but that's going a bit far;
Fam
que para qué: hace un calor que para qué it's absolutely boiling;

este plato pica que para qué this dish is really hot, Br this dish isn't half hot

* * *

para

prp

1 for;

para mí for me

2 dirección toward(s);

ir para head for;

va para directora she’s going to end up as manager

3 tiempo for;

listo para mañana ready for tomorrow;

para siempre forever;

diez para las ocho L.Am. ten of eight, ten to eight;

para Pascua iremos de vacaciones a Lima we’re going to Lima for Easter;

espero que para Pascua haya terminado la crisis I hope the crisis is over by Easter;

¿para cuándo? when for?

4 finalidad

:

lo hace para ayudarte he does it (in order) to help you;

para que so that;

¿para qué te marchas? what are you leaving for?;

para eso no hace falta it’s not necessary just for that

5 en comparaciones

:

para su edad es muy maduro he’s very mature for his age

6

:

lo heredó todo para morir a los 30 he inherited it all, only to die at 30

* * *

para prep

1) : for

para ti: for you

alta para su edad: tall for her age

una cita para el lunes: an appointment for Monday

2) : to, towards

para la derecha: to the right

van para el río: they're heading towards the river

3) : to, in order to

lo hace para molestarte: he does it to annoy you

4) : around, by (a time)

para mañana estarán listos: they'll be ready by tomorrow

5)

para adelante : forwards

6)

para atrás : backwards

7)

para que : so, so that, in order that

te lo digo para que sepas: I'm telling you so you'll know

* * *

para prep

1. (en general) for

una carta para el director a letter for the manager

está muy alto para su edad he's very tall for his age

jarabe para la tos cough medicine

2. (seguido de infinitivo) to

he venido para hablar contigo I have come to talk to you

para no despertar al niño so as not to wake the baby up

3. (seguido de subjuntivo) so that

cierra la puerta para que no entre el perro shut the door so that the dog doesn't get in

4. (dirección) for / to

salgo para Madrid dentro de una hora I'm leaving for Madrid in an hour

me voy para casa I'm going home

5. (tiempo) by

lo quiero para el viernes I want it by Friday

para mí for me / in my opinion

Spanish-English dictionary > para
5 futuro

adj.

future, forthcoming, unborn.

m.

1 future, future time, future-to-be.

2 future, future tense.

3 prospect, future possibilities.

* * *

futuro

► adjetivo

1 future

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (prometido) fiancé, intended; (prometida) fiancée, intended

► nombre masculino futuro

1 future

► nombre masculino plural futuros

1 (financieros) futures

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en un futuro próximo in the near future

futuro imperfecto future

futuro perfecto future perfect

————————

futuro

► nombre masculino

1 future

► nombre masculino plural

* * *
1. noun m.
future
2. (f. - futura)
adj.

future

* * *
futuro, -a
1.

ADJ future

futura madre — mother-to-be

los equipos más futuros son A y B — the teams with the best prospects are A and B

2.

SM / F * fiancé/fiancée

3. SM

1) future

en el futuro — in (the) future

en lo futuro, en un futuro — some time in the future

en un futuro próximo — in the near future

el futuro se presenta muy oscuro — the future looks bleak

a futuro — Chile in the future

2) (Ling) future (tense)

3) pl futuros (Com) futures
futura
* * *
I
- ra adjetivo < presidente> future (before n)

las futuras generaciones — future generations

la futura mamá — the mother-to-be

mi futura esposa — my bride-to-be
II
masculino

1) ( porvenir) future

¿qué nos deparará el futuro? — what will the future bring?

en un futuro cercano or próximo — in the near future

en el or en lo futuro — in future

un empleo con/sin futuro — a job with good prospects/with no prospects

su relación no tiene futuro — their relationship has no future

2) (Ling) future (tense)
III
- ra masculino, femenino (fam & hum) intended (colloq & hum)

* * *

= forthcoming, future, intending, prospect, would-be + Nombre, outlook, coming, horizon, long haul, prospective, yet-to-be, future ahead, intended.

Ex. Following internal discussion, it was agreed that a new library should be given the University's top priority in any forthcoming capital building project.

Ex. The use of a scheme in centrally or co-operatively produced catalogue records can also be important in establishing its future.

Ex. The intending borrower merely specifies a search key for the item he wishes to borrow, and the system provides a bibliographic description.

Ex. At the time OCLC started, there was no prospect for a national authority file.

Ex. The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.

Ex. In their first review article of children's reference books in 1982, the School Library Journal's Review Committe for children's reference books presents a bleak outlook.

Ex. I have myself seen, in a northern market, a bookstall where the stall-holder had over a dozen old shoeboxes under the counter in which each month the ten new titles were placed so that the customers could buy the whole new range gradually over the coming month.

Ex. Barbara Tillett's vision of one seamless bibliographic system, either real or virtual, looks realizable over a 5 to 10 year horizon.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Legacy for the long haul' = El artículo se titula "El patrimonio para el futuro".

Ex. The advocacy of title entry for serials implies an ideology which focuses on the publication as the principal object of interest of the prospective library user rather than the work conveyed by the book or publication.

Ex. If the past is an indicator, current, emerging and yet-to-be Web features and functionalities will have a significant impact on the content and publishing of serials.

Ex. The road of special librarianship was branching, and in order to succeed members had to look down both forks in order to be best prepared for the future ahead.

Ex. In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.

----

* acondicionado para el futuro = future-proof.

* adivinación del futuro = fortune telling.

* adivinar el futuro = fortune telling.

* anticipar el futuro = anticipate + the future.

* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.

* con futuro = up-and-coming.

* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.

* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].

* con visión de futuro = far-sighted, forward-thinking, far-seeing, long-sighted.

* ¿cuál es el futuro de? = quo vadis.

* del futuro = of the years to come, yet to come.

* determinar el futuro = shape + the future.

* donación futura = planned giving.

* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.

* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.

* encarar el futuro = face up to + the future.

* en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.

* en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.

* en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.

* en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.

* en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.

* en el futuro lejano = further in the future.

* enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.

* en un futuro cercano = in the near future.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un futuro muy cercano = in the very near future.

* en un futuro no muy distante = in the not too distant future.

* en un futuro no muy lejano = in the not too distant future, in the near future.

* en un futuro próximo = in the near future.

* esperar en el futuro = be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.

* falta de visión de futuro = shortsightedness, nearsightedness [near-sightedness], myopia.

* falto de visión de futuro = myopic.

* forjar el futuro = forge + the future, shape + the future.

* futura generación = future generation.

* futuro + aguardar = future + hold.

* futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.

* futuro cercano, el = near future, the.

* futuro + deparar = future + hold, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.

* futuro, el = years ahead, the, road ahead, the.

* futuro esposo = bridegroom, husband-to-be.

* futuro + estar + en + Posesivo + manos = future + be + in + Posesivo + hands.

* futuro incierto = uncertain future.

* futuro inmediato = immediate future.

* futuro inmediato, el = near future, the.

* futuro marido = bridegroom, husband-to-be.

* futuro previsible = foreseeable future.

* futuro profesional = professional future.

* futuro prometedor = bright future.

* hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.

* hacia el futuro = onward(s).

* hay que mirar hacia el futuro = the show must go on.

* hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.

* hipotecar el futuro = mortgage + the future.

* labrar el futuro = shape + the future.

* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.

* mirar hacia el futuro = look forward, look + ahead.

* Nombre + futuro = further + Nombre.

* ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.

* para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.

* para futuras consultas = for future reference.

* para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.

* para un futuro mejor = for a better future.

* perspectivas de futuro = future prospects, future perspectives, future development(s), future opportunities.

* perspectivas futuras = future perspectives, future opportunities.

* planificación para el futuro = future proofing.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* posibilidades de futuro = future possibilities.

* predecir el futuro = gaze into + crystal ball.

* preparación para el futuro = future proofing.

* preparado para el futuro = future-proof.

* preparar para el futuro = future-proof.

* prepararse para el futuro = embrace + the future.

* previsión de futuro = future proofing.

* previsiones para el futuro = future development(s).

* pronósticos de futuro = future predictions.

* proyectar hacia el futuro = project + ahead.

* repercutir en el futuro = shape + the future.

* salto hacia el futuro = leap into + the future.

* salvaguardar el futuro = safeguard + the future.

* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.

* vida futura = future life.

* visión de futuro = foresight, future vision, farsightedness [far-sightedness], vision, vision into the future.

* visión del futuro = insight into the future.

* * *
I
- ra adjetivo < presidente> future (before n)

las futuras generaciones — future generations

la futura mamá — the mother-to-be

mi futura esposa — my bride-to-be
II
masculino

1) ( porvenir) future

¿qué nos deparará el futuro? — what will the future bring?

en un futuro cercano or próximo — in the near future

en el or en lo futuro — in future

un empleo con/sin futuro — a job with good prospects/with no prospects

su relación no tiene futuro — their relationship has no future

2) (Ling) future (tense)
III
- ra masculino, femenino (fam & hum) intended (colloq & hum)

* * *

el futuro

(n.) = years ahead, the, road ahead, the

Ex: It is believed that the years ahead will see an increase in such programs.

Ex: The conference topic, the future of library and information studies education, was a means for determining the road ahead through the three Cs of continuity, culture and competition.

= forthcoming, future, intending, prospect, would-be + Nombre, outlook, coming, horizon, long haul, prospective, yet-to-be, future ahead, intended.

Ex: Following internal discussion, it was agreed that a new library should be given the University's top priority in any forthcoming capital building project.

Ex: The use of a scheme in centrally or co-operatively produced catalogue records can also be important in establishing its future.

Ex: The intending borrower merely specifies a search key for the item he wishes to borrow, and the system provides a bibliographic description.

Ex: At the time OCLC started, there was no prospect for a national authority file.

Ex: The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.

Ex: In their first review article of children's reference books in 1982, the School Library Journal's Review Committe for children's reference books presents a bleak outlook.

Ex: I have myself seen, in a northern market, a bookstall where the stall-holder had over a dozen old shoeboxes under the counter in which each month the ten new titles were placed so that the customers could buy the whole new range gradually over the coming month.

Ex: Barbara Tillett's vision of one seamless bibliographic system, either real or virtual, looks realizable over a 5 to 10 year horizon.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Legacy for the long haul' = El artículo se titula "El patrimonio para el futuro".

Ex: The advocacy of title entry for serials implies an ideology which focuses on the publication as the principal object of interest of the prospective library user rather than the work conveyed by the book or publication.

Ex: If the past is an indicator, current, emerging and yet-to-be Web features and functionalities will have a significant impact on the content and publishing of serials.

Ex: The road of special librarianship was branching, and in order to succeed members had to look down both forks in order to be best prepared for the future ahead.

Ex: In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.

* acondicionado para el futuro = future-proof.

* adivinación del futuro = fortune telling.

* adivinar el futuro = fortune telling.

* anticipar el futuro = anticipate + the future.

* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.

* con futuro = up-and-coming.

* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.

* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].

* con visión de futuro = far-sighted, forward-thinking, far-seeing, long-sighted.

* ¿cuál es el futuro de? = quo vadis.

* del futuro = of the years to come, yet to come.

* determinar el futuro = shape + the future.

* donación futura = planned giving.

* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.

* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.

* encarar el futuro = face up to + the future.

* en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.

* en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.

* en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.

* en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.

* en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.

* en el futuro lejano = further in the future.

* enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.

* en un futuro cercano = in the near future.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un futuro muy cercano = in the very near future.

* en un futuro no muy distante = in the not too distant future.

* en un futuro no muy lejano = in the not too distant future, in the near future.

* en un futuro próximo = in the near future.

* esperar en el futuro = be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.

* falta de visión de futuro = shortsightedness, nearsightedness [near-sightedness], myopia.

* falto de visión de futuro = myopic.

* forjar el futuro = forge + the future, shape + the future.

* futura generación = future generation.

* futuro + aguardar = future + hold.

* futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.

* futuro cercano, el = near future, the.

* futuro + deparar = future + hold, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.

* futuro, el = years ahead, the, road ahead, the.

* futuro esposo = bridegroom, husband-to-be.

* futuro + estar + en + Posesivo + manos = future + be + in + Posesivo + hands.

* futuro incierto = uncertain future.

* futuro inmediato = immediate future.

* futuro inmediato, el = near future, the.

* futuro marido = bridegroom, husband-to-be.

* futuro previsible = foreseeable future.

* futuro profesional = professional future.

* futuro prometedor = bright future.

* hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.

* hacia el futuro = onward(s).

* hay que mirar hacia el futuro = the show must go on.

* hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.

* hipotecar el futuro = mortgage + the future.

* labrar el futuro = shape + the future.

* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.

* mirar hacia el futuro = look forward, look + ahead.

* Nombre + futuro = further + Nombre.

* ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.

* para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.

* para futuras consultas = for future reference.

* para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.

* para un futuro mejor = for a better future.

* perspectivas de futuro = future prospects, future perspectives, future development(s), future opportunities.

* perspectivas futuras = future perspectives, future opportunities.

* planificación para el futuro = future proofing.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* posibilidades de futuro = future possibilities.

* predecir el futuro = gaze into + crystal ball.

* preparación para el futuro = future proofing.

* preparado para el futuro = future-proof.

* preparar para el futuro = future-proof.

* prepararse para el futuro = embrace + the future.

* previsión de futuro = future proofing.

* previsiones para el futuro = future development(s).

* pronósticos de futuro = future predictions.

* proyectar hacia el futuro = project + ahead.

* repercutir en el futuro = shape + the future.

* salto hacia el futuro = leap into + the future.

* salvaguardar el futuro = safeguard + the future.

* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.

* vida futura = future life.

* visión de futuro = foresight, future vision, farsightedness [far-sightedness], vision, vision into the future.

* visión del futuro = insight into the future.

* * *

futuro¹ -ra

adjective

‹presidente› future ( before n)

iré a verlo en un futuro viaje I'll call on him another time o on another trip o on a future trip

las futuras generaciones future generations

todo para la futura mamá everything for the mother-to-be

mi futura esposa my bride-to-be

futuro²

masculine

A (porvenir) future

¿qué nos deparará el futuro? what will the future bring?

en un futuro cercano or próximo in the near future

en el or en lo futuro, llama antes de venir in future o another time, call before you come over

un empleo con/sin futuro a job with good prospects/with no prospects

su relación no tiene ningún futuro there's no future in their relationship, their relationship has no future

a futuro ( Chi); in the future

B ( Ling) future, future tense

C futuros mpl ( Econ, Fin) futures (pl)

futuro³ -ra

masculine, feminine

( fam hum); intended ( colloq hum)

todavía no me has presentado a tu futura you still haven't introduced me to your intended, you still haven't introduced me to the future Mrs Moffatt ( o Mrs Britton etc)

* * *

futuro 1
◊ -ra adjetivo

future ( before n);
las futuras generaciones future generations;
la futura mamá the mother-to-be
futuro 2 sustantivo masculino
1 ( porvenir) future;
◊ ¿qué nos deparará el futuro? what will the future bring?;

en un futuro cercano or próximo in the near future;
en el or en lo futuro in future;
un empleo con/sin futuro a job with good prospects/with no prospects;
su relación no tiene futuro their relationship has no future
2 (Ling) future (tense)
futuro,-a
I adjetivo future
II sustantivo masculino future
' futuro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amenaza
- auspiciar
- esplendorosa
- esplendoroso
- futura
- halagüeña
- halagüeño
- labrarse
- poder
- preocupar
- visión
- ya
- augurar
- buenaventura
- clarividente
- después
- encarar
- enfrentar
- esperar
- inseguro
- ir
- lejano
- lejos
- luego
- mientras
- previsor
- resolver
- ser
English:
affect
- ahead
- be
- bleak
- brighten
- certain
- definite
- dim
- dismal
- doubtful
- early
- employ
- far
- finished
- foreseeable
- foretell
- future
- gonna
- hereafter
- hold
- immediate
- improbable
- near
- nowhere
- prospect
- prospective
- remind
- shall
- shape
- short-sighted
- site
- stake
- store
- tense
- think ahead
- to
- vision
- will
- yet
- beyond
- dead
- look
- perfect
- scrap
- time
- -to-be

* * *

futuro, -a

♦ adj

1. [venidero] future;

el futuro sucesor del rey the king's heir;

su futura esposa his wife-to-be;

no cree que haya una vida futura he doesn't believe in an afterlife;

mi futura cuñada my future sister-in-law;

generaciones futuras future generations

2. Gram future

♦ nm

1. [tiempo] future;

en el futuro… in future…;

en un futuro cercano in the near future;

sin futuro with no future, without prospects;

ese negocio no tiene futuro there's no future in that business

2. Gram future;

en futuro in the future (tense)

Comp
futuro imperfecto (simple) future (tense);
futuro perfecto future perfect

3. Fin
futuros futures

Comp
futuros financieros financial futures
♦ nm,f
Fam [novio] intended;
¿cuándo me vas a presentar a tu futura? when are you going to introduce me to your intended?

♦ a futuro loc adv
CSur, Méx in the future;
eso lo veremos a futuro we'll see about that in the future o at some future date

* * *

futuro

I adj future atr

II m future;

en el futuro in (the) future

* * *

futuro, -ra adj

: future

futuro nm

porvenir: future

* * *

futuro¹ adj future

futuro² n future

en el futuro (más adelante) in the future (la próxima vez) in future

Spanish-English dictionary > futuro
6 formación

f.

1 formation, creation, constitution.

2 formation, training, education, up-bringing.

3 formation, line-up, order.

* * *

formación

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) formation

2 (educación) upbringing

3 (enseñanza) education, training

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en formación MILITAR in formation

formación musical musical training

formación profesional vocational training

formación universitaria university education

* * *

noun f.

1) formation

2) training

* * *

SF

1) (=creación) [gen] formation

para prevenir la formación de hielo — to prevent ice (from) forming, to prevent the formation of ice frm

se anunció la formación de un nuevo partido — it was announced that a new party is to be formed

la formación de palabras — word formation

la Europa que está en formación — the Europe that is taking shape o that is in formation

2) (=aprendizaje) [en un campo concreto] training; [en conocimientos teóricos] education

tenía una formación musical clásica — she trained as a classical musician, she had a classical musical training

nuestro objetivo es la formación de personal técnico — our aim is to train technical staff

la formación del profesorado — teacher training

se nota que tiene formación universitaria — you can tell he's had a university education o background

formación laboral, formación ocupacional — occupational training

formación profesional — vocational training

3) (=grupo) [político] party; [militar] group; [musical] group, band; [de jugadores] squad

las dos principales formaciones de izquierda — the two main left-wing parties

las grandes formaciones sinfónicas europeas — the great European symphony orchestras

no ha anunciado todavía la formación del equipo — he hasn't announced the squad yet

formación política — political party

4) (Mil)

en formación — in formation

en formación de combate — in battle o combat formation

5) (Geol, Bot) formation

* * *

femenino

1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation

2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

3) (Mil) formation

formación de combate — combat formation

4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training

tiene una buena formación — she has had a good education

el período de formación — the training period

•

- formación profesional or vocacional

* * *

= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.

Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.

Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.

Ex. All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.

Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.

----

* área de formación = teaching unit.

* beca de formación = in-service training.

* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.

* curso de formación = training course.

* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.

* departamento de formación = teaching unit.

* escuela de formación = training school.

* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.

* formación académica = academic background, formal education.

* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.

* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.

* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.

* formación continua del personal = staff development.

* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.

* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).

* formación de ampollas = blistering.

* formación de burbujas = blistering.

* formación de grumos = caking.

* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.

* formación de hielo = icing.

* formación de la colección = collection building.

* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.

* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* formación de piquetes = picketing.

* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.

* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.

* formación documental = information education.

* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.

* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.

* formación en enfermería = nursing education.

* formación en informática = computer literacy.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* formación geológica = geological formation.

* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.

* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.

* formación nubosa = cloud cover.

* formación ocupacional = work education.

* formación paternal = parenting education.

* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.

* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.

* formación reglada = formal education.

* formación requerida = job specs.

* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.

* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* proceso de formación = instructional process.

* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.

* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* sin formación = ill-educated.

* sin formación previa = untrained.

* * *

femenino

1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation

2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

3) (Mil) formation

formación de combate — combat formation

4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training

tiene una buena formación — she has had a good education

el período de formación — the training period

•

- formación profesional or vocacional

* * *

= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.

Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.

Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.

Ex: All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.

Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.

* área de formación = teaching unit.

* beca de formación = in-service training.

* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.

* curso de formación = training course.

* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.

* departamento de formación = teaching unit.

* escuela de formación = training school.

* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.

* formación académica = academic background, formal education.

* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.

* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.

* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.

* formación continua del personal = staff development.

* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.

* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).

* formación de ampollas = blistering.

* formación de burbujas = blistering.

* formación de grumos = caking.

* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.

* formación de hielo = icing.

* formación de la colección = collection building.

* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.

* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* formación de piquetes = picketing.

* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.

* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.

* formación documental = information education.

* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.

* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.

* formación en enfermería = nursing education.

* formación en informática = computer literacy.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* formación geológica = geological formation.

* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.

* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.

* formación nubosa = cloud cover.

* formación ocupacional = work education.

* formación paternal = parenting education.

* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.

* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.

* formación reglada = formal education.

* formación requerida = job specs.

* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.

* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* proceso de formación = instructional process.

* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.

* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* sin formación = ill-educated.

* sin formación previa = untrained.

* * *

formación

feminine

A (proceso)

1 (de las rocas, nubes) formation

2 (de un grupo, gobierno) formation

3 (de palabras, frases) formation

B ( Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

C ( Mil) formation

formación de combate combat formation

D (adiestramiento) training; (educación recibida) education

la formación del carácter the formation of the character

el período de formación the training period

tiene una buena formación literaria she has had a good literary education

Compuesto:

formación profesional or (CS) vocacional

professional o vocational training

estudiantes de formación profesional or vocacional ≈ students at technical college

Formación Profesional - FP (↑ formación a1)

* * *

formación sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) formation;
◊ la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government

2 ( educación recibida) education;
( para trabajo) training;
formación profesional or (CS) vocacional professional o vocational training
formación sustantivo femenino
1 formation
2 (crianza) upbringing
3 (instrucción) training
formación profesional, vocational training, occupational training
' formación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
enseñanza
- FP
- práctica
- preparación
English:
background
- development
- formation
- on-the-job
- shall
- should
- staff training
- teacher-training
- training
- training course
- training manual
- vocational
- parade
- teacher
- technical
- untrained

* * *

formación nf

1. [creación] formation;

la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government;
Ling
la formación de palabras word formation

2. [educación] training;

la formación de los jóvenes es prioritaria para combatir el desempleo it is extremely important to train young people in order to combat unemployment;

recibió una formación clásica he received a traditional education;

sin formación académica with little formal education

Comp
formación en alternancia sandwich courses;
formación continua in-service training;

formación de formadores training of trainers;

formación ocupacional vocational o occupational training;

formación pedagógica teacher training;

formación profesional [ocupacional] = vocational o occupational training;
[ciclo educativo] = vocationally orientated secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 14-18, currently being phased out
3. [equipo] team;
[alineación] line-up;
formación política political party

4. Mil formation;

marchar en formación to march in formation

5. Geol formation;

una formación rocosa a rock formation;

esta zona presenta formaciones calcáreas there are limestone formations in this area

* * *

formación

f

1 de palabras, asociación formation

2 ( entrenamiento) training;

alumno de formación profesional student doing a vocational course

* * *

formación nf, pl - ciones

1) : formation

2) : training

formación profesional: vocational training

* * *

formación n

1. (proceso) formation

2. (enseñanza) education

formación profesional vocational training

Spanish-English dictionary > formación
7 impulsar

v.

1 to propel, to drive.

2 to stimulate (promocionar) (economía).

impulsar las relaciones Norte-Sur to promote North-South relations

las claves que impulsan el sector the key drivers for the industry

3 to encourage, to foster, to urge, to drive.

Ricardo impulsa a su equipo Richard encourages his team.

4 to impulse, to propel, to motor.

Su tecnología impulsa el programa His technology impulses the program.

5 to boost, to drive, to force, to give a boost.

Su energía impulsa a María His energy impels Mary.

* * *

impulsar

► verbo transitivo

1 to impel

2 TÉCNICA to drive forward

3 (potenciar) to promote

4 (incitar) to drive

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

impulsar a alguien a hacer algo to drive somebody to do something

* * *

verb

1) to impel

2) drive

* * *

VT

1) (Mec) to drive, propel

2) [+ persona] to drive, impel

impulsado por el miedo — driven (on) by fear

3) [+ deporte, inversión] to promote

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <motor/vehículo> to propel, drive

b) < persona> to drive

se sintió impulsada a decírselo — she felt impelled to tell him

c) <comercio, producción> to boost, give a boost to

para impulsar las relaciones culturales — in order to promote cultural relations

* * *

= further, impel, propel, thrust forward, drive, mobilise [mobilize, -USA], pioneer, give + impetus, power, jump-start [jump start], kick-start [kickstart], forward.

Ex. IFLA's International Office for Universal Bibliographic Control was established in order to further international control of bibliographic records.

Ex. We have already been impelled toward a definition of the future catalog by forces not especially conducive to its development into a more effective instrument.

Ex. A magnetic field propels the bubbles in the right direction through the film.

Ex. The acid rain literature illustrated the 1st paradigm, where journals from the unadjusted literature were thrust forward in the adjusted literature, and no unadjusted journal fell into obscurity.

Ex. The notation 796.33 is used for sporst involving an inflated ball propelled ( driven) by foot.

Ex. It is time for all librarians to change their attitudes and become involved, to seek funds and mobilise civic organisations and businesses in cooperative efforts.

Ex. Icons, or pictorial representations of objects in systems, were pioneered by Xerox.

Ex. Two concepts given much impetus lately through the increasing study of sociology have been 'communication' and 'class'.

Ex. The other method was to increase the effective size of the press by using a cylindrical platen, powered either by hand or by steam.

Ex. Jump-start your learning experience by participating in 1 or 2 half-day seminars that will help you come up to speed on the new vocabularies, processes and architectures underlying effective content management.

Ex. Shock tactics are sometimes necessary in order to expose injustice and kick-start the process of reform.

Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

----

* impulsado por energía eólica = wind-powered.

* impulsar a = galvanise into.

* impulsar a la acción = galvanise into + action.

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <motor/vehículo> to propel, drive

b) < persona> to drive

se sintió impulsada a decírselo — she felt impelled to tell him

c) <comercio, producción> to boost, give a boost to

para impulsar las relaciones culturales — in order to promote cultural relations

* * *

= further, impel, propel, thrust forward, drive, mobilise [mobilize, -USA], pioneer, give + impetus, power, jump-start [jump start], kick-start [kickstart], forward.

Ex: IFLA's International Office for Universal Bibliographic Control was established in order to further international control of bibliographic records.

Ex: We have already been impelled toward a definition of the future catalog by forces not especially conducive to its development into a more effective instrument.

Ex: A magnetic field propels the bubbles in the right direction through the film.

Ex: The acid rain literature illustrated the 1st paradigm, where journals from the unadjusted literature were thrust forward in the adjusted literature, and no unadjusted journal fell into obscurity.

Ex: The notation 796.33 is used for sporst involving an inflated ball propelled ( driven) by foot.

Ex: It is time for all librarians to change their attitudes and become involved, to seek funds and mobilise civic organisations and businesses in cooperative efforts.

Ex: Icons, or pictorial representations of objects in systems, were pioneered by Xerox.

Ex: Two concepts given much impetus lately through the increasing study of sociology have been 'communication' and 'class'.

Ex: The other method was to increase the effective size of the press by using a cylindrical platen, powered either by hand or by steam.

Ex: Jump-start your learning experience by participating in 1 or 2 half-day seminars that will help you come up to speed on the new vocabularies, processes and architectures underlying effective content management.

Ex: Shock tactics are sometimes necessary in order to expose injustice and kick-start the process of reform.

Ex: In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

* impulsado por energía eólica = wind-powered.

* impulsar a = galvanise into.

* impulsar a la acción = galvanise into + action.

* * *

impulsar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹motor/vehículo› to propel, drive

el viento impulsa la nave the wind propels the ship

2 ‹persona› to drive

el motivo que lo impulsó a hacerlo the motive that drove him to do it

se sintió impulsada a decírselo she felt impelled to tell him

3 ‹comercio› to boost, give a boost to

para impulsar las relaciones culturales in order to promote cultural relations

quieren impulsar la iniciativa they are trying to give impetus to o to boost the initiative

* * *

impulsar ( conjugate impulsar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹motor/vehículo› to propel, drive

b) ‹ persona› to drive

c) ‹comercio, producción› to boost, give a boost to;

‹cultura/relaciones› to promote
impulsar verbo transitivo
1 to impel, drive: el viento impulsa la cometa, the kite is driven by the wind
2 (estimular) to motivate: sus palabras de ánimo me impulsaron a seguir, his words of encouragement inspired me to go on
' impulsar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
animar
- llevar
English:
drive
- fuel
- galvanize
- impel
- paddle
- power

* * *

impulsar vt

1. [empujar] to propel, to drive

2. [incitar]
impulsar a alguien (a algo) to drive sb (to sth);

¿qué te impulsó a marcharte? what drove you to leave?

3. [promocionar] [economía] to stimulate;
[amistad] to foster;
debemos impulsar las relaciones Norte-Sur we should promote North-South relations;

las claves que impulsan el sector the key drivers for the industry

* * *

impulsar

v/t

1 TÉC propel

2 COM, fig

boost

* * *

impulsar vt

: to propel, to drive

* * *

impulsar vb

1. (empujar) to drive forward [pt. drove; pp. driven]

la fuerza del motor impulsa al coche the power of the engine drives the car forward

2. (animar) to encourage

su facilidad para la música le impulsó a componer his talent for music encouraged him to compose

3. (promover) to boost / to stimulate

impulsar la creación de empleo to boost job creation

Spanish-English dictionary > impulsar
8 adquisición

f.

acquisition, buy, purchase, acquirement.

* * *

adquisición

► nombre femenino

1 acquisition (compra) buy, purchase

* * *

noun f.

1) acquisition

2) purchase

* * *

SF

1) (=compra) acquisition, purchase

he hecho unas nuevas adquisiciones — I've made some new acquisitions o purchases

una casa de reciente adquisición — a newly-purchased house
oferta
2) (=artículo comprado) acquisition

una de las mejores adquisiciones del museo — one of the museum's finest acquisitions

este televisor ha sido una buena adquisición — the television has been a good buy

3) (=persona) acquisition

la última adquisición del Atlético — Atlético's latest signing o acquisition

la cocinera ha sido una auténtica adquisición — * the cook is a real find *

4) [de conocimientos, datos] acquisition

problemas en la adquisición de un idioma extranjero — problems in foreign language acquisition

5) [de costumbres] adoption

* * *

femenino

a) (objeto, cosa) acquisition

fue una buena adquisición — it was a good buy

b) ( acción) acquisition

es de reciente adquisición — it is a recent acquisition o purchase

la adquisición de la casa — the purchase of the house

* * *

= accession, acquisition, acquisition, procurement, purchase, elicitation, buy-in, getting.

Ex. Subject to local circumstances, the size of a reserve store should be limited to the accommodation required for about five years' accessions at current rates.

Ex. Almost inevitably then, many libraries will have acquisitions for which records are not available in a centralised cataloguing service.

Ex. Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex. In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.

Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex. Procedures of knowledge elicitation are described.

Ex. The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.

Ex. I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.

----

* adquisición cooperativa = cooperative acquisition.

* adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.

* adquisición en línea = online acquisition.

* adquisición gratuita = free acquisition.

* adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.

* adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.

* adquisición por legado = bequest acquisition.

* adquisición por ordenador = computerised acquisition.

* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.

* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).

* basado en la adquisición de contenidos teóricos = content based.

* bibliotecario encargado de las adquisiciones = acquisitions librarian.

* centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.

* condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición y = terms of availability and/or price.

* control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.

* departamento de adquisiciones = acquisitions department.

* fichero de adquisiciones = acquisition(s) file.

* lista de nuevas adquisiciones = acquisitions list.

* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.

* módulo de adquisiciones = acquisitions system, acquisitions module.

* Módulo de Adquisiciones y Pedidos = Acquisitions and Ordering System.

* número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.

* plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.

* plan de adquisiciones = acquisitions plan.

* política de adquisiciones = acquisition policy [acquisitions policy], collection development [collections development], selection policy, collection policy.

* presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.

* presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.

* Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).

* sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.

* servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.

* * *

femenino

a) (objeto, cosa) acquisition

fue una buena adquisición — it was a good buy

b) ( acción) acquisition

es de reciente adquisición — it is a recent acquisition o purchase

la adquisición de la casa — the purchase of the house

* * *

= accession, acquisition, acquisition, procurement, purchase, elicitation, buy-in, getting.

Ex: Subject to local circumstances, the size of a reserve store should be limited to the accommodation required for about five years' accessions at current rates.

Ex: Almost inevitably then, many libraries will have acquisitions for which records are not available in a centralised cataloguing service.

Ex: Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex: In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.

Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex: Procedures of knowledge elicitation are described.

Ex: The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.

Ex: I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.

* adquisición cooperativa = cooperative acquisition.

* adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.

* adquisición en línea = online acquisition.

* adquisición gratuita = free acquisition.

* adquisición pendiente de examen y aceptación = on approval acquisition, sending on approbation, sending on approval.

* adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.

* adquisición por legado = bequest acquisition.

* adquisición por ordenador = computerised acquisition.

* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.

* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).

* basado en la adquisición de contenidos teóricos = content based.

* bibliotecario encargado de las adquisiciones = acquisitions librarian.

* centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.

* condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición y = terms of availability and/or price.

* control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.

* departamento de adquisiciones = acquisitions department.

* fichero de adquisiciones = acquisition(s) file.

* lista de nuevas adquisiciones = acquisitions list.

* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.

* módulo de adquisiciones = acquisitions system, acquisitions module.

* Módulo de Adquisiciones y Pedidos = Acquisitions and Ordering System.

* número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.

* plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.

* plan de adquisiciones = acquisitions plan.

* política de adquisiciones = acquisition policy [acquisitions policy], collection development [collections development], selection policy, collection policy.

* presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.

* presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.

* Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).

* sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.

* servicio de adquisiciones = acquisition routines, acquisition(s) service.

* * *

adquisición

feminine

1 (objeto, cosa) acquisition

¿has visto mi última adquisición? have you seen my latest acquisition o purchase?

la última adquisición de los Lakers ( Dep) the Lakers' latest acquisition

este coche ha sido una buena adquisición this car was a good buy

2

(acción): la adquisición de la casa the purchase of the house

la adquisición de la lengua materna acquisition of the mother tongue

el Picasso es de reciente adquisición the Picasso is a recent acquisition o purchase

Compuesto:

adquisición apalancada

leveraged buyout

* * *

adquisición sustantivo femenino
acquisition;
( compra) purchase
adquisición sustantivo femenino
1 acquisition
2 (compra) buy, purchase
' adquisición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
OPA
English:
acquisition
- takeover bid
- accession
- purchase
- take

* * *

adquisición nf

1. [compra] purchase;

ayudas para la adquisición de viviendas financial assistance for house buyers

2. [de empresa] takeover

3. [cosa comprada] purchase;

nuestra casa fue una excelente adquisición our house was an excellent buy

4. [de hábito, cultura] acquisition;

adquisición de conocimientos acquisition of knowledge

Comp
Ling adquisición lingüística language acquisition
5. Fam [persona]
el nuevo secretario es toda una adquisición the new secretary is quite a find

* * *

adquisición

f acquisition;

hacer una buena adquisición make a good purchase;

gastos de adquisición acquisition costs;

adquisición de clientes client acquisition

* * *

adquisición nf, pl - ciones

1) : acquisition

2) compra: purchase

Spanish-English dictionary > adquisición
9 alterar

v.

1 to alter (to change).

alterar el orden de las palabras to change the order of the words

esto altera nuestros planes that changes our plans

Alteré las medidas I altered the measurements.

Su petulancia alteró a Elsa His petulance altered Elsa.

2 to agitate, to fluster (perturbar) (person).

le alteran mucho los cambios change upsets him a lot

3 to disrupt.

fue detenido por alterar el orden público he was arrested for causing a breach of the peace

* * *

alterar

► verbo transitivo

1 (cambiar) to change, modify, alter

■ alteró nuestros planes he changed our plans

2 (estropear) to spoil, upset; (comida) to make go off, turn bad

■ el calor altera la leche heat makes milk go off

■ drogas que alteran la percepción drugs which distort one's perception

3 (enfadar) to annoy, upset

■ todo le altera the slightest thing upsets him

4 (inquietar) to unnerve, make feel restless

► verbo pronominal alterarse

1 (cambiar) to change

2 (deteriorarse) to go bad, go off

3 (enfadarse) to lose one's temper, get upset

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

alterar el orden público to disturb the peace, cause a breach of the peace

* * *

verb

1) to alter, modify

2) disturb

•

- alterarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=cambiar) to modify, alter

tuvimos que alterar los planes por la huelga — we had to modify o alter our plans because of the strike

2) (=estropear) [+ alimentos] to spoil; [+ leche] to sour

la humedad alteró los alimentos — the humidity spoiled the food, the humidity made the food go bad

3) (=conmocionar) to shake, upset

la noticia del accidente la alteró visiblemente — she was visibly shaken o upset by the news of the accident

4)

alterar el orden — to disturb the peace

5) (=distorsionar) [+ verdad] to distort, twist

2.

See:

alterarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <plan/texto> to change, alter

b) <hechos/verdad> to distort

el sentido de mis palabras fue alterado — what I said was misinterpreted o misrepresented

c) < alimento> to make... go off, turn... bad

la exposición al sol puede alterar el color — exposure to the sun can affect the color

2) ( perturbar)

a) < paz> to disturb

alterar el orden público — to cause a breach of the peace

b) < persona> to upset

la noticia lo alteró visiblemente — he was visibly shaken by the news
2.
alterarse v pron

1) alimentos to go off, go bad

2) pulso/respiración to become irregular

con la emoción se le alteró la voz — her voice shook with emotion

3) persona to get upset

* * *

= alter, disturb, upset, doctor, redraw [re-draw], change.

Ex. Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.

Ex. Transcribe the data as found, however, if case endings are affected, if the grammatical construction of the data would be disturbed, or if one element is inseparably linked to another.

Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the effect of doctoring AACR2 in this manner.

Ex. the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.

Ex. A scheme should permit changes in terminology as subjects change their names.

----

* alterar el equilibrio = upset + the balance.

* alterar el orden público = breach + the peace, disturb + the peace.

* alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.

* alterar la paz = disrupt + peace.

* sin alterar = unaltered, unmodified.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <plan/texto> to change, alter

b) <hechos/verdad> to distort

el sentido de mis palabras fue alterado — what I said was misinterpreted o misrepresented

c) < alimento> to make... go off, turn... bad

la exposición al sol puede alterar el color — exposure to the sun can affect the color

2) ( perturbar)

a) < paz> to disturb

alterar el orden público — to cause a breach of the peace

b) < persona> to upset

la noticia lo alteró visiblemente — he was visibly shaken by the news
2.
alterarse v pron

1) alimentos to go off, go bad

2) pulso/respiración to become irregular

con la emoción se le alteró la voz — her voice shook with emotion

3) persona to get upset

* * *

= alter, disturb, upset, doctor, redraw [re-draw], change.

Ex: Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.

Ex: Transcribe the data as found, however, if case endings are affected, if the grammatical construction of the data would be disturbed, or if one element is inseparably linked to another.

Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex: The purpose of the present paper is to determine the effect of doctoring AACR2 in this manner.

Ex: the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.

Ex: A scheme should permit changes in terminology as subjects change their names.

* alterar el equilibrio = upset + the balance.

* alterar el orden público = breach + the peace, disturb + the peace.

* alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.

* alterar la paz = disrupt + peace.

* sin alterar = unaltered, unmodified.

* * *

alterar [A1 ]

vt

A (cambiar, modificar)

1 ‹plan/texto/información› to change, alter

el orden de los factores no altera el producto the order of the factors does not alter o affect the product

está alterando los hechos he is distorting the facts

el sentido de mis palabras ha sido alterado what I said has been misinterpreted o misrepresented

2 ‹alimento› to make … go off, turn … bad

la exposición al sol puede alterar el color exposure to the sun can affect the color

B (perturbar)

1 ‹paz› to disturb

fue acusado de alterar el orden público he was charged with causing a breach of the peace

2 ‹persona› to upset

traten de no alterar al enfermo try not to upset the patient in any way

la noticia del golpe alteró visiblemente al embajador the ambassador was visibly shaken by the news of the coup

no debes dejar que esas cosas te alteren you shouldn't let those things upset you o ( colloq) get to you

■ alterarse

v pron

A «alimentos» to go off, go bad

B

«pulso/respiración»: con la emoción se le alteró la voz her voice shook o faltered with emotion

C «persona» to get upset

* * *

alterar ( conjugate alterar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹plan/texto› to change, alter

b) ‹hechos/verdad› to distort

c) ‹ alimento› to make … go off, turn … bad

2 ( perturbar)
a) ‹ paz› to disturb;

◊ alterar el orden público to cause a breach of the peace

b) ‹ persona› to upset

alterarse verbo pronominal
1 [ alimentos] to go off, go bad
2 [pulso/respiración] to become irregular;
[ color] to change
3 [ persona] to get upset
alterar verbo transitivo to alter, change
' alterar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agitar
- desfigurar
- falsear
- pervertir
- tergiversar
- trastocar
- trastornar
- cambiar
- falsificar
- orden
English:
disturb
- evenly
- ruffle
- tamper
- breach
- tamper with
- unsettle
- upset

* * *

alterar

♦ vt

1. [cambiar] to alter, to change;

alterar el orden de las palabras to change the order of the words;

esto altera nuestros planes that changes our plans

2. [perturbar] [persona] to agitate, to fluster;

le alteran mucho los cambios the changes upset him a lot;

no le gusta que alteren sus costumbres she doesn't like having her routine upset;

fue detenido por alterar el orden público he was arrested for causing a breach of the peace

3. [estropear]
el calor alteró los alimentos the heat made the food spoil o Br go off

♦ See also the pronominal verb alterarse

* * *

alterar

v/t

1 ( cambiar) alter

2 a alguien upset

3

:

alterar el orden público cause a breach of the peace

* * *

alterar vt

1) modificar: to alter, to modify

2) perturbar: to disturb, to disrupt

♦ See also the reflexive verb alterarse

* * *

alterar vb (cambiar) to alter / to change

hemos tenido que alterar los planes we've had to change our plans

Spanish-English dictionary > alterar
10 nivel

m.

1 level, height (altura).

al nivel de level with

al nivel del mar at sea level

la capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 meters above sea level

2 level, standard (grado).

no tiene un buen nivel de inglés his level of English is poor

una reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meeting

al mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)

a nivel europeo at a European level

una campaña realizada a nivel mundial a worldwide campaign

nivel mental level of intelligence

nivel de vida standard of living

3 spirit level (instrument).

4 carpenter's level, level.

5 floor, storey, decker.

De dos niveles Used as a suffix -decker: Double-decker

* * *

nivel

► nombre masculino

1 (altura) level, height

■ el nivel de las aguas de un río the water level of a river

■ el sofa está al nivel de la ventana the sofa is level with the window

2 (categoría) level, standard, degree

■ no están al mismo nivel intelectual they are not at the same intellectual level

■ mis alumnos tienen muy buen nivel de inglés my students' English is very good

3 (instrumento) level

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a nivel de as for

■ a nivel de gastos as far as expenses are concerned, regarding expenses

al más alto nivel at the highest level

nivel de producción production level

nivel de vida standard of living

nivel del mar sea level

* * *

noun m.

1) level

2) standard

3) grade

* * *

SM

1) (=altura) level, height

a 900m sobre el nivel del mar — at 900m above sea level

la nieve alcanzó un nivel de 1,5m — the snow reached a depth of 1.5m

a nivel — [gen] level, flush; (=horizontal) horizontal

al nivel de — on a level with, at the same height as, on the same level as

paso a nivel — level crossing, grade crossing (EEUU)

nivel de(l) aceite — (Aut etc) oil level

nivel de crucero — cruising altitude

nivel del agua — water level

nivel del mar — sea level

nivel freático — water table

2) [escolar, cultural] level, standard

el nivel cultural del país — the cultural standard of the country

alto nivel de empleo — high level of employment

conferencia al más alto nivel, conferencia de alto nivel — high-level conference, top-level conference

de primer nivel — top-level

a nivel internacional — at an international level

estar al nivel de — to be equal to, be on a level with

estar al nivel de las circunstancias — to rise to the occasion

no está al nivel de los demás — he is not up to the standard of the others

- dar el nivel

nivel de vida — standard of living

niveles de audiencia — ratings, audience rating sing ; (TV) viewing figures

3) (=instrumento) (tb: nivel de aire, nivel de burbuja) spirit level

4)

a nivel de — (=en cuanto a) as for, as regards; (=como) as; (=a tono con) in keeping with

a nivel de ministro es un desastre — as a minister he's a disaster

a nivel de viajes — so far as travel is concerned, regarding travel

* * *

masculino

a) ( altura) level

sobre el nivel del mar — above sea level

b) (en escala, jerarquía) level

conversaciones de alto nivel — high-level talks

negociaciones al más alto nivel — top-level negotiations

un funcionario de bajo nivel — a low-ranking civil servant

no está al nivel de los demás — he's not up to the same standard as the others

estar al nivel de las circunstancias — to rise to the occasion

- nivel de vida

* * *

= degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.

Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.

Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.

Ex. As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.

Ex. In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.

Ex. Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.

Ex. Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.

Ex. But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.

Ex. However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.

Ex. Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.

Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

Ex. With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.

Ex. However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.

Ex. The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.

Ex. In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.

----

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* a dos niveles = two-tier.

* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.

* alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.

* al mismo nivel de = flush with.

* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.

* alto nivel = high standard.

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.

* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.

* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.

* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* a nivel federal = federally, federally.

* a nivel individual = privately.

* a nivel local = locally, domestically.

* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].

* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.

* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].

* a nivel privado = privately.

* a nivel regional = regionally.

* a todos los niveles = at all levels.

* a tres niveles = three-tiered.

* a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].

* a un nivel básico = at a lay level.

* a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].

* a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* bajada de nivel = drawdown.

* bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.

* barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.

* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.

* construido en dos niveles = split-level.

* con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.

* con un buen nivel = fluent.

* con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].

* con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.

* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].

* curva de nivel = contour line.

* dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.

* de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.

* de primer nivel = first-level.

* descenso de nivel = drawdown.

* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.

* de segundo nivel = second-level.

* de tercer nivel = third-level.

* de tres niveles = three-tiered.

* de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].

* en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.

* en dos niveles = split-level.

* en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.

* en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.

* en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.

* en otro nivel = on a different plane.

* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.

* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.

* gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.

* gran nivel = high standard.

* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.

* nivel alto de gestión = higher management.

* nivel avanzado = advanced level.

* nivel básico = introductory level.

* nivel cultural = literacy.

* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* nivel de adopción = adoption rate.

* nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.

* nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.

* nivel de atención = attention span.

* nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.

* nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.

* nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.

* nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.

* nivel de confianza = confidence level.

* nivel de demanda = level of demand.

* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.

* nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.

* nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.

* nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.

* nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.

* nivel de la calle = road-level.

* nivel del agua = water level.

* nivel del alfabetización = literacy.

* nivel de lectura = reading ability.

* nivel de los usuarios = audience level.

* nivel del público = audience level.

* nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.

* nivel de luminosidad = light level.

* nivel de pobreza = poverty level.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* nivel de ruido = noise level.

* nivel de saciedad = point of futility.

* nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.

* nivel de saturación = point of futility.

* nivel de solvencia = credit rating.

* nivel de subdivisión = granularity.

* nivel de utilización = degree of use.

* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.

* nivel económico = wealth.

* nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.

* nivel escolar = grade level.

* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.

* nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.

* nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].

* nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.

* nivel introductorio = introductory level.

* nivel jerárquico falso = false link.

* nivel máximo = high-water mark.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* nivel medio = middle range.

* nivel medio de gestión = middle management.

* nivel mínimo = low-water mark.

* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.

* nivel profesional = competence, professional level.

* nivel salarial = salary bracket.

* nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.

* nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].

* ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.

* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* paso a nivel = level-crossing.

* persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.

* rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.

* ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.

* sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.

* situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.

* subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.

* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.

* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.

* * *

masculino

a) ( altura) level

sobre el nivel del mar — above sea level

b) (en escala, jerarquía) level

conversaciones de alto nivel — high-level talks

negociaciones al más alto nivel — top-level negotiations

un funcionario de bajo nivel — a low-ranking civil servant

no está al nivel de los demás — he's not up to the same standard as the others

estar al nivel de las circunstancias — to rise to the occasion

- nivel de vida

* * *

= degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.

Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.

Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.

Ex: As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.

Ex: In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.

Ex: Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.

Ex: Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.

Ex: But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.

Ex: However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.

Ex: Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.

Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

Ex: With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.

Ex: However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.

Ex: The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.

Ex: In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* a dos niveles = two-tier.

* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.

* alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.

* al mismo nivel de = flush with.

* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.

* alto nivel = high standard.

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.

* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.

* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.

* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* a nivel federal = federally, federally.

* a nivel individual = privately.

* a nivel local = locally, domestically.

* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].

* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.

* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].

* a nivel privado = privately.

* a nivel regional = regionally.

* a todos los niveles = at all levels.

* a tres niveles = three-tiered.

* a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].

* a un nivel básico = at a lay level.

* a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].

* a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* bajada de nivel = drawdown.

* bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.

* barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.

* clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.

* construido en dos niveles = split-level.

* con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.

* con un buen nivel = fluent.

* con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].

* con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.

* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].

* curva de nivel = contour line.

* dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.

* de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.

* de primer nivel = first-level.

* descenso de nivel = drawdown.

* descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.

* de segundo nivel = second-level.

* de tercer nivel = third-level.

* de tres niveles = three-tiered.

* de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].

* en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.

* en dos niveles = split-level.

* en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.

* en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.

* en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.

* en otro nivel = on a different plane.

* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.

* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.

* gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.

* gran nivel = high standard.

* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.

* nivel alto de gestión = higher management.

* nivel avanzado = advanced level.

* nivel básico = introductory level.

* nivel cultural = literacy.

* nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.

* nivel de adopción = adoption rate.

* nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.

* nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.

* nivel de atención = attention span.

* nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.

* nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.

* nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.

* nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.

* nivel de confianza = confidence level.

* nivel de demanda = level of demand.

* nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.

* nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.

* nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.

* nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.

* nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.

* nivel de la calle = road-level.

* nivel del agua = water level.

* nivel del alfabetización = literacy.

* nivel de lectura = reading ability.

* nivel de los usuarios = audience level.

* nivel del público = audience level.

* nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.

* nivel de luminosidad = light level.

* nivel de pobreza = poverty level.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* nivel de ruido = noise level.

* nivel de saciedad = point of futility.

* nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.

* nivel de saturación = point of futility.

* nivel de solvencia = credit rating.

* nivel de subdivisión = granularity.

* nivel de utilización = degree of use.

* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.

* nivel económico = wealth.

* nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.

* nivel escolar = grade level.

* niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.

* nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.

* nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].

* nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.

* nivel introductorio = introductory level.

* nivel jerárquico falso = false link.

* nivel máximo = high-water mark.

* nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.

* nivel medio = middle range.

* nivel medio de gestión = middle management.

* nivel mínimo = low-water mark.

* nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.

* nivel profesional = competence, professional level.

* nivel salarial = salary bracket.

* nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.

* nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].

* ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.

* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* paso a nivel = level-crossing.

* persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].

* persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].

* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.

* rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.

* ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.

* sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.

* situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.

* subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.

* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.

* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.

* * *

nivel

masculine

A

1 (altura) level

está a 2.300 metros sobre el nivel del mar it is 2,300 meters above sea level

pon los cuadros al mismo nivel hang the pictures at the same height

2 (en una escala, jerarquía) level

conversaciones de alto nivel high-level talks

negociaciones al más alto nivel top-level negotiations

un funcionario de bajo nivel a low-ranking civil servant

a nivel de mandos medios at middle-management level

una solución a nivel internacional an international solution

la obra no llega a pasar del nivel de un melodrama the play never rises above melodrama

no está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others, he's not on a par with the others

no supo estar al nivel de las circunstancias he failed to rise to the occasion, he didn't live up to expectations

es incapaz de comprometerse tanto a nivel político como a nivel personal he's incapable of committing himself either politically or emotionally o on either a political or an emotional level

Compuestos:

● nivel de vida

standard of living

● nivel freático

water table

B ( Const) tb

nivel de burbuja or de aire spirit level

* * *

nivel sustantivo masculino
a) ( altura) level

b) (en escala, jerarquía) level;

◊ conversaciones de alto nivel high-level talks;

nivel de vida standard of living;
no está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others;
el nivel de las universidades mexicanas the standard of Mexican universities
nivel sustantivo masculino
1 (de las aguas, de un punto) level: estamos tres metros sobre el nivel del mar, we are at three metres above sea level
2 (cultural, social, económico) level, standard: su nivel de francés es peor que el tuyo, her level of French is lower than yours
3 (jerarquía) level
4 (utensilio) level
5 Ferroc paso a nivel, level crossing, US grade crossing
' nivel' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alta
- alto
- altura
- baja
- bajo
- escalón
- indicador
- indicadora
- ministerial
- paso
- plana
- plano
- ras
- tren
- alcanzar
- azúcar
- chato
- competir
- creces
- crecida
- cultural
- descender
- descenso
- desnivelado
- elemental
- elevar
- equiparar
- hundimiento
- hundir
- intermedio
- menguar
- parejo
- rango
- sobre
- sobrepasar
- superior
English:
above
- academic
- catch up
- crossing
- down
- grade
- ground level
- high-level
- high-powered
- intermediate
- keep up
- level
- level crossing
- living standards
- maintain
- oil
- oil gauge
- par
- plane
- proficiency
- quality
- rank
- reach
- sea-level
- spirit level
- stand
- standard
- top
- top-level
- up to
- water level
- watermark
- A level
- basis
- bracket
- catch
- comprehensive
- contour
- county
- deck
- degree
- descend
- dumb
- ground
- high
- keep
- lapse
- living
- lowest common denominator
- low

* * *

nivel nm

1. [altura] level, height;

al nivel de level with;

al nivel del mar at sea level;

la capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 metres above sea level

2. [piso, capa] level

Comp
Geol nivel freático groundwater level o table
3. [grado] level, standard;

a nivel europeo at a European level;

son los líderes a nivel mundial they are the world leaders;

una campaña realizada a nivel mundial a worldwide campaign;

un problema que hay que abordar a nivel mundial a problem that has to be tackled internationally o globally;

tiene un buen nivel de inglés she speaks good English;

en esa universidad tienen un nivel altísimo the standard at that university is very high;

una reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meeting;

al mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)

Comp
Informát nivel de acceso access level;
nivel de colesterol cholesterol level;
Informát niveles de gris grey(scale) levels;
nivel mental level of intelligence;

nivel de vida standard of living

4. [instrumento]
nivel (de burbuja) spirit level

5.
a nivel de [considerado incorrecto] as regards, as for;

a nivel de salarios as regards o as for salaries;

a nivel personal estoy contento on a personal level I'm happy

* * *

nivel

m

1 level;

a nivel mundial/nacional at o on a global/national level;

un incremento del 4% a nivel nacional a 4% increase nationwide

2 ( altura) height

* * *

nivel nm

1) : level, height

nivel del mar: sea level

2) : level, standard

nivel de vida: standard of living

* * *

nivel n

1. (en general) level

ha subido el nivel del agua the level of the water has risen

2. (calidad) standard

nivel de vida standard of living

Spanish-English dictionary > nivel
11 considerar

v.

1 to consider (pensar en).

bien considerado, creo que tienes razón on reflection, I think you're right

El chico considera a su madre The boy has regard for=considers his mother.

Ricardo considera la propuesta de María Richard considers Ann's proposal.

2 to esteem, to treat with respect.

3 to consider to.

Ella considera mejor ir al teatro She considers best to go to the theater.

4 to consider oneself to.

Considero estar listo I consider myself to be ready.

* * *

considerar

► verbo transitivo

1 (reflexionar) to consider, think over, think about

■ debes considerar seriamente mi petición you should consider my request seriously

2 (tomar en consideración) to take into account

■ considera todas las ventajas take all the advantages into account

3 (respetar) to treat with consideration, respect

4 (juzgar) to judge, regard, deem

► verbo pronominal considerarse

1 to consider oneself

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

considerando que considering that, considering

* * *

verb

1) to consider

2) deem

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reflexionar sobre) to consider

considera las ventajas y los inconvenientes de tu decisión — think about o consider the advantages and disadvantages of your decision

tengo que considerar el tema con detenimiento — I must give this matter some thought

2) (=tener en cuenta)

considerando lo que cuesta, la calidad podría ser mejor — considering what it costs, the quality could be better

considera que esta puede ser tu última oportunidad — bear in mind that this could be your last chance

3) (=creer)

considerar algo/a algn (como) — + adj to consider sth/sb to be + adj

lo considero imposible — I consider it (to be) impossible

se le considera culpable del robo — he is believed to be o considered to be guilty of the robbery

se le considera como uno de los grandes pintores de este siglo — he is considered (to be) o regarded as one of the great painters of this century

lo considero hijo mío — I look on him o regard him as my own son

• considerar que — to believe that, consider that

considero que deberíamos hacer algo — I believe o consider that we should do something

4) (Jur)

considerando... — whereas... ( word with which each item in a judgement begins)

2.

See:

considerarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <asunto/posibilidad/oferta> to consider; <ventajas/consecuencias> to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras — weigh up the pros and cons

tenemos que considerar que... — we must take into account that...

considerando que ha estado enfermo — considering (that) he's been ill

b) (frml) ( tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

2) (frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación — it was considered (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación — that's considered bad manners

se le considera responsable del secuestro — he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado — he is very highly regarded
2.
considerarse v pron persona ( juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado — he considers himself (to be) lucky

* * *

= consider (as), contemplate, deem, envisage, judge, look at, perceive, reckon, regard as, see as, take into + consideration, take to + be, treat, view, weigh, take + stock of, see, look to as, see about, look upon, give + (some) thought to, have + regard for, class, hold out as, weigh up, look toward(s), flirt, adjudge, believe, look to.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex. If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.

Ex. It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex. Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.

Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex. Many of the early systems were perceived as replacements for manual techniques.

Ex. Book form is easy to use, readable, and reckoned to be an acceptable format for many users.

Ex. In particular LCC has been regarded as suitable for the classification of large general libraries, and specifically those large libraries that have been established for research purposes.

Ex. It is easiest to see the comments in this section as pertaining to controlled indexing languages.

Ex. A certain number of days is to be added to today's date to calculate the date due, taking into consideration the dates the library is closed.

Ex. An abridgement is usually taken to be a condensation that necessarily omits a number of secondary points.

Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex. Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex. The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.

Ex. When balls were compared with rollers in the ninenteenth century, their chief disadvantage was seen to be their cost: they were relatively uneconomical of ink.

Ex. From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex. The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex. Ticknor, we are told, was a liberal and democrat who welcomed change and looked upon human nature with great optimism.

Ex. I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex. 30 million Americans are classed as functionally illiterate.

Ex. Community information services seem light years away from the kind of electronic wizardry that is held out as the brave new information world of tomorrow.

Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex. Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex. The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.

Ex. National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex. The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex. If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

----

* bien considerado = all things considered.

* considerando = in view of.

* considerar adecuado = judge + suitable, consider + appropriate.

* considerar Algo = be under consideration.

* considerar apropiado = consider + appropriate.

* considerar como = class.

* considerar como posible = entertain as + a possibility.

* considerar desde una perspectiva = hold + perspective on.

* considerar en detalle = consider + at length.

* considerar en su justa medida = see + in proportion.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* considerar + Infinitivo = view as + Gerundio.

* considerar la posibilidad = entertain + the possibility.

* considerar las consecuencias = weigh + implications.

* considerar las posibilidades de algo = consider + possibilities.

* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.

* considerar peligroso = see + danger.

* considerar pertinente = consider + appropriate.

* considerar que significa = take to + mean.

* considerarse = be known as, set + Reflexivo + up as, go down as.

* considerarse afortunado = consider + Reflexivo + lucky, count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky.

* considerar un problema = consider + problem.

* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* volver a considerar = reconsider.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <asunto/posibilidad/oferta> to consider; <ventajas/consecuencias> to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras — weigh up the pros and cons

tenemos que considerar que... — we must take into account that...

considerando que ha estado enfermo — considering (that) he's been ill

b) (frml) ( tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

2) (frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación — it was considered (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación — that's considered bad manners

se le considera responsable del secuestro — he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado — he is very highly regarded
2.
considerarse v pron persona ( juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado — he considers himself (to be) lucky

* * *

= consider (as), contemplate, deem, envisage, judge, look at, perceive, reckon, regard as, see as, take into + consideration, take to + be, treat, view, weigh, take + stock of, see, look to as, see about, look upon, give + (some) thought to, have + regard for, class, hold out as, weigh up, look toward(s), flirt, adjudge, believe, look to.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex: If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.

Ex: It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex: Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.

Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex: Many of the early systems were perceived as replacements for manual techniques.

Ex: Book form is easy to use, readable, and reckoned to be an acceptable format for many users.

Ex: In particular LCC has been regarded as suitable for the classification of large general libraries, and specifically those large libraries that have been established for research purposes.

Ex: It is easiest to see the comments in this section as pertaining to controlled indexing languages.

Ex: A certain number of days is to be added to today's date to calculate the date due, taking into consideration the dates the library is closed.

Ex: An abridgement is usually taken to be a condensation that necessarily omits a number of secondary points.

Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex: Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex: The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.

Ex: When balls were compared with rollers in the ninenteenth century, their chief disadvantage was seen to be their cost: they were relatively uneconomical of ink.

Ex: From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex: The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex: Ticknor, we are told, was a liberal and democrat who welcomed change and looked upon human nature with great optimism.

Ex: I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex: The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex: 30 million Americans are classed as functionally illiterate.

Ex: Community information services seem light years away from the kind of electronic wizardry that is held out as the brave new information world of tomorrow.

Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex: Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex: The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.

Ex: National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex: The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex: If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

* bien considerado = all things considered.

* considerando = in view of.

* considerar adecuado = judge + suitable, consider + appropriate.

* considerar Algo = be under consideration.

* considerar apropiado = consider + appropriate.

* considerar como = class.

* considerar como posible = entertain as + a possibility.

* considerar desde una perspectiva = hold + perspective on.

* considerar en detalle = consider + at length.

* considerar en su justa medida = see + in proportion.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* considerar + Infinitivo = view as + Gerundio.

* considerar la posibilidad = entertain + the possibility.

* considerar las consecuencias = weigh + implications.

* considerar las posibilidades de algo = consider + possibilities.

* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.

* considerar peligroso = see + danger.

* considerar pertinente = consider + appropriate.

* considerar que significa = take to + mean.

* considerarse = be known as, set + Reflexivo + up as, go down as.

* considerarse afortunado = consider + Reflexivo + lucky, count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky.

* considerar un problema = consider + problem.

* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* volver a considerar = reconsider.

* * *

considerar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹asunto/posibilidad› to consider; ‹oferta› to consider, give … consideration; ‹ventajas/consecuencias› to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras weigh up the pros and cons

bien considerado, creo que … all things considered, I think that …

tenemos que considerar que ésta es su primera infracción we must take into account that this is her first offense

considerando que ha estado enfermo considering (that) he's been ill

2 ( frml) (tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

B ( frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación it was considered (to be) o ( frml) deemed (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación that's considered bad manners

considero casi imposible que podamos llegar a un acuerdo I believe it is o I consider it to be almost impossible for us to reach an agreement

se le considera responsable del secuestro he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado he is very highly regarded

■ considerarse

v pron

«persona» (juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado he considers himself (to be) very fortunate o lucky

* * *

considerar ( conjugate considerar) verbo transitivo ‹asunto/posibilidad/oferta› to consider;
‹ventajas/consecuencias› to weigh up, consider;
◊ considerando que ha estado enfermo considering (that) he's been ill;

tenemos que considerar que … we must take into account that …;
eso se considera de mala educación that's considered bad manners;
está muy bien considerado he is very highly regarded
considerarse verbo pronominal [ persona] ( juzgarse) to consider oneself;
se considera afortunado he considers himself (to be) lucky
considerar verbo transitivo to consider: lo considera un genio, she thinks he's a genius ➣ Ver nota en consider

' considerar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
archivar
- barajar
- cada
- dar
- discutir
- encontrar
- estimar
- homologar
- óptica
- pararse
- plantearse
- ponderar
- reparar
- tantear
- tener
- tratar
- ver
- catalogar
- estudiar
- juzgar
- llamar
- medir
- meditar
- mirar
- pensar
- plantear
English:
account
- class
- consider
- contemplate
- count
- debate
- entertain
- judge
- ponder
- rate
- reckon
- regard
- see
- think over
- think through
- treat
- view
- come
- conceive
- deem
- feel
- hold
- look
- think
- weigh

* * *

considerar

♦ vt

1. [pensar en] to consider;

hay que considerar que es la primera vez que lo intentamos you should take into account that this is the first time we've tried to do it;

consideré la posibilidad de presentarme, pero al final desistí I thought about applying but in the end I gave up the idea

2. [juzgar, estimar] to believe, to think;

no quiso considerar mi propuesta she wouldn't consider my proposal;

bien considerado, creo que tienes razón on reflection, I think you're right;

considero que se han equivocado I believe they've made a mistake

3. [respetar] to esteem, to treat with respect;

sus compañeros lo consideran mucho his colleagues have a high regard for him o think highly of him

♦ See also the pronominal verb considerarse

* * *

considerar

v/t consider

* * *

considerar vt

1) : to consider, to think over

2) : to judge, to deem

3) : to treat with respect

* * *

considerar vb

1. (relexionar) to consider / to think about [pt. & pp. thought]

tengo que considerar su propuesta I have to consider their proposal

2. (juzgar) to regard / to think

lo considero imposible I think it's impossible

Spanish-English dictionary > considerar
12 poner en funcionamiento

poner en funcionamiento

to put into operation

* * *

(v.) = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion

Ex. Deferred orders are activated when the 'claim overdue order' function is run.

Ex. So he sets a reproducer in action, photographs the whole trail out, and passes it to his friend for insertion in his own memex.

Ex. This means that it must be well documented, with for example user manuals, test data and guidance on setting up systems.

Ex. The cord which trips its shutter may reach down a man's sleeve within easy reach of his fingers.

Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to give orderly structure to, put into working order.

Ex. Compromise organization schemes, making allowances for weaknesses of individuals, will naturally be put in place as necessary.

Ex. Compromise organization schemes, making allowances for weaknesses of individuals, will naturally be put in place as necessary.

Ex. Garvey suggests that the list of references is a key part of any scientific paper, since they help to put the research described into its proper place in the development of the scientific consensus.

Ex. If someone reports that a member of the staff is drunk while on the job, the supervisor must immediately set in motion the prescribed personnel procedures for verifying the charge, issuing a warning, observing and documenting future performance, and, if necessary, initiating a dismissal action.

* * *

(v.) = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion

Ex: Deferred orders are activated when the 'claim overdue order' function is run.

Ex: So he sets a reproducer in action, photographs the whole trail out, and passes it to his friend for insertion in his own memex.

Ex: This means that it must be well documented, with for example user manuals, test data and guidance on setting up systems.

Ex: The cord which trips its shutter may reach down a man's sleeve within easy reach of his fingers.

Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to give orderly structure to, put into working order.

Ex: Compromise organization schemes, making allowances for weaknesses of individuals, will naturally be put in place as necessary.

Ex: Compromise organization schemes, making allowances for weaknesses of individuals, will naturally be put in place as necessary.

Ex: Garvey suggests that the list of references is a key part of any scientific paper, since they help to put the research described into its proper place in the development of the scientific consensus.

Ex: If someone reports that a member of the staff is drunk while on the job, the supervisor must immediately set in motion the prescribed personnel procedures for verifying the charge, issuing a warning, observing and documenting future performance, and, if necessary, initiating a dismissal action.

Spanish-English dictionary > poner en funcionamiento
13 recomendar

v.

1 to recommend.

recomendar a alguien que haga algo to recommend that somebody do something, to advise somebody to do something

se recomienda precaución caution is advised

no recomendada para menores de 18 not suitable for persons under 18 (película)

2 to recommend (trabajador, restaurante).

3 to recommend to.

* * *

recomendar

Conjugation model [ ACERTAR], like link=acertar acertar

► verbo transitivo

1 to recommend, advise

■ te recomiendo que estudies más I recommend that you study harder

* * *

verb

1) to recommend

2) advocate

* * *

VT

1) (=aconsejar) to recommend

recomendar a algn que haga algo — to recommend o advise sb to do sth

le recomiendo esta novela — I recommend this novel to you

2) [para un trabajo]

lo recomendaron para el puesto — he was recommended for the job

3) LAm (Correos) to register

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <libro/restaurante> to recommend

b) ( para empleo) to recommend, put forward

c) ( aconsejar) to advise

no te lo recomiendo — I wouldn't advise it

* * *

= advocate, counsel, direct, make + recommendation, prescribe, recommend, commend.

Ex. In order to understand the citation order that PRECIS indexing advocates it is necessary to examine the function of the operators more closely.

Ex. For example, ALA 5A counsels that collections should be entered under the compiler or editor, individual or corporate.

Ex. This statement directs the user to adopt a number more specific terms in preference to the general term.

Ex. In its final report, however, the Working Group made a number of recommendations concerning the future direction of development relating to authorities.

Ex. Factors here may be: any guidelines set internally, by external agencies or networks restricting the length and content of abstracts, and prescribing stylistic features.

Ex. In the interest of economy, and in order to avoid an overcomplex catalogue these rules recommend selective use of added entries.

Ex. As drill exercises in writing, the writing of book reviews has little to commend it.

----

* recomendar a = put + a word in for.

* recomendar directrices = provide + guidelines.

* recomendar encarecidamente = urge.

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <libro/restaurante> to recommend

b) ( para empleo) to recommend, put forward

c) ( aconsejar) to advise

no te lo recomiendo — I wouldn't advise it

* * *

= advocate, counsel, direct, make + recommendation, prescribe, recommend, commend.

Ex: In order to understand the citation order that PRECIS indexing advocates it is necessary to examine the function of the operators more closely.

Ex: For example, ALA 5A counsels that collections should be entered under the compiler or editor, individual or corporate.

Ex: This statement directs the user to adopt a number more specific terms in preference to the general term.

Ex: In its final report, however, the Working Group made a number of recommendations concerning the future direction of development relating to authorities.

Ex: Factors here may be: any guidelines set internally, by external agencies or networks restricting the length and content of abstracts, and prescribing stylistic features.

Ex: In the interest of economy, and in order to avoid an overcomplex catalogue these rules recommend selective use of added entries.

Ex: As drill exercises in writing, the writing of book reviews has little to commend it.

* recomendar a = put + a word in for.

* recomendar directrices = provide + guidelines.

* recomendar encarecidamente = urge.

* * *

recomendar [A5 ]

vt

1 ‹libro/película/restaurante› to recommend

un médico que me han recomendado a doctor who has been recommended to me

2 ‹persona› (para un empleo) to recommend

3 (aconsejar) to advise

hazlo si quieres, pero no te lo recomiendo do it if you want to, but I wouldn't advise it o recommend it

* * *

recomendar ( conjugate recomendar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹libro/restaurante/persona› to recommend

b) ( aconsejar) to advise;

◊ no te lo recomiendo I wouldn't advise it

recomendar verbo transitivo to recommend ➣ Ver nota en propose
' recomendar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
homologar
- recomienda
English:
advocate
- commend
- exhort
- recommend
- urge
- word
- prescribe

* * *

recomendar vt

1. [aconsejar] to recommend;

el médico me ha recomendado reposo the doctor has recommended that I rest, the doctor has advised me to rest;

me han recomendado este restaurante this restaurant has been recommended to me;

recomendar a alguien que haga algo to recommend that sb do sth, to advise sb to do sth;

te lo recomiendo I recommend it to you;

se recomienda precaución caution is advised;

no recomendada para menores de 18 [película] not suitable for persons under 18

2. [a trabajador] to recommend;

lo recomendaron para el puesto he was recommended for the job

* * *

recomendar

v/t recommend

* * *

recomendar {55} vt

1) : to recommend

2) aconsejar: to advise

* * *

recomendar vb to recommend

Spanish-English dictionary > recomendar
14 con objeto de

con objeto de

in order to

* * *

= in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of

Ex. Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.

Ex. The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.

Ex. Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.

Ex. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson initiated the 'Neighborhood Pilot Centres' programme aimed at providing a neighbourhood centre to co-ordinate the programmes of other federal agencies in every urban ghetto.

Ex. Many libraries were visited with the purpose of understanding the structure and management of library services to children in that country = Se visitaron muchas bibliotecas con objeto de de conocer la organización y gestión de los servicios bibliotecarios para niños en este país.

Ex. In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.

Ex. A wide area network with the aim of connecting all Arab Gulf countries in the near future.

* * *

con objeto de (+ Infinitivo)

= with a view to (+ Gerundio)

Ex: Read the document with a view to gaining an understanding of its content and an appreciation of its scope.

= in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of

Ex: Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.

Ex: The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.

Ex: Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.

Ex: In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson initiated the 'Neighborhood Pilot Centres' programme aimed at providing a neighbourhood centre to co-ordinate the programmes of other federal agencies in every urban ghetto.

Ex: Many libraries were visited with the purpose of understanding the structure and management of library services to children in that country = Se visitaron muchas bibliotecas con objeto de de conocer la organización y gestión de los servicios bibliotecarios para niños en este país.

Ex: In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.

Ex: A wide area network with the aim of connecting all Arab Gulf countries in the near future.

Spanish-English dictionary > con objeto de
15 cooperación

f.

1 cooperation, collaboration, co-operation, teamwork.

2 cooperation, partnership.

* * *

cooperación

► nombre femenino

1 cooperation

* * *

noun f.

cooperation

* * *

SF cooperation

* * *

femenino cooperation

* * *

= collaboration, cooperation [co-operation], partnership, liaison, cooperative effort, partnering, fertilisation [fertilization, -USA], cooperativeness [co-operativeness].

Ex. A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.

Ex. Combined catalogues showing the resources available to a group of libraries have been a feature of library co-operation for many years.

Ex. The partnership between the CLT and industry is considered in some detail.

Ex. It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex. Conservation problems are so many and so complex that only dedicated cooperative efforts can reverse the current rapid deterioration of library stocks.

Ex. These include partnering with: principals, teachers, community members, public librarians and businesses.

Ex. The traditional methods of marketing and selling on-line bibliographic data base services have revolved around fertilisation between the marketing and sales departments.

Ex. The notion of interests is far subtler than many have realized, and leaves open the possibility that cooperativeness may be adaptive, virtuous, and a good thing.

----

* acuerdo de cooperación = collaborative partnership.

* catalogación en cooperación = cooperative cataloguing.

* contar con la cooperación de = enjoy + cooperation with.

* cooperación bibliotecaria = library cooperation.

* cooperación en red = networking.

* cooperación entre instituciones = interagency cooperation.

* cooperación institucional = institutional cooperation.

* cooperación interbibliotecaria = interlibrary co-operation.

* deseo de cooperación = engagement.

* en cooperación = cooperative [co-operative].

* en cooperación con = in cooperation with.

* falta de cooperación = uncooperation.

* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económic = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* * *

femenino cooperation

* * *

= collaboration, cooperation [co-operation], partnership, liaison, cooperative effort, partnering, fertilisation [fertilization, -USA], cooperativeness [co-operativeness].

Ex: A work of shared responsibility is one where the work has arisen from collaboration between two or more persons or corporative bodies.

Ex: Combined catalogues showing the resources available to a group of libraries have been a feature of library co-operation for many years.

Ex: The partnership between the CLT and industry is considered in some detail.

Ex: It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.

Ex: Conservation problems are so many and so complex that only dedicated cooperative efforts can reverse the current rapid deterioration of library stocks.

Ex: These include partnering with: principals, teachers, community members, public librarians and businesses.

Ex: The traditional methods of marketing and selling on-line bibliographic data base services have revolved around fertilisation between the marketing and sales departments.

Ex: The notion of interests is far subtler than many have realized, and leaves open the possibility that cooperativeness may be adaptive, virtuous, and a good thing.

* acuerdo de cooperación = collaborative partnership.

* catalogación en cooperación = cooperative cataloguing.

* contar con la cooperación de = enjoy + cooperation with.

* cooperación bibliotecaria = library cooperation.

* cooperación en red = networking.

* cooperación entre instituciones = interagency cooperation.

* cooperación institucional = institutional cooperation.

* cooperación interbibliotecaria = interlibrary co-operation.

* deseo de cooperación = engagement.

* en cooperación = cooperative [co-operative].

* en cooperación con = in cooperation with.

* falta de cooperación = uncooperation.

* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económic = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* * *

cooperación

feminine

cooperation

agradecemos su cooperación en este asunto we thank you for your cooperation in this matter

* * *

cooperación sustantivo femenino
cooperation
cooperación sustantivo femenino cooperation
' cooperación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
entre
- solicitar
English:
cooperation
- unhelpfulness

* * *

cooperación nf

co-operation

* * *

cooperación

f cooperation

* * *

cooperación nf, pl - ciones : cooperation

* * *

cooperación n cooperation

Spanish-English dictionary > cooperación
16 disminuir

v.

1 to reduce.

2 to decrease.

El medicamento disminuyó la fiebre The drug decreased the fever.

Me disminuyó la temperatura My temperature decreased.

3 to diminish, to decrease, to fall off, to drop off.

El calor disminuyó The heat diminished.

4 to lessen, to take down, to humiliate, to deflate.

Su actitud disminuyó a su hijo His attitude lessened his son.

5 to have less.

Te disminuyó la fiebre You have less fever.

* * *

disminuir

Conjugation model [ HUIR], like link=huir huir

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to decrease

2 (medidas, velocidad) to reduce

► verbo intransitivo

1 (gen) to diminish

2 (temperatura, precios) to drop, fall

* * *

verb

1) to decrease

2) drop, fall

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reducir) [+ nivel, precio, gastos, intereses] to reduce, bring down; [+ riesgo, incidencia, dolor] to reduce, lessen; [+ temperatura] to lower, bring down; [+ prestigio, autoridad] to diminish, lessen; [+ fuerzas] to sap; [+ entusiasmo] to dampen

algunos bancos han disminuido en un 0,15% sus tipos de interés — some banks have reduced o brought down their interest rates by 0.15%

hemos tenido que disminuir la dosis — we've had to reduce the dose

las vacunas disminuyen la resistencia a otros virus — vaccinations lower resistance to other germs

disminuyó la velocidad para tomar la curva — she slowed down o reduced her speed to go round the bend

durante el día disminuyen la vigilancia — security is not so strict during the day

esta medicina me disminuye las fuerzas — this medicine is making me weaker o sapping my strength

2) (Cos) [+ puntos] to decrease

2. VI

1) (=decrecer) [número, población] to decrease, drop, fall; [temperatura, precios] to drop, fall; [distancia, diferencia, velocidad, tensión] to decrease; [fuerzas, autoridad, poder] to diminish; [días] to grow shorter; [luz] to fade; [prestigio, entusiasmo] to dwindle

ha disminuido la tasa de natalidad — the birth rate has decreased o dropped o fallen

el número de asistentes ha disminuido últimamente — attendance has decreased o dropped o fallen recently

ya le está disminuyendo la fiebre — his temperature is dropping o falling now

el paro disminuyó en un 0,3% — unemployment dropped o fell by 0.3%

su poder disminuyó con el paso del tiempo — his power diminished as time went by

con esta pastilla te disminuirá el dolor — this tablet will relieve o ease your pain

2) (=empeorar) [memoria, vista] to fail

3) (Cos) [puntos] to decrease

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessen

los impuestos no disminuyeron — there was no cut in taxes

disminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años — one becomes less agile with age

2) ( al tejer) to decrease
2.
disminuir vt

1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos — alcohol slows down your reactions

2) ( al tejer) < puntos> to decrease

* * *

= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.

Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.

Ex. Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.

Ex. While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.

Ex. Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.

Ex. When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.

Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex. Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.

Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex. In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.

Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex. The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.

Ex. Her agitation subsided suddenly.

Ex. Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.

Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex. As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.

Ex. Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.

Ex. Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.

Ex. The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.

Ex. The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.

Ex. Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.

Ex. The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.

Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex. The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.

Ex. Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.

Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.

----

* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.

* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.

* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.

* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* disminuir el valor de = belittle.

* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.

* disminuir la marcha = slow down.

* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.

* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.

* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.

* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessen

los impuestos no disminuyeron — there was no cut in taxes

disminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años — one becomes less agile with age

2) ( al tejer) to decrease
2.
disminuir vt

1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos — alcohol slows down your reactions

2) ( al tejer) < puntos> to decrease

* * *

= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.

Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.

Ex: Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.

Ex: While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.

Ex: Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.

Ex: When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.

Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex: Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.

Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex: In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.

Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex: The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.

Ex: Her agitation subsided suddenly.

Ex: Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.

Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex: As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.

Ex: Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.

Ex: Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.

Ex: The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.

Ex: The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.

Ex: Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.

Ex: The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.

Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex: The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.

Ex: Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.

Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.

* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.

* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.

* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.

* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* disminuir el valor de = belittle.

* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.

* disminuir la marcha = slow down.

* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.

* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.

* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.

* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.

* * *

disminuir [ I20 ]

vi

A (menguar) «número/cantidad» to decrease, drop, fall; «desempleo/exportaciones/gastos» to decrease, drop, fall; «entusiasmo» to wane, diminish; «interés» to wane, diminish, fall off

el número de fumadores ha disminuido the number of smokers has dropped o fallen o decreased

los impuestos no disminuyeron there was no decrease o cut in taxes

los casos de malaria han disminuido there has been a drop o fall o decrease in the number of malaria cases

disminuyó la intensidad del viento the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años one becomes less agile with age

B (al tejer) to decrease

■ disminuir

vt

A (reducir) ‹gastos/costos› to reduce, bring down, cut

disminuimos la velocidad we reduced speed

es un asunto muy grave y se intenta disminuir su importancia it is a very serious matter, and its importance is being played down

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos alcohol slows down your reactions

B (al tejer) ‹puntos› to decrease

* * *

disminuir ( conjugate disminuir) verbo intransitivo ( menguar) [número/cantidad] to decrease, fall;
[precios/temperaturas] to drop, fall;
[ dolor] to diminish, lessen
verbo transitivo ( reducir) ‹gastos/producción› to cut back on;
‹ impuestos› to cut;
‹velocidad/número/cantidad› to reduce
disminuir
I verbo transitivo to reduce: esto disminuye sus probabilidades de entrar en la Universidad, this lowers his chances of admission to the University
II verbo intransitivo to diminish: el calor ha disminuido, the heat has lessened
' disminuir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aclararse
- atenuar
- bajar
- descender
- enfriar
- perder
- rebajar
- reducir
- reducirse
- velocidad
English:
cut back
- decline
- decrease
- die down
- diminish
- drop
- dwindle
- ease off
- ease up
- lessen
- lower
- odds
- reduce
- shrink
- sink
- slacken
- slacken off
- taper off
- thin out
- abate
- ease
- flag
- go
- let
- tail
- taper
- wane

* * *

disminuir

♦ vt

to reduce, to decrease;

disminuye la velocidad al entrar en la curva reduce speed as you go into the curve;

pastillas que disminuyen el sueño tablets that prevent drowsiness;

la lesión no ha disminuido su habilidad con el balón the injury hasn't affected his skill with the ball

♦ vi
[cantidad, velocidad, intensidad, contaminación] to decrease, to decline; [desempleo, inflación] to decrease, to fall; [precios, temperatura] to fall, to go down; [vista, memoria] to fail; [interés] to decline, to wane;
disminuye el número de matriculaciones en la universidad university enrolments are down;

medidas para que disminuyan los costes cost-cutting measures;

no disminuye la euforia inversora investor enthusiasm continues unabated

* * *

disminuir

I v/t gastos, costos reduce, cut; velocidad reduce

II v/i decrease, diminish

* * *

disminuir {41} vt

reducir: to reduce, to decrease, to lower

disminuir vi

1) : to lower

2) : to drop, to fall

* * *

disminuir vb

1. (reducir) to reduce

intentamos disminuir el número de accidentes we are trying to reduce the number of accidents

2. (bajar, menguar) to fall [pt. fell; pp. fallen] / to drop [pt. & pp. dropped]

disminuye el número de ballenas en el mundo the number of whales in the world is falling

Spanish-English dictionary > disminuir
17 en vías de desarrollo

(adj.) = in course of development, emergent, developing

Ex. International organizations play a key role in debates about such matters as the maintenance of peaceful relations between nations, the preservation of order in the international economic system and the provision of aid to countries in course of development.

Ex. Books for emergent readers should facilitate the acquisition of these concepts.

Ex. I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.

* * *

(adj.) = in course of development, emergent, developing

Ex: International organizations play a key role in debates about such matters as the maintenance of peaceful relations between nations, the preservation of order in the international economic system and the provision of aid to countries in course of development.

Ex: Books for emergent readers should facilitate the acquisition of these concepts.

Ex: I can join a sporting club and combine developing skills with social activities.

Spanish-English dictionary > en vías de desarrollo
18 esencia

f.

1 essence.

quinta esencia quintessence

2 extract, essence.

3 ens.

* * *

esencia

► nombre femenino

1 essence

2 (perfume) essence, perfume, scent

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en esencia (brevemente) briefly 2 (esencialmente) in essence

quinta esencia quintessence

* * *

noun f.

essence

* * *

SF

1) (=base) [de teoría] essence; [de asunto, problema] heart

en esencia — essentially, in essence

quinta esencia — quintessence

2) [de perfume] essence

* * *

femenino

1) (fondo, base) essence

en esencia — essentially, in essence

2) (Coc, Quím, Fil) essence

•

- esencia de café/vainilla

* * *

= essence, nature, substance, flavour [flavor, -USA], marrow, quid, crux.

Ex. In simple terms, the essence of subject organisation is the division of literature (or references to literature) into manageable, or scannable categories, with each category being associated with an index term.

Ex. In this chapter a review of the development of cataloguing codes is given in order to explain and place in context the nature of modern cataloguing codes.

Ex. For whatever reason, Shera chose to disparage rather than to take seriously the substance of Briet's ideas.

Ex. Plainly, in many documents sections that can be regarded as truly representative of the flavour of the original are absent or difficult to identify.

Ex. The novel 'The Marrow of Tradition' analyzes and exposes the societal prejudices that alienate two marginalized groups from each other.

Ex. The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.

Ex. The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.

----

* aceite de esencias = essential oil.

* en esencia = in essence, essentially.

* en su esencia = in substance.

* esencia de eucalipto = eucalyptus oil.

* esencia de, la = pith and marrow of, the.

* esencia irlandesa = Irishness.

* * *

femenino

1) (fondo, base) essence

en esencia — essentially, in essence

2) (Coc, Quím, Fil) essence

•

- esencia de café/vainilla

* * *

= essence, nature, substance, flavour [flavor, -USA], marrow, quid, crux.

Ex: In simple terms, the essence of subject organisation is the division of literature (or references to literature) into manageable, or scannable categories, with each category being associated with an index term.

Ex: In this chapter a review of the development of cataloguing codes is given in order to explain and place in context the nature of modern cataloguing codes.

Ex: For whatever reason, Shera chose to disparage rather than to take seriously the substance of Briet's ideas.

Ex: Plainly, in many documents sections that can be regarded as truly representative of the flavour of the original are absent or difficult to identify.

Ex: The novel 'The Marrow of Tradition' analyzes and exposes the societal prejudices that alienate two marginalized groups from each other.

Ex: The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.

Ex: The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.

* aceite de esencias = essential oil.

* en esencia = in essence, essentially.

* en su esencia = in substance.

* esencia de eucalipto = eucalyptus oil.

* esencia de, la = pith and marrow of, the.

* esencia irlandesa = Irishness.

* * *

esencia

feminine

A

1 (fondo, base) essence

la esencia de su teoría the essence of his theory

en esencia essentially, in essence

se trata, en esencia, de un problema político the problem is essentially a political one, the problem is, in essence, a political one

2 ( Fil) essence

esencia divina divine essence

B ( Coc, Quím) essence

Compuestos:

● esencia de café

coffee essence

● esencia de trementina

turpentine, turps ( BrE)

● esencia de vainilla

vanilla essence

* * *

esencia sustantivo femenino
essence
esencia sustantivo femenino essence
♦ Locuciones: quinta esencia, quintessence
' esencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ser
- extracto
English:
essence

* * *

esencia nf

1. [lo principal, lo básico] essence;

en esencia in essence, essentially;

en esencia sus opiniones apenas difieren at bottom there's little difference between their views

2. [extracto, concentrado] essence;

esencia de lavanda lavender water;

esencia de café/vainilla coffee/vanilla essence

Comp
esencia mineral mineral oil;
esencia de trementina oil of turpentine

* * *

esencia

f essence;

en esencia essentially, in essence

* * *

esencia nf

: essence

Spanish-English dictionary > esencia
19 obstáculo

m.

obstacle, drag, snag, balk.

* * *

obstáculo

► nombre masculino

1 (barrera) obstacle

■ las escaleras pueden ser un insuperable obstáculo para el minusválido stairs can be an unsurmountable obstacle for a disabled person

2 (inconveniente) objection

■ no vamos a avanzar si sigues poniendo obstáculos we won't get anywhere if you keep raising objections

3 (valla) fence, jump

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle

carrera de obstáculos (para niños) obstacle race 2 (de caballos, atletas) steeplechase

* * *

noun m.

obstacle

* * *

SM

1) [físico] obstacle
carrera 2)
2) (=dificultad) obstacle, hindrance

no es obstáculo para que yo lo haga — that does not prevent me (from) o stop me doing it

poner obstáculos a algo/algn — to hinder sth/sb

* * *

masculino obstacle

superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

* * *

= encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.

Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

Ex. A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.

Ex. Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.

Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.

Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.

Ex. But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.

Ex. In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.

Ex. While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.

Ex. A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.

Ex. The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.

Ex. Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.

Ex. This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.

Ex. Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.

Ex. These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.

Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.

Ex. The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.

Ex. The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.

Ex. Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.

----

* ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.

* carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.

* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.

* creación de obstáculos = fence building.

* eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.

* eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.

* encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.

* enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.

* obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.

* obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].

* poner obstáculos = cramp.

* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.

* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.

* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.

* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.

* remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.

* remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.

* ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).

* sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.

* sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.

* sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.

* superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.

* vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.

* * *

masculino obstacle

superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

* * *

= encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.

Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

Ex: A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.

Ex: Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.

Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.

Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.

Ex: But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.

Ex: In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.

Ex: While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.

Ex: A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.

Ex: The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.

Ex: Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.

Ex: This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.

Ex: Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.

Ex: These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.

Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.

Ex: The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.

Ex: The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.

Ex: Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.

* ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.

* carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.

* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.

* creación de obstáculos = fence building.

* eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.

* eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.

* encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.

* enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.

* obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.

* obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].

* poner obstáculos = cramp.

* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.

* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.

* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.

* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.

* remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.

* remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.

* ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).

* sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.

* sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.

* sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.

* superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.

* vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.

* * *

obstáculo

masculine

obstacle

quitaron los obstáculos del camino they cleared the obstacles from the road, they cleared the road of obstacles

superar or salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle

no fue obstáculo para que ganara it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

me puso muchos obstáculos he put many obstacles in my path

el único obstáculo entre nosotros y la victoria the only obstacle between us and victory, the only thing that stands/stood between us and victory

un obstáculo para el éxito del proyecto an obstacle to the success of the project

carrera

* * *

obstáculo sustantivo masculino
obstacle
obstáculo sustantivo masculino
1 (dificultad) handicap: no hay ningún obstáculo para que estudies Derecho, there's nothing stopping you from studying Law
2 (en un camino, etc) obstacle
una carrera de obstáculos, an obstacle race
' obstáculo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
escollo
- esquivar
- estorbo
- franquear
- insalvable
- remover
- salvar
- sortear
- vencer
- allanar
- apartar
- brincar
- chocar
- eliminar
- encontrar
- saltar
- subsanar
English:
bar
- barrier
- block
- chief
- clash
- clear
- get across
- get over
- get past
- hazard
- hurdle
- impassable
- impediment
- jump
- negotiate
- obstacle
- obstruction
- pitfall

* * *

obstáculo nm

1. [impedimento] obstacle ( para to);
poner obstáculos a algo/alguien to put obstacles in the way of sth/sb

2. [en una carrera] hurdle

* * *

obstáculo

m obstacle;

carrera de obstáculos obstacle race;

ponerle obstáculos a alguien make things difficult for s.o.;

ponerle obstáculos a algo make sth difficult

* * *

obstáculo nm

impedimento: obstacle

* * *

obstáculo n obstacle

Spanish-English dictionary > obstáculo
20 promoción

f.

1 promotion, advancement, furtherance, development.

2 promotion, giveaway.

3 promotion, preferment, raise of position.

* * *

promoción

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) promotion

2 EDUCACIÓN year, US class

■ esa chica era compañera mía de promoción that girl was in the same year as me

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

campaña de promoción promotion campaign

promoción interna internal promotion

* * *

noun f.

promotion

* * *

SF

1) (=ascenso) [gen] promotion, advancement; [profesional] promotion

2) [de producto, oferta] promotion

promoción de ventas — sales promotion

promoción por correspondencia directa — direct mail advertising

3)

promoción inmobiliaria — property development

4) (=año) class, year

la promoción de 1975 — the 1975 class

estaba en mi promoción — he was from my class o year, he was the same class o year as me

5) (=ganga) special offer

está en promoción — it's on (special) offer

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (de actividad, producto) promotion

hacer la promoción de un producto — to promote a product

promoción de ventas — sales promotion

b) ( ascenso) promotion

2) (Educ)

somos de la misma promoción — we graduated at the same time

los médicos de la promoción de 1988 — the doctors who qualified in 1988

* * *

= advancement, promotion, upward mobility, upward job mobility, career advancement, promoting, rise through the ranks, furtherance, professional advancement, cohort, advocacy.

Ex. The dependence on bosses for recognition, rewards, and advancement breeds an artificiality of relationship, a need to be polite and agreeable.

Ex. In order to denote the concept 'promotion' you have used the special auxiliaries enumerated at 35.07/.08.

Ex. These institutions, bringing higher education to many families for the first time, offered a new channel for upward mobility.

Ex. Upward job mobility, if it leads to geographical relocation, is unacceptable to the majority of professionals.

Ex. This article studies job mobility of men and women librarians and how it affects career advancement.

Ex. Promoting can be via advertising, personal contact or atmospherics (building design for users).

Ex. Several respondents felt that women's rise through the ranks was less meteoric than that of their male colleagues.

Ex. The aims of the centre are the furtherance of teaching and research on any aspect of South Asia.

Ex. Race was identified in previous studies as a perceived barrier to professional advancement.

Ex. This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.

Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.

----

* campaña de promoción = promotional campaign, advocacy.

* capacidad de promoción = promotability.

* de promoción = marketing, promotional.

* obtener promoción = arrive at + promotion.

* promoción comercial = marketing.

* promoción de + Año = graduating class of + Año.

* promoción de estudiantes = cohort of students.

* promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.

* promoción de la salud = health promotion.

* promoción de libros = book promotion.

* promoción de productos = product-promoting.

* promoción de ventas = sales promotion.

* promoción en el trabajo = job promotion.

* promoción inmobiliaria = property development.

* promoción laboral = job promotion.

* promoción profesional = career movement, career progression.

* promoción social = social advancement.

* relacionado con la promoción de libros = book-promotional.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (de actividad, producto) promotion

hacer la promoción de un producto — to promote a product

promoción de ventas — sales promotion

b) ( ascenso) promotion

2) (Educ)

somos de la misma promoción — we graduated at the same time

los médicos de la promoción de 1988 — the doctors who qualified in 1988

* * *

= advancement, promotion, upward mobility, upward job mobility, career advancement, promoting, rise through the ranks, furtherance, professional advancement, cohort, advocacy.

Ex: The dependence on bosses for recognition, rewards, and advancement breeds an artificiality of relationship, a need to be polite and agreeable.

Ex: In order to denote the concept 'promotion' you have used the special auxiliaries enumerated at 35.07/.08.

Ex: These institutions, bringing higher education to many families for the first time, offered a new channel for upward mobility.

Ex: Upward job mobility, if it leads to geographical relocation, is unacceptable to the majority of professionals.

Ex: This article studies job mobility of men and women librarians and how it affects career advancement.

Ex: Promoting can be via advertising, personal contact or atmospherics (building design for users).

Ex: Several respondents felt that women's rise through the ranks was less meteoric than that of their male colleagues.

Ex: The aims of the centre are the furtherance of teaching and research on any aspect of South Asia.

Ex: Race was identified in previous studies as a perceived barrier to professional advancement.

Ex: This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.

Ex: However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.

* campaña de promoción = promotional campaign, advocacy.

* capacidad de promoción = promotability.

* de promoción = marketing, promotional.

* obtener promoción = arrive at + promotion.

* promoción comercial = marketing.

* promoción de + Año = graduating class of + Año.

* promoción de estudiantes = cohort of students.

* promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.

* promoción de la salud = health promotion.

* promoción de libros = book promotion.

* promoción de productos = product-promoting.

* promoción de ventas = sales promotion.

* promoción en el trabajo = job promotion.

* promoción inmobiliaria = property development.

* promoción laboral = job promotion.

* promoción profesional = career movement, career progression.

* promoción social = social advancement.

* relacionado con la promoción de libros = book-promotional.

* * *

promoción

feminine

A

1 (de una actividad, un producto) promotion

hacer la promoción de un nuevo producto to promote a new product

promoción de ventas sales promotion

2 (ascenso) promotion

B ( Educ):

somos de la misma promoción we graduated together o at the same time

los médicos de la promoción de 1988 the doctors who qualified in 1988

los oficiales de mi promoción ( Mil) the officers who were commissioned at the same time as me

C (en fútbol) play-off

* * *

promoción sustantivo femenino
1
a) (de actividad, producto) promotion;

◊ hacer la promoción de un producto to promote a product

b) ( ascenso) promotion

2 (Educ):
◊ somos de la misma promoción we graduated at the same time

promoción sustantivo femenino
1 (de una persona) promotion
2 (de estudios, etc) year, class: son de la promoción del 58, they graduated together in '58
3 (de un producto) promotion, special offer
' promoción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
escalada
- hornada
English:
advancement
- class
- endorsement
- freebie
- hype
- promotion
- sales promotion
- promotional

* * *

promoción nf

1. [de producto, candidato] promotion

Comp
Com promoción de ventas sales promotion
2. [ascenso] promotion

3. [en deportes] promotion;

van a jugar la promoción they will play off to decide who is promoted

4. [curso] class, year;

compañeros de promoción classmates;

la promoción del 91 the class of 91

* * *

promoción

f

1 en empresa promotion

2 EDU class, Br

year

3 DEP play-offs pl

* * *

promoción nf, pl - ciones

1) : promotion

2) : class, year

3) : play-off (in soccer)

Spanish-English dictionary > promoción

Страницы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с испанского на английский

development+order

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с испанского на английский

development+order

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