trodden

prō-culco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [calco], to tread down, trample upon (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

turbatus eques sua ipse subsidia territis equis proculcavit,

Liv. 10, 36, 5:

crescenti segetes proculcat in herbā,

Ov. M. 8, 290; cf. Sev. ap. Sen. Suas. 6, 26, 26 sq.—Of a Centaur:

pedibusque virum proculcat equinis,

Ov. M. 12, 374:

solum,

Col. 3, 13, 6:

uvas,

id. 12, 19, 3; cf. id. 12, 15, 3; Phaedr. 1, 32, 9:

nepotem,

trample to death, Just. 44, 4, 4:

una ala ipso impetu proculcata erat,

crushed, Curt. 3, 11, 14:

aliquem,

Tac. H. 3, 81:

materiam,

Just. 38, 10, 3: qui tot proculcavimus nives, have trodden, i. e. traversed, Curt. 6, 3, 16.—

Trop., to trample upon, tread under foot, despise:

qui fata proculcavit,

Sen. Phoen. 193:

proculcato senatu,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

proculcata desertaque respublica,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

contumeliosā voce,

Val. Max. 9, 5, 3.—Hence, prōculcātus, a, um, P. a., trodden down; trop., = tritus, trodden under foot, mean, low, common (post-class.):

verba proculcata vulgo et protrita,

Gell. 18, 4, 6; cf. id. 17, 2, 10.

* * *

* * *

calco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. calx], to tread something or upon something, to tread under foot.

In gen.

Lit. (very freq.; mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic.)' astructos morientum acervos,

Ov. M. 5, 88; 12, 391:

calcata vipera,

trodden upon, id. ib. 10, 23; 12, 391;

13, 804: alius manum aeger, ut pede ac vestigio Caesaris calcaretur, orabat,

Tac. H. 4, 81:

cineres ossaque legionum,

id. ib. 5, 17:

calcata lacinia togae,

Suet. Calig. 35: uvam, [p. 268] to tread grapes, Cato, R. R. 112 fin.; Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Ov. M. 2, 29; id. F. 4, 897; Col. 6, 15, 1.— To stamp, beat:

in mortario,

Apic. 2, 3:

solum ferratis vectibus,

Plin. 36, 23, 52, § 173.—

Trop.

To tread down, to oppress, trample upon (the figure is taken from a victorious warrior who tramples upon his prostrate opponents):

amorem,

Ov. Am. 3, 11, 5; cf.

hostem,

Juv. 10, 86:

gentem,

Just. 12, 16, 11:

libertas nostra in foro obteritur et calcatur,

Liv. 34, 2, 2:

calcatum jus,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 125.—

To scorn, contemn, spurn, despise, abuse:

insultetque rogis, calcet et ossa mea,

Prop. 2, 8, 20:

aliquid quasi fastidiendo calcare,

Quint. 5, 13, 22:

calcatum foedus,

Stat. Th. 3, 208.—

Esp.

Of objects in space, to tread, pass over: calcanda semel via leti, * Hor. C. 1, 28, 16; Petr. 118, 5:

scopulos, litora,

Ov. H. 2, 121:

durum aequor,

the frozen sea, id. Tr. 3, 10, 39:

campum,

Claud. VI. Cons Hon. 515:

calcatos lucos Jovi,

frequented by, Sil. 3, 675.—

Of the cock, to tread, Col. 8, 5, 24.—

In gen., to press close together, to press in:

oleas in orculam calcato,

Cato, R. R. 117 fin.:

tomentum in culcita,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 167 Müll.; Cato, R. R. 52, 1; 28, 2; Pall. Jan. 20; Plin. 36, 23, 52, § 173; Verg. G. 2, 244.

ex-culco, āvi, ātum, 1 [calco], to tread or beat out (very rare; not in Cic.).

Lit.:

ex dominis meis pugnis furfures,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 30.—

Transf., to tread down, to stamp firm or close:

singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

rammed down, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7 Oud.— Hence, * exculcātus, a, um, P. a. (trodden out, worn out by treading; trop.), worn out:

verba nimis obsoleta exculcataque,

Gell. 11, 7, 1.

secta, ae, f. [ part. perf. of seco, sc. via, v. seco, I. C. 2., and II. B. fin. ]; prop., a trodden or beaten way, a path; footsteps; hence, trop., a (prescribed) way, mode, manner, method, principles of conduct or procedure (syn.: ratio, via, etc.); most freq. in the phrase sectam (alicujus) sequi (persequi, etc.), to follow in the footsteps (of any one); hence, also, sectam (alicujus) secuti, a party, faction, sect.

In gen.:

nos, qui hanc sectam rationemque vitae, re magis quam verbis, secuti sumus,

mode of life, Cic. Cael. 17, 40; so,

vitae,

Quint. 3, 8, 38; 12, 2, 6; Plin. Pan. 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 85, 7:

horum nos hominum sectam atque instituta persequimur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181; cf.:

cujus sectam sequi, cujus imperio parere potissimum vellet,

id. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

sequi ejus auctoritatem, cujus sectam atque imperium secutus est,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

omnis natura habet quasi viam quandam et sectam quam sequatur,

id. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

negant se pro Vitruvio sectamque ejus secutis precatum venisse,

Liv. 8, 19; cf. id. 29, 27; 35, 49; 36, 1;

42, 31: juvenes hortatur, ut illam ire viam pergant et eidem incumbere sectae,

Juv. 14, 121 sq.:

divitioris sectam plerumque secuntur Quamlibet et fortes,

follow, adhere to, Lucr. 5, 1114:

gallae sectam meam exsecutae, mihi comites, etc.,

Cat. 63, 15 et saep.—

In partic., doctrines, school, sect (not freq. until the post-Aug. per.; syn.: schola, disciplina).

In philosophic lang.:

quo magis tuum, Brute, judicium probo, qui eorum philosophorum sectam secutus es,

Cic. Brut. 31, 120; cf.:

inter Stoicos et Epicuri sectam secutos pugna perpetua est,

Quint. 5, 7, 35.— Plur.:

ad morem certas in philosophia sectas sequendi,

Quint. 3, 1, 18:

neque me cujusdam sectae velut quādam superstitione imbutus addixi,

id. 3, 1, 22:

assumptā Stoicorum arrogantiā sectāque,

Tac. A. 14, 57:

Demetrio Cynicam sectam professo,

id. H. 4, 40:

auctoritatem Stoicae sectae praeferebat,

id. A. 16, 32; 6, 22:

inter duos diversarum sectarum velut duces,

Quint. 5, 13, 59. —

In jurisprudence:

hi duo primum veluti diversas sectas fecerunt,

schools, Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 47.—

In medicine, a school:

alia est Hippocratis secta, alia Asclepiadis,

Sen. Ep. 95, 9.—

In religion, a sect, Cod. Just. 1, 9, 3:

plurimae sectae et haereses,

Lact. 4, 30, 2:

Nazaraenorum,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5.—

Rarely of a class or guild of men:

sincera et innoxia pastoriae illius sectae integritas,

Flor. 3, 12, 2.—

In Appul., a band of robbers, App. M. 4, pp. 150, 29, and 153, 22.

secta, ōrum, n. [1. seco, I. B. 1.], parts of the body operated upon:

secta recentia,

Plin. 31, 11, 47, § 126.

tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3 ( perf. terii, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; perf. sync. tristi, Cat. 66, 30), v. a. [root ter; Gr. teirô, truô, tribô, to rub; cf. Lat. tribulare, triticum; akin to terên, tender, Lat. teres], to rub, rub to pieces; to bruise, grind, bray, triturate (syn.: frico, tundo, pinso).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.: num me illuc ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? (i. e. into a mill), Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16:

lacrimulam oculos terendo vix vi exprimere,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

teritur lignum ligno ignemque concipit attritu,

Plin. 16, 40, 77. § 208: sed nihil hederā praestantius quae [p. 1860] teritur, lauro quae terat, id. ib.:

aliquid in mortario,

id. 34, 10, 22, § 104:

aliquid in farinam,

id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:

bacam trapetis,

Verg. G. 2, 519:

unguibus herbas,

Ov. M. 9, 655:

dentes in stipite,

id. ib. 8, 369:

lumina manu,

Cat. 66, 30:

sucina trita redolent,

Mart. 3, 64, 5:

piper,

Petr. 74:

Appia trita rotis,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 44:

cibum in ventre,

i. e. to digest, Cels. 1 praef. med. — Poet.: labellum calamo, i. e. to rub one ' s lip (in playing), Verg. E. 2, 34:

calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

treads upon, id. A. 5, 324:

crystalla labris,

Mart. 9, 23, 7.—

In partic.

To rub grain from the ears by treading, to tread out, thresh:

frumentum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 5:

milia frumenti tua triverit area centum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 45:

area dum messes teret,

Tib. 1, 5, 22:

teret area culmos,

Verg. G. 1, 192; cf.:

ut patria careo, bis frugibus area trita est,

i. e. it has twice been harvest-time, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 19.—

To cleanse or beautify by rubbing, to smooth, furbish, burnish, polish, sharpen (syn.:

polio, acuo): oculos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 103:

crura mordaci pumice,

Ov. A. A. 1, 506:

hinc radios trivere rotis,

smoothed, turned, Verg. G. 2, 444:

vitrum torno,

Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 193:

catillum manibus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 90:

tritus cimice lectus,

Mart. 11, 33, 1.—

To lessen by rubbing, to rub away; to wear away by use, wear out:

(navem) ligneam, saepe tritam,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 52:

hoc (tempus) rigidas silices, hoc adamanta terit,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6. 14:

ferrum,

to dull, id. M. 12, 167:

mucronem rubigine silicem liquore,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 15:

trita labore colla,

Ov. M. 15, 124:

trita subucula,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

trita vestis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 38:

librum,

i. e. to read often, Mart. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 4; cf.:

quid haberet, Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus?

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 92:

pocula labris patrum trita,

Mart. 11, 12, 3: ut illum di terant, qui primum olitor caepam protulit, crush, annihilate, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 681 P.—

Of persons, pass., to be employed in. occupied with:

nos qui in foro verisque litibus terimur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5:

litibus,

id. ib. 10, 12, 3.—

To tread often, to visit, frequent a way or place (cf.:

calco, calcito): angustum formica terens iter,

Verg. G. 1, 380:

iter propositum,

Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 14:

Appiam mannis,

Hor. Epod. 4, 14:

viam,

Ov. A. A. 1, 52; Lucr. 1, 927:

via trita pede,

Tib. 4, 13, 10:

ambulator porticum terit,

Mart. 2, 11, 2:

limina,

id. 10, 10, 2:

mea nocturnis trita fenestra dolis,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 16:

nec jam clarissimorum virorum receptacula habitatore servo teruntur,

Plin. Pan. 50, 3: flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr 259. —

In mal. part.:

Bojus est, Bojam terit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108; so Prop. 3, 11 (4. 10), 30; Petr. 87. —

Trop. (freq. in good prose).

To wear away, use up, i. e. to pass, spend time; usu. to waste, spend in dissipation, etc. (syn.:

absumo, consumo): teritur dies,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 20:

diem sermone terere segnities merast,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 67:

naves diem trivere,

Liv. 37, 27, 8:

tempus in convivio luxuque,

id. 1, 57, 9:

tempus ibi in secreto,

id. 26, 19, 5:

omnem aetatem in his discendis rebus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

teretur interea tempus,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

jam alteram aetatem bellis civilibus,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1:

omne aevum ferro,

Verg. A. 9, 609:

spe otia,

id. ib. 4, 271:

otium conviviis comissationibusque inter se,

Liv. 1, 57, 5. —

To expend, employ (late Lat.):

qui operam teri frustra,

Amm. 27, 12, 12. —

To exert greatly, exhaust:

ne in opere longinquo sese tererent, Liv 6, 8, 10: ut in armis terant plebem,

id. 6, 27, 7.—

Of language, to wear out by use, i. e. to render common, commonplace, or trite (in verb finit. very rare, but freq. as a P. a.):

jam hoc verbum satis hesterno sermone trivimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

quae (nomina) nunc consuetudo diurna trivit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15.—

To tread under foot, i. e. to injure, violate a thing:

jurata deorum majestas teritur,

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 228. — Hence, P. a.: trītus, a, um.

Prop. of a road or way, oft-trodden, beaten, frequented, common:

iter,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

via,

id. Brut. 81, 281:

quadrijugi spatium,

Ov. M. 2, 167. — Sup.:

tritissima quaeque via,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 2. —

Fig.

Practised, expert:

tritas aures habere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4; so id. Brut. 32, 124.— Comp.:

tritiores manūs ad aedificandum perficere,

Vitr. 2, 1, 6. —

Of language, used often or much, familiar, common, commonplace, trite:

quid in Graeco sermone tam tritum atque celebratum est, quam, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 27, 65:

nomen minus tritum sermone nostro,

id. Rep. 2, 29, 52:

ex quo illud: summum jus summā injuriā factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33.— Comp.:

faciamus tractando usitatius hoc verbum ac tritius,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

compedes, quas induere aureas mos tritior vetat,

Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152.