πεσόν

πίπτω

Exc. ex libris Herodiani: aor part act masc voc sg

πίπτω

Exc. ex libris Herodiani: aor part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

πίπτω

Exc. ex libris Herodiani: aor ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

πίπτω

Exc. ex libris Herodiani: aor ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

πίπτω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] πίσσω, acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard

A Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj.

πίπτῃσι Pl.Com. 153.5

: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

πῖπτον Il.8.67

, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.2.10); [dialect] Ion. πίπτεσκον ( συμ-) Emp.59.2: [tense] fut.

πεσοῦμαι A.Ch. 971

(lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.

πεσέονται Il.11.824

, [ per.] 3sg.

πεσέεται Hdt.7.163

, 168: [tense] aor. ἔπεσον, inf. πεσεῖν, Il.13.178, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. opt.

πεσοίης Polem.Call. 10.14

; [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor.

ἔπετον Alc.60

, Pi.O.7.69, P.5.50, ([etym.] κάπετον) O.8.38, (ἐμ-) P.8.81, cf. Isyll.8, IG14.642 ([place name] Thurii); in later writers ἔπεσα, Orph.A. 521, LXX Le.9.24, al., f.l. in E.Tr. 291 ( προς-): [tense] pf.

πέπτωκα A.Eu. 147

, Ar.Ra. 970, etc.; [dialect] Ep. part. πεπτεώς, εῶτος (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), Il.21.503, etc.; also πεπτηώς, ηυῖα, Od.14.354, Simon.183.7, Hp.Mul.1.69, A.R.4.1298, AP7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. πτήσσω; Trag. part.

πεπτώς S.Aj. 828

, Ant. 697. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. ἔ-πετ-ον (v. supr.), and the poet. form πίτ-νω; cogn. with πέτομαι, q.v.)

A Radical sense, fall down, and (when intentional) cast oneself down, πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν, Il.6.307, 15.435, etc.;

νιφάδες.. π. θαμειαί 12.278

;

ὀπίσω πέσεν Od.12.410

; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always ἐν.., ἐν κονίῃσι π. fall in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, Il.11.425, cf. 13.205;

ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας Od.22.384

; π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος fall into his arms, Hes.Fr.142.5; ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς Simon.l.c. (cf. πτήσσω)

π. ἐν δεμνίοις E.Or.35

, cf. A.Pers. 125 (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose,

π. ἐν ποταμῷ X.Ages.1.32

: c. dat. only,

πεδίῳ πέσε Il.5.82

; δεμνίοις π. E.Or.88 (s. v.l.);

π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od.24.535

;

οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις Hes.Fr.188.4

;

ἐπὶ γᾷ S.Ant. 134

(lyr.);

πρὸς πέδῳ E.Ba. 605

;

πρὸς ἀγκάλαις Id. Ion 962

;

ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων A.Ag. 326

: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes.,

Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον Op. 620

; [

ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα Th. 791

;

εἰς ἄντλον E.Hec. 1025

(lyr.);

ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα A.Ag. 1019

(lyr.);

ἐπὶ στόμα X.Cyn.10.13

;

πρὸς οὖδας E.Hec. 405

.

2 in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, χαμάδις π. Il.7.16, 15.714, etc.; χαμαὶ π. 4.482, cf. 14.418, etc.;

π. ἔραζε 12.156

, cf. Od.22.280.

3 with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls,

ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε Il.16.803

;

ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ A.Fr.44.3

;

ἀπό τινος ὄνου Pl. Lg. 701d

;

ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία Il.5.583

;

π. ἐκ νηός Od.12.417

;

πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ 10.51

.

4 Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, π. ἐπί τι fall upon, Euc.3.11, Archim.Fluit. 2.8, al., Apollon.Perg.Con.1.2; but π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι, intersect, meet, Archim.Con.Sph.16, Spir.15; π. διά τινος pass through, Id.Con.Sph. 17;

π. κατά τινος Id.Sph.Cyl.1

Def.2;

ἐπί τι κατά τινα Apollon.Perg. Con.1.2

.

B Special usages:

I πίπτειν ἔν τισι fall violently upon, attack,

ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν Il.13.742

(but ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες tumbling into the ships, 2.175); ἐν βουσὶ π. S.Aj. 375 (lyr.); Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι π. Id.Ant. 782(lyr.); ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι, of combatants, Hes.Sc. 379, cf. 375;

πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας S.Aj. 1061

;

πρὸς πύλαις A.Th. 462

.

2 throw oneself down, fall down, πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν ib. 185 ;

ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ E.Hec. 787

; ἐς γόνατα on one's knees, of a wrestler, Simon.156 ;

ἐς τὸν ὦμον Ar.Eq. 571

.

II fall in battle,

πῖπτε δὲ λαός Il.8.67

, etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the fallen, X.Cyr.1.4.24 ;

νέκυες πίπτοντες Il.10.200

;

νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες E.Ph. 881

;

πεσήματα.. πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν Id.Andr. 653

;

π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων Hdt.9.67

;

ὡς.. θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι.., ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων Il.11.157

, cf. 500, etc. ;

τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν A.Pers. 252

.

2 fall, be ruined,

δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι Id.Ch. 263

, cf. Pl.Phlb.22 e;

πεσεῖν.. πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά A.Pr. 919

, cf. Pl.La. 181b ;

στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S.OT50

; ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π., Id.El. 429, 398 ;

ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ Id.Aj. 1078

; of an army,

μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων Hdt.7.18

, cf. Th.2.89 ;

ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε Hdt.8.16

; of a city,

π. δορί E.Hec. 5

.

3 fall, sink, ἄνεμος πέσε the wind fell, Od.19.202 (but in Hes. Op. 547, Βορέαο πεσόντος is used for ἐμπεσόντος, falling on, blowing on one): metaph,

πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα A.Th. 794

, cf. S.Ant. 474 : c. dat., ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν fail in one's hopes, Plb.1.87.1.

4 fall short, fail, Pl.Phd. 100e ; of a playwright, fail, Ar.Eq. 540.

III πίπτειν ἔκ τινος fall out of, lose a thing, unintentionally, σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν fall out of, lose thy favour, Il.23.595 ; ἐξ ἐλπίδων π. E.Fr.420.5 ;

τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν Id.Hipp. 390

; also of set purpose, ἐξ ἀρκύων π. escape from.., A.Eu. 147 ;

ἔξω τῶν κακῶν Ar.Ra. 970

.

2 reversely, πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π. Thgn.42 ;

εἰς ἄτην Sol.13.68

;

εἰς δουλοσύνην Id.9.4

;

ἐς δάκρυα Hdt.6.21

;

ἐς νόσον A.Pr. 478

; εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας, E.IT 1172, Fr.578.8, Or. 696, Ph.69, Th.3.82 ; also ἐν γυιοπέδαις π. Pi.P.2.41 ;

ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις S.El. 1476

;

ἐν φόβῳ E.Or. 1418

(lyr.) ;

ἐν σολοικισμῷ Luc.Sol.3

;

πρὸς τόλμαν S.Ichn. 11

: c. dat. only,

π. δυσπραξίαις Id.Aj. 759

;

αἰσχύνῃ Id.Tr. 597

, etc.; οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω I know not which way to turn, ib. 705.

3 εἰς ὕπνον π. fall asleep, Id.Ph. 826 ; but

ἐν ὕπνῳ Pi.I.4(3).23

; simply ὕπνῳ, A.Eu.68.

4 π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν to be applied to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al.

5 π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν to be accessible to perception, Iamb.Comm.Math.8, in Nic.p.7 P.

IV πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός to fall between her feet, i.e. to be born, Il.19.110.

V of the dice, τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I shall count my master's lucky throws my own, A.Ag.32;

ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι S. Fr. 895

;

ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν Alex.34

; ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα according to the throws, Pl.R. 604c ; ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π. E.Hipp. 718; πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον as matters fall out, Id.El. 639 ; of tossing up with oystershells,

κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω Pl.Com.153.5

; of lots, ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί or παρά τινα, Pl.R. 619e, 617e;

ἐπί τινα Act.Ap.1.26

: Astrol., π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Vett. Val.7.15.

2 generally, fall, turn out, εὖ πίπτειν to be lucky, E.Or. 603; παρὰ γνώμαν π. Pi.O.12.10; of a battle, καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται to wait and see how it would fall, Hdt.7.163, cf. 8.130; λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π. turn out true, Pi.O.7.69;

συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως Pl.Lg. 709a

.

3 fall to one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, accrue,

τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε Plb.30.31.7

;

φησιν.. ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν Id.2.62.1

; τὴν πεπτωκότα (sic)

μοι οἰκίαν BGU251.12

(ii A. D.);

τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων IG5(1).1390.45

(Andania, i B. C.);

τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον D.H.20.17

; to be paid,

τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής Str.17.1.12

;

τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ.. ἱερόν PEleph.10.2

(iii B. C.);

π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν PCair.Zen.236.7

(iii B. C.), PLond.3.1200.1 (ii B. C.) ;

μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων BMus.Inscr.1032.40

([place name] Teos) ; πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος .. Ostr.Bodl.i3 (iii B. C.) (but τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα deficiencies, IPE12.32B 75 ([place name] Olbia)).

VI fall, of a date or period of Time,

π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα Plb.1.5.1

;

οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν Id.4.2.2

.

VII fall under, belong to a class,

εἰς γένη ταῦτα Arist.Metaph. 1005a2

, al.; ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην ib. 982b8 ;

ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον Id.Top. 102a37

, cf. 151a15 ;

ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν Id.EN 1104a8

;

ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν Id.PA 681b1

;

τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.

;

ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν.. ἱστορίαν Plb.2.14.7

.

πίτνω (πᾰτνει, πίτνει; πίτνων, πίτνοντα: aor. (ἔ） πεσε（ν); πέσωμεν; πεσών, and for euphonic reasons, πετόντεσσιν, πετοῖσαν, πετοῖσαι: πίπτω occurs only in

βακνίδες· εἶδος ὑποδημάτων, Hsch. [full] βάκοα· βάθρον, Id. [full] βακοίας· πηλός, Id. [full] βακόν· πεσόν (Cret.), Id. [full] βάκται· ἰσχυροί, Id.

ἅπαξ [ᾰπ], Adv.

A once, once only, once for all, first in Od.,

ὅτε τ' ἄλλοι ἅ. θνῄσκουσ' ἄνθρωποι 12.22

; ἅ... ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι ib. 350;

ἀπαλλάχθηθ' ἅ. E.Cyc. 600

; οὐχ ἅ. μόνον more than once, A.Pr. 211;

ἅ... κοὐχὶ δίς S.OC 1208

;

πολλάκις καὶ οὐχὶ ἅ. Hdt.7.46

;

πολλάκις τε κοὐχ ἅ. S.OT 1275

;

μὴ ἅ. ἀλλὰ πολλάκις Antipho 1.3

, cf. Pl.Lg. 711a;

μὴ δίς, ἀλλ' ἅ. μόνον Arist.Pol. 1299a10

; of the self-creation of

Νοῦς, τὴν ποίησιν αὑτοῦ.. ἅ. εἶναι Plot.6.8.21

; ἅ. ἔτι yet this once, A.Ag. 1322; τὸ ἅ. τοῦτο at this moment, LXX2 Ki.17.7; ἅ. δυοῖν ποδοῖν, i.e. two square feet ( 1 x 2), opp. δυοῖν δίς ( 2 x 2), four, Pl.Men. 82c.

2 c. gen., ἅ. τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἔτεος ἑκάστου ἅ., Hdt.2.59, 4.105; also

ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἅ. Id.2.132

.

3 once on a time, formerly,

ἅ. καὶ ἅ. LXXJd.20.30

.

II without any notion of number, after conditional and temporal Particles, if once, when once, εἴπερ ἐσπείσω γ' ἅ. if once you have made a treaty, Ar.Ach. 307. cf. 923;

ἢν ἅ. ἁλῷ Id.V. 898

, cf. Av. 342;

ἂν ἅ. τις ἀποθάνῃ Amphis 8

;

ἐπειδήπερ γ' ἅ. ἐμοὶ σεαυτὸν παραδέδωκας Ar.V. 1129

;

ἐπεὶ ἅ. ἐταράχθησαν Th.7.44

;

ὡς ἅ. ἤρξατο X.HG5.4.58

;

ἐπεὶ ἅ. αὐτοῖς φίλος ἐγένετο Id.An.1.9.10

, cf. 3.2.25, Isoc.12.242;

ὡς ἅ. ἐγκλήματα ἐταράχθη D.18.151

: so with part.,

ἐπὶ γᾶν ἅ. πεσὸν... αἷμα A.Ag. 1019

(lyr.);

ἅ. θανόντος οὔτις ἔστ' ἀνάστασις Id.Eu. 648

;

ἅ. ἐλθόντες Pl.Prm. 165e

, cf. Ep.Hebr.6.4, etc. (ἁ- = sṃ (cf. εἷς) ; -παξ akin to πήγνυμι.)

ἐξορθ-όω,

A set upright,

τὸ πεσόν Pl.Lg. 862c

.

2 metaph., set right, correct,

τὸν σὸν ἐξόρθου πότμον S.Ant.83

;

διεφθαρμένας περιόδους Pl.Ti. 90d

;

ἤν τι μὴ καλῶς ἔχῃ, γνώμαισιν ὑστέραισιν ἐξορθούμεθα E.Supp. 1083

, cf. 1086.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: πεσόν. Κρῆτες H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Deriving the word from a verb *βά̄κω, Aor. *ἔβᾰκον (Bechtel Dial. 2, 782), which is unknown, is without value. Connecting βάκτρον (`stick'! s. βακτηρία) is improbable. So is βάκται ἰσχυροί H. Completely unknown. - Cf. ἀβακής.

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πῦρ, ός, τό (Hom.+) fire

ⓐ of earthly fire, as an important element in creation Dg 7:2.—Mt 17:15; Mk 9:22; Ac 28:5; Js 5:3 (cp. 4 Macc 15:15); ITr 2:3. Melting lead 2 Cl 16:3. Necessary for forging metals Dg 2:3. Testing precious metals for purity 1 Pt 1:7; Hv 4, 3, 4; in metaphor Rv 3:18. For ἄνθρακες πυρός Ro 12:20 s. ἄνθραξ. For κάμινος (τοῦ) πυρός (Iren. 5, 5, 2 [Harv. II 332, 2) 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 8:2 s. κάμινος. For βάλλειν εἰς (τὸ) π. s. βάλλω 1b.—περιάπτειν πῦρ kindle a fire Lk 22:55. κατακαίειν τι πυρί burn someth. (up) with fire, in a pass. construction Mt 13:40; τινὰ ἐν πυρὶ Rv 17:16 (v.l. without ἐν). Pass. construction 18:8. ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι MPol 5:2 (κατακαίω, end). πῦρ καιόμενον 11:2b (καίω 1a). πυρὶ καίεσθαι Hb 12:18; Rv 8:8 (καίω 1a). Fire is used in comparisons γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός Ac 2:3 (Ezek. Trag. 234 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14] ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ φέγγος ὡς πυρὸς ὤφθη ἡμῖν). φλὸξ πυρός a flame of fire (Ex 3:2; Is 29:6; PsSol 15:4; JosAs 14:9): ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡς φλὸξ πυρός Rv 1:14; cp. 2:18; 19:12.—Of a Christian worker who has built poorly in the congregation it is said σωθήσεται ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved as if through (the) fire, i.e. like a person who must pass through a wall of fire to escape fr. a burning house (Ps.-Crates, Ep. 6 [=Malherbe p. 56] κἂν διὰ πυρός; Jos., Ant. 17, 264 διὰ τοῦ πυρός; Diod S 1, 57, 7; 8 διὰ τοῦ φλογὸς … σωθείς from a burning tent) 1 Cor 3:15 (HHollander, NTS 40, ’94, 89–104; s. σῴζω 3). Cp. Jd 23 (ἁρπάζω 2a).—Of the torture of a loyal confessor by fire IRo 5:3; ISm 4:2; MPol 2:3; 11:2a; 13:3; 15:1f; 16:1; 17:2; cp. Hb 11:34; in imagery of Rome ἀπέρχομαι εἰς κάμινον πυρός AcPl Ha 6, 20 (cp. b below).

ⓑ of fire that is heavenly in origin and nature (cp. Diod S 4, 2, 3 of the ‘fire’ of lightning, accompanying the appearance of Zeus; 16, 63, 3 τὸ θεῖον πῦρ; Just., D. 88, 3 πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῳ [at Jesus’ baptism]. In gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 14]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 9, 5.—Orig., C. Cels. 4, 13, 19): an angel appears to Moses ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου in the flame of a burning thorn-bush Ac 7:30 (s. Ex 3:2; cp. Just., A I, 62, 3 ἐν ἰδέᾳ πυρός.—PKatz, ZNW 46, ’55, 133–38). God makes τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα (cp. Ps 103:4, esp. in the v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3. Corresp., there burn before the heavenly throne seven λαμπάδες πυρός Rv 4:5 and the ‘strong angel’ 10:1 has πόδες ὡς στῦλοι πυρός, but both of these pass. fit equally well in a. Fire appears mostly as a means used by God to execute punishment: in the past, in the case of Sodom ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ Lk 17:29 (Gen 19:24; cp. 1QH 3:31). Cp. Lk 9:54 (4 Km 1:10, 12; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24, 13] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 23 πῦρ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ πεσόν). Quite predom. in connection w. the Last Judgment: the end of the world διʼ αἵματος καὶ πυρός Hv 4, 3, 3; cp. Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3. Also Sib-Or 4, 173; 5, 376f); Rv 8:7. κόσμος αἴρεται ἐν πυρί AcPl Ha 2, 26; 9, 11. The Judgment Day ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται makes its appearance with fire 1 Cor 3:13a; cp. 13b (JGnilka, Ist 1 Cor 3:10–15 … Fegfeuer? ’55); 2 Pt 3:7 (on first-century cosmological views s. FDowning, L’AntCl 64, ’95, 99–109, esp. 107f). When Jesus comes again he will reveal himself w. his angels ἐν πυρὶ φλογός (cp. Sir 45:19) 2 Th 1:8. Oft. in Rv: fire is cast fr. heaven upon the earth 8:5; 13:13; 20:9 (καταβαίνω 1b). It proceeds fr. the mouths of God’s two witnesses 11:5 and fr. the mouths of plague-bringing horses 9:17f. See 16:8. For πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 s. ζῆλος 1, end. ἡ χείρ μου πυρὶ ἀποπίπτει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ my hand falls off me from (burning in) the fire GJs 20:1 (codd.).—The fire w. which God punishes sinners (cp. ApcSed 4:1 κόλασις καὶ πῦρ ἐστιν ἡ παίδευσίς σου) οὐ σβέννυται (cp. Is 66:24) Mk 9:48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. Hence it is called (s. PGM 5, 147 τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον): (τὸ) πῦρ (τὸ) αἰώνιον (4 Macc 12:12; TestZeb 10:3; GrBar 4:16; Just., A I, 21, 6 al.; Tat. 17, 1; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 9]) Mt 18:8; 25:41; Jd 7; Dg 10:7 (opp. τὸ πῦρ τὸ πρόσκαιρον 10:8). πῦρ ἄσβεστον (ἄσβεστος 1) Mt 3:12; Mk 9:43, 45 v.l.; Lk 3:17; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 16:2; AcPl Ha 1, 22. It burns in the γέεννα (τοῦ) πυρός (ApcEsdr 1:9 p. 25, 1 Tdf.; s. γέεννα and cp. En 10:13 τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός) Mt 5:22; 18:9 (cp. 1QS 2:7f); Mk 9:47 v.l.; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus not recorded elsewhere). ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς (καὶ θείου) Rv 19:20; 20:10, 14ab, 15 (cp. Jos As 12, 10 ἄβυσσον τοῦ πυρός); cp. Rv 21:8; 14:10, 18; 15:2. The fiery place of punishment as ἡ κάμινος τοῦ πυρός Mt 13:42, 50 (difft. AcPl Ha 6, 20 see at the end of a, above). τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ fire awaits that person AcPlCor 2:37. The fire of hell is also meant in certain parables and allegories, in which trees and vines represent persons worthy of punishment Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9; J 15:6. The one whose coming was proclaimed by John the Baptist βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί; whether πῦρ in Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16 refers to reception of the Holy Spirit (esp. in Lk 3:16) or to the fire of divine judgment is debatable; for association of πῦρ with πνεῦμα s. Ac 2:3f; AcPlCor 2:13 (βαπτίζω 3b). As Lord of Judgment God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον Hb 12:29 (Dt 4:24; 9:3.—Mesomedes calls Isis πῦρ τέλεον ἄρρητον [IAndrosIsis p. 145, 14]).—Of a different kind is the idea that fire is to be worshiped as a god (Maximus Tyr. 2, 4b of the Persians: πῦρ δέσποτα; Theosophien 14 p. 170, 11 τὸ πῦρ ἀληθῶς θεός) Dg 8:2.

ⓒ fig. (Just., D. 8, 1 πῦρ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀνήφθη; Chariton 2, 4, 7 πῦρ εἰς τ. ψυχήν; Ael. Aristid. 28, 110 K.=49 p. 527 D.: τὸ ἱερὸν κ. θεῖον πῦρ τὸ ἐκ Διός; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 5; PGrenf I=Coll. Alex. p. 177 ln. 15 [II B.C.] of the fire of love; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21] of God’s wrath) ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ Js 3:6 (s. γλῶσσα 1a). The saying of Jesus πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Lk 12:49 seems, in the context where it is now found, to refer to the fire of discord (s. vss. 51–53). πῦρ is also taken as fig. in Agr 3, the sense of which, however, cannot be determined w. certainty (s. Unknown Sayings, 54–56) ὁ ἐγγύς μου ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός. ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας (cp. ἐγγύς 3; ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ πυρός as someth. dangerous also Chariton 6, 3, 9). On the difficult pass. πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται Mk 9:49 and its variants s. ἁλίζω and cp. ἅλας b (s. also NColeman, JTS 24, 1923, 381–96, ET 48, ’37, 360–62; PHaupt, Salted with Fire: AJP 45, 1924, 242–45; AFridrichsen, Würzung durch Feuer: SymbOsl 4, 1926, 36–38; JdeZwaan, Met vuur gezouten worden, Mc 9:49: NThSt 11, 1928, 179–82; RHarris, ET 48, ’37, 185f; SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 309–44. JBauer, TZ 15, ’59, 446–50; HZimmermann [Mk 9:49], TQ 139, ’59, 28–39; TBaarda [Mk 9:49], NTS 5, ’59, 318–21).—B. 71; RAC VII 786–90; BHHW I 479f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.