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constrained

  • 1 coactum

    cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

    cogantur (oves) intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

    pecus,

    id. ib. 3, 20:

    oves stabulis,

    id. ib. 6, 85:

    nubes in unum locum,

    Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

    oleam,

    to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

    talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

    received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

    Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

    multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

    id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

    concilium Hypatam,

    Liv. 36, 26, 1:

    bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

    copias in unum locum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

    exercitum in unum,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

    multitudinem in unum,

    Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    in classem,

    Liv. 36, 3, 5:

    milites in provinciam,

    id. 43, 15, 7:

    exercitum Dyrrhachium,

    Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

    ad militiam aliquos,

    id. J. 85, 3:

    acies in proelia,

    Verg. A. 9, 463:

    auxilia undique,

    id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

    quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

    dum senatus cogeretur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

    coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

    id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

    cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

    ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

    contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

    quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

    id. 5, 14, 9.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

    mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

    Verg. G. 4, 36:

    lac in duritiam,

    Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

    fel sole,

    Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

    liquorem in nivem,

    id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

    coacta alvus,

    hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

    vestis coacta,

    fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —
    2.
    Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

    saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

    Liv. 22, 15, 11.—
    3.
    Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

    me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

    have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

    in eam desperationem, ut,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    verba in alternos pedes,

    i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,
    B.
    Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

    vis cogendae militiae,

    Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    (β).
    With inf:

    omnia vertere,

    Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

    mori me,

    Verg. E. 2, 7:

    plerasque ad officium redire,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

    neque cogi pugnare poterat,

    id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—
    (δ).
    With ad:

    ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    ad lacrimas,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

    ad proelia,

    Verg. A. 12, 581:

    Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

    Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—
    (ε).
    With in:

    in lacrimas,

    Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

    Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

    Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With acc.
    1.
    With double acc.:

    cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

    Quint. 11, 1, 22:

    quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

    quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

    Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

    cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

    to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

    quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

    Verg. A. 3, 56.—
    2.
    With acc. of the thing:

    ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2:

    quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

    Vell. 2, 81, 1:

    adulterium,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—
    3.
    Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

    ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—
    4.
    Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

    v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

    sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,
    1.
    coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —
    2.
    coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

    quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

    Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

    lacrimae,

    Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—
    3.
    coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]
    a.
    Shortly, quickly:

    coactius quid factum et festinantius,

    Gell. 10, 11, 8.—
    b.
    Accurately, strictly:

    coactius interpretari verbum,

    Gell. 19, 2.—
    c.
    In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coactum

  • 2 cogo

    cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):

    cogantur (oves) intro,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.

    pecus,

    id. ib. 3, 20:

    oves stabulis,

    id. ib. 6, 85:

    nubes in unum locum,

    Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:

    oleam,

    to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:

    talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,

    received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:

    Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:

    multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,

    id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:

    concilium Hypatam,

    Liv. 36, 26, 1:

    bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:

    copias in unum locum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:

    exercitum in unum,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

    multitudinem in unum,

    Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    in classem,

    Liv. 36, 3, 5:

    milites in provinciam,

    id. 43, 15, 7:

    exercitum Dyrrhachium,

    Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:

    ad militiam aliquos,

    id. J. 85, 3:

    acies in proelia,

    Verg. A. 9, 463:

    auxilia undique,

    id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:

    quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:

    dum senatus cogeretur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

    coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,

    id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:

    cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:

    ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,

    contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:

    quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,

    id. 5, 14, 9.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:

    mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),

    Verg. G. 4, 36:

    lac in duritiam,

    Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:

    fel sole,

    Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:

    liquorem in nivem,

    id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:

    coacta alvus,

    hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,

    vestis coacta,

    fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —
    2.
    Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:

    saltus in arctas coactus fauces,

    Liv. 22, 15, 11.—
    3.
    Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:

    me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

    have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

    in eam desperationem, ut,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    verba in alternos pedes,

    i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,
    B.
    Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:

    vis cogendae militiae,

    Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    (β).
    With inf:

    omnia vertere,

    Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:

    mori me,

    Verg. E. 2, 7:

    plerasque ad officium redire,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:

    neque cogi pugnare poterat,

    id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    vi coepi cogere ut rediret,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—
    (δ).
    With ad:

    ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,

    Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    ad lacrimas,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:

    ad proelia,

    Verg. A. 12, 581:

    Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,

    Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—
    (ε).
    With in:

    in lacrimas,

    Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;

    Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,

    Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—
    (ζ).
    With acc.
    1.
    With double acc.:

    cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,

    Quint. 11, 1, 22:

    quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:

    quod sua quemque mala cogebant,

    Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:

    cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,

    to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:

    quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!

    Verg. A. 3, 56.—
    2.
    With acc. of the thing:

    ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,

    Nep. Att. 22, 2:

    quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,

    Vell. 2, 81, 1:

    adulterium,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—
    3.
    Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:

    ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—
    4.
    Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;

    v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:

    sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,
    1.
    coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —
    2.
    coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:

    quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,

    Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:

    lacrimae,

    Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—
    3.
    coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]
    a.
    Shortly, quickly:

    coactius quid factum et festinantius,

    Gell. 10, 11, 8.—
    b.
    Accurately, strictly:

    coactius interpretari verbum,

    Gell. 19, 2.—
    c.
    In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cogo

  • 3 exprimō

        exprimō pressī, pressus, ere    [ex + premo], to press out, force out, squeeze forth: (lacrimulam) oculos terendo, T.: nubium conflictu ardor expressus: has (turrīs) cottidianus agger expresserat, had carried up, Cs.: expresso spinae curvamine, protruding, O.: sucina solis radiis expressa Ta.— To form by pressure, form, model, portray, exhibit: unguīs, H.: vestis artūs exprimens, Ta.— Fig., to wring out, extort, wrest, elicit: ab eis tantum frumenti: vocem, Cs.: deditionem necessitate, L.: pecunia vi expressa: Expressa arbusto convicia (in allusion to the wine-press), H.: ut negaret, constrained.—To imitate, copy, represent, portray, describe, express: magnitudine animi vitam patris: libidines versibus: Incessūs voltumque, O.: ut Euryalum exprimat infans, may resemble, Iu.: dicendo sensa: nemo expresserat, posse hominem, etc.: quae vis subiecta sit, etc.: oratorem imitando: in Platonis libris Socrates exprimitur.— To render, translate: id Latine: verbum de verbo, T.: fabellae ad verbum de Graecis expressae.— To pronounce, articulate: litteras putidius.
    * * *
    exprimere, expressi, expressus V
    squeeze, squeeze/press out; imitate, copy; portray; pronounce, express

    Latin-English dictionary > exprimō

  • 4 vincō

        vincō vīcī, vīctus, ere    [1 VIC-].—In war, to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious: ut qui vicissent, iis quos vicissent imperarent, Cs.: navalibus pugnis Carthaginiensīs.—To prevail, succeed, overcome, win: iudicio: Fabio vel indice vincam, H.: factum est; vincimur, T.: Vicit iter durum pietas, made easy, V.: virgam, to win, V.: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., S.: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., L.: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid. —To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over: (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, V.: flammam gurgitibus, extinguish, O.: Vincunt aequora navitae, master, H.: Victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, O.: Blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, O.: ubi aëra vincere summum Arboris... potuere sagittae, i. e. surmount, V.: viscera flammā, i. e. to cook, V.—To outlast, survive: (Aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, V.: vivendo vici mea fata, V.—Fig., to prevail, be superior, convince, refute, constrain, overcome: naturam studio, Cs.: vincit ipsa rerum p. natura saepe rationem: vinci a voluptate: peccavi, fateor, vincor, T.: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, L.: est qui vinci possit, H.: Victus amore pudor, O.: victus animi respe<*>t, V.: Ergo negatum vincor ut credam, am constrained, H.: verbis ea vincere, i. e. to express worthily, V.—To overmatch, surpass, exceed, excel: terrae magnitudinem: morum inmanitate beluas: mulierculam mollitiā, H.: Scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, H.—To prove triumphantly, show conclusively, demonstrate: si doceo non ab Habito, vinco ab Oppianico, prove (the fact): vici unam rem... vici alteram, I have established one point: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum: Vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, H.: Nec vincet ratio hoc, tantumdem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., H.—To prevail, gain the point, carry the day: cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus: Vicimus et meus est, O.: vincite, si ita voltis, have your way, Cs.: viceris, enjoy your victory, T.
    * * *
    vincere, vici, victus V
    conquer, defeat, excel; outlast; succeed

    Latin-English dictionary > vincō

  • 5 exprimo

    ex-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press or squeeze out, to force out (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    oleum ex malobathro,

    Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129:

    sucum expresso semini,

    id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

    sucum flore,

    id. 21, 19, 74, § 127:

    sucum radici,

    id. 27, 13, 109, § 136; cf.: vinum palmis, oleum sesamae (dat.), id. 6, 28, 32, § 161:

    oleum amygdalis,

    id. 13, 1, 2, § 8:

    sudorem de corpore,

    Lucr. 5, 487:

    lacrimulam oculos terendo,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

    si nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

    Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44:

    liquorem per densa foramina (cribri),

    Ov. M. 12, 438; cf.:

    aquam in altum,

    Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39:

    aquam in altitudinem,

    Vitr. 8, 7:

    quantum has (turres) quotidianus agger expresserat,

    had carried up, raised, Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4 Oud.:

    pecuniam alicui,

    Suet. Oth. 5; id. Vesp. 4.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    With an object denoting that out of which something is pressed or squeezed, to press, squeeze, wring:

    spongiam ex oleo vel aceto,

    Cels. 5, 24 med.:

    lanam ex vino vel aceto,

    Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31; cf.:

    Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 224:

    spongiae expressae inter duas tabulas,

    Plin. 31, 11, 47, § 128:

    oleam,

    id. 12, 27, 60, § 130:

    folia rosae,

    id. 21, 18, 73, § 122:

    tuberculum,

    id. 11, 11, 12, § 29.—
    2.
    To form by pressure, to represent, form, model, portray, express (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

    freq. in the elder Pliny): (faber) et ungues exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

    Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

    alicujus furorem... verecundiae ruborem,

    Plin. 34, 14, 40, § 140:

    expressa in cera ex anulo imago,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:

    imaginem hominis gypso e facie ipsa,

    Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153; cf.:

    effigiem de signis,

    id. ib.:

    optime Herculem Delphis et Alexandrum, etc.,

    id. 34, 8, 19, § 66 et saep.:

    vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens,

    exhibiting, showing, Tac. G. 17:

    pulcher aspectu sit athleta, cujus lacertos exercitatio expressit,

    has well developed, made muscular, Quint. 8, 3, 10.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To squeeze or wring out, to extort, wrest, elicit: lex, quam ex natura ipsa arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus, qs. pressed out, Cic. Mil. 4, 10:

    utilitas expressit nomina rerum,

    has imposed, Lucr. 5, 1029: cf.:

    cum ab iis saepius quaereret, neque ullam omnino vocem exprimere posset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 3:

    expressa est Romanis necessitas obsides dandi,

    Liv. 2, 13, 4:

    confessionem concessi maris hosti,

    id. 37, 31, 5:

    confessionem cruciatu,

    Suet. Galb. 10:

    deditionem ultimā necessitate,

    Liv. 8, 2, 6:

    pecunia vi expressa et coacta,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 165:

    tu si tuis blanditiis a Sicyoniis nummulorum aliquid expresseris,

    Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9:

    risum magis quam gemitum,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 7 et saep.—With ut:

    expressi, ut conficere se tabulas negaret,

    have constrained, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

    expressit, ut polliceretur,

    Curt. 6, 7. —
    B.
    Transf. (acc. to I. B. 2.), to imitate, copy, represent, to portray, describe, express, esp. in words (cf. reddo):

    cum magnitudine animi tum liberalitate vitam patris et consuetudinem expresserit,

    i. e. imitated, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

    lex expressa ad naturam,

    id. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

    vitia imitatione ex aliquo expressa,

    id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

    rem ante oculos ponit, cum exprimit omnia perspicue, ut res prope dicam manu tentari possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40, 62; cf. id. ib. §

    63: hanc speciem Pasiteles caelavit argento et noster expressit Archias versibus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

    mores alicujus oratione,

    id. de Or. 2, 43, 184:

    multas nobis imagines fortissimorum virorum expressas scriptores Graeci et Latini reliquerunt,

    id. Arch. 6, 14; cf. id. ib. 12, 30:

    in Platonis libris omnibus fere Socrates exprimitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 4, 15: Mithridaticum bellum magnum atque difficile totum ab hoc expressum est, depicted to the life, id. Arch. 9, 21; cf.:

    ut Euryalum exprimat infans,

    may resemble, Juv. 6, 81.—With rel.-clause as object:

    diligenter, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

    id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

    exprimere non possum, quanto sim gaudio affectus,

    tell, express, Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2; Vell. 2, 124, 1:

    verbis exprimere quid quis sentiat,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 7:

    quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

    mores in scriptis exprimere,

    Suet. Vit. Ter. 4.—Of translating into another language, to render, translate:

    si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. ib. 1, 44: katalêpsin, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

    nec tamen exprimi verbum e verbo necesse erit,

    id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; cf.:

    verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

    Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

    fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1.—Of words, to pronounce, utter:

    nolo exprimi litteras putidius nolo obscurari neglegentius,

    with affected distinctness, Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6; 9, 4, 10; 40 al.—Rarely of a personal object:

    oratorem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 90:

    moderatorem rei publicae nostris libris diligenter expressimus,

    id. Att. 8, 11, 1.—Hence, expressus, a, um, P. a., clearly exhibited, prominent, distinct, visible, manifest, clear, plain, express (syn. solidus, opp. adumbratus).
    A.
    Lit.:

    species deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi, nihil eminentis,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf.:

    litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

    corpora lacertis expressa,

    powerful, muscular, Quint. 8 praef. §

    19: protinus omnibus membris, expressus infans,

    fully formed, id. 2, 4, 6.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen.:

    habuit Catilina permulta maximarum non expressa signa, sed adumbrata virtutum,

    Cic. Cael. 5, 12; cf.:

    est gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

    id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3 (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 62, p. 723 sq.):

    indicia solida et expressa,

    id. Planc. 12; cf.:

    veri juris germanaeque justitiae solida et expressa effigies,

    id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    expressa sceleris vestigia,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

    expressiora et illustriora,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 9; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 3; and:

    quid expressius atque signatius in hanc causam?

    Tert. Res. Carn. 3.—
    2.
    Expressa carmina Battiadae, translated, Cat. 65, 16.—Of distinct pronunciation:

    vitia oris emendet, ut expressa sint verba, ut suis quaeque litterae sonis enuntientur,

    Quint. 1, 11, 4:

    expressior sermo,

    id. 1, 1, 37:

    expressior loquacitas generi picarum est,

    Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118. —In a bad sense, of a too emphatic, affected pronunciation: sonus erat dulcis: litterae neque expressae neque oppressae, ne aut obscurum esset aut putidum, Cic Off. 1, 37, 133.—Hence, adv.: expressē.
    * 1.
    Lit., with pressure, strongly:

    artus expressius fricare,

    Scrib. Comp. 198.—
    2.
    Trop., expressly, distinctly, clearly:

    conscripta exempla,

    Auct. Her. 4, 7, 10:

    quod ipsum expressius Hesiodus hoc versu significavit,

    Col. 11, 1, 29.—Of pronunciation, distinctly:

    ut ea (R littera) a nullo expressius efferretur,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, 1 ext.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exprimo

  • 6 vinco

    vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In war or battle:

    jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

    Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

    Galliam bello,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:

    non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,

    id. ib. 7, 29:

    id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:

    vicimus vi feroces,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:

    L. milia,

    to win at play, August. ib. 71.—
    B.
    In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:

    vincere judicio,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:

    quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:

    causam suam,

    to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:

    factum est: ventum est: vincimur,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—
    C.
    In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:

    sponsione,

    Cic. Quint. 27, 84:

    sponsionem,

    id. Caecin. 31, 91:

    vicit iter durum pietas,

    controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:

    labor omnia vicit,

    Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.

    difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,

    to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:

    vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,

    Sall. J. 16, 1:

    factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,

    Liv. 2, 30, 2:

    cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,

    id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:

    competitorem in suffragiis,

    Quint. 7, 1, 29.—
    D.
    Transf., of inanimate subjects.
    1.
    To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:

    (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,

    Verg. A. 9, 92:

    victa ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:

    flammam gurgitibus,

    id. Am. 3, 6, 42:

    noctem flammis,

    Verg. A. 1, 727:

    vincunt aequora navitae,

    prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:

    victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,

    Ov. F. 1, 222:

    quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,

    id. ib. 1, 676:

    corpora victa sopore,

    id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:

    blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,

    id. ib. 3, 19:

    hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,

    Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:

    campum turbā vincente,

    overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—
    2.
    To outlast, survive:

    (aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,

    Verg. G. 2, 295:

    vivendo mea fata,

    id. A. 11, 160.—
    3.
    To surmount, scale:

    aëra (sagittae),

    Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:

    montes ascensu,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—
    4.
    To reduce, change, etc.;

    of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,

    Verg. G. 3, 560:

    cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,

    Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:

    metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,

    Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:

    nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,

    Ov. F. 2, 220.—

    Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,

    Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:

    argumentis vincit,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:

    naturam studio,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 43:

    vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;

    hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?

    id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

    animum,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

    non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,

    Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

    labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

    eludet, ubi te victum senserit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

    illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?

    id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

    adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,

    id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

    peccavi, fateor, vincor,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 31:

    victus patris precibus lacrimisque,

    Liv. 23, 8, 4:

    divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

    est qui vinci possit,

    id. S. 1, 9, 55:

    pietas Victa furore,

    id. C. 3, 27, 36:

    victus amore pudor,

    Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:

    filia victa in lacrimas,

    Tac. A. 1, 57:

    victus animi respexit,

    Verg. G. 4, 491:

    triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,

    Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:

    ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,

    am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:

    stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

    opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

    exspectationem omnium,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

    eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:

    morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:

    quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,

    Hor. Epod. 11, 24:

    odio qui posset vincere Regem,

    id. S. 1, 7, 6:

    scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,

    id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

    qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,

    id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—
    2.
    To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.
    (α).
    With obj.-clause:

    quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:

    profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,

    id. Most. 1, 2, 12:

    vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,

    Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:

    vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—
    (β).
    With ut:

    nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,

    Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—
    3.
    With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,
    a.
    Vicimus:

    cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,

    Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,

    Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;

    mecum mea vota feruntur,

    Ov. M. 6, 513:

    vicimus et meus est,

    id. ib. 4, 356.—
    b.
    Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:

    vincite, si ita vultis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:

    vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,

    Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:

    viceris,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—
    4.
    To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):

    nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

    Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:

    vincere verbis,

    Lucr. 5, 733.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vinco

См. также в других словарях:

  • Constrained — Con*strained , a. Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; as, a constrained manner; a constrained tone. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • constrained — [kən strānd′] adj. 1. compelled; forced; obliged 2. forced and unnatural [a constrained laugh] constrainedly [kənstrān′id lē] adv …   English World dictionary

  • constrained — index arrested (apprehended), bound, controlled (restrained), obligatory Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • constrained — adj. (formal) (cannot stand alone) constrained to + inf. (we were constrained to act) * * * [kən streɪnd] (formal) (cannot stand alone) constrained to + inf. (we were constrained to act) …   Combinatory dictionary

  • Constrained — Constrain Con*strain , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constrained}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Constraining}.] [OF. constraindre, F. contrainde, L. constringere; con + stringere to draw tight. See {Strain}, and. cf. {Constrict}, {Constringe}.] 1. To secure by bonds; …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • constrained — adjective 1 constrained to do sth feeling that you are forced to do something: In the recession companies felt constrained to make job cuts where possible. 2 a constrained smile, manner etc seems too controlled and is not natural constrainedly… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • constrained — constrainedly /keuhn stray nid lee/, adv. /keuhn straynd /, adj. 1. forced, compelled, or obliged: a constrained confession. 2. stiff or unnatural; uneasy or embarrassed: a constrained manner. [1565 75; CONSTRAIN + ED2] * * * …   Universalium

  • constrained — con|strained [kənˈstreınd] adj be/feel constrained to do sth to feel that you must do something ▪ He felt constrained to accept the invitation …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • constrained — /kənˈstreɪnd/ (say kuhn straynd) adjective forced; cramped; restrained; stiff or unnatural: a constrained smile; a constrained manner. –constrainedly /kənˈstreɪnədli/ (say kuhn straynuhdlee), adverb …  

  • constrained — adj. VERBS ▪ be, feel ADVERB ▪ highly, severely, tightly ▪ She felt tightly constrained by her family commitments …   Collocations dictionary

  • constrained — adjective she was uncharacteristically constrained whenever her in laws were visiting Syn: unnatural, awkward, self conscious, forced, stilted, strained; restrained, reserved, reticent, guarded Ant: relaxed …   Thesaurus of popular words

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