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business+competition

  • 121 tie

    • hihna
    • solmu
    • sitoa
    • solmia
    • solmio
    • side
    • alushirsi
    building / construction industry
    • ankkuri (rak)
    • vahvike
    • yhdysside
    • kietoa
    finance, business, economy
    • kiinnittää
    • liittää
    • liitäntä
    • kaari
    • nauha
    • pelata tasapeli
    • säie
    • kravatti
    • kytkyt
    • kytkeä
    • köyttää
    • poikkipuu
    * * *
    1. present participle - tying; verb
    1) ((often with to, on etc) to fasten with a string, rope etc: He tied the horse to a tree; The parcel was tied with string; I don't like this job - I hate being tied to a desk.) sitoa
    2) (to fasten by knotting; to make a knot in: He tied his shoelaces.) solmia
    3) (to be joined by a knot etc: The belt of this dress ties at the front.) kiinnittää
    4) (to score the same number of points etc (in a game, competition etc): Three people tied for first place.) saada tasapisteet
    2. noun
    1) (a strip of material worn tied round the neck under the collar of a shirt: He wore a shirt and tie.) solmio
    2) (something that joins: the ties of friendship.) side
    3) (an equal score or result (in a game, competition etc); a draw.) tasapeli
    4) (a game or match to be played.) ottelu
    •
    - tie someone down
    - tie down
    - tie in/up

    English-Finnish dictionary > tie

  • 122 yield

    1. transitive verb
    1) (give) bringen; hervorbringen [Ernte]; tragen [Obst]; abwerfen [Gewinn]; ergeben [Resultat, Informationen]
    2) (surrender) übergeben [Festung]; lassen [Vortritt]; abtreten [Besitz] (to an + Akk.)

    yield the point — [in diesem Punkt] nachgeben

    yield a point to somebody — jemandem in einem Punkt nachgeben

    2. intransitive verb
    1) (surrender) sich unterwerfen

    yield to threats/temptation — Drohungen (Dat.) nachgeben/der Versuchung (Dat.) erliegen

    yield to persuasion/somebody's entreaties — sich überreden lassen/jemandes Bitten (Dat.) nachgeben

    2) (give right of way) Vorfahrt gewähren
    3. noun
    1) Ertrag, der
    2) (return on investment) Zins[ertrag], der

    a 10 % yield — 10 % Zinsen

    * * *
    [ji:ld] 1. verb
    1) (to give up; to surrender: He yielded to the other man's arguments; He yielded all his possessions to the state.) aufgeben, abtreten
    2) (to give way to force or pressure: At last the door yielded.) nachgeben
    3) (to produce naturally, grow etc: How much milk does that herd of cattle yield?) liefern
    2. noun
    (the amount produced by natural means: the annual yield of wheat.) der Ertrag
    * * *
    [ji:ld]
    I. n
    1. AGR (amount produced) Ertrag m; (field produce) Ernte f; (in recipes)
    \yield: 10 pieces ergibt 10 Stück
    2. MIN, GEOL (amount gained) gewonnene Menge, Ausbeute f
    3. FIN (financial return) [Zins]ertrag m, Gewinn m, Rendite f
    \yield of tax[es] Steueraufkommen nt
    initial \yields anfängliche Gewinne
    II. vt
    ▪ to \yield sth etw hervorbringen; cereals, fruit etw erzeugen
    this area of land should \yield several tons of barley dieses Stück Land sollte für etliche Tonnen Gerste gut sein
    2. (render)
    ▪ to \yield sth mine, quarry, oil wells etw liefern [o ergeben]; energy, water supplies etw spenden; (provide) etw hergeben
    to \yield information/results Informationen/Ergebnisse liefern
    the talks with management failed to \yield any results die Gespräche mit dem Management blieben ergebnislos
    3. FIN
    ▪ to \yield sth etw abwerfen
    the bonds are currently \yielding 6-7% die Pfandbriefe bringen derzeit 6-7 %
    4. (concede)
    ▪ to \yield sth [to sb] etw [an jdn] abgeben; competence, responsibility etw [an jdn weiter]delegieren
    to \yield responsibility Verantwortung übertragen
    5. (give in)
    to \yield ground to sb jdm [gegenüber] nachgeben
    to \yield a point to sb jdm ein Zugeständnis machen; (in discussion) jdm in einem Punkt Recht geben; (in competition) einen Punkt an jdn abgeben
    III. vi
    1. (be profitable) Ertrag geben; land [gute] Ernte[n] erbringen; trees tragen; mine, oil well ergiebig sein; investments einträglich sein, Gewinn abwerfen
    2. (give way) nachgeben
    ▪ to \yield to sth/sb etw/jdm gegenüber nachgeben
    to \yield to a demand/temptation einer Forderung/Versuchung nachgeben
    3. (bend) material, structure nachgeben
    4. ( form: be replaced by) weichen
    the small houses had been forced to \yield to a modern tower block die Häuser mussten einem modernen Wohnblock weichen
    5. (give right of way)
    ▪ to \yield to sb jdm den Vortritt lassen
    to \yield to a vehicle einem Fahrzeug [die] Vorfahrt gewähren
    6. AM ( form)
    ▪ to \yield to sb jdm das Wort erteilen
    7. MIL ( old: surrender) sich akk ergeben
    * * *
    [jiːld]
    1. vt
    1) (land) fruit, crop hervorbringen; (tree) fruit tragen; (mine, oil well) bringen; (shares, money) interest, profit (ein)bringen, abwerfen; result (hervor)bringen; opportunity, clue ergeben

    the information yielded by the poll — die Information, die die Meinungsumfrage ergeben hat

    this yielded a weekly increase of 20% — das brachte eine wöchentliche Steigerung von 20%

    2) (= surrender, concede) aufgeben

    to yield sth to sb — etw an jdn abtreten

    to yield a point to sb — jdm einen Punkt zukommen lassen; (in competition) einen Punkt an jdn abgeben

    2. vi
    1) (tree, land) tragen; (mine, oil well) Ertrag bringen; (shares, money) sich verzinsen, Zinsen or Profit einbringen or abwerfen

    land that yields well — Land, das ertragreich ist

    2)

    (= surrender, give way) they yielded to us (Mil) — sie haben sich uns (dat) ergeben; (general) sie haben nachgegeben

    at last she yielded to him/to his charm —

    to yield to force/superior forces (Mil) — der Gewalt/Übermacht weichen or nachgeben

    he yielded to her requests — er gab ihren Bitten nach

    3) (= give way branch, beam, rope, floor, ground) nachgeben

    to yield under pressure — unter Druck nachgeben; (fig) dem Druck weichen

    4) (MOT)

    to yield to oncoming traffic — den Gegenverkehr vorbeilassen

    "yield" (US, Ir) — "Vorfahrt beachten!"

    3. n
    (of land, tree) Ertrag m; (of work also) Ergebnis nt; (of mine, well) Ausbeute f; (of industry) (= goods) Produktion f; (= profit) Gewinne pl, Erträge pl; (FIN, of shares, business) Ertrag m, Gewinn m
    * * *
    yield [jiːld]
    A v/t
    1. (als Ertrag) ergeben, (ein-, er-, hervor)bringen, besonders einen Gewinn abwerfen, Früchte etc, auch WIRTSCH Zinsen tragen, ein Produkt liefern:
    yield 6% WIRTSCH
    a) sich mit 6% verzinsen,
    b) 6% Rendite abwerfen; → academic.ru/38718/interest">interest A 11
    2. ein Resultat ergeben, liefern
    3. einen Begriff geben (of von)
    4. jemandem Dank, Ehre etc erweisen, zollen
    5. gewähren, zugestehen, einräumen:
    yield consent einwilligen;
    yield one’s consent to sb jemandem seine Einwilligung geben;
    yield the point sich (in einer Debatte) geschlagen geben;
    yield precedence to sb jemandem den Vorrang einräumen;
    yield right of way to sb AUTO jemandem die Vorfahrt gewähren
    a) auf-, hergeben,
    b) (to) abtreten (an akk), überlassen, -geben (dat), ausliefern (dat oder an akk):
    yield o.s. to sich (einer Sache) überlassen;
    yield o.s. prisoner sich gefangen geben;
    yield a place to (dat) Platz machen;
    yield a secret ein Geheimnis preisgeben; → palm2 3
    7. obs zugeben
    8. obs vergelten, belohnen
    B v/i
    1. einen guten etc Ertrag geben oder liefern, besonders AGR gut etc tragen
    2. nachgeben, weichen (Sache oder Person):
    yield to despair sich der Verzweiflung hingeben;
    yield to force der Gewalt weichen;
    yield to treatment MED auf eine Behandlung(smethode) ansprechen (Krankheit);
    “yield” AUTO US „Vorfahrt gewähren!“
    3. sich unterwerfen, sich fügen ( beide:
    to dat)
    4. einwilligen (to in akk)
    5. nachstehen (to dat):
    yield to none in sth keinem in einer Sache nachstehen
    C s
    1. Ertrag m:
    a) AGR Ernte f
    b) Ausbeute f ( auch PHYS, TECH), Gewinn m:
    yield of radiation PHYS Strahlungsertrag, -ausbeute;
    yield of tax(es) WIRTSCH Steueraufkommen n, -ertrag
    2. WIRTSCH
    a) Zinsertrag m
    b) Rendite f
    3. TECH
    a) Metallgehalt m (von Erzen)
    b) Ausgiebigkeit f (von Farben etc)
    c) Nachgiebigkeit f (von Material)
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (give) bringen; hervorbringen [Ernte]; tragen [Obst]; abwerfen [Gewinn]; ergeben [Resultat, Informationen]
    2) (surrender) übergeben [Festung]; lassen [Vortritt]; abtreten [Besitz] (to an + Akk.)

    yield the point — [in diesem Punkt] nachgeben

    2. intransitive verb
    1) (surrender) sich unterwerfen

    yield to threats/temptation — Drohungen (Dat.) nachgeben/der Versuchung (Dat.) erliegen

    yield to persuasion/somebody's entreaties — sich überreden lassen/jemandes Bitten (Dat.) nachgeben

    2) (give right of way) Vorfahrt gewähren
    3. noun
    1) Ertrag, der
    2) (return on investment) Zins[ertrag], der

    a 10 % yield — 10 % Zinsen

    * * *
    v.
    einbringen v.
    erbringen v.
    hervorbringen v.
    liefern (Ergebnis einer math. Gleichung) v.
    nachgeben v.
    weichen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: wich, ist gewichen) n.
    Ausbeute - f.
    Ertrag -ë m.
    Gewinn -e m.

    English-german dictionary > yield

  • 123 tie

    tie [taɪ]
    1. noun
       a. [of garment, curtain] attache f ; ( = link) lien m ; ( = restriction) entrave f
    • family ties ( = links) liens mpl de famille ; ( = responsibilities) attaches fpl familiales
       b. ( = necktie) cravate f
       c. ( = draw) égalité f (de points) ; ( = drawn match) match m nul ; ( = drawn competition) concours m dont les vainqueurs sont ex æquo
       d. (Sport = match) match m de qualification
       a. ( = fasten) attacher ; [+ ribbon] nouer ; [+ shoes] lacer
    • to tie the knot (inf) ( = get married) se marier
       b. ( = link) lier ; ( = restrict) restreindre
    ( = draw) (Sport) faire match nul ; (in competition, election) être ex æquo
    ► tie-break noun (Tennis) jeu m décisif, tie-break m
    ► tie-in noun ( = link) lien m
    ► tie-up noun ( = connection) lien m ; (US = traffic jam) embouteillage m
       a. ( = be linked) être lié
       b. ( = be consistent) correspondre ( with à)
    [+ label] attacher
       a. [+ parcel] ficeler ; [+ prisoner] ligoter ; [+ boat, horse] attacher
       b. ( = conclude) [+ business deal] conclure
       c. [+ capital, money] immobiliser
       d. (US = obstruct, hinder) [+ traffic] bloquer ; [+ project, programme] entraver
    * * *
    [taɪ] 1.
    1) ( piece of clothing) cravate f
    2) ( fastener) attache f
    3) ( bond) (gén pl) lien m

    family ties — liens mpl familiaux

    4) ( constraint) contrainte f
    5) gen, Sport ( draw) match m nul
    2.
    transitive verb (p prés tying)
    1) ( attach) attacher [label, animal] (to à); ligoter [hands]; ficeler [parcel, chicken] ( with avec); ( join in knot) nouer [scarf, cravate]; attacher [laces]
    2) ( link) associer (to à)

    to be tied to — être lié à [growth, activity]; Finance être indexé sur [inflation, interest]

    3)

    to be tied to — ( constrained by) être rivé à [job]; être cloué (colloq) à [house]

    3.
    1) ( fasten) s'attacher
    2) gen, Sport ( draw) ( in match) faire match nul; ( in race) être ex aequo; ( in vote) [candidates] obtenir le même nombre de voix
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-French dictionary > tie

  • 124 put out

    vt
    to \put out the cat/ dog out die Katze/den Hund nach draußen bringen [o ( fam) rausbringen];
    to \put out sb out ( ask to leave) jdn vor die Tür setzen;
    to \put out the washing out [to dry] die Wäsche draußen aufhängen;
    to \put out sb/ sth out of business jdn/etw verdrängen, jdn/etw aus dem Geschäft drängen;
    to \put out sb out of a job jdn entlassen;
    to \put out sb/ sth out of one's mind [or head] jdn/etw vergessen;
    I just can't \put out her out of my mind sie geht mir einfach nicht aus dem Kopf
    2) ( extend)
    to \put out out <-> sth hand, foot etw ausstrecken;
    she \put out her head out of the window sie lehnte den Kopf aus dem Fenster;
    to \put out out feelers (a. fig) die Fühler ausstrecken;
    to \put out out one's hand die Hand ausstrecken;
    to \put out out one's tongue die Zunge herausstrecken;
    to \put out out the welcome mat for sb ( fig) jdm einen freundlichen Empfang bereiten
    3) media (publish, circulate)
    to \put out out <-> sth etw veröffentlichen
    4) ( produce)
    to \put out out <-> sth etw herstellen [o produzieren]; hort ( sprout) leaves, roots etw austreiben
    to \put out sth out [for sb/sth] cutlery, plate, dish [jdm/etw] etw hinstellen [o hinlegen] [o hinsetzen];
    to \put out out <-> sth etw vergeben [o außer Haus geben];
    the contract was \put out out to the competition der Auftrag ging an die Konkurrenz
    to \put out sb out jdm Umstände machen;
    would it \put out you out if we came tomorrow? wäre es dir recht, wenn wir morgen kommen?;
    to \put out oneself out for sb sich akk jds wegen Umstände machen
    8) ( bother)
    to be \put out out by sth über etw akk verärgert sein
    to \put out out <-> sth fire etw löschen; candle, cigarette etw ausmachen;
    ( turn off) lights etw ausschalten [o ausmachen];
    10) ( hurt)
    to \put out out <-> sth knee, shoulder sich akk an etw dat verletzen;
    he \put out his back out er hat seinen Rücken verrenkt;
    to \put out sb's eyes out jdn die Augen ausstechen
    to \put out sb out jdn narkotisieren;
    the medication really \put out me out die Medikamente haben mich total benommen gemacht
    to \put out sb out of the competition jdn aus dem Rennen werfen vi
    1) naut ( set sail) in See stechen;
    the ship \put out out of London harbour das Schiff lief aus dem Londoner Hafen aus
    2) (Am) (vulg: have sex) es treiben (sl), es machen ( fam)
    to \put out out for sb es mit jdm treiben (sl)

    English-German students dictionary > put out

  • 125 Theater, Portuguese

       There are two types of theater in Portugal: classical or "serious" theater and light theater, or the Theater of Review, largely the Revistas de Lisboa (Lisbon Reviews). Modern theater, mostly but not exclusively centered in Lisbon, experienced an unfortunate impact from official censorship during the Estado Novo (1926-74). Following laws passed in 1927, the government decreed that, as a cultural activity, any theatrical presentations that were judged "offensive in law, in morality and in decent customs" were prohibited. One consequence that derived from the risk of prohibition was that directors and playwrights began to practice self-censorship. This discouraged liberal and experimental theatrical work, weakened commercial investment in theater, and made employment in much theater a risky business, with indifferent public support.
       Despite these political obstacles and the usual risks and difficulties of producing live theater in competition first with emerging cinema and then with television (which began in any case only after 1957), some good theatrical work flourished. Two of the century's greatest repertory actresses, Amélia Rey-Colaço (1898-1990) and Maria Matos (1890-1962), put together talented acting companies and performed well-received classical theater. Two periods witnessed a brief diminution of censorship: following World War II (1945-47) and during Prime Minister Marcello Caetano's government (1968-74). Although Portuguese playwrights also produced comedies and dramas, some of the best productions reached the stage under the authorship of foreign playwrights: Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Miller, and others.
       A major new phase of Portuguese serious theater began in the 1960s, with the staging of challenging plays by playwrights José Cardoso Pires, Luis Sttau Monteiro, and Bernardo Santareno. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, more funds for experimental theater have become available, and government censorship ceased. As in so much of Western European theater, however, the general public tended to favor not plays with serious content but techno-hits that featured foreign imports, including musicals, or homegrown musicals on familiar themes. Nevertheless, after 1974, the theater scene was enlivened, not only in Lisbon, but also in Oporto, Coimbra, and other cities.
       The Theater of Review, or light theater, was introduced to Portugal in the 19th century and was based largely on French models. Adapted to the Portuguese scene, the Lisbon reviews featured pageantry, costume, comic skits, music (including the ever popular fado), dance, and slapstick humor and satire. Despite censorship, its heyday occurred actually during the Estado Novo, before 1968. Of all the performing arts, the Lisbon reviews enjoyed the greatest freedom from official political censorship. Certain periods featured more limited censorship, as cited earlier (1945-47 and 1968-74). The main venue of the Theater of Review was located in central Lisbon's Parque Mayer, an amusement park that featured four review theaters: Maria Vitória, Variedades, Capitólio, and ABC.
       Many actors and stage designers, as well as some musicians, served their apprenticeship in the Lisbon reviews before they moved into film and television. Noted fado singers, the fadistas, and composers plied their trade in Parque Mayer and built popular followings. The subjects of the reviews, often with provocative titles, varied greatly and followed contemporary social, economic, and even political fashion and trends, but audiences especially liked satire directed against convention and custom. If political satire was not passed by the censor in the press or on television, sometimes the Lisbon reviews, by the use of indirection and allegory, could get by with subtle critiques of some personalities in politics and society. A humorous stereotyping of customs of "the people," usually conceived of as Lisbon street people or naive "country bumpkins," was also popular. To a much greater degree than in classical, serious theater, the Lisbon review audiences steadily supported this form of public presentation. But the zenith of this form of theater had been passed by the late 1960s as audiences dwindled, production expenses rose, and film and television offered competition.
       The hopes that governance under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano would bring a new season of freedom of expression in the light theater or serious theater were dashed by 1970-71, as censorship again bore down. With revolution in the offing, change was in the air, and could be observed in a change of review show title. A Lisbon review show title on the eve of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, was altered from: 'To See, to Hear... and Be Quiet" to the suggestive, "To See, to Hear... and to Talk." The review theater experienced several difficult years after 1980, and virtually ceased to exist in Parque Mayer. In the late 1990s, nevertheless, this traditional form of entertainment underwent a gradual revival. Audiences again began to troop to renovated theater space in the amusement park to enjoy once again new lively and humorous reviews, cast for a new century and applied to Portugal today.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Theater, Portuguese

  • 126 swing

    A n
    1 (action, movement) (of pendulum, pointer, needle) oscillation f ; (of hips, body) balancement m ; ( in golf) swing m ; ( in boxing) swing m, coup m de poing ; to aim ou take a swing at ( with fist) essayer de donner un coup de poing à [person, head, stomach] ; to take a swing at sb with an iron bar essayer de frapper qn avec une barre de fer ; to take a wild swing at the ball faire un mouvement désespéré pour frapper la balle ;
    2 (fluctuation, change) (in voting, public opinion) revirement m (in de) ; (in prices, values, economy) fluctuation f (in de) ; ( in business activity) variation f (in de) ; ( in mood) saute f (in de) ; a swing to the left/right Pol un revirement vers la gauche/la droite ; a 10% swing Pol une variation de 10% (to en faveur de) ; market swings les fluctuations du marché ; a swing away from/towards ( in opinions) un mouvement contre/vers ; (in behaviour, buying habits) un rejet de/retour vers [method, product] ; there has been a swing to the left in the party on a observé un mouvement vers la gauche chez les membres du parti ; a swing away from/towards religion un rejet de/un retour vers la religion ; to get a far bigger swing than the polls predicted avoir un nombre de voix nettement supérieur à celui prédit par les sondages ;
    3 (in playground, garden) balançoire f ; to give sb a swing pousser qn sur une balançoire f ;
    4 Mus swing m ;
    5 (drive, rhythm) (of music, dance) rythme m.
    B modif Mus [band] de swing ; [era] du swing.
    C vtr ( prét, pp swung)
    1 ( move to and fro) balancer [object] ; to swing one's arms/legs balancer les bras/les jambes ; to swing a bucket from the end of a rope balancer un seau au bout d'une corde ;
    2 (move around, up, away) to swing sb onto the ground poser qn sur le sol (d'un geste vif) ; to swing a bag onto one's back mettre un sac sur son dos (d'un geste vif) ; he swung the child into the saddle d'un geste vif il a mis l'enfant en selle ; to swing a child around and around faire tournoyer un enfant ; he swung the car around il a fait demi-tour ; to swing a car around a corner tourner brusquement à un coin de rue ; she swung him around to face her elle l'a fait se retourner pour qu'il lui fasse face ; he swung his chair around il a retourné sa chaise ; she swung the telescope through 180° elle a fait pivoter le télescope de 180° ; to swing one's bat at the ball faire un mouvement de sa batte pour frapper la balle ;
    3 ( cause to change) to swing a match/a trial sb's way ou in sb's favour faire basculer un match/un procès en faveur de qn ; to swing the voters [speech, incident] faire changer les électeurs d'opinion (towards en faveur de ; away from contre) ;
    4 ○ ( cause to succeed) remporter [election, match] ; to swing a deal emporter une affaire ; can you swing it for me? tu peux arranger ça pour moi? ; to swing it for sb to do s'arranger pour que qn fasse.
    D vi ( prét, pp swung)
    1 ( move to and fro) [object, rope] se balancer ; [pendulum] osciller ; she sat on the branch with her legs swinging elle était assise sur la branche et balançait ses jambes ; to swing on the gate se balancer sur le portillon ; to swing by one's hands from se suspender or se balancer à ; to leave sth swinging from laisser qch suspendu à ; Naut to swing at anchor se balancer sur son ancre ;
    2 (move along, around) to swing from branch to branch se balancer de branche en branche ; to swing onto the ground ( with rope) s'élancer sur le sol ; to swing along a rope (hand over hand) avancer en se suspendant à la corde ; to swing up into the saddle se mettre en selle d'un geste vif ; to swing back to zero [needle] revenir brusquement vers le zéro ; to swing open/shut s'ouvrir/se fermer ; the car swung into the drive la voiture s'est engagée dans l'allée ; the camera swung to the actor's face la caméra s'est tournée brusquement vers le visage de l'acteur ; to swing around [person] se retourner (brusquement) ; to swing around in one's chair pivoter sur sa chaise ; the road swings around the mountain/towards the east la route contourne la montagne/continue vers l'est ; the army swung towards the east l'armée a dévié vers l'est ; the regiment swung along the street le régiment s'avançait dans la rue d'un pas rythmé ;
    3 to swing at ( with fist) lancer un coup de poing à ; to swing at the ball faire un grand mouvement pour frapper la balle ;
    4 fig ( change) to swing from optimism to despair passer de l'optimisme au désespoir ; the party swung towards the left le parti basculait vers la gauche ; the mood of the voters has swung towards l'état d'esprit des électeurs a connu un revirement en faveur de ; opinion swung between indifference and condemnation l'opinion hésitait entre l'indifférence et le blâme ;
    5 [music, musician] avoir du rythme ;
    6 ○ ( be lively) a club which really swings une boîte qui est vraiment branchée ○ ; the party was swinging la soirée marchait du tonnerre ○ ;
    7 ○ ou † to swing for lit ( be hanged) être pendu pour ; the boss will make sure I swing for that! fig le patron va me le faire payer!
    to go with a swing ○ [party] marcher du tonnerre ○ ; to get into the swing of things ○ se mettre dans le bain ○ ; they soon got into the swing of the competition ○ ils sont vite entrés dans l'esprit de la compétition ; to be in full swing [party, meeting, strike, inquiry] battre son plein ○.

    Big English-French dictionary > swing

  • 127 innovation

    1. инновация
    2. инновации

     

    инновации
    1. Процесс создания и освоения новых технологий и продуктов, приводящий к повышению эффективности производства. 2. Новая техника, технологии, являющиеся результатом научно-технического прогресса. Инновации, в современных условиях, достигаются преимущественно путем инвестиций в нематериальные активы (НИОКР, информационные технологии, переподготовку кадров, привлечение покупателей) Инновации в самом общем смысле, прежде всего, делятся на два класса: инновации процесса и инновации продукта, хотя они тесно связаны между собой; возможно как изготовление нового продукта старыми методами, так и изготовление старого продукта новыми методами – и наоборот. Не следует смешивать понятия инноваций и изобретений. Второе – более узко, относится к технике и технологии. Однако порою простая реорганизация производства ( а это организационная инновация) может принести не меньший экономический эффект, чем изобретение, техническое усовершенствование. Инновации – основа и движущая сила научно-технического прогресса во всех его видах: трудосберегающего, капиталосберегающего, нейтрального. Основоположник теории инноваций австрийский экономист Й.Шумпетер утверждал, что двигателем экономического развития выступает предприимчивость, выражающаяся в постоянном поиске новых комбинаций факторов производства, дающих предпринимателю возможность получать прибыль, большую по сравнению со средней. Все инновации связаны с большой долей риска. Но известно и другое: отказ от инноваций является еще более рисковым делом, поскольку ведет к замедлению научно-технического прогресса и экономического роста в целом.См. Диффузия инноваций.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    инновация
    1. Вложение средств в экономику, обеспечивающее смену поколений техники и технологии.
    2. Новая техника, технология, являющиеся результатом достижений научно-технического прогресса. Развитие изобретательства, появление пионерских и крупных изобретений является существенным фактором инновации.
    [ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/buh/index.html]

    инновация
    1.- См статью Иннновации, 2. — результат вложения средств (инвестиций) в разработку новой техники и технологии, во внедрение новых форм бизнеса, современных методов работы на рынке, новых товаров и услуг, финансовых инструментов.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент

    Partners in technology
    New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers

    Партнеры по технологии
    Новые уроки сотрудничества с заказчиками

    ABB’s predecessor companies, ASEA and BBC, were founded almost 120 years ago in a time when electromagnetism and Maxwell’s equations were considered “rocket science.” Since then several technological transitions have occurred and ABB has successfully outlived them all while many other companies vanished at some point along the way. This has been possible because of innovation and a willingness to learn from history. Understanding historical connections between products, technology and industrial economics is extremely Partners in technology New challenges to a history of cooperation with customers George A. Fodor, Sten Linder, Jan-Erik Ibstedt, Lennart Thegel, Fredrik Norlund, Håkan Wintzell, Jarl Sobel important when planning future technologies and innovations.

    Предшественницы АББ, компании ASEA и BBC, были основаны почти 120 лет назад, в то время, когда электромагнетизм и уравнения Максвелла считались «космическими технологиями». С тех пор прошло несколько технических революций и АББ успешно пережила их все, в то время как многие другие компании затерялись по дороге. Это стало возможным, благодаря постоянным инновациям и стремлению учиться на уроках истории. Для планирования будущих технологий и инноваций огромную роль играет понимание исторических взаимосвязей между продуктами, технологиями и экономикой

    These connections rely on information channels in companies and their existence cannot be underestimated if a company is to survive. An organization can acquire more information than any one individual, and the optimal use of this information depends on the existence and types of communication channels between those working in a company and the relevant people outside it.

    Эти взаимосвязи опираются на существующие в компании информационные каналы и, если компания намерена выжить, их значение нельзя недооценивать. Организация может накопить значительно больше информации, чем любой отдельный человек, и оптимальное использование этой информации зависит от наличия и типов коммуникационных каналов между работниками компании и причастными людьми за ее пределами.

    Force Measurement, a division of ABB AB, has a long tradition of innovation. Thanks to strong ties with its customers, suppliers, research institutes and universities, Force Measurement provides state-of-the-art equipment for accurate and reliable measurement and control in a broad range of applications. At the same time, established principles such as Maxwell’s equations continue to be applied in new and surprisingly innovative ways to produce products that promote long-term growth and increased competitiveness.

    Группа измерения компании АББ имеет давние традиции использования инноваций. Благодаря прочным связям с заказчиками, поставщиками, исследовательскими институтами и университетами, она создает уникальное оборудование для точных и надежных измерений в самых разных областях. В то же время незыблемые принципы, подобные уравнениям Максвелла, продолжают применяться новыми и удивительно инновационными способами, позволяя создавать продукты, обеспечивающие устойчивый рост и высокую конкурентоспособность.

    Innovation is a key factor if companies and their customers are to survive what can only be called truly testing times. The target of innovation is to find and implement ideas that reshape industries, reinvent markets and redesign value chains, and many of these ideas come from innovative customers.

    Если компания и ее заказчики намерены пережить тяжелые времена, то основное внимание следует обратить на инновации. Целью инноваций является поиск и воплощение идей, позволяющих перевернуть промышленность, заново открыть рынки и перестроить стоимостные цепочки, причем многие из этих идей поступают от заказчиков.

    Key to successful innovation is communication or the types of information channels employed by firms [1, 2]. A global company like ABB, with offices and factories spanning 90 countries, faces many challenges in maintaining information channels. First of all, there are the internal challenges. Ideas need to be evaluated from many different perspectives to determine their overall impact on the market. Selecting the most effective ones requires expertise and teamwork from the various business, marketing and technology competence groups. Just as important are the channels of communication that exist between ABB, and its customers and suppliers.

    Секрет успешных инноваций кроется в типах используемых фирмой информационных каналов [1, 2]. Глобальные компании, подобные АББ, с офисами и заводами более чем в 90 странах, сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами управления информационными каналами. Во-первых, существуют внутренние проблемы. Чтобы определить ценность идеи и ее общее влияние на рынок, ее нужно подвергнуть всесторонней оценке. Выбор наиболее эффективных идей требует коллективной работы различных экономических, маркетинговых и технологических групп. Не менее важны и коммуникационные каналы между компанией АББ и ее заказчиками и поставщиками.

    Many of ABB’s customers come from countries that are gradually developing strong technology and scientific cultures thanks to major investments in very ambitious research programs. China and India, for example, are two such countries. In fact, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is currently conducting research projects in all state of-the-art technologies. Countries in Africa and Eastern Europe are capitalizing on their pool of young talent to create a culture of technology development. Emerging markets, while welcome, mean stiffer competition, and competition to companies like ABB encourages even greater levels of innovation

    Многие заказчики АББ пришли из стран, постоянно развивающих сильную технологию и научную культуру путем крупных инвестиций в грандиозные исследовательские программы. К таким странам относятся, например, Индия и Китай. На самом деле, Китайская академия наук ведет исследования по всем перспективным направлениям. Страны Африки и Восточной Европы делают ставку на молодые таланты, которым предстоит создавать культуру технологического развития. Новые рынки, хоть и привлекательны, ужесточают конкуренцию, а конкуренция с такими компаниями, как АББ способствует повышению уровня инноваций.

    Many customers, similar stories Backed by 120 years of technological development and experience, ABB continues to produce products and services in many automation, power generation and robotics fields, and the examples described in the following section illustrate this broad customer range.

    Заказчиков много, история одна
    Опираясь более чем на 120-летний опыт технологического развития, АББ продолжает выпускать продукты и оказывать услуги во многих отраслях, связанных с автоматизацией, генерацией энергии и робототехникой. Приведенные далее при меры иллюстрируют широкий диапазон таких заказчиков.

    Тематики

    EN

    3.1.29 инновация (innovation): Конечный результат инновационной деятельности, получивший реализацию в виде нового или усовершенствованного продукта, реализуемого на рынке, нового или усовершенствованного технологического процесса, используемого в практической деятельности.

    Источник: ГОСТ Р 54147-2010: Стратегический и инновационный менеджмент. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > innovation

  • 128 rules

    Правила Community ~ постановления Европейского экономического сообщества company ~ устав предприятия driving and resting ~ правила, регламентирующие работу и отдых водителя establish ~ устанавливать правила general customs ~ общие таможенные правила house ~ правила внутреннего распорядка lay down ~ устанавливать правила observe the ~ соблюдать правила resting time ~ режим отдыха rules: ~ for business enterprises правила для торгово-промышленных предприятий rules: ~ for business enterprises правила для торгово-промышленных предприятий ~ for capital gains правила для доходов от прироста капитала ~ for entry into force правила вступления в силу ~ for maintenance of order in court правила поддержания порядка в суде ~ of conduct правила поведения ~ of court правила судопроизводства ~ of court судебный регламент ~ of procedure правила процедуры ~ of procedure процессуальные нормы ~ of procedure регламент ~ of succession правила наследования ~ of warfare приемы ведения войны ~ on competition правила конкуренции salary ~ правила начисления заработной платы trade policy ~ правила торговой политики traffic ~ правила движения valuation ~ правила оценки voting ~ правила голосования warehousing ~ правила складирования

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > rules

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