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confusion+over

  • 1 ♦ confusion

    ♦ confusion /kənˈfju:ʒn/
    n. [uc]
    1 confusione: There is great confusion over the company's intentions, c'è molta confusione sulle intenzioni della società
    2 confusione; caos; scompiglio: The pickpocket escaped in the confusion, nella confusione il borsaiolo è scappato; to be thrown (o plunged) into confusion, essere gettato nello scompiglio; cadere in preda al caos; in a state of total confusion, nella più totale confusione
    3 confusione; scambio; equivoco: confusion between two terms, confusione tra due termini
    4 imbarazzo; confusione: covered with confusion, assai imbarazzato; in preda a grande confusione
    5 (leg.) confusione ( di beni, debiti, diritti, ecc.).

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ confusion

  • 2 confusión

    f.
    1 confusion, mix-up, disorder, confusedness.
    2 perplexity, bafflement, confusion, confusedness.
    3 commotion, riot, clutter, hassle.
    4 scene of confusion, shambles.
    * * *
    1 (desorden) confusion, chaos
    2 (equivocación) mistake, confusion
    3 (turbación) confusion, embarrassment
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=equivocación) confusion

    ha habido una confusión en los nombres — there was a mix-up with the names, there was some confusion with the names

    esta carta no es para mí, debe de tratarse de una confusión — this letter is not for me, there must be some mistake

    • por confusión — by mistake

    2) (=desconcierto) confusion
    3) (=turbación)
    * * *
    a) (desorden, caos) confusion
    b) ( perplejidad) confusion
    c) ( turbación) embarrassment
    d) ( equivocación) confusion
    * * *
    = confounding, confusion, mix-up [mixup], dislocation, welter, muddle, perplex, turbulence, turmoil, jumble, blurring, clouding, daze, messiness, obfuscation, turbulent waters, puzzle, miasma, snarl, snarl-up, brouhaha, perplexity.
    Ex. Experience of IT in USA is associated not infrequently with the confounding of confident expectations.
    Ex. In particular, when one command means one thing in one system and something else in another system this is likely to lead to confusion.
    Ex. You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.
    Ex. SDC's ORBIT software is a variation on the ELHILL software used with MEDLINE, so users of that data base can move across to SDC with a minimum of dislocation.
    Ex. Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.
    Ex. The author attempts to sort out the muddle in which librarians have found themselves = El autor intenta aclarar la confusión en la que se encuentran los bibliotecarios.
    Ex. The article 'The print perplex' asserts that librarians must deal with a future of mixed print and digital material, since most books will never be in digital form.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'Survival skills for information professionals in the decade of turbulence'.
    Ex. China has suffered from over a decade of turmoil which has prevented the development of modern information services.
    Ex. Compared to this fairly ordered monographic literature, the multiple contents of a collection of periodicals seemed like a terrible jumble.
    Ex. Read from the perspective of Bakhtin, this blurring of genres is also a blurring of idealogies.
    Ex. A major problem for the technician is one of recognition in situations where there is a clouding of identification with clerical staff.
    Ex. The article 'The daze of future business research' examines changing trends in online business information searching with the rush to the Internet.
    Ex. Management theorists seem unable to cope with the unpredictability, the multivariate nature and the ' messiness' of human organizations in cultural contexts.
    Ex. The results has been an ever greater obfuscation of what constitutes the profession of librarianship.
    Ex. His experience and expertise has guided IFLA members smoothly across what could easily have been turbulent waters = Sus conocimientos y experiencia en la formulación de los Estatutos ha guiado a los miembros de la IFLA sin problemas a través de lo que podrían haber sido fácilmente aguas turbulentas.
    Ex. We talk heatedly about books that lie beyond our present concerns because these allow us to speculate and often present us with puzzles we want to explore.
    Ex. The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.
    Ex. His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.
    Ex. However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.
    Ex. He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.
    Ex. The combination of perplexity over what is the right mix and apparent inability to represent information activity dynamically is very strong.
    ----
    * aclarar una confusión = unravel + snarl.
    * aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.
    * causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.
    * confusión económica = economic turmoil.
    * confusión histórica = historical confusion.
    * de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.
    * estado de confusión = state of confusion.
    * llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.
    * * *
    a) (desorden, caos) confusion
    b) ( perplejidad) confusion
    c) ( turbación) embarrassment
    d) ( equivocación) confusion
    * * *
    = confounding, confusion, mix-up [mixup], dislocation, welter, muddle, perplex, turbulence, turmoil, jumble, blurring, clouding, daze, messiness, obfuscation, turbulent waters, puzzle, miasma, snarl, snarl-up, brouhaha, perplexity.

    Ex: Experience of IT in USA is associated not infrequently with the confounding of confident expectations.

    Ex: In particular, when one command means one thing in one system and something else in another system this is likely to lead to confusion.
    Ex: You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.
    Ex: SDC's ORBIT software is a variation on the ELHILL software used with MEDLINE, so users of that data base can move across to SDC with a minimum of dislocation.
    Ex: Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.
    Ex: The author attempts to sort out the muddle in which librarians have found themselves = El autor intenta aclarar la confusión en la que se encuentran los bibliotecarios.
    Ex: The article 'The print perplex' asserts that librarians must deal with a future of mixed print and digital material, since most books will never be in digital form.
    Ex: The title of the article is 'Survival skills for information professionals in the decade of turbulence'.
    Ex: China has suffered from over a decade of turmoil which has prevented the development of modern information services.
    Ex: Compared to this fairly ordered monographic literature, the multiple contents of a collection of periodicals seemed like a terrible jumble.
    Ex: Read from the perspective of Bakhtin, this blurring of genres is also a blurring of idealogies.
    Ex: A major problem for the technician is one of recognition in situations where there is a clouding of identification with clerical staff.
    Ex: The article 'The daze of future business research' examines changing trends in online business information searching with the rush to the Internet.
    Ex: Management theorists seem unable to cope with the unpredictability, the multivariate nature and the ' messiness' of human organizations in cultural contexts.
    Ex: The results has been an ever greater obfuscation of what constitutes the profession of librarianship.
    Ex: His experience and expertise has guided IFLA members smoothly across what could easily have been turbulent waters = Sus conocimientos y experiencia en la formulación de los Estatutos ha guiado a los miembros de la IFLA sin problemas a través de lo que podrían haber sido fácilmente aguas turbulentas.
    Ex: We talk heatedly about books that lie beyond our present concerns because these allow us to speculate and often present us with puzzles we want to explore.
    Ex: The past is often shrouded in a miasma of uncertain memories confounded by missing or incomplete records.
    Ex: His work is such a snarl of so many different things that it is as endlessly demanding as it is rewarding.
    Ex: However, taxi is a more advisable option considering the never-ending Bangkok traffic snarl-up, especially during the rush hour.
    Ex: He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.
    Ex: The combination of perplexity over what is the right mix and apparent inability to represent information activity dynamically is very strong.
    * aclarar una confusión = unravel + snarl.
    * aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.
    * causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.
    * confusión económica = economic turmoil.
    * confusión histórica = historical confusion.
    * de un modo que causa confusión = confusingly.
    * estado de confusión = state of confusion.
    * llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.

    * * *
    1 (perplejidad) confusion
    para mayor confusión se llaman igual to add to the confusion o to confuse things even more o to make things even more confusing, they have the same name
    2 (desorden, caos) confusion
    3 (turbación) embarrassment
    su inesperada declaración de amor la llenó de confusión his unexpected declaration of love filled her with embarrassment o confusion o threw her into confusion
    tanta amabilidad me produjo una gran confusión I was embarrassed o overwhelmed by so much kindness
    4 (equivocación) confusion
    lamentamos la confusión que hubo con la factura we regret the confusion over the invoice
    sus comentarios se prestan a confusión his comments are open to misinterpretation
    para que no haya más confusiones to avoid any further confusion o any more mix-ups
    * * *

     

    confusión sustantivo femenino



    confusión sustantivo femenino
    1 (desorden) confusion
    2 (error) mistake
    ' confusión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aturdimiento
    - barullo
    - belén
    - desbarajuste
    - desconcierto
    - desorientación
    - embrollo
    - folclore
    - follón
    - obnubilar
    - ofuscación
    - para
    - prestarse
    - torre
    - turbación
    - aquél
    - armar
    - bochinche
    - convulsionar
    - desorden
    - ése
    - éste
    - grado
    - jaleo
    - lío
    - mareo
    - medio
    - sólo
    - turbar
    English:
    brainstorm
    - confusion
    - disarray
    - foul up
    - haziness
    - mess
    - misunderstanding
    - mix-up
    - quagmire
    - rush
    - scramble
    - shambles
    - start
    - turmoil
    - welter
    - add
    - disorder
    - havoc
    - mix
    - straighten
    * * *
    1. [desorden, lío] confusion;
    la confusión aumentó con la llegada del cantante the singer's arrival added to the confusion;
    los ladrones actuaron aprovechando la confusión the thieves took advantage of the confusion;
    hubo una gran confusión there was great confusion;
    existe cierta confusión acerca de lo que realmente quiso decir there is some confusion as to what he really meant
    2. [desconcierto]
    la noticia me llenó de confusión I was disconcerted by the news
    3. [error] mix-up;
    ha habido una confusión there has been a bit of a mix-up;
    esa frase puede llevar a confusión that phrase could lead to confusion o be misinterpreted
    * * *
    f confusion
    * * *
    confusión nf, pl - siones : confusion
    * * *
    1. (falta de claridad) confusion
    2. (equivocación) mistake

    Spanish-English dictionary > confusión

  • 3 confusión histórica

    Ex. The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.
    * * *

    Ex: The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.

    Spanish-English dictionary > confusión histórica

  • 4 confusion

    n
    2. громадські безпорядки/ заворушення
    - confusion of ideas плутанина ідей
    - confusion reigns in the country в країні панує безпорядок

    English-Ukrainian diplomatic dictionary > confusion

  • 5 confusion

    [kən΄fju:зn] n անկարգություն, խառ նաշփոթություն. շփոթմունք. There was some confusion over the dates Ամսաթվերի կապակցու թյամբ ինչ-որ խառնաշփոթություն կա. The army retreated in confusion Բանակը անկարգ ձևով նահանջեց

    English-Armenian dictionary > confusion

  • 6 twijfel over het vaderschap van een kind

    twijfel over het vaderschap van een kind

    Deens-Russisch woordenboek > twijfel over het vaderschap van een kind

  • 7 er ontstond enige verwarring over zijn identiteit

    er ontstond enige verwarring over zijn identiteit

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > er ontstond enige verwarring over zijn identiteit

  • 8 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 9 get

    1. I
    1) I have 10 shillings more to get мне надо достать еще десять шиллингов
    2) she gave him as good as she got она дала ему сдачи
    2. II
    1) get somewhere get here (home, thus far, abroad, etc.) приезжать /добираться, попадать/ сюда и т. д.; he forgot the key and couldn't get in он забыл ключ и не мог попасть в дом; the door was locked and we could not get out дверь была заперта [на ключ], и мы не могли войти; the train is starting, you must get in поезд отправляется, вам надо войти в вагон; I have no ticket, will I be able to get in? у меня нет билета, мне можно пройти /меня пропустят/? get out! вылезай(те)!, выходи(те)!; please, let me get by пожалуйста, пропустите меня /разрешите мне пройти/; get ashore сходить /высаживаться/ на берег; get astray заблудиться; rumours (reports, etc.) get abroad ходят /распространяются/ слухи и т. д.; this piece of news has got abroad эта новость стала широко известна; such sensations get abroad такого рода сенсационные сообщения становятся достоянием широкой публики; he'll soon get there он там скоро будет, он туда скоро попадет; your letter got there yesterday ваше письмо там получили /пришло туда/ вчера; how (lid these flowers get there? как туда попали эти цветы?: he got home quickly он быстро добрался до дому: the bridge was destroyed and we couldn't get across мост был разрушен, и мы не могли попасть на ту сторону; the frontier is so well guarded that. no one can get across граница так надежно /хорошо/ охраняется, что никто не может ее перейти /что ее невозможно нарушить/; get down спуститься вниз: the cat climbed to the top of tile tree and couldn't get down кошка взобралась на вершину дерева и не могла слезть
    2) he tries hard but he never gets anywhere он много работает, но у него ничего не выходит, он прилагает много усилий, но ничего не может добиться; you'll get nowhere if you work so little если вы будете так мало работать, вы ничего не добьетесь: with courage we can get anywhere мужество поможет нам добиться всего; he is getting ahead splendidly у него дела идут прекрасно; at last we seem to be getting somewhere похоже, наконец у нас что-то получается
    3. III
    1) get smth. get an answer (a postcard, a telegram, good new?get information, a birthday present, a pension, wages, etc.) получать ответ и т.д., get confirmation получить подтверждение; he got a surprise его ждал сюрприз; where can I get permission? его можно получить разрешение?; get one's breakfast (one's dinner, etc.) позавтракать и т. д.; I could not get any supper я остался без ужина, я не смог поужинать || get a sight /а glimpse/ of smb., smth. увидеть кого-л., что-л.
    2) get smth., smb. where did you get the money? где вы достали /раздобыли/ деньги? get a hat (a new coat, same stamps, a new diary, etc.) приобретать /покупать/ шляпу и т. д.'; you had better get a new umbrella вам бы надо купить /вам нужен/ новый зонтик; where can I get this book? где можно достать /купить/ эту книгу? I got the book. needed я нашел /достал/ нужную мне книгу; I'll go and get some milk. get Some biscuits too a схожу за молоком. get Возьми еще и печенья. get the prize (a good crop, credit, much, little, etc.) получать приз и т. д., he has got the support of the directors он получил поддержку /добился поддержки/ директоров; get a profit получать прибыль; he got nothing ему ничего на досталось, get good results (advantage, power, fame, wealth, etc.) добиваться хороших результатов и т.д., I went and got some singing lessons я пошел и взял несколько уроков пения; get friends при обретать друзей; where do you get pupils? откуда вы берете учеников?; get a wife жениться; get knowledge of the subject овладевать каким-л. предметом || get possession of smth. завладеть /овладеть/ чем-л.; get one's own way добиться своего
    3) get smth., smb. get one's hat (one's stick, one's bag, etc.) взять [с собой] шляпу и т. д., wait till I get my coat подожди, я только возьму пальто; go and get the doctor сходи за врачом; hold the line, I'll go and get him не вешайте трубку, я сейчас ere позову /найду/
    4) get smth. the room (the house, etc.) gets no sun в комнату и т. д. совсем не попадает солнце; this room gets all the sun именно в эту комнату попадает солнце; I'll come and see you if I get the time я приеду повидать вас, если у меня будет время; she hoped to get a little sleep она надеялась, что немного поспит /что ей удастся немного поспать/; I'll go and get some sleep пойду сосну
    5) get smb.,smth. I didn't get him a) я не застал его; б) я не дозвонился ему; you got the wrong number вы ошиблись номером /вы не туда попали/
    6) get smb., smth. get the thief (the runaway, the culprit, a squirrel, etc.) поймать вора и т. д.; did he get his train он успел на поезд?; I decided to get the next train я решил сесть на следующий поезд
    7) get smth. get an illness заболеть; get a cold /а chill/ простудиться; get [the] measles (scarlet fever, typhus, etc.) заболеть корью, подхватить корь и т. д.; have you got a cold? у вас насморк?; get a bad fall (a slight hurt) сильно (слегка) ушибиться; get a blow (a shock, a nasty wound, etc.) получить удар и т. д.
    8) get smth. get ten years (six months, etc.) получить десять лет тюрьмы /тюремного заключения/ и т. д., быть приговоренным к десяти годам [тюремного заключения] и т. д.; you'll get a beating тебя ожидает порка, тебя высекут; you'll get a scolding тебя ожидает /ты получишь/ выговор; you'll get it! тебе влетит
    9) get smth., smb. coll. get the joke (smb.'s meaning, smb.'s idea, etc.) понимать шутку и т. д., I don't get it не понял; it is just between us, get it? это только между нами, попятно?; I didn't get your name я не разобрал /не расслышал/ вашего имени; I don't get you я вас не понимаю
    10) get smth. dividing nine by three we get three если разделить девять на три, получится три
    11) have got smth. I have got a new watch (a new suit, a new hat, a car, etc.) у меня [есть] новые часы и т. д; have you got a newspaper (the tickets, a pencil, an erasing-knife, etc)? у вас есть газета и т.д.? I've got no money у меня нет денег; she's got a lovely voice у нее красивый голос; he'll lose all he's got, if he isn't careful если он не будет более осмотрительным /осторожнее/, он потеряет все, что имеет
    4. IV
    1) get smth. at some time get the answer this morning (some money soon, etc.) получить ответ сегодня утром и т. д.; get money every month получать деньги каждый месяц; I get a letter every day каждый день мне приходит /я получаю/ письмо; in this hotel I get breakfast every morning в этой гостинице каждое утро дают /подают/ завтрак; get your dinner at once сейчас же пообедай; get smth. in some manner you got the answer right ты получил /у тебя получился/ правильный ответ
    2) get smth. in some manner get this horse (this coat, this bicycle, etc.) cheap (ly) дешево купить /приобрести/ лошадь и т. д., купить эту лошадь и т. д. по дешевке; get the book second-hand приобрести подержанную книгу, купить книгу у букиниста; get money easily легко зарабатывать /доставать, получать/ деньги; get this book easily достать эту книгу без затруднений
    3) get smb., smth. somewhere get him home (the old man upstairs, you there, the child up, etc.) отводить /доставлять, приводить/ его домой и т.д., get smb. in а) помочь кому-л. проникнуть куда-л.; б) втащить кого-л. вовнутрь; get smb. out а) помочь кому-л. выбраться откуда-л.; б) вытащить кого-л. откуда-л.; get the horses out вывести лошадей; what got you here? что вас привело сюда?; get this parcel home (the table here, etc.) доставлять посылку домой и т. д., get the chairs (the washing, some coal, etc.) in вносить стулья и т.д., I don't know how you'll ever get the box (the trunk, the piano, etc.) upstairs не знаю, как вы втащите этот ящик и т. д. наверх; get a mast up ставить мачту; get up a sunken vessel поднимать затонувшее судно; get smth. overboard выбрасывать что-л. за борт; get his letter (one's own books, my money, etc.) back получить обратно его письме и т. д., now I've got you back теперь вы вернулись ко мне
    4) get smb. at some time I'll get you yet! я еще вас поймаю!, вы еще мне попадетесь!; he got you that time! на этот раз он вас поймал!
    5) get smb. somewhere it will get him nowhere, it won't get him anywhere это ничего ему не даст, этим он ничего не добьется; all work and no play does not get you anywhere если работать и не отдыхать, толку будет мало
    6) get smb., smth. in some manner coll. I get you (your meaning, your idea, etc.) all right я хорошо понимаю вас и т. д.
    7) have got smth. somewhere what have you got there? что у вас там?
    5. V
    get smb. smth.
    1) get him a ticket (me a dictionary, them those pictures, etc.) доставать /покупать/ ему билет и т. д.; get me a good teacher (him a place. her another job, etc.) найдите мне хорошего преподавателя и т. д.
    2) get smb. a towel (me my hat, him another dictionary, her a chair, me some ink, etc.) принести кому-л. полотенце и т. д.; can you get me another pencil? вы можете принести /дать/ мне другой карандаш?
    3) get smb. smb., smth. get me the director (the hospital, the head teacher, etc.) соедините меня с директором и т. д.
    6. VI
    1) get smth., smb. in some state get dinner (breakfast, books, etc.) ready приготовить обед и т. д., she quickly got the children ready for school она быстро собрала детей в школу; get one's feet (one's clothes, etc.) wet промочить ноги и т. д.; get the windows open открыть окна; get everything right again снова навести везде порядок; get smb. free освободить кого-л., выпустить кого-л. на свободу; get the dog loose спустить собаку с цепи; it gets me down-hearted это приводит меня в уныние
    2) get smth. in some state get the sum right получить правильный ответ [в решении задачи], правильно решить задачу
    7. VII
    1) get smth., smb. to do smth. get something (nothing, etc.) to eat (to read, to play with, etc.) достать что-нибудь поесть и т. д.; get leave to go home получить отпуск для поездки домой; get smb. to clean the windows (to wash the floors, to do the room, etc.) найти кого-л. [, чтобы] вымыть окна и т. д.; I can't get anyone to do the work properly не могу найти человека, который выполнил бы эту работу как следует
    2) get smb., smth. to do smth. get your friend to help you (him to come, her to join us, your brother to introduce me to the chairman, etc.) убедить /заставить/ вашего приятеля /друга/ помочь вам и т. д.; get a fire to burn разжечь огонь или костер; get this door to shut properly починить дверь, чтобы она закрывалась как следует; I can never get him to go to bed я никогда не могу уложить его спать; get him to tell her about it уговорите его рассказать ей об этом; you will not be able to get a tree to grow in this soil вам не удастся вырастить дерево на такой почве
    3) Have got smth. to do I have got very much /lots of work/ to do у меня очень много работы /дел/, мне надо очень много сделать; what have you got to say? что вы можете сказать?
    8. VIII
    get smth., smb. doing smth.get the clock (the work, the typewriter, etc.) going наладить часы и т. д; at last he got the stone rolling наконец ему удалось сдвинуть камень, и тот покатился; she got everybody singing все подхватили ее песню; она заставила всех петь; I'll get her talking а) я заставлю ее заговорить; б) я разговорю ее; that got him guessing это заставило его теряться в догадках
    9. IX
    1) get smth., smb. done I must get the book bound (my passport endorsed, the work done, my shoes repaired, etc.) мне нужно [отдать] переплести книгу и т. д.; we are getting our apartment newly papered мы заново оклеиваем [обоями] квартиру; I shall get my hair cut я постригусь; can you get the work finished in time (by evening)? a) вы можете закончить работу вовремя (к вечеру)?; б) вы можете добиться, чтобы работа была готова вовремя (к вечеру)?; where can I this printed (my piano tuned, my shoes soled, etc.)? где мне / я могу/ это напечатать и т. д.?; I want to get my coat mended я хочу починить /отдать в починку/ пальто; get the laws obeyed (my words believed, etc.) добиться [того], чтобы законы выполнялись /соблюдались/ и т. д.; get oneself appointed (noticed, chosen, etc.) сделать так, чтобы тебя назначили и т. д., they got him elected chairman они провели его в председатели
    2) get smb. in some state get a man drunk напоить человека; get smb. dressed (washed, fed, etc.) одеть и т. д. кого-л.; it gets me discouraged я от этого прихожу в уныние; he got his face scratched (his wrist broken, etc.) он расцарапал лицо и т. д.
    10. X
    get into some state get married (dressed, shaved, brushed clean, confused, hurt, etc.) жениться и т.д., get drunk напиваться; get tired уставать; get frozen замерзать; he got drowned он утонул; you must get done /finished/ with it с этим нужно покончить /кончать/; get used /accustomed/ to the climate here (to the customs and manners over here, to sitting up late, to the rolling of a ship, etc.) привыкать к здешнему климату и т. д., he got fired /dismissed/ (severely wounded, killed, etc.) его уволили /выгнали/ и т. д.; he got paid for this ему за это заплатили; he got mixed up with dishonest men он связался с дурной компанией; they got left behind они отстали; that vase will get broken эта ваза разобьется; everything gets known все становится известным || get rid of smb., smth. отделываться /избавляться/ от кого-л., чего-л.; get rid of a troublesome visitor (of a lazy servant, of the old car, of an engagement, etc.) избавиться /отделаться/ от назойливого посетителя и т. д.
    11. XI
    1) be got the thing is not to be got fay вещь нельзя достать
    2) be got at the soul of a people can be got at fully only through, the knowledge of its language душу народа можно познать только через его язык
    3) be got at coll. the witness (the press, the voters, etc.) have been got at свидетели и т. д. были подкуплены
    12. ХIII
    1) get to do smth. soon she got to like her job скоро ей начала нравиться /понравилась/ ее работа, она вскоре полюбила свой работу;how did you get to know it? как вы об этом узнали?, как вам удалось это узнать?; they got to be friends они стали друзьями; you'll like him when /once/ you get to know him когда вы его узнаете, вы его полюбите
    2) have got to do smth. we've got to go (to write a letter, to listen to what he says, to leave early to catch my train, to pass this examination, etc.) нам необходимо /мы должны/ идти и т.д., it has got to be done это должно быть сделано /надо сделать/; she's got to work hard for her living ей приходится много работать, чтобы заработать на жизнь
    3) id have got to do with smth. what's that got to do with us? какое это имеет отношение к нам?
    13. XIV
    get doing smth.,get moving (rolling, singing, etc.) начать двигаться и т. д.; when these women get talking they go on for hours когда эти женщины начнут разговаривать /болтать/, их не остановишь; we got talking of the future мы стали говорить /заговорили/ о будущем; they wanted to get going on the construction of the house они хотели приступить к строительству дома; if we don't get doing we'll never arrive in time если мы не тронемся в путь, мы ни за что не приедем вовремя; things haven't really got going yet дела еще фактически не сдвинулись с места /с мертвой точки/; let's get going! пошли!, пойдём!, поёхали!
    13. XV
    get into some state get warmer (worse and worse, uglier every day, etc.) становиться теплее и т. д.; get grey (old, silly, poor, red in the face, etc.) поседеть и т. д.; get well поправляться, выздоравливать; he is getting better ему уже лучше; get asleep засыпать; I am getting thirsty (sleepy, hungry. etc.) мне захотелось пить и т. д., the children will get wet (hungry, etc.) дети вымокнут /промокнут/ и т. д.; he got rich он разбогател; he got mad at the message записка его разозлила; он разозлился на записку; they got closer to each other они сблизились, они стали ближе друг другу; it got rainy пошли дожди; it got foggy опустился туман; the sky got cloudy небо заволокло тучами; it is getting dark (cold, warm, etc.) темнеет и т. д. it is getting late уже поздно; the fire is getting low костер гаснет /угасает/; things are getting better дела идут все лучше
    14. XVI
    1) get into (out of, through, over, up, across, at, etc.) smth. get into the room (into town, into a bar, etc.) попадать /входить/ в комнату и т. д.; the burglar got into the kitchen through the window грабитель проник /влез/ в кухню через окно; get into a car сесть /влезть/ в автомобиль /в машину/; get into the saddle сесть /взобраться/ в седло; something has got into my eye мне что-то попало в глаз this story got into the newspapers эта история попала в газеты; where has that book got to? куда запропастилась /делась/ эта книга?; get to the station (to London, to the office, etc.) добраться до вокзала и т. д.; where did you get to yesterday? куда вы делись /где вы были/ вчера?; get out, of a train (out of a bus, out of a carriage, etc.) выходить из поезда и т. д., get out of bed! вставайте!; get out of here (out of this house)! прочь отсюда (из этого дома)!; get out of the way of a car посторониться и пропустить машину; get out of smb.'s way уйти с чьей-л. дороги; get through the hole in the wall (through the eye of a needle, through a gap, through a crack, etc.) пролезать через дыру в стене и т. д.; get over a fence (over a wall, over a stile, etc.) перелезать через забор и т. д.; get over /across/ a river переправляться через реку; get across tile street (across /over/ the bridge, across the frontier, etc.) перейти на другую сторону улицы и т. д.; he got above the clouds он поднялся над облаками; get under the hedge (under the wire netting, under the rope, etc.) пролезать под изгородью и т. д.; get under some old boxes (under some bushes, etc.) залезать /закатиться/ под старые ящики и т. д.; under the wheels (under а motor-саг, etc.) попасть под колеса и т. д.; the cat got under the bed (under the fence, etc.) кошка шмыгнула под кровать и т. д.; get at the top shelf (at the ripest fruit, at one's luggage, etc.) дотянуться /достать/ до верхней полки и т. д.; keep medicines where children can't get at them убирайте лекарства так, чтобы дети не смогли их достать; the dog could not get at me собака не могла меня достать; let me get at him coll. дайте мне только до него добраться; get down a tree (down a fence, etc.) слезать с дерева и т. д., get up a ladder (up a hill, up a tree, etc.) взбираться на лестницу и т. д.; get by the guard (by the policeman, etc.) проскользнуть мимо часового и т. д.; get before the crowd (before the procession, before the column of marchers, etc.) обогнать толпу и т. д.; get behind a tree (behind a door, behind a fence, etc.) встать /спрятаться/ за дерево и т. д.; the реп got behind the bookcase ручка закаталась /попала/ за книжный шкаф; get between the sheets залезть под одеяло; he got between the boys and prevented a fight он встал между мальчишками и не дал им сцепиться; get aboard a ship подняться на борт корабля
    2) get to (abreast of, beyond, as far аs, etc.) smth. get to the end of the chapter (to the main subject, to the theme of my story, to the heart of the matter, etc.) дойти /добраться/ до конца главы и т. д.: how far did you get to? до какого места ты дочитал?; get to the head of one's class выйти на первое место в классе; стать первым учеником в классе; get to the city police (to the authorities, etc.) связаться с городской полицией и т. д.; get to some time (to some age) достигать какого-л. времени (возраста); when it gets to 10 o'clock I begin to feel tired к десяти часам я начинаю чувствовать усталость: when you get to 70... когда вам [будет] семьдесят...; get between two fighting parties оказаться /очутиться/ между двумя враждующими /борющимися/ группами; his anger has got beyond control он вышел из себя, он уже не мог сдержать гнев; he doesn't let much get by him он почти ничего не пропускает; практически ничто мимо него не проходит; you cannot easily get at him с ним не так просто связаться /увидеться/; get abreast of modem technology достичь современного уровня техники; we got as far as the lake мы дошли или доехали до озера || get in touch with smb. связаться / установить контакт/ с кем-л.
    3) get within smth. get within smb.'s reach (within the range of their fire, etc.) оказаться в пределах чьей-л. досягаемости и т. д.; get within earshot оказаться в пределах слышимости; get within their sight оказаться в поле их зрения; get out of smth. get out of smb.'s sight скрыться с чьих-л. глаз; get out of smb.'s reach оказаться для них вне пределов досягаемости; get among smb. get among friends (among enemies, among strangers, etc.) оказаться среди друзей и т. д. || get into the hands of the police попасть в руки полиции
    4) get into smth. get into a coat (into one's clothes, into one's boots, etc.) надевать пальто и т. д., get into one's trousers натянуть брюки; I can't get into these shoes, they are three sizes too small я не могу надеть эти ботинки, мне надо на три номера больше
    5) get into smth. get into business (into trade, into the movies, into politics, etc.) заняться коммерцией и т. д.; get into fights with the neighbour's children драться /вступать в драку/ с соседскими мальчишками; get into Parliament (into a party, into a club, etc.) стать членом парламента и т. д.; get into office получить /занять/ должность; Kennedy got into office in 1961 Кеннеди стал президентом в тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят первом году; get into conversation (into a dispute with smb., into correspondence, into communication, etc.) завязать разговор и т.д.; they got into quite an argument about it между ними разгорелся довольно жаркий спор
    6) get in (to) smth. get into trouble (into a difficulty, into mischief, etc.) попасть в беду и т. д.; get into debt залезть в долги; get in a row (into a horrible scrape, etc.) оказаться замешанным /ввязаться/ в скандал и т. д.; get into a bad habit приобрести плохую /дурную/ привычку; get into the habit /into the way/ of getting up early (of doing things one's own way, of answering back, etc.) привыкнуть рано вставать и т. д., get into a rage впасть в ярость; get into a panic поддаться панике; get into general use получить широкое распространение; get out of smth. get out of practice потерять навык, [давно] не иметь практики; get out of repair требовать ремонта; get out of order выйти из строя, испортиться, сломаться; get out of shape потерять форму
    7) get over (out of, through,get etc.) smth. get over a difficulty ( over an obstacle, over an impediment, etc.) преодолеть затруднение и т. д.; she couldn't get over her shyness (over her embarrassment, over her confusion, over her dislike of him, over the disinclination to work, etc.) она не могла побороть / преодолеть/ свой застенчивость и т. д.; he couldn't get over his stutter он не мог избавиться от заикания; I can't get over his abominable manners никак не могу примириться с его ужасными манерами /привыкнуть к его ужасным манерам/; get over a disappointment (over an alarm, over a surprise, etc.) прийти в себя после разочарования и т. д.; I couldn't get over his behaviour он себя так плохо вел, что я никак не мог успокоиться; I couldn't get over the fear of him я никак не мог избавиться от чувства /преодолеть чувство/ страха перед ним; get over an illness (over an ailment, over that severe cold, over an injury, etc.) оправиться от /после/ болезна и т.д., get over /out of/ a bad habit отделаться / отучиться/ от дурной привычки; get out of a difficulty выйти из затруднительного положения; there is по getting out of it, you cannot get out of it от этого не открутишься; don't try to get out of your duties не пытайтесь уклоняться от своих обязанностей; get through another bad winter (through a dangerous illness, etc.) пережить еще одну тяжелую зиму и т. д.; I don't know how I'll get through this month я не знаю, как я дотяну до конца месяца; I don't know how I got through the day не знаю, как я прожил /выдержал/ этот день; get through an exam выдержать экзамен; get through written papers написать контрольную работу; get through a driving test сдать экзамен на водительские права; how he got through college is a mystery совершенно непонятно, как он смог окончить колледж; get (a)round smth. get around the law (around the regulations, around that clause, around a difficulty, etc.) обходить закон и т. д.; there is no getting (aground this fact a) нельзя не (посчитаться с этим фактом; б) нельзя пройти мимо этого факта; get (a)round smb. coll. she can get (aground anyone она может убедить /обвести вокруг пальца/ кого хочешь /кого угодно/; she knows how to get round him она знает, как к нему подъехать
    8) get through /over/ smth. get through a lot of reading (through a lot of work, etc.) много прочитать и т.д., get through her washing (through one's homework, through this book, etc.) закончить стирку и т. д.; how could he get through all these files? как он успел просмотреть все эти папки?; get through one's task with great speed быстро выполнить свой задачу; get through a lot of correspondence ( through these books, etc.) разделаться с большим количеством писем и т. д.; get through such a lot of food (through all this meat, through a bottle of gin a week, etc.) съесть /осилить/ много всякой всячины и т. д.; get through one's fortune (through a lot of money, through L 1000 in less than a week, etc.) растратить /растранжирить, промотать/ свое состояние и т. д.
    9) get at smth., smb. get at the truth (at the facts, at the root of the trouble, at the cause of the disturbance, at the heart of things, etc.) докапываться до правды и т. д.; get at the meaning of the sentence добраться до сути этого предложения; get at the secret of his success выяснить /понять/, в чем секрет его успеха; that's what I want to get at вот в чем мне хочется разобраться, вот что мне хочется постичь; what are you getting at? coll. a) чего вы хотите?, к чему вы клоните?; б) что вы имеете в виду?; we could not tell what the speaker was getting at мы не знали /не понимали/, что имел в виду /хотел сказать/ оратор; who are you getting at? кого вы имеете в виду?, на кого вы намекаете?; were you getting at me in that last remark you made? в своем последнем замечании вы намекали на меня? /вы имели в виду меня/?; he is always getting at me coll. он вечно ко мне цепляется /придирается/
    10) get at smb. get at a witness (at a judge, at the press, etc.) подкупать свидетеля и т. д.
    15. XVII
    1) get (in)to doing smth. coll. get into sleeping in the afternoon (to fighting, etc.) взять себе за привычку спать днем и т. д.; I got to thinking that... я стал думать, что...
    2) get out of doing smth. get out of attending smth. (out of going there, out of answering, etc.) отвертеться и не пойти на какое-л. мероприятие и т. д.; get as far as doing smth. we did not get as far as discussing finances мы не дошли до обсуждения финансовых вопросов
    16. XXI1
    1) get smth. from (at, out of, etc.) smth., smb. get machinery from Europe (many commodities from abroad, etc.) получать оборудование из Европы и т. д., закупать /покупать, приобретать/ оборудование в Европе и т.д., get our things at this shop покупать /приобретать/ вещи в этом магазине; get information from the library (money from the bank, help from him, etc.) получать, сведения из библиотеки и т. д., get dinner (lunch, etc.) at the hotel (at the restaurant, at the inn, etc.) (пообедать и т. д. в гостинице и т. д.; I got this information (the news, facts. etc.) from a friend of mine (from my secretary, etc.) мне это и т. д. сообщил один приятель и т. д., я получил эти сведения и т. д. от одного приятеля и т. д.; get butter from cream получать масло из сливок; get a confession out of the prisoner ( a secret out of the woman, the truth out of the man, etc.) вытянуть / вырвать/ у заключенного признание и т. д.; get smth. for smth. get data for analysis (information for the article, new curtains for the guest-room, etc.) доставать /добывать/ данные для анализа и т. д., get material for research собирать материал для исследования: can I still get a ticket for tonight's play? можно еще достать /купить, получить/ билет на сегодняшний спектакль?; get smth. for smb. get tickets (another dictionary, this book, etc.) for him купить или заказать ему билеты и т. д.; get smth. by smth. get good results by hard work усердием /большим трудом/ добиться хороших результатов; get very little by deceit немногого добиться обманом || get hold of the manager (of the secretary, of the owner, etc.) разыскать /найти/ администратора и т. д., where did you get hold of this curious old picture? где вы раздобыли эту любопытную старую картину?; he got the start of his rivals он получил преимущество перед своими соперниками
    2) get smth. from smb. get presents from his brother (a letter from one's parents, a message from him, etc.) получать подарки от брата и т. д.; get no help (no money, no advice, etc.) from him не получать от него помощи и т. д.; you will never get anything from him от него ничего не дождешься; get his timidity from his mother унаследовать робость от матери; get smth. for smth. get a good salary for the job (a reward for his part in the affair, a medal for bravery. etc.) получать хорошую зарплату за эту работу и т. д.; what did you get for this article? сколько вам заплатили за эту статью?; get a good price for the land получить хорошую цену за землю; I will see what I can get for it посмотри, сколько я могу за это получить /выручить, взять/; get a new watch (a ring, a new hat, etc.) for one's birthday получить новые часы и т. д. [в подарок] на день рождения; get smth. out of smth. what did you get out of his lecture? что вы вынесли из его лекции?, что вам дала его лекция?; all he got out of it was disgrace это принесло ему только позор; get smth. of smb., smth. what impression did you get of him (of this play, etc.)? .какое он и т. д. на вас произвел впечатление?
    3) get smth., smb. across (from, to, etc.) smth. get smth. across the river (across the sea, across the frontier, etc.) переправить что-л. через реку и т. д.; get smb. across the street (across the bridge, across the field, etc) перевести кого-л. через улицу и т. д.; get one's hat from the other room (the books from the study, the tea-things from the kitchen, etc.) принести шляпу из другой комнаты и т. д., get down a book from the top shelf (the boy from the fence, my hat from the book, etc.) снимать книгу с верхней полки и т. д.; get a letter to London (to Paris, etc.) доставить письмо в Лондон и т. д., get the child to bed уложить ребенка в постель; get the trunk back to the garret отнести сундук обратно на чердак; get the parcel back to London снова доставить пакет в Лондон; get your TV back for this evening (for the party, etc.) принесите снова ваш телевизор на этот вечер и т. д.; the car did not get him very far on the road home он проехал на машине лишь небольшую часть дороги домой; that did not get him very far on the road to fame это весьма незначительно способствовало его продвижению по пути славы; get smth., smb. to smb., smth. how can I get these things to you? как мне переправить вам эти вещи?; get the slaves to the north переправить рабов на север
    4) get smth., smb. into (through, from, out of, etc.) smth. I can't get the key into the lock я не могу вставить ключ в замок; help me get the pig into the cart помогите мне втащить поросенка в телегу: how can I get all these books into the bag? как мне запихнуть /засунуть, впихнуть/ все эти книги в портфель?; get the piano through the door протащить пианино в дверь; get the milk from the refrigerator for me достаньте мне молока из холодильника; get smth. out of the house выносить что-л. из дома; get a cork out of a bottle вытаскивать пробку из бутылки; get stains out of a coat выводить пятна с пиджака: get these things out of the way уберите эти вещи с дороги [, чтобы они не мешали]; get the man out of the house (the dog out of the room, etc.) выводить человека из дома и т. д.: get her out of the country помочь ей уехать или вывезти ее из страны /за границу/ || get smth. into one's head вбить себе что-л. в голову: he got it into his head that everybody was persecuting him он вбил себе в голову, что его все преследуют; get smth. out of one's head выбросить что-л. из головы; get the idea (the thing, it, the notion, etc.) out of one's head выбросить эту мысль и т. д. из головы, перестать об этом думать
    5) get smb., smth. into (through) smth. get him into Parliament (into their headquarters, etc.) провести /протащить/ его в парламент и т. д.; get smb. into the firm пристроить кого-л. в эту фирму; get a bill through Parliament (this measure through the house, etc.) провести /протащить/ законопроект в парламенте и т. д., he helped me to get my luggage through the customs он помог мне пройти таможенный досмотр; get a pupil through his examination вытащить ученика на экзамене; it was his mathematics that got him through entrance examinations он выдержал приемные экзамены благодаря тому, что хорошо знал математику; get an article into a paper поместить статьи в газете; get the report into print сдать доклад в печать
    6) get smb. by smth. get smb. by the hand (by the hair, by the throat, by the wrist. etc.) схватить кого-л. за руку и т. д.: get smth., smb. on (by) smth. I get all program (me)s on my TV-set мой телевизор принимает все программы; how many stations can you get on your radio set? сколько станций берет /принимает/ ваш приемник?; I can't get him on the phone я не могу связаться с ним по телефону; get smb. by phone (by radio, etc.) связаться с кем-л. по телефону и т. д.
    7) get smb. in (on, through, etc.) smth. the bullet got him in the leg (through the stomach, in the shoulder, etc.) пуля попала ему в ногу и т. д.; the blow got him on the head (in the mouth, on the back, etc.) удар пришелся ему по голове и т. д., get smth. in smth. get a splinter in one's finger занозить палец; get a bullet in the leg получить пулевое ранение в ногу
    8) get smb. into smth. get smb. into debt (into difficulties, into a fight, etc.) вовлекать кого-л. в долги и т. д., she got me into trouble у меня из-за нее /она втравила меня в/ неприятности; get smb. out of smth. get smb. out of a fix /out of difficulty/ вызволить кого-л. из затруднения; get the children out of this habit отучать детей от этой привычки || get smth., smb. off one's hands избавиться от чего-л., кого-л., сбыть что-л., кого-л. с рук; she wished she could get the old house (the useless books, her unmarried daughter, etc.) off her hands ей хотелись избавиться /освободиться/ от старого дома и т. д. /сбыть старый дом и т. д. с рук/
    9) get smth. of smth. get 5 years of hard labour получить пять лет каторжных работ; get smth. for smth. he got a stiff sentence for his crimes за совершенные преступления ему был вынесен суровый приговор
    10) have got smth., smb. in (at, on, etc.) smth. I have /I've/ got money in the bank (a flat in this house, a friend at the studio, etc.) у меня в банке [лежат] деньги и т. д. || he's got smth., smb. on the brain он все время о чем-л., о ком-л. думает
    17. XXII
    get smth. by doing smth. that's what you get by talking too much вот что ты получаешь /вот как ты расплачиваешься/ за болтливость; get a good price by bargaining поторговаться и получить хорошую цену; get smth. for doing smth. you'll get a beating for doing this тебе за это всыпят; you'll get it for breaking that vase! тебе крепко достанется за то, что ты разбил вазу!
    18. XXIV1
    get smth., smb. as smth. get L 10 as reward (a book as a consolation prize, the newcomer as assistant, etc.) получить десять фунтов в качестве вознаграждения и т. д.; I got this book as a present я получил эту книгу в подарок; we get L 20 as the average мы получаем в среднем двадцать фунтов
    19. XXVI
    get smb., smth. before... (when..., etc.) get him before he escapes схватить его до того, как он скроется; get the book when the price is reduced купить книгу, когда ее уценят

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > get

  • 10 helter-skelter

    ['heltə'skeltə]
    (in great hurry and confusion.) over hals og hoved; i vild forvirring
    * * *
    ['heltə'skeltə]
    (in great hurry and confusion.) over hals og hoved; i vild forvirring

    English-Danish dictionary > helter-skelter

  • 11 de manera informal

    = playfully, casually
    Ex. The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.
    Ex. He glanced casually at the ill-balanced frontages of the buildings ahead that stretched on and on until they melded in an indistinguishable mass of gray at Laurence Street.
    * * *
    = playfully, casually

    Ex: The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.

    Ex: He glanced casually at the ill-balanced frontages of the buildings ahead that stretched on and on until they melded in an indistinguishable mass of gray at Laurence Street.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de manera informal

  • 12 de un modo desenfadado

    = playfully, lightheartedly
    Ex. The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.
    Ex. Publishers claim the book is based on valid sources and portrays blacks positively but lightheartedly.
    * * *
    = playfully, lightheartedly

    Ex: The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.

    Ex: Publishers claim the book is based on valid sources and portrays blacks positively but lightheartedly.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de un modo desenfadado

  • 13 en serio

    seriously
    ■ lo digo en serio I'm quite serious, I mean it
    * * *
    = in earnest, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], for real
    Ex. The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.
    Ex. I agree whole-heartedly that the subject approach is used chiefly by the beginner, whether it is a historical researcher or a high school student who is looking for term paper material.
    Ex. As many people now know, text messages roaming around the grapevine such as 'the lady finally met her match' is for real.
    * * *
    = in earnest, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], for real

    Ex: The historical confusion over mission has usually revolved around these terms -- sometimes playfully, but often in earnest.

    Ex: I agree whole-heartedly that the subject approach is used chiefly by the beginner, whether it is a historical researcher or a high school student who is looking for term paper material.
    Ex: As many people now know, text messages roaming around the grapevine such as 'the lady finally met her match' is for real.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en serio

  • 14 certain

    certain ['sɜ:tən]
    (a) (sure) certain, sûr;
    ∎ to be certain of sth être sûr de qch;
    ∎ I'm certain of it! j'en suis sûr!;
    ∎ she was quite certain about what she had seen elle était tout à fait sûre de ce qu'elle avait vu;
    ∎ he was certain (that) she was there il était certain qu'elle était là;
    ∎ it's certain that she will get the job il est sûr qu'elle aura le poste;
    ∎ it's still not certain that he's going to England il n'est pas encore certain ou sûr qu'il aille en Angleterre;
    ∎ there is certain to be some opposition to the bill il est sûr que la loi rencontrera une opposition;
    ∎ to be certain to do sth être sûr de faire qch;
    ∎ he's certain to win il est sûr qu'il va gagner;
    ∎ he's certain to come il ne manquera pas de venir, il viendra sûrement;
    ∎ I'd better make certain je ferais mieux de m'en assurer;
    ∎ to make certain of sth (check) vérifier qch, s'assurer de qch; (be sure to have) s'assurer qch;
    ∎ you ought to make certain of the time vous devriez vérifier l'heure;
    ∎ he made certain that all the doors were locked il a vérifié que toutes les portes étaient fermées;
    ∎ I made certain of a good seat je me suis assuré une bonne place
    (b) (inevitable → death, failure) certain, inévitable;
    ∎ the soldiers faced certain death les soldats allaient à une mort certaine;
    ∎ they face certain dismissal ils seront renvoyés à coup sûr
    (c) (definite, infallible → cure) sûr, infaillible
    ∎ on a certain day in June un certain jour de juin;
    ∎ in certain places à certains endroits;
    ∎ he has a certain something about him il a un certain je ne sais quoi;
    ∎ she has a certain charm elle a un certain charme;
    ∎ women of a certain age les femmes d'un certain âge;
    ∎ if I were to ask you to meet me at a certain time and in a certain place… si je te demandais de me retrouver à telle heure, à tel endroit…
    ∎ a certain Mr Roberts un certain M. Roberts
    (c) (some) certain;
    ∎ there's been a certain amount of confusion over this il y a eu une certaine confusion à ce sujet;
    ∎ to a certain extent or degree dans une certaine mesure;
    ∎ certain people certaines personnes
    certains (certaines) mpl, fpl;
    ∎ certain of his colleagues certains ou quelques-uns de ses collègues;
    ∎ certain of the pages certaines pages
    ∎ I don't know for certain je n'en suis pas certain;
    ∎ I can't say for certain je ne peux pas l'affirmer;
    ∎ you'll have it tomorrow for certain vous l'aurez demain sans faute;
    ∎ that's for certain! c'est sûr et certain!, cela ne fait pas de doute!

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > certain

  • 15 путаница в вопросе

    Путаница в вопросе-- There has also been confusion over the frequency-dependence of human reaction.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > путаница в вопросе

  • 16 бъркотия

    confusion (и воен.), jumble, jumbled state (of things); topsy-turvydom; muddle, tangle, tumble; pell-mell; chaos
    (безредици) turmoil, uproar, разг. rumpus
    (от идеи, учения, пол. течения и пр.) welter
    разг. mix-up, mess. maze
    прен. patchwork
    с билетите стана една бъркотия there's been a bit of a mix-up over the booking of the seats/over the tickets
    * * *
    бъркотѝя,
    ж., само ед. и бъркотѝи само мн. confusion (и воен.), jumble, jumbled state (of things); disarrangement, disarray; topsy-turvydom; muddle, tangle, tumble; mingle-mangle; pell-mell; chaos; hotch-potch; gallimaufry; амер. hodge-podge; разг. dog’s dinner/breakfast; само мн. ( безредици) turmoil, uproar, разг. rumpus; (от идеи, учения, полит. течения и пр.) welter; разг. mix-up, mess, maze, mayhem; foul-up; прен. patchwork; в движението настъпи невероятна \бъркотияя the traffic got into a complete tangle.
    * * *
    си направил!
    * * *
    1. (безредици) turmoil, uproar, разг. rumpus 2. (от идеи, учения, пол. течения и пр.) welter 3. confusion (и воен.), jumble, jumbled state (of things);topsy-turvydom;muddle, tangle, tumble;pell-mell;chaos 4. в движението настъпи невероятна БЪРКОТИЯ the traffic got into a complete tangle 5. прен. patchwork 6. разг. mix-up, mess. maze 7. с билетите стана една БЪРКОТИЯ there's been a bit of a mix-up over the booking of the seats/over the tickets

    Български-английски речник > бъркотия

  • 17 Durcheinander

    Adv.
    1. (in Unordnung) in a mess, mixed up; alles durcheinander essen eat everything as it comes; aufgeregt durcheinander laufen run around excitedly all over the place; durcheinander reden all talk at the same time; der Wind wirbelt die Blätter durcheinander the wind blew the leaves all over the place; mein ganzer Zeitplan ist ( mir) durcheinander geraten oder gekommen my schedule is all over the place now; in seiner Wohnung (f) liegt alles durcheinander umg. his flat (Am. apartment)’s a complete mess ( oder tip, Am. dump); sie hat alle meine Sachen oder mir alles durcheinander gebracht oder geworfen she got me all in a muddle
    2. (verwirrt) confused; emotional: mixed up; sie ist noch ganz durcheinander she’s still all over the place; durcheinander bringen (verwirren) get s.o. all flustered; (verwechseln) mix up, mistake s.o. for s.o. else
    * * *
    das Durcheinander
    mess; muddle; commotion; muss; confusion; upset; fracas; jumble; tumult; turmoil; promiscuity; hotchpotch; medley
    * * *
    Durch|ei|nạn|der [dUrç|ai'nandɐ, 'dʊrç|ainandɐ]
    nt -s, no pl
    (= Unordnung) mess, muddle; (= Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    1) (very worried and upset.) distraught
    2) (a state of confusion: These papers keep getting in a muddle.) muddle
    3) (a state of disorder or confusion; an untidy, dirty or unpleasant sight or muddle: This room is in a terrible mess!; She looked a mess; The spilt food made a mess on the carpet.) mess
    4) (a muddle or state of confusion: There has been a mess-up in the timetable.) mess-up
    5) (a confused situation etc: a mix-up over the concert tickets.) mix-up
    6) (quickly and in disorder or great confusion: The children rushed in pell-mell.) pell-mell
    * * *
    Durch·ei·nan·der
    <-s>
    [dʊrçʔaiˈnandɐ]
    1. (Unordnung) mess, BRIT esp muddle
    2. (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    1) muddle; mess
    2) (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    Durcheinander n; -s, kein pl mess, muddle; (Wirrwarr) confusion; stärker: chaos; laut: pandemonium
    * * *
    1) muddle; mess
    2) (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    n.
    chaos n.
    confusion n.
    hodgepodge n.
    huddle n.
    jumble n.
    tangle n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Durcheinander

  • 18 durcheinander

    Adv.
    1. (in Unordnung) in a mess, mixed up; alles durcheinander essen eat everything as it comes; aufgeregt durcheinander laufen run around excitedly all over the place; durcheinander reden all talk at the same time; der Wind wirbelt die Blätter durcheinander the wind blew the leaves all over the place; mein ganzer Zeitplan ist ( mir) durcheinander geraten oder gekommen my schedule is all over the place now; in seiner Wohnung (f) liegt alles durcheinander umg. his flat (Am. apartment)’s a complete mess ( oder tip, Am. dump); sie hat alle meine Sachen oder mir alles durcheinander gebracht oder geworfen she got me all in a muddle
    2. (verwirrt) confused; emotional: mixed up; sie ist noch ganz durcheinander she’s still all over the place; durcheinander bringen (verwirren) get s.o. all flustered; (verwechseln) mix up, mistake s.o. for s.o. else
    * * *
    das Durcheinander
    mess; muddle; commotion; muss; confusion; upset; fracas; jumble; tumult; turmoil; promiscuity; hotchpotch; medley
    * * *
    Durch|ei|nạn|der [dUrç|ai'nandɐ, 'dʊrç|ainandɐ]
    nt -s, no pl
    (= Unordnung) mess, muddle; (= Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    1) (very worried and upset.) distraught
    2) (a state of confusion: These papers keep getting in a muddle.) muddle
    3) (a state of disorder or confusion; an untidy, dirty or unpleasant sight or muddle: This room is in a terrible mess!; She looked a mess; The spilt food made a mess on the carpet.) mess
    4) (a muddle or state of confusion: There has been a mess-up in the timetable.) mess-up
    5) (a confused situation etc: a mix-up over the concert tickets.) mix-up
    6) (quickly and in disorder or great confusion: The children rushed in pell-mell.) pell-mell
    * * *
    Durch·ei·nan·der
    <-s>
    [dʊrçʔaiˈnandɐ]
    1. (Unordnung) mess, BRIT esp muddle
    2. (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    1) muddle; mess
    2) (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    1. (in Unordnung) in a mess, mixed up
    2. (verwirrt) confused; emotional: mixed up;
    * * *
    1) muddle; mess
    2) (Wirrwarr) confusion
    * * *
    n.
    chaos n.
    confusion n.
    hodgepodge n.
    huddle n.
    jumble n.
    tangle n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > durcheinander

  • 19 llevar

    v.
    1 to take.
    llevar algo/a alguien a to take something/somebody to
    me llevó en coche he drove me there
    El bus llevó a María The bus got Mary there.
    2 to carry.
    llevaban en hombros al entrenador they were carrying the coach on their shoulders
    El bus lleva mercadería para vender The bus carries goods for selling.
    Esa frase lleva mala intención That phrase carries bad intention.
    3 to wear.
    llevo gafas I wear glasses
    no llevo dinero I haven't got any money on me
    4 to have.
    llevar el pelo largo to have long hair
    llevas las manos sucias your hands are dirty
    5 to handle, to deal with.
    lleva la contabilidad she keeps the books
    6 to keep.
    llevar el paso to keep in step
    7 to deal or cope with.
    llevar algo bien/mal to deal o cope with something well/badly
    ¿cómo lo llevas? (informal) how are you getting on?
    8 to be wearing, to have, to wear.
    LLeva un buen traje He is wearing a nice suit.
    9 to lead, to live.
    Lleva un vida muy triste He leads a very sad life.
    10 to convey.
    Su gesto lleva amor His gesture conveys love.
    11 to take up.
    Ella llevó ciencias el año pasado She took up Science last year.
    12 to have been.
    Llevo viviendo mucho tiempo aquí I have been living a long time here.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to take
    ■ te llevo en coche I'll take you in the car, I'll give you a lift
    2 (tener) to have; (tener encima) to have, carry
    ■ ¿qué llevas ahí? what's that you've got there?
    ■ ¿cuánto dinero llevas? how much money have you got on you?
    3 (prenda) to wear, have on
    4 (aguantar) to cope with
    ■ ¿cómo lleva lo de quedarse sin trabajo? how's he coping with losing his job?
    5 (dirigir) to be in charge of
    ■ ¿quién lleva el tema de los pedidos? who's in charge of orders?
    6 (conducir - coche) to drive; (moto) - to ride
    8 (libros, cuentas) to keep
    9 (años) to be older
    10 (vida) to lead
    11 (tiempo, esfuerzo) to take
    12 (compás, paso, ritmo) to keep
    ■ contigo no bailo, no sabes llevar el paso I'm not dancing with you, you can't keep in step
    13 familiar (cobrar) to charge
    ■ ¿cuánto te llevaron por la reparación? how much did they charge you for the repairs?
    1 llevar a (conducir) to take, lead
    ■ y esto, ¿adónde nos lleva? and where will this lead us?
    2 llevar a + inf (inducir) to lead to, make
    ■ esto me lleva a pensar que... this leads me to think that...
    ■ ¿qué lo llevó a actuar así? what made him act like that?
    3 llevar + participio to have
    1 (obtener) to get; (ganar) to win
    2 (recibir) to get
    3 (estar de moda) to be fashionable
    4 (entenderse) to get on ( con, with), get along ( con, with)
    5 MATEMÁTICAS to carry over
    \
    dejarse llevar por... to be influenced by..., get carried away with...
    llevar a la práctica to put into practice
    llevar adelante to carry out
    llevar la cuenta de to keep track of
    llevar las de + inf to be likely to + inf
    llevarse a matar to be at daggers drawn
    llevarse por delante (gen) to carry away, sweep away 2 (viento) to blow away 3 (coche) to run over
    * * *
    verb
    2) take, take away
    3) wear
    4) endure, bear
    •
    - llevarse
    * * *
    Para las expresiones llevar adelante, llevar la contraria, llevar las de perder, llevar a la práctica, llevar a término, llevar ventaja, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=transportar) [con los brazos] to carry; [indicando el punto de destino] to take; [en vehículo] to transport

    "comida para llevar" — "food to take away", "take-away food"

    ¿es para llevar? — is it to take away?

    2) (=llevar puesto) to wear

    ¿hay que llevar corbata a la reunión? — do we have to wear a tie to the meeting?

    llevaba puesto un sombrero muy raro — she had a very odd hat on, she was wearing a very odd hat

    3) (=llevar encima)

    ¡la que llevaba encima aquella noche! — * he was really smashed that night! *

    4) (=tener)
    a) [+ barba, pelo] to have
    b) [+ adorno, ingrediente] to have

    lleva un rótulo que dice... — it has a label (on it) which says...

    ¿qué lleva el pollo que está tan bueno? — what's in this chicken that makes it taste so good?

    c) [+ armas, nombre, título] to have, bear frm

    el libro lleva el título de... — the book has the title of..., the book is entitled...

    5) [+ persona]
    a) (=acompañar, conducir) to take

    ¿adónde me llevan? — where are you taking me?

    a ver ¿cuándo me llevas a cenar? — when are you going to take me out for a meal?

    b) [en coche] to drive

    Sofía nos llevó a casa — Sofía gave us a lift home, Sofía drove us home

    yo voy en esa dirección, ¿quieres que te lleve? — I'm going that way, do you want a lift?

    6) (=conducir)
    a) [+ vehículo] to drive
    b) [+ persona, entidad]

    llevó a su empresa a la bancarrota — he caused his company to go bankrupt, he bankrupted his company

    • [dejarse] llevar — to get carried away

    no te dejes llevar por las apariencias — don't be taken in {o} deceived by appearances

    si te dejas llevar por él, acabarás mal — if you fall in with him, you'll be in trouble

    7) (=dirigir) [+ negocio, tienda] to run

    • llevar la [casa] — to run the household

    • ¿quién lleva la [cuenta]? — who is keeping count?

    llevar las cuentas {o} los libros — (Com) to keep the books

    • llevar una [materia] — Méx to study a subject

    compás 1)
    8) (=aportar) to bring
    9) (=adelantar en)
    10) (=inducir)

    llevar a algn a creer que... — to lead sb to think that..., make sb think that...

    esto me lleva a pensar que... — this leads me to think that...

    11) (=tolerar)

    ¿cómo lleva lo de su hijo? — how's she coping with what happened to her son?

    12) [indicando tiempo]
    a) (=haber estado) to be

    ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí? — how long have you been here?

    b) (=tardar) to take
    13) (=cobrar) to charge

    no quería llevarme nada — he didn't want to charge me, he didn't want to take any money

    14) (=ir por)

    ¿qué dirección llevaba? — what direction was he going in?, which way was he going?

    • lleva [camino] de ser como su padre — it looks like he's going to turn out just like his father

    15) [+ vida] to lead

    llevar una vida tranquila — to live {o} lead a quiet life

    16) + participio
    17) (=producir) (Com, Econ) to bear; (Agr) to bear, produce

    los bonos llevan un 8% de interés — the bonds pay {o} bear interest at 8%

    no lleva fruto este año — it has no fruit this year, it hasn't produced any fruit this year

    2.
    VERBO INTRANSITIVO [carretera] to go, lead

    esta carretera lleva a La Paz — this road goes {o} leads to La Paz

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( de un lugar a otro) to take

    ¿qué llevas en el bolso? — what have you got in your bag?

    comida para llevar — take out (AmE) o (BrE) takeaway meals

    b) ( transportar) to carry
    c) < persona> to take
    d) ( tener consigo) to have
    2)
    a) (guiar, conducir) to take

    nos llevaron por un sendero — they led o took us along a path

    la llevaba de la mano — I/he was holding her hand

    b) (impulsar, inducir) to lead

    esto me lleva a pensar que... — this leads me to believe that...

    ¿qué la llevó a hacerlo? — what made her do it?

    3) <ropa/perfume/reloj> to wear
    4) ( tener) to have

    una canción que lleva por título `Rencor' — a song entitled `Rencor'

    5) ( tener a su cargo) <negocio/tienda> to run; < caso> to handle
    6)
    a) ( conducir) < vehículo> to drive; < moto> to ride
    b) < pareja> ( al bailar)

    no sé bailar - no importa, yo te llevo — I can't dance - it doesn't matter, I'll lead

    7) < vida> to lead

    llevar una vida tranquila/muy ajetreada — to lead a quiet/very hectic life; (+ compl)

    ¿cómo lleva lo del divorcio? - lo lleva muy mal — how is she coping with the divorce? - she's taking it very badly

    8) (seguir, mantener)

    llevar el ritmo or el compás — to keep time

    ¿llevas la cuenta de lo que te debo? — are you keeping track of what I owe you?

    ¿qué dirección llevaban? — which direction were they going in?

    9)
    a) ( requerir) to take

    lleva tiempo hacerlo bien — it takes time to do it well; (+ me/te/le etc)

    b) (tener como ingrediente, componente)

    ¿qué lleva esta sopa? — what's in this soup?

    10) (aventajar, exceder en) (+ me/te/le etc)
    11) (Esp) ( cobrar) to charge
    2.
    llevar v aux

    llevar las de ganar/de perder — to be likely to win/lose

    3.
    llevar vi
    a) camino/carretera to go, lead
    b) ( al bailar) to lead
    4.
    llevarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( a otro lugar) to take

    ¿quién se llevó mi paraguas? — who took my umbrella?

    b) <premio/dinero> to win
    c) (quedarse con, comprar) to take

    ¿cuántos se quiere llevar? — how many would you like?

    d) (Mat) to carry

    9 y 9 son 18, me llevo una — 9 plus 9 is 18, carry one

    e) (Arg) < asignatura> to carry over
    2) ( dirigir)
    3) <susto/regañina> to get
    4)
    * * *
    = bear, bring, carry, lead, lug off, steer, engage, escort, lead + Pronombre + down the road to, take along, tote.
    Ex. Examples of homographs are: bear (to carry, or an animal) and score (music, football or to cut).
    Ex. Subject experts may bring a more informed and critical eye to document analysis.
    Ex. Cable TV systems have now been introduced in the United States that have the technical ability to carry two-way signals.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex. They decided that they had to set up information and referral services to steer people to the correct agency.
    Ex. And literature is part of that essential human behavior; it engages us in pre-enactments and re-enactments.
    Ex. Their work included escorting clients to other agencies.
    Ex. The catalog's deterioration is leading us down the road to lesser quality library service.
    Ex. When you're crunched for time, take along snacks that pack a wallop, nutritionally speaking.
    Ex. These bags are the best way to tote around your books, groceries, beach stuff, or even your puppy.
    ----
    * agua + llevar = wash away.
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * comida para llevar = takeaway meal, take-out meal, take-out.
    * correr como alma que lleva el diablo = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * cuando el río suena, agua lleva = there's no smoke without fire, where there's smoke there's fire.
    * dejarse llevar = become + carried away by, drift along, drift, coast along, go with + the flow, let + go, go along with + the flow.
    * dejarse llevar fácilmente = be easily led.
    * dejarse llevar (por) = fall + victim to, give + way (to).
    * dejarse llevar por el instinto = fly by + the seat of + Posesivo + pants.
    * dejarse llevar por el pánico = panic.
    * dejarse llevar por la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * el llevar = carrying.
    * el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * encargado de llevar a cabo = implementor [implementer].
    * encargado de llevar el marcador = scorer.
    * flor para llevar en el ojal = boutonniere.
    * la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.
    * la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * llevando sobrepelliz = surpliced.
    * llevar a = lead on to, lead up to, result (in), take + Nombre + back to, usher into.
    * llevar a Algo a una nueva dimensión = take + Nombre + into a new dimension.
    * llevar a Alguien a juicio = bring + lawsuit against + Alguien, take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.
    * llevar a Alguien al límite = push + Alguien + over the edge, drive + Alguien + over the edge.
    * llevar a buen término = bring to + a close.
    * llevar a cabo = accomplish, carry out, conduct, execute, go about, implement, proceed, effect, realise [realize, -USA], transact, carry through, press forward (with).
    * llevar a cabo actividades = conduct + business.
    * llevar a cabo una acción = effect + execution.
    * llevar a cabo una actividad = conduct + activity.
    * llevar a cabo una actuación común = make + a concerted effort.
    * llevar a cabo una iniciativa = take + initiative.
    * llevar a cabo una misión = accomplish + mission.
    * llevar a cabo una orden = execute + command.
    * llevar a cabo una redada = swoop.
    * llevar a cabo una serie de pasos anteriormente realizados = execute + steps.
    * llevar a cabo un atraco = pull off + heist.
    * llevar a cabo un proyecto = carry out + project, undertake + project, develop + project.
    * llevar a cabo un robo = execute + theft, pull off + heist.
    * llevar a casa = bring + home.
    * llevar a conclusiones erróneas = mislead.
    * llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.
    * llevar a cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights, take + Nombre + to greater heights.
    * llevar adelante = go ahead with, carry on, carry out.
    * llevar a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.
    * llevar a + Estado Emocional = send into + Estado Emocional.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * llevar a hombros = carry + Nombre + shoulder-high.
    * llevar a juicio = prosecute, sue, file + suit against, bring + a suit against, litigate, bring + criminal charges against, file + lawsuit against, take + Nombre + to court, bring + Nombre + to justice, put on + trial, try.
    * llevar a la bancarrota = bankrupt.
    * llevar a la conclusión = lead to + the conclusion.
    * llevar a la ficción = fictionalise [fictionalize, -USA].
    * llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.
    * llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.
    * llevar a la quiebra = bankrupt.
    * llevar Algo/Alguien a = usher + Nombre + into.
    * llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.
    * llevar Algo demasiado lejos = push + Nombre + too far.
    * llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al hospital de bulla y corriendo = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al hospital urgentemente = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al juzgado = take + Nombre + to court.
    * llevar al límite = stretch.
    * llevar a los tribunales = take + Nombre + to court.
    * llevar al poder = bring + Nombre + to power.
    * llevar aquí + Expresión Temporal = have been around + Expresión Temporal.
    * llevar a remolque = take in + tow.
    * llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.
    * llevar aún más lejos = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further.
    * llevar camino de enfrentamiento con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevar consigo = carry around.
    * llevar el compás = beat + time.
    * llevar el mando = rule + the roost.
    * llevar el peso = undertake + burden.
    * llevar el sello de = bear + the imprint of, bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar el sello distintivo de = bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar en autobús = bus.
    * llevar en camión = truck.
    * llevar en volandas = carry + Nombre + shoulder-high.
    * llevar + Expresión Temporal = take + Expresión Temporal.
    * llevar la antorcha = carry + the torch.
    * llevar la batuta = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * llevar la contraria = antagonise [antagonize, -USA].
    * llevar la cuenta = tally.
    * llevar la cuenta de = keep + track of.
    * llevar la delantera = ahead of the game.
    * llevar la impronta de = bear + the imprint of, bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la marca de = bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the imprint of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la marca distintiva de = bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la montaña a Mahoma = bring + the mountain to Mohammed.
    * llevar la responsabilidad de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * llevar la voz cantante = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * llevarle la corriente a Alguien = play along with.
    * llevarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.
    * llevar + Nombre + aún más lejos = take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther.
    * llevar por el aire = waft.
    * llevar por el camino de = lead + Pronombre + down the road to.
    * llevar por el mal camino = lead + astray.
    * llevar por mal camino = mislead.
    * llevar (puesto) = wear.
    * llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.
    * llevar razón = be right, be in the right.
    * llevar ropa puesta = wear + clothing.
    * llevar rumbo de colisión con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevarse = take, take away, cream off, haul away, cart, make off with, take + Nombre + away, be in, get away with.
    * llevarse a las mil maravillas con + Nombre = get on with + Nombre + swimmingly.
    * llevarse a las mis maravillas = get along/on + like a house on fire.
    * llevarse bien = get along, on good terms, hit it off.
    * llevarse bien con Alguien = get on with + Pronombre Personal.
    * llevarse el gato al agua = steal + the show, steal + the limelight, the nod + go to.
    * llevarse el mérito = take + the credit (for).
    * llevarse la fama = take + the credit (for).
    * llevarse la palma = sweep + the board, steal + the limelight, steal + the show, take + the biscuit, take + the cake, come out on + top.
    * llevárselo el viento = blow away.
    * llevarse los problemas a casa = bring + problems home.
    * llevarse una desilusión = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.
    * llevarse un chasco = be gutted, feel + gutted, be disappointed.
    * llevarse un palo = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * llevar sobre la espalda = carry on + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * llevar sobre los hombros = carry on + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * llevar tiempo = take + time, take + a while, take + long, absorb + time.
    * llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * llevar una cruz = suffer from + curse.
    * llevar una eternidad = take + ages (and ages).
    * llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.
    * llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.
    * llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.
    * llevar un diario de trabajo = keep + diary.
    * llevar un minuto = take + minute.
    * llevar un negocio = conduct + a business.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no llevar a ningún fin, ser un pérdida de tiempo = flog + a dead horse.
    * no llevar a ningún sitio = go + nowhere.
    * pasar llevando = take through.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * viajar llevando un mochila = backpacking.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( de un lugar a otro) to take

    ¿qué llevas en el bolso? — what have you got in your bag?

    comida para llevar — take out (AmE) o (BrE) takeaway meals

    b) ( transportar) to carry
    c) < persona> to take
    d) ( tener consigo) to have
    2)
    a) (guiar, conducir) to take

    nos llevaron por un sendero — they led o took us along a path

    la llevaba de la mano — I/he was holding her hand

    b) (impulsar, inducir) to lead

    esto me lleva a pensar que... — this leads me to believe that...

    ¿qué la llevó a hacerlo? — what made her do it?

    3) <ropa/perfume/reloj> to wear
    4) ( tener) to have

    una canción que lleva por título `Rencor' — a song entitled `Rencor'

    5) ( tener a su cargo) <negocio/tienda> to run; < caso> to handle
    6)
    a) ( conducir) < vehículo> to drive; < moto> to ride
    b) < pareja> ( al bailar)

    no sé bailar - no importa, yo te llevo — I can't dance - it doesn't matter, I'll lead

    7) < vida> to lead

    llevar una vida tranquila/muy ajetreada — to lead a quiet/very hectic life; (+ compl)

    ¿cómo lleva lo del divorcio? - lo lleva muy mal — how is she coping with the divorce? - she's taking it very badly

    8) (seguir, mantener)

    llevar el ritmo or el compás — to keep time

    ¿llevas la cuenta de lo que te debo? — are you keeping track of what I owe you?

    ¿qué dirección llevaban? — which direction were they going in?

    9)
    a) ( requerir) to take

    lleva tiempo hacerlo bien — it takes time to do it well; (+ me/te/le etc)

    b) (tener como ingrediente, componente)

    ¿qué lleva esta sopa? — what's in this soup?

    10) (aventajar, exceder en) (+ me/te/le etc)
    11) (Esp) ( cobrar) to charge
    2.
    llevar v aux

    llevar las de ganar/de perder — to be likely to win/lose

    3.
    llevar vi
    a) camino/carretera to go, lead
    b) ( al bailar) to lead
    4.
    llevarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( a otro lugar) to take

    ¿quién se llevó mi paraguas? — who took my umbrella?

    b) <premio/dinero> to win
    c) (quedarse con, comprar) to take

    ¿cuántos se quiere llevar? — how many would you like?

    d) (Mat) to carry

    9 y 9 son 18, me llevo una — 9 plus 9 is 18, carry one

    e) (Arg) < asignatura> to carry over
    2) ( dirigir)
    3) <susto/regañina> to get
    4)
    * * *
    llevar (puesto)
    (v.) = wear

    Ex: The camera hound of the future wears on his forehead a lump a little larger than a walnut.

    = bear, bring, carry, lead, lug off, steer, engage, escort, lead + Pronombre + down the road to, take along, tote.

    Ex: Examples of homographs are: bear (to carry, or an animal) and score (music, football or to cut).

    Ex: Subject experts may bring a more informed and critical eye to document analysis.
    Ex: Cable TV systems have now been introduced in the United States that have the technical ability to carry two-way signals.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex: They decided that they had to set up information and referral services to steer people to the correct agency.
    Ex: And literature is part of that essential human behavior; it engages us in pre-enactments and re-enactments.
    Ex: Their work included escorting clients to other agencies.
    Ex: The catalog's deterioration is leading us down the road to lesser quality library service.
    Ex: When you're crunched for time, take along snacks that pack a wallop, nutritionally speaking.
    Ex: These bags are the best way to tote around your books, groceries, beach stuff, or even your puppy.
    * agua + llevar = wash away.
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * comida para llevar = takeaway meal, take-out meal, take-out.
    * correr como alma que lleva el diablo = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * cuando el río suena, agua lleva = there's no smoke without fire, where there's smoke there's fire.
    * dejarse llevar = become + carried away by, drift along, drift, coast along, go with + the flow, let + go, go along with + the flow.
    * dejarse llevar fácilmente = be easily led.
    * dejarse llevar (por) = fall + victim to, give + way (to).
    * dejarse llevar por el instinto = fly by + the seat of + Posesivo + pants.
    * dejarse llevar por el pánico = panic.
    * dejarse llevar por la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * el llevar = carrying.
    * el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * encargado de llevar a cabo = implementor [implementer].
    * encargado de llevar el marcador = scorer.
    * flor para llevar en el ojal = boutonniere.
    * la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.
    * la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.
    * llevando sobrepelliz = surpliced.
    * llevar a = lead on to, lead up to, result (in), take + Nombre + back to, usher into.
    * llevar a Algo a una nueva dimensión = take + Nombre + into a new dimension.
    * llevar a Alguien a juicio = bring + lawsuit against + Alguien, take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.
    * llevar a Alguien al límite = push + Alguien + over the edge, drive + Alguien + over the edge.
    * llevar a buen término = bring to + a close.
    * llevar a cabo = accomplish, carry out, conduct, execute, go about, implement, proceed, effect, realise [realize, -USA], transact, carry through, press forward (with).
    * llevar a cabo actividades = conduct + business.
    * llevar a cabo una acción = effect + execution.
    * llevar a cabo una actividad = conduct + activity.
    * llevar a cabo una actuación común = make + a concerted effort.
    * llevar a cabo una iniciativa = take + initiative.
    * llevar a cabo una misión = accomplish + mission.
    * llevar a cabo una orden = execute + command.
    * llevar a cabo una redada = swoop.
    * llevar a cabo una serie de pasos anteriormente realizados = execute + steps.
    * llevar a cabo un atraco = pull off + heist.
    * llevar a cabo un proyecto = carry out + project, undertake + project, develop + project.
    * llevar a cabo un robo = execute + theft, pull off + heist.
    * llevar a casa = bring + home.
    * llevar a conclusiones erróneas = mislead.
    * llevar a confusión = lead to + confusion.
    * llevar a cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights, take + Nombre + to greater heights.
    * llevar adelante = go ahead with, carry on, carry out.
    * llevar a engaño = be misleading, be deceiving.
    * llevar a + Estado Emocional = send into + Estado Emocional.
    * llevar a hablar de una cuestión = bring up + issue.
    * llevar a hombros = carry + Nombre + shoulder-high.
    * llevar a juicio = prosecute, sue, file + suit against, bring + a suit against, litigate, bring + criminal charges against, file + lawsuit against, take + Nombre + to court, bring + Nombre + to justice, put on + trial, try.
    * llevar a la bancarrota = bankrupt.
    * llevar a la conclusión = lead to + the conclusion.
    * llevar a la ficción = fictionalise [fictionalize, -USA].
    * llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.
    * llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.
    * llevar a la quiebra = bankrupt.
    * llevar Algo/Alguien a = usher + Nombre + into.
    * llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.
    * llevar Algo demasiado lejos = push + Nombre + too far.
    * llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al hospital de bulla y corriendo = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al hospital urgentemente = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar al juzgado = take + Nombre + to court.
    * llevar al límite = stretch.
    * llevar a los tribunales = take + Nombre + to court.
    * llevar al poder = bring + Nombre + to power.
    * llevar aquí + Expresión Temporal = have been around + Expresión Temporal.
    * llevar a remolque = take in + tow.
    * llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.
    * llevar aún más lejos = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further.
    * llevar camino de enfrentamiento con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevar consigo = carry around.
    * llevar el compás = beat + time.
    * llevar el mando = rule + the roost.
    * llevar el peso = undertake + burden.
    * llevar el sello de = bear + the imprint of, bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar el sello distintivo de = bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar en autobús = bus.
    * llevar en camión = truck.
    * llevar en volandas = carry + Nombre + shoulder-high.
    * llevar + Expresión Temporal = take + Expresión Temporal.
    * llevar la antorcha = carry + the torch.
    * llevar la batuta = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * llevar la contraria = antagonise [antagonize, -USA].
    * llevar la cuenta = tally.
    * llevar la cuenta de = keep + track of.
    * llevar la delantera = ahead of the game.
    * llevar la impronta de = bear + the imprint of, bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la marca de = bear + the mark(s) of, bear + the stamp of, bear + the imprint of, bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la marca distintiva de = bear + the hallmarks of, have + the hallmarks of.
    * llevar la montaña a Mahoma = bring + the mountain to Mohammed.
    * llevar la responsabilidad de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * llevar la voz cantante = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * llevarle la corriente a Alguien = play along with.
    * llevarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.
    * llevar + Nombre + aún más lejos = take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther.
    * llevar por el aire = waft.
    * llevar por el camino de = lead + Pronombre + down the road to.
    * llevar por el mal camino = lead + astray.
    * llevar por mal camino = mislead.
    * llevar (puesto) = wear.
    * llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.
    * llevar razón = be right, be in the right.
    * llevar ropa puesta = wear + clothing.
    * llevar rumbo de colisión con = be on a collision course with.
    * llevarse = take, take away, cream off, haul away, cart, make off with, take + Nombre + away, be in, get away with.
    * llevarse a las mil maravillas con + Nombre = get on with + Nombre + swimmingly.
    * llevarse a las mis maravillas = get along/on + like a house on fire.
    * llevarse bien = get along, on good terms, hit it off.
    * llevarse bien con Alguien = get on with + Pronombre Personal.
    * llevarse el gato al agua = steal + the show, steal + the limelight, the nod + go to.
    * llevarse el mérito = take + the credit (for).
    * llevarse la fama = take + the credit (for).
    * llevarse la palma = sweep + the board, steal + the limelight, steal + the show, take + the biscuit, take + the cake, come out on + top.
    * llevárselo el viento = blow away.
    * llevarse los problemas a casa = bring + problems home.
    * llevarse una desilusión = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.
    * llevarse un chasco = be gutted, feel + gutted, be disappointed.
    * llevarse un palo = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * llevar sobre la espalda = carry on + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * llevar sobre los hombros = carry on + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * llevar tiempo = take + time, take + a while, take + long, absorb + time.
    * llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * llevar una cruz = suffer from + curse.
    * llevar una eternidad = take + ages (and ages).
    * llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.
    * llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.
    * llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.
    * llevar un diario de trabajo = keep + diary.
    * llevar un minuto = take + minute.
    * llevar un negocio = conduct + a business.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no llevar a ningún fin, ser un pérdida de tiempo = flog + a dead horse.
    * no llevar a ningún sitio = go + nowhere.
    * pasar llevando = take through.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * viajar llevando un mochila = backpacking.

    * * *
    llevar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    tengo que llevar los zapatos a arreglar I must take my shoes to be mended
    le llevé unas flores I took her some flowers
    te lo llevaré cuando vaya el sábado I'll bring it when I come on Saturday
    este programa pretende llevar un mensaje de paz y amor a sus hogares this program aims to bring a message of peace and love into your homes
    el camión llevaba una carga de abono the truck was carrying a load of fertilizer
    deja que te ayude a llevar las bolsas let me help you carry your bags
    ¿qué llevas en el bolso que pesa tanto? what have you got in your bag that weighs so much?
    dos hamburguesas para llevar two hamburgers to go ( AmE), two hamburgers to take away ( BrE)
    [ S ] comida para llevar take out meals ( AmE), takeaway meals ( BrE)
    2 ‹persona› to take
    iba para ese lado y me llevó hasta la estación she was going that way so she gave me a lift to o took me to o dropped me at the station
    voy a llevar a los niños al colegio I'm going to take the children to school
    nos llevó a cenar fuera he took us out to dinner
    la llevaba de la mano I was holding her hand, I had her by the hand
    3
    (tener consigo): los atracadores llevaban metralletas the robbers carried submachine guns
    no llevo dinero encima or conmigo I don't have any money on me
    4 (CS) (comprar) to take
    ¿la señora ha decidido? — sí, llevo éste have you decided, madam? — yes, I'll take o I'll have this one
    ¿cuántos va a llevar? how many would you like?
    B
    1
    (guiar, conducir): nos llevaron por un sendero hacia la cueva they led o took us along a path toward(s) the cave
    este camino te lleva al río this path leads o takes you to the river
    esta discusión no nos llevará a ninguna parte arguing like this won't get us anywhere
    2 (impulsar, inducir) to lead
    su afición por el juego lo llevó a cometer el desfalco his passion for gambling led him to embezzle the money
    esto me lleva a pensar que miente this leads me to believe that she is lying
    ¿qué puede llevar a una madre a hacer una cosa así? what could induce a mother to do such a thing?
    C
    1 ‹vestido/sombrero› to wear
    puede llevarse suelto o con cinturón it can be worn loose or with a belt
    llevaba uniforme he was wearing his uniform, he was in uniform
    no llevo reloj I'm not wearing a watch, I haven't got a watch on
    2
    (hablando de modas): vuelven a llevarse las faldas cortas short skirts are back in fashion
    ya no se lleva eso de las fiestas de compromiso people don't have engagement parties any more
    D
    (tener): llevas la corbata torcida your tie's crooked
    hace años que lleva barba he's had a beard for years
    llevaba el pelo corto she wore o had her hair short, she had short hair
    cada entrada lleva un número each ticket bears a number o has a number on it
    el colegio lleva el nombre de su fundador the school carries o bears the name of its founder
    una canción que lleva por título `Rencor' a song entitled `Rencor'
    A
    (tener a su cargo): lleva la contabilidad de la empresa she does the company's accounts
    su padre lleva la tienda/el bar his father runs the shop/the bar
    el abogado que lleva el caso the lawyer o ( AmE) attorney who is handling the case
    mi compañero lleva lo de los créditos my colleague deals with loans
    trabaja a tiempo completo y además lleva la casa she works full time and does all the housework as well
    B
    1 (conducir) ‹vehículo› to drive; ‹moto› to ride
    ¿quién llevaba el coche? who was driving the car?
    2 ‹pareja›
    (al bailar): no sé bailar — no importa, yo te llevo I can't dance — it doesn't matter, I'll lead
    C
    1 ‹vida› to lead
    (+ compl): lleva una vida normal/muy ajetreada he leads o has a normal life/very hectic life
    llevan su relación en secreto they're keeping their relationship secret
    ¿cómo llevas lo del divorcio? how are you coping with the divorce?
    está en segundo año y lo lleva muy bien he's in the second year and he's doing very well
    ¿qué tal lo llevas? ( fam); how are things? ( colloq)
    lleva muy mal lo de que te vayas al extranjero she's taking this business of you going abroad very badly
    llevaste muy bien la entrevista you handled the interview very well
    2 ( Ven) ‹golpe/susto› to get
    llevamos un susto grande cuando … we got a terrible fright when …
    va a llevar un disgusto grande cuando se entere he's going to be very upset when he finds out
    D
    (seguir, mantener): llevar el ritmo or el compás to keep time
    baila mal, no sabe llevar el compás he's a bad dancer, he can't keep in time to the music
    ¿estás llevando la cuenta de lo que te debo? are you keeping track of what I owe you?
    ¿qué rumbo llevan? what course are they on?
    ¿qué dirección llevaban? which direction were they going in o were they headed in?
    A
    1 (requerir, insumir) to take
    lleva mucho tiempo hacerlo bien it takes a long time to do it well
    (+ me/te/le etc): le llevó horas aprendérselo de memoria it took her hours to learn it by heart
    me va a llevar horas it's going to take me hours
    2
    (tener como ingrediente, componente): ¿qué lleva esta sopa? what's in this soup?
    esta masa lleva mantequilla en lugar de aceite this pastry is made with butter instead of oil
    lleva unas gotas de jugo de limón it has a few drops of lemon juice in it
    este modelo lleva tres metros de tela you need three meters of material for this dress
    la blusa lleva un cuello de encaje the blouse has a lace collar
    el tren lleva dos vagones de primera the train has o ( frml) conveys two first-class carriages
    B (aventajar, exceder en) (+ me/te/le etc):
    me lleva dos años he's two years older than me
    mi hijo te lleva unos centímetros my son is a few centimeters taller than you, my son is taller than you by a few centimeters
    nos llevan tres días de ventaja they have a three-day lead over us
    C ( Esp) (cobrar) to charge
    no me llevó nada por arreglármelo he didn't charge me (anything) for fixing it
    ■
    lleva media hora esperando she's been waiting for half an hour
    ¿llevas mucho rato aquí? have you been here long?
    lleva tres días sin probar bocado he hasn't eaten a thing for three days
    el tren lleva una hora de retraso the train's an hour late
    ¿te desperté? — no, llevo horas levantada did I wake you? — no, I've been up for hours
    lleva cinco años en la empresa she's been with the company for five years
    hasta ahora llevan ganados todos los partidos they've won every game so far
    ya llevaba hecha la mitad de la manga I'd already done half the sleeve
    llevar las de ganar/perder to be bound to win/lose
    con el apoyo del jefe, llevas todas las de ganar if the boss is behind you, you're bound to succeed
    ■ llevar
    vi
    1 «camino/carretera» to go, lead
    lleva directamente al pueblo it goes o leads straight to the village
    ¿adónde lleva este camino? where does this road go o lead?
    2 (al bailar) to lead
    A
    1 (a otro lugar) to take
    la policía se llevó al sospechoso the police took the suspect away
    ¿quién se ha llevado mi paraguas? who's taken my umbrella?
    nos lo llevamos a la playa we took him off to the beach
    no te lleves el diccionario, lo necesito don't take the dictionary (away), I need it
    llévate a los chicos de aquí get the children out of here
    los ladrones se llevaron las joyas the thieves went off with o took the jewels
    el agua se llevó cuanto encontró a su paso the water swept away everything in its path
    2 ‹dinero/premio› to win
    la película que se llevó todos los premios the movie that carried off o won o took all the prizes
    3 (quedarse con, comprar) to take
    no sé cuál llevarme I don't know which one to have o take
    ¿cuántos se quiere llevar? how many would you like?
    4 ( Mat) to carry
    9 y 9 son 18, me llevo una 9 plus 9 is 18, carry one
    5 ( Arg) ‹asignatura› to carry over
    B
    (dirigir): no te lleves el cuchillo a la boca don't put your knife in your mouth
    se llevó la mano al bolsillo he put his hand to his pocket
    C ‹susto/regañina› to get
    ¡qué susto me llevé! what a fright I got!
    me llevé una gran decepción I was terribly disappointed, it was a terrible disappointment
    se llevó su merecido he got what he deserved
    quiero que se lleve un buen recuerdo I want him to leave here with pleasant memories
    D
    llevarse bien con algn to get along with sb, to get on (well) with sb ( BrE)
    nos llevamos mal we don't get along o on
    se llevan a matar they really hate each other
    se llevan como perro y gato they fight like cat and dog
    * * *

     

    llevar ( conjugate llevar) verbo transitivo
    1


    te lo llevaré cuando vaya I'll bring it when I come;
    ¿qué llevas en la bolsa? what have you got in your bag?;
    comida para llevar take out (AmE) o (BrE) takeaway meals
    b) ( transportar) ‹ carga› to carry;


    c) ‹ persona› to take;


    me llevó (en su coche) hasta la estación she gave me a lift to the station;
    lo llevaba en brazos/de la mano she was carrying him in her arms/holding her hand
    d) ( tener consigo) ‹llaves/dinero/documentación› to have

    2
    a) (guiar, conducir) to take;

    ◊ la llevaba de la mano I/he was holding her hand;

    esto no nos llevará a ninguna parte this won't get us anywhere
    b) (impulsar, inducir) to lead;

    ◊ esto me lleva a pensar que … this leads me to believe that …

    3
    a) ‹ropa/perfume/reloj› to wear

    b) ( tener) ‹barba/bigote› to have;


    1 ( tener a su cargo) ‹negocio/tienda› to run;
    ‹ caso› to handle;
    ‹ contabilidad› to do
    2 (esp Esp) ( conducir) ‹ vehículo› to drive;
    ‹ moto› to ride
    3 ‹ vida› to lead;

    ¿cómo llevas el informe? how are you getting on with the report?
    4 (seguir, mantener): llevar el ritmo or el compás to keep time;
    ◊ ¿llevas la cuenta de lo que te debo? are you keeping track of what I owe you?;

    ¿qué dirección llevaban? which direction were they going in?
    1
    a) ( requerir) ‹ tiempo› to take;


    b) ( aventajar) (+ me/te/le etc):


    nos llevan un día de ventaja they have a one-day lead over us
    2 (Esp) ( cobrar) to charge
    llevar v aux:

    lleva tres días sin comer he hasn't eaten for three days;
    el tren lleva una hora de retraso the train's an hour late;
    llevo revisada la mitad I've already checked half of it
    verbo intransitivo [camino/carretera] to go, lead
    llevarse verbo pronominal
    1


    ¿quién se llevó mi paraguas? who took my umbrella?;
    el agua se llevó las casas the water swept away the houses
    b) ‹premio/dinero› to win

    c) (quedarse con, comprar) to take;


    d) (Mat) to carry;

    ◊ 9 y 9 son 18, me llevo una 9 plus 9 is 18, carry one

    e) (Arg) ‹ asignatura› to carry over

    2 ‹susto/regañina› to get;

    se llevó un buen recuerdo he left here with pleasant memories
    3

    4 ( hablando de modas) to be in fashion;

    llevar verbo transitivo
    1 to take: llévame a casa, take me home
    (en dirección al oyente) te lo llevaré al trabajo, I'll bring it to your work
    2 (vestir) to wear: lleva el pelo suelto, she wears her hair down
    3 (transportar) to carry: no llevo dinero encima, I don't carry any money on me
    4 (tolerar, sufrir) lleva muy mal la separación, she is taking the separation very badly
    5 (una diferencia de edad) le lleva dos años a su hermana, he is two years older than his sister
    6 (cobrar) me llevó dos mil pesetas por el arreglo, she charged me two thousand pesetas for the repairs
    7 (necesitar) eso no lleva mucho trabajo, that doesn't need much work
    8 (tiempo) llevo dos horas esperando, I've been waiting for two hours
    esto llevará un buen rato, this will take a long time
    9 (un negocio, empresa) to be in charge of
    (a una persona) to handle: te lleva por donde quiere, she does what she likes with you
    ♦ Locuciones: llevar adelante, to carry sthg through
    llevar las de ganar/perder, to be on a winning/losing streak
    La traducción más común es to take: ¿Adónde llevas eso?, Where are you taking that? Llévalo a la cocina. Take it to the kitchen. Sin embargo, tratándose de llevar algo hacia el oyente o el hablante, debes emplear el verbo to bring: Te lo llevaré mañana. I'll bring it to you tomorrow. Te llevaré un regalo. I'll bring you a present.
    ' llevar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acercar
    - agitada
    - agitado
    - aire
    - altar
    - andar
    - aparejada
    - aparejado
    - bajar
    - batuta
    - caballo
    - cabo
    - calzar
    - calle
    - cantante
    - cargar
    - cartera
    - ciega
    - ciego
    - conducir
    - costar
    - dejarse
    - delantera
    - efectuar
    - ejecutar
    - escrita
    - escrito
    - garaje
    - inducir
    - juicio
    - magistratura
    - mal
    - maquillarse
    - operar
    - pantalla
    - pantalón
    - perder
    - preferir
    - realizar
    - sed
    - sofoco
    - subir
    - traer
    - transportar
    - usar
    - vestir
    - voz
    - anca
    - andas
    - arrastrar
    English:
    absorb
    - accomplish
    - account
    - achieve
    - ahead
    - amulet
    - astray
    - authenticity
    - band
    - bankrupt
    - bear
    - blow
    - boil
    - bring
    - carry
    - carry about
    - carry around
    - carry away
    - carry off
    - carry on
    - carry out
    - coal
    - conduct
    - drag off
    - drive
    - effect
    - fly
    - follow through
    - footpath
    - forceful
    - forever
    - go through with
    - hand-luggage
    - handle
    - haul up
    - have
    - have on
    - have up
    - hold
    - hump
    - implement
    - inclination
    - justice
    - keep
    - lead
    - lead out
    - lead to
    - lead up to
    - live
    - lug
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [de un lugar a otro] to take;
    le llevé unos bombones al hospital I took her some chocolates at the hospital, I brought some chocolates for her to the hospital with me;
    llevaré a los niños al zoo I'll take the children to the zoo;
    nosotros llevamos la mercancía del almacén a las tiendas we bring o transport the goods from the warehouse to the shops;
    me llevó en coche he drove me there;
    ¿vas al colegio? ¡sube, que te llevo! are you going to school? get in, I'll give you a Br lift o US ride;
    ¿para tomar aquí o para llevar? is it to eat in or Br to take away o US to go?;
    pizzas para llevar [en letrero] Br takeaway pizzas, US pizzas to go
    2. [acarrear] to carry;
    llevaba un saco a sus espaldas she was carrying a sack on her back;
    llevaban en hombros al entrenador they were carrying the coach on their shoulders;
    ¿llevas rueda de recambio? have you got a spare wheel?;
    llevar adelante algo [planes, proyecto] to go ahead with sth;
    llevar consigo [implicar] to lead to, to bring about;
    está prohibido llevar armas carrying arms is prohibited
    3. [encima] [ropa, objeto personal] to wear;
    llevo gafas I wear glasses;
    ¿llevas reloj? [en este momento] have you got a watch on?, are you wearing a watch?;
    [habitualmente] do you wear a watch?;
    llevaba una falda azul she was wearing a blue skirt;
    no lleva nada puesto she hasn't got anything o any clothes on;
    no llevo dinero I haven't got any money on me;
    nunca llevo mucho dinero encima I never carry a lot of money on me o around;
    todavía lleva pañales he's still in Br nappies o US diapers
    4. [tener] to have;
    llevar bigote to have a moustache;
    lleva el pelo largo he has long hair;
    me gusta llevar el pelo recogido I like to wear my hair up;
    llevas las manos sucias your hands are dirty;
    los productos ecológicos llevan una etiqueta verde environmentally friendly products carry a green label
    5. [como ingrediente]
    esta tortilla lleva cebolla this omelette has got onion in it;
    ¿qué lleva el daiquiri? what do you make a daiquiri with?
    6. [guiar, acompañar] to take;
    los llevé por otro camino I took them another way;
    lo llevaron a la comisaría he was taken to the police station;
    un guía nos llevó hasta la cima a guide led us to the top;
    Méx
    lléveme con el gerente I want to see the manager
    7. [dirigir] to be in charge of;
    [casa, negocio] to look after, to run;
    lleva la contabilidad she keeps the books
    8. [manejar, ocuparse de] [problema, persona] to handle;
    [asunto, caso, expediente] to deal with; [automóvil] to drive; [bicicleta, moto] to ride;
    este asunto lo lleva el departamento de contabilidad this matter is being handled by the accounts department;
    ella llevó las negociaciones personalmente she handled the negotiations herself;
    el inspector que lleva el caso the inspector in charge of the case;
    lleva muy bien sus estudios he's doing very well in his studies;
    sabe cómo llevar a la gente she's good with people
    9. [mantener] to keep;
    el hotel lleva un registro de todos sus clientes the hotel keeps a record of all its guests;
    llevo la cuenta de todos tus fallos I've been keeping count of all your mistakes;
    llevar el paso to keep in step;
    llevar el ritmo o [m5] compás to keep time;
    llevan una vida muy tranquila they lead a very quiet life
    10. [soportar] to deal o cope with;
    llevar algo bien/mal to deal o cope with sth well/badly;
    ¿qué tal llevas o [m5] cómo llevas el régimen? how are you getting on with the diet?;
    llevo bien lo de ir en tren todos los días, pero lo de madrugar… I can quite happily cope with catching the train every day, but as for getting up early…;
    Fam
    ¿cómo lo llevas con el nuevo jefe? how are you getting on with your new boss?
    11. [ir por]
    la dirección que lleva el vehículo the direction in which the vehicle is heading;
    lleva camino de ser famoso/rico he's on the road to fame/riches;
    llevar las de ganar/perder: el equipo local lleva las de ganar/perder the local team are favourites to win/lose;
    en un juicio, llevamos las de ganar if the matter goes to court, we can expect to win;
    no te enfrentes con él, que llevas las de perder don't mess with him, you can't hope to win
    12. [conducir]
    llevar a alguien a algo to lead sb to sth;
    aquella inversión le llevaría a la ruina that investment was to bring about his ruin;
    ¿adónde nos lleva la ingeniería genética? where is all this genetic engineering going to end?;
    llevar a alguien a hacer algo to lead o cause sb to do sth;
    esto me lleva a creer que miente this makes me think she's lying;
    ¿qué pudo llevarle a cometer semejante crimen? what could have led o caused him to commit such a crime?
    13. [sobrepasar en]
    te llevo seis puntos I'm six points ahead of you;
    me lleva dos centímetros/dos años he's two centimetres taller/two years older than me
    14. [amputar]
    la motosierra casi le lleva una pierna the power saw nearly took o cut his leg off
    15. [costar] [tiempo, esfuerzo] to take;
    aprender a conducir o Am [m5] manejar lleva tiempo it takes time to learn to drive;
    me llevó un día hacer este guiso it took me a day to make this dish
    16. [pasarse] [tiempo]
    lleva tres semanas sin venir she hasn't come for three weeks now, it's three weeks since she was last here;
    llevaba siglos sin ir al cine I hadn't been to the cinema for ages, it was ages since I'd been to the cinema;
    ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí? how long have you been here?;
    llevo todo el día llamándote I've been trying to get through to you on the phone all day;
    llevar mucho tiempo haciendo algo to have been doing sth for a long time
    17. Esp [cobrar] to charge;
    ¿qué te llevaron por la revisión del coche? how much o what did they charge you for servicing the car?
    18. CSur [comprar] to take;
    llevaré la roja I'll take o have the red one;
    ¿lo envuelvo o lo lleva puesto? shall I wrap it up for you or do you want to keep it on?
    ♦ vi
    [conducir]
    llevar a to lead to;
    esta carretera lleva al norte this road leads north
    ♦ v aux
    (antes de participio)
    llevo leída media novela I'm halfway through the novel;
    llevo dicho esto mismo docenas de veces I've said the same thing time and again;
    llevaba anotados todos los gastos she had noted down all the expenses
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 take;
    llevar a alguien en coche drive s.o., take s.o. in the car;
    2 ropa, gafas wear
    3 ritmo keep up
    4
    :
    llevar las de perder be likely to lose;
    me lleva dos años he’s two years older than me;
    llevo ocho días aquí I’ve been here a week;
    llevo una hora esperando I’ve been waiting for an hour;
    ¿te llevó dos horas hacer eso? it took you two hours to do that?
    II v/i lead (a to)
    * * *
    llevar vt
    1) : to take away, to carry
    me gusta, me lo llevo: I like it, I'll take it
    2) : to wear
    3) : to take, to lead
    llevamos a Pedro al cine: we took Pedro to the movies
    4)
    llevar a cabo : to carry out
    5)
    llevar adelante : to carry on, to keep going
    llevar vi
    : to lead
    un problema lleva al otro: one problem leads to another
    llevar v aux
    : to have
    llevo mucho tiempo buscándolo: I've been looking for it for a long time
    lleva leído medio libro: he's halfway through the book
    * * *
    llevar vb
    1. (en general) to take [pt. took; pp. taken]
    2. (cargar) to carry [pt. & pp. carried]
    ¿quieres que te lleve la compra? shall I carry your shopping?
    3. (vestir) to wear [pt. wore; pp. worn]
    4. (tener) to have
    ¿qué llevas en la mano? what have you got in your hand?
    5. (conducir) to drive [pt. drove; pp. driven]
    6. (tiempo) to have been
    llevarle a alguien... años to be... years older than somebody

    Spanish-English dictionary > llevar

  • 20 para

    prep.
    1 for.
    es para ti it's for you
    una mesa para el salón a table for the living room
    esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink
    te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand
    ¿para qué? what for?
    2 (in order) to.
    para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims
    lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you
    3 toward.
    ir para casa to head (for) home
    salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport
    4 for (time).
    tiene que estar acabado para mañana it has to be finished by o for tomorrow
    5 to.
    la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served
    el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: parar.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: parir.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: parar.
    * * *
    2 (uso, utilidad) for
    ■ los cuchillos son para cortar, no para jugar con ellos knives are for cutting, not for playing with
    ■ ¿tienes algo para el dolor de cabeza? have you got anything for a headache?
    3 (destino, dirección) for, to
    ■ el tren para Toledo sale a las 18.00 the train to Toledo leaves at 18.00
    ■ ¿para dónde vas? where are you going?
    4 (tiempo, fechas límites) by, before
    1 (finalidad) to, in order to
    2 (suficiente) enough
    \
    para entonces by then
    para con towards, to
    para que so that
    ¿para qué? what for?
    ■ ¿para qué has comprado eso? what did you buy that for?
    ¡que para qué! familiar very, really, terribly
    ■ ¡hace un frío que para qué! it's freezing
    ■ ¡es más torpe que para qué! she's so clumsy!
    * * *
    prep.
    1) for
    2) to
    4) by
    •
    - para detrás
    - para que
    * * *
    I
    PREP
    1) [indicando finalidad, uso] for

    es demasiado cara para nosotros — it's too dear for us, it's beyond our means

    para esto, podíamos habernos quedado en casa — if this is it, we might as well have stayed at home

    2)

    para que —

    a) + subjun
    b) [en preguntas]

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — why do you want it?, what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué sirve? — what's it for?

    -¿por qué no se lo dices? -¿para qué? — "why don't you tell her?" - "what's the point o use?"

    tú ya has pasado por eso, ¿para qué te voy a contar? — you've already been through that, so there's no point o use me telling you

    tengo un hambre que para qué — [uso enfático] I'm absolutely starving *

    3) + infin
    a) [indicando finalidad] to

    estoy ahorrando para comprarme una moto — I'm saving up to buy a motorbike, I'm saving up for a motorbike

    no es para comer — it's not for eating, it's not to be eaten

    b) [indicando secuencia temporal]
    4) [con expresiones de tiempo]

    un cuarto para las diez — LAm a quarter to ten

    son cinco para las ocho — LAm it's five to eight

    5) [indicando dirección]

    para atrás — back, backwards

    el autobús para Marbella — the bus for Marbella, the Marbella bus

    ir para casa — to go home, head for home

    6) [indicando opiniones]

    para mí que miente — in my opinion o if you ask me he's lying

    7) [en comparaciones]

    ¿quién es usted para gritarme así? — who are you to shout at me like that?

    para patatas, las de mi pueblo — if it's potatoes you want, look no further than my home town

    para ruidosos, los españoles — there's nobody like the Spaniards for being noisy

    8) [indicando trato]

    para con — to, towards

    tan amable para con todos — so kind to o towards everybody

    estar 1., 7), ir 1., 10) II
    * SM paratrooper, para *
    * * *
    1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

    ¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

    ¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

    que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

    tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

    2)

    para + inf — to + inf

    3)

    para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

    para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

    6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

    para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

    para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

    para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

    7)

    estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

    para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

    para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

    ¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

    9)

    empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

    ¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

    va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

    ¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to
    11)

    tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

    esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

    ¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

    se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

    * * *
    = for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.
    Ex. For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.
    Ex. This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex. Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.
    Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.
    Ex. The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.
    Ex. Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.
    Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex. In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.
    Ex. The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.
    Ex. The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.
    Ex. The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.
    Ex. Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.
    ----
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * para alguna gente = to some people.
    * para algunas personas = to some people.
    * para algunos = to some.
    * para aquel entonces = by then.
    * para atraer al cliente = window dressing.
    * para beneficio de = for the good of.
    * para bien = for the best, for the better.
    * para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.
    * para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.
    * para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.
    * para bodas = bridal.
    * para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].
    * para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.
    * para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para cuando = by the time.
    * para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.
    * para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * para detrimento de = to the neglect of.
    * para diario = everyday.
    * para disgusto de = to the disgust of.
    * para divertirse = for kicks.
    * para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para el año próximo = for the year ahead.
    * para el arrastre = over the hill.
    * para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.
    * para el bien de = for the benefit of.
    * para el caso = for that matter.
    * para el esparcimiento = recreational.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.
    * para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.
    * para el ocio = recreational.
    * para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.
    * para embalsamar = embalming.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.
    * para entonces = by then.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * para eso = therefor.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para esto = therefor.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * para expresar dimensiones = by.
    * para + Fecha = by + Fecha.
    * para finales de = by the end of.
    * para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * para finalizar = in closing.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para hacer dinero = money-making.
    * para hacer esto = in this.
    * para hacer fundas = sleeving.
    * para hacer juego = to match.
    * para hacer justicia = in fairness to.
    * para hacer las paces = peace offering.
    * para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.
    * para hacer más fácil = for ease of.
    * para impresionar = for effect.
    * para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.
    * para jóvenes = youth-serving.
    * para la eternidad = in perpetuity.
    * para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para la posteridad = for posterity.
    * para la web = Web-related.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mí = for myself.
    * para microordenadores = micro-computer based.
    * para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.
    * para no = so as not to.
    * para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * para no ser menos = not to be outdone.
    * para novias = bridal.
    * para + Número = seat + Número.
    * para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.
    * para orquesta = orchestral.
    * para otra ocasión = for future reference.
    * para para lavarse la cara = washrag.
    * para partirse de risa = side-splitting.
    * para PCs = PC-based.
    * para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.
    * para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.
    * para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.
    * para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.
    * para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.
    * para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * para protegerse = protectively.
    * para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.
    * para que así conste = for the record.
    * para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.
    * para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.
    * para que no falte = for good measure.
    * para que no falte de nada = for good measure.
    * para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.
    * para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.
    * para que quede constancia = for the record.
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.
    * para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.
    * para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.
    * para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.
    * para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.
    * para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.
    * para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.
    * para terminar = in closing.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.
    * para una única ocasión = one-time.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * para uso del profesional = professional-use.
    * para uso industrial = heavy-duty.
    * para uso personal = for personal use.
    * para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.
    * para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.
    * sin parar = interminably.
    * * *
    1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

    ¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

    ¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

    que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

    tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

    2)

    para + inf — to + inf

    3)

    para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

    para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

    6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

    para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

    para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

    para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

    7)

    estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

    para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

    para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

    ¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

    9)

    empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

    ¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

    va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

    ¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to
    11)

    tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

    esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

    ¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

    se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

    * * *
    = for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.

    Ex: For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.

    Ex: This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex: Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.
    Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.
    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex: Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.
    Ex: The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.
    Ex: Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.
    Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex: In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.
    Ex: The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.
    Ex: The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.
    Ex: The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.
    Ex: Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * para alguna gente = to some people.
    * para algunas personas = to some people.
    * para algunos = to some.
    * para aquel entonces = by then.
    * para atraer al cliente = window dressing.
    * para beneficio de = for the good of.
    * para bien = for the best, for the better.
    * para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.
    * para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.
    * para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.
    * para bodas = bridal.
    * para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].
    * para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.
    * para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para cuando = by the time.
    * para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.
    * para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * para detrimento de = to the neglect of.
    * para diario = everyday.
    * para disgusto de = to the disgust of.
    * para divertirse = for kicks.
    * para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para el año próximo = for the year ahead.
    * para el arrastre = over the hill.
    * para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.
    * para el bien de = for the benefit of.
    * para el caso = for that matter.
    * para el esparcimiento = recreational.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.
    * para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.
    * para el ocio = recreational.
    * para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.
    * para embalsamar = embalming.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.
    * para entonces = by then.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * para eso = therefor.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para esto = therefor.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * para expresar dimensiones = by.
    * para + Fecha = by + Fecha.
    * para finales de = by the end of.
    * para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * para finalizar = in closing.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para hacer dinero = money-making.
    * para hacer esto = in this.
    * para hacer fundas = sleeving.
    * para hacer juego = to match.
    * para hacer justicia = in fairness to.
    * para hacer las paces = peace offering.
    * para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.
    * para hacer más fácil = for ease of.
    * para impresionar = for effect.
    * para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.
    * para jóvenes = youth-serving.
    * para la eternidad = in perpetuity.
    * para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para la posteridad = for posterity.
    * para la web = Web-related.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mí = for myself.
    * para microordenadores = micro-computer based.
    * para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.
    * para no = so as not to.
    * para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * para no ser menos = not to be outdone.
    * para novias = bridal.
    * para + Número = seat + Número.
    * para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.
    * para orquesta = orchestral.
    * para otra ocasión = for future reference.
    * para para lavarse la cara = washrag.
    * para partirse de risa = side-splitting.
    * para PCs = PC-based.
    * para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.
    * para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.
    * para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.
    * para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.
    * para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.
    * para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * para protegerse = protectively.
    * para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.
    * para que así conste = for the record.
    * para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.
    * para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.
    * para que no falte = for good measure.
    * para que no falte de nada = for good measure.
    * para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.
    * para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.
    * para que quede constancia = for the record.
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.
    * para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.
    * para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.
    * para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.
    * para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.
    * para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.
    * para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.
    * para terminar = in closing.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.
    * para una única ocasión = one-time.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * para uso del profesional = professional-use.
    * para uso industrial = heavy-duty.
    * para uso personal = for personal use.
    * para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.
    * para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.
    * sin parar = interminably.

    * * *
    A (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for
    tengo buenas noticias para ustedes I have some good news for you
    ¿para qué revista escribes? what magazine do you write for?
    lee para ti read to yourself
    fue muy amable para con todos he was very friendly to everyone
    ¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?
    no sirve para este trabajo he's no good at this kind of work
    ¿para qué lo quieres? what do you want it for?
    ¿para qué tuviste que ir a decírselo? what did you have to go and tell him for?, why did you have to go and tell him?
    champú para bebés baby shampoo
    jarabe para la tos cough mixture
    que para qué (decirte/hablar) ( fam): hacía un frío que para qué (decirte) it was freezing cold ( colloq)
    venían con un hambre que para qué (hablar) or para qué te voy a contar they were starving o so hungry when they got here!
    B para + INF to + INF
    está ahorrando para comprarse un coche she's saving up for a car o to buy a car
    esta agua no es para beber this isn't drinking water
    está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting
    para serte sincero to tell you the truth
    como para convencerse a sí misma as if to convince herself
    para pasar al curso siguiente (in order) to go on to the next year
    no hay que ser muy inteligente para darse cuenta you don't have to be very intelligent to realize that
    nos cambiamos de sitio para ver mejor we changed places (so as) to see better
    para no + INF so as not to + INF
    entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her
    C para QUE + SUBJ:
    lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me
    pídeselo — ¿para qué? ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it — what for? so he can say no?
    para QUE no + SUBJ:
    cierra la puerta para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us
    D
    1
    (enfatizando la culminación de algo): para colmo or para rematarla se apagó la luz to crown o top o cap it all the light went out
    2 (expresando efecto, consecuencia) to
    para su desgracia unfortunately for him
    para mi gran sorpresa to my great surprise, much to my surprise
    no había bastante para todos there wasn't enough for everybody o to go round
    tranquilízate, no es para tanto calm down, it's not that bad
    para + INF:
    apenas tienen para comer they can barely afford to eat
    soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it
    bastante tengo yo con mis problemas (como) para estar ocupándome de los suyos I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with his as well
    ¡es (como) para matarlo! ( fam); I'll kill him! ( colloq)
    para QUE + SUBJ:
    basta que yo diga A para que él diga B if I say it's black, he'll say it's white
    basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa he only has to walk in and she gets flustered
    B
    (en comparaciones, contrastes): hace demasiado calor para estar al sol it's too hot to be in the sun
    son altos para su edad they're tall for their age
    para lo que come, no está nada gordo considering how much he eats, he's not at all fat
    díselo tú — ¡para el caso que me hacen …! you tell them — for all the notice they take of me …
    para + INF:
    para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent, considering it was completely off the cuff it was an excellent speech
    ¿quién se cree que es para hablarte así? who does she think she is, speaking to you like that o to speak to you like that?
    para QUE + SUBJ:
    son demasiado grandes para que les estés haciendo todo they're too old for you to be doing everything for them
    para que se esté quejando todo el día … if he's going to spend all day complaining …
    ¡tanto preocuparse por ellos para que después hasta te acusen de metomentodo! all that worrying about them and then they go and accuse you of being a meddler!
    C estar para algo/+ INF
    (indicando estado): mira que no estoy para bromas look, I'm in no mood for joking o for jokes
    estas botas están para tirarlas a la basura these boots are only fit for throwing out o for the trash o ( BrE) for the bin
    no está (como) para salir tan de veranillo it's not warm enough to go out in such summery clothes
    D
    (expresando opiniones, puntos de vista): para mí que ya no viene if you ask me, he won't come now
    para el padre, el niño es un Mozart en ciernes in the father's opinion o as far as the father's concerned, the boy is a budding Mozart
    tú eres todo para mí you're everything to me
    ¿para ti qué es lo más importante? what's the most important thing for you?, what do you see as the most important thing?
    esto es de gran interés para el lector this is of great interest to the reader
    A
    (indicando dirección): salieron para el aeropuerto they left for the airport
    empuja para arriba push up o upward(s)
    ¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?
    se los llevó para la casa de los abuelos she took them over to their grandparents' house
    tráelo para acá/adentro bring it over here/inside
    B
    (en sentido figurado): ya vamos para viejos we're getting old o ( colloq) getting on
    va para los 50 años she's pushing fifty ( colloq), she's going o ( BrE) getting on for fifty ( colloq)
    A
    (señalando un plazo): tiene que estar listo para el día 15 it has to be ready by o for the 15th
    ¿qué deberes tienes para el lunes? what homework do you have for Monday?
    faltan cinco minutos para que termine la clase there are five minutes to go before the end of the class
    me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised I could have it after Easter, he promised it to me for after Easter
    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?, how long will it take you to finish it?
    B
    1
    (indicando fecha aproximada): piensan casarse para finales de agosto they plan to marry sometime around the end of August
    para entonces quién sabe si todavía estaremos vivos who knows if we'll still be alive (by) then?
    ¿para cuándo espera? when is the baby due?
    tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow
    C
    1
    (expresando duración): para siempre forever
    tengo para rato ( fam); I'm going to be a while (yet), this is going to take me a while (yet)
    esto va para largo ( fam); this is going to take some time
    ¿qué le puedo regalar para el cumpleaños? what can I give him for his birthday?
    D ( liter)
    (en secuencias de acciones): se fue para nunca volver she went away never to return
    fue puesto en libertad, para más tarde volver a ser detenido he was set free only to be rearrested later, he was set free but was rearrested later
    * * *

     

    Del verbo parar: ( conjugate parar)

    para es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Del verbo parir: ( conjugate parir)

    para es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    para    
    parar    
    parir
    para preposición
    1 (destino, finalidad, intención) for;

    ¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?;
    champú para bebés baby shampoo;
    para eso no voy I might as well not go;
    para + inf: ahorra para comprarse un coche he's saving up to buy a car;
    tomé un taxi para no llegar tarde I took a taxi so I wouldn't be late;
    está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting;
    para aprobar (in order) to pass;
    entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her;
    lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me;
    cierra para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us
    2


    no es para tanto it's not that bad;
    soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it
    b) (en comparaciones, contrastes):


    son altos para su edad they're tall for their age;
    para lo que come, no está gordo considering how much he eats, he's not fat;
    ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?;
    es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own
    1 ( dirección):

    empuja para arriba push up o upward(s);
    ¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?
    2 ( tiempo)
    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo):

    ◊ estará listo para el día 15 it'll be ready by o for the 15th;

    deberes para el lunes homework for Monday;
    faltan cinco minutos para que termine there are five minutes to go before the end;
    me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised me it for after Easter;
    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?;
    para entonces estaré en Madrid I'll be in Madrid (by) then;
    tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow
    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to;


    c) ( duración):


    tengo para rato (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)
    parar ( conjugate parar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( detenerse) to stop;

    ir/venir a para to end up;
    fue a para a la cárcel he ended up in prison;
    ¿a dónde habrá ido a para aquella foto? what can have happened to that photo?;
    ¡a dónde iremos a para! I don't know what the world's coming to
    2 ( cesar) to stop;

    ha estado lloviendo sin para it hasn't stopped raining;
    no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute;
    no para en casa she's never at home;
    para DE + INF to stop -ing;
    paró de llover it stopped raining
    3 (AmL) [obreros/empleados] to go on strike
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹coche/tráfico/persona› to stop;

    ‹motor/máquina› to stop, switch off
    b) ‹ hemorragia› to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)

    c) ‹balón/tiro› to save, stop;

    ‹ golpe› to block, ward off
    2 (AmL)

    b) ( poner vertical) ‹vaso/libro› to stand … up;


    pararse verbo pronominal
    1 ( detenerse)

    b) [reloj/máquina] to stop;

    [coche/motor] to stall;

    2


    se paró en una silla she stood on a chair;
    ¿te puedes para de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
    b) (AmL) [ pelo] ( hacia arriba) to stick up;

    ( en los lados) to stick out

    parir ( conjugate parir) verbo intransitivo [ mujer] to give birth;
    [ vaca] to calve;
    [yegua/burra] to foal;
    [ oveja] to lamb
    verbo transitivo

    b) [ mamíferos] to have, bear (frml)

    para preposición
    1 (utilidad, aptitud) for: ¿para qué tanto esfuerzo?, what's all this effort for?
    una pomada para las quemaduras, an ointment for burns
    una tijera para zurdos, a pair of scissors for left-handed people
    2 (finalidad, motivo) to, in order to: lo dijo para molestarme, she said it to annoy me
    lo hace para que te fijes en él, he does it so that you notice him
    3 (destinatario) for: es para mamá, it's for mum
    hablaba para los votantes indecisos, he spoke to the undecided voters
    es muy atento para con ella, he's very obliging towards her
    4 (opinión) para Paco todas las mujeres son guapas, in Paco's opinion, all women are pretty
    5 (comparación, concesión) for: para ser tan joven tiene ideas muy sensatas, he has very sensible ideas for his age
    6 (rechazo) para una vez que hablo, me haces callar, the one time I speak, you shut me up
    7 (tiempo) by: estará listo para las cinco, it'll be ready by five
    para entonces, by then
    8 (a punto de) está para salir, it's about to leave
    9 (dirección) el tren para Burgos acaba de salir, the train for Burgos has just left
    iba para tu casa, I was going to your house
    Recuerda que cuando para expresa finalidad, se traduce por to o in order to (este último sólo se usa para evitar confusión): Me voy para ayudarte. I'm going in order to help you. Si usáramos sólo to significaría: Voy a ayudarte. Sin embargo, cuando después de para viene un sustantivo o un pronombre y no un verbo (esta llave es para aquella puerta), se traduce por for ( this key is for that door).
    parar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to stop: para de saltar, stop jumping
    para un momento en la farmacia, stop a minute at the chemist's
    no pares de hablar, por favor, keep talking, please
    2 (alojarse) to stay
    3 (finalizar, terminar) el cuadro fue a parar al rastro, the painting ended up in the flea market
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to stop
    2 Dep to save
    3 LAm to stand up
    ♦ Locuciones: dónde va a parar, by far: mi hija es muchísmo más inteligente que la suya, dónde va a parar, my daughter is far more intelligent than theirs
    parir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to give birth (to)
    ♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a parir, to run sb down
    ' para' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abalorio
    - ablandar
    - abreviar
    - absoluta
    - absoluto
    - acá
    - aceitera
    - achuchar
    - actuación
    - adentro
    - agitador
    - agitadora
    - alcanzar
    - alfiler
    - alguna
    - alguno
    - aliento
    - alquiler
    - alta
    - amenaza
    - añadidura
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - ánimo
    - año
    - antesala
    - antirrobo
    - aplanar
    - aprovechar
    - apta
    - aptitud
    - apto
    - aquí
    - arca
    - arena
    - arrastre
    - arriba
    - arropar
    - atonía
    - atrás
    - atril
    - aunar
    - auspicio
    - baja
    - bajo
    - balde
    - bálsamo
    - bañarse
    - banco
    English:
    AA
    - ability
    - about
    - accessory
    - accommodate
    - achieve
    - activity
    - adapter
    - adaptor
    - adequate
    - adequately
    - admire
    - adult
    - advantage
    - advantageous
    - advertise
    - aftershave (lotion)
    - agitate
    - agree
    - all
    - all-out
    - allocate
    - analyst
    - antiallergenic
    - antibiotic
    - antidote
    - antihistamine
    - antipollution
    - appease
    - application
    - appointment
    - appropriate
    - aptitude
    - argue
    - arm-twisting
    - arms control
    - around-the clock
    - arrangement
    - arson
    - as
    - ASPCA
    - assailant
    - assert
    - assess
    - assume
    - astir
    - astonishment
    - attain
    - attention span
    - attractive
    * * *
    para prep
    1. [indica destino, finalidad, motivación] for;
    es para ti it's for you;
    significa mucho para mí it means a lot to me;
    “¡qué suerte!” dije para mí “how lucky,” I said to myself;
    una mesa para el salón a table for the living-room;
    desayuno para dos breakfast for two;
    crema para zapatos shoe polish;
    pastillas para dormir sleeping pills;
    están entrenados para el combate they have been trained for combat;
    estudia para dentista she's studying to become a dentist;
    esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink;
    para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims;
    lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you;
    me voy para no causar más molestias I'll go so I don't cause you any more inconvenience;
    te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand;
    resulta que se divorcian para un mes más tarde volverse a casar so they get divorced, only to remarry a month later;
    para con towards;
    es buena para con los demás she is kind towards other people;
    ¿para qué? what for?;
    ¿para qué quieres un martillo? what do you want a hammer for?, why do you want a hammer?;
    ¿para qué has venido? why are you here?;
    ¿para quién trabajas? who do you work for?
    2. [indica dirección] towards;
    el próximo vuelo para Caracas the next flight to Caracas;
    ir para casa to head (for) home;
    salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport;
    para abajo downwards;
    para arriba upwards;
    tira para arriba pull up o upwards;
    para atrás backwards;
    échate para atrás [en asiento] lean back;
    para delante forwards;
    ya vas para viejo you're getting old;
    esta muchacha va para pintora this girl has all the makings of a painter
    3. [indica tiempo] for;
    tiene que estar acabado para mañana/para antes de Navidad it has to be finished by o for tomorrow/before Christmas;
    faltan cinco minutos para que salga el tren the train leaves in five minutes;
    tienen previsto casarse para el 17 de agosto they plan to get married on 17 August;
    llevamos comida para varios días we have enough food for several days;
    Am salvo RP
    diez para las once ten to eleven;
    Am salvo RP
    un cuarto para las once (a) quarter to eleven;
    va para un año que no nos vemos it's getting on for a year since we saw each other;
    ¿y para cuándo un bebé? and when are you going to start a family?;
    para entonces by then
    4. [indica comparación]
    tiene la estatura adecuada para su edad she is the normal height for her age;
    está muy delgado para lo que come he's very thin considering how much he eats;
    para ser verano hace mucho frío considering it's summer, it's very cold;
    para ser un principiante no lo hace mal he's not bad for a beginner;
    para lo que me ha servido… for all the use it's been to me…;
    ¡tanto esfuerzo para nada! all that effort for nothing!;
    ¿y tú quién eres para tratarla así? who do you think you are, treating her like that?;
    yo no soy quien para decir… it's not for me to say…
    5. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo) [indica inminencia, propósito] to;
    la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served;
    el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win
    6. [indica opinión] for;
    para Marx, la religión era el opio del pueblo for Marx, religion was the opium of the people;
    para mí/ti/ etc as far as I'm/you're/ etc concerned;
    para mí que no van a venir it looks to me like they're not coming;
    ¿para ti quién es más guapo? who do you think is the most handsome?
    7. [indica disposición, estado]
    no estoy para fiestas I'm not in the mood for parties;
    el abuelo no está ya para hacer viajes largos grandfather's no longer up to going on long journeys;
    ¿hace día para ir sin chaqueta? is it warm enough to go out without a jacket on?
    8. [indica consecuencia]
    para su sorpresa, para sorpresa suya to her surprise;
    para alegría de todos to everyone's delight;
    para nuestra desgracia unfortunately for us
    9. Comp
    no es/fue/ etc[m5]. para tanto it's not/it wasn't/ etc such a big deal;
    no llores, que no es para tanto don't cry, it's not such a big deal, there's no need to cry about it;
    dicen que les trataron mal, pero no fue para tanto they say they were ill-treated, but that's going a bit far;
    Fam
    que para qué: hace un calor que para qué it's absolutely boiling;
    este plato pica que para qué this dish is really hot, Br this dish isn't half hot
    * * *
    prp
    1 for;
    para mí for me
    2 dirección toward(s);
    ir para head for;
    va para directora she’s going to end up as manager
    3 tiempo for;
    listo para mañana ready for tomorrow;
    para siempre forever;
    diez para las ocho L.Am. ten of eight, ten to eight;
    para Pascua iremos de vacaciones a Lima we’re going to Lima for Easter;
    espero que para Pascua haya terminado la crisis I hope the crisis is over by Easter;
    ¿para cuándo? when for?
    :
    lo hace para ayudarte he does it (in order) to help you;
    para que so that;
    ¿para qué te marchas? what are you leaving for?;
    para eso no hace falta it’s not necessary just for that
    :
    para su edad es muy maduro he’s very mature for his age
    6
    :
    lo heredó todo para morir a los 30 he inherited it all, only to die at 30
    * * *
    para prep
    1) : for
    para ti: for you
    alta para su edad: tall for her age
    una cita para el lunes: an appointment for Monday
    2) : to, towards
    para la derecha: to the right
    van para el río: they're heading towards the river
    3) : to, in order to
    lo hace para molestarte: he does it to annoy you
    4) : around, by (a time)
    para mañana estarán listos: they'll be ready by tomorrow
    5)
    para adelante : forwards
    6)
    para atrás : backwards
    7)
    para que : so, so that, in order that
    te lo digo para que sepas: I'm telling you so you'll know
    * * *
    para prep
    4. (dirección) for / to
    5. (tiempo) by
    para mí for me / in my opinion

    Spanish-English dictionary > para

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