κλάσαι

κλάω

cry: pres ind mp 2nd sg

κλάω

cry: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (doric)

κλάω

cry: pres ind mp 2nd sg

κλάω

cry: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (doric)

κλά̱σᾱͅ, κλάω

cry: pres part act fem dat sg (doric)

κλάω

cry: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

κλάω

cry: aor inf act

κλάσαῑ, κλάω

cry: aor opt act 3rd sg

κλάω (A) [pron. full] [ᾰ], [tense] impf. ἔκλων ( κατ-) Il.20.227, (ἀν-) Th.2.76: [tense] fut. κλάσω [ᾰ] J.AJ10.11.3, Luc.DDeor.11.1: [tense] aor. 1 ἔκλᾰσα, [dialect] Ep.

A

κλάσε Od.6.128

,

κατά-κλασσε Theoc.25.147

:—[voice] Med., poet. [tense] aor.

κλάσσατο AP7.124

(Diog. Laert.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

κλασθήσομαι Arist.Mete. 373a5

: [tense] aor.

ἐκλάσθην Il.11.584

: [tense] pf.

κέκλασμαι Arist.APo. 76b9

, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 part. κλάς (as if from κλῆμι) Anacr.153:—break, break off,

ἐξ ὕλης πτόρθον κλάσε Od.6.128

;

ἐκλάσθη δὲ δόναξ Il.11.584

; break off the luxuriant shoots of the vine, Thphr. CP1.15.1 ([voice] Pass.), Gal.6.134, Longus 3.29, etc.;

κ. ἄρτον 1 Ep.Cor.10.16

, cf. 11.24 ([voice] Pass.).

2 Geom., deflect, inflect, usu. of drawing a straight line 'broken back' at a line or surface,

κλάσαι εὐθεῖαν τὴν ΑΓΒ ἐν λόγῳ τῷ δοθέντι Papp. 904.17

; ἀπὸ δύο σημείων τῶν B, E

κλάσαι τὴν ΒΝΞΕ Id.122.3

:—more freq. in [voice] Pass., Arist.APo.1.c.; ἡ κεκλασμένη (sc. γραμμή) Id.Ph. 228b24;

αἱ κλώμεναι εὐθεῖαι Apollon.Perg.Con.2.52

; ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων κλασθῶσιν ib.3.52;

κεκλάσθω Euc.3.20

, al.; of visual rays, Arist.Mete. 377b22, Pr. 912b29; of arteries, Gal.9.84: generally,

καμπαῖς κεκλασμένας ὑποπορεύσεις Plu.2.968b

; κεκλ. στολίδες ib.64a; τὰ κλώμενα τῶν ῥευμάτων their broken courses, ib.747d.

3 metaph., break, weaken, frustrate,

τὴν ἐλπίδα J.BJ3.7.13

, cf. Epigr.Gr. 348 ([place name] Cios): in [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass., κεκλασμένη φωνή weak, effeminate voice, Hp.Epid.7.80, Arist.Phgn. 813a35 (also of the Siren's song, Vett.Val.108.28, cf.

κ. ἀοιδή 242.10

); τὰ κεκλ. τῶν ὀμμάτων enfeebled eyes, Arist.Phgn. 808a9; κεκλ. μέλη varied by modulation, Plu.2.1138c; ῥυθμὸς κεκλ. broken rhythm, Longin.41.1; τὸ κεκλ. καὶ παντοδαπόν (sc. τῆς λέξεως) Phld.Rh.1.198S.

b of emotion,

ἐκλάσθην πρὸς ἔλεον J.Vit.43

.

------------------------------------

κλάω (B) [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att. for κλαίω (q.v.).

κατακλύζω (fut. - κλύσσει: aor. -κλᾰσαισα; -κλᾰσαι: pass. aor., - κλυσθεῖσαν.)

κλείω (A), [tense] fut.

A

κλείσω X.An.4.3.20

( ἀπο-), Him.Or.22.7; rare [tense] fut. κατα-κλιῶ, v. κατακλείω: [tense] aor.

ἔκλεισα X.An.7.1.36

, Pl.Ep. 348b: [tense] pf.

κέκλεικα Thphr.Char.18.4

, LXX 1 Ki.23.20, Luc.Tox.30: [tense] plpf.

ἐκεκλείκειν App.Hann.47

:*mdash;[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐκλεισάμην ( κατ-) X.Cyr. 7.2.5, (ἐγ-) Id.HG6.5.9:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. κλεισθήσομαι ( συγ-) ib.5.2.19: [tense] aor.

ἐκλείσθην D.23.110

, etc.: [tense] pf. κέκλειμαι (later κέκλεισμαι f.l. in Ar.V. 198) (v. infr.):—[dialect] Ion. [full] κληΐω ( ἀπο-) Hdt.4.7: [tense] aor.

ἐκλήῑσα Od. 24.166

, (ἐξ-) Hdt.1.144, [dialect] Ep.

κλήῑσα Od.19.30

; inf.

κληῗσαι 21.382

:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut. κληΐσσομαι cj. in Nonn.D.2.310:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἀπ-εκληΐσθην Hdt.1.165

, 3.55, 58: [tense] pf.

κεκλήϊμαι 2.121

.β, cf. 3.117, 7.129 (with vv.ll.): [tense] plpf.

ἀπ-εκεκλέατο 9.50

codd.:—old [dialect] Att. [full] κλῄω (also Trag., cf. An.Ox.1.226), [tense] fut.

κλῄσω Th.4.8

: [tense] aor.

ἔκλῃσα E.Or. 1447

(lyr.), Th.2.4, Pl.R. 560c: [tense] pf. κέκλῃκα ( ἀπο-) Ar.Av. 1262:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

κεκλῄσομαι Id.Lys. 1071

: [tense] aor.

περι-κλῄσασθαι Th.7.52

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐκλῄσθην (κατ-, ξυν-) Id.1.117, 4.67, etc.: [tense] pf. κέκλῃμαι (v. infr.):— [dialect] Dor. [tense] fut.

κλᾳξῶ Theoc.6.32

: [tense] aor. ἀπό-κλᾳξον, -κλᾴξας, Id.15.43, 77,

ἔκλᾳξε Cerc.7.2

, cf. κλάκαι (leg. κλᾷσαι) · κλεῖσαι, Hsch.:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf.

κατ-εκλᾴζετο Theoc.18.5

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

κατ-εκλᾴσθην Id.7.84

, but part.

συγκατα-κλαιχθείς Chron.Lind.D.62

: [tense] pf. [ per.] 3pl.

κατα-κέκλᾱνται Epich.141

.—Cf. κλῄζω (B). ([etym.] κλείς):—shut, close, bar, Hom. (only in Od.), κλήϊσεν δὲ θύρας barred the doors, 21.387; ἐκλήϊσεν ὀχῆας shot the bars, so as to close the dooe door, 24.166;

κλῄειν πύλας E. HF 997

, Pl.R.l.c., etc.;

κ. πηκτὰ δωμάτων Ar.Ach. 479

;

κλεῖδες.., αἷς τὰς θύρας κλείουσιν Aristopho 7

;

Ἐτεοκλέους.. κλῄσας στόμα E. Ph. 865

; κανθώς Cerc.l.c.;

λάρυγγα Gal.6.65

:—[voice] Pass.,

βλέφαρα κέκλῃται S.Fr. 711

;

ψυχῆς ἀνοῖξαι τὴν κεκλῃμένην πύλην Id.Fr. 393

;

κεκλειμένης σου τῆς παρρησίας οὐ κιγκλίσιν.., ἀλλὰ.. ὀφλήμασι D.25.28

.

2 shut up, close, block up,

Βόσπορον κλῇσαι A.Pers. 723

(troch.);

κλῄσειν ταῖς ναυσὶν τοὺς ἔσπλους Th.4.8

:—[voice] Pass., Hdt.2.121.

β; τὰ ἐμπόρια κεκλῇσθαι Lys.22.14

;

κεκλειμένων τῶν ἐμπορίων D.2.16

.

II shut in, enclose,

πόλιν.. πύργων μηχανῇ κεκλῃμένην A.Supp. 956

; cf. κλῄζω (B).

III confine,

πλάστιγξ αὐχένα πώλων ἔκλῃε E.Rh. 304

:— [voice] Pass., to be confined,

χέρας βρόχοισι κεκλῃμένα Id.Andr. 502

(lyr.): metaph.,

ὅρκοις κεκλῄμεθα Id.Hel. 977

.

2 deliver bound,

τινὰ εἰς τὰς τοῦ βασιλέως χεῖρας LXX 1 Ki.23.20

.

------------------------------------

κλείω (B), [dialect] Ep. for κλέω (A),

A celebrate (q.v.).

------------------------------------

κλείω (C), [dialect] Ep. for κλέω (B), καλέω,

A call (q.v.).

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: name of a herder's staff, which was thrown to drive back the cattle to the herd (Ψ 845, Antim., A.R.);

Other forms: κολλόροβον (Hipparch. Ptol.; BGU 59.13 written κολλώροβον), = κορύνη H. (which has κολλορόβον); (Fur. 145f.)

Derivatives: καλαυρόπιον (Artem.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unclear καλαυρόφις βακτηριοφόρος H. (in wrong place); Fur. 146 n. 18 suggests that it is a mistake for *καλαυροπο-φορίς. - Aeolic compound καλα-Ϝροψ (Schwyzer 224, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 158), of which the second member reminds ῥόπαλον (s. v.), but which is further unexplained. The comparison with Skt. śalá- ` stick' (s. Bq; cf. on κῆλον) or with κλάω, κλάσαι must be forgotten. - A typical Pre-Greek word, which contains a labialized r, i.e. rʷ: * kalarʷap-; the labial element was anticipated in καλαυροπ-, the element coloured the following a into o; in κολλορ- the preceding a was also coloured to o; the first a was assimilated to the following o, ω; the ω was contracted from αυ; compare for the phenomena on ἄλοξ. (The final syllable will have had -ap- as this was the normal form in Pre-Greek and as the language did not have a phoneme o.) Thus the forms show several phenomena typical of Pre-Greek loans.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `break, break off'

Other forms: ( ἐνι-κλᾶν, κατ-έκλων) Il., aor. κλάσ(σ)αι, pass. κλασθῆναι (Il.), athem. ptc. ἀπο-κλά̄ς (Anacr. 17; cf. below), fut. κλάσω, perf. pass. κέκλασμαι (IA.),

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, περι-, συν-,

Derivatives: κλάσις `breaking' (IA.), κλάσμα `broken piece' (Att.) with κλασμάτιον (Delos III^a), ἀνα-κλασμός `bending back' (Heliod.), κλάστης ἀμπελουργός H., also ὀστο-κλάστης (Kyran.) a. o., κλαστήριον `knife for clipping the vine' (Delos II^a u. a.); sec. κλαστάζω `clip the vine', metaph. `chastize' (Ar. Eq. 166); on the formation Schwyzer 706. - On κλών, κλωνός m. `sprout' (Att.) with the diminutives κλωνίον, - ίδιον, - άριον, - ίσκος (Thphr., hell. inschr., Gp.), further κλωνίτης `with sprouts' (Hdn.), κλῶναξ = `κλάδος' (H.), κλωνίζω `clip' (Suid.) see on κλάδος; not from *κλα-ών (Schwyzer 521; s. also 487 n. 3). On κλῶμαξ, ἀπόκλωμα below. - With diff. ablaut κλῆμα `twig (of the vine), tendril of the vine', κλῆρος ( κλᾶρος) `lot', κλῶμαξ `heap of stones' (s. vv.), ἀπόκλωμα. ἀπολογία ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον H. - Quite doubtful Κλαζομεναί PlN (Anatolia), acc. to Fraenkel KZ 42, 256; 43, 216 "where the waves break" (free imagination).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The uniform verbale system, is based on κλᾰ(σ)-; it may be the result of simplification. Whether this started from a presens or an aorist cannot be decided because there are no non-Greek cognates; cf. the presentation in Schwyzer 676 a. 752 and in Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 354 (who considers the present κλάω as secondary against κλάσαι). In the isolated ἀπο-κλά̄ς an old athematic form (present or aorist? Schwyzer 676 a. 742) could have been preserved; but an analogical innovation (as after φθᾰ́σαι: φθάς?) cannot be excluded however. For the old passive κλασθῆναι one might think of κλαδ- (Schwyzer 761), but extension of an aorist-stems κλασ- combined with analogy is also possible (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404f.). An old s-present *κλά[σ]-ω from IE. *kl̥-s-ō (Brugmann Grundr.² 2: 3, 342, Schwyzer 706) has no support. - The primary verbs of the other languages are completely deviant: Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer' = OCS koljǫ, klati, Russ. kolótь `sting, split, hew' (full grade IE. * kolH-; on the meaning WP. 1, 438 and Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); Lith. kuliù, kùlti (zero grade, IE. kl̥H-); Lat. per-cellō `smash' (basis uncertain). Further forms Pok. 545ff., W.-Hofmann s. clādēs. S. also κλαδαρός, κλάδος, κόλος etc. So no IE etym. It cannot comes from IE *klas- as this form cannot be made from IE. So prob. the word is of Pre-Greek origin.

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ἄρτος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)

① a baked product produced fr. a cereal grain, bread also loaf of bread

ⓐ gener. (Did., Gen. 190, 25) Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3); 14:17, 19; 15:26, 33f; 16:8ff; Mk 6:38, 44, 52 (QQuesnell, The Mind of Mark, ’69); 7:27; 8:4ff, 14 (JManek, NovT 7, ’64, 10–14), 16f; Lk 4:4 (Dt 8:3); 9:13; 11:5; J 6:5, 23, 26; 21:9; 2 Cor 9:10 (Is 55:10). Opp. λίθος Mt 4:3 and Lk 4:3 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 32 Simon Mag. ἐκ λίθων ἄρτους ποιεῖ); Mt 7:9; Lk 11:11 v.l. W. water (Dt 9:9, 18; Sir 29:21; Hos 2:7) Hs 5, 3, 7. The father of the household opened a meal (s. Billerb. IV 620ff) by taking a loaf of bread, giving thanks, breaking it, and distributing it: λαμβάνειν τὸν ἄ., (κατα)κλάσαι τὸν ἄ. (Jer 16:7) Mt 14:19; 15:36; Mk 6:41; 8:19; Lk 9:16; 24:30; J 6:11; 21:13; Ac 20:11; 27:35. Cp. Lk 24:35; Ac 2:42, 46; 20:7. Usu. taken along on journeys Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3; cp. Mt 16:5, 7; Mk 8:14. W. gen. of price διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι J 6:7; Mk 6:37. ἄρτοι κρίθινοι (Judg 7:13; 4 Km 4:42) loaves of barley bread J 6:9, 13. The martyr’s body in the fire is compared to baking bread MPol 15:2.—Dalman, Arbeit IV: Brot, Öl u. Wein ’35.

ⓑ of a bread-offering ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως (Ex 40:23; 1 Km 21:7; 1 Ch 9:32; 23:29; 2 Ch 4:19; cp. 2 Ch 13:11; 2 Macc 10:3; Dssm. B 155f [BS 157]. Cp. OGI 56, 73; UPZ 149, 21 [III B.C.] πρόθεσις τ. ἄρτων in a temple ln. 31) consecrated bread (Billerb. III 719–33) Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4; Hb 9:2.—S. πρόθεσις.

ⓒ of the bread of the eucharist, which likew. was broken after giving thanks, and then eaten (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 33, 25) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; perh. Ac 2:42, 46; 20:7; 1 Cor 10:16f (the acc. τὸν ἄρτον vs. 16 is by attraction to the rel. ὅν; cp. Gen 31:16); 11:23, 26ff; D 14:1; IEph 20:2; AcPl Ha 4, 4 (s. κλάω, κατακλάω, εὐχαριστέω 2, εὐχαριστία 3 and Aberciusins. 16.—Diog. L. 8, 35: acc. to Pythagoras the εἷς ἄρτος [1 Cor 10:17] has served as a symbol of the union of the φίλοι from time immemorial to the present. Partaking of the same bread and wine [τ. αὐτὸν ἄρτον, οἶνον] as proof of the most intimate communion: Theodor. Prodr. 8, 400ff H.; Herodas 4, 93f: in the temple of Asclepius those who offer a sacrifice—in this case women—receive consecrated bread called ὑγιίη [ὑγίεια] to eat; Athen. 3, 115a ὑγίεια καλεῖται ἡ διδομένη ἐν ταῖς θυσίαις μᾶζα ἵνα ἀπογεύσωνται=the barley-cake that is given everyone to taste at the sacrifices is called Health; Anecd. Gr. 313, 13).—PdeBoer, Divine Bread, Studies in the Rel. of Anc. Israel, ’72, 27–36. S. καλάσις 2.

② any kind of food or nourishment, food gener. (since bread is the most important food; cp. לֶחֶם e.g. Is 65:25; Am 8:11; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]) περισσεύεσθαι ἄρτων have more than enough bread, i.e. plenty to eat Lk 15:17 (cp. Pr 20:13). διαθρύπτειν πεινῶσι τὸν ἄ. break bread for the hungry, i.e. give them someth. to eat B 3:3, cp. 5 (Is 58:7, 10). Hence ἄ. ἐσθίειν eat, dine, eat a meal (Gen 37:25; 2 Km 12:20; Eccl 9:7; Orig., C. Cels 7, 28, 43; cp. Did., Gen. 190, 12) Mt 15:2; Mk 3:20; 7:2, 5; Lk 14:1. δωρεὰν ἄ. φαγεῖν παρά τινος eat someone’s bread without paying 2 Th 3:8. Opp. τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον ἐσθίειν vs. 12. Of an ascetic way of life μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον neither eating bread nor drinking wine, i.e. fasting Lk 7:33 (cp. 1 Esdr 9:2). On ἄ. ἐπιούσιος Mt 6:11; Lk 11:3; D 8:2 s. ἐπιούσιος.—τρώγειν τινὸς τὸν ἄ. be the guest of someone J 13:18 (cp. Ps 40:10). Since according to a concept widespread among Israelites and gentiles, eternal bliss was to be enjoyed in the form of a banquet, φαγεῖν ἄ. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ=share eternal bliss, or salvation Lk 14:15.—In J ἄ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ (after Ps 77:24; cp. Ex 16:4; 2 Esdr 19:15; Ps 104:40; Wsd 16:20; SibOr Fgm. 3, 49) is Christ and his body in the Eucharist J 6:31ff, 41, 50, 58 or simply Christ himself. For this ἄ. τῆς ζωῆς (JosAs 8:5; 15:4) vs. 35, 48; ὁ ἄ. ὁ ζῶν vs. 51. Sim. ἄ. τ. θεοῦ IEph 5:2; IRo 7:3; ἄ. τ. Χριστοῦ 4:1.—BGärtner, J 6 and the Jewish Passover: ConNeot 17, ’59; GVermes, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 256–63.

③ means of support, support, livelihood τὸν ἄ. λαμβάνειν take his bread (i.e. support) D 11:6 (difft. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 68, 20: ‘take bread [from someone’s hand]’).

④ reward for labor, reward, proceeds λαμβάνειν τὸν ἄ. τοῦ ἔργου receive the reward of (one’s) labor 1 Cl 34:1.—EBattaglia, ‘Artos’, il lessico della panificazione nei paperi greci ’89.—B. 357. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW.