λαμπάδες

λαμπάς 1

torch: fem nom /voc pl

λαμπάς 2

torch-lit: fem nom /voc pl

λαμπάς, άδος, ἡ (s. λάμπω; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol 10:8; TestJob; ParJer 3:2; Philo, Joseph., SibOr; Mel., Fgm. 8b [περὶ λουτροῦ] 3; loanw. in rabb.).

① torch (in this mng. in Trag.; Thu. 3, 24, 1; Polyb. 3, 93, 4; Herodian 4, 2, 10; OGI 764, 43; 50; 54; Sir 48:1; Jos., Bell. 6, 16, Ant. 5, 223; SibOr Fgm. 3, 44), so prob. J 18:3 w. φανοί (=lanterns; both articles together Dionys. Hal. 11, 40, 2; PLond II, 1159, 59 p. 113 [II A.D.]=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, p. 493).—Celestial phenomena that resemble burning torches (Diod S 16, 66; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4; Erot. Gr. Fgm. pap ed. BLavagnini 1922, Herp. 47; PGM 4, 2939ff ἀστέρα ὡς λαμπάδα) ἀστὴρ μέγας καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς Rv 8:10 (Diod S 15, 50, 2 ὤφθη κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐπὶ πολλὰς νύκτας λαμπὰς μεγάλη καομένη; Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 22 λαμπάδες ἐν οὐρανῷ καιόμεναι). Cp. ἑπτὰ λαμπάδες πυρὸς καιόμεναι ἐνώπιον τ. θρόνου 4:5 (λαμπάδες πυρός as Eutecnius 4 p. 39, 6; Gen 15:17; Na 2:5; Da 10:6; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 311.—λαμπάδες καιόμεναι as Artem. [see above]; Job 41:11).

② lamp (so POxy 1449 [III A.D.]; Jdth 10:22; Da 5:5 Theod.) w. a wick and space for oil Mt 25:1, 3f, 7f (acc. to FZorell, Verbum Domini 10, 1930, 176–82; HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 46 [Mor. 263f] the wedding torch [s. 1] is meant here); Ac 20:8. It is uncertain whether λαβέτωσαν ἀνὰ λαμπάδα let each (daughter) take a lamp (or torch) GJs 7:2 (‘lampe’ deStrycker; ‘flambeau’ EAmann, Le Protévangile de Jacques et ses remaniements latins 1910) belongs under 1 or 2 (cp. Mt 25:1 and Lk 12:35).—RAC VII 154–217. B. 484. DELG s.v. λάμπω. M-M. TW.

δαΐς, δαΐδος, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. [full] δᾴς, δᾳδός, ἡ: ([etym.] δαίω Α):—

A fire-brand, pinetorch,

δαΐδων ὑπὸ λαμπομενάων Il.18.492

;

δαΐδας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχοντες Od.7.101

; δᾷδες, = λαμπάδες, Philyll.29;

ἀραμένη δαΐδας IG12(5).229.8

; ἔλαχεν μυστιπόλους δ, of a δᾳδοῦχος, ib.3.172: in sg., Ar.Nu. 1494, Antiph.199, 272: collective in sg., metaph., ἐπὶ τὴν δᾷδα προελθεῖν to come to the funeral-torch. i.e. end of life, Plu.2.789a.

2 as collective noun, pine-wood, such as torches were made of, SIG 57.32 (Milet., V B.C.), Ar.Nu. 612, Th.7.53, X.Cyr.7.5.23, Arist. Col. 791b24, Supp.Epigr.1.329.24.

3 a disease in pines, resin-glut, Thphr.HP3.9.5.

4 = δαδίον 2, Hp Mul.2.133.

εὐνοῦχος, ὁ, ([etym.] εὐνή, ἔχω)

A castrated person, eunuch, employed to take charge of the women and act as chamberlain (whence the name, ὁ τὴν εὐνὴν ἔχων), Hdt.3.130, al., Ar.Ach. 117, X.Cyr.7.5.60, etc.

2 of animals, Philostr.Her.1.3, Sch.Par.A.R.1.585.

3 of dates, without stones, Arist.Fr. 267:—Pythag. name for θρίδαξ, Lycusap. Ath.2.69e.

II as Adj., watching the bed, sleepless,

λαμπάδες εὐνούχοισιν ὄμμασιν S.Fr. 789

.

κεραύν-ιος, α, ον, also ος, ον A.Th. 430, E.Ba. 594 (anap.):—

A of a thunderbolt,

βολαί A.

l.c.;

φλόξ Id.Pr. 1017

;

πέμφιξ S.Fr. 538

; πῦρ, λαμπάδες, E.Tr.80, Ba. 244; θάνατος death by the thunderbolt, Call.Aet.3.1.64;

λίθος

heliotrope,

PHolm.10.37

, Porph.VP17, cf. Plin.HN37.132.

2 thundersmitten, of Semele, S.Ant. 1139 (lyr.), E.Ba.6;

Καπανέως κ. δέμας Id.Supp. 496

; τὰ Κεραύνια the ' thunder-splitten peaks', name of several mountain ridges, Str.6.3.5, etc.

3 κεραύνιος, ὁ, kind of bandage, Sor.Fasc.37.

II = κεραύνειος, [Ζεύς] Arist.Mu. 401a17, Milet.1(7).278; applied to Philip, AP6.115 (Antip. <Sid.>).

λαμπάς (A), άδος, ἡ,

A torch, A.Th. 433, Th.3.24, etc.;

πευκίνη λ. S. Tr. 1198

; beacon-light, A.Ag.8, 28, etc.; λαμπάδας ἅψασθαι light torches, Ar.Th. 655; λαμπάδας τινάσσων, in Bacchic ceremonies, Id.Ra. 340 (lyr.); used in festal processions, φαίνετε τούτῳ (sc. τῷ Αἰσχύλῳ) λαμπάδας ἱεράς ib. 1525 (anap.), cf. Th. 102 (lyr.).

2 faggot, Plb.3.93.4; any light, lamp,

λαμπάδες ἀργυραῖ LXX Ju.10.22

; wax-light, Plu.2.263f;

λ. κηροχίτων AP6.249

(Antip.); later of oillamps, Ev.Matt.25.3.

3 metaph., of the sun, Parm.10.3, S. Ant. 879 (lyr.), etc.; ἡ 'πιοῦσα λ. the coming light, i.e. the next day, E.Med. 352; of lightning,

δαμασθεὶς λαμπάσιν κεραυνίοις Id.Supp. 1011

, cf. Ba. 244, 594 (lyr.); of the Cyclops' eye, Cratin.459.

4 meteor, Arist.Mu. 395b11, D.S.16.66, D.C.37.25.

II torch-race, = λαμπαδηδρομία, Hdt.6.105, X.Vect.4.52; λαμπάδα δραμεῖν, τρέχειν, run the race, Ar.V. 1203, Thphr.Char.27.4;

τὰς λ. δραμεῖν IG22.1030.9

; ἐν ταῖς λ. διηγωνίσθαι ib.1039.20;

λαμπάδα φέρειν Ar.Ra. 1087

(anap.); ἀφιεμένην τὴν λ. θεῶ see the start, ib. 131;

τὰς λ. συντελεῖν IG 22.1011.9

;

λ. ἔσται.. ἀφ' ἵππων τῇ θεῷ Pl.R. 328a

; λαμπάδι νικᾶν win in it, And.4.42, cf. IG22.957, al.; λαμπάδα ν. win it, ib.3.106, al.; οἱ νικήσαντες τὴν λ. ib.122, cf. Milet.1(7).203a14 (ii B. C.).

2 metaph., of life,

λαμπάδα γὰρ ζωᾶς με δραμεῖν.. ἤθελε δαίμων Epigr.Gr. 231

([place name] Chios);

καθάπερ λαμπάδα τὸν βίον παραδιδόντας ἄλλοις ἐξ ἄλλων Pl.Lg. 776b

.

III = λυχνὶς ἀγρία, Ps.-Dsc.3.101.

------------------------------------

λαμπάς (B), άδος, poet. Adj.,

A torch-lit, λ. ἀκταί, of Eleusis, S.OC 1049 (lyr.);

ἑορταὶ λ. Lys.Fr. 105

S.

μετ-αίχμιος, ον, [dialect] Aeol. (also in Trag.) πεδ-, ([etym.] αἰχμή)

A between two armies,

φόνοι Lyc.1435

; debatable, of territory, J.BJ5.1.4:—but usu. Subst. [full] μεταίχμιον, τό, space between two armies, Hdt.6.77, 112;

ἐς μέσον μ. E.Ph. 1361

: pl., ib. 1279;

ἐν μεταιχμίοις δορός Id.Heracl. 803

; disputed frontier, debatable land, Sol. ap.Arist.Ath.12.5, Hdt.8.140.β: metaph., ἐν μεταιχμίῳ σκότου in the border-land between light and darkness, A.Ch.63 (lyr.): generally, interspace, Arist.PA 676a2; of Time, οὐδὲν ἔχειν μ. ἀνδρῶν no interval of manhood, Luc.Am.21;

τὸ μ. Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Ἡλίου Nicom. Harm.3

.

2 what is mid-way between, c. gen.,

ἀνὴρ γυνή τε χὤτι τῶν μεταίχμιον A.Th. 197

; πεδαίχμιοι λαμπάδες hanging in mid-air, Id.Ch. 589 (lyr.): neut. as Adv.,

ζωῆς καὶ θανάτοιο μ. AP9.597

([place name] Cometas).

προκέλευθος, ον,

A conducting, ἡμέρα dub.l. in Stratt. 36;

ἐμεῖο Mosch.2.151

;

χρεμέτισμα γάμου π. AP5.244

(Maced.);

λαμπάδες Epigr.Gr.418.7

([place name] Cyrene): abs., of persons, Nonn.D.11.419.

σέλαιναι· λαμπάδες, Hsch.

σελασφόρος, ον,

A light-bearing, light-bringing,

λαμπάδες A.Eu. 1022

; ἅρμα prob. in Epic.Alex.Adesp.9 x 11; name of Ἄρτεμις (cf. πυρφόρος), Paus.1.31.4; of the moon, Cat.Cod.Astr.1.173.

φᾰεσφόρ-ος (parox.), ον, ([etym.] φάος, φέρω)

A light-bringing,

λαμπάδες A.Ag. 489

;

Κύκλωπος ὄψις E.Cyc. 462

; ἐν μακρᾷ φλογὶ φαεσφόρῳ, i. e. after many days, Id.Hel. 629 (lyr.), cf. Call.Dian. 204;

Ἠώς A.

R.4.885; of Artemis, IG14.2524 ([place name] Autun). Cf. φωσφόρος.

φλόγ-εος, α, ον, ([etym.] φλόξ)

A bright as fire,

ὄχεα Il.5.745

, 8.389.

2 burning, flaming,

πυρὸς αὐγαί E.Hec. 1104

(lyr.);

φλογέας δαλοῖσι χέρας Id.Tr. 1257

(lyr.);

λαμπάδες Ar.Ra. 340

(lyr.).

3 inflamed, red, φλόγεαι, = ἐρυθραί, dub. in Hp. ap. Gal.19.152; v. φλόγιος.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `torch from reed, reed-bundle' (hell.);

Derivatives: also ἑλένη λαμπάς, δετή H., also `twisted basket, with the sacred apparatus for a feast of Artemis Brauronia, the so-called Έλενηφόρια (Poll.); to this ἑλένιος ἀγγεῖον χωροῦν τέταρτον H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Uncertain the plant name ἑλένιον, s. Έλένη. To ἑλάνη cf. σκαπάνη, πλεκτάνη etc. (Chantr. Form. 199). (With ἑλένη cf ὠλένη, Aeol. φερενα; so prob. assimilation of ἑλάνη (s. Schwyzer 255f.). - For the meaning `reed-bundle, twisted basket' one connects ἑλάνη, - ένη with εἰλέω `turn, wind' (s. v.); the meaning `torch' would also allow this etymology (cf. δεταί `λαμπάδες, δράγματα'). But it is clearly wrong, as it is most probably a Pre-Greek word. (Not to εἵλη `heat of the sun,' (Solmsen Unt. 196).

Page in Frisk: 1,481

καίω (Hom.+) fut. καύσω LXX; 1 aor. ἔκαυσα. Pass. 1 aor. inf. καυθῆναι (MPol 5:2 v.l.) and 2 aor. (B-D-F §76, 1; Rob. 349f) καῆναι (MPol 5:2; 12:3); fut. καυθήσομαι (καυθήσωμαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l., an impossible form, s. W-S. §13, 7; B-D-F §28; Mlt-H. 219) and καήσομαι (Hs 4, 4); pf. ptc. κεκαυμένος.

① to cause to be lighted or be on fire, to light, to have/keep burning

ⓐ lit. λύχνον a lamp (Posidon: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; cp. Lev 24:2, 4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 308; PGM 4, 2372) Mt 5:15 (so act. καίω τι X., An. 4, 4, 12; 4, 1, 11; EpJer 18. But, in contrast to ἅπτω, κ. lays the emphasis less upon the act of lighting than on keeping a thing burning; s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 80.—Diod S 13, 111, 2 πυρὰ κάειν=keep fires burning). Pass. w. act. sense be lit, burn Mk 4:21 v.l. λύχνοι καιόμενοι (Artem. 2, 9; cp. Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36. 1, 1 Jac. καιομένου τοῦ λύχνου; Ex 27:20; Jos., Ant. 8, 90) Lk 12:35; J 5:35; λαμπάδες … καιόμεναι Rv 4:5; GJs 7:2; cp. ἀστὴρ … καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς Rv 8:10. πῦρ καιόμενον (Hdt. 1, 86; Is 4:5; SibOr 7, 6) MPol 11:2a. κλίβανος καιόμενος a burning or heated oven (Hos 7:4) 2 Cl 16:3. W. πυρί added (Pla., Phd. 113a εἰς τόπον μέγαν πυρὶ πολλῷ καιόμενον) Hb 12:18 (cp. Dt 4:11; 5:23; 9:15); Rv 8:8. πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ w. fire and brimstone (cp. Is 30:33) 21:8; cp. 19:20.

ⓑ fig. of emotional experience (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 762 ἡ ὀδύνη καίουσα; Philo, Decal. 49 καιόμενοι κ. κατακαιόμενοι ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμιῶν) of the heart οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν; were not our hearts burning? Lk 24:32 (cp. PGM 7, 472 καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν κ. τὴν καρδίαν; TestNapht 7:4 ἐκαιόμην τοῖς σπλάγχνοις. PGrenf I, 1 I, 9 [II B.C.] συνοδηγὸν ἔχω τὸ πολὺ πῦρ τὸ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μου καιόμενον. Cp. Ps 38:4. On the variants s. in addition to the comm. WAllen, JTS 2, 1901, 299).

② to cause someth. to burn so as to be consumed, burn (up) act. trans. (Hom. et al.; Job 15:34; Just., A I, 53f) MPol 18:1. Pass. intr. be burned (Is 5:24; Jos., Ant. 4, 248 [ἡ παιδίσκη] καιέσθω ζῶσα) Mt 13:40 v.l. (for κατακαίεται, s. κατακαίω) J 15:6; Hs 4:4. The stones being burned Hv 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 2 are to be understood as representing apostates: ApcPt Bodl. (restored by Bartlet).—MPol 12:3a. σὰρξ καιομένη 15:2. δεῖ με ζῶντα καυθῆναι I must be burned alive 5:2; cp. 12:3b (Ael. Aristid, 36, 67 K.=48 p. 465 D.: καυθήσεσθαι ζῶντες; 45 p. 74 D.; Appian, Hann. 31 §132 ζῶντας ἔκαυσε). The mng. is disputed in ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l. (for καυχήσωμαι; s. καυχάομαι 1). Most scholars in this connection think of martyrdom (e.g. Ltzm., JSickenberger, H-D Wendland.—Cp. e.g. Da 3:19f; 2 Macc 7:5; 4 Macc 6:26; 7:12; Jos., Ant. 17, 167. Also Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 16 μαστιγούμενον κ. τεμνόμενον κ. καόμενον).—JWeiss (in Meyer⁹) and FDölger (Antike u. Christentum I 1929, 254–70) prefer to interpret it as voluntary self-burning (Diod S 17, 107, 1–6 Κάλανος; Lucian, Peregr. 20 καύσων ἑαυτόν of Peregr.; RFick, D. ind. Weise Kalanos u. s. Flammentod: NGG, Phil.-Hist. Kl. ’38; NMacnicol, ET 55, ’43/44, 50–52). KSchmidt (TW III 466–69) leaves the choice open betw. the two possibilities mentioned.—Preuschen (ZNW 16, 1915, 127–38) interprets it to mean brand, mark as a slave by branding, i.e. to sell oneself as a slave and present the purchase price to charity (for the idea s. 1 Cl 55:2).—B. 75. DELG. M-M. TW.

πῦρ, ός, τό (Hom.+) fire

ⓐ of earthly fire, as an important element in creation Dg 7:2.—Mt 17:15; Mk 9:22; Ac 28:5; Js 5:3 (cp. 4 Macc 15:15); ITr 2:3. Melting lead 2 Cl 16:3. Necessary for forging metals Dg 2:3. Testing precious metals for purity 1 Pt 1:7; Hv 4, 3, 4; in metaphor Rv 3:18. For ἄνθρακες πυρός Ro 12:20 s. ἄνθραξ. For κάμινος (τοῦ) πυρός (Iren. 5, 5, 2 [Harv. II 332, 2) 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 8:2 s. κάμινος. For βάλλειν εἰς (τὸ) π. s. βάλλω 1b.—περιάπτειν πῦρ kindle a fire Lk 22:55. κατακαίειν τι πυρί burn someth. (up) with fire, in a pass. construction Mt 13:40; τινὰ ἐν πυρὶ Rv 17:16 (v.l. without ἐν). Pass. construction 18:8. ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι MPol 5:2 (κατακαίω, end). πῦρ καιόμενον 11:2b (καίω 1a). πυρὶ καίεσθαι Hb 12:18; Rv 8:8 (καίω 1a). Fire is used in comparisons γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός Ac 2:3 (Ezek. Trag. 234 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14] ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ φέγγος ὡς πυρὸς ὤφθη ἡμῖν). φλὸξ πυρός a flame of fire (Ex 3:2; Is 29:6; PsSol 15:4; JosAs 14:9): ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡς φλὸξ πυρός Rv 1:14; cp. 2:18; 19:12.—Of a Christian worker who has built poorly in the congregation it is said σωθήσεται ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved as if through (the) fire, i.e. like a person who must pass through a wall of fire to escape fr. a burning house (Ps.-Crates, Ep. 6 [=Malherbe p. 56] κἂν διὰ πυρός; Jos., Ant. 17, 264 διὰ τοῦ πυρός; Diod S 1, 57, 7; 8 διὰ τοῦ φλογὸς … σωθείς from a burning tent) 1 Cor 3:15 (HHollander, NTS 40, ’94, 89–104; s. σῴζω 3). Cp. Jd 23 (ἁρπάζω 2a).—Of the torture of a loyal confessor by fire IRo 5:3; ISm 4:2; MPol 2:3; 11:2a; 13:3; 15:1f; 16:1; 17:2; cp. Hb 11:34; in imagery of Rome ἀπέρχομαι εἰς κάμινον πυρός AcPl Ha 6, 20 (cp. b below).

ⓑ of fire that is heavenly in origin and nature (cp. Diod S 4, 2, 3 of the ‘fire’ of lightning, accompanying the appearance of Zeus; 16, 63, 3 τὸ θεῖον πῦρ; Just., D. 88, 3 πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῳ [at Jesus’ baptism]. In gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 14]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 9, 5.—Orig., C. Cels. 4, 13, 19): an angel appears to Moses ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου in the flame of a burning thorn-bush Ac 7:30 (s. Ex 3:2; cp. Just., A I, 62, 3 ἐν ἰδέᾳ πυρός.—PKatz, ZNW 46, ’55, 133–38). God makes τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα (cp. Ps 103:4, esp. in the v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3. Corresp., there burn before the heavenly throne seven λαμπάδες πυρός Rv 4:5 and the ‘strong angel’ 10:1 has πόδες ὡς στῦλοι πυρός, but both of these pass. fit equally well in a. Fire appears mostly as a means used by God to execute punishment: in the past, in the case of Sodom ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ Lk 17:29 (Gen 19:24; cp. 1QH 3:31). Cp. Lk 9:54 (4 Km 1:10, 12; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24, 13] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 23 πῦρ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ πεσόν). Quite predom. in connection w. the Last Judgment: the end of the world διʼ αἵματος καὶ πυρός Hv 4, 3, 3; cp. Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3. Also Sib-Or 4, 173; 5, 376f); Rv 8:7. κόσμος αἴρεται ἐν πυρί AcPl Ha 2, 26; 9, 11. The Judgment Day ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται makes its appearance with fire 1 Cor 3:13a; cp. 13b (JGnilka, Ist 1 Cor 3:10–15 … Fegfeuer? ’55); 2 Pt 3:7 (on first-century cosmological views s. FDowning, L’AntCl 64, ’95, 99–109, esp. 107f). When Jesus comes again he will reveal himself w. his angels ἐν πυρὶ φλογός (cp. Sir 45:19) 2 Th 1:8. Oft. in Rv: fire is cast fr. heaven upon the earth 8:5; 13:13; 20:9 (καταβαίνω 1b). It proceeds fr. the mouths of God’s two witnesses 11:5 and fr. the mouths of plague-bringing horses 9:17f. See 16:8. For πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 s. ζῆλος 1, end. ἡ χείρ μου πυρὶ ἀποπίπτει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ my hand falls off me from (burning in) the fire GJs 20:1 (codd.).—The fire w. which God punishes sinners (cp. ApcSed 4:1 κόλασις καὶ πῦρ ἐστιν ἡ παίδευσίς σου) οὐ σβέννυται (cp. Is 66:24) Mk 9:48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. Hence it is called (s. PGM 5, 147 τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον): (τὸ) πῦρ (τὸ) αἰώνιον (4 Macc 12:12; TestZeb 10:3; GrBar 4:16; Just., A I, 21, 6 al.; Tat. 17, 1; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 9]) Mt 18:8; 25:41; Jd 7; Dg 10:7 (opp. τὸ πῦρ τὸ πρόσκαιρον 10:8). πῦρ ἄσβεστον (ἄσβεστος 1) Mt 3:12; Mk 9:43, 45 v.l.; Lk 3:17; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 16:2; AcPl Ha 1, 22. It burns in the γέεννα (τοῦ) πυρός (ApcEsdr 1:9 p. 25, 1 Tdf.; s. γέεννα and cp. En 10:13 τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός) Mt 5:22; 18:9 (cp. 1QS 2:7f); Mk 9:47 v.l.; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus not recorded elsewhere). ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς (καὶ θείου) Rv 19:20; 20:10, 14ab, 15 (cp. Jos As 12, 10 ἄβυσσον τοῦ πυρός); cp. Rv 21:8; 14:10, 18; 15:2. The fiery place of punishment as ἡ κάμινος τοῦ πυρός Mt 13:42, 50 (difft. AcPl Ha 6, 20 see at the end of a, above). τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ fire awaits that person AcPlCor 2:37. The fire of hell is also meant in certain parables and allegories, in which trees and vines represent persons worthy of punishment Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9; J 15:6. The one whose coming was proclaimed by John the Baptist βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί; whether πῦρ in Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16 refers to reception of the Holy Spirit (esp. in Lk 3:16) or to the fire of divine judgment is debatable; for association of πῦρ with πνεῦμα s. Ac 2:3f; AcPlCor 2:13 (βαπτίζω 3b). As Lord of Judgment God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον Hb 12:29 (Dt 4:24; 9:3.—Mesomedes calls Isis πῦρ τέλεον ἄρρητον [IAndrosIsis p. 145, 14]).—Of a different kind is the idea that fire is to be worshiped as a god (Maximus Tyr. 2, 4b of the Persians: πῦρ δέσποτα; Theosophien 14 p. 170, 11 τὸ πῦρ ἀληθῶς θεός) Dg 8:2.

ⓒ fig. (Just., D. 8, 1 πῦρ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀνήφθη; Chariton 2, 4, 7 πῦρ εἰς τ. ψυχήν; Ael. Aristid. 28, 110 K.=49 p. 527 D.: τὸ ἱερὸν κ. θεῖον πῦρ τὸ ἐκ Διός; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 5; PGrenf I=Coll. Alex. p. 177 ln. 15 [II B.C.] of the fire of love; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21] of God’s wrath) ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ Js 3:6 (s. γλῶσσα 1a). The saying of Jesus πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Lk 12:49 seems, in the context where it is now found, to refer to the fire of discord (s. vss. 51–53). πῦρ is also taken as fig. in Agr 3, the sense of which, however, cannot be determined w. certainty (s. Unknown Sayings, 54–56) ὁ ἐγγύς μου ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός. ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας (cp. ἐγγύς 3; ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ πυρός as someth. dangerous also Chariton 6, 3, 9). On the difficult pass. πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται Mk 9:49 and its variants s. ἁλίζω and cp. ἅλας b (s. also NColeman, JTS 24, 1923, 381–96, ET 48, ’37, 360–62; PHaupt, Salted with Fire: AJP 45, 1924, 242–45; AFridrichsen, Würzung durch Feuer: SymbOsl 4, 1926, 36–38; JdeZwaan, Met vuur gezouten worden, Mc 9:49: NThSt 11, 1928, 179–82; RHarris, ET 48, ’37, 185f; SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 309–44. JBauer, TZ 15, ’59, 446–50; HZimmermann [Mk 9:49], TQ 139, ’59, 28–39; TBaarda [Mk 9:49], NTS 5, ’59, 318–21).—B. 71; RAC VII 786–90; BHHW I 479f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἱκανός, ή, όν (s. three next entries; Trag., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 5:17; TestNapht 2:4; JosAs 28:11; ParJer 6:6 [שַׁדַּי]; ApcSed 2:3; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 36, 2 ἱκανώτατος; loanw. in rabb.).

① sufficient in degree, sufficient, adequate, large enough ἱκανόν ἐστιν it is enough (Epict. 1, 2, 36; 3 Km 16:31; the copula is oft. omitted: Gen 30:15; Ezk 34:18; Just., D. 13, 1) Lk 22:38 (WWestern, ET 52, ’40/41, 357 ‘large’ or ‘long enough’). εἴ τινι μὴ δοκοίη κἂν ταῦτα ἱκανά if this should seem insufficient to anyone Dg 2:10. Latinism (B-D-F §5, 3b; Mlt. 20f) τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιεῖν τινι satisfacere alicui= satisfy (Polyb. 32, 3, 13; Appian, Lib. 74; BGU 1141, 13 [14 B.C.] ἐάν σοι Ἔρως τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιήσῃ γράψον μοι; POxy 293, 10; PGiss 40 I, 5); also possible is do someone a favor (so plainly Diog. L. 4, 50 = grant your request) Mk 15:15 (cp. χαρίζομαι PFlor I, 61, 61 [85 A.D.]=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 80 II, 61, of one ‘worthy to be flogged’ ἄξιος … μαστιγωθῆναι ln. 59f); Hs 6, 5, 5; τὸ ἱ. pledge, security, bond (POxy 294, 23 [22 A.D.]; BGU 530, 38; PStras 41, 51) λαμβάνειν τὸ ἱ. satis accipere= take bail (OGI 484, 50; 629, 101 [both II A.D.]) Ac 17:9.

② pert. to meeting a standard, fit, appropriate, competent, qualified, able, w. the connotation worthy, good enough (Thu.; Diod S 13, 106, 10; POxy 1672, 15; Ex 4:10) πρός τι for someth. (Pla., Prot. 322b; 2 Macc 10:19; EpArist 211) 2 Cor 2:16 (FFallon, HTR 76, ’83, 369–74, ‘divine man’ motif). W. inf. foll. (Hdt. 8, 36; Jos., Ant. 1, 29; 5, 51; Just., D. 8, 2; B-D-F §393, 4; Rob. 658) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16; 1 Cor 15:9; 2 Cor 3:5 (Dodd 15f); 2 Ti 2:2 (Jos., Ant. 3, 49 εἰπεῖν ἱ.); 1 Cl 50:2. Also w. ἵνα foll. (B-D-F §393, 4; Rob. 658; cp. PHolm 4, 23) Mt 8:8; Lk 7:6; J 1:27 v.l.—S. ITr 3:3 cj. Lghtf.

③ pert. to being large in extent or degree, considerable

ⓐ of pers. ὄχλος a large crowd Mk 10:46; Lk 7:12; Ac 11:24, 26; 19:26 (SIG 569, 14 πλῆθος ἱ.; PPetr II, 20; II, 7; PLille 3, 76 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 5, 250). λαὸν ἱ. large following 5:37 v.l.

ⓑ of things κλαυθμός weeping aloud Ac 20:37 (= there was quite a bit of crying). φῶς a very bright light Ac 22:6.—ἱκανὸν ἡ. ἐπιτιμία the punishment is severe enough 2 Cor 2:6 (on the lack of agreement in gender s. B-D-F §131; Rob. 411).—ἀργύρια a rather large sum of (lit. ‘enough’, i.e. ‘substantial bribe’ REB) money Mt 28:12 (cp. SIG 1106, 74; 77).—Esp. of time ἐξ ἱκανοῦ for a long time Lk 23:8 v.l. ἐφʼ ἱκανόν enough, as long as one wishes; for a long time (Polyb. 11, 25, 1; Diod S 11, 40, 3; 13, 100, 1; SIG 685, 34; 2 Macc 7:5; 8:25; EpArist 109) Ac 20:11. ἱ. χρόνος a considerable time (Aristoph.; Pla., Leg. 5 p. 736c; SIG 665, 12; UPZ 161, 29 [119 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱ. χρόνον; Jos., Ant. 7, 22, C. Ap. 1, 237) ἱ. χρόνον διέτριψαν Ac 14:3 (Just., D. 2, 3). ἱ. χρόνου διαγενομένου 27:9. ἱκανῷ χρόνῳ for a long time Lk 8:27; Ac 8:11 (on the dat. s. B-D-F §201; Rob. 527). Pl. Lk 20:9 (B-D-F §201; Rob. 470). ἐξ ἱ. χρόνων for a long time 23:8; ἐκ χρόνων ἱ. Mt 8:27 v.l.; for this ἀπὸ χρόνων ἱ. Lk 8:27 D. ἐπὶ ἱ. χρόνον Qua.

④ in relatively large numbers, many, quite a few

ⓐ of pers. abs. ἱκανοί many, quite a few (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 11 B Fr. (a), 10 [123 B.C.]; PTebt 41, 13 ἱκανῶν ἡμῶν; 1 Macc 13:49; Jos., Ant. 14, 231) Ac 12:12; 14:21; 19:19; 1 Cor 11:30 (quite a few, contrast πολλοί as Ac 19:18f); cp. μαθηταί Lk 7:11 v.l.

ⓑ of things λαμπάδες a good many lamps Ac 20:8. ἀγέλη χοίρων ἱκανῶν Lk 8:32. ἐν λόγοις ἱ. w. many words = at length Lk 23:9. Superl. κεράμια ἱκανώτατα a large number of jars Hm 12, 5, 3 (SIG 736, 108 ξύλα ἱ.).

ⓒ of periods of time ἀπὸ ἱ. ἐτῶν for many years Ro 15:23 v.l. (cp. 2 Macc 1:20). ἡμέραι ἱ. (UPZ 162 II, 15 [117 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱκανὰς ἡμέρας) Ac 9:23; ἡμέρας ἱ. for many days 9:43; 18:18. Also ἐν ἱ. ἡμέραις 27:7.—B. 927. DELG s.v. ἵκω. M-M. TW. Spicq.

ὑπολαμπάς, άδος, ἡ occurs as a v.l. at Ac 20:8 where, instead of ἦσαν λαμπάδες ἱκαναὶ ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ, D reads ἦσαν ὑπολαμπάδες κτλ. In its other occurrences, except JosAs below, the word refers to an opening such as window (L-S-J-M s.v.; cp. Phylarchus [III B.C.]: 81 Fgm. 40 Jac.; ins fr. Delos: SIG² 588, 219 [II B.C.].—HSmith, ET 16, 1905, 478; Mlt-H. 328). This could be the mng. of the v.l., given the probability of a copyist’s literary logic in preparing the auditor/reader for the fall of Eutychus, but s. JosAs 14:9 cod. A p. 59, 17 Bat. ὑπολαμπάδος καιομένης, where the sense is torch.—DELG s.v. λάμπω. M-M.