a+sole

ceu, adv. [contr. from ce-ve, like neu and seu, from neve and sive], a particle of equality or comparison, as, like as, just as (in the ante-Aug. per., peculiar to more elevated poetry;

later also in prose, in Seneca and Suet., and esp. freq. in Plin. H. N.): pars vertere terga, ceu quondam petiere rates,

Verg. A. 6, 492:

ceu talpae,

Plin. 9, 6, 7, § 17:

ceu notamus in muscis,

id. 11, 48, 108, § 258; so id. 9, 37, 61, § 132; Suet. Vit. 17; Plin. 19, 12, 62, § 187.—

In poet. comparisons (hence, haud aliter follows in a corresponding clause, Verg. A. 9, 797; 10, 360, or sic, id. ib. 10, 729), like, as, like as:

tenuis fugit ceu fumus in auras,

Verg. A. 5, 740; so id. G. 3, 542; * Cat. 64, 239:

Hecuba et natae... Praecipites atrā ceu tempestate columbae,... sedebant,

Verg. A. 2, 516; * Hor. C. 4, 4, 43:

ceu nubibus arcus Mille jacit varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 5, 88; so id. ib. 5, 527.—

With cum, as when, Verg. G. 1, 303: 4, 96; id. A. 7, 673; 9, 30; 9, 792; 10, 97; Sen. Q. N. 6, 24, 4.—

With si (twice in Lucr.), Lucr. 4, 620; 6, 161.—

Sometimes in a conditional sense, as if, as it were, like as if, etc., Enn. ap. Non. p. 483, 2:

Thesea ceu pulsae ventorum flamine nubes Aërium nivei montis liquere cacumen,

Cat. 64, 239:

per aperta volans, ceu liber habenis, Aequora,

Verg. G. 3, 194; Plin. 2, 28, 28, § 98; 9, 37, 61, § 132; 34, 18, 54, § 175; Suet. Tib. 52; Stat. Th. 1, 320.— Hence, with a subj.:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

Verg. A. 2, 438; Sil. 2, 378; Stat. S. 3, 1, 6; id. Th. 2, 417; Plin. 16, 10, 18. § 41; 31, 1, 1, § 2; 34, 6, 13, § 28 al.—

In the Nat. Hist. of Pliny sometimes ceu vero = quasi vero, in refuting another's opinion, as if, just as if: ceu vero nesciam adversus Theophrastum scripsisse etiam feminam, Plin. praef. § 29; 7, 55, 56, § 188; 11, 39, 92, § 226; 12, 1, 5, § 11 al.; cf. upon this word, Hand, Turs. II. pp. 45-49.

cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].

On this side:

citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

in Galliā citeriore,

id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

citerior Hispania,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

Arabia,

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

Oceanus,

Flor. 4, 12, 46:

ripa,

Vell. 2, 107, 1.—

As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.

In space:

(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

citima Persidis (sc. loca),

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —

Trop.:

deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

citerioris vitae minister,

private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—

In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

in antiquius citeriusve,

Vell. 1, 17, 2:

citeriore die (opp. longiore),

Dig. 23, 4, 15.—

In measure or degree, small, little:

citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

citerius debito resistere,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—

Hence,

cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).

Prop.

Adv.:

(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

ultra citraque pervolare,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

citra est Oglasa,

id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

citra fuere margines,

id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—

With acc.:

Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

citra Veliam,

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

citra mare,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

mare citra,

id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

citra flumen intercepti,

Liv. 21, 48, 6:

citra Tauri juga,

id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—

(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.

Adv.:

non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

Liv. 10, 25, 4:

citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

citra exsultare,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—

With acc.:

nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—

Trop.

Adv. of measure:

neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

culta citra quam debuit illa,

id. P. 1, 7, 55.—

With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

Nec virtus citra genus est,

is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

glans cum citra satietatem data est,

not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

fatigationem,

Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

scelus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

citra necem tua constitit ira,

id. ib. 2, 127:

usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —

In time (with acc. rare;

perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

Trojana tempora,

Ov. M. 8, 365:

juventam,

id. ib. 10, 84:

temporis finem,

Dig. 49, 16, 15.—

Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

Col. 2, 2, 20:

plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

Quint. 12, 6, 4:

Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

id. 12, 10, 9:

vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

id. 12, 2, 1; so,

accusationem,

id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

id. 2, 16, 13:

citra invidiam,

Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

citra ullum aliud incommodum,

id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

citra dolorem,

id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

morsum,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

vulnus,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

citra fidem,

Tac. Agr. 1:

citra speciem aut delectationem,

id. G. 16:

citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

Suet. Caes. 28:

commoda emeritorum,

id. Aug. 24:

spem omnium fortuna cessit,

Flor. 3, 1, 2:

etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—

cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

ultro ac citro commeare,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

qui ultro citroque navigarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

cursare ultro et citro,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

Liv. 44, 23, 2:

datā ultro citroque fide,

id. 29, 23, 5:

inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

ultro citroque versus,

Amm. 30, 3, 5.

cĭthăroedus, i, m., = kitharôidos, one who plays on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice (diff. from citharista by the accompanying singing), Cic. Mur. 13, 29; id. de Or. 2, 80, 325; id. Tusc. 5, 40, 116; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3; * Hor. A. P. 355; Quint 1, 12, 3; 4, 1, 2; 11, 3, 88; Suet. Ner. 20, 21; 20, 22; 20, 41; id. Vit. 4; id. Dom. 4 al.—In fem.:

CITHAROEDA, ae,

she who plays on and sings to the cithara, Inscr. Orell. 2611.—

Prov.:

non omnes, qui habent citharam, sunt citharoedi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3.

, = kitharos, a fish of the sole kind, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 146.

cĭthăroedus, i, m., = kitharôidos, one who plays on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice (diff. from citharista by the accompanying singing), Cic. Mur. 13, 29; id. de Or. 2, 80, 325; id. Tusc. 5, 40, 116; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3; * Hor. A. P. 355; Quint 1, 12, 3; 4, 1, 2; 11, 3, 88; Suet. Ner. 20, 21; 20, 22; 20, 41; id. Vit. 4; id. Dom. 4 al.—In fem.:

CITHAROEDA, ae,

she who plays on and sings to the cithara, Inscr. Orell. 2611.—

Prov.:

non omnes, qui habent citharam, sunt citharoedi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 3.

, = kitharos, a fish of the sole kind, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 146.

clārus, a, um, adj. [kindr. with Germ. klar; Engl. clear; cf. clamo], clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of composition).

Lit.

Relating to the sight, clear, bright, shining, brilliant, etc.

Absol.:

luce clarā et candidā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49:

ut mulierum famam multorum oculis lux clara custodiat,

open day, Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; cf.:

frequentissimā celebritate et clarissimā luce laetari,

id. Cael. 20, 47:

lumen,

Lucr. 3, 1:

oculorum lumina,

id. 4, 825; cf.:

mundi lumina (i.e. sol et luna),

Verg. G. 1, 5:

oculi,

Cato, R. R. 157, 10:

incendia,

Verg. A. 2, 569:

lucerna,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 48:

scintillae ignis,

Lucr. 6, 163:

fulmina,

id. 6, 84:

vestis splendor,

id. 2, 52:

color,

id. 5, 1258; cf.:

color clarissimus,

id. 2, 830:

candor,

id. 4, 232:

loca,

id. 5, 779 al.:

caelum,

Tac. A. 1, 28:

nox,

id. Agr. 12:

pater omnipotens clarus intonat,

in the clear sky, Verg. A. 7, 141 Serv.; cf. Cic. Arat. 4:

sidus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 31:

clarissimae gemmae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62; cf.

lapides,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 14:

vitrum,

Ov. M. 4, 355:

purpurarum sidere clarior usus,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 42.—

With abl.:

speculo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 112 dub.:

argento clari delphines,

Verg. A. 8, 673:

rutilis squamis,

id. G. 4, 93:

ferrugine,

id. A. 9, 582; cf. id. ib. 11, 772 Wagn.:

auro gemmisque corona,

Ov. M. 13, 704; 2, 2; 11, 359:

albo Lucifer exit Clarus equo,

id. ib. 15, 190:

claraeque coruscis Fulguribus taedae,

Lucr. 5, 295 al. —

Poet., of the wind (cf.: albus, candidus, and in Gr. lampros anemos; v. Lidd. and Scott under lampros), making clear, i. e. bringing fair weather:

aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460 Forbig. ad loc.—

Relating to the hearing, clear, loud, distinct:

clarā voce vocare,

Lucr. 4, 711; Cic. Clu. 48, 134; id. Caecin. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 31, 12; 42, 25, 12; Ov. M. 3, 703:

lectio,

Cels. 1, 2:

clariore voce,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:

sonor,

Lucr. 4, 567:

clamor,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 27:

plausus,

id. As. Grex. 6:

plangor,

Ov. M. 4, 138:

latratus,

id. ib. 13, 806:

ictus,

id. ib. 2, 625:

strepitus, Suet. Vit. Luc.: vox (opp. obtusa),

Quint. 11, 3, 15; 9, 4, 136 Spald.:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 55; cf. id. 11, 3, 41 and 82:

syllabae clariores,

id. 8, 3, 16.—

Trop.

Clear, manifest, plain, evident, intelligible (syn.:

planus, apertus, perspicuus, dilucidus, etc.): vide ut mi haec certa et clara attuleris,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; cf.:

omnia non properanti clara certaque erunt,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

clara res est, quam dicturus sum, totā Siciliā celeberrima atque notissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61; 2, 5, 38, § 101; id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia,

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

id quod est luce clarius,

id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90:

si ea, quae dixi, sole ipso inlustriora et clariora sunt,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Div. 1, 3, 6:

caecis hoc satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9:

lumen eloquentiae,

id. 3, 8, 65; cf. id. 12, 10, 15; 11, 1, 75:

in narrando (T. Livius) clarissimi candoris,

id. 10, 1, 101 Spald. and Frotsch.:

Massinissam regem post LXXXVI. annum generasse filium clarum est,

Plin. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

somno clarius,

Ov. F. 3, 28:

exempla,

Tac. Or. 8; id. A. 4, 11:

documenta,

id. ib. 6, 22.—

Brilliant, celebrated, renowned, illustrious, honorable, famous, glorious, etc. (cf.: illustris, insignis, eximius, egregius, praestans, nobilis; a favorite epithet, esp. in the sup., like fortissimus, designating the highest praise of the honor-loving Roman; hence, a standing title, at all times, of distinguished public characters, as consuls, proconsuls, pontifices, senators, etc.):

nobilitas,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 28;

opp. to obscurus,

Lucr. 1, 639; so Quint. 5, 10, 26: clari viri atque magni, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66; Cic. Sest. 69, 144:

certe non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloriā clariores, aut auctoritate graviores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

vir fortissimus et clarissimus,

id. Verr. 1, 15, 44; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 58, § 153; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; id. Clu. 48, 134:

exempla clara et inlustria,

id. Div. 2, 3, 8:

pugna clara et commemorabilis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 111:

pax clarior majorque quam bellum fuerat,

Liv. 10, 37, 4:

animus abunde pollens potensque et clarus,

Sall. J. 1, 3; so,

facundia clara pollensque,

id. ib. 30, 4:

clara et magnifica,

id. ib. 4, 8:

clari potentesque fieri,

id. C. 38, 1:

familia,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 3, 76:

majores,

id. ib. 4, 61: pater si in Equestri gradu clarus, clarior vitricus, Plin. [p. 350] Ep. 2, 13, 4:

clarissimi consules,

id. ib. 7, 33, 8:

generis clarissimus auctor,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 19:

clarissima civitas,

Nep. Thras. 2, 1:

apud Germanicos quoque (Titus),

Tac. H. 2, 77:

scriptores,

id. A. 1, 1.—

With abl.:

clariores gloriā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; v. supra:

arte medicinae,

Quint. 3, 6, 64:

eloquendi suavitate,

id. 10, 1, 83:

sententiis,

id. 10, 1, 90:

Juppiter giganteo triumpho,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 7:

agendis causis,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 47:

Ajax toties servatis Achivis,

id. S. 2, 3, 194:

bello,

Tac. Agr. 29; id. H. 3, 44:

gens memoriā nominis,

id. ib. 1, 67:

Cluvius Rufus eloquentiā,

id. ib. 4, 43.—

With in:

in arte tibiarum,

Quint. 2, 3, 3; cf.:

clarissimi in eā scientiā,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 11:

in litteris,

Quint. 1, 6, 35:

in agendo,

id. 12, 10, 49:

in foro,

id. 10, 5, 14:

in contionibus,

id. 12, 2, 7; 12, 10, 49.—

With ex:

ex doctrinā nobilis et clarus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23.—

With ob:

ob obscuram linguam,

Lucr. 1, 639:

ob id factum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

urbs clara ob insignem munimento naturali locum,

Liv. 24, 39, 8.—

With ab:

Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes,

Verg. A. 1, 550.—

With gen.:

artis ejus,

Plin. 37, 1, 4, § 8.—

As a title:

clarissimus vir,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 1:

clarissimi consules,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 8; cf. Dig. 49, 14, 18; Lampr. Elag. 4;

Alex. Sev. 21 al.: permitto tibi vir clarissime Veiento (a senator), dicere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 19; so,

ordo = senatorius,

Vop. Aur. 18 fin.; cf. also Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 12.—

Meton., of the wives of such distinguished public characters:

clarissimae feminae,

Dig. 1, 9, 8.—

In a bad sense, notorious:

minus clarum putavit fore quod de armario quam quod de sacrario esset ablatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29:

ecquid hoc totā Siciliā clarius, ecquid indignius? etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7, §

16: populus (sc. Campanus), luxuriā superbiāque clarus,

Liv. 7, 31, 6.—Hence, adv.: clārē (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Of sight (acc. to I. A.), brightly, clearly:

clare oculis video,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 35:

clare fulgens caesaries,

Cat. 66, 9:

occidere,

of a star, Col. 11, 2, 52.— Comp.:

clarius micare,

Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43:

nitere,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 4. — Sup.:

clarissime lucere,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of hearing (acc. to I. B.), clearly, distinctly, plainly, aloud:

clare recitare,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 30: plaudite, id. Am. fin.; cf. id. Bacch. fin.:

dic,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 15 Ruhnk.:

gemere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 3:

res clare enuntiare,

Quint. 8, 3, 62:

sonare,

id. 11, 3, 55:

exscreare,

id. 11, 3, 160:

maledicere,

Suet. Vit. 14 et saep.:

palam et clare,

id. Claud. 3; cf. Mart. 7, 92, 5.— Comp.:

clarius fabulari,

Suet. Calig. 22.— Sup.:

pisces clarissime audiunt,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193; Vitr. 5, 3.—

Trop.

Mentally (acc. to II. A.), distinctly, intelligibly, clearly:

clare atque evidenter ostendere,

Quint. 8, 3, 86; cf. id. 4, 1, 1:

aliquid intellegere,

Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 16. — Comp.: eo clarius id periculum apparet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; so,

clarius intellegi,

Quint. 2, 5, 7:

clarius elucebit,

id. 12, 1, 26:

clarius ostendemus,

id. 2, 17, 25 al. — Sup., Quint. 9, 1, 19.—

Morally (acc. to II. B.), illustriously, honorably (very rare):

clarius exsplendescebat,

Nep. Att. 1, 3.

cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)

Lit.

In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

cogantur (oves) intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

pecus,

id. ib. 3, 20:

oves stabulis,

id. ib. 6, 85:

nubes in unum locum,

Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

oleam,

to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

concilium Hypatam,

Liv. 36, 26, 1:

bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

copias in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

exercitum in unum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

multitudinem in unum,

Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

in classem,

Liv. 36, 3, 5:

milites in provinciam,

id. 43, 15, 7:

exercitum Dyrrhachium,

Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

ad militiam aliquos,

id. J. 85, 3:

acies in proelia,

Verg. A. 9, 463:

auxilia undique,

id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

dum senatus cogeretur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

id. 5, 14, 9.—

Esp.

Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

Verg. G. 4, 36:

lac in duritiam,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

fel sole,

Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

liquorem in nivem,

id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

coacta alvus,

hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

vestis coacta,

fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —

Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

Liv. 22, 15, 11.—

Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—

Trop.

In gen.:

hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

in eam desperationem, ut,

Suet. Caes. 20:

verba in alternos pedes,

i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,

Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).

With acc.:

coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

vis cogendae militiae,

Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With inf:

omnia vertere,

Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

mori me,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

plerasque ad officium redire,

Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

neque cogi pugnare poterat,

id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—

With ut:

vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—

With ad:

ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

ad lacrimas,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

ad proelia,

Verg. A. 12, 581:

Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—

With in:

in lacrimas,

Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—

With acc.

With double acc.:

cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

Verg. A. 3, 56.—

With acc. of the thing:

ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

Nep. Att. 22, 2:

quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

Vell. 2, 81, 1:

adulterium,

Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—

Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—

Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,

coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —

coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

lacrimae,

Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—

coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]

Shortly, quickly:

coactius quid factum et festinantius,

Gell. 10, 11, 8.—

Accurately, strictly:

coactius interpretari verbum,

Gell. 19, 2.—

In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)

Lit.

In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

cogantur (oves) intro,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

pecus,

id. ib. 3, 20:

oves stabulis,

id. ib. 6, 85:

nubes in unum locum,

Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

oleam,

to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

concilium Hypatam,

Liv. 36, 26, 1:

bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

copias in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

exercitum in unum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

multitudinem in unum,

Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

in classem,

Liv. 36, 3, 5:

milites in provinciam,

id. 43, 15, 7:

exercitum Dyrrhachium,

Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

ad militiam aliquos,

id. J. 85, 3:

acies in proelia,

Verg. A. 9, 463:

auxilia undique,

id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

dum senatus cogeretur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

id. 5, 14, 9.—

Esp.

Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

Verg. G. 4, 36:

lac in duritiam,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

fel sole,

Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

liquorem in nivem,

id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

coacta alvus,

hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

vestis coacta,

fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —

Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

Liv. 22, 15, 11.—

Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—

Trop.

In gen.:

hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

in eam desperationem, ut,

Suet. Caes. 20:

verba in alternos pedes,

i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,

Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).

With acc.:

coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

vis cogendae militiae,

Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With inf:

omnia vertere,

Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

mori me,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

plerasque ad officium redire,

Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

neque cogi pugnare poterat,

id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—

With ut:

vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—

With ad:

ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

Nep. Them. 4, 4:

ad lacrimas,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

ad proelia,

Verg. A. 12, 581:

Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—

With in:

in lacrimas,

Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—

With acc.

With double acc.:

cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

Verg. A. 3, 56.—

With acc. of the thing:

ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

Nep. Att. 22, 2:

quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

Vell. 2, 81, 1:

adulterium,

Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—

Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—

Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,

coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —

coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

lacrimae,

Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—

coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]

Shortly, quickly:

coactius quid factum et festinantius,

Gell. 10, 11, 8.—

Accurately, strictly:

coactius interpretari verbum,

Gell. 19, 2.—

In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

col-lūcĕo ( conl-), ēre, v. n., to give light on every side, to shine brightly, to be wholly illuminated, to be bright or brilliant (class. in prose and poetry; not in Hor.).

Prop.

Absol.:

sol, qui tam longe lateque colluceat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40:

caelum conlucet omnibus,

id. Univ. 9 med.: taeda per undas, * Lucr. 6, 883:

collucent ignes,

Verg. A. 9, 166; so,

faces,

id. ib. 4, 567; Curt. 3, 8, 22:

per campum,

Tac. A. 3, 4:

lampades undique,

Ov. H. 14, 25:

pocula,

Cat. 64, 45:

plumae ignium modo,

Plin. 10, 47, 67, § 132.—

With abl.:

candelabri fulgore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71:

ignibus aedes,

Ov. M. 4, 403:

moenia flammis,

Verg. A. 5, 4; Liv. 38, 6, 2:

castra fulgore ignis,

Curt. 3, 3, 3:

polus ignibus,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 89:

omnia luminibus,

Liv. 24, 21, 9:

totus veste atque insignibus armis,

Verg. A. 10, 539.—

Ab aliquā re (cf. ab, II.):

(mare), quā a sole collucet, albescit et vibrat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 105.—

Trop., to shine, be resplendent:

vidi collucere omnia furtis tuis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58; id. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

collucent floribus agri,

Ov. F. 5, 363; cf. Col. 3, 21, 3; 10, 293.