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61 make
meik
1. past tense, past participle - made; verb1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) hacer, construir, fabricar2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) hacer, obligar3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) hacer, poner, volver4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) ganar, hacer5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) ser, equivaler6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) ser, hacer7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) calcular8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) nombrar, elegir9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) hacer
2. noun(a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) marca- maker- making
- make-believe
- make-over
- makeshift
- make-up
- have the makings of
- in the making
- make a/one's bed
- make believe
- make do
- make for
- make it
- make it up
- make something of something
- make of something
- make something of
- make of
- make out
- make over
- make up
- make up for
- make up one's mind
- make up to
make1 n marcawhat make is your watch? ¿de qué marca es tu reloj? / ¿cuál es la marca de tu reloj?make2 vb1. hacerhave you made your bed? ¿te has hecho la cama?2. fabricar / producir3. sertr[meɪk]1 (brand) marca■ what make of car did you buy? ¿de qué marca es el coche que compraste?1 (produce - gen) hacer; (construct) construir; (manufacture) fabricar; (create) crear; (prepare) preparar■ have you made a list? ¿has hecho una lista?■ she made some sandwiches hizo unos bocadillos, preparó unos bocadillos■ stop making all that noise! ¡dejad de hacer tanto ruido!■ these cakes have been made using the finest ingredients estos pastelitos han sido elaborados con ingredientes de primera calidad2 (carry out, perform) hacer■ may I make a suggestion? ¿puedo hacer una sugerencia?■ we've made arrangements for you to be met at the airport hemos dispuesto que alguien vaya a buscarte al aeropuerto3 (cause to be) hacer, poner, volver4 (force, compel) hacer, obligar; (cause to do) hacer■ what makes you say that? ¿por qué dices eso?5 (be, become) ser, hacer; (cause to be) hacer, convertir en■ she'll make a good singer será buena cantante, tiene madera de cantante6 (earn) ganar, hacer■ she made 1,000 pounds last week ganó 1.000 libras la semana pasada7 (achieve) conseguir, alcanzar; (arrive at, reach) alcanzar, llegar a; (manage to attend) poder (ir)■ we made it! ¡lo conseguimos!9 (calculate, estimate, reckon) calcular■ how much do you make it? ¿a ti cuánto te da?■ what time do you make it? ¿qué hora tienes?10 (total, equal) ser, equivaler a■ that makes the third time you've asked me! ¡es la tercera vez que me lo preguntas!11 (complete, finish off) dar el toque final a, completar; (assure success of) consagrar1 (to be about to) hacer como, hacer ademán de, simular\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be on the make (for profit) andar tras el dinero, andar intentando sacar tajada 2 (for power) barrer para dentro, barrer para casa 3 (for sex) estar de ligue, andar buscando aventurasto make a fresh start volver a empezarto make a go of something sacar algo adelanteto make a loss perder dineroto make a name for oneself hacerse un nombreto make a note of something apuntar algoto make a profit ganar dineroto make a will hacer su testamentoto make believe hacer ver, imaginarse■ the children made believe they were on a desert island los niños hacían ver que estaban en una isla desiertato make do (with something) arreglárselas (con algo)to make friends hacer amigosto make fun of burlarse deto make it a rule to do something tener como norma hacer algoto make good triunfarto make something good (pay for, replace) pagar 2 (carry out, fulfil) cumplir con 3 (repair) arreglarto make it (be successful) tener éxito, llegar hasta arribato make like hacer ver, fingirto make nothing of something (achieve easily) hacer algo sin ningún problema 2 (treat as trifling) quitar importancia a algoto make or break somebody/something significar la consagración o la ruina de alguien/algoto make sense tener sentidoto make somebody's day alegrarle el día a alguiento make something clear aclarar algo, dejar algo claroto make something known dar a conocer algoto make sure (of something) asegurarse (de algo)to make the best/most of something sacar partido de algoto make the bed hacer la cama1) create: hacerto make noise: hacer ruido2) fashion, manufacture: hacer, fabricarshe made a dress: hizo un vestido3) devise, form: desarrollar, elaborar, formar4) constitute: hacer, constituirmade of stone: hecho de piedra5) prepare: hacer, preparar6) render: hacer, ponerit makes him nervous: lo pone nerviosoto make someone happy: hacer feliz a alguienit made me sad: me dio pena7) perform: hacerto make a gesture: hacer un gesto8) compel: hacer, forzar, obligar9) earn: ganarto make a living: ganarse la vidamake vi1) head: ir, dirigirsewe made for home: nos fuimos a casa2)to make do : arreglárselas3)to make good repay: pagar4)to make good succeed: tener éxitomake nbrand: marca fn.• fabricación s.f.• hechura s.f.• marca s.f.• modelo s.m.expr.• hacer resaltar expr.expr.• hacer resaltar expr.v.(§ p.,p.p.: made) = confeccionar v.• constituir v.• crear v.• fabricar v.• formar v.• hacer v.(§pres: hago, haces...) pret: hic-pp: hechofut/c: har-•)
I
1. meɪk1) (past & past p made) transitive verb2) (create, produce) \<\<paint/cars\>\> hacer*, fabricar*; \<\<dress\>\> hacer*, confeccionar (frml); \<\<meal/cake/sandwich/coffee\>\> hacer*, preparar; \<\<film\>\> hacer*, rodar; \<\<record\>\> grabar; \<\<fire/nest/hole\>\> hacer*; \<\<list/will\>\> hacer*to make a noise — hacer* ruido
made in Spain/Mexico — hecho or fabricado en España/México
made in Argentina/Peru — industria or fabricación argentina/peruana
to make something into something: I'll make this material into a skirt con esta tela me haré una falda; to make something out of/from/of something: she made the dress out of an old sheet se hizo el vestido con/de una sábana vieja; we made another meal from the leftovers hicimos otra comida con las sobras; it's made of wood/plastic es de madera/plástico; don't make an enemy of her — no te la eches encima como enemiga; see also difference 1) b), fuss I, mess I 1), 2)
3)a) ( carry out) \<\<repairs/changes/payment\>\> hacer*, efectuar* (frml); \<\<preparations/arrangements\>\> hacer*; \<\<journey\>\> hacer*make a left (turn) here — (AmE) dobla or gira a la izquierda aquí
b) \<\<remark/announcement\>\> hacer*4) ( cause to be)I'll make you happy/rich — te haré feliz/rica
that made me sad — eso me entristeció or me apenó
the work made me thirsty/sleepy — el trabajo me dio sed/sueño
what makes me angry is... — lo que me da rabia es...
they've made him supervisor — lo han nombrado supervisor, lo han ascendido a supervisor
if nine o'clock is too early, make it later — si las nueve es muy temprano, podemos reunirnos (or encontrarnos etc) más tarde
two large pizzas..., no, make that three — dos pizzas grandes..., no, mire, mejor déme tres
5)a) ( cause to) hacer*whatever made you do it? — ¿por qué lo hiciste?, ¿qué te llevó a hacer eso?
b) ( compel) obligar* a, hacer*she was made to apologize — la obligaron a or la hicieron pedir perdón
c) (in phrases)to make believe: you can't just make believe it never happened no puedes pretender que no sucedió, no puedes hacer como si no hubiera sucedido; to make do (with something), to make something do — arreglárselas con algo
6)a) (constitute, be) ser*b) (equal, amount to) ser*five plus five makes ten — cinco y or más cinco son diez
7) ( calculate)what do you make the total? — ¿(a ti) cuánto te da?
what time do you make it, what do you make the time? — ¿qué hora tienes?
8) ( make fuss)I think you're making too much of what she said — creo que le estás dándo demasiada importancia a lo que dijo
9)a) ( understand)to make something of something: I could make nothing of the message no entendí el mensaje; make of that what you will — tú saca tus propias conclusiones
b) ( think)to make something of somebody/something: what did you make of him? ¿qué te pareció?; I don't know what to make of it — no sé qué pensar
10)a) (gain, earn) \<\<money\>\> hacer*they made a loss/profit — perdieron/ganaron dinero
they made a profit of $20,000 — ganaron or sacaron 20.000 dólares
how much did you make on the deal? — ¿cuánto sacaste or ganaste con el trato?
b) ( acquire) \<\<friends\>\> hacer*I made a few acquaintances there — conocí a or (frml) trabé conocimiento con algunas personas allí
to make a name for oneself — hacerse* un nombre
11) (colloq) (manage to attend, reach)to make it: he'll never make it as a doctor nunca será un buen médico; they made it through to the finals — llegaron a la final
12) ( assure success of)if you go to Harvard, you're made for life — si vas a Harvard, tienes el futuro asegurado
to make or break something/somebody — ser* el éxito o la ruina de algo/alguien
2.
vi1) ( make preliminary move)to make as if o as though to + inf — hacer* ademán de + inf
2) (move, proceed)they made toward the door — se dirigieron hacia la puerta; see also make for
•Phrasal Verbs:- make for- make off- make out- make up
II
1) ( brand) marca fwhat make is it? — ¿de qué marca es?
2)[meɪk] (pt, pp made) When make is part of a set combination, eg make an attempt, make a bow, make a case, make sure, look up the other word.to be on the make — (colloq) ( out for gain) estar* intentando sacar tajada (fam); ( looking for a date) estar* de ligue or (AmS) de levante or (Chi) de pinche (fam)
1. TRANSITIVE VERB1) (=create, prepare) [+ fire, bed, tea, will, remark, plan, suggestion] hacer; [+ dress] hacer, confeccionar; [+ shelter] construir; [+ meal] hacer, preparar; [+ record] grabar; [+ film] rodar; (=manufacture) [+ tool, machine] fabricar, hacer"made in Spain" — [+ tool, machine] "fabricado en España"; [+ dress] "confeccionado en España"; [+ nougat, chocolate] "elaborado en España"
•
they were made for each other — estaban hechos el uno para el otroshow 2., 4)•
it's made of gold — es de oro, está hecho de oro2) (=carry out) [+ journey, effort] hacer; [+ speech] pronunciar; [+ payment] efectuar; [+ error] cometer3) (=earn) ganarhow much do you make? — ¿cuánto ganas?
he makes £350 a week — gana 350 libras a la semana
the deal made him £500 — ganó 500 libras con el negocio, el negocio le reportó 500 libras
4) (=reach, achieve) [+ place] llegar awill we make Paris before lunch? — ¿llegaremos a París antes de la hora de comer?
Lara made a hundred — (Cricket) Lara hizo or se anotó 100 carreras
•
we made it just in time — llegamos justo a tiempocan you make it by 10? — ¿puedes llegar a las 10?
sorry, I can't make it — lo siento, no puedo or no me va bien
do you think he'll make (it to) university? — ¿crees que conseguirá ir a la universidad?
to make it with sb * — (sexually) hacérselo con algn *
•
to make land — (Naut) llegar a tierra•
to make port — (Naut) tomar puerto5) (=say, agree)another beer, please, no, make that two — otra cerveza por favor, no, que sean dos
6) (=cause to succeed)to make or break sth/sb —
sex can make or break a relationship — el sexo es determinante en una relación, el sexo puede afianzar una relación o hacer que fracase
7) (=constitute)he'll make somebody a good husband — va a ser or hará un buen marido para algn
it'll make a (nice) change not to have to cook every day — lo de no tener que cocinar cada día estará muy bien, ¡qué descanso, no tener que cocinar cada día!
•
he'll make a good footballer — será buen futbolista8) (=equal)this one makes 20 — con este son or hacen 20
how much does that make (altogether)? — ¿a cuánto sube (en total)?
8 pints make a gallon — 8 pintas hacen or son un galón
9) (=calculate) calcularwhat do you make the total? — ¿cuánto calculas que es el total?
how many do you make it? — ¿cuántos calculas que hay?
what time do you make it, what do you make the time? — ¿qué hora tienes?
10) (Cards) [+ trick] ganar, hacer; (Bridge) [+ contract] cumplirto make sb sth (=cause to be) to make sb/sth ({+ adjective/past participle}28})to make o.s. heard — hacerse oír
the noise made concentration difficult or made it difficult to concentrate — con ese ruido era difícil concentrarse
ill 1., 1), sick 1., 2), unhappy to make sth/sb into sth convertir algo/a algn en algo to make sb do sth (=cause to do sth) hacer a algn hacer algo; (=force to do sth) hacer a algn hacer algo, obligar a algn a hacer algowhy make things difficult for yourself? — ¿por qué te complicas la vida?
to make sb laugh/cry — hacer reír/llorar a algn
now look what you've made me do! — ¡mira lo que me has hecho hacer!
what made you say that? — ¿cómo se te ocurrió decir eso?, ¿por qué dijiste eso?
what makes you do it? — ¿qué es lo que te lleva a hacerlo?
it makes you think, doesn't it? — da que pensar ¿no?
to make o.s. do sth obligarse a hacer algohe made me apologize to the teacher — me hizo pedir perdón or me obligó a pedir perdón al profesor
to make sth do, make [do] with sth arreglárselas or apañárselas con algo to make good [+ promise] cumplir; [+ accusation] hacer bueno, probar; [+ claim] justificar; [+ loss] compensar; [+ damage] reparar; (=pay) pagar make 2. to make sth of sth (=understand)I have to make myself (do it) — tengo que obligarme (a hacerlo), tengo que hacer un esfuerzo (por hacerlo)
what do you make of Anna? — ¿qué piensas de Anna?, ¿qué te parece Anna?
what do you make of this? — ¿qué te parece esto?
(=give importance to)I can't make anything of this letter — no entiendo nada de lo que pone esta carta, no saco nada en claro de esta carta
issue 1., 1)I think you're making rather too much of what I said — creo que le estás dando demasiada importancia a lo que dije
2.INTRANSITIVE VERB (in set expressions)•
to make after sb — perseguir a algn, correr tras algnhe made as if to strike me — hizo como si me fuera a pegar, hizo ademán de pegarme
3.NOUN (=brand) marca fwhat make of car was it? — ¿qué marca de coche era?
- be on the make- make for- make off- make out- make up* * *
I
1. [meɪk]1) (past & past p made) transitive verb2) (create, produce) \<\<paint/cars\>\> hacer*, fabricar*; \<\<dress\>\> hacer*, confeccionar (frml); \<\<meal/cake/sandwich/coffee\>\> hacer*, preparar; \<\<film\>\> hacer*, rodar; \<\<record\>\> grabar; \<\<fire/nest/hole\>\> hacer*; \<\<list/will\>\> hacer*to make a noise — hacer* ruido
made in Spain/Mexico — hecho or fabricado en España/México
made in Argentina/Peru — industria or fabricación argentina/peruana
to make something into something: I'll make this material into a skirt con esta tela me haré una falda; to make something out of/from/of something: she made the dress out of an old sheet se hizo el vestido con/de una sábana vieja; we made another meal from the leftovers hicimos otra comida con las sobras; it's made of wood/plastic es de madera/plástico; don't make an enemy of her — no te la eches encima como enemiga; see also difference 1) b), fuss I, mess I 1), 2)
3)a) ( carry out) \<\<repairs/changes/payment\>\> hacer*, efectuar* (frml); \<\<preparations/arrangements\>\> hacer*; \<\<journey\>\> hacer*make a left (turn) here — (AmE) dobla or gira a la izquierda aquí
b) \<\<remark/announcement\>\> hacer*4) ( cause to be)I'll make you happy/rich — te haré feliz/rica
that made me sad — eso me entristeció or me apenó
the work made me thirsty/sleepy — el trabajo me dio sed/sueño
what makes me angry is... — lo que me da rabia es...
they've made him supervisor — lo han nombrado supervisor, lo han ascendido a supervisor
if nine o'clock is too early, make it later — si las nueve es muy temprano, podemos reunirnos (or encontrarnos etc) más tarde
two large pizzas..., no, make that three — dos pizzas grandes..., no, mire, mejor déme tres
5)a) ( cause to) hacer*whatever made you do it? — ¿por qué lo hiciste?, ¿qué te llevó a hacer eso?
b) ( compel) obligar* a, hacer*she was made to apologize — la obligaron a or la hicieron pedir perdón
c) (in phrases)to make believe: you can't just make believe it never happened no puedes pretender que no sucedió, no puedes hacer como si no hubiera sucedido; to make do (with something), to make something do — arreglárselas con algo
6)a) (constitute, be) ser*b) (equal, amount to) ser*five plus five makes ten — cinco y or más cinco son diez
7) ( calculate)what do you make the total? — ¿(a ti) cuánto te da?
what time do you make it, what do you make the time? — ¿qué hora tienes?
8) ( make fuss)I think you're making too much of what she said — creo que le estás dándo demasiada importancia a lo que dijo
9)a) ( understand)to make something of something: I could make nothing of the message no entendí el mensaje; make of that what you will — tú saca tus propias conclusiones
b) ( think)to make something of somebody/something: what did you make of him? ¿qué te pareció?; I don't know what to make of it — no sé qué pensar
10)a) (gain, earn) \<\<money\>\> hacer*they made a loss/profit — perdieron/ganaron dinero
they made a profit of $20,000 — ganaron or sacaron 20.000 dólares
how much did you make on the deal? — ¿cuánto sacaste or ganaste con el trato?
b) ( acquire) \<\<friends\>\> hacer*I made a few acquaintances there — conocí a or (frml) trabé conocimiento con algunas personas allí
to make a name for oneself — hacerse* un nombre
11) (colloq) (manage to attend, reach)to make it: he'll never make it as a doctor nunca será un buen médico; they made it through to the finals — llegaron a la final
12) ( assure success of)if you go to Harvard, you're made for life — si vas a Harvard, tienes el futuro asegurado
to make or break something/somebody — ser* el éxito o la ruina de algo/alguien
2.
vi1) ( make preliminary move)to make as if o as though to + inf — hacer* ademán de + inf
2) (move, proceed)they made toward the door — se dirigieron hacia la puerta; see also make for
•Phrasal Verbs:- make for- make off- make out- make up
II
1) ( brand) marca fwhat make is it? — ¿de qué marca es?
2)to be on the make — (colloq) ( out for gain) estar* intentando sacar tajada (fam); ( looking for a date) estar* de ligue or (AmS) de levante or (Chi) de pinche (fam)
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62 Zögern
I v/i hesitate; (schwanken) waver; er zögerte nicht zu (+ Inf.) he lost no time in (+ Ger.) du darfst nicht zu lange zögern don’t spend too much time thinking about it; was zögerst du noch? why the hesitation?, what’s the problem?* * *das Zögernhesitance* * *Zö|gernnt -s, no plhesitationohne Zö́gern — without hesitation, unhesitatingly
nach langem Zö́gern — after hesitating a long time
* * *1) (to hesitate or be unwilling: The soldiers all hung back when the sergeant asked for volunteers.) hang back2) (to stumble or hesitate: She walked without faltering.) falter3) (the tendency to hesitate.) hesitancy4) (an act of hesitating.) hesitation5) (unwillingness or uncertainty.) hesitation6) (to pause briefly eg because of uncertainty: He hesitated before answering; The diver hesitated for a minute on the diving-board.) hesitate7) (to be unwilling (to do something) eg because one is not sure it is right: I hesitate to say he lied but he certainly misled me; Don't hesitate to tell me if you have any complaints.) hesitate* * *Zö·gern<-s>[ˈtsø:gɐn]nt kein pl hesitation no plohne langes \Zögern without hesitating for a long time [or [a moment's] hesitation]* * *intransitives Verb hesitate* * *ohne Zögern unhesitatingly, without (a moment’s) hesitation;nach anfänglichem Zögern after some hesitation* * *intransitives Verb hesitate* * *n.hesitancy n.hesitation n.indecision n.indecisions n. -
63 zögern
I v/i hesitate; (schwanken) waver; er zögerte nicht zu (+ Inf.) he lost no time in (+ Ger.) du darfst nicht zu lange zögern don’t spend too much time thinking about it; was zögerst du noch? why the hesitation?, what’s the problem?* * *das Zögernhesitance* * *Zö|gernnt -s, no plhesitationohne Zö́gern — without hesitation, unhesitatingly
nach langem Zö́gern — after hesitating a long time
* * *1) (to hesitate or be unwilling: The soldiers all hung back when the sergeant asked for volunteers.) hang back2) (to stumble or hesitate: She walked without faltering.) falter3) (the tendency to hesitate.) hesitancy4) (an act of hesitating.) hesitation5) (unwillingness or uncertainty.) hesitation6) (to pause briefly eg because of uncertainty: He hesitated before answering; The diver hesitated for a minute on the diving-board.) hesitate7) (to be unwilling (to do something) eg because one is not sure it is right: I hesitate to say he lied but he certainly misled me; Don't hesitate to tell me if you have any complaints.) hesitate* * *Zö·gern<-s>[ˈtsø:gɐn]nt kein pl hesitation no plohne langes \Zögern without hesitating for a long time [or [a moment's] hesitation]* * *intransitives Verb hesitate* * *du darfst nicht zu lange zögern don’t spend too much time thinking about it;was zögerst du noch? why the hesitation?, what’s the problem?* * *intransitives Verb hesitate* * *n.hesitancy n.hesitation n.indecision n.indecisions n. -
64 gå
4идти́, ходи́ть; отправля́тьсяtóget går (klókken seks) — по́езд отхо́дит (в шесть часо́в)
úret går — часы́ иду́т
gå på besǿg — ходи́ть в го́сти
hvordán går det dig [Dem]? — как твои́ [ва́ши] дела́?, как пожива́ете?
det går godt — (дела́ иду́т) хорошо́!
gå i skóle — ходи́ть в шко́лу
gå på árbejde — ходи́ть на рабо́ту
* * *elapse, extend, go, march, on, play, reach, roll, run, strike, tread, walk* * *vb (gik, gået) go;( gå på sine ben) walk;( om tid) go, pass, go by;( spilles, opføres) be on ( fx there is a good film on at the Palladium), run ( fx the play ran for six months; is that film still running?),(mere F) be played, be performed;( sælges) sell, be sold;(gram.: bøjes) go, be inflected;( være passende) do;( rækkes fra hånd til hånd) go round, pass;( gå i stykker) go, break;( gå på pension) retire,( træde tilbage fra højere post, og om regering) resign;(om maskineri etc) run ( fx the engine is running smoothly; the drawer( skuffen) runs smoothly; the machine runs by electricity);( om tog) run ( fx the trains did not run on Sundays),( afgå) leave, go ( fx when does the train leave (el. go)? it leaves(el. goes) at 10);(teat) exeunt, exit,( i nyere stykker oftest) they go (, he, she goes) (off stage);[ døren gik] the door opened and shut; somebody came in (, went out);[ møllen går] the mill is turning;[ radioen går hele dagen] the radio is on all day;[ snakken gik] the conversation was in full swing,(dvs sladderen) people were talking;[ snakken gik livligt] the conversation was animated;[ der er gået tre trumfer] three trumps are out (el. have gone);[ med adv, pron etc:][ blive gået](dvs afskediget) be retired;[ det gik helt anderledes] it turned out quite differently;[ det er gået dårligt for mig] things have gone badly with me, I have had bad luck;(mht helbred) he was in a bad way;[ det gik dårligt med foretagendet] the enterprise did not succeed;[ gå fri] escape,( få lov at slippe) be let off;[ uret går godt] the watch keeps good time;[ det går godt med ham, det går ham rigtig godt] he is doing well;[ forretningen går godt] the business is thriving;[ hvordan går det ( med helbredet)?] how are you?T how is it going? how goes it?(se også ndf: gå med);[ hvordan det end går] whatever happens;[ den går ikke] that won't do,(= du kan tro nej!) no you don't! nothing doing! I'm not having any![ lad gå!] all right! let it pass![ jeg vil lade det gå for denne gang] I'll overlook it this time;[ lade ham gå](dvs sætte fri) let him go;(dvs lade i fred) leave him alone;[ det går meget let] that is very easy;[ sådan gik det i tre år] things went on like that for three years;[ sådan går det her i verden] that is the way of the world;[ gå tabt] be lost,(se også tabe);[ faste forbindelser med præp og adv:][ gå af]( løsne sig) come off,( om noget limet også) come unstuck;( om skydevåben) go off,( om skud) be fired;( gå på pension) retire,( forløbe) go (el. pass) off;[ hvad går der af ham] what is the matter with him? what has come over him?[ gå af i stilhed] pass off quietly;[ det kan gå af på min gæld] you can deduct it from what I owe you;[ gå an]( være acceptabel) do ( fx will these shoes do?);[ det går an] it will do;[ det går aldrig an] it will never do;[ gå bagover] fall backwards;[ jeg var ved at gå bagover af forbavselse] you could have knocked me down with a feather;[ gå bort] go away;(dø) die, pass away;[` gå efter]( hente) go for, go to fetch,T go and get;( rette sig efter) go by, go on ( fx we have nothing to go by (el.on)), act on ( fx his advice, his recommendation);[gå ` efter]( undersøge) go over ( fx all the details), go into ( fx thematter),(friske el. male op) touch up ( fx an article);( efterkontrollere) go (el. check) over, go (el. check) through;[ hvis det gik efter mit hoved] if I had my way;[ gå efter lyden] go in the direction of the sound;[ gå for]( gælde, regnes for) pass for, be supposed to be;( blive solgt for) go for;[ hvad går her for sig?] what is going on here?[ hvornår skal det gå for sig?] when is it to come off? when is it to be?[ det går godt for ham] he is doing well;[ intet ville gå for ham] nothing went right for him;[gå foran præp] go before,F precede;adv go (, walk) ahead (el. in front), lead the way;[ gå forbi] pass;[ gå forud for, gå fremfor] precede;(fig) take precedence of (el. over);[gå ` fra]( løsne sig) come loose;( om noget limet) come unstuck;( skulle fradrages) be deducted;(opgive fx eksamen) give up;(opgive studium etc) drop out;[` gå fra]( forlade) leave (behind);( lade i stikken) desert ( fx one's wife);[ gå fra borde], se bord;[ gå fra forstanden], se forstand;(dvs hver til sit) part, separate;(dvs i stykker) go to pieces, split;[ gå fra sit ord] go back on one's word;[ gå frem] advance, go forward;( gøre fremskridt) make progress;( bære sig ad) act,F proceed;[ gå lige frem] walk straight ahead;[ gå fremad] advance,F proceed;( gøre fremskridt) make progress;(dvs det går ham godt) he is getting on;(mht helbredet) his health is improving;( han bliver dygtigere) he is coming on;[ gå hen: gå ubemærket hen] pass off unnoticed;[ gå ikke hen og bliv syg] don't go and be ill;[ han er gået hen og har købt en bil] he's (been and) gone and bought a car;[ gå let hen over] pass lightly over;T skate over;(se også hoved);[ gå hen til ham] go (up) to him; walk over to him;( for at besøge ham) go and see him; look him up;[` gå i]( være klædt i) wear;[gå `i]( lukke sig) close;[han går i sit 50. år] he is in his fiftieth year;[ gå i femte klasse] be in the fifth class;[ hun går lige i folk] people fall for her straight away;[ den slags historier går lige i folk] people lap up that kind of story;[ gå i sig selv] think better of it,F repent;[ planen gik i sig selv igen] the scheme came to nothing;[` gå igen] leave again;[gå ` igen] be repeated,F recur;( om genfærd) walk; haunt the house (, room etc);[ gå igennem] pass (through), go through;( undersøge) go over, go through;( lide) go through,F undergo;( blive vedtaget) be carried, pass, go through;[ ansøgningen gik igennem] the application was granted;[ (radio)udsendelsen gik godt igennem] reception was good;(se også marv);[ gå imod]( i fjendtlig hensigt) go against;( hen imod) go towards;( modarbejde) oppose;[ hvad er der gået dig imod?] what is worrying you? what has upset you?[ alting går mig imod] nothing seems to be going my way;[ gå ind]( træde ind) go in, enter;(om avis etc) cease publication;(se også jagt);[ gå ind ad døren] go in through (, enter by) the door;[ gå ind for]( støtte) support ( fx a proposal),( være fortaler for) be an advocate of ( fx reform), advocate,( anbefale) recommend;[ gå ind for en sag] adopt (el. identify oneself with) a cause;[ gå ind for hans politik] go in for (el. adopt el. advocate) his policy;[ jeg går ind for at] I think that, I vote that;[ gå ind i] go into, enter,(i forening etc) join;[ gå ind i hæren] join the army;(dvs han forstod det) it went right in; he got the message;(dvs de elsker det) they lap up that kind of thing;[ gå ind på]( bevæge sig ind i) enter ( fx enter one's office);( beskæftige sig med) go into ( fx go into details);( give sin tilslutning til) agree to, accept ( fx accept a proposal), fall in with ( fx an arrangement, a joke);[ gå nærmere ind på] go into details about;[ gå ind til de andre] join the others;(se også evig (hvile));[ gå indad]( om dør) open inwards;[ han går indad på fødderne] his feet turn in; he turns in his feet (in walking);[ gå itu] break, come (el. go) to pieces;[ gå med]( ledsage) go with, come with,F accompany;( bære) carry ( fx a pistol, a gas mask, a cane),( være iført) wear ( fx a gas mask, glasses, a ring, a hat);(se også krykke);( om par) go out with,T date ( fx he's dating her);( uddele) deliver ( fx newspapers, milk; bread for a baker);[gå ` med](adv) come with somebody (, me, etc), go along;( forbruges) be consumed, be spent;( blive ødelagt) be destroyed, be lost;[ går du med?] are you coming (too)? are you coming with me (, us)?[ gå med aviser (, mælk)]( også) do a newspaper round (, milk round);[ hvordan går det med ham?] how is he getting on?[ hvordan går det med arbejdet?] how is the work getting on? how are you getting on with your work?[ gå med stok] walk with a stick,( til pynt) carry a stick;[ gå stille med noget] keep something quiet;(se også dør);[ gå med hovedet på skrå] carry one's head on one side;[ sådan går det med de fleste] that is what happens to most people;[ hele dagen gik med at forberede festen] they (, we etc) spent the whole day preparing the party;[ gå med på] agree to ( fx the terms, the plan, the proposal), fall in with ( fx the proposal);(se også værst);[ gå med til](dvs ind på) agree to;[ gå ned] go down,F descend;(om sol etc) set, go down;( om flyvemaskine) land, come down;(om skib etc = synke) go down;( om pris, temperatur etc) fall,( pludseligt) drop;( om teatertæppe) fall, come down;( bukke under) go under, go to the wall,( gå fallit) go under, go bust;(se også I. bakke, flag, I. klap);[gå `om]( gå omkring) walk about,( blive rakt rundt) go round;( udføres på ny) be repeated;( i skole) repeat a class (, a year);( om eksamen) retake (, kun skriftlig: resit) an examination,( med objekt) retake (, resit) ( fx it is not possible to retake single papers);[ lade kanden gå om] pass the jug;[ kanden gik om] the jug went round;[gå 3. klasse om] repeat the third class;[ gå omkring] walk about;[ der går en mur omkring byen] there is a wall round the town;[ gå omkring i gaderne] walk about the streets;[ gå op]( stige, også om pris) rise, go up;( pludseligt) fly open;( om sammenføjning) come apart, give way;(om knude etc) come undone,( om noget limet) come unstuck;( om regnestykke) come out, come right;( om kabale) come out;( om teatertæppe) rise;(om fly etc) take off;( om regnestykke) get out;(fig) it amounts to the same thing;( vi er kvit) we are quits;[ det gik op for mig at] I came to realize that, it dawned upon me that;[ gå op i](dvs interessere sig for) be absorbed in; give one's mind to;( gå helt op i) devote oneself to;( til eksamen) do an examination in a subject;[ selskabet er gået op i et andet] the company has become merged in another;[ to går op i fire] two will go into four; four is divisible by two;[ gå op i sin rolle] identify oneself with one's part;(se også I. lue, røg, I. spids);[gå op med 6%] rise (el. go up) by 6%;[ gå op til eksamen], se eksamen;[ gå over]( fra side til side) cross ( fx let us cross here), walk across;( fortage sig) pass off, wear off;( gå itu) break (in two),( pludseligt, med et smæld) snap;( overskride), se ndf: gå ud over;[ gå over i] pass into;[ gå over i historien], se historie;[ gå over på andre hænder] pass into other hands; change hands;[ gå over til] go over to ( fx the enemy; a Liberal MP went over to the Conservatives),(neds) defect to ( fx he defected to the rebels);( en mening) come round to;( en religion) go over to, be converted to;( anden virksomhed, andet emne) pass on to;( udvikles til) become, pass into;[ gå over til katolicismen] join (el. go over to) the Roman Catholic Church;[gå `på]( tage fat) go ahead, go on;( angribe) go for him (, them etc);( ske) happen ( fx it does not happen often);(om handske etc) go on;[` gå på](dvs angå) concern; be aimed at;[ den går han ikke `på] he won't swallow (el. S buy) that; that won't go down with him;[ det er hårdt at gå `på] it is tough luck;(se også løs);[ han lod sig ikke gå `på](dvs veg ikke) he stood his ground (like a man);(dvs genere) he did not turn a hair;[ det skal du ikke lade dig gå på af] don't let it get you down;[ der går 100 p på et pund] there are a hundred pence to a pound;[ gå rundt] walk about, go round;(se også rundt);[` gå sammen] walk (, leave) together;( om par) go out together,T date ( fx they have been dating for over a year);(dvs gøre det i fællesskab) do it together;[ gå sammen om at] join together to,(dvs skyde penge sammen) club together to ( fx buy him a present);[ gå sammen med dem om at] join forces with them to;[gå ` til]( fremskynde sin gang) walk faster,F quicken one's pace;( ske) come about, come (to pass), happen ( fx how did it happen? how did it come about that he was told? how did he come to lose themoney?);( kræves) be required,( forbruges) be spent, be consumed;( om fodtøj) break in ( fx new boots, new shoes);[ gå til den]T go it;[ det gik hedt til] feelings ran high,T the fur really flew;[ det gik livligt til] things got lively;[ det gik underligt til med den sag] it was a queer business;[ jeg er ved at gå ` til af varme] this heat is getting too much for me (el.is getting me down);valg);[ gå tilbage] go back,(især mil.) retreat;(fig) decline; fall off ( fx membership ( medlemstallet) fell off);[ lade handelen gå tilbage] call off the deal;[ det er gået tilbage for ham] he has come down in the world;[ vær venlig at gå tilbage i vognen!] pass right along the bus, please![ det går tilbage med ham] he is falling off; he is losing his grip;[ gå tilbage til] return to, go back to,( skrive sig fra) date from ( fx the house dates from the 17thcentury);[ gå ud] go out ( fx they go out a lot);( om planter) die;( udgå) be omitted, be left out, be dropped;[ gå ud ad døren] go out of the door;[ gå ud af] go out of, leave ( fx the room, school);[ gå ud fra]( forudsætte) assume, understand, take for granted ( fx I took it for granted that you would agree);( også) I take it that;[ gå ud fra en urigtig forudsætning] act on a wrong assumption;[ gå ud med én] go out with somebody;[ gå ud over](dvs overskride) go beyond ( fx what is reasonable), pass,F exceed ( fx all bounds alle grænser);( også) his work suffers;[ hans ondskab gik ud over ham selv] his malice rebounded on him;[ dette vil gå ud over ham] he will be the one to suffer for this;(dvs når noget går én imod) take it out on somebody else;[ lade sit raseri gå ud over] vent one's rage on;[ gå ud på]( tilsigte) aim at,( udtrykke) be to the effect (that);[ det går ud på at] the idea is that;[ hans stræben går ud på] his object (el. aim) is;[ jeg så hvad alt dette gik ud på] I perceived the drift of all this;[ jeg ved hvad dine ønsker går ud på] I know what your wishes are;[ gå uden om] walk (, go) round ( fx a hole in the road);(fig) get round ( fx the difficulty);( prøve at undgå) sidestep ( fx a problem),F evade ( fx the difficulty, the question);[ gå langt uden om én] give somebody a wide berth;[ gå udenom] go round ( fx the gate was shut so we had to go round),(fig: om sagens kerne) beat about the bush;[gå ` under](mar) go down,F founder;( bukke under) go under, go to the wall;( blive ødelagt) be destroyed;[ hvis verden går under] if the world comes to an end;(se også navn); -
65 या _yā
या 2 P. (याति, ययौ, अयासीत्, यास्यति, यातुम्, यात)1 To go, move, walk, proceed; ययौ तदीयामवलम्ब्य चाङ्गुलिम् R.3.25; अन्वग्ययौ मध्यमलोकपालः 2.16.-2 To march against, invade; तदा यायाद् विगृह्यैव व्यसने चोत्थिते रिपोः Ms. 7.183.-3 To go to, march towards, set out for (with acc., dat. or with प्रति).-4 To pass away, withdraw, depart; यातु प्रस्तुतमनुसंधीयताम् H.3. 'let it go or pass, never mind it'-5 To vanish, disappear; यातस्तवापि च विवेकः Bv.1.66; भाग्यक्रमेण हि धनानि भवन्ति यान्ति Mk.1. 13.-6 To pass away or by, elapse (as time); यौवन- मनिवर्ति यातं तु K. P.1.-7 To last.-8 To happen, come to pass.-9 To go or be reduced to any state, be or become (usually with the acc. of abstract noun).-1 To undertake; न त्वस्य सिद्धौ यास्यामि सर्गव्यापारमात्मना Ku.2.54.-11 To have carnal intercourse with.-12 To request, implore.-13 To find out, discover.-14 To behave, act. (The meanings of या, like those of गम्, are variously modified according to the noun with which it is connected; e. g. नाशं या to be destroyed; वाच्यतां या to incur blame or censure; लघुतां या to be slighted; प्रकृतिं या to regain one's natural state; निद्रां या to fall asleep; वशं या to submit, go into one's possession; उदयं या to rise; अस्तं या to set, decline; पारं या to reach the other side of, to master, surmount, get over; पदं या to attain to the position of; अग्रे या to go before, take the lead, lead; अधो या to sink; विपर्यासं या to undergo a change, to be changed in appearance; शिरसा महीं या to bend the head down to the ground &c.). -Caus. (यापयति-ते)1 To cause to go or proceed.-2 To remove, drive away; प्रमदया मदयापितलज्जया R.9.31.-3 To spend, pass (time); तावत् कोकिल विरसान् यापय दिवसान् Bv.1.7; Me.91.-4 To live or spend time with; विनयादिव यापयन्ति ते धृतराष्ट्रात्मजमात्मसिद्धये Ki.2.45.-5 To support, nourish.-6 To give send- off; स्नेहप्रक्लिन्नहृदयो यापयामास कोशलः Bhāg.1.58.52. -Desid. (यियासति) To wish to go, to be about to go &c. - With अति1 to go beyond, transgress, violate.-2 to surpass.-अधि to go away or forth; escape; कुतो$ धियास्यसि क्रूर निहतस्तेन पत्रिभिः Bk.8.9. -
66 HAFA
* * *(hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);hafa elda, to keep up a five;2) to hold, celebrate (hafa vinaboð, blót, þing);3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit);orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;hafa tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;5) to have, hold, maintain;hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;hafa hættumikit, to run a great risk;hafa heilindi, to have good health;6) to bring, carry;hafa e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;hafa sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;7) to take, carry off;troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;8) to get, gain, win;hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures;hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victor;hafa meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day;hafa betr (verr), to get the better (worse) of it;hafa sitt mál, to win one’s suit;hafa tafl, to win the game;hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed;hafa bana, to suffer death, to die;hafa sigr, to be worsted;hafa góðar viðtökur, to be well received;hafa tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one;hafa sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one;with gen., hafa e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we shall not catch him at present;9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons);hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle;hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand;10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.;hafa vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse;hafa sik vel, to behave;hafa vel, to be well off or happy;hafa hart, to be in a wretched plight;11) with infin., hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale;lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right;12) hafa e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru);hafa nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.;nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape;svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating;13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?;ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man;later with indecl. neut. pp.;hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?;14) with preps.:hafa e-t at, to do, act;hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely;absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?;hafa e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target);hafa e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at;hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of;hafa sakir á e-n have charges against one;hafa á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off;hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one;hafa e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth;hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit;var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done;hafa e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (hafa í frammi kúgan);ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties;hafa e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true;eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge;hafa e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with;hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one;hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand;höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands;hafa ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik);hafa e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for;vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there;hafa mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case;hafa e-t til, to have at hand, possess;orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used;keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much;hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one;hafa e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (hafa uppi fœri, net);Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe;hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel;hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game;hafa e-n uppi, to bring one to light;hafa uppi rœður, to begin a discussion;hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished (hafa úti sitt dagsverk);hafa við e-m, to be a match for one;hafa sik við, to exert oneself;hafa mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display;hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it;hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly;haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons;15) refl., hafast.* * *pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. capere, incipere; but in sundry cases, as will be seen below, it passes into the sense of this latter word; as also in some instances into that of another lost strong verb, hafa, hóf, to behave, and hœfa, to hit]:—to have.A. To have; hann hafði með sér ekki meira lið, Fms. i. 39; hafði hverr hirð um sik, 52; höfðu þeir áttján skip, viii. 42; Sverrir hafði tvau hundrað manna, … þeir höfðu annan samnað á landi, 328; hann hafði mikit lið ok frítt, x. 36; þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór, 102; hafa fjölmennar setur, Eb. 22; hann hafði menn sína í síldveri, Eg. 42; mun ek naut hafa þar sem mér þykkir hagi beztr, 716.II. to hold:1. to keep, celebrate; hafa ok halda, Dipl. i. 6; hafa átrúnað, 10; hafa dóma, 12; hafa blót, Fms. iv. 254; hafa vina-veizlu, id.; hafa vina-boð, Nj. 2; hafa Jóla-boð, Eg. 516; hafa þing, Fms. ix. 449; hafa haust-boð, Gísl. 27; hafa drykkju, Eb. 154; hafa leik, Fms. x. 201, passim.2. to hold, observe; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; skal þat hafa, er stendr …, Grág. i. 7; skal þat allt hafa er finsk á skrá þeirri …, id.; en hvatki es mis-sagt es í fræðum þessum, þá es skylt at hafa þat (to keep, hold to be true) es sannara reynisk, Íb. 3; ok hafða ek (I kept, selected) þat ór hvárri er framarr greindi, Landn. 320, v. l.3. to hold, keep, retain; ef hann vill hafa hann til fardaga, Grág. i. 155; skal búandinn hafa hann hálfan mánuð, 154; ok hafði hvárr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; hitt skal hafa er um fram er, Rb. 56; kasta í burt þrjátigi ok haf þat sem eptir verðr, 494.4. to hold an office; hafa lögsögu, to hold the office of lögsaga, Íb. passim; hafa jarldóm, konungdóm, passim; þat höfðu haft at fornu Dana-konungar, Eg. 267; þér berit konunga-nöfn svá sem fyrr hafa haft ( have had) forfeðr yðrir, en hafit lítið af ríki, Fms. i. 52; hafa ríki, to reign, Hkr. pref.5. phrases, hafa elda, to keep a fire, cook, Fms. xi. 129; hafa fjárgæzlu, to tend sheep, Eg. 740; hafa embætti með höndum, Stj. 204; hafa gæzlur á e-u, Fms. ix. 313; hafa … vetr, to have so many winters, be of such an age (cp. Fr. avoir … ans), Íb. 15; margir höfðu lítið fátt þúsund ára, Ver. 7: hafa vörn í máli, Nj. 93; hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, Fms. viii. 280, ix. 239; hafa e-t á höndum, Grág. i. 38; hafa fyrir satt, to hold for true, Fms. xi. 10; hafa við orð, to intimate, suggest, Nj. 160; hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of, Fas. i. 318.6. with prepp. or infin.,α. with prep.; hafa til, to have, possess; ef annarr þeirra hefir til enn annarr eigi, þá er sá skyldr til at fá honum er til hefir, Grág. i. 33; ef annarr hefir til …, id.; þér ætlið at ek muna eigi afl til hafa, Ld. 28.β. with infin.; hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping, Eg. 500; lög hafit þér at mæla, you have the law on your tongue, i. e. you are right, Nj. 101; hörð tíðindi hefi ek at segja þér, 64; sá er gripinn hefir at halda, Grág. i. 438; hafa at selja, to have on sale, Ld. 28.III. to use; var haft til þess sker eitt, Eb. 12; þá höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót, Fms. vii. 193; er þín ráð vóru höfð, that thy advice was taken, Fs. 57; Gríss hafði þessi ráð, Fms. iii. 21; ek vil at þat sé haft er ek legg til, x. 249; þykki mér þú vel hafa ( make good use of) þau tillög er ek legg fyrir þik, xi. 61; til þess alls er jarli þótti skipta, þá hafði hann þessa hluti, 129; tvau ný (net), ok hafa eigi höfð verit ( which have not been used), haf þú ( take) hvárt er þú vilt, Háv. 46; þær vil ek hafa enar nýju, en ek vil ekki hætta til at hafa enar fornu, id.; önnur er ný ok mikil ok hefir ( has) til einskis höfð ( used) verið, id.; buðkr er fyrir húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; gjalda vápn þau er höfð eru, N. G. L. i. 75; þat hafði hann haft ( used) fyrir skála, Edda 29; þeir vóru hafðir til at festa með hús jafnan, Nj. 118; sá hólmr var hafðr til at …, Fms. i. 218; hann skyldi hafa hinn sama eið, x. 7; orð þau sem hann hafði ( had) um haft ( used), Nj. 56; orð þau er hann hafði ( made use of) í barnskírn, K. Þ. K. 14.2. more special phrases; hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one, Nj. 224; hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one, 223; allmikil fjölkyngi mun vera við höfð áðr svá fái gört, Edda 27; hafa mörg orð um e-t, Ld. 268; hafa tvímæli á e-u, to discuss, doubt, speak diffidently of a thing, Lv. 52; hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words, Nj. 89; hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, to take the Lord’s name in vain, Fms. i. 310; (hann var) mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in lawsuits, Dropl. 8: hafa sik til e-s, to use oneself to a thing, i. e. to do a mean, paltry thing; þeir er til þess vilja hafa sik, at ganga í samkundur manna úboðit, Gþl. 200; ef hann vill sik til þessa hafa, Fms. i. 99: hafa sik við, to exert oneself; skaltú ok verða þik við at hafa um þetta mál, ef þú getr þat af þér fært, Grett. 160: hafa e-n at skotspæni, to use one as a target, Nj. 222; hafa e-n at hlífi-skildi sér, to use one as a shield, 262; hafa e-n at ginningar-fifli, auga-bragði, háði, hlátri, Hm. 133, Nj. 224, passim.IV. to have, hold, maintain, of a state or condition; hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one, Sks. 662; hafa vanmátt, to continue sick, Eg. 565; hafa hættu-mikit, to run a great risk, Nj. 149; hafa vitfirring, to be insane, Grág. i. 154; hafa heilindi, to have good health, 26, Hm. 67; hafa burði til e-s, to have the birthright to a thing. Eg. 479; hafa hug, áræði, hyggindi, to have the courage …, Hom. 28; hafa vit ( to know), skyn, greind … á e-u, to have understanding of a thing; hafa gaman, gleði, skemtun, ánægju af e-u, to have interest or pleasure in a thing; hafa leiða, ógeð, andstygð, hatr, óbeit á e-u, to dislike, be disgusted with, hate a thing; hafa elsku, mætr, virðing á e-u, to love, esteeem … a thing; hafa allan hug á e-u, to bend the mind to a thing; hafa grun á e-m, to suspect one; hafa ótta, beyg af e-u, to fear a thing; and in numberless other phrases.2. with prepp.:α. hafa e-t frammi (fram), to carry out, hold forth; hafa frammi róg, Nj. 166; hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit, 101; stefnu-för, 78; heitstrengingar, Fms. xi. 103; ok öll lögmælt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all one’s official duties, 232; var um búit en ekki fram haft, all was made ready, but nothing done, viii. 113; beini má varla verða betri en hér er frammi hafðr, xi. 52; hafðú í frammi ( use) kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215; margir hlutir, þó at hann hafi í frammi, Sks. 276.β. hafa mikit, lítið fyrir e-u, to have much, little trouble about a thing; (hence fyrir-höfn, trouble.)γ. hafa við e-m (afl or the like understood), to be a match for one, Fms. vii. 170, Lv. 109, Nj. 89, Eg. 474, Anal. 176; hafa mikit, lítið við, to make a great, little display; (hence við-höfn, display, pomp); hann söng messu ok hafði mikit við, he sang mass and made a great thing of it, Nj. 157; þú hefir mikit við, thou makest a great show of it, Boll. 351; hann bað jarl leita, hann hafði lítið við þat, he did it lightly, Nj. 141; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so, Ld. 182.B. To take, carry off, win, wield, [closely akin to Lat. capere]:I. to catch, take, esp. in the phrase, hafa ekki e-s, to miss one; hann kemsk á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki, he took to the forest and they missed him, Nj. 130; ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we sha’nt catch him at present, Fms. vi. 278; hafða ek þess vætki vífs, Hm. 101; þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik, 95: in swearing, tröll, herr, gramir hafi þik, the trolls, ghosts, etc. take thee! tröll hafi líf, ef …, Kormak; tröll hafi Trefót allan! Grett. (in a verse); tröll hafi þína vini, tröll hafi hól þitt, Nj.; herr hafi Þóri til slægan, confound the wily Thorir! Fms. vi. 278, v. l. (emended, as the phrase is wrongly explained in Fms. xii. Gloss.); gramir hafi þik! vide gramr.II. to carry, carry off, bring; hafði einn hjartað í munni sér, one carried the heart off in his mouth, Nj. 95; hann hafði þat ( brought it) norðan með sér, Eg. 42; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi, 4; hann hafði með sér skatt allan, 62; skaltú biðja hennar ok hafa hana heim hingat, Edda 22; fé þat er hann hafði ( had) út haft ( carried from abroad), Gullþ. 13; á fimm hestum höfðu þeir mat, Nj. 74; bókina er hann hafði ( had) út haft, Fms. vii. 156; konungr hafði biskup norðr til Björgynjar með sér, viii. 296; biskup lét hann hafa með sér kirkju-við ok járn-klukku, Landn. 42; hann hafði með sér skulda-lið sitt ok búferli, Eb. 8; hann tók ofan hofit, ok hafði með sér flesta viðu, id.; ok hafa hana í brott, Fms. i. 3; tekr upp barnit, ok hefir heim með sér, Ísl. ii. 20; hann hafði lög út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway, Íb. 5; haf þú heim hvali til bæjar, Hým. 26; ok hafa hann til Valhallar, Nj. 119.III. to take, get; hann hafði þá engan mat né drykk, he took no food nor drink, Eg. 602; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep, Bs. i. 139.2. to get, gain, win; öfluðu sér fjár, ok höfðu hlutskipti mikit, Eg. 4; eigi þarftú at biðja viðsmjörs þess, þvíat hann mun þat alls ekki hafa, né þú, for neither he nor thou shall get it, Blas. 28; jarl vill hafa minn fund, he will have a meeting with me, 40, Skv. 1. 4: the sayings, hefir sá jafnan er hættir, he wins that risks, ‘nothing venture, nothing have,’ Hrafn. 16; sá hefir krás er krefr, Sl. 29.3. phrases, hafa meira hlut, to get the better lot, gain the day, Nj. 90, Fms. xi. 93; hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victory, ix. 132, Eg. 7, Hkr. i. 215, Ver. 38; hafa betr, to get the better; hafa verr, miðr, to have the worst of it, Fms. v. 86, Þorst. S. St. 48, passim; hafa mál sitt, to win one’s suit, Grág. i. 7, Fms. vii. 34; hafa kaup öll, to get all the bargain, Eg. 71; hafa tafl, to win the game, Fms. vii. 219; hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed, Þkv. 10, 11, Fas. ii. 517: hafa bana, to have one’s bane, to die, Nj. 8; hafa úsigr, to be worsted, passim; hafa úfrið, to have no peace; hafa gagn, sóma, heiðr, neisu, óvirðing, skömm, etc. af e-u, to get profit, gain, honour, disgrace, etc. from a thing; hafa e-n í helju, to put one to death, Al. 123; hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue him, Nj. 95, 128; höfum eigi, sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands, Fms. v. 294.4. to get, receive; hann hafði góðar viðtökur, Nj. 4; hón skal hafa sex-tigi hundraða, 3; skyldi Högni hafa land, 118; selja skipit, ef hann hafði þat fyrir ( if he could get for it) sem hann vildi; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, hann kvaðsk vildu fyrir hafa land, 259; hafa tíðindi, sögur af e-m, to have, get tidings of or from one, Ld. 28; hafa sæmd, metorð óvirðing, to get honour, disgrace from one’s hands, Nj. 101; hafa bætr, to get compensation, Grág. i. 188; hafa innstæðuna eina, id.; hafa af e-m, to have the best of one, cheat one.IV. to carry, wear, of clothes, ornaments, weapons:1. of clothes, [cp. Lat. habitus and Icel. höfn = gear]; hafa hatt á höfði, Ld. 28; hafa váskufl yztan klæða, … þú skalt hafa undir ( wear beneath) hin góðu klæði þín, Nj. 32; hann hafði blán kyrtil, … hann hafði svartan kyrtil, Boll. 358; hafa fald á höfði, to wear a hood; hón hafði gaddan rautt á höfði, Orkn. 304; hann hafði um sik breitt belti, he wore a broad belt, Nj. 91; hafa fingr-gull á hendi, 146: to have about one’s person, vefja saman ok hafa í pungi sínum, Edda 27; hlutir sem mönnum var títt at hafa, Fms. xi. 128.2. of weapons, to wield, carry; spjót þat er þú hefir í hendi, Boll. 350; hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand, Fms. xi. 129; hafa staf í hendi, to have a stick in the hand, Bárð.; Gunnarr hafði atgeirinn ok sverðit, Kolskeggr hafði saxit, Hjörtr hafði alvæpni, Nj. 93; hann hafdi öxi snaghyrnda, Boll. 358; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, he held the lance in rest, Eg. 532.V. here may be added a few special phrases; hafa hendr fyrir sér, to grope, feel with the hands (as in darkness); hafa vit fyrir sér, to act wisely; hafa at sér hendina, to draw one’s hand back, Stj. 198; hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one, Konr.; hafa e-t yfir, to repeat (of a lesson): hafa sik, to betake oneself; hafa sik til annarra landa, Grett. 9 new Ed.; hann vissi varla hvar hann átti at hafa sik, he knew not where ( whither) to betake himself, Bs. i. 807; hefir hann sik aptr á stað til munklífisins, Mar.C. Passing into the sense of hefja (see at the beginning); hafa e-t uppi, to heave up, raise; hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel, Fb. ii. 89: hafa uppi færi, net, a fisherman’s term, to heave up, take up the net or line, Háv. 46; Skarphéðinn hafði uppi ( heaved up) öxina, Nj. 144: hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game, Vápn. 29; þar vóru mjök töfl uppi höfð ok sagna-skemtan, Þorf. Karl. 406, v. l.: hafa e-n uppi, to hold one up, bring him to light; svá máttu oss skjótast uppi hafa, Fær. 42: metaph. to reveal, vándr riddari hafði allt þegar uppi, Str. 10.2. with the notion to begin; Bárðr hafði uppi orð sín ( began his suit) ok bað Sigríðar, Eg. 26, Eb. 142; hafa upp stefnu, to begin the summons, Boll. 350; hafa upp ræður, to begin a discussion; ræður þær er hann hafði uppi haft við Ingigerði, Fms. iv. 144, where the older text in Ó. H. reads umræður þær er hann hafði upp hafit (from hefja), 59; cp. also Vsp., þat langniðja-tal mun uppi hafat (i. e. hafit) meðan öld lifir, 16, (cp. upp-haf, beginning); þó at ek hafa síðarr um-ræðu um hann, better þó at ek hafa (i. e. hefja) síðarr upp ræðu um hann, though I shall below treat of, discuss that, Skálda (Thorodd) 168; er lengi hefir uppi verit haft síðan (of a song), Nj. 135; cp. also phrases such as, hafa á rás, to begin running, take to one’s heels, Fms. iv. 120, ix. 490; næsta morgin hefir út fjörðinn, the next morning a breeze off land arose, Bs. ii. 48: opp. is the phrase, hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished; hafa úti sitt dags-verk, Fms. xi. 431; hafa úti sekt sína, Grett. 149.D. Passing into the sense of a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf (see at the beginning), to behave, do, act:I. with an adverb, hafa vel, ílla, or the like, to behave, and in some instances to do well or badly, be happy or unhappy,α. to behave; en nú vil ek eigi verr hafa en þú, Fms. iv. 342; þeir sögðu at konungr vildi verr hafa en þeir, 313; hefir þú ílla ór (málum or the like understood) haft við mik, Fs. 140; ólikr er Gísli öðrum í þolinmæði, ok hefir hann betr en vér, Gísl. 28.β. to do so and so (to be happy, unhappy); verr hafa þeir er trygðum slitu, Mkv. 3; ílla hefir sá er annan svíkr, 18; vel hefir sá er þat líða lætr, 6; vel hefir sá ( he is happy) er eigi bíðr slíkt íllt þessa heims, Fms. v. 145; hvílíkt hefir þú, how dost thou? Mar.; hafa hart, to do badly, to be wretched; at sál Þorgils mætti fyrir þær sakir eigi hart hafa, Sturl. iii. 292, Mar.; Ólafr hafði þá hölzti ílla, O. was very poorly, D. N. ii. 156; þykisk sá bezt hafa ( happiest) er fyrstr kemr heim, Fms. xi. 248; þá hefir hann bazt af hann þegir, i. e. that is the best he can do if he holds his tongue, Hm. 19; þess get ek at sá hafi verr ( he will make a bad bargain) er þik flytr, Nj. 128; úlfgi hefir ok vel, the wolf is in a bad plight, Ls. 39; mun sá betr hafa er eigi tekr við þér, id.; betr hefðir þú, ef …, thou wouldest do better, if …, Akv. 16.γ. adding sik; hafa sik vel, to behave well, Fms. x. 415, Stj. 436.II. with the prep. at, to do, act, (hence at-höfn, at-hæfi, act, doing); hann lét ekki til búa vígs-málit ok engan hlut at hafa, Nj. 71; en ef þeim þykkir of lítið féit tekit, þá skulu þeir hafa at hit sama, to act in the same way, Grág. ii. 267; hvatki es þeir hafa at, Fms. xi. 132; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely, Nj. 33; bæði munu menn þetta kalla stórvirki ok íllvirki, en þó má nú ekki at hafa, but there is no help for it, 202; eigi sýnisk mér meðal-atferðar-leysi, at vér höfum eigi at um kvámur hans, i. e. that we submit tamely to his coming, Fs. 32: absol., viltú þess freista, ok vita þá hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see how it will do? Bjarn. 27; en nú skaltú fara fyrir, ok vita hvat at hafi, Bs. i. 712.III. phrases, hafa hátt, to be noisy, talk loud, Fms. i. 66; við skulum ekki hafa hátt ( do not cry loud) hér er maðr á glugganum, a lullaby song; hafa lágt, to keep silent; hafa hægt, to keep quiet; hafa sik á (í) hófi, to compose oneself, Ls. 36; hafa í hótum við e-n, to use threatening ( foul) language, Fb. i. 312; hafa í glett við e-n, to banter one, Fms. viii. 289; hafa íllt at verki, to do a bad deed, Ísl. ii. 184.E. Passing into the sense of the verb hæfa (see at the beginning), to aim at, hit, with dat.:I. to hit; svá nær hafði hausinum, at …, the shot so nearly hit the head, that …, Fms. ii. 272; þat sama forað, sem henni hafði næst váða, those very precipices from which she had so narrow an escape, Bs. i. 200, Fms. ix. 357; nær hafði nú, at skjótr mundi verða okkarr skilnaðr, Al. 124; nær hafði okkr nú, it struck near us, it was a narrow escape, Fms. viii. 281; kvaðsk svá dreymt hafa ( have dreamed), at þeim mundi nær hafa, ix. 387, v. l.; ok er nær hafði at skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of floating, Ld. 58; ok hafði svá nær (it was within a hair’s breadth), at frændr Þorvalds mundu ganga at honum, Nj. 160; ok hafði svá nær at þeir mundi berjask, Íb. 11, cp. Bs. i. 21: the phrase, fjarri hefir, far from it! Edda (in a verse).2. to charge; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed at for that, ‘tis a false charge, Eg. 64; þeim manni er fyrir sökum er hafðr, i. e. the culprit, Grág. i. 29; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á e-u, to make a charge of a thing; það varð ekki á því haft, they could not make a case for a charge of it.II. metaph. to be the ground or reason for, (hence til-hæfa, reason, fact, foundation); til þess ætla vitrir menn þat haft at Ísland sé Tile (i. e. Thule) kallað, at …, learned men suppose that is the reason that Iceland is called Thule, that …, Landn. (pref.); mikit mun til haft, er einmæli er um (there must be some reason for it, because all people say so), Þorgils segir, eigi er fyrir haft ( there is no ground whatever for it), at ek mæla betr fyrir griðum en aðrir menn, Ísl. ii. 379; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sésk, we believe the substance of the story is that men have been seen there, Fms. xi. 158; hvat er til þess haft um þat (what is the truth of the matter?), hefir sundr-þykki orðit með ykkr? Boll. 364: in the saying, hefir hverr til síns ágætis nokkut, every one gets his reputation for something, Nj. 115.2. to happen, coincide; hefir svá til, at hann var þar sjálfr, Fms. xi. 138, v. l.β. the phrase, hafa mikit (lítið) til síns máls, to have much ( little) reason for one’s tale, i. e. to be much, little, in the right, Fms. vii. 221, xi. 138 (v. l.), Nj. 88: um þenna hefir svá stórum, it matters so much with this man, (v. l. for mun stórum skipta), Fms. xi. 311.F. REFLEX. to keep, dwell, abide, but only of a temporary shelter or abode, cp. Lat. habitare, (cp. also höfn, a haven); hann hefsk á náttartíma niðri í vötnum, at night-time he keeps down in the water, Stj. 77: to live, þeir höfðusk mjök í kaupferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling, Hkr. i. 276; hann hafðisk löngum í bænum, Bs. i. 353.β. with prep. við; hér mun ek við hafask ( I will stay here) en þú far til konungs, Fb. ii. 125; hafðisk hann við á skógum eðr í öðrum fylgsnum, 302; því at hann hafðisk þá á skipum við, Fms. viii. 44; hvílsk heldr ok hafsk við í því landi, rest and stay in that land, Stj. 162; Ásgeirr hafðisk við uppi í dalnum, Sd. 154; hafask lind fyrir, to cover oneself with a shield (?), Vsp. 50; hafask hlífar fyrir, to be mailed in armour, Hkm. 11.2. hafask at, to do, behave (cp. D. above); vóru þeir þá svá móðir, at þeir máttu ekki at hafask, Fms. ii. 149; en síðan skulut þér at hafa slíkt sem ek kann fyrir segja, i. 158; þat eitt munu við at hafask, at ek mun betr göra en þú, Nj. 19; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðisk at, Eg. 747.3. hafask vel, to do well, thrive; vaxa ok vel hafask, to wax and do well, Hm. 142; nú er þat bæn mín, at þér hafisk við vel, that you bear yourself well up, Fms. ix. 497; Jungfrúin hafðisk vel við í ferðinni, x. 86; at fé hans mundi eigi hafask at betr at meðal-vetri, Grág. ii. 326.4. recipr., hafask orð við, to speak to one another; ok er þat ósiðlegt, at menn hafisk eigi orð við, Fs. 14; þar til er þeir hafask réttar tölur við, N. G. L. i. 182.II. part. hafandi is used in the sense of having conceived, being with child; þá verit hann varr við at hón var hafandi, 656 B. 14; hón skyldi verða hafandi at Guðs syni, id.; generally, allt þat er hafanda var lét burð sinn ok ærðisk, Fms. vii. 187; svá sem hón verðr at honum hafandi, Stj. 178; (hence barns-hafandi, being with child.)G. The word hafa is in the Icel., as in other Teut. languages, used as an auxiliary verb with a part. pass. of another verb, whereby a compound preterite and pluperfect are formed as follows:I. in transitive verbs with acc. the participle also was put in acc., agreeing in gender, number, and case with the objective noun or pronoun; this seems to have been a fixed rule in the earliest time, and is used so in all old poems down at least to the middle of the 11th century, to the time of Sighvat (circ. A. D. 990–1040), who constantly used the old form,—átt is an apostrophe for átta in the verse Ó. H. 81:1. references from poets, Gm. 5, 12, 16; þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu, Vsp. 2; hverr hefði lopt lævi blandit eðr ætt jötuns Óðs mey gefna, 29; þær’s í árdaga áttar höfðu, 60: ek hafða fengna konungs reiði, Ad. 3; en Grjótbjörn um gnegðan hefir, 18; mik hefir marr miklu ræntan, Stor. 10; þó hefir Míms-vinr mér um fengnar bölva bætr, 22: gaupur er Haraldr hafi sveltar, Hornklofi: Loka mær hefir leikinn allvald, Ýt. 7; sá hafði borinn brúna-hörg, 14; jarlar höfðu veginn hann, 15: ek hef orðinn ( found) þann guðföðr (verða is here used as trans.), Hallfred; höfum kera framðan, id.: hann hefir litnar, sénar, hár bárur, Ísl. ii. 223, thus twice in a verse of A. D. 1002; göngu hefik of gengna, Korm. (in a verse); hann hafði farna för, Hkr. i. (Glum Geirason); ek hefi talðar níu orustur, Sighvat; þú hefir vanðan þik, id.; ér hafit rekna þá braut, Ó. H. 63 (Óttar Svarti); hann hefir búnar okkr hendr skrautliga, Sighvat (Ó. H. 13); þeir hafa færð sín höfuð Knúti, id.; hvar hafit ér hugðan mér sess, id.; hafa sér kenndan enn nørðra heims enda, id.; Sighvatr hefir lattan gram, id.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, Þkv. 7, 8; þú hefir hvatta okkr, Gkv. 6; ek hefi yðr brennda, Am. 39, cp. 56; hefi ek þik minntan, 81; hefir þú hjörtu tuggin, Akv. 36; hefir þú mik dvalðan, Hbl. 51; ek hefi hafðar þrár, I have had throes, Fsm. 51; en ek hann görvan hef-k, svá hefi ek studdan, 12 (verse 13 is corrupt); hann hefir dvalða þik, Hkv. Hjörv. 29; lostna, 30; mik hefir sóttan meiri glæpr, 32; ek hefi brúði kerna, id.; þú hefir etnar úlfa krásir, opt sár sogin, Hkv. 1. 36; sá er opt hefir örnu sadda, 35; hefir þú kannaða koni óneisa, 23; þá er mik svikna höfðut, Skv. 3. 55; hann hafði getna sonu, Bkv. 8; þann sal hafa halir um görvan, Fm. 42; bróður minn hefir þú benjaðan, 25; er hann ráðinn hefir, 37; sjaldan hefir þú gefnar vargi bráðir, Eg. (in a verse).2. references from prose; this old form has since been turned into an indecl. neut. sing. part. -it. The old form was first lost in the strong verbs and the weak verbs of the first conjugation: in the earliest prose both forms are used, although the indecl. is more freq. even in the prose writers, as Íb., the Heiðarv. S., the Miracle-book in Bs., Njála, Ó. H., (Thorodd seems only to use the old form,) as may be seen from the following references, Björn hafði særða þrjá menn, Nj. 262; hann mundi hana hafa gipta honum, 47; hann hafði þá leidda saman hestana, 264: ek hefi sendan mann, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 333; ek nefi senda menn, id.: hafa son sinn ór helju heimtan, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 337; en er þeir höfðu niðr settan sveininn, 349; hann hafði veidda fimm tegu fiska, 350: er þér hefir ílla neisu gorva, Ó. H. 107: þá hefi ek fyrri setta þá í stafrófi, Skálda (Thorodd) 161; þar hefi ek við görva þessa stafi fjóra, id.; hafa hann samsettan, 167: góða fylgd hefir þú mér veitta, Þorst Síðu H. 2: sagði, at Ólafr konungr hafði sendan hann, Bs. i. 11: Þyri, er hertogi hafði festa nauðga, Fms. x. 393 (Ágrip): hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða, v. 236: hefir sólin gengna tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. Þ. K. 92 (Lund’s Syntax, p. 12).β. again, neut. indecl., hana hafði átt fyrr Þoróddr, Ísl. ii. 192: hón hafði heimt húskarl sinn …, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 339; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest minn, 340; hefir þú eigi séð mik, 341; hve hann hafði lokkat hann. id.; gistingar hefi ek yðr fengit, 343: þeir höfðu haft úfrið ok orrostur, Íb. 12; hann hafði tekið lögsögu, 14: stafr er átt hafði Þorlákr, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 340; er þær höfðu upp tekit ketilinn ok hafit …, 342; göngu es hann hafði gingit, 344; es sleggjuna hafði niðr fellt, 346; sem maðr hefði nýsett (hana) niðr, id.; jartein þá er hann þóttisk fingit hafa, 347; hafði prestrinn fært fram sveininn, 349: hjálm er Hreiðmarr hafði átt, Edda 73: hafa efnt sína heitstrenging, Fms. (Jómsv. S.) xi. 141: slíkan dóm sem hann hafði mér hugat, Ó. H. 176, etc. passim:—at last the inflexion disappeared altogether, and so at the present time the indecl. neut. sing. is used throughout; yet it remains in peculiar instances, e. g. konu hefi eg mér festa, Luke xiv. 20, cp. Vídal. ii. 21. ☞ This use of the inflexive part. pass. may often serve as a test of the age of a poem, e. g. that Sólarljóð was composed at a later date may thus be seen from verses 27, 64, 72, 73, 75, 79; but this test is to be applied with caution, as the MSS. have in some cases changed the true forms (-inn, -ann, and -it, -an being freq. abbreviated in the MSS. so as to render the reading dubious). In many cases the old form is no doubt to be restored, e. g. in vegit to veginn, Fm. 4, 23; búit to búinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; borit to borinn, Hkv. 1. 1; beðit to beðinn, Fsm. 48; orðit to orðin, Og. 23; roðit to roðinn, Em. 5; brotið to brotinn, Vkv. 24, etc.: but are we to infer from Ls. 23, 26, 33, that this poem is of a comparatively late age?II. the indecl. neut. sing. is, both in the earliest poems and down to the present day, used in the following cases:1. with trans. verbs requiring the dat. or gen.; ek hefi fengit e-s, hann hafði fengit konu; hafa hefnt e-s, Fms. xi. 25; sú er hafði beðit fjár, Þkv. 32; stillir hefir stefnt mér, Hkv. Hjörv. 33, and so in endless cases.2. in the reflex. part. pass.; þeir (hann) hafa (hefir) látisk, farisk, sagsk, etc.3. in part. of intrans. neut. verbs, e. g. þeir þær (hann, hón), hafa (hefir) setið, staðit, gengit, legit, farit, komit, verit, orðit, lifað, dáit, heitið …, also almost in every line both of prose and poetry.4. in trans. verbs with a neut. sing. in objective case the difference cannot be seen.☞ The compound preterite is common to both the Romance and Teutonic languages, and seems to be older in the former than in the latter; Grimm suggests that it originated with the French, and thence spread to the Teutons. That it was not natural to the latter is shewn by the facts, thatα. no traces of it are found in Gothic, nor in the earliest Old High German glossaries to Latin words.β. in the earliest Scandinavian poetry we can trace its passage from declinable to indeclinable.γ. remains are left in poetry of a primitive uncompounded preterite infinitive, e. g. stóðu = hafa staðit, mundu, skyldu, vildu, etc., see Gramm. p. xxv, col. 2. ☞ We may here note a curious dropping of the verb hefir, at ek em kominn hingat til lands, ok verit áðr ( having been) langa hríð utan-lands, Ó. H. 31, cp. Am. 52; barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju sem Þorvaldr var, Glúm. 382. On this interesting matter see Grimm’s remarks in his Gramm. iv. 146 sqq. -
67 приступать
Приступить к - to embark on, to embark upon, to proceed to, to proceed with, to commit toBritish Gas has embarked on a test program aimed at accurately measuring the performance of compression plant.Before proceeding with a discussion of various methods proposed for the treatment of mean stress effects, it seems appropriate to describe briefly the magnitude of mean stresses.In addition, Allison has recently committed to the design and development of a new small turboshaft engine.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приступать
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68 приступить
Приступить к - to embark on, to embark upon, to proceed to, to proceed with, to commit toBritish Gas has embarked on a test program aimed at accurately measuring the performance of compression plant.Before proceeding with a discussion of various methods proposed for the treatment of mean stress effects, it seems appropriate to describe briefly the magnitude of mean stresses.In addition, Allison has recently committed to the design and development of a new small turboshaft engine.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приступить
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69 struggle
1. intransitive verb1) (try with difficulty) kämpfenstruggle to do something — sich abmühen, etwas zu tun
struggle for a place/a better world — um einen Platz/für eine bessere Welt kämpfen
struggle against or with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas od. gegen jemanden/etwas kämpfen
struggle with something — (try to cope) sich mit etwas quälen; mit etwas kämpfen
I struggled past — ich kämpfte mich vorbei
3) (physically) kämpfen; (resist) sich wehrenstruggle free — freikommen; sich befreien
4) (be in difficulties) kämpfen (fig.)2. noun1) (exertion)it was a long struggle — es kostete viel Mühe
have a [hard] struggle to do something — [große] Mühe haben, etwas zu tun
the struggle for freedom — der Kampf für die Freiheit
2) (physical fight) Kampf, derthe struggle against or with somebody/something — der Kampf gegen od. mit jemandem/etwas
the struggle for influence/power — der Kampf um Einfluss/die Macht
* * *1. verb1) (to twist violently when trying to free oneself: The child struggled in his arms.) zappeln2) (to make great efforts or try hard: All his life he has been struggling with illness / against injustice.) kämpfen3) (to move with difficulty: He struggled out of the hole.) sich quälen2. noun(an act of struggling, or a fight: The struggle for independence was long and hard.) der Kampf- academic.ru/118666/struggle_along">struggle along* * *strug·gle[ˈstrʌgl̩]I. ntrying to accept her death was a terrible \struggle for him ihren Tod zu akzeptieren fiel ihm unendlich schwerthese days it's a desperate \struggle just to keep my head above water im Moment kämpfe ich ums nackte Überleben▪ it is a \struggle to do sth es ist mühsam [o keine leichte Aufgabe], etw zu tunto be a real \struggle wirklich Mühe kosten, sehr anstrengend seinuphill \struggle mühselige Aufgabe, harter Kampfto give up the \struggle to do sth den Kampf um etw akk aufgebenwithout a \struggle kampfloshe put up a desperate \struggle before his murder er hatte sich verzweifelt zur Wehr gesetzt, bevor er ermordet wurde\struggle between good and evil Kampf m zwischen Gut und Bösepower \struggle Machtkampf mII. vihe \struggled along the rough road er kämpfte sich auf der schlechten Straße vorwärtshe \struggled to find the right words es fiel ihm schwer, die richtigen Worte zu findento \struggle to make ends meet Mühe haben, durchzukommento \struggle to one's feet mühsam auf die Beine kommen, sich akk mühsam aufrappeln [o hochrappeln2. (fight) kämpfen, ringen▪ to \struggle against sth/sb gegen etw/jdn kämpfen▪ to \struggle with sth/sb mit etw/jdm kämpfento \struggle for survival ums Überleben kämpfen* * *['strʌgl] Kampf m (for um); (fig = effort) Anstrengung fthe struggle for survival/existence —
the struggle to feed her seven children — der Kampf, ihre sieben Kinder zu ernähren
the struggle to find somewhere to live — der Kampf or die Schwierigkeiten, bis man eine Wohnung gefunden hat
it is/was a struggle — es ist/war mühsam
I had a struggle to persuade him — es war gar nicht einfach, ihn zu überreden
2. vi1) (= contend) kämpfen; (in self-defence) sich wehren; (= writhe) sich winden; (financially) in Schwierigkeiten sein, krebsen (inf); (fig = strive) sich sehr bemühen or anstrengen, sich abmühenthe police were struggling with the burglar — zwischen der Polizei und dem Einbrecher gab es ein Handgemenge
to struggle to do sth — sich sehr anstrengen, etw zu tun
to struggle for sth — um etw kämpfen, sich um etw bemühen
to struggle against sb/sth — gegen jdn/etw kämpfen
to struggle with sth (with problem, difficulty, question) — sich mit etw herumschlagen; with injury, mortgage, debts, feelings mit etw zu kämpfen haben; with doubts, one's conscience mit etw ringen; with luggage, language, subject, homework, words sich mit etw abmühen
to struggle with life — es im Leben nicht leicht haben
are you struggling? — hast du Schwierigkeiten?
can you manage? – I'm struggling — schaffst dus? – mit Müh und Not
he was struggling to make ends meet — er hatte seine liebe Not durchzukommen
2) (= move with difficulty) sich quälento struggle to one's feet — mühsam aufstehen or auf die Beine kommen, sich aufrappeln (inf)
to struggle on (lit) — sich weiterkämpfen; (fig) weiterkämpfen
to struggle along/through (lit, fig) — sich durchschlagen or -kämpfen
* * *struggle [ˈstrʌɡl]A v/ifor um Atem, Macht etc):struggle for words um Worte ringen2. sich sträuben ( against gegen)struggle through sich durchkämpfen;struggle to one’s feet mühsam aufstehen, sich hochrappeln umgB sfor um;with mit):a) BIOL Kampf ums Dasein,b) Existenzkampf* * *1. intransitive verb1) (try with difficulty) kämpfenstruggle to do something — sich abmühen, etwas zu tun
struggle for a place/a better world — um einen Platz/für eine bessere Welt kämpfen
struggle against or with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas od. gegen jemanden/etwas kämpfen
struggle with something — (try to cope) sich mit etwas quälen; mit etwas kämpfen
2) (proceed with difficulty) sich quälen; (into tight dress, through narrow opening) sich zwängen3) (physically) kämpfen; (resist) sich wehrenstruggle free — freikommen; sich befreien
4) (be in difficulties) kämpfen (fig.)2. noun1) (exertion)have a [hard] struggle to do something — [große] Mühe haben, etwas zu tun
2) (physical fight) Kampf, derthe struggle against or with somebody/something — der Kampf gegen od. mit jemandem/etwas
the struggle for influence/power — der Kampf um Einfluss/die Macht
* * *n.Kampf ¨-e m. (for) v.kämpfen (um) v. v.ringen v.(§ p.,pp.: rang, gerungen)strampeln v. -
70 gigno
gigno, gĕnŭi, gĕnĭtum, 3 (archaic primary form of the pres. gĕno, ĕre:I.genit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 19: genunt, Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.:genat,
Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 4: genitur, Auct. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 42, 122; Cic. de Or. 2, 32, 141:genuntur,
Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 3:genamur,
Censor. 3, 1; inf. pass. geni, Lucr. 3, 797; gen. gerund. genendi, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 1:genendo,
Censor. 3, 1; Arn. 4, 21; inf. pres. pass. gignier, Lucr. 3, 623; 6, 246; 807), v. a. [root gen-; Sanscr. ǵan-, ǵanami, beget; gātis, birth; Gr. gen- in gignomai, genos, gunê; Lat. genus, genius, gener, gens; also nascor (gn-; cf. gnatus), natura; cf. gamos, gambros (v. Curt. Gr. Etym. 536); gigno for gigeno, redupl. like gignomai], to beget, bear, bring forth, produce; in pass., to be born, to spring, arise, proceed; of animate and inanimate subjects and objects (syn.: creo, genero, pario).Lit.: Saturno, quem Coelus genuit, Enn. ap. Non. 197, 9 (Ann. v. 27 Vahl.):II.sextus (Hercules) hic ex Alcumena, quem Juppiter genuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42:nec Hecubam causam interitus fuisse Trojanis, quod Alexandrum genuerit, nec Tyndareum Agamemnoni, quod Clytaemnestram,
id. Fat. 15, 34:quaecumque animal pariunt, in capita gignunt,
bring forth their young with the head foremost, Plin. 10, 64, 84, § 183. So of the human mother (mostly post-Aug.):idcirco, inquit Lacaena, genueram (filium),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102:e septem liberis, quos ipsa genuisset, unum superesse,
Curt. 10, 5, 23:rectius Lolliam induci, quando nullos liberos genuisset,
Tac. A. 12, 2 init.; Val. Max. 7, 7, 4; so,ex aliquo,
Curt. 8, 3, 3; Tac. A. 12, 3:pisces ova cum genuerunt, relinquunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:ova,
Plin. 11, 37, 80, § 204:omnia quae terra gignat (shortly before, pariat),
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. Fin. 5, 11, 33: o Romule, Romule die, Qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.); cf.:ut idem deus urbem hanc gentibus, vos huic urbi genuisse videatur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12, 32:ita ut plurimum (aurum) Asturia gignat,
Plin. 33. [p. 815] 4, 21, §78: India eos (beryllos) gignit,
id. 37, 5, 20, § 76:ad majora quaedam natura nos genuit et conformavit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 23:deus animum ex sua mente et divinitate genuit,
id. Univ. 8.— Pass., usu. with abl., of either or both parents:Meri bellatores gignuntur,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85:nuper erat genitus,
Ov. M. 10, 522:qui antecedente anno genitum eum scribant,
Suet. Tib. 5:septimo mense geniti,
Plin. 11, 37, 59, § 158:pellice genitus,
Liv. 40, 9, 2; Suet. Aug. 17:Jove genitus,
Curt. 8, 10, 1; 9, 8, 22:juvenes eadem matre geniti,
id. 6, 14, 4; Liv. 1, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 17; id. Tib. 7; id. Ner. 5 fin.:genitum fratre adoptaverat,
Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 2.—Also with de, ab, ex:De quo Remulusque feroxque Acrota sunt geniti,
Ov. M. 14, 617:genitus de sanguine,
id. ib. 1, 748; id. H. 16, 117:de Jove,
Gell. 13, 1, 3 (cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34):filium ab eo genitum nominare,
Just. 12, 7, 10;but: a se (= ex se) genitum esse Vitellium,
Tac. H. 3, 64:puer ex ea genitus,
Curt. 8, 10, 36:(vacca) e terra genita,
Ov. M. 1, 615:dis genite et geniture deos,
Verg. A. 9, 642:dis genitus,
Quint. 1, 10, 9:adolescentis in omnium virtutum exempla geniti,
Vell. 2, 116, 2:quae in terris gignantur, ad usum hominum omnia creari,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22:nec enim id esset principium, quod gigneretur aliunde,
id. Rep. 6, 25:ubi tus gignitur,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 89:Corycium nemus, ubi crocum gignitur,
Curt. 3, 4 fin. — Poet. with inf.:omne potens animal leti genitumque nocere,
Luc. 6, 485.— Absol.:ut in gignendo, in educando perfacile appareat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 109:hae (mulieres), quae gignunt, imbecillos edunt,
Cels. 2, 1 med.Trop., to produce, occasion, cause:multa nobis blandimenta natura ipsa genuit,
Cic. Cael. 17, 41:haec ipsa virtus amicitiam et gignit et continet,
id. Lael. 6, 20:ludus genuit trepidum certamen et iram, Ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 48:qui genuit in hac urbe dicendi copiam,
Cic. Brut. 73, 255:praeceptiones,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 5:probationes,
Quint. 5, 1, 1:mel gignit insaniam,
Plin. 21, 13, 45, § 177; cf.:baccharis odor somnum gignit,
id. 21, 19, 77, § 132:alium sitim gignit,
id. 20, 6, 23, § 57.—In pass., to be born, to spring, arise, proceed:cum ipse (Cato) sui generis initium ac nominis ab se gigni et propagari vellet,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur et illa injustissima et durissima servitus,
id. Rep. 1, 44:et aegritudines et metus et reliquae perturbationes omnes gignuntur ex ea (intemperantia),
id. Tusc. 4, 9, 22: Plato eas (ideas) gigni negat et ait semper esse, id. Or. 3, 10:ipsi autem intelligamus natura gigni sensum diligendi et benevolentiae caritatem,
id. Lael. 9, 32:odia etiam gigni sempiterna (opp. exstingui familiaritates),
id. ib. 10, 35:in animorum permotione gignenda,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 118:de gignenda et comparanda sapientia,
Gell. 13, 8, 1.—Hence, gignentĭa, ĭum, n. (fruit-bearing), organic bodies, things that grow, as plants, trees, etc.:loca nuda gignentium,
Sall. J. 79, 6:ilex aucta in altitudinem, quo cuncta gignentium natura fert,
id. ib. 93, 4:animam animantium omnium non corpoream esse... omniumque gignentium esse seniorem,
App. Dogm. Plat. p. 193; opp. animalia, Lact. de Ira Dei, 1, 13. -
71 procedo
prō-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n., to go forth or before, to go forwards, advance, proceed (class.; cf.: progredior, prodeo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.procedere ad forum,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 2:illuc procede,
id. Capt. 5, 2, 1:a portu,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1: ante agmen, Hirt. B. G. 8, 27, 4:nil cum procede re lintrem Sentimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 20:pedibus aequis,
Ov. P. 4, 5, 3:passu tacito,
Val. Fl. 5, 351.—In partic.1.In milit. lang., to go or march forwards, to advance, Caes. B. C. 3, 34:2.lente atque paulatim proceditur,
id. ib. 1, 80; id. B. G. 6, 25:agmen procedit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37; Curt. 7, 3, 19:processum in aciem est,
Liv. 25, 21:ipsi jam pridem avidi certaminis procedunt,
id. 3, 62, 6.—Cf. of ships, Caes. B. G. 7, 61; Verg. A. 4, 587.—Of processions, to go on, set forward, move on, advance, etc.:C.funus interim Procedit: sequimur,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 101; Hor. C. 4, 2, 49:tacito procedens agmine,
Sil. 7, 91:vidisti Latios consul procedere fasces,
id. 6, 443.—Transf.1.To go or come forth or out, to advance, issue:b.foribus foras procedere,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 12:castris,
Verg. A. 12, 169:extra munitiones,
Caes. B. G 5, 43:in medium,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94:e tabernaculo in solem,
id. Brut. 9, 37:in pedes procedere nascentem, contra naturam est,
to be born feet first, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:mediā procedit ab aulā,
Ov. M. 14, 46.—In gen., to show one's self, to appear:c.cum veste purpureā procedere,
Cic. Div. 1, 52, 119:obviam alicui procedere,
to go towards, go to meet, id. Sest. 13, 68; cf.:Jugurthae obvius procedit,
Sall. J. 21, 1:obviam,
id. ib. 53, 5:procedat vel Numa,
Juv. 3, 138.—In partic., to issue from the mouth, to be uttered:d.sed interdum voces procedebant contumaces et inconsultae,
Tac. A. 4, 60 init.; Vulg. 1 Cor. 14, 36.—Of stars, etc., to rise, come into view:e. 2.Ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum,
Verg. E. 9, 47:vesper,
id. ib. 6, 86.—Of plants, to put forth, spring forth, grow (ante-class. and in post-Aug. prose):3.antequam radices longius procedere possint,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 5:plerumque germen de cicatrice procedit,
Col. 4, 22, 4:gemma sine dubio processura,
Pall. 7, 5, 3; 8, 3, 1 et saep.—Of place, to project, extend:II.ita ut in pedes binos fossa procedat,
Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159:Lydia super Ioniam procedit,
id. 5, 29, 30, § 110:promuntorium, quod contra Peloponnesum procedit,
id. 4, 2, 3, § 6; Cels. 8, 1.—Trop.A.Of time, to advance, pass, elapse (class.):B.ubi plerumque noctis processit,
Sall. J. 21, 2; Nep. Pel. 3, 3:jamque dies alterque dies processit,
Verg. A. 3, 356:dies procedens,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 22, 53:procedente tempore,
in process of time, Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 17:si aetate processerit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 50:tempus processit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25:procedente die,
Liv. 28, 15; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8:procedunt tempora tarde,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 5:incipient magni procedere menses,
Verg. E. 4, 12:pars major anni jam processerat,
Liv. 3, 37.—To come or go forth, to appear, to present or show one's self ( poet. and post-Aug.):2.nunc volo subducto gravior procedere voltu,
i. e. to conduct myself more gravely, to undertake more serious matters, Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 9:quis postea ad summam Thucydidis, quis Hyperidis ad famam processit?
Petr. 2.—In partic., to go or get on, to advance, make progress (class.; cf.C.proficio): dicendi laude multum,
Cic. Brut. 36, 137:in philosophiā,
id. Fin. 3, 2, 6:honoribus longius,
id. Brut. 48, 180; cf. id. Har. Resp. 23, 48:ad virtutis aditum,
id. Fin. 3, 14, 48:ambitio et procedendi libido,
a passion for getting on, for rising in the world, Plin. Ep 8, 6, 3:longius iras,
Verg. A. 5, 461:perspicuum est, quo compositiones unguentorum processerint,
to what extent, how far, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,
id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:eo vecordiae processit, ut,
went so far in folly, Sall. J. 5, 2:Adherbal, ubi intellegit eo processum,
id. ib. 21, 1; so,processit in id furoris,
Vell. 2, 80, 2:eoque ira processit, ut, etc.,
Liv. 9, 26, 2:ex infimā fortunā in ordinem senatorium, et ad summos honores,
Suet. Rhet. 1, 10.—To run on, continue, remain:D.et cum stationes procederent, prope obruentibus infirmum corpus armis,
i. e. guard duty returned so frequently as to seem continuous, Liv. 5, 48, 7:ut iis stipendia procederent,
id. 25, 5, 8; 27, 11, 14; cf.aera,
id. 5, 7, 12.—To go on, continue, follow; esp. of speech, etc.:E.ad dissuadendum,
Liv. 30, 35; cf. Plaut. Am. prol. 117: non imitor lakônismon tuum:altera jam pagella procedit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 25, 2.—To [p. 1451] turn out, result, succeed, prosper (class.):2.parum procedere,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 48; Liv. 1, 57; 38, 7:nonnumquam summis oratoribus non satis ex sententiā eventum dicendi procedere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 123:alicui pulcherrime,
id. Phil. 13, 19, 40:alicui bene,
id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:omnia prospere procedent,
Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 2.— Impers. (cf. succedo): quibus cum parum procederet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; cf.:velut processisset Spurio Licinio,
Liv. 2, 44, 1.— Absol., to turn out or succeed well:mane quod tu occoeperis negotium agere, id totum procedit diem,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 34:ferme ut quisque quidque occoeperit, sic ei procedunt post principia,
id. ib. 4, 1, 4:Syre, processisti hodie pulcre,
have succeeded finely, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 22:si processit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:quod si consilia Andranodoro processissent,
Liv. 24, 26, 5.—To turn out favorably for, to result in favor of, to benefit, be of use to one:3. F.totidem dies emptori procedent,
Cato, R. R. 148:benefacta mea reipublicae procedunt,
Sall. J. 85, 5; Ov. H. 9, 109.—To go or pass for, to be counted or reckoned as any thing (anteand post-class.):G.ut binae (oves) pro singulis procedant,
shall be reckoned as one, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 5; Dig. 5, 3, 32:quod ita procedit, si ea, cui donabatur, eum interposuit,
ib. 24, 1, 11.—To happen, take place, occur (ante-class.):H.numquid processit ad forum hodie novi?
Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 7.—To come or proceed from, to be derived from (post-class.):res, quae a sacratissimis imperatoribus procedunt,
Cod. Just. 7, 37, 3.— In part. pass.:in processā aetate,
advanced, Scrib. Comp. 100. -
72 go
1. n разг. ход, ходьба; движениеthe boat rolled gently with the come and go of small waves — лодка мягко покачивалась на мелких волнах
on the go — на ходу; на ногах
passing go — решающий ход в настольной игре «го»
2. n разг. обстоятельство, положение; неожиданный поворот делtell me how things go ? — расскажите мне, как идут дела?
3. n разг. попыткаto have a go at — попытаться, рискнуть, попытать счастья
4. n разг. приступ5. n разг. порция6. n разг. сделка, соглашение7. n разг. разг. энергия, воодушевление; рвение; увлечение8. n разг. разг. успех; удача; успешное предприятиеto make a go of it — добиться успеха, преуспеть
he is convinced that he can make a go of it — он уверен, что добьётся в этом деле успеха
9. n разг. редк. походка10. n разг. ход; бросок«мимо»
quite the go — последний крик моды; предмет всеобщего увлечения
first go — первым делом, сразу же
at a go — сразу, зараз
11. a амер. разг. быть в состоянии готовности; работать12. v идти, ходить13. v направляться, следовать; ехать, поехатьto go on a journey — поехать в путешествие; совершать путешествие
to go on a visit — поехать с визитом; поехать погостить
14. v ездить, путешествовать, передвигатьсяto go at a crawl — ходить, ездить или двигаться медленно
15. v ходить, курсировать16. v уходить, уезжатьwe came at six and went at nine — мы пришли в шесть, а ушли в девять
I must be going now, I must be gone — теперь мне нужно уходить
she is gone — она ушла, её нет
17. v отходить, отправлятьсяto go gunning — охотиться, ходить на охоту
18. v двигаться, быть в движенииgo along — идти, двигаться
go forth — быть опубликованным, изданным
19. v двигаться с определённой скоростьюto go along — двигаться дальше; идти своей дорогой
to go nap — поставить всё на карту, идти на большой риск
20. v работать, действовать, функционировать21. v жить, действовать, функционироватьhe manages to keep going — он как-то тянет, ему удаётся держаться
22. v тянуться, проходить, пролегать, простиратьсяmountains that go from east to west — горы, тянущиеся с востока на запад
go by — проходить, проезжать мимо
23. v дотягиваться; доходитьto go to the races — ходить на скачки; ходить на бега
go about — расхаживать, ходить туда и сюда; слоняться
24. v протекать, проходитьvacation goes quickly — не успеваешь оглянуться, а отпуск кончился
I hope all goes well with you — надеюсь, что у вас всё хорошо
how did the voting go? — как завершилось голосование?; каковы результаты голосования?
25. v исчезать; проходить26. v исчезнуть, пропастьthe key has gone somewhere — ключ куда-то распространяться; передаваться
27. v передаваться28. v иметь хождение, быть в обращенииto go out of curl — быть выбитым из колеи; утратить форму
to go to oblivion — быть преданным забвению, быть забытым
29. v идти; брать на себя; решатьсяto go snacks — делить поровну; делиться ; брать свою долю
30. v податься; рухнуть; сломаться, расколотьсяfirst the sail went and then the mast — сперва подался парус, а затем и мачта
there goes another button! — ну вот, ещё одна пуговица отлетела!
31. v потерпеть крах, обанкротитьсяto go phut — лопнуть, потерпеть крах
go to smash — разориться; обанкротиться
to go to smash — разориться, обанкротиться
to go bust — остаться без копейки, обанкротиться
32. v отменяться, уничтожаться33. v отказываться; избавляться34. v быть расположенным, следовать в определённом порядкеto go by the title of … — быть известным под именем …
35. v храниться, находиться; становиться36. v умещаться, укладыватьсяthe thread is too thick to go into the needle — нитка слишком толстая, чтобы пролезть в иголку
37. v равняться38. v заканчиваться определённым результатом39. v гласить, говоритьthe story goes that he was murdered — говорят, что его убили
properly speaking, you ought to go — собственно говоря, вы должны уйти
40. v звучатьthe tune goes something like this … — вот как, примерно, звучит этот мотив
41. v звонитьI hear the bells going — я слышу, как звонят колокола
42. v бить, отбивать время43. v умирать, гибнутьshe is gone — она погибла, она умерла
to go to rack and ruin — обветшать; разрушиться; погибнуть
44. v пройти, быть принятымto take a turn, to go for a turn — пройтись
to go for a trot — быстро пройтись, пробежаться
45. v быть приемлемым46. v разг. выдерживать, терпеть47. v справляться, одолевать48. v ходить определённым шагомgo and see — заходить; зайти; навещать; навестить
go to see — заходить; зайти; навещать; навестить
49. v спариватьсяСинонимический ряд:1. energy (noun) birr; energy; hardihood; pep; potency; tuck2. fling (noun) crack; fling; pop; shot; slap; stab; try; whack; whirl3. occurrence (noun) circumstance; episode; event; happening; incident; occasion; occurrence; thing4. success (noun) arrival; flying colors; prosperity; success; successfulness5. time (noun) bout; hitch; innings; shift; siege; spell; stint; time; tour; trick; turn; watch6. vigor (noun) bang; drive; getup; get-up-and-go; punch; push; snap; starch; vigor; vitality7. agree (verb) accord; agree; check; check out; cohere; comport; conform; consist; consort; correspond; dovetail; fit in; harmonise; harmonize; jibe; march; quadrate; rhyme; square; tally8. bear (verb) abide; bear; brook; digest; endure; lump; stand; stick out; stomach; suffer; support; sustain; swallow; sweat out; take; tolerate9. become (verb) become; come; get; grow; wax10. decline (verb) decline; deteriorate; fade11. depart (verb) depart; exit; get away; get off; leave; pop off; pull out; push off; quit; retire; retreat; run along; shove off; take off; withdraw12. die (verb) cash in; conk; decease; demise; die; drop; expire; go away; go by; pass away; pass out; peg out; perish; pip; succumb13. disappear (verb) disappear; dissolve; vanish14. enjoy (verb) enjoy; like; relish15. fit (verb) belong; fit16. give (verb) bend; break; break down; buckle; cave; cave in; collapse; crumple; fold up; give; yield17. go on (verb) continue; go on; maintain; persist18. go with (verb) go with; suit19. happen (verb) befall; betide; chance; develop; do; fall out; hap; happen; occur; rise; transpire20. make (verb) head; make; set out; strike out21. move (verb) move; travel; walk22. offer (verb) bid; offer23. proceed (verb) advance; cruise; elapse; fare; hie; journey; pass; proceed; progress; push on; wend24. resort (verb) apply; recur; refer; repair; resort; resort to; turn25. run (verb) carry; extend; lead; range; reach; run; stretch; vary26. set (verb) bet; gamble; lay; risk; set; stake; venture; wager27. spend (verb) conclude; consume; exhaust; expend; finish; run through; spend; stop; terminate; use up; wash up28. succeed (verb) arrive; click; come off; come through; flourish; go over; make out; pan out; prosper; prove out; score; succeed; thrive; work out29. work (verb) act; function; operate; perform; workАнтонимический ряд:appear; approach; arrive; become; break down; clash; come; endure; enter; fail; improve; lack; live; persist; quit; regress; remain; rest; stand; stay -
73 продолжит
1. proceeding (refl.); prolonging2. proceed (refl.); prolong[lang name="Russian"]начинать или перейти; начать или продолжить — commence or proceed
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74 πορεύω
πορεύω (Pind.+; ApcSed 15:5=p. 136, 32 Ja. οἱ πορεύοντες) in our lit. only as mid. and pass. πορεύομαι (Trag., Hdt.+) impf. ἐπορευόμην; fut. πορεύσομαι; 1 aor. ἐπορεύθην; pf. ptc. πεπορευομένος. On the fut. aspect of the pres. s. B-D-F §323, 3; Rob. 869. On the durative sense of the pres. impv. πορεύου in contrast to the aor. πορεύθητι s. B-D-F §336, 1; also Rob. 855f; 890.① to move over an area, gener. with a point of departure or destination specified, go, proceed, travel, w. indication of the point of departure: ἀπό τινος depart from someone (cp. X., An. 4, 4, 17 ‘from the camp of Tiribazus’) Mt 25:41 (impv.); Lk 4:42b. ἐντεῦθεν 13:31 (impv.). ἐκεῖθεν Mt 19:15. W. indication of place to which: εἴς τι (X., Hell. 7, 4, 10; Is 22:15 εἴς τι πρός τινα; JosAs 28:5 εἰς τὴν ὕλην; ApcMos 10; Just., A II, 2, 6) to, in, into, toward Mt 2:20; 17:27; Mk 16:12; Lk 1:39; 4:42a; 9:56 (εἰς ἑτέραν κώμην, cp. Jos., Vi. 231); 22:33 (εἰς φυλακήν); J 7:35b; Ac 1:11; 19:21; 20:1, 22 (πορεύομαι=I am going, I am about to go); 22:5, 10; Ro 15:24, 25 (I am going, I am about to go); IPol 7:2; 8:2; Hv 1, 1, 3; 2, 1, 1. εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου Lk 5:24; cp. AcPl Ha 4, 3 εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν. Of fish π. εἰς τὸ βάθος dive into the depth B 10:10b. Also of passing into the beyond, in a good sense of Paul and Peter: π. εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τόπον 1 Cl 5:7 v.l.; εἰς τὸν ὀφειλόμενον (ὀφείλω 2aα) τόπον τῆς δόξης 5:4 (so of Peter in Ac 12:17: WSmaltz, JBL 71, ’52, 211–16; s. Bruce, Acts on var. traditions), and in a bad sense of Judas the informer εἰς τὸ τόπον τὸν ἴδιον Ac 1:25. εἰς τὰ ἔθνη to the gentiles 18:6. ἐπὶ Καίσαρα π. go to Caesar, appear before the Emperor (ἐπί 10) 25:12. πρός τινα to someone (Soph., Ant. 892; Pla., Clit. 410c; Theophr., Char. 2, 1; Diog. L. 8, 43; Gen 26:26; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 9 [Stone p. 66]; Just., A II, 2, 19) Mt 25:9; 26:14; Lk 11:5; 15:18; 16:30; J 14:12, 28; 16:28 (pres. w. fut. aspect in the three J pass. I am about to go); Ac 27:3; 1 Cl 31:4. σύν τινι with someone Lk 7:6; Ac 10:20; 26:13; 1 Cor 16:4b. ἐπί τι after someth. (ἐπί 4bα) Lk 15:4; (up) to someth. (ἐπί 4bγ) Mt 22:9; Ac 8:26; 9:11, also ἕως ἐπί τι 17:14. W. ἕως and gen. of place 23:23 (TestAbr A 2 p. 79, 1 [Stone p. 6,1]). W. διά and gen. of place through (X., An. 4, 7, 15) Mt 12:1; Mk 9:30 v.l. ποῦ (instead of ποῖ) J 7:35a. οὗ (instead of ὅποι, as 1 Macc 13:20) Lk 24:28a; 1 Cor 16:6. π. τῇ ὁδῷ go one’s way, proceed on one’s journey 1 Cl 12:4; also ἐπορεύετο τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ Ac 8:39 (cp. Josh 3:4; X. An. 2, 2, 11 πορεύεσθαι μακροτέραν [sc. ὁδόν]; Jos., Ant. 1, 282). π. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ go along the road Lk 9:57; also π. κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν Ac 8:36; AcPl Ant 13, 19f (=Aa I 237, 4).—W. purpose indicated by an inf. (Gen 37:25; JosAs 25:2) Lk 2:3; 14:19, 31; J 14:2. Also ἵνα 11:11.—Somet. the place fr. which or to which is easily supplied fr. the context: θέλετε πορεύεσθαι you wish to go (i.e. to the house of the non-believer/non-Christian who has invited you) 1 Cor 10:27. πορ. (i.e. εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ) 16:4a. πορ. (i.e. εἰς Δαμασκόν) Ac 22:6.—The aor. ptc. of πορ. is oft. used pleonastically to enliven the narrative (B-D-F §419, 2.—4 Km 5:10; Josh 23:16; GrBar 15:4; Jos., Ant. 7, 318); in any case the idea of going or traveling is not emphasized Mt 9:13; 11:4; 18:12; 21:6; 22:15; 25:16; 27:66; 28:7; Mk 16:10; Lk 7:22; 9:13; 13:32; 14:10 al.—Abs. (X., An. 5, 3, 2; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 5 [Stone p. 62] καὶ ἀναστάντες ἐπορεύοντο) ἐπορεύθησαν they set out Mt 2:9. πορεύθητι καὶ πορεύεται go!, and he goes (cp. PGM 1, 185 πορεύου καὶ ἀπελεύσεται) 8:9; Lk 7:8 (opp. ἔρχεσθαι, as Epict. 1, 25, 10 Ἀγαμέμνων λέγει μοι ‘πορεύου …’. πορεύομαι. ‘ἔρχου’. ἔρχομαι; TestJob 34:5 ἐγὼ πορεύσομαι ἐληλύθημεν γὰρ ἵνα …).—Lk 10:37; be on the way, be journeying Lk 10:38; 13:33; Ac 9:3.—ἔμπροσθέν τινος (UPZ 78, 15 [159 B.C.] ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἐπορευόμην; Josh 3:6): ἔ. αὐτῶν πορεύεται he goes in front of them J 10:4 (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 1, 577 προπορεύεται ὁ ποιμήν); cp. B 11:4 (Is 45:2). μὴ πορευθῆτε ὀπίσω αὐτῶν do not go after them Lk 21:8 (ὀπίσω 2a). προθύμως (+ μετὰ σπουδῆς v.l.) ἐπορεύετο he walked on with alacrity MPol 8:3.—πορεύου=go your way (Diog. L. 4, 11): πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην Lk 7:50; 8:48 or ἐν εἰρήνῃ Ac 16:36 s. εἰρήνη 2a.—In imagery, of life gener. (Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 1 διὰ τ. βίου); abs. πορευόμενοι as they pass by (Jülicher, Gleichn. 529) Lk 8:14 (another mng.: step by step).—GKilpatrick, JTS 48, ’47, 61–63 (in synopt. gosp.).② to conduct oneself, live, walk (cp. Soph., Oed. Rex 884; LXX; PsSol 18:10) w. ἔν τινι foll.: (En 99:10 ἐν ὁδοῖς δικαιοσύνης; TestReub 1:6; 4:1 ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας; TestIss 3:1; TestAsh 4:5) ἐν ὁδῷ θανάτου B 19:2. ἐν ἀληθείᾳ (Tob 3:5 BA; Pr 28:6) Hm 3:4. ἐν ἀκακίᾳ καὶ ἁπλότητι v 2, 3, 2. ἐν ἀσελγείαις κτλ. 1 Pt 4:3. ἐν τῇ ἁγνότητι ταύτῃ Hm 4, 4, 4. ἐν ὁσιότητι 1 Cl 60:2. ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς τοῦ κυρίου (cp. Ps 118:1 ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου) Lk 1:6; cp. Pol 2:2; 4:1; Hs 6, 1, 1–4. ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασιν 5, 1, 5.—κατά τι (Num 24:1; Wsd 6:4) κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας according to the passions 2 Pt 3:3; Jd 16, 18.—τῇ ὀρθῇ ὁδῷ πορ. follow the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2 (on the dat. s. B-D-F §198, 5; Rob. 521 and SIG 313, 20; LXX [reff. in Johannessohn, Kasus 57f]). ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν Ac 14:16. τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν Jd 11. τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ κυρίου live in the fear of the Lord Ac 9:31. ταῖς ἐντολαῖς μου Hs 7, 6f. ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 8, 11, 3.—πορ. ὀπίσω τινός in the sense ‘seek a close relation with’ (cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10) οἱ ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευόμενοι follow (i.e. indulge) their physical nature in desire that defiles 2 Pt 2:10. ὀπίσω τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν Hv 3, 7, 3.③ go to one’s death, a euphemistic fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Lk 22:33 εἰς θάνατον πορεύεσθαι): die (SyrBar 14:2; Julian, Letter 14 p. 385d) Lk 22:22. (For the figure of death as a journey s. RLattimore, Themes in Gk. and Lat. Epitaphs: Illinois Studies in Language and Literature 28 nos. 1–2, §43 [=ed. 1962, 169–71]).—DELG s.v. πόρος II. M-M s.v. πορεύομαι. TW. -
75 Л-175
НА ЛЮДЯХ coll В ЛЮДЯХ obs PrepP these forms only adv or subj-compl with бывать, быть0 etc (subj: human) in the company of othersin publicin company in front (in the presence) of others (of other people) before other people (be) among (around) (other) people.Теперь им совсем плохо, лежат пластом и до утра... на людях появиться не смогут (Стругацкие 3). Now they were quite ill, flat on their backs, and could not appear in public before morning (3a).Надя (Крупская)... в методичности, в бережливости не имеет равных. Она действительно нутром понимает... что каждый лишний свободный франк - это лишняя длительность мысли и работы... И перед всем этим было бы непристойно революционеру стесняться на людях, что жена некрасива, или ума не выдающегося, или старше его на год... Для существования Ленина как политической личности союз с Крупской вполне достаточен и разумен (Солженицын 5)....Nadya had no equal for orderliness and economy. She understood instinctively that every extra franc in hand meant extra time for thinking and working....In view of all this, it would ill become a revolutionary to be ashamed in company that his wife was far from beautiful, not outstandingly intelligent, and a year older than himself....For Lenin the politician, the union with Nadya was all that reason could require (5a)....Дознано и доказано предварительным следствием, что подсудимый... все время был на людях, а стало быть, не мог отделить от трех тысяч половины и куда-нибудь спрятать в городе» (Достоевский 2). "...It has been determined and demonstrated by the preliminary investigation that the defendant...was constantly in the presence of other people, and therefore could not have separated half of the three thousand and hidden it somewhere in town" (2a).«...Ты вправе поступить с ним так, чтобы умалишённый Раймалы нас не позорил бы на людях...» (Айтматов 2). "...You've the right to proceed with him and take whatever steps are needed to prevent him from shaming us before other people'' (2a).To ли оттого, что у тёти Маши муж был нелюдим, то ли это было свойством её собственной натуры, но тётя Маша любила бывать на людях (Искандер 3). Whether because Aunt Masha's husband was an unsociable person, or because it was a trait of her own nature, Aunt Masha loved to be among people (3a). -
76 рассматривать
(= рассмотреть, обсуждать) examine, consider, discuss, regard, analyze, be concerned with, deal with, inspect, give consideration to, review, look upon, treat• Более детально мы рассматриваем эту концепцию во втором параграфе. - We consider this concept in greater detail in Section 2.• Будет полезно рассмотреть эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения. - It will be useful to consider this situation more generally.• Будет полезно снова рассмотреть... - It will be useful to reconsider...• В данной главе мы будем рассматривать лишь... - In this chapter we shall be concerned only with...• В данный момент имеет смысл рассмотреть более глубоко... - At this point, it is worthwhile to go more deeply into...• В значительно более общем виде мы можем рассмотреть... - Much more generally, we may consider...• В качестве дополнительной иллюстрации рассмотрим случай... - As an additional illustration, consider the case of...• В качестве последнего примера в этой главе рассмотрим... - As a final example in this chapter we consider...• В качестве примера рассмотрим теперь... - By way of example, let us now consider...• В качестве частного примера рассмотрим следующий. - As a particular example take the following.• В первом приближении мы можем рассматривать... - То a first approximation we may regard...• В следующих четырех главах мы будем рассматривать исключительно... - In the next four chapters we shall be concerned exclusively with...• В том же ключе мы рассмотрим... - In this spirit we consider...• В целом, наименее запутывающим решением кажется рассмотрение... - On the whole it seems least confusing to regard...• В этой главе мы рассматриваем различные случаи... - In this chapter we consider various cases of...• Во многих инженерных приложениях необходимо рассматривать... - In many engineering applications, it is necessary to consider...• Вскоре мы рассмотрим ряд приложений. - We will soon consider a number of applications.• Давайте рассмотрим более детально способ, которым... - Let us consider in more detail the manner in which...•. Давайте рассмотрим более легкий способ нахождения... - Let us pursue the easier course of finding...• Давайте рассмотрим детально... - Let us look in detail at...• Давайте рассмотрим заново наше заключение, что... - Let us reconsider our conclusion that...• Давайте рассмотрим некоторые частные случаи... - Let us look at some particular cases of...• Давайте рассмотрим этот вопрос, используя специальные примеры. - Let us approach this question by means of specific examples.• Давайте тщательно рассмотрим... - Let us carefully inspect...• Далее, мы кратко рассматриваем случаи, когда... - Further, we briefly treat cases in which...• Для простоты давайте рассмотрим... - For the sake of simplicity, let us consider...• До сих пор мы рассматривали лишь случаи, когда... - So far we have considered only cases in which...• Достаточно много исследователей рассматривали эффект... - Quite a few investigators have considered the effect of...• Другое приближение получается, когда мы рассматриваем... - Another approximation is obtained by regarding...• Имеется очевидная необходимость в том, чтобы рассмотреть... - There is an obvious need to consider...• Кратко рассмотрим... - We briefly review/consider...; Let us take a brief look at...; Let us briefly run through...• Можно было бы продолжить и рассмотреть... - One could proceed further and consider...• Мы будем рассматривать четыре типа... - We will consider four types of...• Мы до сих пор не рассматривали случай, когда... - We still have not dealt with the case in which...• Мы не будем рассматривать этот сложный вопрос. -We shall not enter into this complicated question.• Мы рассматриваем данную книгу как лучший источник относительно... - We regard this book as the best source for...• Мы рассматриваем каждый из этих двух случаев отдельно. - We consider these two cases separately.• Мы рассматриваем поведение... - We consider the behavior of...• Мы рассмотрим эти вопросы позднее. - We shall deal with these matters later.• На самом деле для настоящих целей достаточно рассмотреть... - In fact it is sufficient for the present purpose to consider...• На самом деле, мы сейчас рассматриваем... - In effect, we are now considering...• Нам особенно интересно рассмотреть... - It will be of particular interest to us to consider...• Не много исследователей рассматривали эффект... - Few investigators have considered the effect of...• Некоторые авторитетные авторы, следовательно, предпочитают рассматривать... - Some authorities, therefore, prefer to consider...• Необходимо рассмотреть эту проблему в некоторых деталях. - It is necessary to consider this problem in some detail.• Несколько исследователей рассматривали эффект... - A few/several investigators have considered the effect of...• Нет необходимости рассматривать эти процессы. - These processes need not be considered.• Новое свойство возникает, когда мы рассматриваем... - A new feature appears when we consider...• Однако более продуктивно рассмотреть... - It is, however, more fruitful to consider...• Однако давайте рассмотрим еще раз... - But let us reconsider...• Однако если (же) мы рассмотрим происходящее более подробно, то увидим, что... - If we consider what happens more carefully, however, we can see that...• Однако здесь мы рассматриваем... - We are concerned here, however, with...• Однако многие учебники не рассматривают... - However, many textbooks do not treat...• Однако мы рассматриваем здесь лишь... - However, we are concerned here only with...• Однако необходимо рассмотреть некоторое число усложняющих (ситуацию) факторов. - A number of complicating factors must, however, be considered.• Однако очень часто мы должны рассматривать... - But very often we have to consider...• Однако сейчас мы можем рассмотреть... - For the present, however, we can consider...• Остается рассмотреть вопрос о... - It remains to take up the question of...• Остается рассмотреть случай, когда... - It remains now to deal with the case when...• Остается рассмотреть факт... - It remains to consider the fact that...• Перед тем как начать более детальное изучение..., полезно рассмотреть... - Before beginning a more detailed study of..., it is helpful to consider...• Подобная ситуация возникает (каждый раз), когда мы рассматриваем... - A similar situation will arise when we discuss...• Полезно сейчас отвлечься и рассмотреть... - It is useful to digress here and consider...• Поучительно рассмотреть эти результаты с точки зрения... - It is instructive to consider these results from the standpoint of...• Предпочтительнее, если мы рассмотрим... - We direct our attention, rather, to...• Прежде чем рассматривать задачу, удобно напомнить, что... - Before considering the problem it will be convenient to recall...• Прежде чем рассматривать их подробно, следует заметить, что... - Before considering these in detail, it should be mentioned that...• Прервемся на минуту, чтобы рассмотреть(= проверить)... - Let us take a moment to examine...• При изучении этих систем важно рассмотреть... - In studying these systems, it is important to consider...• Проблема, которую мы обязаны позднее рассмотреть, чтобы применять данную идею, состоит в том, что... - A problem that we must eventually face in making use of this concept is...• Рассмотрим более тщательно значение... - Let us consider more closely the significance of...• Рассмотрим два свойства... - Let us consider two properties of...• Рассмотрим кратко... - Let us briefly consider...• Рассмотрим некоторые важные сведения относительно... - Let us review some important facts regarding...• Рассмотрим сначала вопрос о... - Let us first consider the question of...• Рассмотрим теперь использование... - Consider now the use of...• Рассмотрим численный пример. - Let us take a numerical example.• Рассмотрим этот вопрос несколько ниже. - We consider this question a little further.• С тем же успехом мы могли бы рассмотреть... - We might equally well have considered...• Сейчас мы будем рассматривать... - We shall presently consider...; At present we shall consider...• Сейчас нам будет достаточно рассмотреть случай, когда... - It will be sufficient for the present to consider the case where...• Следовательно, мы не будем рассматривать... - We shall therefore not deal with...• Следует рассмотреть... - Consideration should be given to...• Следующий шаг состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть... - The next step is to consider...• Сначала мы рассматриваем случай... - We first deal with the case of...• Сначала рассмотрим (один) пример. - First we consider an example.• Таким образом, нет необходимости рассматривать... - Thus it is unnecessary to treat...• Тем не менее, интересно кратко рассмотреть (вопрос и т. п.)... - Nevertheless, it is interesting to look briefly at...• Теперь мы будем рассматривать (один) способ удалить эти ограничения, наложенные на f(x). - We shall now consider a procedure for removing these restrictions on• Теперь мы рассмотрим несколько фундаментальных принципов... - We now turn to several fundamental principles...• Теперь мы рассмотрим эффект... - We consider now the effect of...• Теперь рассмотрим, действительно ли возможно (установить "т. п.)... - Let us now consider whether it is possible to...• Теперь удобно рассмотреть... - It is convenient now to consider...• Чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, нам надо более детально рассмотреть... - То answer this question we need to look more closely at...• Чтобы понять это, достаточно рассмотреть... - То see this, it suffices to consider...• Чтобы продемонстрировать эту концепцию, мы, во-первых, рассмотрим... - То demonstrate this concept we consider, first,...• Чтобы рассмотреть общий случай, давайте... - То deal with the general case, let...• Чтобы рассмотреть это более детально, давайте... - То see this in greater detail, let us...• Чтобы рассмотреть этот случай, мы... - То cover this case, we...• Чтобы расширить нашу область приложений, мы теперь рассмотрим... - То broaden our scope of applications we now consider...• Это склоняет к тому, чтобы рассматривать (5) как... - It is tempting to regard (5) as...• Это становится понятным, если мы рассмотрим... - This becomes clear on consideration of... -
77 в людях
• НА ЛЮДЯХ coll; В ЛЮДЯХ obs[PrepP; these forms only; adv or subj-compl with бывать, быть etc (subj: human)]=====⇒ in the company of others:- in public;- in company;- (be) among (around) (other) people.♦ Теперь им совсем плохо, лежат пластом и до утра... на людях появиться не смогут (Стругацкие 3). Now they were quite ill, flat on their backs, and could not appear in public before morning (3a).♦ Надя [Крупская]... в методичности, в бережливости не имеет равных. Она действительно нутром понимает... что каждый лишний свободный франк - это лишняя длительность мысли и работы... И перед всем этим было бы непристойно революционеру стесняться на людях, что жена некрасива, или ума не выдающегося, или старше его на год... Для существования Ленина как политической личности союз с Крупской вполне достаточен и разумен (Солженицын 5)....Nadya had no equal for orderliness and economy. She understood instinctively that every extra franc in hand meant extra time for thinking and working....In view of all this, it would ill become a revolutionary to be ashamed in company that his wife was far from beautiful, not outstandingly intelligent, and a year older than himself.... For Lenin the politician, the union with Nadya was ail that reason could require (5a).♦ "...Дознано и доказано предварительным следствием, что подсудимый... все время был на людях, а стало быть, не мог отделить от трех тысяч половины и куда-нибудь спрятать в городе" (Достоевский 2). "...It has been determined and demonstrated by the preliminary investigation that the defendant...was constantly in the presence of other people, and therefore could not have separated half of the three thousand and hidden it somewhere in town" (2a).♦ "...Ты вправе поступить с ним так, чтобы умалишённый Раймалы нас не позорил бы на людях..." (Айтматов 2). "...You've the right to proceed with him and take whatever steps are needed to prevent him from shaming us before other people" (2a).♦ To ли оттого, что у тёти Маши муж был нелюдим, то ли это было свойством её собственной натуры, но тётя Маша любила бывать на людях (Искандер 3). Whether because Aunt Masha's husband was an unsociable person, or because it was a trait of her own nature, Aunt Masha loved to be among people (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в людях
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78 на людях
[PrepP; these forms only; adv or subj-compl with бывать, быть etc (subj: human)]=====⇒ in the company of others:- in public;- in company;- (be) among (around) (other) people.♦ Теперь им совсем плохо, лежат пластом и до утра... на людях появиться не смогут (Стругацкие 3). Now they were quite ill, flat on their backs, and could not appear in public before morning (3a).♦ Надя [Крупская]... в методичности, в бережливости не имеет равных. Она действительно нутром понимает... что каждый лишний свободный франк - это лишняя длительность мысли и работы... И перед всем этим было бы непристойно революционеру стесняться на людях, что жена некрасива, или ума не выдающегося, или старше его на год... Для существования Ленина как политической личности союз с Крупской вполне достаточен и разумен (Солженицын 5)....Nadya had no equal for orderliness and economy. She understood instinctively that every extra franc in hand meant extra time for thinking and working....In view of all this, it would ill become a revolutionary to be ashamed in company that his wife was far from beautiful, not outstandingly intelligent, and a year older than himself.... For Lenin the politician, the union with Nadya was ail that reason could require (5a).♦ "...Дознано и доказано предварительным следствием, что подсудимый... все время был на людях, а стало быть, не мог отделить от трех тысяч половины и куда-нибудь спрятать в городе" (Достоевский 2). "...It has been determined and demonstrated by the preliminary investigation that the defendant...was constantly in the presence of other people, and therefore could not have separated half of the three thousand and hidden it somewhere in town" (2a).♦ "...Ты вправе поступить с ним так, чтобы умалишённый Раймалы нас не позорил бы на людях..." (Айтматов 2). "...You've the right to proceed with him and take whatever steps are needed to prevent him from shaming us before other people" (2a).♦ To ли оттого, что у тёти Маши муж был нелюдим, то ли это было свойством её собственной натуры, но тётя Маша любила бывать на людях (Искандер 3). Whether because Aunt Masha's husband was an unsociable person, or because it was a trait of her own nature, Aunt Masha loved to be among people (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на людях
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79 qadama
precede [Sem q-d-m, Mal quddiem (before) Akk qadmu (former time), Heb qadam (before), Syr qedam, JNA qdm (proceed), BAram qadam (before), Ara qdm (upon), Sab qdm, Amh qeddem (earlier), Uga qdm] -
80 pass
1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) pasar(por), dejar atrás2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) pasar, transmitir, traspasar, ceder3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) superar4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) adelantar5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) pasar; transcurrir (el tiempo)6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) aprobar7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) (judgement)juzgar; (sentence)dictar sentencia8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) pasar, desaparecer, terminar9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) aprobar
2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) desfiladero; paso, puerto2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) permiso, pase3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) aprobado4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) pase•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up
pass1 n1. aprobado2. paso3. pasepass2 vb1. pasarshe passed the door, but she didn't go in pasó por delante de la puerta, pero no entrócould you pass the bread, please? ¿podrías pasarme el pan, por favor?2. aprobardid you pass the exam, or did you fail? ¿aprobaste el examen, o suspendiste?tr[pɑːs]2 (official permit) pase nombre masculino, permiso3 (in exam) aprobado4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL pase nombre masculino1 (go past - gen) pasar; (person) cruzarse con■ do you pass the library on your way to work? ¿pasas por la biblioteca de camino al trabajo?2 (overtake) adelantar3 (cross - border, frontier) pasar, cruzar4 (give, hand) pasar5 (move) pasar6 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (ball) pasar8 (time) pasar9 (say, utter - opinion) expresar, dar; (- remark, comment) hacer2 (overtake) adelantar3 (move, go) pasar4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL pasar la pelota, pasar el balón, hacer un pase5 (be transferred to) pasar (to, a)7 (of time) pasar, transcurrir8 (come to an end - pain, feeling) pasarse; (storm) pasar9 (exam, test) aprobar; (bill, motion) ser aprobado,-a10 (be acceptable) pasar; (be tolerated) consentir11 (happen) ocurrir, acontecer, suceder■ it came to pass that... sucedió que...\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto make a pass at somebody intentar ligar con alguiento pass judgment on juzgarto pass sentence dictar sentencia, fallarto pass the time of day (with somebody) pasar el rato con alguiento pass water orinarto pass wind expulsar ventosidadespress pass pase nombre masculino de prensabus pass abono de autobúspass ['pæs] vi1) : pasar, cruzarsea car passed by: pasó un cochewe passed in the hallway: nos cruzamos en el pasillo2) cease: pasarsethe pain passed: se pasó el dolor3) elapse: pasar, transcurrir4) proceed: pasarlet me pass: déjame pasar5) happen: pasar, ocurrir6) : pasar, aprobar (en un examen)7) rule: fallarthe jury passed on the case: el jurado falló en el casothe throne passed to his son: el trono pasó a su hijo9)to let pass overlook: pasar por altoto pass as : pasar porpass vt1) : pasar porthey passed the house: pasaron por la casa2) overtake: pasar, adelantar3) spend: pasar (tiempo)4) hand: pasarpass me the salt: pásame la sal5) : aprobar (un examen, una ley)pass n1) crossing, gap: paso m, desfiladero m, puerto mmountain pass: puerto de montaña2) permit: pase m, permiso m3) : pase m (en deportes)4) situation: situación f (díficil)things have come to a pretty pass!: ¡hasta dónde hemos llegado!n.(§ pl.: passes) = billete gratuito s.m.• boleta s.f.• boletín s.m.• collado s.m.• cortadura s.f.• nota de aprobado s.f.• pase s.m.• paso s.m.• puerto s.m.• salvoconducto s.m.v.• andar v.(§pret: anduv-)• aprobar (Examen) v.• entrar v.• pasar v.• transcurrir v.pæs, pɑːs
I
1) (document, permit) pase m; ( ticket) abono mbus/rail pass — abono de autobúsen
3) (in test, examination) (BrE) aprobado m; (before n)4) ( Sport) pase m5) ( sexual advance)6) ( state of affairs) (no pl)
II
1.
2)a) (go by, past) \<\<shop/house\>\> pasar porb) ( overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Méx)3)a) (cross, go beyond) \<\<limit\>\> pasar; \<\<frontier\>\> pasar, cruzar*b) ( surpass) sobrepasar4) ( spend) \<\<time\>\> pasar5)a) (convey, hand over)to pass somebody something, to pass something TO somebody — pasarle algo a algn
pass (me) the sugar, please — ¿me pasas el azúcar, por favor?
b) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> pasar6) ( Med)7) ( utter) \<\<comment/remark\>\> hacer*to pass sentence — dictar sentencia, fallar
8)a) ( succeed in) \<\<exam/test\>\> aprobar*, salvar (Ur)b) ( approve) \<\<candidate/work\>\> aprobar*c) \<\<law/motion\>\> aprobar*
2.
1) pass vi2) (move, travel) pasarpass along the car, please — córranse or pasen adelante, por favor
her name passed into history/oblivion — su nombre pasó a la historia/fue relegado al olvido
3)a) (go, move past) pasarit was a stupid remark, but let it pass — fue un comentario estúpido pero dejémoslo correr or no hagamos caso
b) ( overtake) adelantarse, rebasar (Méx)no passing — (AmE) prohibido adelantar or (Méx) rebasar
4)a) ( elapse) \<\<time\>\> pasar, transcurrir (frml)b) ( disappear) \<\<feeling/pain\>\> pasarse5) ( be transferred) \<\<title/estate/crown\>\> pasar6) ( happen) (arch)to come to pass — acaecer* (liter), acontecer* (liter), suceder
7) ( decline chance to play) pasar; (as interj) paso!I'll pass on the dessert, thanks — no voy a tomar postre or (fam) voy a pasar del postre, gracias
8) ( Sport)to pass (TO somebody) — pasar(le) la pelota (or el balón etc) (a algn)
9) ( rule) (AmE)10)a) ( be acceptable) pasarit's not brilliant, but it'll pass — (colloq) una maravilla no es, pero pasa
b) ( in an exam) aprobar*, pasar•Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up[pɑːs]1. Nboarding2) (Sport) pase m3) (in exam) aprobado m•
to get a pass (in sth) — aprobar (algo)5) (=situation)•
things have come to a pretty pass — ¡hasta dónde hemos llegado!•
things had reached such a pass that... — las cosas habían llegado a tal extremo que...6) (=sexual approach)7) (Geog) puerto m, paso m ; (small) desfiladero m2. VT1) (=go past) pasar; (=go in front of) pasar por delante de; (=cross paths with) cruzarse con; (Aut) (=overtake) adelantar, pasar, rebasar (Mex)he tried to pass me on the inside — (Aut) intentó adelantarme or pasarme por la derecha; (in UK) intentó adelantarme or pasarme por la izquierda
2) (=surpass) superartotal membership has passed the six million mark — el número total de miembros supera los seis millones
3) (=cross) [+ barrier, frontier, customs] cruzar•
not a word has passed my lips — de mí no ha salido una palabra, no he dicho ni una palabra•
the gas is then passed along a pipe — el gas luego se pasa por una tubería•
to pass sth down the line — pasar algo de mano en mano•
to pass a dish round the table — pasar un plato entre todos los que están a la mesa•
to pass sb sth, pass sth to sb — pasar algo a algnbuck 1., 3), parcel, word 1., 4)pass me the salt, please — ¿me pasas or alcanzas la sal, por favor?
5) (=move in given direction) pasar•
he passed his handkerchief over his face — se pasó el pañuelo por la cara6) (=spend) [+ time] pasar- pass the time of day with sb7) (=not fail) [+ exam, essay, candidate] aprobar; [+ inspection] pasarfit I, muster8) (Cine) [+ film] [censor] aprobarthe censors felt they could not pass the film — los censores sintieron que no podían aprobar la película
9) (=approve) [+ law, bill motion] aprobar10) (=express) [+ remark, comment] hacer•
it would be unfair to pass comment on his private life — no sería justo hacer comentarios sobre su vida privada•
to pass (an) opinion on sth — expresar una opinión acerca de algo•
to pass sentence — (Jur) fallar, dictar sentenciajudgmentto pass sentence on sb — sentenciar or condenar a algn
11) (Med) [+ blood] echarwater 1., 3)•
to pass a stool — realizar una deposición, defecar12) (criminally) [+ counterfeit money, stolen goods] pasar3. VI1) (=go past) pasar; (Aut) (=overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Mex)ship 1., 1)2) (=move, go) pasar•
to pass behind/ in front of sth/sb — pasar por detrás/por delante de algo/algn•
messages passed back and forth between them — se intercambiaban mensajes entre sí, se mandaban mensajes el uno al otro•
pass down the bus please! — ¡vayan hacia el fondo del autobús, por favor!•
to pass into oblivion — pasar al olvido•
control of the business passed out of my hands — la dirección de la empresa pasó a otras manos•
the bullet passed through her shoulder — la bala le atravesó el hombro•
words passed between them — intercambiaron algunas palabras (fuertes)3) (=be transferred) pasar4) (Sport) hacer un pase5) (=happen)•
all that passed between them — todo lo que hubo entre ellos•
it came to pass that... — liter aconteció que... liter6) (=go by) [time, deadline] pasaras the years passed — a medida que pasaban los años, con el paso de los años
•
how time passes! — ¡como pasa el tiempo!•
the months passed into years — los meses se convirtieron en años7) (=disappear) [storm, pain, danger] pasarit'll pass — eso pasará, eso se olvidará
8) (in exam) aprobar9) (=be approved) [bill, amendment] ser aprobado10) (=be accepted) pasar"will this do?" - "oh, it'll pass" — -¿esto servirá? -bueno, pasará
what passes in New York may not be good enough here — lo que es aceptable en Nueva York puede no serlo aquí
•
to pass for sth — pasar por algoor what passes nowadays for a hat — o lo que pasa por or se llama sombrero hoy día
•
let it pass — no hagas caso, pásalo por altounnoticedwe can't let that pass! — ¡eso no lo podemos consentir or pasar por alto!
11) (at cards, in quiz)(I) pass! — ¡paso!
I'm afraid I don't know, I'll have to pass on that one — me temo que no lo sé, no puedo contestar esa pregunta
4.CPDpass degree N — (Brit) título universitario inferior al "honours degree" (licenciatura)
- pass by- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up* * *[pæs, pɑːs]
I
1) (document, permit) pase m; ( ticket) abono mbus/rail pass — abono de autobús/tren
3) (in test, examination) (BrE) aprobado m; (before n)4) ( Sport) pase m5) ( sexual advance)6) ( state of affairs) (no pl)
II
1.
2)a) (go by, past) \<\<shop/house\>\> pasar porb) ( overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Méx)3)a) (cross, go beyond) \<\<limit\>\> pasar; \<\<frontier\>\> pasar, cruzar*b) ( surpass) sobrepasar4) ( spend) \<\<time\>\> pasar5)a) (convey, hand over)to pass somebody something, to pass something TO somebody — pasarle algo a algn
pass (me) the sugar, please — ¿me pasas el azúcar, por favor?
b) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> pasar6) ( Med)7) ( utter) \<\<comment/remark\>\> hacer*to pass sentence — dictar sentencia, fallar
8)a) ( succeed in) \<\<exam/test\>\> aprobar*, salvar (Ur)b) ( approve) \<\<candidate/work\>\> aprobar*c) \<\<law/motion\>\> aprobar*
2.
1) pass vi2) (move, travel) pasarpass along the car, please — córranse or pasen adelante, por favor
her name passed into history/oblivion — su nombre pasó a la historia/fue relegado al olvido
3)a) (go, move past) pasarit was a stupid remark, but let it pass — fue un comentario estúpido pero dejémoslo correr or no hagamos caso
b) ( overtake) adelantarse, rebasar (Méx)no passing — (AmE) prohibido adelantar or (Méx) rebasar
4)a) ( elapse) \<\<time\>\> pasar, transcurrir (frml)b) ( disappear) \<\<feeling/pain\>\> pasarse5) ( be transferred) \<\<title/estate/crown\>\> pasar6) ( happen) (arch)to come to pass — acaecer* (liter), acontecer* (liter), suceder
7) ( decline chance to play) pasar; (as interj) paso!I'll pass on the dessert, thanks — no voy a tomar postre or (fam) voy a pasar del postre, gracias
8) ( Sport)to pass (TO somebody) — pasar(le) la pelota (or el balón etc) (a algn)
9) ( rule) (AmE)10)a) ( be acceptable) pasarit's not brilliant, but it'll pass — (colloq) una maravilla no es, pero pasa
b) ( in an exam) aprobar*, pasar•Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up
См. также в других словарях:
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