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81 flan|ka
f 1. Wojsk. (skrzydło szyku wojskowego) flank- na prawej flance on the right flank- atak na flankę a flank attack- atak z flanki a flanking attack- osłaniać lewą flankę to cover the left flank2. Wojsk. (narożnik twierdzy) corner tower; (bok twierdzy) flank- bronić północnej flanki to defend the northern flank3. Sport wing- ustawić zawodnika na flance to put a player on the wing- strzelać z flanki to shoot from the wingThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > flan|ka
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82 запазя
запа̀зя,запа̀звам гл.1. ( задържам, съхранявам) keep, preserve, retain, save; ( продукти) preserve; ( място, легло и пр.) reserve, book; ( ред и пр.) maintain; ( тайна) keep; ( работа, пост и пр.) hold down; \запазя в паметта си retain/keep in o.’s memory; \запазя за спомен keep as a souvenir; \запазя здравето си preserve o.’s health; \запазя мнозинството си (за партия и пр.) retain majority; \запазя поданството си hold on to/retain o.’s citizenship; \запазя присъствие на духа keep o.’s presence of mind; \запазя реда си keep o.’s place; \запазя си правото (да) reserve the right (to); \запазя хубавата си фигура/хубостта си keep o.’s figure/o.’s looks;2. ( закрилям) guard (от from, against), protect (from), defend, shield (against); \запазя мира safeguard peace;\запазя се keep; remain; (за човек) be (well) preserved. -
83 stoutly
stoutly ['staʊtlɪ](a) (firmly, resolutely → resist, defend, oppose) avec acharnement; (→ support) fidèlement, loyalement;∎ she still stoutly maintains she was in the right elle continue à prétendre dur comme fer qu'elle avait raison∎ stoutly built houses des maisons solides -
84 Zahn
m; -(e)s, Zähne1. ANAT. tooth; falsche oder künstliche Zähne false teeth, dentures; die ersten / zweiten Zähne one’s milk ( oder first) / adult ( oder second) teeth; die dritten Zähne hum. false teeth; Zähne bekommen cut one’s teeth; sich (Dat) die Zähne putzen brush one’s teeth; die Zähne zeigen Tier: show ( oder bare) its teeth; umg., fig. show one’s teeth3. fig.: bis an die Zähne bewaffnet armed to the teeth; der Zahn der Zeit the ravages of time; jemandem auf den Zahn fühlen sound s.o. out; etwas für den hohlen Zahn umg. not enough to keep a sparrow alive, a minute portion; mit langen Zähnen essen umg. pick at one’s food, have to force s.th. down; den Zahn hab ich ihm gezogen umg. I soon put him right about that, I knocked that idea on the head straight away; mit Zähnen und Klauen verteidigen umg. defend tooth and nail; ausbeißen, knirschen, zusammenbeißen4. umg. (Tempo) lick; einen Zahn zulegen step on it; Autofahrer: auch put one’s foot down; mit einem tollen Zahn at a terrific lick; einen ziemlichen Zahn draufhaben be going at quite a lick; schneller: be going like the clappers (Am. like a bat out of hell)* * *der Zahncog; sprocket; tooth* * *[tsaːn]m -(e)s, -e['tsɛːnə]die dritten Zähne (hum) — false teeth
diese Portion reicht or ist für den hohlen Záhn (inf) — that's hardly enough to satisfy a mouse (inf)
der Záhn der Zeit — the ravages pl of time
ihm tut kein Záhn mehr weh (inf) — he's gone to join his ancestors
die Zähne zeigen (Tier) — to bare its teeth; (fig inf) to show one's teeth
jdm einen Záhn ziehen (lit) — to pull a tooth out, to extract a tooth; (fig) to put an idea out of sb's head
ich muss mir einen Záhn ziehen lassen — I've got to have a tooth out or extracted
den Záhn kannst du dir ruhig ziehen lassen! (fig inf) — you can put that idea right out of your head!
See:→ bewaffnet, ausbeißen2) (inf = Geschwindigkeit)einen Záhn draufhaben — to be going like the clappers (inf)
mit einem unheimlichen Záhn — at an incredible lick (inf)
See:→ zulegen* * *der1) (any of the hard, bone-like objects that grow in the mouth and are used for biting and chewing: He has had a tooth out at the dentist's.) tooth2) (something that looks or acts like a tooth: the teeth of a comb/saw.) tooth* * *<-[e]s, Zähne>[tsa:n, pl tsɛ:nə]m1. (Teil des Gebisses) toothdie dritten Zähne (hum) false teethdie ersten Zähne milk [or baby] teethfalsche [o künstliche] Zähne false teeth fam, artificial denturesfauler \Zahn rotten toothvorstehende Zähne protruding [or goofy] teeth fam, overbitedie zweiten Zähne one's second set of teeth, adult teethjd klappert mit den Zähnen sb's teeth chattermit den Zähnen knirschen to grind one's teethjdm/sich die Zähne putzen to brush sb's/one's teethdie Zähne zeigen to show [or bare] one's teethjdm einen/einen \Zahn ziehen to pull sb's/a tootheinen \Zahn drauf haben (fam) to drive at a breakneck speedeinen \Zahn zulegen (fam) to step on it4. (sl: Mädchen, Frau)5.▶ das reicht gerade für den hohlen \Zahn that wouldn't keep a sparrow alive, that's just a snack* * *der; Zahn[e]s, Zähne1) tooth; (an einer Briefmarke usw.) serrationsich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen — have a tooth out
2) (fig.)der Zahn der Zeit — (ugs.) the ravages pl. of time
[jemandem] die Zähne zeigen — (ugs.) show [somebody] one's teeth
die Zähne zusammenbeißen — (ugs.) grit one's teeth
sich (Dat.) an jemandem/etwas die Zähne ausbeißen — (ugs.) get nowhere with somebody/something
jemandem auf den Zahn fühlen — (ugs.) sound somebody out
3) (ugs.): (Tempo)einen Zahn zulegen — get a move on (coll.)
* * *1. ANAT tooth;künstliche Zähne false teeth, dentures;die dritten Zähne hum false teeth;Zähne bekommen cut one’s teeth;sich (dat)die Zähne putzen brush one’s teeth;3. fig:bis an die Zähne bewaffnet armed to the teeth;der Zahn der Zeit the ravages of time;jemandem auf den Zahn fühlen sound sb out;etwas für den hohlen Zahn umg not enough to keep a sparrow alive, a minute portion;den Zahn hab ich ihm gezogen umg I soon put him right about that, I knocked that idea on the head straight away;4. umg (Tempo) lick;einen Zahn zulegen step on it; Autofahrer: auch put one’s foot down;mit einem tollen Zahn at a terrific lick;einen ziemlichen Zahn draufhaben be going at quite a lick; schneller: be going like the clappers (US like a bat out of hell)5. jugendspr, obs:steiler Zahn hot stuff, a bit of all right* * *der; Zahn[e]s, Zähne1) tooth; (an einer Briefmarke usw.) serrationsich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen — have a tooth out
2) (fig.)der Zahn der Zeit — (ugs.) the ravages pl. of time
[jemandem] die Zähne zeigen — (ugs.) show [somebody] one's teeth
die Zähne zusammenbeißen — (ugs.) grit one's teeth
sich (Dat.) an jemandem/etwas die Zähne ausbeißen — (ugs.) get nowhere with somebody/something
jemandem auf den Zahn fühlen — (ugs.) sound somebody out
3) (ugs.): (Tempo)einen Zahn zulegen — get a move on (coll.)
* * *¨-e m.sprocket n.tooth n.(§ pl.: teeth) -
85 behaupten
I v/t1. claim, maintain, say; (in einer Diskussion) argue; förm. assert, allege; er behauptet zu wissen,... he claims to know,..., he maintains ( oder says) that he knows...; jemandem gegenüber behaupten, dass tell s.o. that; steif und fest behaupten, dass insist ( oder swear) that; Sie wollen also tatsächlich behaupten, dass... are you trying to tell me that...?, do you (actually) mean to say that...?; das kann man nicht ( gerade) behaupten you can’t exactly say that; es wird von ihm behauptet, dass... he is said to (+ Inf.), it is said ( oder they say) that he...; ich will nicht behaupten, dass... I’m not arguing that...2. (erfolgreich verteidigen) defend; (Meinung) maintain; seinen Platz behaupten maintain one’s position; seine Vorteile zu behaupten wissen know how to defend one’s advantages; das Feld behaupten stand one’s groundII v/refl1. assert o.s.; gegenüber Widerständen: auch hold one’s own, stand one’s ground; bes. MIL. prevail; sich gegen jemanden / etw. behaupten auch stand up against s.o. / s.th.; sich in seiner Stellung behaupten maintain one’s position2. SPORT come out on top3. WIRTS., Kurse, Preise: remain firm* * *to claim; to purport; to maintain; to predicate; to certify; to say; to defend; to contend; to assert; to aver; to argue; to allege* * *be|haup|ten [bə'hauptn] ptp behauptet1. vtsteif und fest beháúpten — to insist
von jdm beháúpten, dass... — to say of sb that...
es wird behauptet, dass... — it is said or claimed that...
2) (= erfolgreich verteidigen) Stellung, Recht to maintain; Meinung to assert; Markt to keep one's share ofSee:→ Feld2. vrto assert oneself; (bei Diskussion) to hold one's own or one's ground (gegenüber, gegen against)sich auf dem Markt beháúpten — to maintain one's hold on the market
* * *1) (to say, especially in making a legal statement, without giving proof: He alleged that I had been with the accused on the night of the murder.) allege2) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) claim3) ((with that) to say or maintain (that).) contend4) (to continue to argue or believe (that): I maintain that the theory is true.) maintain* * *be·haup·ten *[bəˈhauptn̩]I. vt1. (als unbewiesene Äußerung aufstellen)▪ etw [von jdm/etw] \behaupten to claim [or maintain] [or assert] sth [about sb/sth]wer das [von ihr] behauptet, lügt! whoever says that [about her] is lying!▪ \behaupten, dass... to claim that...ich behaupte ja nicht, dass ich immer Recht habe I don't claim to be right all the time, I'm not claiming that I am always right▪ von jdm \behaupten, dass... to say of sb that...▪ es wird [von jdm] behauptet, dass... it is said [or claimed] [of sb] that...etw getrost \behaupten können to be able to safely say sth2. (aufrechterhalten)▪ etw \behaupten to maintain sthseinen Vorsprung gegen jdn \behaupten [können] to [manage] to maintain one's lead over sbSafin konnte sich gegen Federer \behaupten Safin held his own against Federer; BÖRSE Aktie to steady* * *1.transitives Verb1) maintain; assertbehaupten, jemand zu sein/etwas zu wissen — claim to be somebody/know something
2) (verteidigen) maintain < position>; s. auch Feld 6)2.reflexives Verb1) hold one's ground; (sich durchsetzen) assert oneself; (fortbestehen) survivedie Kirche/der Dollar konnte sich behaupten — the church/the dollar was able to maintain its position
2) (Sport) win through* * *A. v/ter behauptet zu wissen, … he claims to know, …, he maintains ( oder says) that he knows …;jemandem gegenüber behaupten, dass tell sb that;steif und fest behaupten, dass insist ( oder swear) that;Sie wollen also tatsächlich behaupten, dass … are you trying to tell me that …?, do you (actually) mean to say that …?;das kann man nicht (gerade) behaupten you can’t exactly say that;ich will nicht behaupten, dass … I’m not arguing that …seinen Platz behaupten maintain one’s position;seine Vorteile zu behaupten wissen know how to defend one’s advantages;das Feld behaupten stand one’s groundB. v/r1. assert o.s.; gegenüber Widerständen: auch hold one’s own, stand one’s ground; besonders MIL prevail;sich gegen jemanden/etwas behaupten auch stand up against sb/sth;sich in seiner Stellung behaupten maintain one’s position2. SPORT come out on top3. WIRTSCH, Kurse, Preise: remain firm* * *1.transitives Verb1) maintain; assert2.behaupten, jemand zu sein/etwas zu wissen — claim to be somebody/know something
reflexives Verb1) hold one's ground; (sich durchsetzen) assert oneself; (fortbestehen) survivedie Kirche/der Dollar konnte sich behaupten — the church/the dollar was able to maintain its position
2) (Sport) win through* * *v.to affirm v.to allege v.to argue v.to assent v.to assert v.to aver v.to claim v.to claim kindred with someone expr.to purport v.to suggest v. -
86 leer
v.1 to read.leo el francés, pero no lo hablo I can read French, but I can't speak itleer el pensamiento a alguien to read somebody's mindleer en alto to read aloudElla lee a Thoreau todo el tiempo She reads Thoreau all the time.A ella le gusta leer a Cervantes She likes to read Cervantes.2 to lecture, to instruct publicly.* * *(the i ending changes to y before o and e)Past IndicativeImperfect SubjunctiveFuture Subjunctive* * *verb* * *1.VT to readleer el pensamiento a algn — to read sb's mind o thoughts
2.VI to read"al que leyere" — "to the reader"
* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <libro/texto> to readb) (Educ) < tesis doctoral> to defendc) (Inf) to scan2.leer vi to read3.leerse v pron (enf) to read* * *= read, get through, look over.Ex. A user may reject a document because it is in a language that he cannot read or because it was written too long ago.Ex. Some children cannot get through a longer story or novel in less time.Ex. It would be of enormous help to us if you could put a few things together for us to look over.----* capacidad de leer = reading skills.* capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.* continuar leyendo = read on.* derecho a leer = right to read.* deseoso de leer = reading-desirous.* fácil de leer = easy-to-read.* gafas para leer = reading glasses.* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.* leer con atención = peruse.* leer con dificultad = wade through.* leer con escáner = scan.* leer de aquí y allí = dip into.* leer de cabo a rabo = read + from cover to cover.* leer de principio a fin = read + from cover to cover.* leer el pensamiento = read + Posesivo + mind, read + Posesivo + thoughts.* leer en voz alta = read + aloud, read + out loud.* leer la mente = read + Posesivo + mind, read + Posesivo + thoughts.* leerle la cartilla a Alguien = a good talking to.* leer los labios = lip-read.* leer mal = misread.* leer por encima = browse, skim, skim read.* leer rápidamente buscando algo = scan.* leer rápidamente por encima = skim through.* leer superficialmente = skim, skim read.* leer una ponencia = read + paper.* máquina para leer = reading machine.* necesitar gafas para leer = need + reading glasses.* persona que no le gusta leer = aliterate.* releer = reread [re-read].* saber leer y escribir = be literate.* sin leer = unread.* valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.* volver a leer = reread [re-read].* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <libro/texto> to readb) (Educ) < tesis doctoral> to defendc) (Inf) to scan2.leer vi to read3.leerse v pron (enf) to read* * *= read, get through, look over.Ex: A user may reject a document because it is in a language that he cannot read or because it was written too long ago.
Ex: Some children cannot get through a longer story or novel in less time.Ex: It would be of enormous help to us if you could put a few things together for us to look over.* capacidad de leer = reading skills.* capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.* continuar leyendo = read on.* derecho a leer = right to read.* deseoso de leer = reading-desirous.* fácil de leer = easy-to-read.* gafas para leer = reading glasses.* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.* leer con atención = peruse.* leer con dificultad = wade through.* leer con escáner = scan.* leer de aquí y allí = dip into.* leer de cabo a rabo = read + from cover to cover.* leer de principio a fin = read + from cover to cover.* leer el pensamiento = read + Posesivo + mind, read + Posesivo + thoughts.* leer en voz alta = read + aloud, read + out loud.* leer la mente = read + Posesivo + mind, read + Posesivo + thoughts.* leerle la cartilla a Alguien = a good talking to.* leer los labios = lip-read.* leer mal = misread.* leer por encima = browse, skim, skim read.* leer rápidamente buscando algo = scan.* leer rápidamente por encima = skim through.* leer superficialmente = skim, skim read.* leer una ponencia = read + paper.* máquina para leer = reading machine.* necesitar gafas para leer = need + reading glasses.* persona que no le gusta leer = aliterate.* releer = reread [re-read].* saber leer y escribir = be literate.* sin leer = unread.* valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.* volver a leer = reread [re-read].* * *vt1 ‹libro/texto› to readun libro muy leído a widely-read book¿has leído a García Márquez? have you read García Márquez?no habla alemán pero lo lee she can't speak German, but she can read itleer los labios to lip-readleer la mano de algn to read sb's palm2 (adivinar) to readjusto lo que iba a decir, me has leído el pensamiento just what I was going to say! you must have read my mindestás enamorada, lo leo en tus ojos you're in love, I can see it in your eyes3 ( Educ) ‹tesis doctoral› to defend4 ( Inf) to scan■ leervito readno sabe leer he can't readleer en voz alta/baja to read aloud/quietly■ leerse( enf) to read¿te lo has leído todo entero? have you read it all?* * *
leer ( conjugate leer) verbo transitivo
leerle el pensamiento a algn to read sb's mind
c) (Inf) to scan
verbo intransitivo
to read
leer verbo transitivo to read
leer los labios, to lip-read
leer una partitura, to read a score
♦ Locuciones: figurado leerle la cartilla a alguien, to tell sb off
leer entre líneas, to read between the lines
' leer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cartilla
- curiosidad
- deformación
- despachar
- edad
- faltar
- hábito
- modular
- mordaz
- novelón
- pensamiento
- prensa
- sana
- sano
- sinfín
- analfabeto
- desde
- huevo
- labio
- leyeron
- línea
- luz
- voz
English:
amazing
- hardly
- leer
- lip-read
- literate
- make out
- manage
- misread
- nonfiction
- plough through
- precocious
- read
- read out
- reading glasses
- reread
- scour
- skim
- unreadable
- whip through
- can
- cover
- dirty
- fail
- get
- line
- lip
- love
- must
- peruse
- plow
- reading
* * *♦ vt1. [libro] to read;leo el francés, pero no lo hablo I can read French, but I can't speak it;leer el pensamiento a alguien to read sb's mind;leer la mano a alguien to read sb's palm;leer los labios a alguien to read sb's lips;todavía no sabe leer la hora he still hasn't learned to tell the time3. Informát to read♦ vito read;leer en alto to read aloud;leer de corrido to read fluently;leer entre líneas to read between the lines* * *v/t & v/i read;leer en voz alta read aloud, read out loud;leer música read music* * *leer {20} v: to read* * *¿has leído el periódico de hoy? have you read today's newspaper?¿te gusta leer? do you like reading? -
87 צדק
צָדַק(b. h.; reduplic. of זק; cmp. זָכָה) (to be clear, pure, sincere, to be right, true, just; to be cleared. Y.Snh.IV, 22b top יכול אם צ׳ בדינך יִצְדַּק בדיני you may think, if he (the guilty) is cleared in thy court, he will also be cleared in my (Gods) court. Pi. צִדֵּק 1) (cmp. זכה) to act in favor of a person; to be liberal. B. Bath.88b (ref. to Deut. 25:15) צַדֶּק משלך ותן לו be liberal with what is thine own and give it to him, i. e. add overweight and overmeasure (גֵּירוּמִים); Ḥull.134a (ref. to the poor mans share). Num. R. s. 2 (ref. to ואתן צדק Job 26:3) צי׳ עמהם שלאוכ׳ the Lord dealt kindly with them in not changing their arrangements. 2) to justify, declare or consider a person right; to defend. Gen. R. s. 49 (ref. to Ps. 45:8) אהבת לצַדֵּק את בריותיוכ׳ thou (Abraham) lovest to defend my creatures, and hatest to condemn them. Y.Snh.IV, beg.22a צַדְּקֵיהוּ consider him to be right (a true witness), opp. חקריהו cross-examine him; Deut. R. s. 5.Esp. צ׳ את הדין to justify Gods judgment, to submit to divine dispensation as just, to punishment as deserved. Sifra Shmini, introd. כיון ששמע אהרן כן צ׳ … ושתק when Aaron heard this, he submitted to divine judgment and kept his peace (Lev. 10:3). Ib. אברהם צי׳ עליווכ׳ Abraham resigned himself to Gods will, for we read (Gen. 18:27), ‘I am dust and ashes. Ib. צִידְּקוּ עליהםוכ׳ they resigned themselves Y.Sot.VIII, 22c bot. צ̇ד̇ק̇יהו שצ̇יד̇ק̇ עליווכ׳. Shallum was surnamed Zedekiah (justifier of God), because he justified Gods judgment upon him. Ab. Zar.18a בשעה שיצאו … צידקו עליהםוכ׳ all three of them, when they were taken out for execution, resigned themselves (reciting an appropriate Bible verse); a. fr.Part. pass. מְצוּדָּק; pl. מְצוּדָּקִים. Mekh. Mishp., s. 20 (ref. to Ex. 23:8) שונא דברים המצ׳וכ׳ he will hate the justified words (the exhortations to justice) spoken at Sinai; Yalk. Ex. 353 (not דברי). Hif. הִצְדִּיק 1) to justify, clear, declare to be right; to make virtuous. Snh.10a (ref. to Deut. 25:1) עדים שהרשיעו את הצדיק ואתו … והִצְדִּיקוּוכ׳ when witnesses denounced an innocent man, and other witnesses came and justified him that was right, and thus exposed those (first witnesses) as wicked men; Macc.2b. Gen. R. s. 21 (ref. to Ps. 16:5) לכשיקיץ … אני מַצְדִּיקוֹ מאותה גזרה when he that is created in thine (Adams) image shall awake (when the Messiah comes) …, then I shall clear him from this decree (of expulsion from Eden). Lev. R. s. 4, beg. (ref. to Koh. 3:16) מקום שהִצְדַּקְתִּיםוכ׳ there where I made them virtuous and called them divine beings …, there they acted wickedly Gen. R. s. 43 (ref. to Gen. 14:18) מַצְדִּיקוכ׳ המקום הזה this place (Salem-Jerusalem) makes its inhabitants righteous.ה׳ עליו את הדין to deal strictly with. Taan.8a כל המצדיק … מַצְדִּיקִין עליו את הדיןוכ׳ he who makes himself righteous here below (who strives for righteousness) is judged righteously (strictly dealt with) in the judgment above (cmp. Yeb.121b quot. s. v. דִּקְדֵּק). Hor.11b (play on צדקיהו) אמר לו יה יַצְדִּיק עליךוכ׳ he (Nebuchadnezzar) said to him, Yah shall deal strictly with thee, if thou wilt rebel against me; a. fr. 2) to treat with צְדָקָה, to be liberal towards. Y.Peah IV, end 18c (alluding to Ps. 82:3) עני ורש הַצְדִּיקוּהוּ במתנותיו (not ועשיר) treat the poor and needy liberally as regards the gifts belonging to him (v. Ḥull.134a quot. supra). 3) ה׳ את הדין to submit to divine judgment, be resigned (v. supra). Sifra l. c. למודים צדיקים שמַצְדִּיקִיםוכ׳ the righteous are wont to resign themselves to the will of God. Taan.11a מצדיק עליווכ׳ he acknowledges the justice of the verdict and says, you have judged me rightly Ber.19a והוא עומד ומצדיקוכ׳ he (the mourner) stands up and declares the judgment to be just ; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּצְדָּק justified, lawfully qualified. Gitt.86a (in a Chaldaic formula of sale of a slave) מ׳ לעבדו, v. עַבְדּוּתָא. Hithpa. הִצְטַדֵּק to justify ones self, excuse ones self. Gen. R. s. 92 (ref. to Gen. 44:16) מה נִצְטַּדָּק בדינה how can we justify ourselves for what we have done in the case of Dinah (that we killed the Shechemites)? ; Yalk. ib. 150. -
88 צָדַק
צָדַק(b. h.; reduplic. of זק; cmp. זָכָה) (to be clear, pure, sincere, to be right, true, just; to be cleared. Y.Snh.IV, 22b top יכול אם צ׳ בדינך יִצְדַּק בדיני you may think, if he (the guilty) is cleared in thy court, he will also be cleared in my (Gods) court. Pi. צִדֵּק 1) (cmp. זכה) to act in favor of a person; to be liberal. B. Bath.88b (ref. to Deut. 25:15) צַדֶּק משלך ותן לו be liberal with what is thine own and give it to him, i. e. add overweight and overmeasure (גֵּירוּמִים); Ḥull.134a (ref. to the poor mans share). Num. R. s. 2 (ref. to ואתן צדק Job 26:3) צי׳ עמהם שלאוכ׳ the Lord dealt kindly with them in not changing their arrangements. 2) to justify, declare or consider a person right; to defend. Gen. R. s. 49 (ref. to Ps. 45:8) אהבת לצַדֵּק את בריותיוכ׳ thou (Abraham) lovest to defend my creatures, and hatest to condemn them. Y.Snh.IV, beg.22a צַדְּקֵיהוּ consider him to be right (a true witness), opp. חקריהו cross-examine him; Deut. R. s. 5.Esp. צ׳ את הדין to justify Gods judgment, to submit to divine dispensation as just, to punishment as deserved. Sifra Shmini, introd. כיון ששמע אהרן כן צ׳ … ושתק when Aaron heard this, he submitted to divine judgment and kept his peace (Lev. 10:3). Ib. אברהם צי׳ עליווכ׳ Abraham resigned himself to Gods will, for we read (Gen. 18:27), ‘I am dust and ashes. Ib. צִידְּקוּ עליהםוכ׳ they resigned themselves Y.Sot.VIII, 22c bot. צ̇ד̇ק̇יהו שצ̇יד̇ק̇ עליווכ׳. Shallum was surnamed Zedekiah (justifier of God), because he justified Gods judgment upon him. Ab. Zar.18a בשעה שיצאו … צידקו עליהםוכ׳ all three of them, when they were taken out for execution, resigned themselves (reciting an appropriate Bible verse); a. fr.Part. pass. מְצוּדָּק; pl. מְצוּדָּקִים. Mekh. Mishp., s. 20 (ref. to Ex. 23:8) שונא דברים המצ׳וכ׳ he will hate the justified words (the exhortations to justice) spoken at Sinai; Yalk. Ex. 353 (not דברי). Hif. הִצְדִּיק 1) to justify, clear, declare to be right; to make virtuous. Snh.10a (ref. to Deut. 25:1) עדים שהרשיעו את הצדיק ואתו … והִצְדִּיקוּוכ׳ when witnesses denounced an innocent man, and other witnesses came and justified him that was right, and thus exposed those (first witnesses) as wicked men; Macc.2b. Gen. R. s. 21 (ref. to Ps. 16:5) לכשיקיץ … אני מַצְדִּיקוֹ מאותה גזרה when he that is created in thine (Adams) image shall awake (when the Messiah comes) …, then I shall clear him from this decree (of expulsion from Eden). Lev. R. s. 4, beg. (ref. to Koh. 3:16) מקום שהִצְדַּקְתִּיםוכ׳ there where I made them virtuous and called them divine beings …, there they acted wickedly Gen. R. s. 43 (ref. to Gen. 14:18) מַצְדִּיקוכ׳ המקום הזה this place (Salem-Jerusalem) makes its inhabitants righteous.ה׳ עליו את הדין to deal strictly with. Taan.8a כל המצדיק … מַצְדִּיקִין עליו את הדיןוכ׳ he who makes himself righteous here below (who strives for righteousness) is judged righteously (strictly dealt with) in the judgment above (cmp. Yeb.121b quot. s. v. דִּקְדֵּק). Hor.11b (play on צדקיהו) אמר לו יה יַצְדִּיק עליךוכ׳ he (Nebuchadnezzar) said to him, Yah shall deal strictly with thee, if thou wilt rebel against me; a. fr. 2) to treat with צְדָקָה, to be liberal towards. Y.Peah IV, end 18c (alluding to Ps. 82:3) עני ורש הַצְדִּיקוּהוּ במתנותיו (not ועשיר) treat the poor and needy liberally as regards the gifts belonging to him (v. Ḥull.134a quot. supra). 3) ה׳ את הדין to submit to divine judgment, be resigned (v. supra). Sifra l. c. למודים צדיקים שמַצְדִּיקִיםוכ׳ the righteous are wont to resign themselves to the will of God. Taan.11a מצדיק עליווכ׳ he acknowledges the justice of the verdict and says, you have judged me rightly Ber.19a והוא עומד ומצדיקוכ׳ he (the mourner) stands up and declares the judgment to be just ; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּצְדָּק justified, lawfully qualified. Gitt.86a (in a Chaldaic formula of sale of a slave) מ׳ לעבדו, v. עַבְדּוּתָא. Hithpa. הִצְטַדֵּק to justify ones self, excuse ones self. Gen. R. s. 92 (ref. to Gen. 44:16) מה נִצְטַּדָּק בדינה how can we justify ourselves for what we have done in the case of Dinah (that we killed the Shechemites)? ; Yalk. ib. 150. -
89 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
90 sostener
v.1 to support, to hold up.sostenme esto, por favor hold this for me, pleaseLa columna sostiene la pared The column supports the wall.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.2 to defend (defender) (idea, opinión, tesis).sostener que… to maintain that…3 to support.4 to hold, to have (tener) (conversación).sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with somebody5 to sustain.La organización sostiene a María The organization sustains Mary.6 to maintain to.Ella sostiene tener crédito She maintains to have a credit.7 to claim to, to hold to.Elsa sostiene la verdad Elsa sustains=adduces the truth.Ella sostuvo ser la heredera She claimed to be the heiress.* * *1 (mantener firme) to support, hold up2 (sujetar) to hold4 figurado (soportar) to endure, bear, put up with5 figurado (defender) to defend, uphold7 figurado (alimentar) to support, keep8 figurado (velocidad, correspondencia, relación, etc) to keep up, maintain1 (mantenerse) to support oneself; (de pie) to stand up2 (permanecer) to stay, remain\sostener la palabra figurado to keep one's wordsostener una conversación figurado to hold a conversationsostener la mirada a alguien figurado to stare somebody out* * *verb1) to support2) hold3) defend, uphold4) maintain, sustain•* * *1. VT1) (=sujetar)a) [en las manos, los brazos] to hold¡sostén esto un momentito! — hold this a minute!
yo llevaba las cajas mientras él me sostenía la puerta — I carried the boxes while he held the door open for me
b) [en pie] [+ construcción, edificio, techo] to hold up, supportlos pilares que sostienen el puente — the pillars which hold up o support the bridge
las piernas apenas me sostenían — my legs could barely hold me up o support me
entró borracho, sostenido por dos amigos — he came in drunk, held up o supported by two friends
c) (=soportar) [+ peso, carga] to bear, carry, sustain frm2) (=proporcionar apoyo a)a) [económicamente] to supportalgunas de las alternativas sugeridas para sostener al club — some of the alternatives suggested to keep the club going
b) (=alimentar) to support, sustain frmla tierra no da para sostener a todo el mundo — the land does not provide enough to support o frm sustain everyone
c) [moralmente] to supportuna mayoría capaz de sostener al Gobierno — a majority large enough to keep o support the government in power
3) (=mantener)a) [+ opinión] to holdsostiene un punto de vista muy diferente — he has o holds a very different point of view
no tiene datos suficientes para sostener esa afirmación — she doesn't have enough information to back up o support that statement
la investigación no ha terminado, como sostiene el juez — the investigation has not concluded, as the judge maintains o holds
sigue sosteniendo que es inocente — she still maintains o holds that she is innocent
b) [+ situación] to maintain, keep upno podrán sostener su puesto en la clasificación — they won't be able to maintain o keep up their place in the ranking
los campesinos han sostenido desde siempre una fuerte lucha con el medio — country people have always kept up o carried on a hard struggle against the environment
•
sostener la mirada de algn — to hold sb's gaze4) (=tener) [+ conversación, enfrentamiento, polémica] to have[+ reunión, audiencia]sostuvo recientemente un enfrentamiento con el presidente — he recently had a clash with the president
5) (Mús) [+ nota] to hold, sustain2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( apoyar)a) <estructura/techo> to hold up, support; <carga/peso> to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos — it needed both of them to support him o hold him up o prop him up
b) ( en un estado) to keep2) (sujetar, tener cogido) < paquete> to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo — don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3) <conversación/relación/reunión> to have4)a) ( opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que... — I have always maintained o held that...
b) <argumento/afirmación> to support, back up5)a) <lucha/ritmo/resistencia> to keep up, sustainb) (Mús) < nota> to hold, sustain2.sostenerse v pron1)a) ( no caerse)b) ( en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder — she managed to stay o remain in power
2) ( mantenerse)se sostiene a base de leche — she lives on o survives on milk
* * *sostener11 = sustain, balance, hold.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio held.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.
Ex: He lifted about five lines from the top of the nearest page on a setting rule and balanced it on his left hand, with the face of the letter towards him and the last line uppermost.Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.sostener22 = be + Posesivo + contention, contend, submit, uphold, underpin, hold, maintain.Ex: It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.
Ex: The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.Ex: I submit that no ordinary, right-minded library user who is looking for Western Behavioral Institute is going to look under LA JOLLA, California.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.* sostener la opinión = argue.* sostener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.* * *vtA (apoyar)1 ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support; ‹carga/peso› to beartenían que sostenerlo los dos it needed both of them to support him o hold him o prop him up2 (en un estado) to keeplas fuerzas que lo sostuvieron en el poder the forces which kept him in powerlo único que la sostiene es la fuerza de voluntad it's sheer willpower that's keeping her going3 (sustentar) ‹familia› to support, maintainB (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹paquete› to holdno tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you o I'll keep hold of yousostén la puerta hold the door openponte un pasador para sostener el pelo put a barrette ( AmE) o ( BrE) slide in your hair to keep it in place ( o up etc)C ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to havesostuvieron una acalorada discusión they had a heated discussionno he sostenido nunca una relación duradera I've never had a lasting relationshipla polémica que sostiene con Godoy the dispute that he and Godoy are engaged in o that he is carrying on with GodoyD1 (opinar) to holdyo siempre he sostenido que … I have always maintained o held that …2 ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back upno tienes pruebas para sostener esa afirmación you don't have any proof to back up o support that statementE1 ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustainla miró y ella sostuvo su mirada he looked at her and she held his gaze2 ( Mús) ‹nota› to hold, sustainA1(no caerse): la estructura se sostiene sola the structure stays up o stands up without supportestaba tan débil que apenas se sostenía en pie he was so weak that he could hardly standla planta ya no se sostiene the plant doesn't stand up on its own o can't support itself any more2 (en un estado) to remainse sostuvo en el poder a pesar de la crisis she managed to stay o remain in power despite the crisisla economía se ha sostenido firme the economy has held o stood firmse sostuvo en su negativa he kept o stuck firmly to his refusalB(sustentarse): apenas puede sostenerse con lo que gana he can hardly support himself on what he earnsse sostiene a base de zumos y de leche she lives on o survives on fruit juice and milk* * *
sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
1 ( apoyar)
‹carga/peso› to bear
2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you
3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
4
5
sostenerse verbo pronominala) ( no caerse):
apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand
sostener verbo transitivo
1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
(con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
(una teoría) to maintain
3 (a la familia) to support
4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
' sostener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coger
- mantener
- mirada
- sujetarse
- aguantar
- sostuve
- sujetar
- tener
English:
allege
- argue
- bolster
- contend
- hold up
- submit
- support
- sustain
- uphold
- hold
- prop
* * *♦ vt1. [sujetar] [edificio, estructura, lo que se tambalea] to support, to hold up;[objeto, puerta, bebé] to hold;cuatro columnas sostienen todo el peso de la cúpula four columns take o support the entire weight of the dome;sosténgame esto, por favor hold this for me, please;si no nos llegan a sostener nos hubiéramos peleado if they hadn't held us back, we'd have started fighting;sólo les sostiene su inquebrantable optimismo the only thing that keeps them going is their unshakeable optimism2. [dar manutención a, sustentar] to support3. [mantener] [idea, opinión, tesis] to defend;[promesa, palabra] to keep;sostienen su oferta/invitación their offer/invitation still stands;sostener que… to maintain that…4. [tener] [conversación] to have;[reunión, negociaciones] to hold, to have;sostener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;durante semanas sostuvo una agria polémica he was involved in a bitter dispute which lasted several weeks5. Fig [aguantar]el corredor no podía sostener aquel ritmo de carrera the athlete couldn't keep up with the pace of the race;era una situación imposible de sostener the situation was untenable;le sostuve la mirada I held her gaze* * *I v/t1 familia support2 opinión hold* * *sostener {80} vt1) : to support, to hold up2) : to holdsostenme la puerta: hold the door for mesostener una conversación: to hold a conversation3) : to sustain, to maintain* * *sostener vb2. (aguantar) to support3. (afirmar, mantener) to maintain -
91 muerte
f.1 death (fin de la vida).fallecer de muerte natural to die of natural causesfallecer de muerte violenta to die a violent deathha sido herido de muerte he has been fatally woundedla odio a muerte I hate her with all my heart, I absolutely loathe herun susto de muerte a terrible shockde mala muerte (informal) third-rate, lousymuerte cerebral brain death2 murder (homicidio).se le acusa de la muerte de varias mujeres he has been accused of murdering o of the murder of several women* * *1 death2 (asesinato) murder3 la muerte death\a vida o muerte life-and-deathdar muerte a alguien to kill somebodyde mala muerte familiar grotty, crummy, rottena muerte to the deathhasta que la muerte nos separe till death do us partodiar a muerte to detest, loathemuerte cerebral brain death* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=por enfermedad, accidente) deathtuvo una buena muerte — he had a good death, he died a good death
murió de muerte natural — he died a natural death o of natural causes
•
una lucha a muerte — a fight to the deathodiar algo/a algn a muerte — to detest sth/sb, loathe sth/sb
•
causar la muerte a algn — to kill sb, cause the death of sblas heridas que le causaron la muerte — the injuries that killed him o caused his death
•
encontrar la muerte — to die, meet one's death•
herido de muerte — fatally injured•
pena de muerte — death sentence•
estar a las puertas de la muerte — to be at death's door•
un susto de muerte — a terrible frightme diste un susto de muerte — you scared me to death, you gave me a terrible fright
era un hotel de mala muerte — the hotel was a real dump **, the hotel was really grotty **
muerte clínica, en situación de muerte clínica — clinically dead
vida 1)muerte súbita — (Med) sudden death; (Tenis) tie-break; (Golf) sudden death play-off; (Ftbl) sudden death
2) (=asesinato) murder•
dar muerte a algn — to kill sb3) (=desaparición) [de imperio, civilización] death, demise frmla muerte de las civilizaciones indígenas — the death o demise of native civilizations
* * *a) ( de ser vivo) deathmuerte natural/repentina — natural/sudden death
me dio un susto de muerte — (fam) she scared the living daylights out of me (colloq), she scared me to death (colloq)
odiar a muerte — to loathe, detest
cada muerte de obispo — (AmL fam) once in a blue moon
de mala muerte — (fam) < pensión> grotty (colloq), cheesy (AmE colloq)
un pueblo de mala muerte — a dump (colloq), a really grotty place
ser de muerte lenta — (Ven fam) to be fantastic (colloq)
ser la muerte — (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq); ( ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic (colloq)
b) ( homicidio)dar muerte a alguien — (frml) to kill somebody
c) ( fin) death* * *= death, loss of life, last breath, passing, fatality, die-off.Ex. Typically, the additions to the name will fall within the following categories: title of nobility, title of honour, address, date of birth, and date of death.Ex. The war involved not only extensive loss of life and destruction of property, but also widespread damage to cultural monuments and objects.Ex. When she died in a bus accident in Bolivia while serving in a women's cooperative, her legacy did not stop with her last breath.Ex. The Rutgers University Libraries are sad to report on the passing of Thelma Tate.Ex. A summary is then presented of the number and percentage of snowmobile fatalities in these three states during winter 2002-03.Ex. We all know that there is no guarantee that, even if we do everything we can, the result won't be human die-off and environmental devastation.----* afligido por la muerte de un familiar cercano = bereaved.* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* apedrear hasta la muerte = stone to + death.* coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* condenado a muerte = death row.* condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death.* condenar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.* corredor de la muerte = death row.* cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.* dar un susto de muerte = frighten + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, scare + the hell out of.* dar un susto de muerto = scare + the living daylights out of.* derecho a la muerte = right to die.* de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.* encuentro con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.* enemistad a muerte = blood feud.* enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.* enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.* escuadrón de la muerte = death squadron, death squad.* experiencia cercana a la muerte = near death experience.* firmar la sentencia de muerte = sound + the death knell for.* firmar una sentencia de muerte = sign + a death warrant (for).* frío de muerte = freezing cold.* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* herido de muerte = mortally wounded.* herir de muerte = fatally + shoot.* lecho de muerte = deathbed [death bed].* lucha a muerte = fight to death.* lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.* luchar a muerte = fight to + death, get into + a fight to the death.* luchar hasta la muerte = fight to + death.* morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.* morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.* muerte accidental = accidental death.* muerte aparente = suspended animation.* muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.* muerte cerebral = brain death.* muerte clínica = brain death, clínical death.* muerte de un familiar = bereavement, death in the family.* muerte digna = dignified death.* muerte embrionaria = embryonal death.* muerte fetal = foetal death.* muerte, la = Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, the.* muerte natural = natural death.* muerte neonatal = neonatal death.* muerte por suicidio = suicidal death.* muerte prematura = premature death, untimely death.* muerte súbita = cot death, crib death, sudden death.* pelea a muerte = fight to death.* pelea hasta la muerte = fight to death.* pelear a muerte = fight to + death.* pelear hasta la mueerte = fight to + death.* pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.* penado con la muerte = punishable by death.* pillar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* pulsión de muerte = death-wish.* roce con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.* sentencia de muerte = death sentence, death warrant, death knell.* sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentenciar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.* síndrome infantil de muerte súbita (SIMS) = sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).* tener una muerte digna = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.* tener una muerte horrible = die + a horrible death, suffer + a horrible death.* una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.* vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].* vida or muerte = life or death.* * *a) ( de ser vivo) deathmuerte natural/repentina — natural/sudden death
me dio un susto de muerte — (fam) she scared the living daylights out of me (colloq), she scared me to death (colloq)
odiar a muerte — to loathe, detest
cada muerte de obispo — (AmL fam) once in a blue moon
de mala muerte — (fam) < pensión> grotty (colloq), cheesy (AmE colloq)
un pueblo de mala muerte — a dump (colloq), a really grotty place
ser de muerte lenta — (Ven fam) to be fantastic (colloq)
ser la muerte — (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq); ( ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic (colloq)
b) ( homicidio)dar muerte a alguien — (frml) to kill somebody
c) ( fin) death* * *la muerte= Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, theEx: The film parades a frenzy between an old woman being taken by the Reaper and being saved continuously by a playboy doctor with a team of pin-up nurses.
Ex: These days, the Grim Reaper is usually portrayed as a skeleton or a cadaverous figure, garbed from head to foot in a black habit and hood, and carrying a large scythe.= death, loss of life, last breath, passing, fatality, die-off.Ex: Typically, the additions to the name will fall within the following categories: title of nobility, title of honour, address, date of birth, and date of death.
Ex: The war involved not only extensive loss of life and destruction of property, but also widespread damage to cultural monuments and objects.Ex: When she died in a bus accident in Bolivia while serving in a women's cooperative, her legacy did not stop with her last breath.Ex: The Rutgers University Libraries are sad to report on the passing of Thelma Tate.Ex: A summary is then presented of the number and percentage of snowmobile fatalities in these three states during winter 2002-03.Ex: We all know that there is no guarantee that, even if we do everything we can, the result won't be human die-off and environmental devastation.* afligido por la muerte de un familiar cercano = bereaved.* agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* apedrear hasta la muerte = stone to + death.* coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* condenado a muerte = death row.* condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death.* condenar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.* corredor de la muerte = death row.* cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.* dar un susto de muerte = frighten + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, scare + the hell out of.* dar un susto de muerto = scare + the living daylights out of.* derecho a la muerte = right to die.* de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.* encuentro con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.* enemistad a muerte = blood feud.* enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.* enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.* escuadrón de la muerte = death squadron, death squad.* experiencia cercana a la muerte = near death experience.* firmar la sentencia de muerte = sound + the death knell for.* firmar una sentencia de muerte = sign + a death warrant (for).* frío de muerte = freezing cold.* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.* herido de muerte = mortally wounded.* herir de muerte = fatally + shoot.* lecho de muerte = deathbed [death bed].* lucha a muerte = fight to death.* lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.* luchar a muerte = fight to + death, get into + a fight to the death.* luchar hasta la muerte = fight to + death.* morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.* morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.* muerte accidental = accidental death.* muerte aparente = suspended animation.* muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.* muerte cerebral = brain death.* muerte clínica = brain death, clínical death.* muerte de un familiar = bereavement, death in the family.* muerte digna = dignified death.* muerte embrionaria = embryonal death.* muerte fetal = foetal death.* muerte, la = Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, the.* muerte natural = natural death.* muerte neonatal = neonatal death.* muerte por suicidio = suicidal death.* muerte prematura = premature death, untimely death.* muerte súbita = cot death, crib death, sudden death.* pelea a muerte = fight to death.* pelea hasta la muerte = fight to death.* pelear a muerte = fight to + death.* pelear hasta la mueerte = fight to + death.* pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.* penado con la muerte = punishable by death.* pillar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).* pulsión de muerte = death-wish.* roce con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.* sentencia de muerte = death sentence, death warrant, death knell.* sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentenciar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.* síndrome infantil de muerte súbita (SIMS) = sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).* tener una muerte digna = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.* tener una muerte horrible = die + a horrible death, suffer + a horrible death.* una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.* vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].* vida or muerte = life or death.* * *1 (de un ser vivo) deathmuerte natural/repentina natural/sudden deathel veneno le produjo la muerte instantánea the poison killed him instantly200 personas encontraron la muerte en el incendio 200 people lost their lives o ( liter) met their death in the firecondenado a muerte sentenced to deathamenaza de muerte death threathasta que la muerte nos separe till death us do parta la muerte de su padre heredó una fortuna she inherited a fortune on her father's death o when her father diedherido de muerte fatally woundedme dio un susto de muerte ( fam); she scared the living daylights out of me ( colloq), she scared me to death ( colloq)luchó or se debatió varios días con la muerte he was at death's door o fighting for his life for several daysodiar a muerte to loathe, detestes un pueblo de mala muerte it's a dump o a hole ( colloq), it's a really grotty placeser la muerte ( fam) (ser atroz) to be hell o murder ( colloq); (ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic ( colloq)meterse de profesor es la muerte en vida it's murder going into teaching ( colloq)se cree/te crees la muerte he thinks he's/you think you're the bee's knees o the cat's whiskers ( colloq)2(homicidio): lo acusan de la muerte de tres personas he is accused of killing three people o of causing the deaths of three peopledar muerte a algn ( frml); to kill sb3 (fin) deathla muerte de una civilización the death o demise of a civilizationCompuestos:brain deathcertificaron la muerte clínica dos horas despúes he/she was pronounced clinically dead two hours latercot death, sudden infant death syndrome ( tech)violent death* * *
muerte sustantivo femenino
death;
a la muerte de su padre on her father's death;
muerte de cuna crib death (AmE), cot death (BrE);
me dio un susto de muerte (fam) she scared me to death (colloq);
dar muerte a algn (frml) to kill sb;
de mala muerte (fam) ‹pueblo/hotel› grotty (colloq);
ser la muerte (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq);
( ser estupendo) to be fantastic (colloq)
muerte sustantivo femenino
1 death: murió de muerte natural, she died a natural death
2 (homicidio) killing
(asesinato) murder: al criminal se le imputan tres muertes, the criminal is charged with three murders
♦ Locuciones: a muerte, to death: defender a muerte, to defend to the death
odiar a muerte, to loathe sb
familiar de mala muerte, lousy, rotten
(buenísimo) de muerte, fantastic, great
' muerte' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonarse
- afectar
- amenazar
- borde
- cabecilla
- caer
- condenar
- condenada
- condenado
- conmutar
- desafiar
- ejecución
- enloquecer
- enterada
- enterado
- garito
- garrote
- genuina
- genuino
- hasta
- instantánea
- instantáneo
- lamentar
- lecho
- local
- mal
- marcar
- obsesionar
- origen
- palo
- pena
- pérdida
- puerta
- reciente
- sabrosa
- sabroso
- sacudir
- semblante
- sentida
- sentido
- simbolizar
- sobreponerse
- tugurio
- vida
- violenta
- violento
- amenaza
- apenar
- baja
- desafío
English:
afterlife
- anarchy
- brain death
- cheat
- commute
- curtain
- cutthroat
- death
- death penalty
- death row
- death squad
- deathbed
- demise
- dice
- doom
- drive
- dump
- early
- fatal
- fatally
- get
- hole
- inquest
- lead to
- matter
- meet
- misadventure
- mortally
- mourn
- natural
- opposed
- pain
- penalty
- point
- punishable
- register
- release
- scare
- sentence
- shock
- silly
- snuff movie
- squad
- upset
- wit
- accidental
- against
- bereaved
- bereavement
- blow
* * *muerte nf1. [fin de la vida] death;la malaria le produjo la muerte malaria was the cause of death;ha sido herido de muerte he has been fatally wounded;una lucha a muerte a fight to the death;la odio a muerte I hate her with all my heart, I absolutely loathe her;hasta que la muerte nos separe till death us do part;tener una muerte dulce to die peacefully;Am Famcada muerte de obispo once in a blue moon;Famde muerte: vas a agarrar un resfriado de muerte you're going to catch your death of cold;me he llevado un susto de muerte I got the fright of my life;hace un frío de muerte it's absolutely freezing;esta sopa está de muerte this soup is yummy;Famde mala muerte [cine, restaurante] third-rate;un bar de mala muerte a dive;un pueblo/una casa de mala muerte a hole, a dump;Ven Famser de muerte [muy bueno] to be fantastic;[muy malo] to be the pits muerte aparente suspended animation;muerte cerebral brain death;Der muerte civil civil death, attainder;muerte natural: [m5] morir de muerte natural to die of natural causes;vivió en una residencia hasta su muerte natural she lived in a home until she died of old age;muerte súbita [del bebé] sudden infant death;[en tenis] tie break; [en golf] play-off;muerte violenta violent death;morir de muerte violenta to die a violent death2. [homicidio] murder;se le acusa de la muerte de varias mujeres he has been accused of murdering o of the murder of several women;dar muerte a alguien to kill sb3.la muerte [ser imaginario] death4. [final, desaparición] death, demise;la muerte de los regímenes comunistas the demise of the Communist regimes* * *f death;a muerte to the death;odiar a muerte loathe, detest;me dio un susto de muerte it frightened me to death;dar muerte a alguien kill s.o.;de mala muerte fig fam lousy fam, awful fam* * *muerte nf: death* * *muerte n death -
92 agudo
adj.1 sharp, smart, keen, astute.2 intense, severe, fierce, excruciating.3 high-pitched, sharp, shrill, piping.4 acute, clever, keen, insightful.5 witty, clever.6 pointed, acute, sharp-edged.7 acute.8 oxytone, accented in the last syllable, oxytonic, with a stronger phonetic accent on last syllable.Acordeón es una palabra aguda "Acordeon" is accented in the last syllable...m.high-pitch note, treble.* * *► adjetivo1 (afilado) sharp2 (dolor) acute5 (voz) high-pitched6 (sonido) treble, high* * *(f. - aguda)adj.1) sharp, acute2) high, high-pitched3) clever, witty* * *ADJ1) (=afilado) [filo] sharp; [instrumento] sharp, pointed2) (=intenso) [enfermedad, dolor] acute; [acento] acute3) [ángulo] acute4) (=incisivo) [mente, sentido] sharp, keen; [ingenio] ready, lively; [crítica] penetrating; [observación] smart, clever; [pregunta] acute, searching5) (=gracioso) witty6) (Mús) [nota] high, high-pitched; [voz, sonido] piercing* * *- da adjetivo1)a) <filo/punta> sharpb) < ángulo> acute2)a) <voz/sonido> high-pitched; < nota> highb) < dolor> ( duradero) intense, acute; ( momentáneo) sharpc) < crisis> severed) <aumento/descenso> sharp3)a) ( perspicaz) < persona> quick-witted, sharp; < comentario> shrewdb) ( gracioso) <comentario/persona> wittyc) <sentido/instinto> sharp* * *= keen [keener -comp., keenest -sup.], sharp [sharper -comp., sharpest -sup.], trenchant, witty [wittier -comp., wittiest -sup.], perceptive, acute, searing, stinging, heightened, high-pitched, penetrating, razor-sharp, keen-witted, pointy [pointier -comp., pointiest - sup.].Ex. Formal logic used to be a keen instrument in the hands of the teacher in his trying of students' souls.Ex. 'I'll give it more thought,' she said with a sharp frown, resuming her former posture.Ex. However, both BTI and LCSH occasionally use headings of this kind, though one could argue strongly that these are out of place in direct entry methods, and they come in for trenchant criticism from Metcalfe.Ex. This book offers pithy and witty advice on how to write, defects in prose style, punctuation, and preparing a manuscript.Ex. In their profound and perceptive essay on professionalism, Mary Lee Bundy and Paul Wasserman write at some length on this extraordinary phenomenon, 'the essential timidity of responsibility for solving informational problems and providing unequivocal answers'.Ex. In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.Ex. His searing and rigorously logical analysis of the '1949 ALA Rules for Entry' is one of my favorite pieces of writing on cataloging.Ex. In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.Ex. The heightened level of community awareness has led some local authorities to take the initiative and to become information disseminators in their own right.Ex. The noise is a high-pitched whine or hiss the machine emits during operation.Ex. In this connection, Ohmes and Jones of the Florida State University Library have offered some rather penetrating insights regarding what they call 'The Other Half of Cataloging'.Ex. As mentioned in the first part, developing a razor-sharp memory is not going to occur overnight.Ex. She is famous for her series featuring homicide detective Peter Decker and his keen-witted, beautiful wife.Ex. So much so that my canines (or eye-teeth, they're the pointy ones) ended up growing over my incisors/first molars rather than between them.----* acento agudo = acute.* de vista aguda = sharp-eyed.* dolor agudo = twinge.* Enfermedad + aguda = acute + Enfermedad, a bad case of + Enfermedad.* infección aguda = acute infection.* miastenia aguda = myasthenia gravis.* SARS (Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo y Grave) = SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).* * *- da adjetivo1)a) <filo/punta> sharpb) < ángulo> acute2)a) <voz/sonido> high-pitched; < nota> highb) < dolor> ( duradero) intense, acute; ( momentáneo) sharpc) < crisis> severed) <aumento/descenso> sharp3)a) ( perspicaz) < persona> quick-witted, sharp; < comentario> shrewdb) ( gracioso) <comentario/persona> wittyc) <sentido/instinto> sharp* * *= keen [keener -comp., keenest -sup.], sharp [sharper -comp., sharpest -sup.], trenchant, witty [wittier -comp., wittiest -sup.], perceptive, acute, searing, stinging, heightened, high-pitched, penetrating, razor-sharp, keen-witted, pointy [pointier -comp., pointiest - sup.].Ex: Formal logic used to be a keen instrument in the hands of the teacher in his trying of students' souls.
Ex: 'I'll give it more thought,' she said with a sharp frown, resuming her former posture.Ex: However, both BTI and LCSH occasionally use headings of this kind, though one could argue strongly that these are out of place in direct entry methods, and they come in for trenchant criticism from Metcalfe.Ex: This book offers pithy and witty advice on how to write, defects in prose style, punctuation, and preparing a manuscript.Ex: In their profound and perceptive essay on professionalism, Mary Lee Bundy and Paul Wasserman write at some length on this extraordinary phenomenon, 'the essential timidity of responsibility for solving informational problems and providing unequivocal answers'.Ex: In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.Ex: His searing and rigorously logical analysis of the '1949 ALA Rules for Entry' is one of my favorite pieces of writing on cataloging.Ex: In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.Ex: The heightened level of community awareness has led some local authorities to take the initiative and to become information disseminators in their own right.Ex: The noise is a high-pitched whine or hiss the machine emits during operation.Ex: In this connection, Ohmes and Jones of the Florida State University Library have offered some rather penetrating insights regarding what they call 'The Other Half of Cataloging'.Ex: As mentioned in the first part, developing a razor-sharp memory is not going to occur overnight.Ex: She is famous for her series featuring homicide detective Peter Decker and his keen-witted, beautiful wife.Ex: So much so that my canines (or eye-teeth, they're the pointy ones) ended up growing over my incisors/first molars rather than between them.* acento agudo = acute.* de vista aguda = sharp-eyed.* dolor agudo = twinge.* Enfermedad + aguda = acute + Enfermedad, a bad case of + Enfermedad.* infección aguda = acute infection.* miastenia aguda = myasthenia gravis.* SARS (Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo y Grave) = SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).* * *agudo -daA1 ‹filo/punta› sharp2 ‹ángulo› acuteB1 ‹voz› high-pitched; (irritante) shrill; ‹sonido› high-pitched; (irritante) piercing; ‹nota› high2 ‹dolor› (duradero) intense, acute; (momentáneo) sharp3 ‹crisis› severe4 ‹aumento/descenso› sharpun agudo descenso del índice de mortalidad a sharp fall in the death rateC1 (perspicaz) ‹persona› quick-witted, sharp; ‹observación/comentario› shrewd; ‹pregunta› shrewd, searching2 (gracioso) ‹comentario/persona› witty3 ‹vista› sharp; ‹oído› sharp, acute; ‹sentido/instinto› keen, sharpD1 ‹palabra› stressed on the last syllable2 ‹acento› acute* * *
agudo◊ -da adjetivo
1
2
‹ nota› high
( momentáneo) sharp
3
‹ comentario› shrewd
agudo,-a adjetivo
1 (sensación, enfermedad) acute
2 (tono de voz) high-pitched
(sonido) treble, high
3 (ingenioso) witty
4 (oído, vista, olfato) sharp, keen
' agudo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aguda
- fina
- fino
- ingeniosa
- ingenioso
- lista
- listo
- sagaz
- estridente
- ladino
- pinchazo
- pitido
- quejido
English:
acute
- crack
- high
- high-pitched
- keen
- piping
- quick
- quick-witted
- raging
- sharp
- shrill
- witty
- yap
* * *agudo, -a♦ adj1. [filo, punta] sharp2. [vista, olfato] keen3. [crisis, problema, enfermedad] serious, acute4. [dolor] intense;sentí un dolor agudo al mover el brazo I felt a sharp pain when I moved my arm5. [sonido, voz] high, high-pitched6. [perspicaz] [persona] sharp, shrewd;[ingenio] keen, sharp7. [ingenioso] witty;estás muy agudo you're on form o very witty today;Irónico¡muy agudo! [cuando algo no es gracioso] very clever o funny!;[cuando algo es evidente] very observant!♦ nmagudos [sonidos] treble* * *adj1 acute2 ( afilado) sharp3 sonido high-pitched4 ( perspicaz) sharp5 LING:acento agudo acute accent* * *agudo, -da adj1) : acute, sharp2) : shrill, high-pitched3) perspicaz: clever, shrewd* * *agudo adj1. (en general) sharp2. (sonido, voz) high / high pitched3. (ángulo, dolor) acute5. (sentido) keen6. (palabra)"sofá" es una palabra aguda the accent is on the last syllable in "sofá" -
93 lo
art.the.pron.it.* * *lo1 the1 (objeto directo - él) him; (- usted) you2 (objeto directo - cosa, animal) it■ ¿lo has probado? have you tried it?\con lo cual solo cual whichlo que what* * *1. art.1) the2) how2. pron.1) him, it2) you•- lo que* * *IART DEF1) [con adjetivos]a)lo difícil es que... — the difficult thing is that...
es de lo más divertido — it's so o really funny
lo mejor/peor de la película — the best/worst thing about the film
b) [referido a un estilo]viste a lo americano — he dresses in the American style, he dresses like an American
c) [con valor enfático]2)• lo de, lo de ayer — what happened yesterday
olvida lo de ayer — forget what happened yesterday, forget about yesterday
fui (a) lo de Pablo — Cono Sur (=a casa de) I went to Pablo's place
3)•
lo que —a) [relativo] whatlo que digo es... — what I say is...
¡sí hombre, lo que (yo) he dicho! — yes, just like I said!
toma lo que quieras — take what o whatever you want
todo lo que puedas — as much as o whatever you can
empezó a tocar, lo que le fastidió — she began to play, which annoyed him, to his annoyance, she began to play
lo que es eso... — as for that...
•
cuesta más de lo que crees — it costs more than you think•
lo que pasa es que... — the thing is...b) [con valor intensificador]¡lo que has tardado! — how long you've taken!, you've taken so long!
¡lo que sufre un hombre honrado! — what o the things an honourable man has to suffer!
¡lo que cuesta vivir! — the cost of living is so high!
c)• a lo que — LAm [en cuanto] as soon as
d)II• en lo que... — whilst...
PRON PERS1) [refiriéndose a él] him¿lo habéis invitado? — have you invited him?
2) [refiriéndose a usted] you3) [refiriéndose a una cosa, un animal] it¿el té lo tomas con leche? — do you take milk in your tea?
¿te acuerdas de lo bien que lo pasamos? — do you remember what a good time we had?
¡con lo mal que lo pasamos! — we had such an awful time!
4) [referido a un estado, cualidad]-¿estás cansado? -sí, lo estoy — "are you tired?" - "yes, I am"
* * *I1)lo interesante del caso es que... — the interesting thing about the case is that...
¿estoy en lo cierto? — am I right?
¿sabes lo de Pablo? — have you heard about Pablo?
voy a lo de Eva — (RPl) I'm going to Eva's house
lo que es por mí or en lo que a mí respecta... — (fam) as far as I'm concerned (colloq)
lo cual or que fue desmentido por el Gobierno — which was denied by the Government
3) ( con valor ponderativo)II¿ves lo mal que habla? — you see how badly he speaks?
pronombre personal1)a) ( referido - a él) him; (- a usted) you; (- a cosa, etc) it¿lo conoces? — do you know him?
lo encuentro muy bien, señor Lara — you're looking very well, Mr Lara
b) (impers)2) (conser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am; si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy — if she can, so can I
* * *= itEx. It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.* * *I1)lo interesante del caso es que... — the interesting thing about the case is that...
¿estoy en lo cierto? — am I right?
¿sabes lo de Pablo? — have you heard about Pablo?
voy a lo de Eva — (RPl) I'm going to Eva's house
lo que es por mí or en lo que a mí respecta... — (fam) as far as I'm concerned (colloq)
lo cual or que fue desmentido por el Gobierno — which was denied by the Government
3) ( con valor ponderativo)II¿ves lo mal que habla? — you see how badly he speaks?
pronombre personal1)a) ( referido - a él) him; (- a usted) you; (- a cosa, etc) it¿lo conoces? — do you know him?
lo encuentro muy bien, señor Lara — you're looking very well, Mr Lara
b) (impers)2) (conser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am; si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy — if she can, so can I
* * *= itEx: It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.
* * *lo1Aprefiero lo dulce I prefer sweet thingslo difícil es más interesante difficult things are more interestingdejemos lo difícil para mañana let's leave the difficult part until tomorrowlo interesante del caso es que … the interesting thing about the case is that …¿estoy en lo correcto? am I right?desde lo alto de la sierra from high up in the mountainstrata de ser lo más objetivo posible try to be as objective as possiblelo expresado por mi colega what my colleague saidque cada cual se ocupe de lo suyo everyone should take care of their own thingsse ha enterado de lo nuestro she's found out about uslo de la enfermedad de su madre es puro cuento this business o story about his mother being ill is complete fictionlo de Rafael fue realmente trágico what happened to Rafael was really tragiclo de María es muy triste it's very sad about Maríavoy a lo de Cristina ( RPl); I'm going to Cristina's, I'm going to Cristina's house o ( colloq) placeB(con oraciones de relativo): no entiendo lo que dices I don't understand what you're sayinghaz lo que creas oportuno do as you see fit, do what you think fitlo que más me gustó fue la música what I liked most was the musiclo que es por mí, que se muera ( fam); for all I care o as far as I'm concerned, he can drop dead ( colloq)( fam): en lo que se refiere a la televisión … as far as television is concerned …lo cual or lo que fue desmentido por el Gobierno which was denied by the GovernmentC(con valor ponderativo): ¡lo que debe haber sufrido! how she must have suffered!¿no te das cuenta de lo ridículo que es? don't you realize how ridiculous it is?¡no te imaginas lo que fue aquello! you can't imagine what it was like!¿has visto lo mal que habla? you see how badly he speaks?¡lo que es tener la conciencia tranquila! it's wonderful o what it is to have a clear conscience!pobre abuelo, con lo enfermo que está … poor grandpa, he's so ill …nosotros estábamos aquí lo más tranquilos ( fam); we were just sitting here as quiet as you like ( colloq)lo2Alo presentó como su novio she introduced him as her boyfriendlo encuentro muy bien, señor Calvo you're looking very well, Mr Calvoléelo en voz alta read it alouda él no lo pienso invitar I don't intend inviting himyo a usted lo respeto mucho I have great respect for youel pollo lo voy a hacer con arroz I'm going to cook the chicken with rice2 ( impers):duele que a uno lo traten así it hurts when people treat you like thatB (con:ser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I amsi ella es capaz de hacerlo yo también lo soy if she can do it, so can Ino será estúpido, pero lo parece he may not be stupid but he certainly acts like it¿hay algo que hacer? — sí, lo hay, y mucho is there anything needs doing? — yes, there is, plenty* * *
lo art
1:
lo interesante del caso es … the interesting thing about the case is …;
¿estoy en lo cierto? am I right?;
en lo alto de la sierra high up in the mountains;
ser lo más objetivo posible to be as objective as possible;
me dijo lo de siempre he came out with the same old story;
se ha enterado de lo nuestro/de lo de Pablo she's found out about us/about Pablo;
voy a lo de Eva (RPl) I'm going to Eva's (place)
2a)
lo cual fue desmentido por el gobierno which was denied by the Governmentb)
no entiendo lo que dices I don't understand what you're saying;
pide lo que quieras ask for whatever you want;
límpialo con un trapo o lo que sea clean it with a cloth or whatever;
¡lo que debe haber sufrido! how she must have suffered!;
¡no te imaginas lo que fue aquello! you can't imagine what it was like!;
¡lo que es saber idiomas! it sure is something (AmE) o (BrE) what it is to be able speak languages
■ pron pers
1
(— a usted) you;
(— a cosa, etc) it;◊ ¿lo conozco? do I know you?;
lo compré hoy I bought it today;
ya lo sé I knowb) ( impers):
2 ( con◊ estar, ser): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am;
si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy if she can, so can I
lo 1 art det neut the
lo mío, mine
lo nuestro, ours
lo otro, the other thing
lo peor, the worst (thing)
lo 2 pron pers m & neut
1 (objeto) it: no lo compliques, don't complicate it
(no se traduce) díselo, tell her
no lo sé, I don't know ➣ le 2 lo cual..., which... 3 lo de..., the business of...: no me dijo lo de su divorcio, he didn't tell me about his divorce 4 lo que..., what...: pídeme lo que quieras, ask me for whatever you want
5 (persona) no lo humilles, don't humiliate him
'lo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogada
- abogado
- acabose
- acanallar
- acariciar
- acaso
- aconsejar
- acreditar
- adelantarse
- agarrar
- agradecer
- alargarse
- alta
- alto
- amarre
- amortizar
- ancha
- ancho
- ánimo
- animosidad
- antes
- anticiparse
- apenas
- aprovecharse
- arramblar
- arrastrar
- así
- aunque
- aviso
- bailar
- baja
- bajinis
- bajo
- bandeja
- bar
- bastante
- bendita
- bendito
- berrinche
- bestia
- bien
- bolsillo
- bombo
- buenamente
- caber
- cacarear
- cachaza
- cada
- caer
English:
abandon
- absent-mindedly
- abuse
- accident
- accidentally
- account
- account for
- accurate
- aching
- advise
- afraid
- again
- agreeable
- ahead
- all
- along
- aloud
- amok
- anticipate
- anticlimax
- anybody
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- apply
- arbitration
- as
- at
- atop
- bad
- bang up
- bare
- basic
- bat
- be-all and end-all
- beat down
- beautiful
- beauty
- because
- belief
- believe
- below
- bend
- benefit
- besides
- best
- better
- between
- beyond
- bite
* * *(complemento directo)1. [a él, a ella] him, f her;pl them;lo conocí en una fiesta I met him at a party;la han despedido she's been sacked, they've sacked her;¡si lo insultan a uno, habrá que contestar! if people insult you, you have to answer back!2. [a usted] you;¿la acerco a algún sitio? can I give you a Br lift o US ride anywhere?3. [ello, esa cosa] it;pl them;no lo he visto I haven't seen it;esta pared hay que pintarla this wall needs paintinglo2♦ pron personal1. (neutro & predicado) it;lo pensaré I'll think about it;no lo sé I don't know;me gusta – ¡ya lo veo! I like it – I can see that!;su hermana es muy guapa pero él no lo es his sister is very good-looking, but he isn't;¿estás cansado? – sí que lo estoy are you tired? – yes, I am;es muy bueno aunque no lo parezca it's very good, even if it doesn't look itcompré este vestido en lo de Vicky I bought this dress at Vicky's (shop)♦ art(neutro)1. (antes de adjetivo, frase sustantiva o pronombre)lo antiguo me gusta más que lo moderno I like old things better than modern things;te olvidas de lo principal you're forgetting the most important thing;lo interesante viene ahora now comes the interesting bit o part;lo mejor/peor es que… the best/worst part is (that)…;quiere lo mejor para sus hijos she wants the best for her children;¿y lo de la fiesta? what about the party, then?;siento lo de ayer I'm sorry about yesterday;lo de abrir una tienda no me parece mala idea opening a shop doesn't seem at all a bad idea to me;lo de la huelga sigue sin resolverse that strike business still hasn't been resolved;lo mío son los toros [lo que me va] bullfighting's my thing, I'm a big bullfighting fan;el ajedrez no es lo mío [mi punto fuerte] chess isn't really my thing o game, I'm not very good at chess2. (con valor enfático)¡mira que no gustarle el queso, con lo bueno que está! how can she say she doesn't like cheese when it's so good?;no me quiere ayudar, ¡con todo lo que yo he hecho por ella! she doesn't want to help me – and after all I've done for her!;no te imaginas lo grande que era you can't imagine how big it was;¡lo que me pude reír con sus chistes! I did laugh o I really laughed at his jokes!3. (con frases de relativo)lo cual which;no quiso participar, lo cual no es de extrañar she didn't want to take part, which is hardly surprising;acepté lo que me ofrecieron I accepted what they offered me;gano menos de lo que te imaginas I earn less than you think;lo que ocurre es que… the thing is (that)…;puedes tomar lo que te apetezca you can have whatever you want;en lo que respecta a… as far as… is concerned, with regard to…♦ a lo que loc conjAndes, RP [en cuanto] as soon as;a lo que lo vio, salió corriendo she ran away as soon as she saw him* * *loI art sg the;lo bueno the good thing;no sabes lo difícil que es you don’t know how difficult it islo sé I knowIII pron rel sg:lo que what;lo cual which* * *lo pron1) : him, itlo vi ayer: I saw him yesterdaylo entiendo: I understand itno lo creo: I don't believe so2) (formal, masculine) : youdisculpe, señor, no lo oí: excuse me sir, I didn't hear you3)lo que : what, that whicheso es lo que más le gusta: that's what he likes the mostlo art1) : thelo mejor: the best, the best thing2) : howsé lo bueno que eres: I know how good you are* * *lo1 det (en general) the... thinglo2 pron1. (él) him2. (usted) you3. (cosa) it -
94 wissen
vt/i; weiß, wusste, gewusst1. know ( von oder geh. um about); wissen lassen, dass... let on that...; jemanden etw. wissen lassen let s.o. know s.th.; ich weiß genau, dass... I know for a fact that...; weißt du noch? (do you) remember?; ich weiß seinen Namen nicht mehr I can’t remember his name; weißt du schon das Neueste? have you heard the latest?; woher weißt du das? how do you know?; sie weiß nicht, was sie will she doesn’t know what she wants; er weiß nicht, was er sagt he doesn’t know what he’s talking about; sie ist sehr hübsch, aber sie weiß es auch she’s very pretty and she knows it; er weiß immer alles besser iro. he always knows better; das musst du selber wissen that’s up to you; ich möchte wissen, wie etc. (ich frage mich) I wonder how etc.; ich möchte ( doch) gern wissen... I’d (really) like to know...; ich möchte nicht wissen, was... I wouldn’t like to know what...; wenn ich nur wüsste,... if I only knew...; das hätte ich ( früher) wissen sollen! I wish I’d known (earlier); woher soll ich denn das wissen? oder was ich immer alles wissen soll! umg. how am I supposed to know that!; woher will er denn das wissen? where’s he got ( oder where’d he learn) that from?; das weiß doch jedes Kind! any child knows that!; ich will von ihm / davon nichts wissen I don’t want anything to do with him / it; ich will von ihr nichts mehr wissen I’m through with her; von Geld wollte er nichts wissen he refused to ( oder he wouldn’t) accept any money; jetzt will ich’s aber wissen! umg. (beweisen, versuchen etc.) there’s only one way to find out!; Bescheid 3, Rat1 12. in Redefloskeln und Wendungen: weißt du was? umg. (do) you know what?; weißt du,... you know...; du musst ( nämlich) wissen, dass... you must know that...; erklärend: I have to tell you that...; nicht / wohl wissend, dass... not knowing / knowing very well that...; gewusst, wie! umg. it’s easy when you know how!; was weiß ich! umg. how should I know?, how am I supposed to know?; ich weiß nicht recht I’m not (so) sure, I dunno umg.; man kann nie wissen umg. you never know; bei ihr kann man nie wissen with her you never know; soviel ich weiß as far as I know; ich wüsste nicht warum / wie! I’ve no idea why / how!; nicht, dass ich wüsste! not that I know of; (ja,) wenn ich das wüsste! (well) if I knew that!; weiß der Geier oder Henker oder das wissen die Götter! God knows!; was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß Sprichw. what you don’t know can’t hurt you, what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over; ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß Sokrates: I know that I know nothing3. (+ Inf. mit zu): sich zu helfen / verteidigen / wehren wissen be able ( oder know how) to look after / defend o.s.; ich werde ihn schon zu finden wissen I’ll find him all right, I’ll find him, don’t you worry; sie weiß nichts mit sich / mit i-r Freiheit anzufangen she doesn’t know what to do with herself / her freedom4. geh.: jemanden / sich in Sicherheit wissen know that s.o. / one is safe; er wusste sie gesund und sicher zu Hause he knew that she was safe and well at home; ich möchte das so verstanden wissen I’d like to have that understood5. umg., verstärkend: und was weiß ich noch alles and what not; als ob es wer weiß was gekostet hätte as if it had cost goodness knows how much; er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he thinks he’s ever so clever (Am. smart)* * *das Wissenknow-how; knowledge; learning* * *Wịs|sen ['vɪsn]nt -s, no plknowledge* * *1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) know2) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) knowledge* * *Wis·sen<-s>[ˈvɪsn̩]nt kein pl knowledge no plnach bestem \Wissen und Gewissen (geh) to the best of one's knowledge\Wissen ist Macht knowledge is powerwider/gegen besseres \Wissen against one's better judgementohne jds \Wissen und Willen without sb's knowledge and consent* * *das; Wissens knowledgewider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement
* * *1. know (von oder gehum about);wissen lassen, dass … let on that …;jemanden etwas wissen lassen let sb know sth;ich weiß genau, dass … I know for a fact that …;weißt du noch? (do you) remember?;ich weiß seinen Namen nicht mehr I can’t remember his name;weißt du schon das Neueste? have you heard the latest?;woher weißt du das? how do you know?;sie weiß nicht, was sie will she doesn’t know what she wants;er weiß nicht, was er sagt he doesn’t know what he’s talking about;sie ist sehr hübsch, aber sie weiß es auch she’s very pretty and she knows it;er weiß immer alles besser iron he always knows better;das musst du selber wissen that’s up to you;ich möchte wissen, wie etc (ich frage mich) I wonder how etc;ich möchte (doch) gern wissen … I’d (really) like to know …;ich möchte nicht wissen, was … I wouldn’t like to know what …;wenn ich nur wüsste, … if I only knew …;das hätte ich (früher) wissen sollen! I wish I’d known (earlier);woher soll ich denn das wissen? oderwas ich immer alles wissen soll! umg how am I supposed to know that!;woher will er denn das wissen? where’s he got ( oder where’d he learn) that from?;das weiß doch jedes Kind! any child knows that!;ich will von ihm/davon nichts wissen I don’t want anything to do with him/it;ich will von ihr nichts mehr wissen I’m through with her;von Geld wollte er nichts wissen he refused to ( oder he wouldn’t) accept any money;jetzt will ich’s aber wissen! umg (beweisen, versuchen etc) there’s only one way to find out!; → Bescheid 3, Rat1 1weißt du was? umg (do) you know what?;weißt du, … you know …;du musst (nämlich) wissen, dass … you must know that …; erklärend: I have to tell you that …;nicht/wohl wissend, dass … not knowing/knowing very well that …;gewusst, wie! umg it’s easy when you know how!;was weiß ich! umg how should I know?, how am I supposed to know?;ich weiß nicht recht I’m not (so) sure, I dunno umg;man kann nie wissen umg you never know;bei ihr kann man nie wissen with her you never know;soviel ich weiß as far as I know;ich wüsste nicht warum/wie! I’ve no idea why/how!;nicht, dass ich wüsste! not that I know of;(ja,) wenn ich das wüsste! (well) if I knew that!;das wissen die Götter! God knows!;was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß sprichw what you don’t know can’t hurt you, what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over;ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß Sokrates: I know that I know nothing3. (+inf mit zu):sich zu helfen/verteidigen/wehren wissen be able ( oder know how) to look after/defend o.s.;ich werde ihn schon zu finden wissen I’ll find him all right, I’ll find him, don’t you worry;sie weiß nichts mit sich/mit i-r Freiheit anzufangen she doesn’t know what to do with herself/her freedom4. geh:jemanden/sich in Sicherheit wissen know that sb/one is safe;er wusste sie gesund und sicher zu Hause he knew that she was safe and well at home;ich möchte das so verstanden wissen I’d like to have that understoodund was weiß ich noch alles and what not;als ob es wer weiß was gekostet hätte as if it had cost goodness knows how much;er hält sich für wer weiß wie klug he thinks he’s ever so clever (US smart)* * *das; Wissens knowledgewider od. gegen besseres Wissen — against one's better judgement
* * *n.knowledge n. -
95 wahren
v/t (aufrechterhalten) preserve, maintain; (auch Geheimnis) keep; (Interessen etc.) look after, protect, safeguard; den Schein wahren keep up appearances; die Frist wahren meet the deadline; Form 3* * *to uphold; to preserve* * *wah|ren ['vaːrən]vt1) (= wahrnehmen) Interessen, Rechte to look after, to protect, to safeguard2) (= erhalten) Autorität, Ruf, Würde to preserve, to keep; Geheimnis to keep; Chancen to keep alive; gute Manieren to adhere to, to observedie Form wáhren — to adhere to correct form
den Anstand wáhren — to observe the proprieties
See:→ Schein* * *wah·ren[ˈva:rən]vt1. (schützen)▪ etw \wahren to protect [or safeguard] sthjds Interessen \wahren to look after sb's interestsjds Rechte \wahren to protect sb's rights2. (erhalten)▪ etw \wahren to maintain [or preserve] sthes fiel mir nicht leicht, meine Fassung zu \wahren it wasn't easy for me to keep my composure* * *transitives Verb (geh.) preserve, maintain <balance, equality, neutrality, etc.>; maintain, assert <authority, right>; keep < secret>; defend, safeguard <interests, rights, reputation>; s. auch Distanz 2); Form 5)* * *wahren v/t (aufrechterhalten) preserve, maintain; (auch Geheimnis) keep; (Interessen etc) look after, protect, safeguard;den Schein wahren keep up appearances;* * *transitives Verb (geh.) preserve, maintain <balance, equality, neutrality, etc.>; maintain, assert <authority, right>; keep < secret>; defend, safeguard <interests, rights, reputation>; s. auch Distanz 2); Form 5) -
96 te
pron.1 you.le gustaría verte she'd like to see you2 (to) you.te lo dio he gave it to you, he gave you itte tiene miedo he's afraid of you3 yourself.¡vístete! get dressed!* * *te2 (regla) T-square————————te1 you, to you, for you■ te mandaré una carta I'll send you a letter, I'll send a letter to you■ te lo compré I bought one for you, I bought you one2 (uso reflexivo) yourself* * *pron.1) you2) for you, from you, to you3) yourself* * *I IIPRON PERS1) [como complemento directo] you2) [como complemento indirecto] youte he traído esto — I've brought you this, I've brought this for you
me gustaría comprártelo para navidad — I'd like to buy it for you o buy you it for Christmas
no te lo compro porque lo vendes muy caro — I'm not going to buy from you because you're charging too much for it
¿te han arreglado el ordenador? — have they fixed your computer (for you)?
3) [con partes del cuerpo, ropa]¿te duelen los pies? — do your feet hurt?
¿te has puesto el abrigo? — have you put your coat on?
4) [uso enfático]5) [uso reflexivo o pronominal]¿te has lavado? — have you washed?
¡cálmate! — calm down!
¿te levantas temprano? — do you get up early?
¿te has hecho daño? — have you hurt yourself?
6) [uso impersonal]* * *I IIpronombre personala) you¿te ha mandado la cuenta? — has he sent you the bill?
¿te lo paso a máquina? — shall I type it for you?
cuídate — (refl) look after yourself
¿te has cortado el pelo? — (refl) have you cut your hair?; (caus) have you had your hair cut?
¿te sientes bien? — are you feeling all right?
b) (impers)cuando te pasa eso... — when that happens...
* * *I IIpronombre personala) you¿te ha mandado la cuenta? — has he sent you the bill?
¿te lo paso a máquina? — shall I type it for you?
cuídate — (refl) look after yourself
¿te has cortado el pelo? — (refl) have you cut your hair?; (caus) have you had your hair cut?
¿te sientes bien? — are you feeling all right?
b) (impers)cuando te pasa eso... — when that happens...
* * *TE3 (término específico)Ex: Narrower terms are signalled by the abbreviation 'NT'.
* * *te1te21 you¿te ha mandado la cuenta? has he sent you the bill?no te va a creer esa historia she's not going to believe that storyno te lo quiero prestar I don't want to lend it to you o to lend you it¿quieres que te lo pase a máquina? do you want me to type it for you?te lo quiere quitar he wants to take it away from youvoy a serte sincera I'll be frank with you¿te has cortado el pelo? ( refl) have you cut your hair?;( caus) have you had your hair cut?¿te tomaste toda la botella? ( enf) did you drink the whole bottle?¿te sientes bien? are you feeling all right?no te muevas don't movese te ha secado la rosa your rose has dried up2 ( impers):cuando te dicen esas cosas when people say things like that to you* * *
Multiple Entries:
te
té
te pron persa) you;
¿té lo paso a máquina? shall I type it for you?;
voy a serte sincera I'll be frank with you;
cuídate ( refl) look after yourself;
¿té has cortado el pelo? ( caus) have you had your hair cut?;
¿té sientes bien? are you feeling all right?;
no té muevas don't moveb) ( impers):◊ cuando té pasa eso … when that happens …
■ sustantivo femenino: name of the letter t
té sustantivo masculino
◊ ¿quieres un té? do you want a cup of tea?
te pron pers
1 (objeto directo) you: te quiero, I love you
2 (objeto indirecto) you, to you, for you: no te lo venderá, he won't sell it to you
te lo guardaré, I'll keep it for you
te daré tu parte, I'll give you your share
3 (con verbos reflexivos, a ti mismo) yourself: cuídate mucho, look after yourself
4 (sin traducción en verbos pronominales) no te preocupes, don't worry
té sustantivo masculino
1 Bot tea
2 (infusión, reunión) tea
té con limón, lemon tea
'té' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abandonarse
- abatimiento
- acalorarse
- acaso
- acercar
- achantarse
- aclararse
- acompañar
- aconsejar
- adivinar
- advertir
- agradecer
- ajustar
- alejarse
- algo
- alta
- amargarse
- ancha
- ancho
- anillo
- animarse
- aparte
- apetecer
- apostar
- apostarse
- asegurar
- así
- atizar
- atreverse
- aunque
- avisar
- bagatela
- bajarse
- bien
- bobada
- bobalicón
- bobalicona
- bonita
- bonito
- buena
- bueno
- buscarse
- cachaza
- calar
- calentarse
- cargada
- cargado
- carrera
- celebrar
English:
about
- abreast
- account
- acetate
- act
- advise
- agitate
- agitation
- agitator
- all
- alone
- aloud
- alternatively
- amputate
- approximation
- ascertain
- attain
- attainment
- authoritarian
- averse
- back up
- bad
- barrel
- because
- behave
- behind
- believe
- belittle
- best
- better
- bite
- bonus
- bop
- breathtaking
- brew
- bring
- bring back
- burning
- business
- butane
- call back
- capable
- caretaker
- cetacean
- challenge
- chin
- chip in
- chirpy
- citation
- collect
* * *te pron personal1. [complemento directo] you;le gustaría verte she'd like to see you;¿te atracaron en plena calle? were you mugged in the middle of the street?;te han aprobado you've passed2. [complemento indirecto] (to) you;te lo dio he gave it to you, he gave you it;te tiene miedo he's afraid of you;[es para ti] she bought it for you;te extrajeron sangre they took some of your blood;¿te quitaron una maleta? did they steal one of your suitcases?;te rompieron el brazo they broke your arm;te pegaron una paliza they beat you up;se te olvidará you'll forget (about it);te será de gran ayuda it will be a great help to you3. [reflexivo] yourself;sírvete un whisky pour yourself a whisky;¡vístete! get dressed!;sírvete más arroz take some more rice;ponte el abrigo, que nos vamos put your coat on, we're going;puedes acostarte en el sofá you can lie down on the sofa4. [con valor impersonal]si te dejas pisar, estás perdido if you let people walk all over you, you've had it5. [con valor intensivo o expresivo]¿no te lo crees? don't you believe it?;cómetelo todo eat it all up;si se te echa a llorar, no le hagas caso don't take any notice if he starts crying (on you)6. [para formar verbos pronominales]¿te acuerdas? do you remember?;ponte cómodo make yourself comfortable* * *tepron1 directo you;no te había visto I hadn’t seen you2 indirecto (to) you;te doy el libro I’m giving you the book3 reflexivo yourself* * *te pron1) : youte quiero: I love you2) : for you, to you, from youme gustaría dártelo: I would like to give it to you3) : yourself, for yourself, to yourself, from yourself¡cálmate!: calm yourself!¿te guardaste uno?: did you keep one for yourself?4) : theeté nm1) : tea2) : tea party* * *te pron you -
97 währen
v/t (aufrechterhalten) preserve, maintain; (auch Geheimnis) keep; (Interessen etc.) look after, protect, safeguard; den Schein wahren keep up appearances; die Frist wahren meet the deadline; Form 3* * *to uphold; to preserve* * *wah|ren ['vaːrən]vt1) (= wahrnehmen) Interessen, Rechte to look after, to protect, to safeguard2) (= erhalten) Autorität, Ruf, Würde to preserve, to keep; Geheimnis to keep; Chancen to keep alive; gute Manieren to adhere to, to observedie Form wáhren — to adhere to correct form
den Anstand wáhren — to observe the proprieties
See:→ Schein* * *wah·ren[ˈva:rən]vt1. (schützen)▪ etw \wahren to protect [or safeguard] sthjds Interessen \wahren to look after sb's interestsjds Rechte \wahren to protect sb's rights2. (erhalten)▪ etw \wahren to maintain [or preserve] sthes fiel mir nicht leicht, meine Fassung zu \wahren it wasn't easy for me to keep my composure* * *transitives Verb (geh.) preserve, maintain <balance, equality, neutrality, etc.>; maintain, assert <authority, right>; keep < secret>; defend, safeguard <interests, rights, reputation>; s. auch Distanz 2); Form 5)* * *währen v/i last;es währte nicht lange, da … it wasn’t long before …;* * *transitives Verb (geh.) preserve, maintain <balance, equality, neutrality, etc.>; maintain, assert <authority, right>; keep < secret>; defend, safeguard <interests, rights, reputation>; s. auch Distanz 2); Form 5) -
98 misma
adj.&f.same, similar, equal, selfsame, like.adv.right.* * *f., (m. - mismo)* * *
mismo,-a
I adjetivo
1 same
el mismo acento, the same accent
2 (uso enfático) el rey mismo apareció en el umbral, the king himself appeared on the threshold
II pron same: comemos siempre lo mismo, we always eat the same thing
me da lo mismo, it makes no difference to me
es el mismo árbol, it's the same tree
por uno o sí mismo, by oneself
III adverbio
1 (intensificador) murió allí mismo, he died right there
ahora mismo, right now
2 (por ejemplo) for instance: Pedro mismo te ayudará, Pedro will help you, for instance
(incluso) yo mismo estoy de acuerdo, even I agree 3 así mismo, likewise
' misma' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
altura
- balanza
- canción
- coletilla
- conmigo
- consigo
- convivir
- copla
- curso
- desatarse
- doblete
- igual
- moneda
- quinta
- sangre
- se
- segura
- seguro
- señor
- cansar
- cantinela
- confianza
- contigo
- cortar
- edad
- ella
- mí
- mismo
- paisano
- promoción
- que
- quien
- sí
- tesis
- ti
- vos
- yo
English:
accountable
- as
- bolster
- coin
- concurrent
- defend
- give
- herself
- kind
- let
- like-minded
- live-in
- neither
- propose
- same
- school
- self-control
- story
- vein
- boost
- both
- drive
- drone
- equally
- gain
- league
- make
- myself
- odds
- own
- stunt
- unchanged
- very
- way
- yourself
-
99 KOSTR
(-ar, pl. -ir, acc. -i or -u), m.1) choice, alternative (hann sá engan sinn kost annan);mun ek engan kost á gøra, I will give no choice in the matter;2) choice, terms (hvern kost vili þér nú gøra Ingjaldi);hugsat hefi ek kostinn, I have thought over the terms;3) choice, chance, opportunity;kostr er e-s, there is a chance (þat er hverjum manni boðit at leita sér lífs, meðan kostr er);eiga e-s kost, to have a choice of (eiga slíkra manna kost);eiga alls kosti við e-n, to have one altogether in one’s power;4) match (Sigríðr hét dóttir hans ok þótti bezir kostr á Hálogalandi);hann spyrr, hverr eigi að ráða fyrir kosti hennar, who was to give her away;5) state, condition;sjá fyrir sínum kosti, to take care of oneself;síðan lét Símon varðveita kost hennar, look after her affairs;7) means, victuals, provisions (bauð hann Oddi alla kosti með sér);8) food (þat var siðr at fœra konum þeim kost, er á sæng hvíldu);9) board (þá bauð Ketill fé fyrir kost hennar);10) stores, goods (tvau skip hlaðin vænum kosti);11) good quality, good things;segja kost ok löst á e-u, to tell both the good and the bad of a thing;fær þú fátt af mér fríðra kosta, thou shalt get little good from me;13) adverb. usages:þat er til kostar, ef, it is well done, if;at þeim kosti, on that condition;at öðrum kosti, else, otherwise;at síðasta, efsta kosti, in the last instance, last emergency;alls kostar, quite, in every respect;eigi eins kostar, not very, not peculiarly;annars kostar, as for the rest;nökkurs kostar, in any wise;þess kostar, in this case, thus.* * *m., gen. kostar, pl. kostir, old acc. pl. kostu, which is used in old poets as Sighvat (Ó. H. 39), Arnór (Edda 50); but the usual form in the MSS. as well as in mod. usage is kosti; [Ulf. kustus = δοκιμή, 2 Cor. ii. 9, xiii. 3; Germ. and Dan. kost = fare, food]:—a choice, the fundamental notion being trial;I. condition, chance, but mostly with the notion of a hard choice; eru nú tveir kostir til, sá annarr, at …, hinn annarr, at …, Nj. 199; sá er hinn þriði kostr, Grág. ii. 83; munu þér hinn sama kost fyrir höndum eiga sem vær áttum, at verja fé yðvart ok frelsi … en at öðrum kosti, Eg. 8; hann sá engan sinn kost annan, en hann lét fallask þvers undan laginu, Nj. 246, Eg. 24; sám vér þann helzt várn kost at firrask fund hans, 70; nú má Flosi sjá sinn kost, hvárt hann vill sættask til þess at sumir sé utan sætta, Nj. 250; það er hverjum manni boðit, at leita sér lífs meðan kostr er, 202; einbeygðr kostr, the only choice left, Orkn. 58.2. choice, terms; hvern kost vili þér nú göra Ingjaldi? Nj. 3; ek göri þér skjótan kost, Dropl. 6; göra e-m tvá kosti, Ld. 212, Fs. 57; tók Kali þenna kost, Orkn. 214.3. a chance, opportunity, possibility; göra kost á e-u, Nj. 155, 271; mun ek öngan kost á göra, I will give no choice in the matter, i. e. will not do it, 149; kost muntú láta at etja, 90:—kostr er á, or gen. kostr e-s, a thing is possible, there is a chance, 254, 263; ef þess er k., Grág. ii. 56; Háreks var ekki við k., there was no question as to H., Ísl. ii. 315; þá er mín er eigi við kostr, when I am gone, Stj. 363:—eiga e-s kosti, to have a chance of, be able, allowed, Grág. i. 63, 468, Ld. 84, 160, 184, Nj. 57, 132, Eg. 16, 60, 531, Sks. 20 B.4. a match, of an unmarried woman; Sigríðr hét dóttir hans ok þótti beztr kostr á Hálogalandi, Eg. 25; hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, hón var væn kona ok kurteis ok vel at sér, ok þótti sá beztr k. á Rangárvöllum, Nj. (begin.); Hallr kvað góðan kost í henni, H. said she was a good match, 180, Fs. 88, Stj. 187; engi kostr þótti þá þvílíkr sem Helga hin Fagra í öllum Borgarfirði, Ísl. ii. 206: giving a woman away, hann spyrr hverr ráða eigi fyrir kosti hennar, who was to give her away, Band. 9 new Ed.; mey til kosta, a maid to be married, Hm. 81, (MS. kossa), cp. liggja heima sem mær til kosta, Fas. iii. 409, (ráða-kostr, a match); kvennkostr (q. v.), góðr kvennkostr.5. choice, state, condition; þat mun mína kosti hér fram draga, at þú átt ekki vald á mér, Orkn. 120; kostum drepr kvenna karla ofríki, i. e. the tyranny of man crushes a woman’s right, Am. 69; drap þá brátt kosti, then the state grew worse, id.; sjá fyrir sínum kosti, to take care of oneself, Fms. x. 236; eigi mun honum þykkja batnað hafa várr kostr, Eg. 287; eigi treystusk menn at raska kosti þeirra, people dared not meddle with them, disturb them, Ld. 146; bændr vildu verja kost sinn, defend themselves, Fms. ix. 306; síðan lét Simon varðveita kost hennar, guard her affairs, vii. 233; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, then he holds his place, loses not his right, Grág. ii. 209; ú-kostir, afar-kostir, a hard, evil choice; ör-kostr, lack of choice, poverty.II. cost, expence; allan þann kost er hann hefir fyrir haft, Jb. 321; sá er vitna þarf skal standa þeim kost allan, 358; hver maðr er sik ok sín hjú heldr á sínum kosti, K. Á. 78; þat skip höfðu bæjar-menn látið göra af sínum kosti, Fms. ix. 270; hann hélt sik ríkmannlega at klæðum ok öllum kosti ( fare), ii. 278; hann lét alla sína félaga á sinn kost þann vetr, Gullþ. 9; hví hann var svá djarfr at taka slíka menn upp á kost hans, Landn. 149, v. l.; hann gaf sér mikinn kost til ( he took great pains), at koma þeim öllum í vingun við Guð, Hom. 108; þóat hann hefði mörgu sinni mikinn kost ( pains) til gefit, Al. 116; hann lézk þar vildu sína kosti til leggja ( do his best), at þeir Hákon deildi enga úhæfu, Fms. i. 22.III. means; er (þeir) synja ölmusu, er kosti höfðu til, Hom. 64; hafa meira kost, to be the strongest, Fb. ii. 361; eiga alls kosti við e-n, to have it all in one’s power, i. e. to be the strongest; Jökull gaf honum líf ok átti áðr alls kosti við hann, Fs. 10; eiga alla kosti, Fms. iv. 296, Stj. 481; Bessus er slíks átti kosti við hann er hann vildi gört hafa, Al. 101; eiga nokkurs góðs kosti, 96; hafa lítils kosti, to have small chance, be little worth, Mar.: means, provisions, meðan mér endask föng til, þótt ek véla um mína kosti, though I am left to my own supplies, Eg. 66; bauð hann Oddi alla kosti með sér, Fas. ii. 540; ef vér hittumk síðar svá at þeir hafi meiri kosli ( forces), Fms. v. 87; bændr efldu þá kost hans um búit, Sturl. iii. 196 C: stores, tvau skip hlaðin vænum kosti, Fms. xi. 436; hér sé ek beggja kost, I see here plenty of either, Sighvat; mungát né aðra kosti ( fare), setjask í kosti e-s, Fms. viii. 58; bændr uggðu at sezt mundi á kost þeirra, ok kurruðu ílla, Bs. i. 549: victuals, provisions, Germ. kost, selja silfr fyrir kost, Fas. i. 450; hveiti ok annarr kostr, Stj. 112; Kirkja á þetta í kosti, tvær vættir skreiðar, vætt smjörs, vætt kjöts, Pm. 34; tvau hundruð í haustlagi, tíu aura í kosti, Vm. 42: board, bóndi skal halda honum kost, Jb. 374; þá bauð Ketill fé fyrir kost hennar, Dropl. 4; til kostar ok klæða, fare and clothing, B. K. 108; at konungs kosti, at the king’s table, Bs. i. 782; far-k. (q. v.), a ship, vehicle; liðs-k., forces, troops.IV. cost, quality; af léttum kosti, Fms. x. 173; þat sax var afburðar-járn kosti, of fine steel, id.2. good things; friði fylgja allir kostir ok öll fríðindi, Clem. 29; kyn ok kostr ( quality), MS. 4. 9; fátt fríðra kosta, Hdl. 45: þeir kostir skulu ok fylgja, at þik skal aldri kala í skyrtunni, Fas. ii. 529, 531; þá ferr hann ór skyrtu sinni, ok hélt hón öllum kostum sínum, 539: fatness, Lat. ubertas glebae, jarðarinnar kost ok feitleik, Stj. 167; þar vóru allgóðir lands-kostir, Hkr. i. 55; er mér sagt gott frá landa-kostum, at þar gangi fé sjálfala á vetrum en fiskr í hverju vatni, Fs. 20, 25, Landn. 225, v. l.; af kostum skal þessu landi nafn gefa ok kalla Markland, Fb. i. 539.3. virtue; þeir stígask yfir af hermönnum Krists fyrir helga kosti, Hom. 27; Kristni þróask at mannfjölda ok kostum, MS. 677. 8; eigi er þat rúnanna kostr, … heldr er þat þinn kostr, Skálda 162, freq. in mod. usage.4. a good quality, virtue; segja kost ok löst, to tell fairly the good and bad of a thing; skalt þú segja kost ok löst á konunni, Nj. 23; hann sagði kost ok löst af landinu, Landn. 30; löstu ok kostu bera ljóða synir blandna brjóstum í, Hm. 134; ú-kostr, a fault, flaw; mann-kostir, virtues.5. spec. of a horse, plur. a fine pace; hestr óð kafs af kostum, Sighvat.V. spec. and adverb. usages; til kostar, well! all right! well done! er þat til kostar, ef eigi flýjum vér fyrir mönnunum, Fms. xi. 139; þat er til kostar, ef …, well done, if …, Hým. 33; er þat ok til kostar ( it is a comfort) at Höskuldi muni þá tveir hlutir ílla líka, Ld. 70: because, allra mest af þeim kosti, at …, Hom. 33: sagði Ósvífr at þeir mundi á kostum ( indeed) finna, at þau Guðrún vóru eigi jafnmenni, Ld. 122; þeim kosti, in that case, Grág. i. 40; engum kosti, by no means, MS. 4. 21; at þeim kosti, on that condition, Grág. ii. 239; at öðrum kosti, else, otherwise, Eg. 8, 749; at þriðja kosti, thirdly, 14, Grág. i. 395; at síðasta, efsta kosti, in the last instance, last emergency, Nj. 221; at fæsta kosti, at least, N. G. L. i. 61; at versta kosti, in the worst case, 101; at minnsta kosti, at least: gen., alls kostar, quite, in every respect, Sks. 674 B, passim; eigi eins kostar, not very, not peculiarly, Ísl. ii. 322; annars kostar, as for the rest, 108 B; nokkurs kostar, in any wise, Fms. xi. 79, Fb. i. 74; sums kostar, in some respect, Fas. ii. 547, v. 69, Hom. 89; þess kostar, in this case, thus, Fms. xi. 79, Rb. 36, Hom. (St.): acc., þá kostu, as adv., in such a manner, N. G. L. i. 327; fyrir hvern kost, by every means. ☞ Kostr, in sense I, is in old writers often omitted, and left to be supplied by the adjective or pronoun, e. g. þann (viz. kost) munu vér af taka, Ld. 188; at hann mundi verða þann upp at taka, Eg. 157, Nj. 222; er þá ok sá einn (viz. kostr) til, 227, Fms. vii. 265; er oss nú engi annarr til, Nj. 143, Eg. 405; er yðr engi annarr á görr en snúa aptr, Nj. 207; Hákon jarl er alltrauðr undir trúna at ganga, ok þykkir vera harðr (viz. kostr) á annat borð, Fms. xi. 39.COMPDS: kostarhald, kostarlauss, kostaboð, kostamikill, kostamunr, kostavandr, kostavanr. -
100 на плечах
I• ЛЕЖАТЬ НА ПЛЕЧАХ чьих, (у) кого; НА ПЛЕЧАХ[VP or PrepP (Invar, used as subj-compl with быть; subj: abstr]=====⇒ to be s.o.'s (usu. burdensome) responsibility, demanding much time, work, care etc from s.o.:- X лежит на Y-овых плечах≈ X rests (lies, is etc) on Y's shoulders;- X rests (falls) on Y.♦ Хозяйство, забота о детях, о больной матери - всё лежало на её плечах. Running the household, looking after the children and her ailing mother - everything rested on her shoulders.II• НА ПЛЕЧАХ (у) кого ворваться, вступить куда, идти и т.п.[PrepP; Invar; the resulting PrepP is adv]=====⇒ (to follow) right behind (a retreating enemy); (to enter into a city, town etc) right behind (the enemy who failed to defend it and retreated into it):- right < hot> on s.o.'s heels (tail);- (right) on top of s.o.;- (closely) pursuing s.o.♦ Два полка были сметены и бежали, бросая оружие. На плечах их шёл полк немецких гусар (Шолохов 2). The two regiments were mown down and fled, abandoning their arms. They were pursued by a regiment of German hussars (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на плечах
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