materials

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agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

aggere paludem explere,

id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

longius erat agger petendus,

id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

superjecto aggere terreno,

Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

implere cavernas aggere,

Curt. 8, 10, 27:

fossas aggere complent,

Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,

Esp.

The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

agger armorum,

Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

aggeres Alpini,

Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

Thessalici aggeres,

i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

ab alto aggere,

Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

Luc. 5, 674:

consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

mons aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105).—

In milit. lang.

A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

id. Phil. 10, 9:

celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

jacere,

to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

aggerem exstruere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

instruere,

id. ib. 8, 41:

promovere ad urbem,

to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—

The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—

The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

Luc. 5, 317:

vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—

A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

Verg. A. 5, 273:

Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

Rutil. Itiner. 39:

aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

ălĭēnĭgĕna, ae, m. (also, ălĭēnĭgĕ-nus, a, um, adj.; cf. Prisc. p. 677 P., and advena) [alienus-gigno], born in a foreign land; hence,

In gen., foreign, alien; and subst., a stranger, a foreigner, an alien.

Of persons (very freq. in Cic., esp. in his orations):

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3:

alienigenae hostes,

id. Cat. 4, 10; cf. Liv. 26, 13:

testes,

Cic. Font. 10:

dii,

id. Leg. 2, 10:

mulieres,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 1.— Subst.:

quid alienigenae de vobis loqui soleant,

Cic. Fl. 27:

si ipse alienigena summi imperii potiretur,

Nep. Eum. 7, 1; Curt. 5, 11; 6, 3; Vulg. Lev. 22, 10; ib. Luc. 17, 18.—

Of things:

vino alienigenā utere,

Gell. 2, 24; and with the adj. form: ălĭēnĭgĕnus, a, um:

pisces alienigeni,

Col. 8, 16, 9:

fetus,

id. 8, 5, 10:

semina,

id. 3, 4, 1:

ALIENIGENVM CORPVS,

Inscr. Orell. 5048:

ne alienigenae justitiae obliti videamur,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 1 ext.:

exempla,

id. 1, 5, 1 ext.:

studia,

id. 2, 1 fin.:

sanguis,

id. 6, 2, 1 ext.:

conversationis,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 13.—

In Lucr., produced from different materials, heterogeneous:

scire licet nobis venas et sanguen et ossa [et nervos alienigenis ex partibus esse],

Lucr. 1, 860; 1, 865; 1, 869; 1, 874; 5, 880.

ălĭēnĭtas, ātis, f. [alienus]. In medic. lang.,

The causes or materials of disease in the human system, which are extraneous to it:

auferre alienitatem,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 4:

alienitatis obtrusio,

id. ib. 5, 64:

manens alienitas,

id. Acut. 3, 20.—

For alienatio (q. v. B.):

mentis,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 39.

arbī̆trĭum (in good MSS. and inscrr. sometimes arbī̆tērĭum), ii, n. [from arbiter, as adulterium from adulter].

In gen., a coming near, a being present, presence; hence meton. for persons present (only in post-Aug. poets): locus ab omni liber arbitrio. Sen. Hippol. 602, and id. Herc. Oet. 485: divina rerum cura sine arbitrio est, Auct. Aetnae, 195.—

Esp.

1.. The judgment, decision of an arbitrator (cf. arbiter, II.: arbitrium dicitur sententia, quae ab arbitro statuitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.):

aliud est judicium, aliud arbitrium. Judicium est pecuniae certae: arbitrium incertae,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 4:

Q. Scaevola summam vim dicebat esse in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur ex fide bonā,

id. Off. 3, 17, 70; so,

arbitrium rei uxoriae,

id. ib. 3, 15; id. Top. 17, 66; cf. Dig. 24, 3, 66 fin.; 46, 3, 82 fin.; Cic. Rosc. Com. 9:

arbitrium pro socio condemnari solerent,

id. Quinct. 4, 13 B. and K. (here some consider arbitrium as a gloss, others read arbitrio, ad arbitrium, ad arbitrum, and the like; v. Orell. ad h. l.).—

Transf. from the sphere of judic. proceedings, judgment, opinion, decision:

arbitrium vestrum, vestra existimatio Valebit,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 25:

cum de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 21:

de aliquo arbitria agere,

Liv. 24, 45:

arbitria belli pacisque agere,

id. 44, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 60:

agere arbitria victoriae,

Curt. 6, 1 fin.; cf. Gron. Observ. 4, c. 11, p. 427, and Liv. 31, 11; 32, 37.— Trop.:

res ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctae,

matters, in which nothing is decided according to mere opinion, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108:

si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi,

Hor. A. P. 72; Sen. Clem. 2, 7:

arbitrio consilioque uti auris,

to determine by the ear, Gell. 13, 20, 3.—

Mastery, dominion, authority, power, will, free-will:

dedunt se In ditionem atque in arbitrium cuncti Thebano poplo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103 (Fleck., arbitratum): esse in pectore nostro quiddam, Cujus ad arbitrium quoque copia materiaiï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus, and at whose bidding the accumulated materials must yield obedience in every joint and limb, * Lucr. 2, 281:

cujus (Jovis) nutu et arbitrio caelum, terra mariaque reguntur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

ad alicujus arbitrium et nutum totum se fingere et adcommodare,

id. Or. 8, 24; id. Verr. 1, 10, 30; 2, 5, 63 fin.; so Vulg. Lev. 13, 3; 13, 44:

aliquid facere arbitrio suo,

Cic. Phil. 6, 2:

Mentes ad suum arbitrium movere,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; so id. Par. 5, 1 fin.:

quam (pecuniam) sponte et arbitrio cordis sui inferunt,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 12, 4:

vixit ad aliorum arbitrium, non ad suum,

Cic. Mur. 9; so Hor. C. 3, 6, 40; 3, 2, 20; Tac. H. 1, 46; Suet. Caes. 9; 20; id. Aug. 28; id. Tit. 8; id. Galb. 14:

in arbitrium vestrum diem constituistis ei,

Vulg. Judith, 8, 13:

orationem tibi misi: ejus custodiendae et proferendae arbitrium tuum,

Cic. Att. 15, 13:

munificentiam eorum in se ipsorum arbitrii debere esse,

Liv. 37, 52:

in arbitrio viri erit, ut faciat sive non faciat,

Vulg. Num. 30, 14:

tamquam congruere operationem eam serpentium humani sit arbitrī,

Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 53; Suet. Tib. 18; id. Claud. 2: mox rei Romanae arbitrium (i. e. imperium, dominion, power) tribus ferme et viginti (annis) obtinuit, Tac. A. 6, 51; so,

arbitrium orbis terrarum,

Suet. Caes. 7; Nep. Con. 4, 1:

huic deus optandi gratum, sed inutile fecit Muneris arbitrium,

Ov. M. 11, 101:

liberum mortis arbitrium,

Suet. Dom. 8; 11; cf. Tac. A. 15, 60.—

Arbitria funeris, the expenses of a funeral (fixed by an arbiter), Cic. Dom. 37; id. Pis. 9 fin.; id. Red. in Sen. 7; cf. Dig. 11, 7, 12, § 6.

caelo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. caelum].

Lit., answering to the Gr. toreuô, to engrave in relief upon metals (esp. silver) or wory, to make raised work, to carve, engrave; later also, to cast (cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. § 311 sq.; and v. Quint. 2, 21, 8, s. v. caelatura; Fest. s. v. ancaesa, p. 17; Isid. Orig. 13, 4, 1; 19, 7, 4; 20, 4, 7)' ab initio sic opus ducere, ut caelandum, non ex integro fabricandum sit, Quint. 10, 3, 18:

hanc speciem Praxiteles caelavit argento,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

galeas aere Corinthio,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

caelata in auro Fortia facta patrum,

Verg. A. 1, 640:

clipeo quoque flumina septem Argento partim, partim caelaverat auro,

Ov. M. 5, 189; cf. id. ib. 2, 6; 13, 684: scuta auro, argento, Liv 9, 40, 2;

7, 10, 7: vasa magnifica et pretiose caelata,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 116:

vasa caelata,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 45; Liv. 34, 52, 5; 23, 24, 12;

centauros in scyphis,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156: libidines in poculis, id. prooem. § 4 al.;

Liv 23, 24, 12: caelatum aurum et argentum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; id. Or. 70, 232; id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; 2, 4, 23, § 52; id. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

caelata metus alios arma,

Val. Fl. 1, 402:

Phorcys caelatus Gorgone parmam,

Sil. 10, 175.—

To carve or engrave on other materials (cf. caelatura, I. B.);

upon wood: pocula ponam Fagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis,

Verg. E. 3, 36;

in marble: caelavit Scopas pteron ab oriente,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 31; cf.:

(vitrum) argenti modo caelatur,

id. 36, 26, 66, § 193; Vitr. 7, 3, 4.—

Meton. of other works of art.

Of skilful weaving or embroidering:

velamina caelata multā arte,

Val. Fl. 5, 6.—

Of poetry: carmina compono, hio elegos. Mirabile visu Caelatumque novem musis (i. e. a novem musis) opus, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 92.—

Trop.:

quem modo caelatum stellis Delphina videbas, i. e. the constellation,

Ov. F. 2, 79.

cărăcalla, ae, and cărăcallis, is, f. [Celtic], a long tunic or great-coat, with a hood, worn by the Gauls, and made of different materials, Spart. Sev. 21; Edict. Diocl. p. 21; Hier. Ep. 64, n. 15 (in Mart. 1, 93, 8: Gallica palla).—From this garment, introduced by him, was named,

Masc., the emperor Antoninus Caracalla, Spart. l. l.; id. Car. 9; Aur. Vict. Caes. 21; id. Epit. 21; Aus. Caes. 9, 22.

cărăcalla, ae, and cărăcallis, is, f. [Celtic], a long tunic or great-coat, with a hood, worn by the Gauls, and made of different materials, Spart. Sev. 21; Edict. Diocl. p. 21; Hier. Ep. 64, n. 15 (in Mart. 1, 93, 8: Gallica palla).—From this garment, introduced by him, was named,

Masc., the emperor Antoninus Caracalla, Spart. l. l.; id. Car. 9; Aur. Vict. Caes. 21; id. Epit. 21; Aus. Caes. 9, 22.

compărātĭo ( conp-), ōnis, f. [1. comparo], a comparing, comparison (in good prose).

In gen.: comparationis duo sunt modi;

unus cum idemne sit an aliquid intersit quaeritur: alter, cum quid praestet aliud alii quaeritur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 29, 117; cf. id. ib. §

116: potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio, de duobus honestis utrum honestius,

id. Off. 1, 43, 152:

majorum, minorum, parium,

id. Top. 18, 71:

orationis suae cum scriptis alienis,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

rerum,

Quint. 2, 4, 24:

argumentorum,

id. 5, 13, 57:

in comparatione alicujus (post-Aug.): strata erant itinera vilioribus sarcinis, quas in conparatione meliorum avaritia contempserat,

Curt. 3, 11, 20 Vogel ad loc.; so,

ex conparatione regis novi, desiderium excitabatur amissi,

id. 10, 8, 9; cf. Lact. 7, 15, 7.—

Esp.

A trial of skill, contention:

in comparationem se demittere,

Suet. Rhet. 6.—

A relation, comparison:

cum solis et lunae et quinque errantium ad eandem inter se comparationem est facta conversio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 51.—

Translation of the Gr. analogia, Cic. Univ. 4 fin.; 5; 7.—

An agreement, contract (v. 1. comparo, II. B.):

provincia sine sorte, sine comparatione, extra ordinem data,

Liv. 6, 30, 3.—

Of animals, a coupling, pairing:

boum,

Col. 6, 2, 13.—

In rhet.:

criminis,

a defensive comparison of a crime with a good deed, on account of which the crime was committed, Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15; 2, 24, 72; Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24; 1, 15, 25.—

In gram.

A climax, Don. p. 1745 P.—

The comparative degree, Quint. 1, 5, 45.

compărātĭo, ōnis, f. [2. comparo].

A preparing, providing for, preparation, etc. (rare, but in good prose):

novi belli,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; cf.

pugnae, Auct. B. Afr. 35: veneni,

Liv. 42, 17, 6:

comparatio disciplinaque dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 76, 263:

novae amicitiae,

Sen. Ep. 9, 6.—

A procuring, gaining, acquiring:

testium,

Cic. Mur. 21, 44:

voluptatis,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 92:

criminis,

i. e. of all the materials for an accusation, id. Clu. 67, 191:

quibus ego ita credo, ut nihil de meā comparatione deminuam,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16.—Hence,

In late Lat., a purchasing, purchase, Dig. 5, 1, 52; 41, 3, 41.

compărātĭo ( conp-), ōnis, f. [1. comparo], a comparing, comparison (in good prose).

In gen.: comparationis duo sunt modi;

unus cum idemne sit an aliquid intersit quaeritur: alter, cum quid praestet aliud alii quaeritur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 29, 117; cf. id. ib. §

116: potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio, de duobus honestis utrum honestius,

id. Off. 1, 43, 152:

majorum, minorum, parium,

id. Top. 18, 71:

orationis suae cum scriptis alienis,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

rerum,

Quint. 2, 4, 24:

argumentorum,

id. 5, 13, 57:

in comparatione alicujus (post-Aug.): strata erant itinera vilioribus sarcinis, quas in conparatione meliorum avaritia contempserat,

Curt. 3, 11, 20 Vogel ad loc.; so,

ex conparatione regis novi, desiderium excitabatur amissi,

id. 10, 8, 9; cf. Lact. 7, 15, 7.—

Esp.

A trial of skill, contention:

in comparationem se demittere,

Suet. Rhet. 6.—

A relation, comparison:

cum solis et lunae et quinque errantium ad eandem inter se comparationem est facta conversio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 51.—

Translation of the Gr. analogia, Cic. Univ. 4 fin.; 5; 7.—

An agreement, contract (v. 1. comparo, II. B.):

provincia sine sorte, sine comparatione, extra ordinem data,

Liv. 6, 30, 3.—

Of animals, a coupling, pairing:

boum,

Col. 6, 2, 13.—

In rhet.:

criminis,

a defensive comparison of a crime with a good deed, on account of which the crime was committed, Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15; 2, 24, 72; Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24; 1, 15, 25.—

In gram.

A climax, Don. p. 1745 P.—

The comparative degree, Quint. 1, 5, 45.

compărātĭo, ōnis, f. [2. comparo].

A preparing, providing for, preparation, etc. (rare, but in good prose):

novi belli,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; cf.

pugnae, Auct. B. Afr. 35: veneni,

Liv. 42, 17, 6:

comparatio disciplinaque dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 76, 263:

novae amicitiae,

Sen. Ep. 9, 6.—

A procuring, gaining, acquiring:

testium,

Cic. Mur. 21, 44:

voluptatis,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 92:

criminis,

i. e. of all the materials for an accusation, id. Clu. 67, 191:

quibus ego ita credo, ut nihil de meā comparatione deminuam,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16.—Hence,

In late Lat., a purchasing, purchase, Dig. 5, 1, 52; 41, 3, 41.