verba+proferre

mĕdĭus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. madhya, the same; Gr. mesos; Angl. - Sax. midd; Germ. Mitte; cf. dimidius, meridies (medi-), etc.], that is in the middle or midst, mid, middle (class.).

Adj.

Lit.:

terra complexa medium mundi locum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. id. ib. 6, 17, 17:

medium mundi locum petere,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

versus aeque prima, et media, et extrema pars attenditur,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 192:

ultimum, proximum, medium tempus,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

in foro medio,

in the midst of the forum, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 6; cf.:

medio foro,

in the open forum, Suet. Claud. 18 al.:

in solio medius consedit,

sat in the middle, Ov. F. 3, 359; Verg. A. 7, 169:

considit scopulo medius,

id. G. 4, 436:

concilio medius sedebat,

Ov. M. 10, 144:

ignes,

Verg. A. 12, 201:

medio tempore,

in the meantime, meanwhile, Suet. Caes. 76: vinum novum, vetus, medium, i. e. neither old nor new, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 31, 14:

cum plenus fluctu medius foret alveus,

full to the middle, Juv. 12, 30.—With dat.:

Peloponnesii Megaram, mediam Corintho Athenisque urbem, condidere,

midway between Corinth and Athens, Vell. 1, 2, 4.—With abl.:

si medius Polluce et Castore ponar,

between, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 13.—With inter:

cum inter bellum et pacem medium nihil sit,

there is no medium, no middle course between, Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 4:

inter quos numeros duo medii inveniuntur (sc. numeri),

Mart. Cap. 7, § 737.—With gen.:

locus medius regionum earum,

half-way between, Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

locus medius juguli summique lacerti,

between, Ov. M. 6, 409; 5, 564:

et medius juvenum ibat,

id. F. 5, 67:

medius silentūm,

Stat. Th. 4, 683.—With ex:

medius ex tribus,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

medium arripere aliquem,

to seize one by the middle, around the body, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

juvenem medium complectitur,

Liv. 23, 9, 9:

Alcides medium tenuit,

held him fast by the middle, Luc. 4, 652:

medium ostendere unguem,

to point with the middle finger, Juv. 10, 53.—

Transf., half (ante- and postclass.):

hieme demunt cibum medium,

half their food, Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 9:

scrupulum croci,

Pall. Jan. 18: aurum... Italicis totum, medium provincialibus reddidit, Capitol. Anton. Pius, 4 fin. —

Trop., of the middle, not very great or small, middling, medial, moderate.

Of age:

aetatis mediae vir,

of middle age, Phaedr. 2, 2, 3.—

Of plans, purposes, etc.:

nihil medium, nec spem nec curam, sed immensa omnia volventes animo,

Liv. 2, 49, 5:

medium quiddam tenere,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 9.—

Of intellect:

eloquentiā medius,

middling, tolerable, Vell. 2, 29, 2:

ingenium,

moderate, Tac. H. 1, 49.—

Undetermined, undecided:

medios esse,

i. e. neutral, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4:

medium se gerere,

Liv. 2, 27:

se dubium mediumque partibus praestitit,

Vell. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

responsum,

indefinite, ambiguous, Liv. 39, 39: vocabula, that can be taken in a good or bad sense, ambiguous, Gell. 12, 9, 1. —

Indifferent, not imperative: officium, a duty which is not distinctly enjoined by the moral law, but is sustained by preponderant reasoning:

medium officium id esse dicunt (Graeci) quod cur factum sit, ratio probabilis reddi possit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 8; cf.:

ex quo intellegitur, officium medium quiddam esse, quod neque in bonis ponatur neque in contrariis,

id. Fin. 3, 17, 58; cf.

sqq. and Madv. ad loc.: artes,

which in themselves are neither good nor bad, indifferent, Quint. 2, 20, 1.—

Intermediate:

medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor,

of a middle kind, resembling each in some degree, Liv. 1, 32, 4:

nihil habet ista res (actoris) medium, sed aut lacrimas meretur aut risum,

Quint. 6, 1, 45:

ille jam paene medius adfectus est ex amoribus et desideriis amicorum,

Quint. 6, 2, 17.—Hence, as subst.: mĕdĭus, i, m., one who stands or comes between, a mediator:

medium sese offert,

as a mediator, Verg. A. 7, 536:

pacator mediusque Syphax,

Sil. 16, 222:

pacis eras mediusque belli,

arbiter, Hor. C. 2, 19, 28; cf.:

nunc mediis subeant irrita verba deis,

oaths in which the gods were called upon to be mediators, Ov. R. Am. 678.—

Central, with ex or in:

ex factione media consul,

fully committed to it, Sall. H. 3, 61, 8;

so (nearly = intimus), viros fortīs et magnanimos eosdem bonos et simplicīs... esse volumus: quae sunt ex media laude justititiae,

these qualities are clearly among those which make uprightness praiseworthy, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63:

partitiones oratoriae, quae e media illa nostra Academia effloruerunt,

id. Part. Or. 40, 139:

ingressio e media philosophia repetita est,

id. Or. 3, 11; id. Leg. 2, 21, 53:

in medio maerore et dolore,

id. Tusc. 4, 29, 63; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 1:

in media dimicatione,

the hottest of the fight, Suet. Aug. 10; cf.:

in medio ardore certaminis,

Curt. 8, 4, 27:

in media solitudine,

the most profound, Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 2:

in mediis divitiis,

in abundant wealth, id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1:

in medio robore virium,

Liv. 28, 35, 6:

in medio ardore belli,

id. 24, 45, 4:

in media reipublicae luce,

the full blaze of public life, Quint. 1, 2, 18:

media inter pocula,

Juv. 8, 217.—Hence,

Subst.: mĕdĭum, ii, n., the middle, midst.

Lit.

Of space (very rare in Cic.):

in medio aedium sedens,

Liv. 1, 57, 9:

maris,

id. 31, 45, 11; for which, without in, medio aedium eburneis sellis sedere, id. 5, 41, 2:

medio viae ponere,

id. 37, 13, 10:

in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis, saepe in medio adesse,

Sall. J. 45, 2; for which, without in, medio sextam legionem constituit, Tac. A. 13, 38:

medio montium porrigitur planities,

id. ib. 1, 64:

medio stans hostia ad aras,

Verg. G. 3, 486:

medio tutissimus ibis,

Ov. M. 2, 137:

in medium geminos immani pondere caestus Projecit,

Verg. A. 5, 401:

in medium sarcinas coniciunt,

Liv. 10, 36, 1; 13:

equitatus consulem in medium acceptum, armis protegens, in castra reduxit,

id. 21, 46, 9.— Trop.:

tamquam arbiter honorarius medium ferire voluisse,

to cut through the middle, Cic. Fat. 17, 39:

intacta invidiā media sunt, ad summa ferme tendit,

Liv. 45, 35.—

Of time:

diei,

Liv. 27, 48:

medio temporis,

in the meantime, meanwhile, Tac. A. 13, 28; cf.:

nec longum in medio tempus, cum,

the interval, Verg. A. 9, 395; Ov. M. 4, 167; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13.—

Transf.

The midst of all, the presence of all, the public, the community (class.):

in medio omnibus palma est posita, qui artem tractant musicam,

lies open to all, Ter. Phorm. prol. 16:

tabulae sunt in medio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104:

rem totam in medio ponere,

publicly, id. ib. 2, 1, 11, §

29: ponam in medio sententias philosophorum,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

dicendi ratio in medio posita,

lies open to all, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

rem in medium proferre,

to publish, make known, id. Fam. 15, 27, 6: vocare in medium, before the public, before a public tribunal:

rem in medium vocare coeperunt,

id. Clu. 28, 77:

in medio relinquere,

to leave it to the public, leave it undecided, id. Cael. 20, 48; Sall. C. 19, 16: pellere e medio, to expel, reject, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 272 Vahl.); Cic. Off. 3, 8, 37:

cum jacentia verba sustulimus e medio,

adopt words from the people, common words, id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.: munda sed e medio consuetaque verba puellae Scribite, Ov. A. A. 3, 479: tollere de medio, to do away with, abolish:

litteras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 176: tollere de medio, to put out of the way, cut off, destroy:

hominem,

id. Rosc. Am. 7, 20:

de medio removere,

to put out of sight, id. ib. 8, 23: e medio excedere or abire, to leave the world, to die:

e medio excessit,

she is dead, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 74:

ea mortem obiit, e medio abiit,

id. ib. 5, 8, 30:

tollite lumen e medio,

Juv. 9, 106: recedere de medio, to go away, retire, withdraw:

cur te mihi offers? recede de medio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112:

in medio esse,

to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 32:

in medium venire or procedere,

to appear, come forward, show one's self in public, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 175: in medium, before the public, for the public, for the community:

communes utilitates in medium afferre,

id. Off. 1, 7, 22:

consulere in medium,

to care for the public good, for the good of all, Verg. A. 11, 335;

so opp. separantem suas res a publicis,

Liv. 24, 22, 14 sq.; 26, 12, 7:

quaerere,

to make acquisitions for the use of all, Verg. G. 1, 127: cedere, to fall or devolve to the community, Tac. H. 4, 64:

conferre laudem,

i. e. so that all may have a share of it, Liv. 6, 6:

dare,

to communicate for the use of all, Ov. M. 15, 66:

in medium conferre, in gaming,

to put down, put in the pool, Suet. Aug. 71: in medio, for sub dio, in the open air:

scorpios fugari posse, si aliqui ex eis urantur in medio,

Pall. 1, 35, 12.—

A half (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

scillae medium conterunt cum aqua,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7:

scrobem ad medium completo,

Col. Arb. 4, 5.—Hence,

Adv.: mĕdĭē, in the middle, in a middling degree, moderately, tolerably (except once in Tac. only post-class.):

qui noluerant medie,

kept quiet, remained neutral, Tac. H. 1, 19:

nec plane optimi, nec oppido deterrimi sunt, sed quasi medie morati,

App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 22, 23; Eutr. 7, 13; Lact. 6, 15 fin.:

ortus medie humilis,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 20.—

Indefinitely, Ambros. in Luc. 8, 17, 34.

* * *

* * *

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

arcānus, a, um, adj. [v. arceo], orig., shut up, closed; hence, trop.,

That keeps a secret, trusty:

dixisti arcano satis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 155:

petiit, ut aliquem ex arcanis mitteret,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 178.— Hence, poet., of the night: omina arcanā nocte petita, in silent night, or night that keeps secrets, Ov. H. 9, 40; Stat. S. 1, 3, 71.—

Hidden, concealed, secret, private (class., although very rare in Cic.):

at quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur, quīcum arcana, quīcum occulta omnia,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 18; so Hor. C. 3, 21, 15:

secretae et arcanae opes,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

fontis arcani aqua,

Tac. A. 2, 54:

libidines,

Suet. Tib. 43 al.:

littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 516:

sensus,

Verg. A. 4, 422 al. —

Esp., in the lang. of religion, of things sacred and incommunicable: ARCANA VRBIS PRAESIDIA,

Inscr. Orell. 2494: audivit arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui, Vulg. 2 Cor. 12, 4;

and of secret, mysterious usages: sacra,

Ov. M. 10, 436:

arcana cum fiunt sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; so Stat. S. 3, 4, 92; Sil. 2, 427; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 402; and by poet. license transf. to the deity presiding over such mysteries:

qui Cereris sacrum Volgavit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 27.—Hence, subst.: arcānum, i, n., a secret.

In gen.:

nox arcanis fidissima,

Ov. M. 7, 192:

arcani Fides prodiga,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 16:

si quid umquam arcani sanctive ad silendum in curiā fuerit,

Liv. 23, 22, 9:

arcana regum,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

revelare arcana,

Vulg. Prov. 11, 13:

denudare arcana amici,

ib. Eccli. 27, 17.—

Spec., a sacred secret, a mystery:

fatorum arcana,

Ov. M. 2, 639; so Verg. A. 7, 123:

Pythagorae arcana,

Hor. Epod. 15, 21; cf.:

Jovis arcana,

the secret decrees of, id. C. 1, 28, 9:

deorum arcanum proferre,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5: arcana quaedam, secret rites (of the diviners), Vulg. Exod. 7, 11:

violabunt arcanum meum,

my secret place, sanctuary, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 22 et saep.— Adv.: arcā-nō (cf. Charis. pp. 173 and 179 P.), in secret, privately:

arcano tibi ego hoc dico,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 117:

hunc (librum) lege arcano convivis tuis,

Cic. Att. 16, 3 (cf. Charis. l. c.):

arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

* Comp.:

arcanius judicare aliquid de aliquā re,

Col. 3, 2 fin.—Sup. not used.

Arcānus, a, um, adj. [Arcae], of or pertaining to Arcœ hence, subst.

Arcāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Arcœ, Inscr. Orell. 4007.—

Arcānum, i, n., a villa of Q. Cicero, in the neighborhood of Arcœ, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1 al.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

impendo ( inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

Lit.:

accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35:

non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.:

nummos in navem,

Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9:

pecuniam in opsonio, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.:

HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47:

nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

certus sumptus impenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52, §

121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor?

Liv. 6, 15, 9:

quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili,

lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.—

Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply:

impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus,

Vell. 2, 89:

vitam usui alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 65:

vitam patriae,

Luc. 2, 382:

vitam famae,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 63:

biennium libris componendis,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98:

tota volumina in hanc disputationem,

Quint. 3, 6, 21:

vim suam in plura,

id. 1, 12, 2:

operam, curam in aliquid,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

nihil sanguinis in socios,

Ov. M. 13, 266:

quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 124:

hunc oculum pro vobis impendi,

Petr. 1:

quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis,

id. 12, 11, 19; cf.:

tantum laboris studiis,

id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3:

aliquem exemplo,

to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33:

verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero,

Juv. 4, 91.—Hence,

impensus ( inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.

Lit.:

impenso pretio,

i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.:

impenso,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.—

Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive:

in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

voluntas erga aliquem,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

libido,

Lucr. 5, 964:

studium,

Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.:

opera,

Gell. 9, 14, 6.— Comp.:

impensior cura,

Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31:

verbis laudare,

Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1:

injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare,

Gell. 20, 1, 32:

vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior,

larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26:

nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu'st,

more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.— Sup.:

preces,

Suet. Tib. 13.—Hence, adv.: im-pensē ( inp-).

At great cost, expensively:

impensius unge, puer, caules,

Pers. 6, 68:

bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit,

Suet. Dom. 20. —

Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).

With verbs:

illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.:

aliquid impense cupere,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

retinere,

Liv. 40, 35, 7:

petere,

Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11:

demirari,

Gell. 9, 9, 15:

atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem),

id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).— Comp.:

eo facio id impensius, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

agere gratias,

Liv. 37, 56, 10:

consulere,

Verg. A. 12, 20:

venerari numina,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

instare,

id. ib. 7, 323:

crescere his dignitas, si, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

accendi certamina in castris,

id. 4, 46, 2.—

With adjj.:

impense improbus,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

impense doctus,

Gell. 13, 10, 4.—

impensa ( inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).

Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.):

impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8:

quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

nullam impensam fecerant,

id. Phil. 6, 5, 19:

arationes magna impensa tueri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53:

columnae nulla impensa dejectae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 55, §

145: sine impensa,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

exigua,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

publica,

id. Claud. 6:

matris ac vitrici,

id. Tib. 7:

sua,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42:

nostra,

Ov. H. 7, 188:

quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat,

Liv. 44, 23, 1:

haec nimia est inpensa,

Juv. 12, 97:

finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma,

id. 7, 138:

parcere impensae,

to economize, id. 5, 156.—In plur.:

atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

ludorum ac munerum,

Suet. Tib. 34:

operum ac munerum,

id. Dom. 12:

itineris,

id. Vit. 7:

cenarum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38:

publicae,

Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam,

i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

inpensas conferre,

to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216. —

Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

cruoris,

Ov. M. 8, 63:

operum,

Verg. A. 11, 228:

officiorum,

Liv. 37, 53, 12. —

In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124;

of the stuffing for sausages, etc.,

Arn. 7, 231;

of sacrifices,

Petr. 137;

of masonry,

Pall. 1, 13.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

possum, pŏtŭi, posse, v. n. irreg. (old forms, potis sum, for possum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 26; id. Curc. 5, 3, 23; so,

potis est,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 41:

potis sunt, for possunt,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 17: POTISIT, S. C. de Bacchan.: potisset, for posset, and potisse, for posse, Lucil. ap. Non. 484, 32, and 445, 29:

potesse, for posse, very freq.,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 30; id. Cist. 1, 1, 32; id. Truc. 1, 1, 73; id. Ep. 2, 2, 43; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 30 al.; Lucr. 1, 665; 2, 225; 1010:

possiem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 2; id. Stich. 3, 2, 25:

potis sis,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 53:

potis siem,

id. Merc. 2, 2, 59: possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin., or Sat. v. 38 Vahl.; Plaut. As. 4, 2, 10; id. Aul. 4, 10, 17; id. Most. 2, 2, 34; 3, 2, 147; id. Men. 5, 9, 45:

possiet,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 37; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 3; id. Most. 1, 1, 13 al.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Mil. 884; Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 45 sq.—In pass.: potestur, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 380 P. (Ann. [p. 1404] v. 594 Vahl.): Pac. ap. Non. 508, 29; Quadrig. ap. id. 508, 30; Lucr. 3, 1010: poteratur, Cael. ap. Non. 508, 27: possitur, Lex. Servil. p. 59 Haubold; Scaurus ap. Diom. p. 381 P.: possetur, Quadrig. ap. Non. 508, 18) [potis-sum].

In gen., to be able, have power; I ( thou, he, etc.) can (syn. queo):

quantum valeam, quantumque possim,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

consilio, quantum potero, labore plus paene quam potero exeubabo,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

ut, quoad possem et liceret, a senis latere nunquam discederem,

id. Lael. 1, 1:

timor igitur ab iis aegritudinem potuit repellere, ratio non poterit?

id. Tuse. 3, 27, 66.—With sup.:

Caesari te commendavi et tradidi, ut gravissime diligentissimeque potui,

as earnestly and warmly as I possibly could, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2: potest fieri, it may be, is possible:

potest fieri, ut fallar,

id. ib. 13, 73, 2: non possum quin, I can not but: non possum quin exclamem, ut ait ille in Trinummo (Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 79; cf. id. Mil. 2, 2, 107); Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 39:

ut nihil ad te dem litterarum, facere non possum,

I cannot help writing to you, id. Att. 8, 14, 1:

facere non potui quin tibi sententiam declararem meam,

id. Fam. 6, 13, 1; cf.:

non possum non: aequitatem tuam non potui non probare,

id. ib. 1, 9, 26:

non possum te non accusare,

id. ib. 5, 14, 2:

is non potest eam (mortem) non timere,

id. Fin. 3, 8, 29.— Absol.: potest (sc. fieri), it may be, is possible:

potest, ut alii ita arbitrentur,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 38: non, non sic futurum est;

non potest,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 73; Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 100 Brix; cf. id. Trin. 3, 3, 3:

quae (mala) si potest singula consolando levare, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

nos dignitatem, ut potest, retinebimus,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 4.—Quantum or ut potest, as much or as far as possible:

ibo atque arcessam medicum, quantum potest,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2; id. Most. 3, 2, 71; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 20:

nos in senatu dignitatem nostram, ut potest in tantā hominum perfidiā, retinebimus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4.—In urgent questions:

possum scire, quo profectus, cujus sis, aut quid veneris?

may I know? can I learn? pray, will you tell me? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 190:

possumne ego hodie ex te exsculpere Verum?

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 44.—

In partic.

To be able, to have influence or efficacy, to avail.

With neutr. acc. used adverbially (class.; cf.

polleo): vocat me, quae in me plus potest,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 42:

plus potest qui plus valet,

id. ib. 4, 3, 38:

qui tum et poterant per vim et scelus plurimum, et quod poterant, id audebant,

Cic. Quint. 21, 69:

quid ergo? hoc pueri possunt, viri non poterunt?

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:

qui apud me et amicitiā, et beneficiis, et dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plus aliquanto apud te pecuniae cupiditas, quam judicii metus potuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131; id. de Or. 2, 42, 180:

quid aristolochia ad morsus serpentum possit,

id. Div. 1, 10, 16:

quoniam multum potest provisio animi ad minuendum dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 14, 30:

ad beate vivendum satis posse virtutem,

id. ib. 5, 5, 12: multum posse ad salutem alterius... parum potuisse ad exitium, Cic. Opp. ap. Amm. 30, 8, 7.—

In gen., and without neutr. acc. (late Lat.):

posse litteras ejus ad perniciem, non posse ad salutem,

App. Mag. 79, p. 324.—

Posse aliquem, to be able to embrace one ( poet.), Mart. 3, 32.—

Posse as subst. ( poet.):

posse loqui,

the power of speech, Ov. M. 2, 483:

posse moveri = facultatem se movendi,

id. ib. 11, 177.—

Freq. in elliptical sentences:

quod vi non poterant, fraude assequi temptant,

Curt. 5, 10, 8:

Ismenias, etsi publicis non poterat, privatis tamen viribus adjuvabat,

Just. 5, 9, 8:

ut auxilium quod misericordiā non poterat, jure cognationis obtineret,

id. 28, 1, 9:

ut collegam vi, si aliter non possent, de foro abducerent,

Liv. 2, 56.—

In apodosis of conditional sentences, analogous to the auxiliaries of the Engl. potential mood (v. Roby, § 1520; Zumpt, § 519).

Indic.:

ille potuit exspectatior venire, qui te nuntiaret mortuom (= si quis nuntiaret, etc.),

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 12:

nec vero ipsam amicitiam tueri possumus, nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

Pompeius munitiones Caesaris prohibere non poterat, nisi praelio decertare vellet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44: consul esse qui potui, nisi eum vitae cursum tenuissem, Cic. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

(res publica) poterat esse perpetua, si patriis viveretur institutis,

id. ib. 3, 29, 41:

deleri totus exercitus potuit, si fugientis persecuti victores essent,

Liv. 32, 12, 6:

nisi felicitas in socordiam vertisset exuere jugum potuerunt,

Tac. Agr. 31.—

Subj.:

qui denique ex bestiis fructus, nisi homines adjuvarent, percipi posset,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

ventum quidem erat eo, ut, si hostem similem antiquis Macedonum regibus habuisset consul, magna clades accipi potuerit,

Liv. 44, 4, 9.—So when the condition is implied, or is contained in an adverbial clause:

quae res egestati et aeri alieno tuo praeter mortem Caesaris subvenire potuisset?

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 36:

quis opifex praeter naturam... tantam sollertiam persequi potuisset in sensibus?

id. N. D. 2, 57, 142; id. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

plurima proferre possemus, sed modus adhibendus est,

Nep. Epam. 4, 6:

possem hic Ciceronis respondere verbis, sed, etc.,

Quint. 2, 21, 14.—Hence, pŏtens, entis ( gen. plur. potentum, Verg. A. 12, 519; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 114), P. a.

In gen., able, mighty, powerful, potent (class.):

amplae atque potentes civitates,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169:

familiae clarae ac potentes,

Liv. 23, 4:

amici magni et potentes,

Suet. Aug. 56:

ne quis ex plebe contra potentiorem auxilii egeret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 10:

duo potentissimi reges,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4:

potentissimus et clarissimus civis,

id. Planc. 21, 51.—

With gen.:

quanta sit humani ingenii vis, quam potens efficiendi quae velit,

Quint. 12, 11, 10.—

With abl.:

Roma potens opibus,

Ov. F. 4, 255:

pecuniā et orbitate,

Tac. H. 1, 73.—

With inf.:

compensare potens,

Dig. 16, 2, 10.—

In partic.

Having power over, ruling over, master of a thing; with gen.:

dum liber, dum mei potens sum,

as long as I am my own master, Liv. 26, 13, 14:

sanus mentisque potens,

in his right mind, Ov. Tr. 2, 139:

potens mei non eram,

Curt. 4, 13, 23:

potentes rerum suarum atque urbis,

having made themselves masters of, Liv. 23, 16, 6; so, facere aliquem potentem alicujus rei, to make one master of any thing, to give one the power over a thing:

consilii,

id. 8, 13, 14:

imperii,

id. 22, 42, 12: diva potens Cypri, that reigns over Cyprus, i.e. Venus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 1:

Naïadum potens (Bacchus),

id. ib. 3, 25, 14:

silvarum potens Diana,

id. C. S. 1:

diva potens uteri,

i.e. Lucina, Ov. M. 9, 315:

rerum omnium potens Juppiter,

Tac. H. 4, 84:

lyrae Musa potens,

that presides over lyric poetry, Hor. C. 1, 6, 10:

irae,

master of his anger, Curt. 4, 2, 5:

mariti,

ruling her husband, Tac. A. 14, 60:

animal potens leti,

that can kill, deadly, Luc. 6, 485; cf. id. 5, 199 Corte ad loc.—

Fit for, capable of any thing; with gen.:

potens regni,

Liv. 24, 2: hostes neque pugnae, neque fugae satis potentes caeduntur, unable either to fight or flee, id. 8, 39.—

Partaking of, having attained a thing; with gen. ( poet.):

pacis potentes,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 9:

voti,

Ov. M. 8, 80:

jussi,

having fulfilled the command, id. ib. 4, 509.—

Strong, mighty, powerful, efficacious, potent (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fortuna in res bellicas potens,

Liv. 9, 17:

herba potens ad opem,

Ov. H. 5, 147:

verba,

id. Am. 3, 11, 31:

herba potens adversus ranas,

Plin. 25, 10, 81, § 130:

passum ex uvis contra haemorrhoida potens,

id. 23, 1, 12, § 15.— Comp.:

nihil esse potentius auro,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 29:

quaedam ad efficiendum potentiora,

Quint. 6, 1, 26.— Sup.:

potentissimae cantharides,

Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 94:

argumenta,

Quint. 6, 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: pŏtenter, strongly, mightily, powerfully, effectually ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

se ipsam potenter atque efficaciter defendere,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 1:

dicere,

Quint. 12, 10, 72. — Comp.:

aurum... perrumpere amat saxa potentius Ictu fulmineo,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 9; Quint. 6, 4, 18.—

According to one's ability or powers ( poet.):

lecta potenter res,

Hor. A. P. 40.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.