actĭo

actor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who drives or moves something:

pecoris actor,

Ov. H. 1, 95:

habenae,

a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—

In gen., he who does any thing, a doer or performer (cf. ago, II.).

In gen. of every kind of action:

ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):

Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,

id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—

In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:

accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,

Cic. Part. 32;

esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,

id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,

At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—

In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:

inventor, compositor, actor,

Cic. Or. 19.—

A player, an actor:

actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).

Actor, ŏris, m.

A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—

An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308.

actor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who drives or moves something:

pecoris actor,

Ov. H. 1, 95:

habenae,

a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—

In gen., he who does any thing, a doer or performer (cf. ago, II.).

In gen. of every kind of action:

ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):

Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,

id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—

In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:

accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,

Cic. Part. 32;

esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,

id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,

At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—

In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:

inventor, compositor, actor,

Cic. Or. 19.—

A player, an actor:

actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).

Actor, ŏris, m.

A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—

An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308.

actor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who drives or moves something:

pecoris actor,

Ov. H. 1, 95:

habenae,

a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—

In gen., he who does any thing, a doer or performer (cf. ago, II.).

In gen. of every kind of action:

ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):

Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,

id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—

In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:

accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,

Cic. Part. 32;

esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,

id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,

At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—

In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:

inventor, compositor, actor,

Cic. Or. 19.—

A player, an actor:

actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).

Actor, ŏris, m.

A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—

An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308.

actor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who drives or moves something:

pecoris actor,

Ov. H. 1, 95:

habenae,

a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—

In gen., he who does any thing, a doer or performer (cf. ago, II.).

In gen. of every kind of action:

ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):

Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,

id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—

In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:

accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,

Cic. Part. 32;

esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,

id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,

At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—

In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:

inventor, compositor, actor,

Cic. Or. 19.—

A player, an actor:

actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).

Actor, ŏris, m.

A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—

An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308.

ăgĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], the state of being in motion, motion, movement, agitation (in good class. prose).

Lit.:

agitationes fluctuum,

Cic. Mur. 17:

agitatio et motus linguae,

id. N. D. 2, 54:

lecticae,

Liv. 27, 29:

agitatione agitabitur terra,

Vulg. Isa. 24, 20.—

Trop. (mostly in philos. lang.), activity:

numquam animus agitatione et motu esse vacuus potest,

Cic. Div. 2, 62, 128:

adhibenda est actio quaedam, non solum mentis agitatio,

contemplation, thought, id. Off. 1, 5 fin.:

magnarum rerum agitatio et administratio,

id. Inv. 2, 54:

studiorum,

prosecution, id. Sen. 7:

opus est sapienti agitatione virtutum,

the practice, exercise, Sen. Ep. 109:

agitatione rerum ad virtutem capessendam excitari,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 1.

ambŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [ambulator], that moves about (rare; never in Cic.); hence,

Of machines which can be moved to and fro. movable: praeterea alias (so. turres) ambulatorias totidem tabulatorum [p. 104] confixerant, movable towers with an equal number of stories, Auct. B. Alex. 2 Moeb.; Vitr. 10, 19; Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80.—Hence, trop., of the will, wavering, fickle, changeable:

voluntas,

Dig. 24, 1, 32;

and of other things: actio,

a cause that passes from one to another, Cod. Just. 6, 2, 22.—

Suitable for walking in:

porticus,

Dig. 8, 5, 8.

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—

In circumlocution: magnam Brigantium partem aut victoriā amplexus est aut bello, embraced in conquest, i. e. conquered, Tac. Agr. 17.

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—

In circumlocution: magnam Brigantium partem aut victoriā amplexus est aut bello, embraced in conquest, i. e. conquered, Tac. Agr. 17.

arbĭter, tri, m. [ar = ad (v. ad init.) and bito = eo], orig., one that goes to something in order to see or hear it; hence, a spectator, beholder, hearer, an eye-witness, a witness (class. through all periods; used several times by Plaut., but only twice by Ter.; syn.: testis, speculator, conscius).

In gen.:

aequi et justi hic eritis omnes arbitri,

Plaut. Am. prol. 16:

mi quidem jam arbitri vicini sunt, meae quid fiat domi, Ita per impluvium introspectant,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 3:

ne arbitri dicta nostra arbitrari (i. e. speculari, v. arbitror) queant,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 28; so id. ib. 2, 1, 34; id. Cas. 1, 1, 2; 1, 1, 55; id. Mil. 4, 4, 1; id. Merc. 5, 4, 46; id. Poen. 1, 1, 50; 3, 3, 50; id. Trin. 1, 2, 109:

aut desine aut cedo quemvis arbitrum,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43:

quis est decisionis arbiter?

Cic. Fl. 36:

ab arbitris remoto loco,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:

remotis arbitris,

after the removal of, id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

omnibus arbitris procul amotis,

Sall. C. 20, 1 Corte:

arbitros eicit,

Liv. 1, 41:

remotis arbitris,

id. 2, 4:

sine arbitro,

id. 27, 28:

absque arbitris,

Vulg. Gen. 39, 11:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

Cic. Att. 15, 16 B; Just. 21, 4:

secretorum omnium arbiter, i. e. conscius,

Curt. 3, 12, 9:

procul est, ait, arbiter omnis,

Ov. M. 2, 458 (cf. id. ib. 4, 63: conscius omnis abest).—

Esp.

In judic. lang., t. t., prop., he that is appointed to inquire into a cause (cf. adire hiberna, Tac. H. 1, 52, and intervenio) and settle it; hence, an umpire, arbiter, a judge, in an actio bonae fidei (i. e. who decides acc. to equity, while the judex decides acc. to laws), Sen. Ben. 3, 7 (cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, § 8; 3 B, § 42; 3 B, § 60 sq., and the jurists there cited).— So in the fragments of the Twelve Tables: JVDICI. ARBITROVE. REOVE. DIES. DIFFISVS. ESTO., ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. reus, p. 227 Müll.: Prae TOR. ARBITROS. TRES. DATO. ap. Fest. s. v. vindiciae, p. 376 Müll., and the ancient judicial formula:

P. J. A. V. P. V. D., i. e. PRAETOREM JVDICEM ARBITRVMVE POSTVLO VTI DET,

Val. Prob. p. 1539 P.:

ibo ad arbitrum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 101; so id. ib. 4, 3, 104:

Vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus: Me cepere arbitrum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 90 (arbiter dabatur his, qui de finibus regendis ambigerent, Don.); so,

arbiter Nolanis de finibus a senatu datus,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33.—Of the Hebrew judges:

subjacebit damno, quantum arbitri judicaverint,

Vulg. Exod. 21, 22.—Hence, trop.:

Taurus immensus ipse et innumerarum gentium arbiter,

that sets boundaries to numerous tribes, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 97:

arbitrum familiae herciscundae postulavit,

Cic. Caecin. 7: arbitrum illum adegit (i. e. ad arbitrum illum egit; cf.

adigo),

id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

quis in hanc rem fuit arbiter?

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12.—In the time of Cicero, when, acc. to the Lex Aebutia, the decisions were given in definite formulae of the praetor, the formal distinction between judex and arbiter disappeared, Cic. Mur. 12 fin. —

Transf. from the sphere of judicial proceedings, a judge, an arbitrator, umpire, in gen.: arbiter inter antiquam Academiam et Zenonem. Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

Judicet Dominus, arbiter hujus diei, inter etc.,

Vulg. Jud. 11, 27.—So of Paris:

arbiter formae,

Ov. H. 16, 69: pugnae, the judge, umpire of the contest, ho brabeutês, Hor. C. 3, 20, 11:

favor arbiter coronae,

which adjudged the prize of victory, Mart. 7, 72, 10.—

He that rules over, governs, or manages something, a lord, ruler, master (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; syn.: rex, dominus): arbiter imperii (Augustus), Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 47:

armorum (Mars),

id. F. 3, 73:

bibendi,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 25 (cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 18: nec regna vini sortiere talis, and in Gr. basileus tou sumposiou):

quo (sc. Noto) non arbiter Hadriae Major,

who rules over the sea, id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

arbiter Eurystheus irae Junonis iniquae,

i. e. the executor, fulfiller of her wrath, Ov. H. 9, 45 al. —In prose, Tac. A. 1, 26:

regni,

id. ib. 13, 14, where Halm reads arbitrium:

rerum,

id. ib. 2, 73:

di potentium populorum arbitri,

id. ib. 15, 24:

(JOVI) RERVM RECTORI FATORVMQVE ARBITRO,

Inscr. Orell. 1269 et saep.

arbī̆trārĭus, a, um, adj. [arbiter].

Of arbitration, arbitrating, done by way of arbitration: formula, Gai Inst. 4, 163:

actio,

Dig. 13, 4, 2; cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, §§ 67 and 68.—Hence,

Transf.

In Plaut. (with ref. to the distinction in law lang. between certus and arbitrarius:

judicium est pecuniae certae, arbitrium incertae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 4; cf. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 3 B, § 57) = incertus, uncertain, not sure:

hoc certum est, non arbitrarium,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 216.— Adv.: arbī̆trārĭō:

nunc pol ego perii certo, non arbitrario,

there's no mistake about it, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42 (the only adv. of this word in use).—

Depending on the will, arbitrary (cf. precarius):

motus in arteriā naturalis, non arbitrarius,

Gell. 18, 10 fin.

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (technê).

Lit.:

Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—

Transf.

With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.

In gen.:

Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

artes elegantes,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

laudatae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

bonae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

optimae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

magnae,

id. Or. 1, 4:

maximae,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

gravissimae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

leviores artes,

id. Brut. 1, 3:

mediocres,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

omnis artifex omnis artis,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

artifices omnium artium,

ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—

Esp., of a single art, and,

With an adj. designating it:

ars gymnastica,

gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

ars duellica,

the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

ars imperatoria,

generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

(artes) militares et imperatoriae,

Liv. 25, 9, 12:

artes civiles,

politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

artes urbanae,

i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

ars grammatica,

grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

rhetorica,

Quint. 2, 17, 4:

musica,

poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

musica,

music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

medicae artes,

the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

ars Apollinea,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

magica,

Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

maleficis artibus inserviebat,

he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—

With a gen. designating it:

ars disserendi,

dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

ars dicendi,

the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

ars eloquentiae,

id. 2, 11, 4:

ars medendi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

ars medentium,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

medicorum ars,

Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

pigmentariorum ars,

the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

ars armorum,

the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

ars pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

belli artes,

Liv. 25, 40, 5:

ars gubernandi,

navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

ars gubernatoris,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

Ov. H. 16, 364:

tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

Prop. 3, 4, 8:

fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—

Science, knowledge:

quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

ars juris civilis,

id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

(Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—

The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,

Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,

As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.

Rhetorical:

quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

artem scindens Theodori,

Juv. 7, 177.—

Grammar:

in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—

The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

qui bibit arte, bibat,

id. A. A. 2, 506:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

plausus tunc arte carebat,

was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—

(Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

Verg. A. 5, 359:

divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—

Artes (personified), the Muses:

artium chorus,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—

Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

cultusque artesque virorum,

Ov. M. 7, 58:

mores quoque confer et artes,

id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

animus insolens malarum artium,

id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

haec arte tractabat virum,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

id. ib. 2, 152:

talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 195:

fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

Luc. 4, 449:

tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1:

fugam arte simulantes,

Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

bĕnĕfĭcus (better than bĕnĭfĭcus), a, um, adj. [bene-facio] ( comp. and sup. regularly formed, beneficentior, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5; 5, 9, 2:

beneficentissimus,

Cic. Lael. 14, 51; id. N. D. 2, 25, 64; ante-class. beneficissimus, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 603 P.), generous, liberal, beneficent, obliging, favorable (rare but class.):

de Ptolemaeo rege optimo et beneficissimo, Cato, l. l.: beneficum esse oratione,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 14:

ubi beneficus, si nemo alterius causā benigne facit?

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49:

in amicum,

id. Off. 1, 14, 42; 1, 14, 44:

sunt enim benefici generique hominum amici,

id. Div. 2, 49, 102:

beneficus, salutaris, mansuetus civis,

id. Mil. 8, 20; id. Lael. 9, 31; cf. Gell. 17, 5, 4:

actio,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 5.—

* Adv.: bĕnĕfĭcē, beneficently:

facere,

Gell. 17, 5, 13.

bĕnĕfĭcus (better than bĕnĭfĭcus), a, um, adj. [bene-facio] ( comp. and sup. regularly formed, beneficentior, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5; 5, 9, 2:

beneficentissimus,

Cic. Lael. 14, 51; id. N. D. 2, 25, 64; ante-class. beneficissimus, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 603 P.), generous, liberal, beneficent, obliging, favorable (rare but class.):

de Ptolemaeo rege optimo et beneficissimo, Cato, l. l.: beneficum esse oratione,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 14:

ubi beneficus, si nemo alterius causā benigne facit?

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49:

in amicum,

id. Off. 1, 14, 42; 1, 14, 44:

sunt enim benefici generique hominum amici,

id. Div. 2, 49, 102:

beneficus, salutaris, mansuetus civis,

id. Mil. 8, 20; id. Lael. 9, 31; cf. Gell. 17, 5, 4:

actio,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 5.—

* Adv.: bĕnĕfĭcē, beneficently:

facere,

Gell. 17, 5, 13.

blandus, a, um, adj. [for mlandus; akin to meilichos, mollis, mulier; Goth. milds; Engl. mild], of a smooth tongue, flattering, fawning, caressing (class and very freq.).

Lit.:

blanda es parum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 21:

nemini credo qui large blandu'st dives pauperi,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 19:

ut unus omnium homo te vivat numquam quisquam blandior,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 21:

scis me minime esse blandum,

Cic. Att. 12, 5, 4:

unum te puto minus blandum esse quam me,

id. ib. 12, 3, 1:

blandum amicum a vero secernere,

id. Lael. 25, 95:

(Alcibiades) affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime inserviens,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 3:

an blandiores (mulieres) in publico quam in privato et alienis quam vestris estis?

Liv. 34, 2, 10:

tum neque subjectus solito nec blandior esto,

Ov. A. A. 2, 411:

canes,

Verg. G. 3, 496:

catulorum blanda propago,

Lucr. 4, 999; Nemes. Cyneg. 215; 230:

columba,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 56:

tigres,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 604; Quint. 9, 4, 133; 11, 1, 30; 11, 3, 72 al.—

Poet. constr.

With gen.:

precum,

Stat. Achill. 2, 237.—

With acc.:

genas vocemque,

Stat. Th. 9, 155.—

With inf.:

blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 11; Stat. Th. 5, 456. —

With abl.:

chorus implorat..doctā prece blandus ( = blande supplicans dis carmine quod poëta eum docuit. Orell. ad loc.),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135.—

Trop. (mostly of things).

Flattering, pleasant, agreeable, enticing, alluring, charming, seductive (cf. blandior, II. B.; blanditia, II.): blandā voce vocare, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.):

ne blandā aut supplici oratione fallamur,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26; Lucr. 6, 1245:

voces,

Verg. A. 1, 670; Cat. 64, 139:

preces,

Tib. 3, 6, 46; Hor. C. 4, 1, 8; id. A. P. 395; Ov. M. 10, 642:

querelae,

Tib. 3, 4, 75:

laudes,

Verg. G. 3, 185:

verba,

Ov. M. 2, 575; 6, 360:

dicta,

id. ib. 3, 375;

9, 156: os,

id. ib. 13, 555: pectus, Afran. ap. Non. p. 515.—So, voluptas, Lucr. 2, 966; 4, 1081; 4, 1259; 5, 179; Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6:

amor,

Lucr. 1, 20; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 49:

Veneris blandis sub armis,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 137:

amaracini liquor,

Lucr. 2, 847:

tura,

Tib. 3, 3, 2:

manus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 18; cf. Ov. M. 2, 691:

aquae,

id. ib. 4, 344:

caudae,

id. ib. 14, 258 al.:

otium consuetudine in dies blandius,

Liv. 23, 18, 12:

blandiores suci,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 4; Suet. Tib. 27:

blandissima litora, Baiae,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 96; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

actio,

Quint. 7, 4, 27: ministerium, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 12, § 1.— With dat.:

et blandae superūm mortalibus irae,

Stat. Th. 10, 836:

neque admittunt orationes sermonesve... jucunda dictu aut legentibus blanda,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 12.—

Of persons:

filiolus,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 8; cf.: nam et voluptates, blandissimae dominae ( the most alluring mistresses), majores partes animi a virtute detorquent, Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—

Persuading by caressing, persuasive:

nunc experiemur, nostrum uter sit blandior,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 56. —Hence, adv., in three forms, soothingly, flatteringly, courteously, etc.

Anteclass. form blandĭter, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 69; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3; Titin. ap. Non. p. 210, 6 (also id. ib. p. 256, 15), and ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form blandē, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 9:

compellare hominem,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 72:

me adpellare,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 61:

adloqui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 22:

dicere,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

blande, leniter, dulciter dicere,

Quint. 12, 10, 71;

and blande ac benedice,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 54:

rogare,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

excepti hospitio ab Tullo blande ac benigne,

Liv. 1, 22, 5:

quaerere,

Suet. Calig. 32:

linguā lambere,

Lucr. 5, 1066:

et satiati agni ludunt blandeque coruscant,

id. 2, 320:

colere fructus,

to treat carefully, gently, id. 5, 1368 (cf. blandimentum, II. B.):

flectere cardinem sonantem,

softly, carefully, Quint. Decl. 1, 13 al. — Comp.:

blandius petere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: ad aurem invocabat, Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124:

moderere fidem,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 13 al. — Sup.:

blandissime appellat hominem,

Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—

blandum = blande:

ridere,

Petr. 127, 1.

blandus, a, um, adj. [for mlandus; akin to meilichos, mollis, mulier; Goth. milds; Engl. mild], of a smooth tongue, flattering, fawning, caressing (class and very freq.).

Lit.:

blanda es parum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 21:

nemini credo qui large blandu'st dives pauperi,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 19:

ut unus omnium homo te vivat numquam quisquam blandior,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 21:

scis me minime esse blandum,

Cic. Att. 12, 5, 4:

unum te puto minus blandum esse quam me,

id. ib. 12, 3, 1:

blandum amicum a vero secernere,

id. Lael. 25, 95:

(Alcibiades) affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime inserviens,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 3:

an blandiores (mulieres) in publico quam in privato et alienis quam vestris estis?

Liv. 34, 2, 10:

tum neque subjectus solito nec blandior esto,

Ov. A. A. 2, 411:

canes,

Verg. G. 3, 496:

catulorum blanda propago,

Lucr. 4, 999; Nemes. Cyneg. 215; 230:

columba,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 56:

tigres,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 604; Quint. 9, 4, 133; 11, 1, 30; 11, 3, 72 al.—

Poet. constr.

With gen.:

precum,

Stat. Achill. 2, 237.—

With acc.:

genas vocemque,

Stat. Th. 9, 155.—

With inf.:

blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 11; Stat. Th. 5, 456. —

With abl.:

chorus implorat..doctā prece blandus ( = blande supplicans dis carmine quod poëta eum docuit. Orell. ad loc.),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135.—

Trop. (mostly of things).

Flattering, pleasant, agreeable, enticing, alluring, charming, seductive (cf. blandior, II. B.; blanditia, II.): blandā voce vocare, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.):

ne blandā aut supplici oratione fallamur,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26; Lucr. 6, 1245:

voces,

Verg. A. 1, 670; Cat. 64, 139:

preces,

Tib. 3, 6, 46; Hor. C. 4, 1, 8; id. A. P. 395; Ov. M. 10, 642:

querelae,

Tib. 3, 4, 75:

laudes,

Verg. G. 3, 185:

verba,

Ov. M. 2, 575; 6, 360:

dicta,

id. ib. 3, 375;

9, 156: os,

id. ib. 13, 555: pectus, Afran. ap. Non. p. 515.—So, voluptas, Lucr. 2, 966; 4, 1081; 4, 1259; 5, 179; Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6:

amor,

Lucr. 1, 20; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 49:

Veneris blandis sub armis,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 137:

amaracini liquor,

Lucr. 2, 847:

tura,

Tib. 3, 3, 2:

manus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 18; cf. Ov. M. 2, 691:

aquae,

id. ib. 4, 344:

caudae,

id. ib. 14, 258 al.:

otium consuetudine in dies blandius,

Liv. 23, 18, 12:

blandiores suci,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 4; Suet. Tib. 27:

blandissima litora, Baiae,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 96; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

actio,

Quint. 7, 4, 27: ministerium, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 12, § 1.— With dat.:

et blandae superūm mortalibus irae,

Stat. Th. 10, 836:

neque admittunt orationes sermonesve... jucunda dictu aut legentibus blanda,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 12.—

Of persons:

filiolus,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 8; cf.: nam et voluptates, blandissimae dominae ( the most alluring mistresses), majores partes animi a virtute detorquent, Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—

Persuading by caressing, persuasive:

nunc experiemur, nostrum uter sit blandior,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 56. —Hence, adv., in three forms, soothingly, flatteringly, courteously, etc.

Anteclass. form blandĭter, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 69; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3; Titin. ap. Non. p. 210, 6 (also id. ib. p. 256, 15), and ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form blandē, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 9:

compellare hominem,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 72:

me adpellare,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 61:

adloqui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 22:

dicere,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

blande, leniter, dulciter dicere,

Quint. 12, 10, 71;

and blande ac benedice,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 54:

rogare,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

excepti hospitio ab Tullo blande ac benigne,

Liv. 1, 22, 5:

quaerere,

Suet. Calig. 32:

linguā lambere,

Lucr. 5, 1066:

et satiati agni ludunt blandeque coruscant,

id. 2, 320:

colere fructus,

to treat carefully, gently, id. 5, 1368 (cf. blandimentum, II. B.):

flectere cardinem sonantem,

softly, carefully, Quint. Decl. 1, 13 al. — Comp.:

blandius petere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: ad aurem invocabat, Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124:

moderere fidem,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 13 al. — Sup.:

blandissime appellat hominem,

Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—

blandum = blande:

ridere,

Petr. 127, 1.

brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).

Lit., in space.

In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

brevior via,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

via brevis,

Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

cursus brevissimus,

Verg. A. 3, 507:

brevius iter,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

cursu brevissimus Almo,

id. M. 14, 329:

quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

brevissima terra,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

brevibus Gyaris,

Juv. 1, 73:

scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

quo brevius valent,

the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—

Trop. of the journey of life:

quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

fila vitae breviora,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —

In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

Quint. 2, 3, 8:

forma,

Ov. M. 5, 457:

(puella) longa brevisque,

id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

brevis corpore,

Suet. Galb. 3;

id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

Ov. M. 9, 789.—

Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

brevior ilex,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

mus,

little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —

In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

puteus,

Juv. 3, 226:

vada,

Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

brevia litorum,

id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

breve,

Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—

Trop.:

brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—

Of the line of a circle:

ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

Sen. Hippol. 314. —

Transf., of time.

Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.

In gen.:

quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

brevis hora,

Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

occasio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

Inscr. Orell. 558:

omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

brevissimum tempus,

id. 5, 6, 7:

detrimentum,

Quint. 11, 1, 10:

arbitrium mortis,

Tac. A. 15, 60:

breves populi Romani amores,

id. ib. 2, 41:

tempus,

Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 5:

fructus,

Lucr. 3, 914:

aevum,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

anni,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

ver,

Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

flores rosae,

quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

lilium,

id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

cena,

frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

mensa,

id. A. P. 198:

dominus,

living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

stultitia,

id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

ira furor brevis est,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

actio brevis atque concisa,

Quint. 6, 4, 2:

somnus,

Sen. Troad. 441:

nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

domus,

Sen. Hippol. 762:

fortuna,

Sil. 4, 734.—

Esp.

Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—

In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

in multo breviore temporis spatio,

id. Aug. 22:

multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

spatio brevi,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

brevi deinde,

id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

brevi omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—

Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

illa brevi spatio silet,

id. ib. 7, 307; so,

* breve,

Cat. 61, 187.—

Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

ad breve quoddam tempus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—

Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.

Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

narratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

breviores commentarii,

Quint. 3, 8, 58:

annotatio,

id. 10, 7, 31:

brevia illa atque concisa,

id. 10, 7, 10; so,

sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 60:

causae,

id. 6, 1, 8:

docendi compendia,

id. 1, 1, 24:

comprehensiones,

id. 12, 2, 19:

quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

brevior in scribendo,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

Hor. A. P. 25:

in eloquendo brevis,

Quint. 10, 1, 63:

densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

Charis. p. 176 P.:

id percurram brevi,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

aliquid explicare,

id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

circumscribere et definire,

id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

complecti,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

exponere,

id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

reprehendere,

id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

reddere,

id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

respondere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

perscribere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

in brevi,

Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

quid scribam? breve faciam,

Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

in breve coactae causae,

Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

in breve coactio causae,

Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

brevis nominum,

Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—

Of a short syllable;

rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

Hor. A. P. 251:

a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

id. 9, 4, 91.—

Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—

For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

exigua pars brevisque,

Lucr. 5, 591:

Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

Ov. H. 2, 119:

brevi latere ac pede longo est,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

parvae alvi): mus,

Ov. F. 2, 574:

forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

id. M. 5, 457.—

So, lapathi herba,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

folia breviora,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

census,

id. C. 2, 15, 13:

pondus,

id. S. 2, 2, 37:

impensa,

Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

sigillum,

id. M. 6, 86:

insulae,

Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

offulae,

id. 1, 29, 4:

pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.

Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

parvo brevius quam totus,

a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,

(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.

In gen.:

iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

Gell. 19, 1, 20.—

Esp.

In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

rem totam breviter cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

summatim breviterque describere,

id. Or. 15, 50:

breviter tangere,

id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

breviter et modice disserere,

Sall. J. 111, 1:

adicere aliquid,

Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—

Of syllables:

quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

Cic. Or. 48, 159.