κλᾳσθῆναι

κλάω

cry: aor inf pass

κλάω

cry: aor inf pass

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `break, break off'

Other forms: ( ἐνι-κλᾶν, κατ-έκλων) Il., aor. κλάσ(σ)αι, pass. κλασθῆναι (Il.), athem. ptc. ἀπο-κλά̄ς (Anacr. 17; cf. below), fut. κλάσω, perf. pass. κέκλασμαι (IA.),

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, περι-, συν-,

Derivatives: κλάσις `breaking' (IA.), κλάσμα `broken piece' (Att.) with κλασμάτιον (Delos III^a), ἀνα-κλασμός `bending back' (Heliod.), κλάστης ἀμπελουργός H., also ὀστο-κλάστης (Kyran.) a. o., κλαστήριον `knife for clipping the vine' (Delos II^a u. a.); sec. κλαστάζω `clip the vine', metaph. `chastize' (Ar. Eq. 166); on the formation Schwyzer 706. - On κλών, κλωνός m. `sprout' (Att.) with the diminutives κλωνίον, - ίδιον, - άριον, - ίσκος (Thphr., hell. inschr., Gp.), further κλωνίτης `with sprouts' (Hdn.), κλῶναξ = `κλάδος' (H.), κλωνίζω `clip' (Suid.) see on κλάδος; not from *κλα-ών (Schwyzer 521; s. also 487 n. 3). On κλῶμαξ, ἀπόκλωμα below. - With diff. ablaut κλῆμα `twig (of the vine), tendril of the vine', κλῆρος ( κλᾶρος) `lot', κλῶμαξ `heap of stones' (s. vv.), ἀπόκλωμα. ἀπολογία ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον H. - Quite doubtful Κλαζομεναί PlN (Anatolia), acc. to Fraenkel KZ 42, 256; 43, 216 "where the waves break" (free imagination).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The uniform verbale system, is based on κλᾰ(σ)-; it may be the result of simplification. Whether this started from a presens or an aorist cannot be decided because there are no non-Greek cognates; cf. the presentation in Schwyzer 676 a. 752 and in Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 354 (who considers the present κλάω as secondary against κλάσαι). In the isolated ἀπο-κλά̄ς an old athematic form (present or aorist? Schwyzer 676 a. 742) could have been preserved; but an analogical innovation (as after φθᾰ́σαι: φθάς?) cannot be excluded however. For the old passive κλασθῆναι one might think of κλαδ- (Schwyzer 761), but extension of an aorist-stems κλασ- combined with analogy is also possible (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404f.). An old s-present *κλά[σ]-ω from IE. *kl̥-s-ō (Brugmann Grundr.² 2: 3, 342, Schwyzer 706) has no support. - The primary verbs of the other languages are completely deviant: Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer' = OCS koljǫ, klati, Russ. kolótь `sting, split, hew' (full grade IE. * kolH-; on the meaning WP. 1, 438 and Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); Lith. kuliù, kùlti (zero grade, IE. kl̥H-); Lat. per-cellō `smash' (basis uncertain). Further forms Pok. 545ff., W.-Hofmann s. clādēs. S. also κλαδαρός, κλάδος, κόλος etc. So no IE etym. It cannot comes from IE *klas- as this form cannot be made from IE. So prob. the word is of Pre-Greek origin.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).

Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)

Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόρος

Compounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);

Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [604 partly] * kleh₂-u- `lock'

Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.

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