τῷ+ἡλίῳ

τρύω [ῡ], Keil-Premerstein

A Erster Berichtp.9 ([place name] Troketta), cj. in Orph.Fr.270.5: [tense] fut. τρύσω [ῡ] A.Pr.27:—used mostly in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. τέτρῡμαι (v. infr.), other tenses being borrowed from τείρω and perh. τρύχω, τρυχόω: but [tense] aor. [voice] Med.

κατα-τρύσαιο Nic.Al. 593

: [tense] pres. [voice] Pass.

τρύομαι Call.Fr.5.4P.

, IGRom.4.360.21 (Pergam., ii A. D.): cf. ἀποτρύω:—wear out, distress,

ἀχθηδὼν κακοῦ τρύσει σε A.

l. c.:—[voice] Pass., to be worn out,

τέτρυσαι Simon.144

;

τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον κακοῦ Hdt.1.22

, cf. 2.129;

δάκρυσιν τετρύμεθα AP9.549

(Antiphil.): mostly in part. τετρυμένος (freq. with v.l. τετριμμένος)

, τετρ. ταλαιπωρίῃσί τε καὶ ἡλίῳ Hdt.6.12

;

πόνοις τετρυμένα σώματα Pl.Lg. 761d

;

γήρᾳ AP6.228

([place name] Adaeus); γήραϊ καὶ πενίῃ ib.7.336;

τετρ... εὗδεν Ἔρως AP9.627

(Marian.);

ἐκ πορείας Plu.Eum.15

;

συνειδέναι τοῖς σφετέροις πράγμασι τετρυμένοις Plb.1.62.7

, cf. 1.71.3;

ὑπὸ τῆς κακοπαθείας Id.10.13.11

; τετρυμένη κλίνη, = τρυφερῶς ἐστρωμένη, Sor. 1.68 (s. v.l.). (τρῡ-, found also in ἄ-τρῡ-τος, τρύ-χ-ω, τρῦχος, is the weak grade of τερῠ-, found in τερύσκεται, τέρυ (qq.v.); cf. also τείρω, ἀ-τερά-μων.)

φᾱνός, ή, όν, ([var] contr. fr. φαεινός)

A light, bright, Parm.8.41, Phryn. Com.93;

ἅμα φανοτάτῳ τινὶ πυρί Pl.Phlb. 16c

;

ἵνα ὡς φανότατον ᾖ τὸ ἔσω X.Cyn.10.7

; τὸ φ. brightness, light, ib.5.18;

στρέφειν πρὸς τὸ φ. ἐκ τοῦ σκοτώδους Pl.R. 518c

, cf. 478c ([comp] Comp.); φανά τε καὶ καλά ib. 506d, cf. Phld.Po.2.45;

φανότατος ἀήρ Gal.18(2).285

;

τοῖς φανοτάτοις θεῶν Ἡλίῳ καὶ Σελήνῃ Hld.10.4

.

2 of garments, washed clean,

χλαῖνα Ar.Ach. 845

(lyr.);

σισύρα Id.Ec. 347

.

3 bright, joyous,

φαναῖς ἐν εὐφροσύναις A.Pr. 538

(lyr.);

φ. βίον διάγειν Pl.Phdr. 256d

.

4 conspicuous,

ἐλλόγιμος καὶ φ. Id.Smp. 197a

.

5 Adv. - νῶς clearly: [comp] Comp.

φανότερον Jul.Or.4.145b

; [comp] Sup. φανότατα, Luc. Hist.Conscr.44.

II Φᾶνος, ὁ (properisp., cf. Hdn.Gr.1.175), name of a συκοφάντης, Ar.Eq. 1256.

------------------------------------

φᾱνός, ὁ,

A torch, Ar.Lys. 308;

ὑπὸ φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι X.Lac.5.7

; ποῖος

φ. τοιοῦτος οἷος ὁ ἥλιος; Alex.87

; distd. from λύχνος, Anaxandr.48, cf. Phryn.40; but prob. = λύχνος in UPZ5.18, 6.15 (ii B. C.), Stud.Pal.10.251.2 (vi A. D.);

μετὰ φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων Ev.Jo.18.3

, cf. PLond.3.1159.59 (ii A. D.): the form [full] πᾱνός (prob. a different word) is found in A.Ag. 284, S.Fr. 184, E. Ion 195 (lyr.), Fr.90, Diph.6, Men.62.

II φ. ὑελοῦς glass cover, Olymp.Alch.p.75 B.

2 a form of still, Zos.Alch.p.224 B.

ἀναφαίνω, poet. [pref] ἀμφ-: [tense] fut. -φᾰνῶ, but

A

- φᾱνῶ E.Ba. 528

codd. (

- φαίνω Herm.

): [tense] aor. ἀνέφηνα, Hellenistic - έφᾱνα: [tense] pf. - πέφηνα late, Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.3:—cause to give light, make to blaze up,

ξύλα, δαΐδας Od.18.310

.

2 bring to light, produce,

ὄφιας Hdt.4

. 105.

b show forth, make known, display, θεοπροπίας, ἀρετήν, ἐπεσβολίας, Il.1.87, 20.411, Od.4.159;

πραπίδων καρπόν Pi.Fr. 211

;

κἀνέφηνεν οὐ δεδειγμένα S.Fr.432.7

;

ἀ. θυσίας E.IT 466

;

ὀργάν Id.Ba. 538

;

ἄστρα X.Mem.4.3.4

;

ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡλίῳ.. χάριν οἶδα ὅτι μοι Κλεινίαν ἀ. Id.Smp.4.12

; rarely of sound, βοὰν ἀμφ. send forth a loud cry, A. Supp. 829;

ἀ. μελέων νόμους Ar.Av. 745

:—in [voice] Med.,

νίκαν ἀνεφάνατο Pi.I.4(3).71

.

3 proclaim, declare,

βασιλέα ἀ. τινά Id.P.4.62

; νικάσαις ἀνέφανε Κυράναν ib.9.73, cf. N.9.12: c. part.,

τοὺς πολίτας ἀγαθοὺς ὄντας ἀ. Pl.Criti. 108c

: c. inf., ἀναφαίνω σε τόδε.. ὀνομάζειν I proclaim that they call thee by this name, E.Ba. 528:—[voice] Med., in [dialect] Dor. form ἀμφ-, adopt as one's son, Leg.Gort.10.34, al.

b of things, appoint, institute,

ὃς τελετὰς ἀνέφηνε καὶ ὄργια IG3.713

, cf. Marm.Par.28;

νῆσον ἀ. τινὶ οἰκεῖν Philostr.Her.19.16

.

4

ἀναφάναντες τὴν Κύπρον

having sighted..,

Act.Ap.21.3

.

II [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ἀναφᾰνήσομαι Ar.Eq. 950

, Pl.Prm. 132a, al.; but also

- φανοῦμαι Id.Plt. 289c

: [tense] pf. ἀναπέφασμαι, but

- πέφηνα Hdt.

(v. infr.), etc.: [tense] aor.

ἀνεφᾰνην Ar.V. 124

:—to be shown forth, appear plainly,

ἀναφαίνεται ἀστήρ Il.11.62

; ἀ. αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ib. 174;

τῇ δεκάτῃ.. ἀνεφαίνετο πατρὶς ἄρουρα Od.10.29

;

τὸ Δέλτα ἐστὶ νεωστὶ ἀναπεφηνός Hdt.2.15

, cf. S.OC 1222 (lyr.), etc.;

ἀ. ὁ βλάπτων A.Ch. 328

.

b reappear, Hdt.4.195; of rivers which flow underground, Id.6.76, 7.30; simply, spring up, ib. 198.

2 ἀναφανῆναι μούναρχος to be declared king, Id.3.82;

στρατηγὸς ἀ. Pl. Ion 541e

;

κλέπτης τις ὁ δίκαιος.. ἀναπέφανται

proved to be..,

Id.R. 334a

, cf. Smp. 185a; ἀ. λογογράφος ἐκ τριηράρχου from a sea-captain to come out a romancer, Aeschin. 3.173:—also c. part.,

ἀναπέφανται ὢν ἀγαθός Pl.R. 350c

; ἀναφαίνεσθαι ἔχων, σεσωσμένοι, to be seen or found to have, to be plainly in safety, etc., Id.Sph. 233c, X.Cyr.3.2.15, etc.

III the [voice] Act. intr. in later Greek,

ἀνέφαινεν ἕσπερος Musae.111

(v.l.), cf. Hld.5.22:— ἀναφῆναι is prob.f.l. for ἀναφανῆναι in Hdt.1.165.

ἀνέχω, [tense] impf. ἀνεῖχον: also [full] ἀνίσχω, [tense] impf. ἀνῖσχον: [tense] fut.

A

ἀνέξω Archil. 82

, Luc.Hist.Conscr.4(s. v l.), also

ἀνασχήσω Hdt.5.106

,7.14, E.IA 732: [tense] aor.

ἀνέσχον 11.17.310

, etc.; poet. ἀνέσχεθον ib.10.461, E. Med. 1027, [dialect] Ep. inf.

ἀνσχεθέειν Od.5.320

: [tense] pf.

ἀνέσχηκα S.E.M.7.190

, Phalar.Ep. 105:—[voice] Med. [full] ἀνέχομαι: [tense] impf. ἠνειχόμην (with double augm.) A.Ag. 905, S.Ph. 411, Th.1.77, etc.: [tense] fut.

ἀνέξομαι 11.5.895

, S.El. 1028, D.18.160, etc.; also

ἀνασχήσομαι A.Th. 252

, Ar.Ach. 299, [dialect] Ep. inf.

ἀνσχήσεσθαι 11.5.104

: [tense] aor.

ἀνεσχόμην 18.430

, A.Ch. 747 codd., E.Hipp. 687 (where ἠνέσχου is contra metr.); more freq. with double augm.

ἠνεσχόμην Hdt.5.48

, A.Ag. 1274; and [dialect] Att., as Ar.Nu. 1363, Th.3.28, Lys.3.3, etc.; sync.

ἠνσχόμην S.Ant. 467

; [ per.] 2sg. imper. ἄνσχεο (v. infr. c. 11):—[voice] Pass., D.H.3.55, LXX 4 Ma.1.35.

A trans., hold up, lift up, χεῖρας ἀνέσχον held up their hands in fight (v. infr. c.1), Od.18.89 (later of pugilists, hold up the hands in token of defeat, Theoc.22.129):—freq. lift up the hands in prayer,

θεοῖσι δὲ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον 11.3.318

, cf. 1.450, Archil.82, etc.; so ἄνακτι εὐχὰς ἀ. offer prayers, perhaps with uplifted hands, S.El. 636;

ἄνεχε χέρας, ἄνεχε λόγον E.El. 592

; also ἀ. τὴν χεῖρα offer the hand (to shake), Theopomp.Com.82 (dub.).

2 lift up as an offering,

τάγ' Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι.. ὑψόσ' ἀνέσχεθε χειρί 11.10.461

; as a testimony,

σκῆπτρον ἀ. πᾶσι θεοῖσι 7.412

; μαζὸν ἀ., of Hecuba entreating her son Hector, 22.80;

κενεὰς.. ἀνέσχε γλήνας A.R.2.254

;

ἄκουε δ' ἀν' οὖς ἔχων A.Fr. 126

.

3 ἀ. φλόγα hold up a torch, esp. at weddings, E.IA 732: hence the phrase ἄνεχε, πάρεχε sc. τὸ φῶς) hold up, pass on the light in procession, Id.Tr. 308, Cyc. 203, cf. Ar.V. 1326; also

ἀ. φάος σωτήριον E.Med. 482

;

τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ πυρός Th.4.111

.

4 lift up, exalt,

τὰ κείνων Pi.P.2.89

.

5 hold up, prop, sustain, οὐρανὸν καὶ γῆν, of Atlas, Paus.5.11.5;

κίων ἀ. τὴν στέγην Oenom.

ap. Eus.PE 5.34:—[voice] Pass.,

γέφυρα σκάφαις ἀνεχομένη D.H.3.55

:—but more freq.,

b metaph., uphold, maintain,

εὐδικίας Od.19.111

;

πολέμους Th.1.141

; ὄργια ἀ. keep up the revels, Ar.Th. 948;

Βάκχης ἀνέχων λέκτρ' Ἀγαμέμνων

remaining constant to,

E.Hec. 121

(v. infr. B. 3); οἰνῶπ' ἀνέχουσα κισσόν keeping constant to, haunting the ivy, S. OC 674 (s. v. l.); βαρὺν ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἔχοισα keeping up his anger, Theoc. 1.96.

6 put forth,

δάφνα ἀ. πτόρθους E.Hec. 459

(lyr.).

II hold back, check,

ἄνεχ' ἵππους 11.23.426

;

ἀ. τὰ ὅπλα διὰ τῶν ἀνακλητικῶν D.H.9.21

; ἀ. Σικελίαν μὴ ὑπ' αὐτοὺς εἶναι keep it from being.., Th.6.86;

ἑαυτὸν ἀπό τινος Plu.2.514a

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἀνέχεται τὰ πάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ λογισμοῦ LXX4 Ma.1.35

.

B intr., rise up, emerge,

ἀνσχεθέειν.. ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς Od.5.320

; of a diver, Hdt.8.8;

σκόπελοι ἐν τῷ Νείλῳ ὀξέες ἀ. Id.2.29

;

ἀ. ἐς ἀέρα A.R.3.1383

.

b esp. in form ἀνίσχω, of the sun,

πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα Hdt.3.98

, etc.; so

λαμπὰς ἀνίσχει A.Ag.93

(lyr.);

ἅμ' ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι X.Cyn.6.13

, cf. Eub.119.9.

c of events, arise, happen, Hdt.5.106,7.14.

d appear, show oncself,

ἄελπτον ὄμμα.. φήμης ἀνασχόν S.Tr. 204

; turn out, prove to be,

μελοποιὸς ἢ τραγῳδὸς ἄριστος Eun.Hist.p.209D.

e stand up,

κίονες περὶ τοίχοις A.R. 3.217

.

2 come forth,

αἰχμὴ παρὰ.. ὦμον ἀνέσχεν 11.17.310

, cf. Plu. Caes.44; of a headland, jut out into the sea, Hdt.7.123, Th.1.46, etc.;

ἀ. πρὸς τὸ Σικελικὸν πέλαγος Id.4.53

, cf. D.23.166; ἐς τὸν πόντον [τὴν ἄκρην] ἀνέχοντα jutting out with its headland into the sea, Hdt. 4.99 (dub. l.); reversely,

κοιλάδες ἐς μεσόγαιαν ἐκ θαλάσσης ἀ. Str. 3.2.4

.

3 hold on, keep doing, c. part.,

ἀ. διασκοπῶν Th.7.48

; σε.. στέρξας ἀνέχει is constant in his love for thee, S.Aj. 212 (lyr., cf. supr. A.1.5b): c. dat.,

τελεταῖς

practise regularly,

Eun.Hist.p.249

D.: abs., wait,

ταύτῃ ἀνέχειν Th.8.94

, cf. 2.18.

4 hold up, cease,

Ζεὺς οὔθ' ὕων πάντεσσ' ἁνδάνει οὔτ' ἀνέχων Thgn.26

, cf. X.HG1.6.28; dub. l. in Hp.Epid.5.20.

5 c. gen., cease from,

οὐδὲ.. καμάτων ἀνέχουσι γυναῖκες S.OT 174

;

τοῦ πολέμου App.Pun.75

;

τοῦ φονεύειν Plu.Alex. 33

.—Hom. uses no tense intr. exc. [tense] aor.

C [voice] Med., hold up what is one's own,

ὁ δ' ἀνέσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος 11.5.655

;

δούρατ' ἀνασχόμενοι 11.594

, etc.: hence ἀνασχόμενος is often used abs. (sc. ἔγχος, ξίφος, etc.),

πλῆξεν ἀ. 3.362

;

κόψε δ' ἀ. Od.14.425

;

πὺξ μάλ' ἀνασχομένω πεπληγέμεν 11.23.660

; also ἄντα δ' ἀνασχομένω χερσί ib. 686.

II hold oneself up, bear up, οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω δηρὸν ἔτ' ἀνσχήσεσθαι ib.5.285, cf.Od.11.375: [tense] aor. imper. ἀνάσχεο, = τέτλαθι, be of good courage, 11.1.586;

ἄνσχεο

be patient,

23.587

; ἀνὰ δ' ἔχευ is prob. l. for ἀνὰ δ' εὖ in Archil.6.2: in [tense] pres. part., ἀνεχόμενοι φέρουσι τὸν χειμῶνα they bear with patience, Hdt.4.28; Stoic motto

ἀνέχου καὶ ἀπέχου Gell.17.19

.

2 c. acc.,

τοσσάδ' ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα 11.18.430

;

ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκ' ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν 24.518

;

τὴν δουλοσύνην οὐκ ἀ. Hdt.1.169

;

τὰ πρὶν κακὰ ἠνειχόμεσθα A.Ag. 905

, etc.;

χαλκὸν ἀνασχέσθαι 11.4.511

, etc.: c. acc.pers., οὐ γὰρ ξείνους.. ἀνέχονται they do not suffer or bear with strangers, Od.7.32, cf. 17.13;

τῶν ἵππων οὔτι ἀνεχομένων τὰς καμήλους Hdt.7.87

;

τούτους ἀνάσχου δεσπότας E.Alc. 304

, cf. Eup.6 D.: c. acc. rei et gen. pers.,

οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτοῦ ἀγελαστὶ ἠνέσχετο ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη Ath.5.188c

, cf. Ar.Lys. 507.

3 c. gen., dub. in Hom., δουλοσύνης ἀνέχεσθαι v.l. in Od.22.423; so

ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς ἀ. Pl.Prt. 323a

, cf. D.19.16; to be content with,

τοῦ ἐν σώματι κάλλους Plot.5.9.2

.

4 the dependent clause is mostly (always in Hom.) in part., οὐ μάν σε.. ἀνέξομαι ἄλγε' ἔχοντα I will not suffer thee to have.., 11.5.895; οὐ γὰρ ἀεργὸν [ὄντα] ἀνέξομαι I will not suffer one [to be].., Od.19.27;

εἰ τὸν.. θανόντ' ἄθαπτον ἠνσχόμην νέκυν S.Ant. 467

;

οὐκ ἀνέξεται τίκτοντας ἄλλους E.Andr. 712

; καὶ γάρ κ'.. ἀνεχοιμην ἥμενος for I would be content to sit.., Od.4.595;

σοῦ κλύων ἀνέξεται A.Pers. 838

, cf. S. El. 1028, Ph. 411;

ἀνάσχεσθε σιγῶσαι Id.Fr. 679

; also

οὐ σῖγ' ἀνέξει; Id.Aj.75

: freq. in Prose, Hdt.1.80, 206, 5.19, al., Th.2.74, etc.;

ἄποτος ἀ. Arist.HA 596a2

; also

ἀ. τοῦ ἄλλα λέγοντος Pl.R. 564d

;

ἀ. τῶν οἰκείων ἀμελουμένων Id.Ap. 31b

;

οὐδ' ἂν ἠνέσχεσθε εἴ τις.. D. 21.170

:—also in [voice] Act.,

ἀνέσχηκα Phalar.Ep. 105

.

5 rarely c. inf., suffer,

οὐκ ἀνέξομαι τὸ μὴ οὐ.. A.Eu. 914

;

κοκκύζειν τὸν ἀλεκτρυόν' οὐκ ἀνέχονται Cratin.311

;

ἀνακεκλίσθαι οὐκ ἀ. Aret.SA1.9

;

ἀ. πάντα ὑπομένειν Alciphr.3.34

;

σὺν ἄλλοις βιοῦν οὐκ ἀ. Ael.NA6.30

.

b dare to do,

ἀνέσχοντο τὸν ἐπιόντα δέξασθαι Hdt.7.139

.

c οὐκ ἀ., c. inf., refuse to do.., POxy.903.36,al.

III rarely, hold on by one another, hang together,

ἀνά τ' ἀλλήλησιν ἔχονται Od.24.8

.

ἀνταυγ-άζω,

A = ἀνταυγέω, πρὸς ἥλιον Hld.1.2, cf. 9.14.

II trans., expose to the light, illuminate,

ἡλίῳ βίον ἀ. Ph.2.260

.

ἐλειθερεῖ· εὐδία, and [full] ἐλειθερεῖς ( ἐλειτεθ- cod.)· ἐν ἡλίῳ τιθέμενοι ἢ θερμοί, Hsch.; cf. εἱληθερής.

ἐνᾰτεν-ίξω, [tense] fut. - ιῶ CratesEp.15:—

A fix steadfastly on,

τὰς ἀκοάς τινι Iamb.VP15.65

;

τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς.. Sor.1.70

.

II intr., look fixedly on one, LXX 3 Ma.5.30, Hld.7.7, PMag.Leid.W.5.44;

ἐ. δριμὺ καὶ τιτανῶδες Lib.Decl.51.10

: c. dat., [ ἡδοναῖς] Cratesl.c.;

ἡλίῳ S.E.P. 1.45

, cf. Syrian. in Metaph.45.16;

διαγράμματι Iamb. in Nic.p.88

P.

ἐπικατα-δύνω [pron. full] [ῡ],

A dive after, Poll.1.108.

ἰσόμοιρ-ος, ον, Cret. [pref] ϝισϝό- Leg.Gort.10.53, GDI4974 (Gort.): ([etym.] μοῖρα)

A sharing equally or alike, c. gen. rei,

πάντων X.Cyr.4.6.12

, etc.;

τῶν ἄλλων ἰ. ἔστω SIG1044.40

(Halic., iv B.C.); γῆς ἰσόμοιρ' ἀήρ air that sharest earth equally [with light], S.El.87 (anap.): c. dat.,

τιμαῖς ἰσόμοιρον ἔθηκεν τὰν ὁμόλεκτρον ἥρωσιν IG12(3).1190.3

([place name] Melos); ἰσόμοιρον, τό, equal portion, Nic.Th. 592: abs.,

ἰσόμοιρα.. ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ φῶς καὶ σκότος D.L.8.26

. Adv.

- ρως Eust.161.20

.

2 equivalent, corresponding, c. dat.,

κίβισιν, βάκτρῳ ἅρπην ἰσόμοιρον AJA9.320

([place name] Sinope).

3 Astrol., occupying the same degree,

αἱ κατ' ἰσόμοιρον στάσεις Vett.Val.70.31

, cf. Man.4.194;

τὴν Ἀφροδίτην ἰσόμοιρον οὖσαν ἡλίῳ Procl.Hyp.1.21

. Adv.

- ρως Cat.Cod.Astr.5(1).219

.

ἰσοχρόν-ιος, ον,= sq., Thphr.CP4.11.2, Euc.Phaen. p.4 M., al., HeroDioptr.38;

A

στροφή Cleom.2.4

;

διαστήματα Ptol. Tetr.36

: c. dat.,

τὸ -χρόνιον εἶναι τὸ παρὰ φύσιν τῷ κατὰ φύσιν Simp. in Cael.430.6

. Adv.

- ίως Ptol.Alm.13.2

, Heph.Astr.1.10; τῷ ἡλίῳ Theo Sm.p.171 H.

ἱππο-θῠτέω,

A sacrifice horses,

τῷ Ἡλίῳ Str. 11.8.6

.

ὁμόδρομ-ος, ον,

A running the same course with,

τῷ ἡλίῳ Pl.Epin. 987b

, cf. Plu.2.1029b: c. gen., Nonn.D.1.250 : abs., πορείη ib.48.318. Adv.

- μως Tz.H.10.537

.

ὄνᾰρ, τό, used only in nom. and acc. sg., the other cases being supplied by ὄνειρος (q. v.):—

A dream, vision in sleep, opp. a waking vision,

οὐκ ὄ., ἀλλ' ὕπαρ ἐσθλόν Od.19.547

, cf. 20.90 ;

ἡλίῳ δείκνυσι τοὔναρ S.El. 425

;

εἶδον ὄ. Ar.Eq. 1090

; ἄκουε δὴ ὄ. ἀντὶ ὀνείρατος dream for dream, Pl.Tht. 201d ; ὥστε μηδὲ ὄ. ἰδεῖν, of profound sleep, Id.Ap. 40d : prov., τὸ ἐμόν γ' ἐμοὶ λέγεις ὄ. 'you are telling me what I know already', Id.R. 563d, cf. Suid. s.v. ταὐτὸν πέπονθα (cf.

ὄνειρος 1

, ὄνειαρ II).

2 prov. of anything fleeting or unreal,

ὀλιγοχρόνιον.. ὥσπερ ὄ. Thgn.1020

;

σε παρέρχεται ὡς ὄ. ἥβη Theoc.27.8

;

πόθος δέ μοι ὡς ὄ. ἔπτα Bion 1.58

: in Prose,

ἡ ἐμὴ [σοφία].., ὥσπερ ὄ. οὖσα Pl. Smp. 175e

, cf. Men. 85c ;

ὡς ὄ. ἐλευθερίας ὁρῶντας Plu.Thes.32

; and without

ὡς, σκιᾶς ὄ. ἄνθρωπος Pi.P.8.95

; ὄ. ἡμερόφαντον ἀλαίνει, of an old man, A.Ag.82 (anap.).

II in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. as Adv., in a dream, in sleep,

ὄ. γὰρ ὑμᾶς νῦν Κλυταιμνήστρα καλῶ Id.Eu. 116

; ὄ. διώκεις θῆρα ib. 131 ;

ὄ. πνεύσαντα νυκτός S.Fr.65

: freq. in Pl.,

ὄ. ἐπλουτήσαμεν Tht. 208b

; ὄ. ὀνείρατα διηγεῖσθαι ib. 158c, etc. ; also οὐδ' ὄ. not even in a dream, E.Fr. 107, Herod.1.11 ;

πολιτικὸς ἀνὴρ οὐδ' ὄ. Cic.Att.1.18.6

; μηδ' ἰδὼν ὄ. not even in my dreams, E.IT 518, cf. Pl. Tht. 173d, Mosch.4.18 ;

ἃ μηδ' ὄ. ἤλπισαν D.19.275

: hence freq. opp. ὕπαρ, v. ὕπαρ 11 ; κατ' ὄναρ in a dream, condemned by Phryn.395, but quoted by him from Polemo, is also found in Ev.Matt.1.20, Aristid. Or.47(23).21 : with sense, in consequence of a dream, in SIG1147 (Crete, ii/iii A. D.), Supp.Epigr.2.405 ([place name] Macedonia).

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `warmth, heat of the sun' (Ar. Ve. 772 [v. l. ἕλη], Luc.),

Other forms: ( εἴλη, ἕλη), βέλα (= Ϝέλα) ἥλιος, καὶ αὑγή, ὑπὸ Λακώνων H. (idem to ἔλα); unclear γέλαν (= Ϝέλαν?) αὑγην ἡλίου, because of γελεῖν λάμπειν, ἀνθεῖν H. perh. to γελάω, γαλήνη (s. vv.), but γελοδυτία ἡλιοδυσία H. belongs to Ϝέλα.

Compounds: As 1. member in εἱλη-θερής `warmed by the sun' (Hp., Gal.), ἐλαθερές ἡλιοθαλπές H., rather to θέρομαι then to θέρος (s. Schwyzer 513); from there εἱληθερέω, - έομαι `warm (oneself) in the sun' (Hp.); εἱλι-κρινής, εἱλό-πεδον, s. vv. As 2. member in πρός-ειλος `exposed to the heat of the sun, sunny' (A.), εὔ-ειλος `id.' (Ar.), ἄ-ειλος `sunless' (A. Fr. 334).

Derivatives: εἰλήϊον ἐν ἡλίῳ θερμανθέν H. (false explanation of Ίλήϊον Φ 558 ?); denomin. verb ἐλᾶται ἡλιοῦται, fut. βελ[λ]άσεται ἡλιωθήσεται H. εἰληθέντες `warmed in the sun', εἰλέω Eust.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1045] *su̯el(H)- `burn, singe'

Etymology: PGr. *Ϝhέλᾱ (*hϜέλα; cf. Schwyzer 226f.), from where Ϝέλᾱ, ἕλᾱ beside which one assumed a form with prothetic vowel: *ἐ-Ϝhέλᾱ \> εἵλη, εἴλη, belongs as verbal noun IE *su̯elā to a verb `burn slowly, singe', which is still existent in Germanic and Baltic, e. g. OE swelan, NHG schwelen (full grade), Lith. svìlti (zero grade of a disyllabic root: *su̯elH-) `singe (intr.), burn without flame' with many derivatives. The Greek forms present εἱλ- beside ἑλ-, which cannot be explained. From a root *su̯el- a form h₁u̯el- is hardly possible. Unless there is an unknown phonetic development, the problem cannot be solved: analogical spread of εἱλ-? From Greek also here 1. ἀλέα ( ἁλ-) `heat of the sun', s. v. - On more cognates further away, e. g. OHG swelzan `burn', OE sweltan `die', ONord. svelta `hunger, die' from IE *su̯eld- (also Arm. k`aɫc`), the last certainly an independent root, s. WP. 2, 531f., esp. Solmsen Unt. 248ff. - S. also ἥλιος. On ἑλάνη `torch' s. v.

Page in Frisk: 1,458-459

δόξα, ης, ἡ (s. δοξάζω; in var. mngs. Hom.+; in Ath. ‘meaning’). In many of the passages in our lit. the OT and Gr-Rom. perceptions of dependence of fame and honor on extraordinary performance deserve further exploration. SIG 456, 15 is typical: concern for others leads to enhancement of one’s δόξα or reputation. The Common Gk. usage of δ. in sense of ‘notion, opinion’ is not found in the NT.

① the condition of being bright or shining, brightness, splendor, radiance (a distinctive aspect of Hb. כָּבוֹד).

ⓐ of physical phenomena (PGM 13, 189 τὴν δόξαν τοῦ φωτός, cp. 298ff. On this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 357ff, also 314 δόξα ἐκ τ. πυρός [cp. Just., D. 128]; 315 φῶς κ. δόξαν θεῖαν [=Cleopatra 150]; LXX; TestJob 43:6 τῆ λαμπάδα αὐτοῦ) οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δ. τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brightness of the light Ac 22:11; ὁρᾶν τὴν δ. see the radiance Lk 9:32; cp. vs. 31. Everything in heaven has this radiance: the radiant bodies in the sky 1 Cor 15:40f (cp. PGM 13, 64 σὺ ἔδωκας ἡλίῳ τὴν δόξαν κ. δύναμιν; 448; Sir 43:9, 12; 50:7).

ⓑ of humans involved in transcendent circumstances, and also transcendent beings: cherubim (Sir 49:8; Ezk 10:4) Hb 9:5; angels Lk 2:9; Rv 18:1. Esp. of God’s self (Ex 24:17; 40:34; Num 14:10; Bar 5:9 τὸ φῶς τῆς δόξης αὐτου; Tob 12:15; 13:16 BA; 2 Macc 2:8; SibOr 5, 427) ὁ θεὸς τῆς δ. (En 25:7) Ac 7:2 (Ps 28:3); cp. J 12:41 (Is 6:1); Ac 7:55; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Pt 1:17b; Rv 15:8; 19:1; 21:11, 23. ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δ. Eph 1:17; βασιλεὺς τῆς δ. AcPl BMM verso 24 and 26. But also of those who appear before God: Moses 2 Cor 3:7–11, 18 (Just., D. 127, 3; cp. Ἀδὰμ τῆς δ. θεοῦ ἐγυμνώθη GrBar 4:16); Christians in the next life 1 Cor 15:43; Col 3:4. The δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ as it relates to the final judgment Ro 3:23; 5:2 (but s. 3); Jesus himself has a σῶμα τῆς δ. radiant, glorious body Phil 3:21; cp. 2 Cl 17:5. Christ is the κύριος τ. δόξης 1 Cor 2:8 (cp. En 22:14; 27:3, 5; 36:4; 40:3 of God; PGM 7, 713 κύριοι δόξης of deities).—The concept has been widened to denote the glory, majesty, sublimity of God in general (PGM 4, 1202 ἐφώνησά σου τ. ἀνυπέρβλητον δόξαν; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 1, 24 οἰκοδομεῖν … ναὸν δόξης θεοῦ) ἀλλάσσειν τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ exchange the majesty of God Ro 1:23; κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1)=before himself. Christ was raised fr. the dead διὰ τῆς δ. τοῦ πατρός by the majesty (here, as in J 2:11, the thought of power, might is also present; cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 344, 359 and PGM 4, 1650 δὸς δόξαν καὶ χάριν τῷ φυλακτηρίῳ τούτῳ; Wsd 9:11 φυλάξει με ἐν τ. δόξῃ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45.—JVogel, Het sanscrit woord tejas [=gloedvuur] in de beteekenis van magische Kracht 1930) of the Father Ro 6:4; cp. Mt 16:27; Mk 8:38; AcPl Ha 10, 9; ὄψῃ τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 11:40; κράτος τῆς δ. majestic power Col 1:11; πλοῦτος τῆς δ. the wealth of his glory Ro 9:23; Eph 1:18; cp. Eph 3:16; Phil 4:19; Col 1:27; δ. τῆς χάριτος (PGM 4, 1650, s. above) Eph 1:6; w. ἀρετή 2 Pt 1:3 (τῆς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ καὶ δόξῃ διαλήψεως, ins at Aphrodisias II, 14: ZPE 8, ’71, 186); ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δ. Hb 1:3; τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δ. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ Tit 2:13. Some would classify Ro 2:7, 10 here, but these and related pass. w. the formulation δόξα καὶ τιμή prob. are better placed in 3 below because of their focus on honor and prestige. Doxol. σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δ. εἰς τ. αἰῶνας, ἀμήν (Odes 12:15 [Prayer of Manasseh]) Mt 6:13 v.l.; AcPl Ha 2, 33; εἰς ἔπαινον τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ Eph 1:12, 14; cp. 1:6.—1 Th 2:12; 1 Pt 5:10. Pl. Hv 1, 3, 3. κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δ. τοῦ μακαρίου θεοῦ 1 Ti 1:11. Transferred to Christ: Mt 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mk 10:37; 13:26; Lk 9:26; 21:27; J 1:14; 2:11; Js 2:1 (AMeyer, D. Rätsel d. Js 1930, 118ff); B 12:7; AcPl Ha 7:7. τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δ. τοῦ χριστοῦ the news that shines with the greatness of Christ 2 Cor 4:4; cp. 4:6 (cp. Just., A I, 51, 8 παραγίνεσθαι μετὰ δόξης μέλλει). Of Christ’s prestige promoted by Paul’s associates 2 Cor 8:23 (but s. d and 3 below).

ⓒ The state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or glory

α. w. ref. to Christ: εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δ. αὐτοῦ enter into his glory Lk 24:26 (βασιλείαν P⁷⁵ first hand); ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δ. 1 Ti 3:16; cp. τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δ.1 Pt 1:11 (but s. β below; pl. because of the παθήματα; cp. also Wsd 18:24; Isocr. 4, 51; POslo 85, 13 [III A.D.]), 21. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ 4:13. Also of Christ’s preëxistence: J 17:5, 22, 24.

β. w. ref. to his followers (cp. Da 12:13; Herm. Wr. 10, 7): Ro 8:18, 21; 1 Cor 2:7; 2 Cor 4:17; 1 Th 2:12; 2 Th 2:14; 2 Ti 2:10; Hb 2:10; 1 Pt 5:1, 4 (στέφανος τ. δόξης; on this expr. cp. Jer 13:18; TestBenj 4:1); εἰς … δ. καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:7 (perh. 1:11 belongs here, in ref. to sufferings that are endured in behalf of Christ). πνεῦμα τῆς δ. w. πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 4:14. ἵνα πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κληρονομήσωσιν ending of Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. ln. 11f) (Cleopatra 146f ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς θείαν δόξαν πνευματικήν); ἥτις ἐστὶν δ. ὑμῶν (my troubles) promote your glory Eph 3:13 (s. MDibelius, comm. on Col 1:24ff) τόπος τῆς δ.=the hereafter 1 Cl 5:4.

ⓓ of reflected radiance reflection ἀνὴρ … εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ man (as distinguished from woman) is the image and reflection of God 1 Cor 11:7 (perh. this thought finds expression Ro 3:23; 5:2, but s. 3, below); also γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ibid. (cp. the formal similarity but difft. mng. in the Jewish ins in Lietzmann comm. ad loc.: ἡ δόξα Σωφρονίου Λούκιλλα εὐλογημένη; s. also AFeuillet, RB 81, ’74, 161–82). Some interpret δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 8:23 in ref. to Paul’s associates (but s. 1b).

② a state of being magnificent, greatness, splendor, anything that catches the eye (1 Esdr 6:9; 1 Macc 10:60, 86; 2 Macc 5:20): fine clothing (Sir 6:31; 27:8; 45:7; 50:11) of a king Mt 6:29; Lk 12:27; of royal splendor gener. (Bar 5:6; 1 Macc 10:58; Jos., Ant. 8, 166) Mt 4:8; Lk 4:6; Rv 21:24, 26. Gener. of human splendor of any sort 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6).

③ honor as enhancement or recognition of status or performance, fame, recognition, renown, honor, prestige (s. s.v. ἀγαθός and δικαιο-entries; Diod S 15, 61, 5 abs. δόξα= good reputation; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376 δ. ἀγαθή good reputation, esteem; Polyaenus 8 Prooem. δόξα ἀθάνατος=eternal renown; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; PsSol 1:4; 17:6; Jos., Ant. 4, 14, Vi. 274; Just., A II, 10, 8 δόξης … καταφρονήσαντος) of public approbation (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 24, 1; Did., Gen. 238, 25) ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι Lk 14:10; δ. λαμβάνειν (En 99:1; Diog. L. 9, 37 of Democr. οὐκ ἐκ τόπου δόξαν λαβεῖν βουλόμενος) J 5:41, 44a al.; sim. of God Rv 4:11 and the Lamb 5:12 receiving honor. J 8:54 (=make high claims for myself); 12:43a (cp. 8:50); Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 6:8 (opp. ἀτιμία); 1 Th 2:6; 1 Cl 3:1; B 19:3; Hv 1, 1, 8. Gener. γυνὴ … ἐὰν κομᾷ, δόξα αὐτῇ ἐστιν, i.e. she enjoys a favorable reputation 1 Cor 11:15 (opp. ἀτιμία). Oxymoron ὧν … ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν whose prestige is in their disgrace Phil 3:19. Of enhancement of divine prestige as an objective J 7:18; Lazarus’ illness redounds to God’s honor 11:4; Ro 15:7. Of divine approbation of pers. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:44b; 12:43b (cp. 1QH 17:15; 1QS 4:23); Ro 3:23; 5:2. Here also belong pass. w. the form δὸξα καὶ τιμή / τιμὴ καὶ δόξα (LXX; ins, e.g. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37; Welles 42, 6; also PGM 4, 1616f δὸς δ. καὶ τιμὴν κ. χάριν; Just., D. 42, 1) Ro 2:7, 10; 1 Ti 1:17; Hb 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6); cp. 3:3; 1 Pt 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; Rv 4:9, 11; 5:12, 13; 21:26. Of pers. who bestow renown through their excellence: of Jesus Lk 2:32 (cp. Ro 9:4); of Paul’s epistolary recipients ὑμεῖς ἡ δ. ἡμῶν you bring us renown 1 Th 2:20 (cp. the Jewish ins in Lietzmann, 1d above: Loucilla brings renown to Sophronius).—Israel’s liturgy furnishes the pattern for the liturg. formula δ. θεῷ praise is (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; Harnack; Zahn; EKlostermann; ASchlatter; Rengstorf) or be (Weizsäcker; JWeiss; OHoltzmann) to God Lk 2:14. Cp. 19:38; Ro 11:36; 16:27; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20; 2 Ti 4:18 (perh. Christ as referent); Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 1 Cl 20:12; 50:7 al.; τιμὴ καὶ δ. 1 Ti 1:17 (s. also above as extra-biblical formulation, esp. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37); cp. Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13; 7:12. Doxologies to Christ 2 Pt 3:18; Rv 1:6; εἰς (τὴν) δ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ to the praise of God Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 1:11; 2:11; cp. Ro 3:7. Also πρὸ δ. 2 Cor 1:20; πρὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου (Christ) δ. 8:19. Hence the expr. δ. διδόναι τῷ θεῷ praise God (Bar 2:17f; 1 Esdr 9:8; 4 Macc 1:12): in thanksgiving Lk 17:18; Rv 19:7; as a form of relig. devotion: Ac 12:23; Ro 4:20; Rv 4:9; 11:13; 14:7; 16:9; as an adjuration δὸς δ. τῷ θεῷ give God the praise by telling the truth J 9:24.—GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Leipzig 1929; LChampion, Benedictions and Doxologies in the Epistles of Paul ’35; MPamment, The Meaning of δόξα in the Fourth Gospel: ZNW 74, ’83, 12–16, God’s glory is manifested through the gift of Jesus’ voluntary self-surrender on the cross.

④ a transcendent being deserving of honor, majestic being, by metonymy (cp. Diod S 15, 58, 1 of citizens who stood out from among all others in ἐξουσίαι καὶ δόξαι=offices and honors) of angelic beings (s. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45; PGM 1, 199) δόξαι majestic (heavenly) beings Jd 8; 2 Pt 2:10 (s. also Ex 15:11 LXX; TestJud 25:2 αἱ δυνάμεις τ. δόξης. Also the magical text in Rtzst., Poim. p. 28 [VI 17] χαιρέτωσάν σου αἱ δόξαι (practically = δυνάμει) εἰς αἰῶνα, κύριε). Cp. JSickenberger, Engelsoder Teufelslästerer? Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 621ff. The mng. majesties and by metonymy illustrious persons is also prob.—On the whole word Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 289; 314f; 344; 355ff; AvGall, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes 1900; IAbrahams, The Glory of God 1925.—AForster, The Mng. of Δόξα in the Greek Bible: ATR 12, 1929/1930, 311ff; EOwen, Δόξα and Cognate Words: JTS 33, ’32, 139–50; 265–79; CMohrmann, Note sur doxa: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 321–28; LBrockington, LXX Background to the NT Use of δ., Studies in the Gospels in memory of RLightfoot ’55, 1–8.—HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 97ff; GWetter, D. Verherrlichung im Joh.-ev.: Beitr. z. Rel.-wiss. II 1915, 32–113, Phos 1915; RLloyd, The Word ‘Glory’ in the Fourth Gospel: ET 43, ’32, 546–48; BBotte, La gloire du Christ dans l’Evangile de S. Jean: Quest. liturgiques 12, 1927, 65ff; HPass, The Glory of the Father; a Study in St John 13–17, ’35; WThüsing, Die Erhöhung u. Verherrlichung Jesu im J, ’60.—GKittel, D. Rel. gesch. u. d. Urchristentum ’32, 82ff; JSchneider, Doxa ’32; HKittel, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes ’34; MGreindl, Κλεος, Κυδος, Ευχος, Τιμη, Φατις, Δοξα, diss. Munich ’38; AVermeulen, Semantic Development of Gloria in Early-Christian Latin ’56.—RAC IV 210–16; XI 196–225.—B. 1144f. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28, s. δοκέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

καθαίρω 1 aor. ptc. καθάρας; mid. aor. ptc. καθηράμενος (Just., D. 4, 3); pf. pass. 3 sg. κεκάθαρται Hs 9, 10, 4; ptc. κεκαθαρμένος (Hom.+)

① to cause someth. to become clean, make clean, lit., of a place that has been swept (cp. Diod S 19, 13, 4 τόπον ἀνακαθαίρειν=clear [out] a place): πάντα κεκάθαρται everything is clean Hs 9, 10, 4. Fig. (Diod S 4, 31, 4; 4, 69, 4; Dio Chrys. 60 + 61 [77 + 78], 40 τὴν αὑτοῦ διάνοιαν καθαίρει τῷ λόγῳ; Himerius, Or. 41 [=Or. 7], 1 Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ ψυχὴν καθάραντες=after we have cleansed our souls by the agency of Helios Mithra; Philo, Somn. 1, 198 καθαίρει ψυχὴν ἁμαρτημάτων; Jos., Ant. 5, 42; Just., D. 4, 3 al.) οἱ κεκαθαρμένοι those who are purified Hs 9, 18, 3. καθᾶραι ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν λογισμῶν clear oneself from the thoughts Dg 2:1 (κ. ἀπό as Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §2; Jos., Ant. 13, 34).

② to remove superfluous growth from a plant, clear, prune of a vine (cp. Philo, Agr. 10, Somn. 2, 64) J 15:2.—DELG s.v. καθαρός. M-M. TW.

καταλάμπω (s. λάμπω; Eur., Pla. et al.; PGM 7, 704; Philo; TestGad 7:3 v.l.) shine upon, pass. be illuminated, be bright (Eur., Tro. 1069, Ion 87; X., Mem. 4, 7, 7) τινί by or with someth. (Cebes 17, 1 φωτὶ καταλαμπόμενος; Wsd 17:19; Philo, Somn. 1, 218) ἀκτῖσιν ἡλίου ApcPt 5:15 (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 45 τὸ καταλαμπόμενον Ἡλίῳ).

κυριότης, ητος, ἡ (Memnon Hist. [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 4, 6 Jac. κ. πολλῶν=‘rule over many’; Achmes 229, 17 κ. λαοῦ; Soranus p. 10, 23 κ. πρὸς τὸ ζῆν=‘mng. for life’; Dositheus 1, 1, of the special mng. of a thing [w. δύναμις]; schol. on Pla. 111a κ. τῶν ὀνομάτων=meaning of the words. Elsewh. in eccl. writers and Byz. authors, as well as late pap: PCairMasp 151, 199 [VI A.D.] παρακαλῶ πάντα κριτὴν κ. δικαστὴν κ. ἐξουσίαν κ. κυριότητα; 132 ἐπὶ πάσης ἀρχῆς κ. ἐξουσίας κ. θρόνου κ. κυριότητος ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ).

① the essential nature of the κύριος, the Lord’s nature, w. ref. to God D 4:1.

② esp. the majestic power that the κύριος wields, ruling power, lordship, dominion (cp. θειότης as the essential aspect of θεός), ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην κεῖται καὶ κυριότητα the Son of God appears in great authority and ruling power Hs 5, 6, 1 (κεῖμαι 3c). κυριότητα ἀθετεῖν Jd 8 and κυριότητος καταφρονεῖν 2 Pt 2:10, which is usu. considered dependent on it, is oft. (Ritschl, Spitta, HvSoden, BWeiss, Kühl, Mayor, Windisch, Knopf, Vrede et al.—FHauck leaves the choice open betw. 2 and 3) taken to mean the glory of the Lord which is rejected or despised by the dissident teachers. Perh. it is abstr. for concr., κυριότης for κύριος; s. the foll.

③ a special class of angelic powers, bearers of the ruling power, dominions (cp. En 61:10; Slav. En 20; TestSol 8:6 D and s. κύριος II 2bεב) Col 1:16; Eph 1:21; AcPl Ha 1, 7 [restored].—GMacGregor, Principalities and Powers; the Cosmic Background of Paul’s Thought: NTS 1, ’54, 17–28. ADupont-Sommer, Jahrb. f. kleinasiat. Forschung 1, ’50, 210–18.—DELG s.v. κύριο. EDNT. TW.

ἀγαθός, ή, όν (Hom.+) Comp. ἀμείνων (not in NT, but e.g. PGM 5, 50; 6, 2; Jos., Bell. 5, 19, Ant. 11, 296) 1 Cl 57:2; IEph 13:2; 15:1; βελτίων, also κρείσσων, colloq. ἀγαθώτερος (Diod S 8 Fgm. 12, 8; Judg 11:25 B; 15:2 B) Hm 8:9, 11. Superl. ἄριστος (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 156, Ant. 16, 142; Ath., R. 72, 8); colloq. ἀγαθώτατος (Diod S 16, 85, 7; Philo Bybl. [c. 100 A.D.] s. below 2aα; Heliod. 5, 15, 2; Synes., Ep. 143; Jos., Bell. 2, 277) Hv 1, 2, 3.—Ael. Dion. α, 10 rejects the forms ἀγαθώτερος, -τατος as wholly foreign to Greek (B-D-F §61, 1). When used of pers., freq. in ref. to good citizenship or acceptance of communal responsibility (cp. the def. in Cleanthes 3 [Coll. Alex. p. 229]).

① pert. to meeting a relatively high standard of quality, of things.

ⓐ adj. useful, beneficial καρποί (Procop. Soph., Ep. 27; Sir 6:19; Da 4:12 LXX) Js 3:17. δένδρον Mt 7:17f. γῆ productive, fertile soil (X., Oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀ.—γῆ κακή; Diod S 5, 41, 6; Arrian, Anab. 4, 28, 3; Jos., Ant. 5, 178) Lk 8:8; B 6:8, 10. δόματα beneficial (Sir 18:17) Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13. δόσις Js 1:17; λόγος ἀ. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν useful for edification Eph 4:29 (cp. X., Mem. 4, 6, 11; Chion, Ep. 3, 6 πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἀμείνους; Isocr. 15, 284 ἄριστα πρὸς ἀρετήν); γνώμη ἀ. a gracious declaration 1 Cl 8:2; ἡμέραι ἀ. happy (Cass. Dio 51, 19; PGen 61, 10; Sir 14:14; 1 Macc 10:55) 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:2 (both Ps 33:13; 34:12); cp. 50:4.

ⓑ used as a pure subst.: sg. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX), ἀγαθόν, οῦ, τό the good (Diog. L. 1, 105 ἀγαθόν τε καὶ φαῦλον=a good and bad thing at the same time. TestAbr A 4, p. 80, 32 [Stone p. 8] of food); opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; pl. ἀγαθά, ῶν, τά good things, possessions.

α. quite gener. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25 (cp. Job 21:13; En 103:3; PsSol 1:6, 5, 18; 17:44; 18:6; the opp. of τὰ κακά as Ephorus of Cyme [IV B.C.] περὶ ἀγαθῶν κ. κακῶν: 70 test. 1 Jac.; Diod S 18, 53, 1 ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ κακῶν μεταλαμβάνων; Job 2:10; s. SAalen NTS 13, ’66, 5 on En 98:9); τοιαῦτα ἀ. such fine things Hs 9, 10, 1.—ποιήσαι ταῦτα κ. περισσότερα ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν to do these and far better things for us 1 Cl 61:3.

β. possessions, treasures (Hdt. 2, 172 et al.; PRyl 28, 182 δεσπότης πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν κ. κτημάτων; Sir 14:4; Wsd 7:11; TestJob 4:8; SibOr 3, 660; 750) Lk 1:53 (Ps 106:9.—Amphis Com. Fgm. 28 [IV B.C.], in Athen. 3, 56, 100a, χορτάζομαι ἐν ἅπασιν ἀγαθοῖς; Sb 7517, 4 [211/12 A.D.] ἀγαθῶν πεπληρῶσθαι); Gal 6:6; Hv 3, 9, 6; τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:19; cp. TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 18 [Stone p. 10] ἀ. τῶν ἐπιγείων); esp. of crops (Diod S 3, 46, 1 τὰ ἀ.=‘the good gifts’, specifically ‘products of nature’; likewise 19, 26, 3. Even more generally Synes., Kingship 16 p. 17d τὰ ἀ.=food; Philo, Op. M. 16, Mos. 1, 6) Lk 12:18f.

γ. possessions of a higher order (Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 1 ἐλευθερία as μέγιστον τ. ἀγαθῶν; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.: ὁμόνοια as μέγ. τῶν ἀ.; 45, 18 K.=8 p. 89 D.: τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγ. Diog. L. 6, 4 the priest promises the initiate into the Orphic mysteries πολλὰ ἐν ᾅδου ἀγαθά) Ro 3:8; 10:15 (Is 52:7).—Hb 9:11; 10:1; 2 Cl 6:6; 15:5.

② pert. to meeting a high standard of worth and merit, good

ⓐ as adj.

α. of humans and deities (the primary focus is on usefulness to humans and society in general, so Pind.+, s. AAdkins Merit and Responsibility ’60, 189f) beneficent, of God (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 26 οἱ θεοί; Zoroaster in Philo Bybl.: 790 Fgm. 4, 52 Jac. [Eus. PE 1, 10, 52] God is ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθώτατος. Sallust. 1 πᾶς θεὸς ἀγαθός; contrast Did., Gen. 109, 3 ὁ διάβολος οὐ φύσει κακός … ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ … ἀγαθὸς γέγονεν.—Cp. IKosPH 92, 6f which calls Nero ἀ. θεός, ἀγαθὸς δαίμων [OGI 666, 3; POxy 1021, 8, both referring to Nero; POxy 1449, 4; s. also JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismeg. 1914, 90; Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 189; 191ff] and Sb 349 θεῷ ἀγαθῷ Διὶ Ἡλίῳ; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 47 al.; Celsus 4, 14) Mt 19:17b (in Cleanthes, Stoic. I 127, 3ff [Eus. PE 13, 13, 37], a description of God follows the question τἀγαθὸν ἐρωτᾷς μʼ οἷόν ἐστʼ; cp. Orig., C.Cels. 3, 70, 9; Did., Gen. 98, 28); Mk 10:18b (Unknown Sayings 33–36); Lk 18:19b; Dg 8:8 (on these passages cp. Simonid., Fgm. 4, 6f χαλεπὸν ἐσθλὸν [=ἀγαθός ln. 10] ἔμμεναι; 7 θεὸς ἂν μόνος τοῦτʼ ἔχοι γέρας); μόνος ἀ. ἐστιν ibid.; πατὴρ ἀ. 1 Cl 56:16 (Philo, Op. M. 21 ἀ. εἶναι τὸν πατέρα κ. ποιητήν); ἀ. ἐν τ. ὁρωμένοις good in the visible world 60:1.—Of Christ Mk 10:17, 18a (DomGMurray, Downside Review 103, ’85, 144–46, w. ref. to Pirke Aboth 6, 3); Lk 18:18, 19a (WWagner, ZNW 8, 1907, 143–61; FSpitta, ibid. 9, 1908, 12–20; BWarfield, PTR 12, 1914, 177–228; WCaspari, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 218–31.—Cp. also the saying of Pythagoras in Diog. L., Prooem. 12, who does not wish to be called σοφός because μηδένα εἶναι σοφὸν ἀλλʼ ἢ θεόν); J 7:12.—Of humans, other than Jesus Mt 12:35; Ro 5:7; D 3:8; νομοθέται B 21:4; πονηροί τε καὶ ἀ. good and bad designating a motley crowd Mt 22:10. Same contrast 5:45 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 314). βελτίονα ποιεῖν make better 1 Cl 19:1; βελτίω γενέσθαι become better Dg 1; kind, generous (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 4; CIG 37, 49) Mt 20:15 (in Mk 10:17f=Lk 18:18 [s. above] it is understood as kind by JWellhausen, EKlostermann, Billerb., Wagner, Spitta, Dalman [Worte 277], EHirsch [D. Werden des Mk ’41, 246]); δεσπόται benevolent 1 Pt 2:18 (cp. PLips 40 II, 19, where a slave says ὁ ἀγαθὸς δεσπότης μου). δοῦλος (Heraclitus, Ep. 9, 3 [p. 212, 4 Malherbe]) Mt 25:21, 23; Lk 19:17. ἀνήρ (Teles p. 16, 6; Diod S 20, 58, 1; Epict. 3, 24, 51 al.; PLond I, 113/1, 8 p. 201; 2 Macc 15:12; 4 Macc 4:1; Jos., Bell. 5, 413, Ant. 18, 117; JGerlach, ΑΝΗΡ ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, diss. Munich ’32) Lk 23:50; Ac 11:24; νέαι Tit 2:5. ἀπόστολοι superb 1 Cl 5:3.

β. of things characterized esp. in terms of social significance and worth, πνεῦμα Lk 11:13 v.l.; ἐντολή Ro 7:12 (Ps.-Archytas [IV B.C.] in Stob., Ecl. 4, 138, IV 85, 17 H. νόμος ἀ. καὶ καλός); ἀγγελία (Pr 25:25) Hv 3, 13, 2; παιδεία Hs 6, 3, 6; μνεία ἀ. kindly remembrance 1 Th 3:6 (2 Macc 7:20 μνήμη ἀ.); ἐλπίς dependable (Pla., Rep. 331a; Chariton 7, 5, 10; Jos., Ant. 14, 96) 2 Th 2:16; μερὶς ἀ. the better part Lk 10:42; πρᾶξις (Democr. 177 πρῆξις; Did., Gen. 69, 7) 1 Cl 30:7; συνείδησις clear Ac 23:1; 1 Ti 1:5, 19; 1 Pt 2:19 v.l.; 3:16, 21; 1 Cl 41:1; διάνοια Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐπιθυμία (Pr 11:23; 13:12) pure (i.e. directed toward pure things) desire m 12, 1, 1f; 2:4f; 3:1; γνώμη ἀ. good intention B 21:2; ἀ. ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστροφή admirable Christian conduct 1 Pt 3:16; ἀ. θησαυρός Mt 12:35; Lk 6:45; καρδία καλὴ καὶ ἀ. 8:15; ἔργον (Thu. 5, 63, 3; PCairMasp 151, 237) a good deed 2 Cor 9:8; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16; 3:1; 1 Cl 2:7; 33:1; 34:4. Pl. ἔργα ἀ. (Empedocles [V B.C.] 112, 2) 1 Ti 2:10; also specif. of benefactions (w. ἐλεημοσύναι) Ac 9:36; 1 Cl 33:7; ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ ἀ. (for this Hellenic formulation cp. Lk 24:19; Ac 7:22; for the simple λόγος ἀ. s. 3Km 8:56; 4 Km 20:19; Is 39:8) 2 Th 2:17; ὑπομονὴ ἔργου ἀ. persistency in doing right Ro 2:7.

ⓑ as subst., sg. (s. 1b). Opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; 27, 5.

α. that which is beneficial or helpful ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀ. do what is good Ro 2:10; Hm 4, 2, 2; 7:4; also specif. of benefaction Gal 6:10 and of socially acceptable work Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4; τὸ ἀ. ποιεῖν (cp. Jos., Bell. 1, 392) Ro 13:3b; Hm 8:12; cp. 6, 2, 8.—Mt 19:17a; Ro 7:13; 12:9; 16:19; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Pt 3:13; 1 Cl 21:6; 2 Cl 13:1; Hm 8:2, 7.

β. τὰ ἀ. (ἀληθινὰ ἀ. Orig., C. Cels 7, 21, 10) good deeds J 5:29; cp. Hm 10, 3, 1 (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 28 [Stone p. 22] ἀγαθά τε καὶ πονηρά).—B. 1176. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἀνατέλλω (s. ἀνατολή) fut. ἀνατελῶ; 1 aor. ἀνέτειλα; pf. ἀνατέταλκα.

① trans. (Hom. +; Philo, Conf. Ling. 63; Gen 3:18; ApcMos 24; ApcZeph; cp. Anz 265f) cause to spring/rise up (Jos., Ant. 1, 31; Just., D. 107, 3) ξύλον a tree Dg 12:1 (PsSol 11:5; cp. Aeschyl., Fgm. 193, 7f [300 N.] Αἴγυπτος Δήμητρος ἀνατέλλει στάχυν). τροφὴν τοῖς ζῴοις cause food to grow for the living creatures 1 Cl 20:4. ἥλιον cause the sun to rise Mt 5:45; GNaass 59, 23 (cp. Nicephorus: Rhet. Gr. I p. 500, 2 μετὰ τόκον ἀστέρα καινὸν ἀνέτελλε).

② intr. (Soph., Hdt. et al.; LXX, TestJob 37:8; TestSim 18:3 al.; JosAs; ApcEsdr 4:29 p. 29, 4 Tdf.; Ar., Just.; Mel., Fgm. 8b 34, 45; Joseph.) to move upward above the horizon, rise, spring up, dawn.

ⓐ of heavenly bodies and atmospheric phenomena (Neugebauer-Hoesen no. 137c II, 9). Of the sun (oft. in Gk. lit.; also Michel 466, 10 ἅμα τῷ ἡλίῳ ἀνατέλλοντι; PHib 27, 52; Gen 32:31; Ex 22:3; Sir 26:16; Philo; Ar. 6, 1. Of stars En 2:1; TestLevi 18:3; JosAs, ApcEsdr; Ar. 4, 2; Just., D. 106, 4 al.) Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6; 16:2; Js 1:11. Of Christ ἕως οὗ φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν until the morning star rises in your hearts 2 Pt 1:19 (for usage of ἀ. in Hellenistic ruler cult, cp. Sb 8420; PFouad 8, 13; Sb 4284, 7 as συνα.; PGiss 3, 2). Of a cloud come up Lk 12:54. Fig. ἡ ζωὴ ἡμῶν ἀνέτειλεν our life has arisen IMg 9:1. Death is likened to the setting, resurr. to the rising, of a heavenly body IRo 2:2.

ⓑ in imagery φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς light has dawned for them Mt 4:16 (cp. Is 58:10; Esth 1:1k); ὑμῖν AcPl Ha 8, 33.

③ intr. to be a descendant, w. implication of distinction, be a descendant Hb 7:14 (cp. TestSim 7:1; Jer 23:5 ἀναστήσω τῷ Δαυὶδ ἀνατολὴν δικαίαν; Apollon. Rhod. 1, 810).

④ Other expressions, all fig. and intr.: of the robes of the righteous shine brightly B 3:4 (cp. Is 58:8; on the text, s. Hdb. ad loc.; cp. also Mk 9:3). Of someth. that is said to spring forth (Jos., Bell. 1, 406 πηγαί): of horns B 4:5.—M-M. TW.