721

sū̆prā (orig. form sŭpĕrā, Lucr. 1, 429; 4, 672; 5, 1407; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 106; cf. Prisc. pp. 980 and 1001 P.), adv. and prep. [superus].

Adv., on the upper side, on the top, above.

Lit., of place:

omnia haec, quae supra et subter, unum esse dixerunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 20:

partes eae, quae sunt infra quam id, quod devoratur, dilatantur, quae autem supra, contrahuntur,

id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

magno numero jumentorum in flumine supra atquo infra constituto,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64; and:

et mare, quod supra, teneant, quodque alluit infra,

Verg. A. 8, 149:

oleum supra siet,

Cato, R. R. 119; 101:

cotem illam et novaculam defossam in comitio supraque impositum puteal accepimus,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33:

toto vertice supra est,

i. e. is taller, Verg. A. 11, 683: ut letata corpora vidit Victoremque supra hostem, i. e. lying or stretched over them, Ov. M. 3, 56; cf.:

stupet inscia supra,

Verg. A. 7, 381.— Comp.:

alia superius rapiuntur,

upward, on high, Sen. Q. N. 5, 8, 3: piscina superius construenda, Pall. 1, 34, 2 (opp. subterius, Isid. 16, 8, 4).—

Trop.

Of time, before, formerly, previously (esp. of any thing previously said or written):

quae supra scripta est,

Cato, R. R. 157, 2:

quod jam supra tibi ostendimus,

Lucr. 1, 429:

quae supra dixi,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 208:

quae supra scripsi,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

quem supra deformavi,

id. Caecin. 5, 14:

uti supra demonstravimus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 1:

ut supra dixi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9; id. Lael. 4, 15; 14, 48:

ut supra scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 5:

de quo (filio) commemoravi supra,

Nep. Dion, 6, 2:

supra repetere,

farther back, from past times, Sall. C. 5, 9; id. J. 5, 3; Tac. A. 16, 18.— Comp.:

quantum valerent inter homines litterae, Dixi superius,

before, farther back, Phaedr. 4, 23, 2: ut superius demonstravimus, Auct. B. Hisp. 28, 4; 34, 5.—

Of number or measure, beyond, over, more:

supra adjecit Aeschrio,

offered higher, more, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 77:

amor tantus ut nihil supra possit,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

ita accurate, ut nihil posset supra,

id. Att. 13, 19, 3:

nihil pote supra,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11:

voltu Adeo modesto, ut nihil supra,

id. And. 1, 1, 93; id. Eun. 3, 1, 37:

nihil supra Deos lacesso,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 11.—After et or aut ( poet. and post-class.):

agrum fortasse trecentis Aut etiam supra nummorum milibus emptum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 165:

quot illum putas annos secum tulisse? Septuaginta et supra,

Petr. 43 fin.:

tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

a triginta annis et supra,

Vulg. Num. 4, 23; 4, 30; 4, 35 (cf. II. B. 2. infra).—

With quam, less freq. quod, above or beyond what, more than:

saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

corpus patiens inediae, algoris, vigiliae, supra quam cuiquam credibile est,

Sall. C. 5, 3; id. J. 24, 5:

dominandi supra quam aestimari potest avidissimus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1 med.:

supra quam optari potuit,

Amm. 17, 1, 12:

supra quod capere possum,

Dig. 32, 1, 28.—

Prep. with acc., above, over.

Lit., of place:

si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec exissent umquam supra terram,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

ille qui supra nos habitat,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 38:

supra tribunal et supra praetoris caput,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 77:

supra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

supra se in summo jugo,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

accubueram horā nonā... et quidem supra me Atticus, infra Verrius,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1:

saltu supra venabula fertur,

Verg. A. 9, 553:

supra segetes Navigat,

over the cornfields, Ov. M. 1, 295:

attolli supra ceteros mortales,

Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 27 (dub.;

Jahn, super): supra lignum turba insilit,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 20:

ecce supra caput homo levis ac sordidus,

i. e. burdensome, annoying, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; so,

supra caput esse,

to be close at hand, Sall. C. 52, 24; cf. Verg. A. 3, 194; Liv. 3, 17, 4; 4, 22, 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; Sen. Ep 108;

rarely supra capita,

Liv. 42, 42, 6.—

In partic., of geographical position, above, beyond: supra Maeotis paludes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 5, 17, 49 (Epigr. v. 7, p. 163 Vahl.):

supra Suessulam,

Liv. 23, 32, 2:

Syene oppidum, quod est supra Alexandriam quinque millibus stadiorum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183;

supra Britanniam,

id. 2, 97, 99, § 217. —

Trop.

Of time, before:

paulo supra hanc memoriam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19; supra septingentesimum annum, Liv. praef. § 4.—

Of number, degree, or quantity.

With numbers, = plus, amplius (not in Cic. or Cæs.), over, above, beyond, more than:

supra quattuor milia hominum orabunt ut, etc.,

Liv. 43, 3, 2:

caesa eo die supra milia viginti,

id. 30, 35, 3; 3, 31, 4:

supra septem milia hominum domos remisit,

id. 21, 23, 6; 23, 17, 2; 23, 37, 11 sq.; 23, 49, 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17; 3, 6, 1; 3, 7, 11:

supra duos menses sapor ejus non permanet integer,

Col. 12, 49, 3:

tres (cyathos),

Hor. C. 3, 19, 15.—

In gen.:

quibus solida ungula, nec supra geminos fetus,

Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 233; cf.:

de floribus supra dictus scripsit Theophrastus,

besides, id. 21, 3, 9, § 13:

hominis fortunam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

ratio supra hominem putanda est deoque tribuenda,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 34:

potentia, quae supra leges se esse velit,

id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

humanam supra fortunam,

Phaedr. 4, 24, 24:

supra Coclites Muciosque id facinus esse,

Liv. 2, 13, 8:

modum,

id. 21, 7, 7; Col. 4, 27, 4:

vires,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22: humanam fidem Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38: morem, Verg. G. 2, 227; Sall. C. 3, 2:

supra belli Latini metum id quoque accesserat, quod,

besides, Liv. 2, 18, 3.—Prov.:

supra homines, supra ire deos pietate,

i. e. to attain the highest degree, Verg. A. 12, 839 Heyne ad loc.—

Sometimes to indicate that over which one is placed as superintendent (mostly postclass.):

dispositi, quos supra somnum habebat,

watchers, Curt. 6, 11, 3:

qui supra bibliothecam fuerunt,

Vitr. 7, praef. §

5: servus supra rationes positus,

Pseudo Quint. Decl. 353:

SVPRA INSVLAS,

Inscr. Orell. 721 and 2927:

SVPRA IVMENTA,

ib. 2870:

SVPRA VELARIOS,

ib. 2967:

SVPRA COCOS,

ib. 2827; Inscr. Grut. p. 1111, 1.—

Compounds formed with supra are extremely rare. In late Lat. supradictus, suprafatus, suprafundo, suprajacio, supranatans, suprasedeo, etc., are found, but here supra is properly written separately as an adv.; only suprascando (v. h. v.), on account of its signif., is to be written as one word.

taeda ( tēda), ae ( gen. taedaï, Lucr. 6, 897), f. [etym. dub.; cf. taedet], a resinous species of pine-tree, the pitch-pine tree (syn. fax): Pinus combra, Linn.

Lit., Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 44; 16, 11, 21, § 52; 37, 3, 11, § 43;

35, 6, 25, § 41: ceu flamma per taedas equitavit,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 43. —

Transf.

Resinous fir or pine wood, pitch-pine:

cupas taedā ac pice refertas incendunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11; 3, 101:

pyrā erectā taedis atque ilice sectā,

Verg. A. 4, 505:

schedias taedā comburere,

Vitr. 7, 10.—

A pitchpine torch, a torch: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.); cf.:

taedae ardentes Furiarum,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46; id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

Ceres dicitur inflammasse taedas eis ignibus, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106; cf. Ov. F. 4, 494:

accensis currere taedis,

Prop. 2, 32, 9:

taedas Hymenaeus Amorque Praecutiunt,

Ov. M. 4, 758; so of a nuptial torch, id. H. 4, 121; Verg. A. 4, 18 al.; hence, poet., a wedding, marriage, id. ib. 4, 339; 7, 388; 9, 76; Ov. M. 9, 721; 9, 768; 4, 326; 14, 677;

15, 826: copulari taedis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 493:

jungere taedas,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 53:

teque mihi taeda pudica dedit,

Ov. H. 6, 134:

sacra conubia fallere taedae,

Mart. 6, 2, 1; and for love, in gen., Prop. 1, 8, 21: taedaeque ad funera versae, torches reversed, in sign of mourning, Sil. 2, 184; 13, 547.—As an instrument of torture:

verbera, carnifices, robur, pix, lamina, taedae,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Juv. 1, 155. —

A pine board, a sawn plank:

dolato confisus ligno, digitis a morte remotus Quattuor, aut septem, si sit latissima taeda,

Juv. 12, 59. —

A small piece of pork or fat, used for religious purposes, Arn. 7, 230.

Trōs, Trōis, m., = Trôs, a king of Phrygia, after whom Troy was named; he was the son of Erichthonius and grandson of Dardanus, Verg. G. 3, 36; Ov. F. 4, 33; Sil. 11, 297; Aus. Idyll. 12, 19.—Hence,

Trōja or Trōia, ae, f., Troy, a city of Phrygia, Mel. 2, 3, 6; Liv. 1, 1; Verg. A. 1, 1; 3, 3; Ov. M. 11, 199 sq.; 13, 404 sq.—

Transf.

A place founded by Æneas in the Laurentine territory in Italy, Liv. 1, 1, 3.—

A place settled by Helenus in Epirus, Ov. M. 13, 721; Verg. A. 3, 349.—

A Roman game played on horseback, a sort of sham-fight, Verg. A. 5, 596 sq.; Suet. Caes. 39; id. Aug. 43; id. Calig. 18 fin.; id. Claud. 21; cf. Fest. p. 367.—Hence,

Trōĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

Aeneas,

Verg. A. 1, 596; Ov. M. 14, 156:

heros,

i. e. Æsacus, id. ib. 11, 773:

sacra,

Tib. 2, 5, 40 (Troica, Müll.):

arma,

Verg. A. 1, 249; 3, 306:

gaza,

id. ib. 1, 119.—

Trōjānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

urbs,

i. e. Troy, Verg. A. 1, 624:

moenia,

Ov. M. 13, 23:

regna,

id. ib. 9, 232:

opes,

Verg. A. 2, 4:

bellum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 1; Ov. M. 15, 160:

tempora,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 11; Ov. M. 8, 365; Sen. Cons. Helv. 8, 6; id. Ep. 88, 40:

judex,

i. e. Paris, Ov. F. 4, 121: ludi, i. e. the game of Troy (v. 2. c. supra), Suet. Tib. 6.— Prov.: equus Trojanus, for a concealed danger, a secret artifice:

intus, intus inquam est equus Trojanus,

Cic. Mur. 37, 78. —Equus Trojanus is also the title of a tragedy of Nœvius, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; 7, 1, 2.— Subst.

Trōjāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Troy, the Trojans, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82; id. Inv. 1, 22, 32; id. Phil. 2, 22, 59; Lucr. 1, 476; Verg. A. 11, 421; Ov. M. 13, 702; Liv. 1, 1, 2; Sen. Ep. 27, 5.—

Trō-jānum, i, n., a country-place in Latium, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6.—

Trōĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

tempora,

Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

bellum,

Vell. 1, 5, 3; Ov. P. 2, 10, 14:

Vesta,

id. M. 15, 730; cf.

ignis,

the perpetual fire which was kept in the temple of Vesta at Rome, Stat. S. 1, 1, 35:

fata,

Ov. H. 1, 28.—

Trōs, ōis, m., a Trojan. Verg. A. 1, 574; 10, 108; 6, 52.— Plur., Verg. A. 1, 172; 2, 325; 5, 265; 12, 137; Ov H. 1, 13; id. M. 12, 67; 13, 91; 13, 269.—

Trōăs, ădis or ădŏs, adj. f., Trojan:

in agro Troade,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

humus,

Ov. H. 13, 94:

matres,

ib. ib. 16, 183:

turba,

Sen. Troad. 84.—More freq.,

Subst.

A Trojan woman, Ov. M. 13, 566; 13, 421; 13, 481; id. H. 13, 137; Verg. A. 5, 613. —

Troas, the title of a tragedy by Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 6, 7: Troades, the title of a tragedy by Seneca. —

The region about Troy, the Troad, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 121; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Mel. 1, 2; 1, 18; 2, 7. —

Trōĭădes, um, f., Trojan women, Pers. 1, 4.

Trōs, ōis, m., v. 1. Tros, B. 4.

Trōs, Trōis, m., = Trôs, a king of Phrygia, after whom Troy was named; he was the son of Erichthonius and grandson of Dardanus, Verg. G. 3, 36; Ov. F. 4, 33; Sil. 11, 297; Aus. Idyll. 12, 19.—Hence,

Trōja or Trōia, ae, f., Troy, a city of Phrygia, Mel. 2, 3, 6; Liv. 1, 1; Verg. A. 1, 1; 3, 3; Ov. M. 11, 199 sq.; 13, 404 sq.—

Transf.

A place founded by Æneas in the Laurentine territory in Italy, Liv. 1, 1, 3.—

A place settled by Helenus in Epirus, Ov. M. 13, 721; Verg. A. 3, 349.—

A Roman game played on horseback, a sort of sham-fight, Verg. A. 5, 596 sq.; Suet. Caes. 39; id. Aug. 43; id. Calig. 18 fin.; id. Claud. 21; cf. Fest. p. 367.—Hence,

Trōĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

Aeneas,

Verg. A. 1, 596; Ov. M. 14, 156:

heros,

i. e. Æsacus, id. ib. 11, 773:

sacra,

Tib. 2, 5, 40 (Troica, Müll.):

arma,

Verg. A. 1, 249; 3, 306:

gaza,

id. ib. 1, 119.—

Trōjānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

urbs,

i. e. Troy, Verg. A. 1, 624:

moenia,

Ov. M. 13, 23:

regna,

id. ib. 9, 232:

opes,

Verg. A. 2, 4:

bellum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 1; Ov. M. 15, 160:

tempora,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 11; Ov. M. 8, 365; Sen. Cons. Helv. 8, 6; id. Ep. 88, 40:

judex,

i. e. Paris, Ov. F. 4, 121: ludi, i. e. the game of Troy (v. 2. c. supra), Suet. Tib. 6.— Prov.: equus Trojanus, for a concealed danger, a secret artifice:

intus, intus inquam est equus Trojanus,

Cic. Mur. 37, 78. —Equus Trojanus is also the title of a tragedy of Nœvius, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; 7, 1, 2.— Subst.

Trōjāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Troy, the Trojans, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82; id. Inv. 1, 22, 32; id. Phil. 2, 22, 59; Lucr. 1, 476; Verg. A. 11, 421; Ov. M. 13, 702; Liv. 1, 1, 2; Sen. Ep. 27, 5.—

Trō-jānum, i, n., a country-place in Latium, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6.—

Trōĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

tempora,

Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

bellum,

Vell. 1, 5, 3; Ov. P. 2, 10, 14:

Vesta,

id. M. 15, 730; cf.

ignis,

the perpetual fire which was kept in the temple of Vesta at Rome, Stat. S. 1, 1, 35:

fata,

Ov. H. 1, 28.—

Trōs, ōis, m., a Trojan. Verg. A. 1, 574; 10, 108; 6, 52.— Plur., Verg. A. 1, 172; 2, 325; 5, 265; 12, 137; Ov H. 1, 13; id. M. 12, 67; 13, 91; 13, 269.—

Trōăs, ădis or ădŏs, adj. f., Trojan:

in agro Troade,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

humus,

Ov. H. 13, 94:

matres,

ib. ib. 16, 183:

turba,

Sen. Troad. 84.—More freq.,

Subst.

A Trojan woman, Ov. M. 13, 566; 13, 421; 13, 481; id. H. 13, 137; Verg. A. 5, 613. —

Troas, the title of a tragedy by Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 6, 7: Troades, the title of a tragedy by Seneca. —

The region about Troy, the Troad, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 121; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Mel. 1, 2; 1, 18; 2, 7. —

Trōĭădes, um, f., Trojan women, Pers. 1, 4.

Trōs, ōis, m., v. 1. Tros, B. 4.

Trōs, Trōis, m., = Trôs, a king of Phrygia, after whom Troy was named; he was the son of Erichthonius and grandson of Dardanus, Verg. G. 3, 36; Ov. F. 4, 33; Sil. 11, 297; Aus. Idyll. 12, 19.—Hence,

Trōja or Trōia, ae, f., Troy, a city of Phrygia, Mel. 2, 3, 6; Liv. 1, 1; Verg. A. 1, 1; 3, 3; Ov. M. 11, 199 sq.; 13, 404 sq.—

Transf.

A place founded by Æneas in the Laurentine territory in Italy, Liv. 1, 1, 3.—

A place settled by Helenus in Epirus, Ov. M. 13, 721; Verg. A. 3, 349.—

A Roman game played on horseback, a sort of sham-fight, Verg. A. 5, 596 sq.; Suet. Caes. 39; id. Aug. 43; id. Calig. 18 fin.; id. Claud. 21; cf. Fest. p. 367.—Hence,

Trōĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

Aeneas,

Verg. A. 1, 596; Ov. M. 14, 156:

heros,

i. e. Æsacus, id. ib. 11, 773:

sacra,

Tib. 2, 5, 40 (Troica, Müll.):

arma,

Verg. A. 1, 249; 3, 306:

gaza,

id. ib. 1, 119.—

Trōjānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

urbs,

i. e. Troy, Verg. A. 1, 624:

moenia,

Ov. M. 13, 23:

regna,

id. ib. 9, 232:

opes,

Verg. A. 2, 4:

bellum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 1; Ov. M. 15, 160:

tempora,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 11; Ov. M. 8, 365; Sen. Cons. Helv. 8, 6; id. Ep. 88, 40:

judex,

i. e. Paris, Ov. F. 4, 121: ludi, i. e. the game of Troy (v. 2. c. supra), Suet. Tib. 6.— Prov.: equus Trojanus, for a concealed danger, a secret artifice:

intus, intus inquam est equus Trojanus,

Cic. Mur. 37, 78. —Equus Trojanus is also the title of a tragedy of Nœvius, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; 7, 1, 2.— Subst.

Trōjāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Troy, the Trojans, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82; id. Inv. 1, 22, 32; id. Phil. 2, 22, 59; Lucr. 1, 476; Verg. A. 11, 421; Ov. M. 13, 702; Liv. 1, 1, 2; Sen. Ep. 27, 5.—

Trō-jānum, i, n., a country-place in Latium, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6.—

Trōĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Troy, Trojan:

tempora,

Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

bellum,

Vell. 1, 5, 3; Ov. P. 2, 10, 14:

Vesta,

id. M. 15, 730; cf.

ignis,

the perpetual fire which was kept in the temple of Vesta at Rome, Stat. S. 1, 1, 35:

fata,

Ov. H. 1, 28.—

Trōs, ōis, m., a Trojan. Verg. A. 1, 574; 10, 108; 6, 52.— Plur., Verg. A. 1, 172; 2, 325; 5, 265; 12, 137; Ov H. 1, 13; id. M. 12, 67; 13, 91; 13, 269.—

Trōăs, ădis or ădŏs, adj. f., Trojan:

in agro Troade,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3:

humus,

Ov. H. 13, 94:

matres,

ib. ib. 16, 183:

turba,

Sen. Troad. 84.—More freq.,

Subst.

A Trojan woman, Ov. M. 13, 566; 13, 421; 13, 481; id. H. 13, 137; Verg. A. 5, 613. —

Troas, the title of a tragedy by Q. Cicero, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 6, 7: Troades, the title of a tragedy by Seneca. —

The region about Troy, the Troad, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 121; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Mel. 1, 2; 1, 18; 2, 7. —

Trōĭădes, um, f., Trojan women, Pers. 1, 4.

Trōs, ōis, m., v. 1. Tros, B. 4.

vānus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. vaco], that contains nothing, empty, void. vacant.

Lit. (rare;

not in Cic.): sed illos Exspectata seges vanis elusit aristis,

Verg. G. 1, 226:

leve ac vanum granum,

Col. 2, 9, 13:

ne vana urbis magnitudo esset,

Liv. 1, 8, 5:

vanior jam erat hostium acies,

id. 2, 47, 4:

videtis ordines raros, cornua extenta, mediam aciem vanam et exhaustam,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

vanam aciem esse ratus,

i. e. thin, weak, id. 4, 14, 8: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini, i. e. to the shade of the dead (so called as being without a body), Hor. C. 1, 24, 15; 3, 27, 41.—

Trop., empty as to purport or result, idle, null, groundless, unmeaning, fruitless, vain (freq. and class.): omnes dant consilium vanum, Enn. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 13 (Trag. Rel. v. 419 Vahl.):

falsum aut vanum aut fictum (opp. vera),

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 24:

oratio,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98: vana quaedam atque inania polliceri. id. Planc. 42, 101:

vana falsaque,

Plin. 30, 2, 5, §

14: res tumida, vana, ventosa,

Sen. Ep. 84, 11:

orationi vanae crediderunt,

idle, delusive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

non bellum sed vanam imaginem belli insedisse,

Liv. 3, 16, 5:

verba,

Ov. M. 13, 263:

convicia,

id. ib. 9, 303:

historiae,

Quint. 1, 8, 20:

argumentum,

id. 7, 2, 34:

error,

Lucr. 1, 1068:

agitatio armorum,

Liv. 7, 10, 8:

metus,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 3; Ov. H. 16, 342:

gaudia,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 188:

spes,

Ov. M. 14, 364:

ira,

Val. Fl. 8, 374; Liv. 1, 10, 4:

fides,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

omen,

Ov. M. 2, 597:

vox auguris,

id. ib. 3, 349:

cuspis,

id. ib. 8, 346:

pila omnia,

Liv. 7, 23, 8:

pleraque tela,

id. 30, 10, 13:

ensis,

id. 7, 10, 9:

ictus,

id. 34, 39, 2:

promissa,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

vana et irrita testamenta,

Suet. Calig. 38:

vaniore dicendi genere inflata (gens),

Quint. 12, 10, 17:

sententiarum vanissimus strepitus,

Petr. 1.—With abl.:

postquam equestris pugna effectu quam conatibus vanior erat,

Liv. 7, 7, 8:

oratio non suis vana laudibus, non crimine alieno laeta,

id. 4, 41, 1.—

Subst.: vānum, i, n., emptiness, nothingness, naught:

ad vanum et irritum redacta victoria,

brought to nothing, Liv. 26, 37, 8:

nec tota ex vano criminatio erat,

i. e. groundless, without cause, id. 33, 31, 4:

ex vano habere spem,

id. 27, 26, 1:

cedit labor in vanum,

Sen. Hippol. 182. — Plur.:

haud vana adtulere,

Liv. 4, 37, 6.— Neutr. plur. adverb.:

ut vidit (Arruntem) laetantem animis ac vana tumentem,

i. e. vainly, with vain show, Verg. A. 11, 854.—With gen.:

corruptus vanis rerum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 25:

vana rumoris,

Tac. A. 4, 59.—

Vanum est, with subject-clause:

vanum arbitror esse circa canis ortum angues candidos membranam eam exuere,

Plin. 30, 3, 8, § 25.—

Transf., of persons, false, lying, deceptive, delusive, untrustworthy:

vanus et perfidiosus et impius,

false, Cic. Quint. 6, 26:

vanus mendaxque,

Verg. A. 2, 80:

haruspices,

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 36:

haec mihi non vani (neque erat cur fallere vellent) Narravere senes,

i. e. veracious, Ov. M. 8, 721; cf.:

ingenium dictatoris,

Liv. 1, 27, 1:

vane Ligus frustraque animis elate superbis,

Verg. A. 11, 715:

vir omnium vanissimus,

Vell. 2, 30, 1:

invidia vulgi vanum ingenium dictatoris corrupit,

weak, wavering, Liv. 1, 27, 1:

ne irrisus ac vanus iisdem castris assideret, etc.,

in vain, Tac. H. 2, 22 fin. —With gen.:

aut ego (i. e. Juno) veri Vana feror,

Verg. A. 10, 631:

voti vanus,

i. e. deceived, Sil. 12, 261:

turba vana sanctitudinis,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43, 1.—

Esp., vainglorious, ostentatious, boastful, vain:

Cn. Lentulus perincertum stolidior an vanior,

Sall. H. 4, 35 Dietsch ad loc.:

laudare se vani, vituperare stulti est,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8.—With abl.:

hunc ingenio vanum Aetoli inpulerant in spem regni,

Liv. 35, 47, 7.—Hence, adv.: vānē, idly, vainly (post-class.):

vane gaudere,

Tert. Apol. 49:

vanius excogitatum,

App. Mag. p. 300, 41:

praecavere vanissime,

Tert. Pud. 1.

vānus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. vaco], that contains nothing, empty, void. vacant.

Lit. (rare;

not in Cic.): sed illos Exspectata seges vanis elusit aristis,

Verg. G. 1, 226:

leve ac vanum granum,

Col. 2, 9, 13:

ne vana urbis magnitudo esset,

Liv. 1, 8, 5:

vanior jam erat hostium acies,

id. 2, 47, 4:

videtis ordines raros, cornua extenta, mediam aciem vanam et exhaustam,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

vanam aciem esse ratus,

i. e. thin, weak, id. 4, 14, 8: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini, i. e. to the shade of the dead (so called as being without a body), Hor. C. 1, 24, 15; 3, 27, 41.—

Trop., empty as to purport or result, idle, null, groundless, unmeaning, fruitless, vain (freq. and class.): omnes dant consilium vanum, Enn. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 13 (Trag. Rel. v. 419 Vahl.):

falsum aut vanum aut fictum (opp. vera),

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 24:

oratio,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98: vana quaedam atque inania polliceri. id. Planc. 42, 101:

vana falsaque,

Plin. 30, 2, 5, §

14: res tumida, vana, ventosa,

Sen. Ep. 84, 11:

orationi vanae crediderunt,

idle, delusive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117:

non bellum sed vanam imaginem belli insedisse,

Liv. 3, 16, 5:

verba,

Ov. M. 13, 263:

convicia,

id. ib. 9, 303:

historiae,

Quint. 1, 8, 20:

argumentum,

id. 7, 2, 34:

error,

Lucr. 1, 1068:

agitatio armorum,

Liv. 7, 10, 8:

metus,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 3; Ov. H. 16, 342:

gaudia,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 188:

spes,

Ov. M. 14, 364:

ira,

Val. Fl. 8, 374; Liv. 1, 10, 4:

fides,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

omen,

Ov. M. 2, 597:

vox auguris,

id. ib. 3, 349:

cuspis,

id. ib. 8, 346:

pila omnia,

Liv. 7, 23, 8:

pleraque tela,

id. 30, 10, 13:

ensis,

id. 7, 10, 9:

ictus,

id. 34, 39, 2:

promissa,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

vana et irrita testamenta,

Suet. Calig. 38:

vaniore dicendi genere inflata (gens),

Quint. 12, 10, 17:

sententiarum vanissimus strepitus,

Petr. 1.—With abl.:

postquam equestris pugna effectu quam conatibus vanior erat,

Liv. 7, 7, 8:

oratio non suis vana laudibus, non crimine alieno laeta,

id. 4, 41, 1.—

Subst.: vānum, i, n., emptiness, nothingness, naught:

ad vanum et irritum redacta victoria,

brought to nothing, Liv. 26, 37, 8:

nec tota ex vano criminatio erat,

i. e. groundless, without cause, id. 33, 31, 4:

ex vano habere spem,

id. 27, 26, 1:

cedit labor in vanum,

Sen. Hippol. 182. — Plur.:

haud vana adtulere,

Liv. 4, 37, 6.— Neutr. plur. adverb.:

ut vidit (Arruntem) laetantem animis ac vana tumentem,

i. e. vainly, with vain show, Verg. A. 11, 854.—With gen.:

corruptus vanis rerum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 25:

vana rumoris,

Tac. A. 4, 59.—

Vanum est, with subject-clause:

vanum arbitror esse circa canis ortum angues candidos membranam eam exuere,

Plin. 30, 3, 8, § 25.—

Transf., of persons, false, lying, deceptive, delusive, untrustworthy:

vanus et perfidiosus et impius,

false, Cic. Quint. 6, 26:

vanus mendaxque,

Verg. A. 2, 80:

haruspices,

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 36:

haec mihi non vani (neque erat cur fallere vellent) Narravere senes,

i. e. veracious, Ov. M. 8, 721; cf.:

ingenium dictatoris,

Liv. 1, 27, 1:

vane Ligus frustraque animis elate superbis,

Verg. A. 11, 715:

vir omnium vanissimus,

Vell. 2, 30, 1:

invidia vulgi vanum ingenium dictatoris corrupit,

weak, wavering, Liv. 1, 27, 1:

ne irrisus ac vanus iisdem castris assideret, etc.,

in vain, Tac. H. 2, 22 fin. —With gen.:

aut ego (i. e. Juno) veri Vana feror,

Verg. A. 10, 631:

voti vanus,

i. e. deceived, Sil. 12, 261:

turba vana sanctitudinis,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43, 1.—

Esp., vainglorious, ostentatious, boastful, vain:

Cn. Lentulus perincertum stolidior an vanior,

Sall. H. 4, 35 Dietsch ad loc.:

laudare se vani, vituperare stulti est,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8.—With abl.:

hunc ingenio vanum Aetoli inpulerant in spem regni,

Liv. 35, 47, 7.—Hence, adv.: vānē, idly, vainly (post-class.):

vane gaudere,

Tert. Apol. 49:

vanius excogitatum,

App. Mag. p. 300, 41:

praecavere vanissime,

Tert. Pud. 1.

vēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [velum], to cover, cover up, wrap up, wrap, envelop, veil, etc. (class.; syn.: contego, induo).

Lit.:

capite velato,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 10; Quint. 2, 13, 13; 6, 1, 48:

caput velatum filo,

Liv. 1, 32, 6; cf.:

capita ante aras Phrygio amictu,

Verg. A. 3, 545:

varices,

Quint. 11, 3, 143:

partes tegendas,

Ov. M. 13, 479:

velanda corporis,

Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 3: antennas, covered with or supporting the sails, Verg. A. 3, 549.—Of clothing:

velatus togā,

enveloped, clothed, Liv. 3, 26, 10:

purpurea veste,

Ov. M. 2, 23:

tunicā,

id. F. 3, 645:

stolā,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 71; Tib. 1, 5, 25 (3, 4, 55):

amiculis,

Curt. 3, 3, 10:

umeros chlamyde,

Spart. Sev. 19.—Of other objects:

maternā tempora myrto,

Verg. A. 5, 72:

tempora purpureis tiaris,

to wrap round, bind round, Ov. M. 11, 181:

tempora vittis,

id. P. 3, 2, 75:

coronā,

id. ib. 4, 14, 55; cf.

in a Greek construction: Amphicus albenti velatus tempora vittā,

id. M. 5, 110:

cornua lauro,

id. ib. 15, 592:

frondibus hastam,

id. ib. 3, 667:

serta molas,

id. F. 6, 312:

Palatia sertis,

id. Tr. 4, 2, 3:

delubra deūm fronde,

Verg. A. 2, 249: velatis manibus orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum, i. e. holding the velamenta (v. h. v. I. C.), Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 101; cf.:

velati ramis oleae,

Verg. A. 11, 101. —

Milit. t. t.; P. a. as subst.: vēlāti, ōrum, m., soldiers who wore only a cloak; only in the phrase accensi velati, a kind of supernumerary troops who followed the army to fill the places of any who might fall, Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40; and in late Lat. inscrr. freq. sing.:

ACCENSVS VELATVS, one such soldier,

Inscr. Orell. 111; 1368; 2153; 2182; v. accenseo, P. a. B.—

Trop., to hide, conceal (post-Aug.; several times in Tac.;

otherwise rare): odium fallacibus blanditiis,

Tac. A. 14, 56:

externa falsis armis,

id. H. 4, 32; cf. id. A. 12, 61:

primas adulescentis cupidines,

id. ib. 13, 13:

culpam invidiā,

id. ib. 6, 29: scelere velandum est scelus, Sen. Hippol. 721:

nihil (with omittere),

Plin. Pan. 56, 1.—Hence, * vēlātō, adv., through a veil, darkly, obscurely:

deum discere,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 29.

vŏlūmen, ĭnis, n. [volvo; a thing that is rolled or wound up; hence],

A roll of writing, a roll, book, volume (the predom. signif. of the word; cf.:

codex, liber): volumen plenum querelae iniquissimae,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 2:

tuis oraculis Chrysippus totum volumen implevit,

id. Div. 2, 56, 115:

volumen explicare,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

caeleste Epicuri de regulā et judicio,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 43:

evolvere volumen,

id. Att. 9, 10, 4:

hic plura persequi magnitudo voluminis prohibet, Nep. praef. § 8: illa uberius volumine amplecti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 1.— Plur.:

evolvere volumina,

Quint. 2, 15, 24: volumina apophthegmatôn, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

pontificum libros, annosa volumina vatum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 26:

signata volumina,

id. ib. 1, 13, 2; Dig. 32, 1, 52.—

In partic., like liber, of a separate portion of a work, a part, book:

quoniam duobus superioribus (libris) de morte et de dolore dictum est, tertius dies disputationis hoc tertium volumen efficiet,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

sedecim volumina epistularum ad Atticum missarum,

Nep. Att. 16, 3; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 27; Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 171; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5; Col. 3, 21, 11; Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 19 al.—

A roll, whirl, wreath, fold, eddy, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

(anguis) sinuat immensa volumine terga,

Verg. A. 2, 208; cf. id. ib. 5, 85; 11, 753; Ov. M. 4, 599; 15, 721:

crurum (equi),

bendings, joints, Verg. G. 3, 192:

fumi,

wreath, whirl, Ov. M. 13, 601; Luc. 3, 505:

undae,

id. 5, 565:

siderum,

revolution, Ov. M. 2, 71.—

Trop., revolution, alteration, change:

sortis humanae volumina,

Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 147.