defile

fauces, ium ( sing. nom. faux only in Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127, =arteria aspera; cf. Varr. L. L. 10, § 78 Müll.; Charis. p. 72 P. —The abl. sing. fauce sometimes in poets: Ov. H. 9, 98; id. M. 14, 738; Hor. Epod. 14, 4; Phaedr. 1, 1, 3; 1, 8, 4; Mart. 7, 37, 6 al.), f. [cf. Sanscr. bhūka, hole, opening], the upper part of the throat, from the root of the tongue to the entrance of the gullet, the pharynx, throat, gullet (syn.: gula, guttur, jugulum).

Lit.: summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus;

quibus fauces non sunt, ne stomachus quidem est,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

exigua in arteria sub ipsis faucibus lingula est, quae, cum spiramus, attollitur,

Cels. 4, 1: (galli) favent faucibus russis cantu, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 (Trag. v. 250 ed. Vahl.):

sitis fauces tenet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 34:

sitis fauces urit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 214:

lippiunt fauces fame,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 39; 1, 2, 36:

fauces tussientes,

Cels. 5, 25, 11:

nuces videntur fauces exasperare,

Plin. 23, 8, 74, § 142:

fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 20:

infirmatis faucibus, praeconis voce concionatus est,

Suet. Aug. 84 fin.:

propino tibi salutem plenis faucibus,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 16:

merum ingurgitare faucibus plenis,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 39:

exscrea usque ex penitis faucibus,

from the bottom of your throat, id. As. 1, 1, 28:

alicui fauces prehendere,

id. Most. 1, 3, 62; cf.:

qui sacerdoti scelestus fauces interpresserit,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 41:

laqueo innectere fauces,

to strangle, Ov. M. 10, 378; cf.

also: ad necem secandasque novacula fauces,

Suet. Calig. 23:

fauces manu sua oppressit,

id. ib. 12:

retinens singulos et contortis faucibus convertens,

id. Caes. 62.— Trop.:

faucibus teneor,

I am caught by the throat, I feel the knife at my throat, Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 4; cf.:

cum faucibus premeretur,

Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

Timarchides premit fauces defensionis tuae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176: eripite nos ex faucibus eorum, quorum crudelitas, etc., from the jaws, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 225; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

urbem totius belli ore ac faucibus ereptam esse,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

e mediis Orci faucibus ad hunc evasi modum,

App. M. 7, p. 191:

cum inexplebiles populi fauces exaruerunt libertatis siti,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

lupus fauce improba incitatus,

i. e. voracity, Phaedr. 1, 2, 3.—

Transf., of places:

A narrow way, narrow inlet or outlet, an entrance, defile, pass (cf. angustiae): Corinthus posita in angustiis atque in faucibus Graeciae, in the mouth or entrance, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

in Ciliciae angustissimis faucibus,

Curt. 7, 4; cf.:

qua fauces erant angustissimae portus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25, 5:

portus,

id. ib. 3, 24, 1;

3, 39, 2: Masinissam persecutus in valle arta, faucibus utrimque obsessis, inclusit,

Liv. 29, 32, 4:

Aemilius sedens in faucibus macelli,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 145; so,

macelli,

id. Quint. 6, 25:

per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,

the crater, Lucr. 6, 630:

cava flumina siccis faucibus, etc.,

Verg. G. 4, 428:

altae montis,

Lucr. 6, 697:

Nilus multis faucibus in Aegyptium mare se evomit,

through many mouths, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54:

Bospori,

the Dardanelles, id. 6, 1, 1, § 4; Sil. 12, 127:

cum fornacem facies, fauces praecipites deorsum facito,

Cato, R. R. 38, 3: pictis e faucibus currus emittere, from the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 89 ed. Vahl.).—

The jaws of the earth, gulf, abyss:

patefactis terrae faucibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95.

foedo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make foul, filthy, hideous; to defile, pollute, disfigure, mar, deform (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).

Physically:

Harpyiae contactu omnia foedant immundo,

Verg. A. 3, 227:

foedare in pulvere crines,

id. ib. 12, 99:

canitiem vultusque seniles pulvere,

Ov. M. 8, 530:

ignes sanguine per aras,

Verg. A. 2, 502; Ov. M. 3, 723:

tellurem calido sanguine,

id. ib. 6, 238:

brachia tabo,

id. ib. 14, 190:

pectora pugnis, unguibus ora,

Verg. A. 11, 86:

ora,

Tac. Agr. 36:

aliquem verberibus,

id. H. 3, 77: ferro foedati jacent, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 3, 241 (Trag. v. 442 ed. Vahl.); cf.: foedant et proterunt hostium copias, i. e. mar or mutilate with wounds, wound, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 91:

qui me (i. e. Prometheum) perenni vivum foedat miseria, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 2, 10, 24: obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres,

Verg. A. 3, 241:

foedati agri, terror injectus urbi est,

laid waste, Liv. 3, 26, 1.—Of inanim. subjects:

nulla tectoria eorum rimae foedavere,

Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 176: nubes foedavere lumen, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv Verg. A. 2, 286; cf.:

aër assiduo noctem foedaverat imbre,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 538.—

Trop., to disgrace, dishonor, mar, sully: [p. 765] (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios opicos appellatione foedant, Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14:

foedati crimine turpi,

Lucr. 3, 49:

gloriam majorum,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 30; cf.:

Romam ipsam foedavit adventus tuus,

Cic. Pis. 22, 53:

ne vestis serica viros foedaret,

Tac. A. 2, 33:

procerum conubiis mixtis,

id. G. 46:

castra pollui foedarique a Classico ne sinatis,

id. H. 4, 58:

egregia erga populum Romanum merita mox rebelles foedarunt,

id. ib. 4, 37:

foedata per avaritiam victoria,

id. A. 4, 19; 11, 6; 15, 32:

multiplici clade foedatus annus,

Liv. 3, 32, 4.

obsŏlēto, āvi, 1, v. a. [obsoletus], to degrade, soil, sully, stain, defile (eccl. Lat.).

Lit.:

qui vestitum obsoletāssent nuptialem,

Tert. adv. Gnost. 6.—

Trop.:

majestatis vestigia obsoletant,

Tert. Apol. 15.

Pylae, ārum, f., = Pulai (gates, gateways).

In gen., a narrow pass, defile:

Tauri,

between Cappadocia and Cilicia, Cic. Att. 5, 20, 2;

called also Amanicae,

Curt. 3, 8, 13; 3, 4, 2:

Susides,

in Persia, id. 5, 3, 17:

Caspiae,

Mel. 1, 15.—

In partic., the Pass of Thermopylœ, Liv. 32, 4; 36, 15. —Hence,

Pylăĭcus, a, um, adj., Thermopylœan:

concilium,

the congress of the Greeks at Thermopylœ, Liv. 31, 32;

called also Pylaicus conventus,

id. 33, 35.

rē-spergo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to sprinkle over any thing; to besprinkle, bestrew (rare but class.).

Lit.:

praetoris oculos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100:

manus, os, simulacrum sanguine,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

morientium sanguine os uxoris respersum,

id. Phil. 3, 2, 4; id. de Or. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

aliquem cruore,

Liv. 21, 63:

sanguine dextram,

Cat. 64, 230; Curt. 8, 3, 11:

comae respersae sanguine,

Ov. F. 3, 452: caede fraternā juvenis respersus, Cat 64, 181; Suet. Ner. 12; id. Calig. 57:

se sanguine nefando,

Liv. 1, 13:

quidquid fuerat mortale aquis,

Ov. M. 14, 604: vino rogum ne respargito, Lex Numae ap. Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88; cf. Fest. p. 262 Müll.:

alicubi labi necesse est, alicubi respergi,

to be splashed, spattered, Sen. Ira, 3, 6: pelagus respergit, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89. — Poet.: cum primum Aurora respergit lumine terras, Lucr. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 25 (cf. spargit, Lucr. 2, 144):

nullā nube respersus jubar,

i. e. beclouded, dimmed, Sen. Herc. Oet. 723. —

Transf., to spread out:

ut nux repercussa radicem respergat,

Pall. Jan. 15, 15. —

Trop., to besprinkle, bespatter, defile, etc.:

servili probro respersus est,

Tac. H. 1, 48:

aliquem infamiā,

Quint. Decl. 18, 3.

rēspergo, ĭnis, f. [1. respergo], a besprinkling (late Lat.):

marmoris,

Prud. adv. Symm. 1, 503.

scĕlĕro, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to pollute, defile, contaminate, desecrate (in the verb. finit. rare, and only poet.;

syn.: temero, polluo): impia non verita est divos scelerare parentes,

Cat. 64, 405; cf. Stat. Th. 2, 663:

sanguine fauces,

id. ib. 8, 761:

parce pias scelerare manus,

Verg. A. 3, 42:

Cererem,

Juv. 9, 25:

animum,

Sil. 16, 122; cf.:

dextram sanguine,

Stat. Th. 9, 666. —Hence, scĕlĕrātus, a, um, P. a., polluted, profaned by crime.

Lit. (appellatively;

only in the poets): terra,

Verg. A. 3, 60:

terrae,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 29:

limina Thracum,

id. M. 13, 628.—

In partic., as an adj. prop., denoting places where crimes had been committed or criminals punished. So,

Sceleratus Vicus, that part of the Vicus Cyprius, on the Esquiline, in which Tullia, daughter of Servius Tullius, drove over her father ' s corpse, Liv. 1, 48; Varr. L. L. 5, § 159 Müll.; Ov. F. 6, 609; Fest. pp. 332 and 333 Müll.—

Sceleratus Campus, under the city will hard by the porta Collina, where unchaste Vestals were buried alive, Liv. 8, 15; Fest. l. l.; Serv. Verg. A. 11, 206.—

Scelerata sedes, the place of punishment for the wicked in Tartarus, Tib. 1, 3, 67; Ov. M. 4, 455;

also called Sceleratum limen,

Verg. A. 6, 563.—For Scelerata Porta and Castra, v. infra, B. 2. b.—

Transf.

Subjectively, bad, impious, wicked, ac-cursed, infamous, vicious, flagitious; in the masc. subst., a bad, impious, or vicious person; a wretch, miscreant (the predom. signif.; freq. with nefarius, impious, etc.; cf. consceleratus);

of persons: virum sceleratum, facinorosum, nefarium,

Cic. Rep. 3, 17, 27:

deliberantium genus totum sceleratum et impium,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37; id. Mur. 30, 62 (with nefarius); id. Att. 9, 15, 5 (with impurus); Caes. B. G. 6, 13 (with impius); Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 4; Ter. And. 1, 1, 132; id. Ad. 4, 2, 14; Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23; Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Sall. C. 52, 36:

facto plus et sceleratus eodem,

Ov. M. 3, 5:

puella,

id. R. Am. 299; Liv. 1, 59; 31, 31; Suet. Ner. 46; Hor. S. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 221 al.— Comp.:

homo sceleratior,

Ov. M. 11, 781.— Sup.:

refertam esse Graeciam sceleratissimorum hominum,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98; Sall. J. 14, 2; 31, 12; Liv. 4, 32 et saep.—Of things:

sceleratas ejus preces et nefaria vota cognovimus,

Cic. Clu. 68, 194:

contra patriam scelerata arma capere,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1; Ov. M. 5, 102:

conjuratio,

Liv. 2, 6:

insania belli,

Verg. A. 7, 461:

caput,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 33:

vox (with inhumana),

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 130, 3:

amor habendi,

Ov. M. 1, 131:

munera,

id. ib. 8, 94:

ignes,

id. F. 6, 439.— Comp.:

a sceleratiore hastā,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 29:

causa parricidii,

Just. 10, 2, 1. — Sup.:

res,

Quint. 3, 8, 45:

fraus humani ingenii,

Plin. 34, 14, 39, § 138.— Poet.:

subit ira sceleratas sumere poenas,

i.e. to take satisfaction for her crimes, Verg. A. 2, 576. —

(As a result of viciousness or criminality; cf. scelus, II. C.) Hurtful, harmful, noxious, pernicious, unhappy, unfortunate, calamitous, etc. (only poet. and in postAug. prose):

teritur sinapis scelerata: qui terunt, oculi ut exstillent, facit,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 28:

herba,

App. Herb. 8.— Sup.:

sceleratissimis serpentium haemorrhoidi et presteri,

Plin. 24, 13, 73, § 117:

frigus,

Verg. G. 2, 256:

lues,

Mart. 1, 102, 6:

poëmata,

id. 3, 50, 9 et saep.: MATER, Inscr. Rein. cl. 12, 122; so Inscr. Fabr. p. 237, 631:

PARENTES,

Inscr. Murat. 1187, 2.—

Made hurtful, i. e. poisoned:

scelerata sucis spicula,

Sil. 3, 272.—

As an adj. prop.

Scelerata Porta, the gate (also called Porta Carmentalis) through which the three hundred Fabii marched on their fatal expedition, Fest. pp. 334 and 335 Müll.; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 337; Flor. 1, 12, 2.—

Scelerata Castra, the camp in which D. Drusus died, Suet. Claud. 1.—Hence, adv.: scĕlĕrātē (acc. to B. 1.), impiously, wickedly, nefariously (Ciceronian):

peccavi scelerateque feci,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 2:

facere (with audacter),

id. Sull. 24, 67:

dicere (opp. pie),

id. Mil. 38, 103:

susceptum bellum,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 27.— Comp.:

sceleratius,

Vulg. Ezech. 16, 52. — Sup.:

sceleratissime machinatus omnes insidias,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

sordĭdo, āre, v. a. [sordidus], to dirty, foul, defile, pollute (late Lat.).

Lit.:

terram moto pulvere,

Sid. Carm. 23, 347.—

Trop.: templum cordis malis cogitationibus, Lact. de Ira Dei, 23, 28; 5, 19, 34; cf. Prisc. 800 P.

spurco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make filthy, to befoul, defile (rare; syn.: polluo, contamino).

Lit.:

si quis fimo aliquem pertuderit, luto oblinierit, aquā spurcaverit,

Dig. 47, 11, 1:

vinum,

ib. 9, 2, 27:

ex istoc loco spurcatur nasum odore inlutili,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 57.—

Trop.:

senectus Spurcata impuris moribus,

Cat. 108, 2.— P. a.: spurcātus, a, um, sup.:

helluo spurcatissimus,

most foul, Cic. Dom. 10, 25 B. and K.

spurco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make filthy, to befoul, defile (rare; syn.: polluo, contamino).

Lit.:

si quis fimo aliquem pertuderit, luto oblinierit, aquā spurcaverit,

Dig. 47, 11, 1:

vinum,

ib. 9, 2, 27:

ex istoc loco spurcatur nasum odore inlutili,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 57.—

Trop.:

senectus Spurcata impuris moribus,

Cat. 108, 2.— P. a.: spurcātus, a, um, sup.:

helluo spurcatissimus,

most foul, Cic. Dom. 10, 25 B. and K.