furbish

* * *

* * *

interpŏlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [interpolio; cf. Non. p. 34, 2 sq.], to give a new form, shape, or appearance to any thing; to polish, furbish, or dress up; to spoil, corrupt, falsify; to vary, change (class.; cf. interlino, vitio, transscribo).

Lit.:

togam praetextam,

to dye anew, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12.—

Transf.

In gen.: illic homo me interpolabit, meumque os finget denuo, will work me up anew, i. e. will bang me into another shape, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 161:

nova pictura interpolare vis opus lepidissimum,

i. e. to paint the lily, id. Most. 1, 3, 105:

tura,

to prepare, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 39.—

Esp. of the falsification of writings, to insert, interpolate, alter, falsify:

semper aliquid demendo, mutando, interpolando,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 61, § 158 Zumpt N. cr.:

scripturas divinas, Ambros. de Fide, 5, 16, 193: priorem textum,

Amm. 15, 5, 12.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

pŏlĭo, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 4 ( imperf polibant, Verg. A. 8, 436), v. a. [root par, in parēre, appārere; cf. pulcher], to smooth, furbish, polish (class.; syn.: limo, levigo).

Lit.: ROGVM ASCIA NE POLITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

parietem tectorio,

Col. 8, 8, 3:

daedala signa,

Lucr. 5, 1451:

gemmas cotibus,

Plin. 37, 8, 32, § 109:

ligna squatinae piscis cute,

id. 32, 9, 34, § 108. marmora, id. 36, 6, 9, § 52:

scabritiam ferri hircorum sanguine,

id. 28, 9, 41, § 148:

lapis politus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 27:

polite lanceas,

id. Jer. 46, 4.—

Transf. (= apparare, curare, colere), to set off, adorn, decorate, embellish: causa poliendi agri, Enn. ap. Non. 66, 27 (Ann. v. 324 Vahl.); cf.:

campi politi,

id. ib. (Sat. v. 23 Vahl.); and:

politus culturā fundus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5:

vestes,

to scour, Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 197; cf.

vestimenta,

Dig. 47, 2, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 143; 162:

linum in filo,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18:

minium in officinis,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Sillig ad Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60:

domus polita,

well-ordered, Phaedr. 4, 5, 26; cf.:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10.—

Trop., to polish, refine, improve, adorn: ignarus poliendae orationis, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

ut opus poliat lima non exterat,

Quint. 10, 4, 4:

verba,

id. 8, 6, 63:

materiam versibus senariis,

Phaedr. 1, prol. 2:

carmina,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 61:

mores,

Petr. 8. —Hence, pŏlītus, a, um, P. a. (in the trop. sense), polished, accomplished, refined, cultivated, polite (class.):

doctrinā homines,

Lucr. 3, 307:

homo politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

politus artibus,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 26:

homo (orator),

id. de Or. 2, 58, 236:

aliquem politum reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 6. accurata et polita oratio, Cic. Brut. 95, 326; cf.:

ornata oratio et polita,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 31; so,

epistula,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2.— Comp.:

Crassus (in dicendo) politior et ornatior,

Tac. Or. 18:

facundia politiorem fieri,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 2:

homo politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72.— Sup.:

vir omni liberali doctrinā politissimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Hence, adv.: pŏlītē, in a polished manner, exquisitely, elegantly:

polite subtiliterque effici,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

polite apteque dicere,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ornate politeque dicere,

id. Cael. 3, 8:

scribere,

id. Brut. 19, 76.— Comp.:

politius perfectiusque proferre aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

politius limare,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2.

pŏlĭo, ōnis, v. pellio.

Pōlio ( Pollio), ōnis, m., the name of a music-teacher, Juv. 7, 176.

tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3 ( perf. terii, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; perf. sync. tristi, Cat. 66, 30), v. a. [root ter; Gr. teirô, truô, tribô, to rub; cf. Lat. tribulare, triticum; akin to terên, tender, Lat. teres], to rub, rub to pieces; to bruise, grind, bray, triturate (syn.: frico, tundo, pinso).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.: num me illuc ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? (i. e. into a mill), Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16:

lacrimulam oculos terendo vix vi exprimere,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

teritur lignum ligno ignemque concipit attritu,

Plin. 16, 40, 77. § 208: sed nihil hederā praestantius quae [p. 1860] teritur, lauro quae terat, id. ib.:

aliquid in mortario,

id. 34, 10, 22, § 104:

aliquid in farinam,

id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:

bacam trapetis,

Verg. G. 2, 519:

unguibus herbas,

Ov. M. 9, 655:

dentes in stipite,

id. ib. 8, 369:

lumina manu,

Cat. 66, 30:

sucina trita redolent,

Mart. 3, 64, 5:

piper,

Petr. 74:

Appia trita rotis,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 44:

cibum in ventre,

i. e. to digest, Cels. 1 praef. med. — Poet.: labellum calamo, i. e. to rub one ' s lip (in playing), Verg. E. 2, 34:

calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

treads upon, id. A. 5, 324:

crystalla labris,

Mart. 9, 23, 7.—

In partic.

To rub grain from the ears by treading, to tread out, thresh:

frumentum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 5:

milia frumenti tua triverit area centum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 45:

area dum messes teret,

Tib. 1, 5, 22:

teret area culmos,

Verg. G. 1, 192; cf.:

ut patria careo, bis frugibus area trita est,

i. e. it has twice been harvest-time, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 19.—

To cleanse or beautify by rubbing, to smooth, furbish, burnish, polish, sharpen (syn.:

polio, acuo): oculos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 103:

crura mordaci pumice,

Ov. A. A. 1, 506:

hinc radios trivere rotis,

smoothed, turned, Verg. G. 2, 444:

vitrum torno,

Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 193:

catillum manibus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 90:

tritus cimice lectus,

Mart. 11, 33, 1.—

To lessen by rubbing, to rub away; to wear away by use, wear out:

(navem) ligneam, saepe tritam,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 52:

hoc (tempus) rigidas silices, hoc adamanta terit,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6. 14:

ferrum,

to dull, id. M. 12, 167:

mucronem rubigine silicem liquore,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 15:

trita labore colla,

Ov. M. 15, 124:

trita subucula,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

trita vestis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 38:

librum,

i. e. to read often, Mart. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 4; cf.:

quid haberet, Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus?

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 92:

pocula labris patrum trita,

Mart. 11, 12, 3: ut illum di terant, qui primum olitor caepam protulit, crush, annihilate, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 681 P.—

Of persons, pass., to be employed in. occupied with:

nos qui in foro verisque litibus terimur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5:

litibus,

id. ib. 10, 12, 3.—

To tread often, to visit, frequent a way or place (cf.:

calco, calcito): angustum formica terens iter,

Verg. G. 1, 380:

iter propositum,

Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 14:

Appiam mannis,

Hor. Epod. 4, 14:

viam,

Ov. A. A. 1, 52; Lucr. 1, 927:

via trita pede,

Tib. 4, 13, 10:

ambulator porticum terit,

Mart. 2, 11, 2:

limina,

id. 10, 10, 2:

mea nocturnis trita fenestra dolis,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 16:

nec jam clarissimorum virorum receptacula habitatore servo teruntur,

Plin. Pan. 50, 3: flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr 259. —

In mal. part.:

Bojus est, Bojam terit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108; so Prop. 3, 11 (4. 10), 30; Petr. 87. —

Trop. (freq. in good prose).

To wear away, use up, i. e. to pass, spend time; usu. to waste, spend in dissipation, etc. (syn.:

absumo, consumo): teritur dies,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 20:

diem sermone terere segnities merast,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 67:

naves diem trivere,

Liv. 37, 27, 8:

tempus in convivio luxuque,

id. 1, 57, 9:

tempus ibi in secreto,

id. 26, 19, 5:

omnem aetatem in his discendis rebus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

teretur interea tempus,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

jam alteram aetatem bellis civilibus,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1:

omne aevum ferro,

Verg. A. 9, 609:

spe otia,

id. ib. 4, 271:

otium conviviis comissationibusque inter se,

Liv. 1, 57, 5. —

To expend, employ (late Lat.):

qui operam teri frustra,

Amm. 27, 12, 12. —

To exert greatly, exhaust:

ne in opere longinquo sese tererent, Liv 6, 8, 10: ut in armis terant plebem,

id. 6, 27, 7.—

Of language, to wear out by use, i. e. to render common, commonplace, or trite (in verb finit. very rare, but freq. as a P. a.):

jam hoc verbum satis hesterno sermone trivimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

quae (nomina) nunc consuetudo diurna trivit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15.—

To tread under foot, i. e. to injure, violate a thing:

jurata deorum majestas teritur,

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 228. — Hence, P. a.: trītus, a, um.

Prop. of a road or way, oft-trodden, beaten, frequented, common:

iter,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

via,

id. Brut. 81, 281:

quadrijugi spatium,

Ov. M. 2, 167. — Sup.:

tritissima quaeque via,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 2. —

Fig.

Practised, expert:

tritas aures habere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4; so id. Brut. 32, 124.— Comp.:

tritiores manūs ad aedificandum perficere,

Vitr. 2, 1, 6. —

Of language, used often or much, familiar, common, commonplace, trite:

quid in Graeco sermone tam tritum atque celebratum est, quam, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 27, 65:

nomen minus tritum sermone nostro,

id. Rep. 2, 29, 52:

ex quo illud: summum jus summā injuriā factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33.— Comp.:

faciamus tractando usitatius hoc verbum ac tritius,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

compedes, quas induere aureas mos tritior vetat,

Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152.