to+subdue

păco, ĕre, prim. of paciscor and pango, to make or come to an agreement, to agree together respecting any thing: NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Dirks, Uebers. p. 516 sq.

pāco, ăvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [pax], to bring into a state of peace and quietness, to make peaceful, to quiet, pacify, subdue, soothe (class.; cf.: pacifico, placo).

Lit.:

pacare Amanum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

omnem Galliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

qui nuper pacati erant,

id. B. G. 1, 16:

civitates,

id. ib. 7, 65:

Hispanias,

id. B. C. 1, 85:

bimarem Isthmon,

Ov. M. 7, 405:

regiones,

Hirt. B. Alex. 26:

Asiam,

Just. 38, 7, 2:

Erymanthi nemora,

Verg. A. 6, 803: MARE A PRAEDONIBVS, Monum. Ancyr. fin. ap. Grut. 233; Ov. F. 2, 18.—

Transf., of things as objects:

incultae pacantur vomere silvae,

are subdued, tilled, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 45:

et pacare metu silvas,

Manil. 4, 182:

saltus remotos pacabat cornu,

Stat. Th. 4, 250:

incertos animi aestus,

to quiet, Claud. IV. Cons. Honor. 225; cf.

feras,

to tame, Aus. Epigr. 1, 19:

dolorem,

id. Idyll. 6, 100.—Hence, pācā-tus, a, um, P. a., pacified, quieted, peaceful, quiet, calm, tranquil, undisturbed (opp. hostilis; class.).

Lit.:

pacatae tranquillaeque civitates,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

in provinciā pacatissimā,

id. Lig. 2, 4:

pacatissima et quietissima pars,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

nec hospitale quicquam pacatumve,

Liv. 21, 20:

pacato agmine transire,

id. 40, 47:

pacati status aëris,

Lucr. 3, 292:

pacata posse omnia mente tueri,

Lucr. 5, 1203:

mare,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 19:

vultus,

Ov. F. 1, 3:

pacatus mitisque adsis,

id. M. 431:

coloni,

Manil. 4, 141.—As subst.: pācātum, i, n., a friendly country:

vagi milites in pacato,

Liv. 8, 34:

ex pacatis praedas agere,

i. e. from countries at peace with Rome, Sall. J. 32, 3:

qui medius inter pacata et hostilia fuit, Danubius et Rhenus,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 7, 1.—

Trop.:

oratio pacatior,

Cic. Brut. 31, 121:

cujus ne pacatam quidem nequitiam quisquam ferre posset,

id. Phil. 5, 9, 24.—And in the neutr. as subst.:

nec diu in pacato mansit gens,

on friendly terms, Liv. 23, 27, 9.—Hence, adv.: pācātē, peaceably, quietly (post-Aug.).— Comp.:

pacatius ad reliqua secessimus,

Petr. 10; Aug. Ep. 111.— Sup.:

pacatissime et commodissime,

Aug. Soliloq. 2, 7. [p. 1288]

pōno, pŏsŭi (Plaut. posīvi), pŏsĭtum, 3 (old form of perf. POSEIVEI, Inscr. Orell. 3308:

posivi,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 35: posivimus, id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.:

posiverunt, Cato, R. R. praef. 1: posiveris,

id. ib. 4, 1; Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 108: POSIER unt, Inscr. Orell. 5061:

POSIT, contr. from posivit,

ib. 71; 732; 1475; 3087 al.; part. perf. sync. postus, a, um, Lucr. 1, 1059; 3, 87; 6, 965), v. a. [for posno, posino, from old prep. port, = proti, pros, and sino; cf.: porricio, pollingo, etc., and v. pro, sino], to put or set down a person or thing, to put, place, set, lay, etc. (syn.: colloco, statuo); constr. with acc. alone, or with in and abl., or with adv. of place; sometimes with in and acc., or absol.; v. infra.

Lit.

In gen.:

tabulas in aerario ponere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 108:

castra,

to pitch, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.:

castra iniquo loco,

id. ib. 1, 81:

milia passuum tria ab eorum castris castra ponit,

id. B. G. 1, 22 fin.: qui indicabantur, in senatu sunt positi, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

tabulas obsignatas in publico,

Cic. Fl. 9, 21:

sejuges in Capitolio aurati a P. Cornelio positi,

Liv. 38, 35, 4:

tyrannicidae imago in gymnasio ponatur,

Quint. 7, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 7, 12:

collum in Pulvere,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 11; cf.:

artus in litore ponunt,

Verg. A. 1, 173; and with simple abl.:

saxo posuit latus,

Val. Fl. 4, 378:

in curulibus sellis sese posuerunt,

seated themselves, Flor. 1, 13.—With in and acc.: hodierno die primum longo intervallo in possessionem libertatis pedem ponimus, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28 B. and K. (Klotz, possessione):

Cyzici in Prytaneum vasa aurea mensae unius posuit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

stipes erat, quem... in flammam triplices posuere sorores,

Ov. M. 8, 452:

omnia pone feros in ignes,

id. R. Am. 719:

oleas in solem,

Cato, R. R. 7:

coronam in caput,

Gell. 3, 15, 3.—With sub and abl.:

pone sub curru nimium propinqui,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

fundamenta,

Vulg. 1 Esd. 6, 3:

ubi pedem poneret non habebat,

might set his foot, Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

genu or genua,

to bow the knee, to kneel, Ov. F. 2, 438; 5, 507; Curt. 8, 7, 13:

num genu posuit? num vocem supplicem misit?

id. 4, 6, 28:

oculos,

to cast one's eyes on, Vulg. Jer. 24, 6:

faciem,

to turn one's face, id. ib. 42, 15.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to place, post, set, station a body of troops:

ibi praesidium ponit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

praesidium ibi,

id. B. C. 1, 47 fin.:

legionem tuendae orae maritimae causā,

id. ib. 3, 34:

insidias contra aliquem,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 49.—

To set up, erect, build (mostly poet.):

opus,

Ov. M. 8, 160:

templa,

Verg. A. 6, 19:

aras,

id. ib. 3, 404:

tropaeum,

Nep. Dat. 8, 3; so,

in inscrr., of erecting monuments of any kind: POSVIT, PONENDVM CVRAVIT (usu. abbreviated P. C.), etc.: columna rostrata quae est Duilio in foro posita,

in honor of Duilius, Quint. 1, 7, 12.—

Hence, poet., to form, fashion works of art:

Alcimedon duo pocula fecit... Orpheaque in medio posuit,

Verg. E. 3, 46:

hic saxo liquidis ille coloribus Sollers nunc hominem ponere, nunc deum,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 8.—

To set, set out, plant trees, etc. ( poet. and in postAug. prose;

syn.: planto, sero): pone ordine vites,

Verg. E. 1, 74:

vitem,

Col. 4, 1; cf.:

ille et nefasto te (arbor) posuit die,

planted thee, Hor. C. 2, 13, 1.—

To lay, stake, wager, as a forfeit; to lay down, propose, as a prize: pono pallium;

Ille suum anulum opposuit,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 76:

pocula fagina,

Verg. E. 3, 36:

invitat pretiis animos et praemia ponit,

id. A. 5, 292:

praemia,

id. ib. 5, 486:

praemium,

Liv. 41, 23, 10.—

In business lang., to put out at interest, to loan, to invest (less freq. than collocare): pecuniam in praedio ponere, Cic. Tull. § 15 Orell.; cf.:

pecuniam apud aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 165:

dives positis in fenore nummis,

Hor. A. P. 421:

pecuniam Quaerit Kalendis ponere,

id. Epod. 2, 70.—

To place, set, appoint a person as a watch or guard, accuser, etc. (less freq. than apponere):

Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut, quae agat, scire possit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.:

custos frumento publico est positus,

Cic. Fl. 19, 45: alicui accusatorem, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3:

puer super hoc positus officium,

Petr. 56, 8.—

To serve up, set before one at table (rare for the class. apponere), Cato, R. R. 79; so id. ib. 81:

posito pavone,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 23; 2, 4, 14; 2, 6, 64; 2, 8, 91; id. A. P. 422:

positi Bacchi cornua,

Ov. A. A. 1, 231:

vinum,

Petr. 34, 7:

calidum scis ponere sumen,

Pers. 1, 53:

porcum,

Mart. 8, 22, 1:

da Trebio, pone ad Trebium,

Juv. 5, 135.—

To lay aside, take off, put down, lay down, etc. (as clothing, arms, books, the hair or beard, etc., = deponere):

cum pila ludere vellet tunicamque poneret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60; cf.:

veste positā,

id. ib. 1, 47, 113:

velamina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 613; cf.:

velamina de corpore,

id. M. 4, 345:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37:

sarcinam,

Petr. 117, 11:

barbam,

Suet. Calig. 5; cf.:

bicolor positis membrana capillis,

Pers. 3, 10:

libros de manibus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 23; cf.:

cum posui librum, et mecum ipse coepi cogitare,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24.—

To lay out for the grave:

toroque Mortua componar, positaeque det oscula frater,

Ov. M. 9, 503; Verg. A. 2, 644.—Also, to lay in the grave, to bury, inter ( poet. and in post-class. prose;

syn.: sepelio, condo): corpore posto,

Lucr. 3, 871:

te... patriā decedens ponere terrā,

Verg. A. 6, 508; Ov. F. 5, 480:

ubi corpus meum positum fuerit,

Dig. 34, 1, 18 fin.; Inscr. Orell. 4370:

IN HAC CVPA MATER ET FILIVS POSITI SVNT,

ib. 4550; 4495:

HIC POSITVS EST, Inscr. in Boeckh. C. I. Gr. 4156: CINERES,

Inscr. Orell. 4393; 4489.—

Ponere calculum or calculos, transf., to weigh carefully, to ponder, consider:

si bene calculum ponas,

Petr. 115, 16:

examina tecum, omnesque, quos ego movi, in utrāque parte calculos pone,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19 fin. —

To arrange, deck, set in order (cf. compono):

qui suas ponunt in statione comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 434:

quid totiens positas fingis, inepta, comas?

id. ib. 1, 306; cf. id. H. 4, 77; id. M. 1, 477.—

To subdue, calm, allay, quiet:

quo non arbiter Hadriae Major, tollere seu ponere vult freta,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 16:

magnos cum ponunt aequora motus,

Prop. 4 (5), 14, 31.—Hence, neutr., of the winds, to fall, abate ( poet. and late Lat.):

cum venti posuere omnisque repente resedit Flatus,

Verg. A. 7, 27:

tum Zephyri posuere,

id. ib. 10, 103:

simul ac ventus posuit,

Gell. 2, 30, 2.

Trop.

In gen., to set, place, put, lay a thing anywhere: noenum ponebat rumores ante salutem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 314 Vahl.):

pone ante oculos laetitiam senatūs,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

at te apud eum, di boni! quantā in gratiā posui,

id. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; 6, 1, 22: ponite me ei (Appio) in gratiā, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5:

apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiā,

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3 B. and K. (Orell. gratiam):

se quoque in gratiā reconciliatae pacis ponere,

Liv. 44, 14, 7:

in laude positus,

Cic. Sest. 66, 139:

aliquem in metu non ponere,

i. e. not to fear, id. Top. 13, 55:

virtutum fundamenta in voluptate tamquam in aquā ponere,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 72; cf. id. Pis. 4, 9:

aliquid in conspectu animi,

id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf.:

sub uno aspectu ponere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 1, 1: ponendus est ille ambitus, non abiciendus, to lay down gently, i. e. close gracefully, Cic. Or. 59, 199:

super cor,

to lay to heart, Vulg. Mal. 2, 2.—With in and acc.:

te in crimen populo ponat atque infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 11.—Elliptically: et quidem cum in mentem venit, ponor ad scribendum, when it occurs to Cœsar, he sets me (i. e. my name) to the Senate's decrees, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 4.—

In partic.

Ponere aliquid in aliquā re, to put or place a thing in something, to cause a thing to rest or depend upon:

credibile non est, quantum ego in consiliis et prudentiā tuā, quantum in amore et fide ponam,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 3:

spem in aliquo,

id. ib. 6, 1, 11:

salutis auxilium in celeritate,

Caes. B. G. 5, 48; cf.:

spem salutis in virtute,

id. ib. 5, 34, 2:

ut in dubio poneret, utrum, etc.,

regarded as doubtful, doubted, Liv. 34, 5, 3: sed haec haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, I shall attach no great importance to it, id. prooem. § 8.—In pass.: positum esse in aliquā re, to be based or founded upon, to rest upon, depend upon:

ut salutem praesentium, spem reliquorum in vestris sententiis positam esse et defixam putetis,

Cic. Fl. 1, 3; id. Agr. 2, 9, 22:

omnia posita putamus in Planci tui liberalitate,

id. Att. 16, 16, F, 2; id. Or. 8, 27:

in te positum est, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 16, B, § 8. —

To lay out, spend, employ a thing, esp. time, in any thing:

tempus in cogitatione ponere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

si in hac curā vita mihi ponenda sit,

id. Fam. 9, 24, 4:

diem totum in considerandā causā,

id. Brut. 22, 87; cf. id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 6:

sumptum,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; id. Fam. 13, 54 fin.; cf.:

totum animum atque omnem curam, operam diligentiamque suam in petitione,

id. Mur. 22, 45:

id multo tum faciemus liberius totosque nos in contemplandis rebus perspiciendisque ponemus,

id. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

apud gratissimum hominem beneficium ponere,

id. Fam. 13, 55 fin.:

itinera enim ita facit, ut multos dies in oppidum ponat,

id. Att. 11, 22, 2.—

To put, place, count, reckon, consider a thing in or among certain things:

mortem in malis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29:

in beneficii loco,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12; id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

si quis motus populi factus esset, id C. Norbano in fraude capitali esse ponendum,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

in laude,

to regard as praiseworthy, id. Top. 18, 71:

in vitiis poni,

to be regarded as a fault, Nep. Epam. 1, 2.—

To appoint, ordain, make something:

leges,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

festos laetosque ritus,

Tac. H. 5, 5 fin.:

ut male posuimus initia, sic cetera sequentur,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 2:

ne tu in spem ponas me bonae frugi fore,

to hope for, reckon upon, Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 4 Fleck.: nomen, to apply or give a name (= imponere):

sunt enim rebus novis nova ponenda nomina,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10; Verg. A. 7, 63:

qui tibi nomen Insano posuere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 48: rationem, to furnish an account, to [p. 1397] reckon, Suet. Oth. 7; cf. Col. 1, 3:

pecuniae,

Dig. 46, 3, 89.—

To make or render vows or votive offerings to the gods:

Veneri ponere vota,

Prop. 3, 12, 18:

nunc ego victrices lauro redimire tabellas, Nec Veneris mediā ponere in aede morer,

Ov. Am. 1, 11, 25:

hic ponite lucida Funalia et vectes,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 6:

libatum agricolae ponitur ante deo,

Tib. 1, 1, 14; Ov. M. 3, 506:

ex praedā tripodem aureum Delphi posuit,

Nep. Paus. 2, 3.—

In speaking or writing, to lay down as true, to state, assume, assert, maintain, allege, take for granted, etc.:

quamobrem, ut paulo ante posui, si, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Fin. 2, 31, 100:

recte Magnus ille noster, me audiente, posuit in judicio, rem publicam, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: verum pono, esse victum eum;

at, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 25:

positum sit igitur in primis, etc.,

Cic. Or. 4, 14:

hoc posito atque concesso, esse quandam vim divinam, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf.:

quo posito, et omnium sensu adprobato,

id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

pono satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

id. Brut. 45, 165:

aliquid pro certo ponere,

Liv. 10, 9 fin.:

nunc rem ipsam ponamus quam illi non negant... Est haec res posita, quae ab adversario non negatur,

Cic. Caecin. 11, 32.—

Esp.: exemplum ponere, to cite an instance:

eorum quae constant exempla ponemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38, 68:

perspicuo et grandi vitio praeditum posuimus exemplum,

id. ib. 1, 47, 88:

ab adjunctis antea posui exemplum,

id. Top. 11, 50:

horum exempla posui ex jure civili,

id. ib. 14, 58:

horum generum ex Cicerone exempla ponamus,

Quint. 5, 11, 11; 6, 3, 108 al.—

To set before the mind, represent, describe:

nec ponere lucum Artifices, nec, etc.,

Pers. 1, 70:

pone Tigellinum,

Juv. 1, 155.—

To propose, offer, fix upon a theme for discussion (= proponere):

mihi nunc vos quaestiunculam, de quā meo arbitratu loquar, ponitis?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 2, 1, 2:

ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, si tibi non est molestum, volo,

id. Fat. 2, 4; cf.:

ponere jubebam, de quo quis audire vellet,

id. Tusc. 1, 4, 7:

ponere praemium,

Liv. 39, 17, 1; and impers. pass.:

doctorum est ista consuetudo eaque Graecorum, ut iis ponatur, de quo disputent quamvis subito,

id. Lael. 5, 17; so,

cum ita positum esset, videri, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 54.—

To put away, leave off, dismiss, forego, lay down, surrender (= deponere):

vitam propera ponere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 4:

vitia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 28, 66: inimicitias, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:

curas,

Liv. 1, 19:

metum,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6:

iram,

Hor. A. P. 160:

moras,

id. C. 4, 12, 25; Ov. F. 2, 816:

animos feroces,

Liv. 8, 1:

corda ferocia,

Verg. A. 1, 302:

vires (flammae),

id. ib. 5, 681:

ipsum rudimentum adulescentiae bello lacessentem Romanos posuisse,

had obtained his first experience, Liv. 31, 11 fin.; Suet. Ner. 22; also,

tirocinium,

Just. 12, 4, 6:

animam,

to lay down life, Vulg. Johan. 10, 15; 17.—Esp., milit. t. t.: arma ponere (= deponere), to lay down arms, yield, surrender:

Nepesinis inde edictum ut arma ponant,

Liv. 6, 10, 5:

dedi imperatorem, arma poni jubet,

id. 4, 10, 3; cf.:

positis armis,

id. 35, 36, 4; id. Epit. 88.—

To make, cause to be (eccl. Lat.):

cornu tuum ponam ferreum,

Vulg. Mich. 4, 13:

posuit me desolatam,

id. Thren. 3, 11; with quasi:

ponam Samariam quasi acervum,

id. Mich. 1, 6; with in and acc.:

posuerunt eam in ruinam,

id. Isa. 23, 13.—

To assume, suppose, put a case (of mere suppositions; only late Lat.; cf. 6 supra): pone tamen ab evangelistis scriptum, Ambros. de Fide, 5, 16, 194; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 273.—Hence, pŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., of localities, placed, situated; situate, standing, lying anywhere:

Roma in montibus posita,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

Delos in Aegaeo mari posita,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 5:

tumulus opportune ad id positus,

id. 28, 13:

urbs alieno solo posita,

id. 4, 17.— Poet.:

somno positus = sopitus,

lulled to sleep, Verg. A. 4, 527.

rĕ-vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a., to conquer, subdue.

Lit. (only poet., and in Tac.):

victrices catervae Consiliis juvenis revictae,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 24; cf.:

revicta conjuratio,

repressed, checked, Tac. A. 15, 73:

primordia rerum aliquā ratione,

Lucr. 1, 593:

vires (ignis),

id. 5, 410.—

Trop., to convict; to refute, disprove (class.;

syn.: convinco, refuto),

Lucr. 4, 488: numquam hic neque suo neque amicorum judicio revincetur, * Cic. Arch. 6, 11:

aliquem,

Tac. A. 6, 5:

aliquem in mendacio,

Dig. 26, 10, 3:

aliquem in culpā et in maleficio,

Gell. 6, 2, 13:

crimina rebus revicta,

disproved, Liv. 6, 26, 7 (with confutare verbis); Vulg. Act. 18, 28:

crimen,

Liv. 40, 16:

testimoniis revinci,

Lact. 4, 15 fin.

sub-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a.

To put, place, set, or lay under (syn.: suppono, sterno).

Lit. (class.).

In gen.: ego puerum interead ancillae subdam lactantem meae, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. p. 153, 26 (Trag. Rel. v. 26 Rib.):

ignem subdito,

Cato, R. R. 105, 1; so,

ignem,

id. ib. 38, 4; Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27; Liv. 8, 30 al.:

faces,

Lucr. 6, 1285:

lapidem magnetem,

id. 6, 1046:

manum oculo uni,

id. 4, 447; cf.:

rem oculorum visu,

id. 5, 101:

furcas vitibus,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 32:

pugionem pulvino,

Suet. Oth. 11; id. Dom. 17:

calcaria equo,

Liv. 2, 20; 4, 19; 22, 6; cf.:

risus stimulos animo subdidit,

id. 6, 34, 7:

id genus animalium (tauros) aratro,

Tac. A. 12, 24:

se aquis,

to plunge under, Ov. M. 4, 722:

colla vinclis,

Tib. 1, 2, 90 et saep.:

versus,

to append, add, Gell. 18, 4, 11; 19, 11, 3; cf.:

hic tu paulisper haesisti, deinde ilico subdidisti: quid de duobus consulibus, etc.,

subjoined, Aus. Grat. Act. 23.—Esp., of places, in part. perf.: Celaletae (populi) majores Haemo, Minores Rhodopae subditi, that dwell at the foot of Mount Hœmus, etc., Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41; cf.:

Libye subdita Cancro,

lying under, Sil. 1, 194.—

In partic., to bring under, subject, subdue, = subicere (very rare):

Plutonis subdita regno Magna deum proles,

Tib. 4, 1, 67:

tot subdite rebus!

Pers. 5, 124:

subdidit Oceanum sceptris,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 42: Hispanum Oceanum legibus, id. [p. 1774] III. Cons. Stil. praef. 8:

rem tam magnam iisdem tempestatibus, iisdem casibus subdere,

to expose, Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 4:

imperio feminae,

Tac. A. 12, 40.—Part.: subdĭ-tus, a, um, subject (late Lat.):

subditas viris,

Vulg. Tit. 2, 5:

tibi,

id. Jud. 3, 2:

justum est, subditum esse Deo,

id. 2 Macc. 9, 12:

subditi estote in omni timore,

id. 1 Pet. 2, 18.—

Trop., to bring on, furnish, supply; to yield, afford (so not in Cic.):

iraï fax subdita,

Lucr. 3, 303:

id nobis acriores ad studia dicendi faces subdidisse,

Quint. 1, 2, 25:

irritatis militum animis subdere ignem,

Liv. 8, 32:

ingenio stimulos,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 76; Liv. 6, 34:

alicui spiritus,

id. 7, 40.—

To put in the place of another person or thing, to substitute (rare but class.).

In gen.: te rogo, in Hirtii locum me subdas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 7:

quos in eorum locum subditos domi suae reservavit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 12:

judicem in meum locum,

id. Dom. 32, 85; Plin. Pan. 25, 3; cf. Quint. 3, 6, 54:

immutavit et subdidit verbum ei verbo, quod omiserat, finitimum,

Gell. 1, 4, 8.—

In partic., to put something spurious in the place of another person or thing; to substitute falsely; to forge, counterfeit, make up (not in Cic.;

syn. substituo): subditum se suspicatur,

that he is a spurious child, a changeling, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12:

me subditum et pellice genitum appellant,

Liv. 40, 9:

partum,

Dig. 4, 10, 19; cf.:

liberos tamquam subditos summovere familia,

Quint. 1, 4, 3 Zumpt N. cr. (al. subditicios):

abolendo rumori Nero subdidit reos,

Tac. A. 15, 44:

reum,

id. ib. 1, 6; cf.:

subditis, qui accusatorum nomina sustinerent,

suborned, id. ib. 4, 59:

testamentum,

id. ib. 14, 40:

crimina majestatis,

id. ib. 3, 67:

rumorem,

id. ib. 6, 36 et saep.

sŭbĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3 (sūbĭgĭt, scanned with u long, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106), v. a. [sub-ago], to bring under, get under; bring or get up, or up to any place.

Lit. (mostly poet.):

sues antequam aestus incipiat, subigunt in umbrosum locum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 6:

qui adverso flumine lembum Remigiis subigit,

i. e. rows up stream, Verg. G. 1, 202:

naves ad castellum,

Liv. 26, 7:

classem ad moenia,

Sil. 15, 218:

saxum contra ardua montis,

id. 13, 610:

frondosum apicem ad sidera,

id. 17, 641 et saep.:

celsos sonipedes ocius subigit jugo,

brings under the yoke, Sen. Hippol. 1002.—In mal. part.:

ancillam,

i. e. to lie with, Aus. Epigr. 142; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—

In gen., to turn up from beneath, to break up, dig up, plough, cultivate; to work, knead; to rub down, sharpen, whet; to tame, break (class.;

syn. domo): terram ferro,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45 fin.:

locum subigere oportet bene: ubi erit subactus, areas facito,

to turn over and over, turn up, Cato, R. R. 161, 1: segetes aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 9:

agrum bipalio,

Col. 3, 5, 3:

glebas,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

vomere terram,

Ov. M. 11, 31:

arva,

Verg. G. 1, 125.— Poet.:

ratem conto,

to work, move, Verg. A. 6, 302:

pontum remis,

i. e. to plough, furrow, Val. Fl. 1, 471:

farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre: ubi bene subegeris, defingito,

knead it thoroughly, Cato, R. R. 74; so,

corium pilis,

id. ib. 18, 7: harenam argillae usque ad lentorem, id. ap. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 111:

panem,

Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105:

aliquid oleo,

id. 32, 10, 44, § 126:

digitis opus,

Ov. M. 6, 20:

subigunt in cote secures,

i. e. sharpen, Verg. A. 7, 627:

pressa manu (pecudum) terga,

to rub down, Col. 6, 30, 1:

(beluam) facilem ad subigendum frenat,

easy to be tamed, Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67; cf.

vitulos,

Col. 6, 2, 1:

ubera,

Vulg. Ezech. 23, 3.—

Trop.

To put down, overcome, conquer, subjugate, subject, subdue, etc. (freq. in prose and poetry):

plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium,

Naev. Bell. Pan. Fr. Inc. 7 (p. 18 Vahl.):

Persas, Paphlagonas... subegit solus,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 78: tertiam partem orbis terrarum, Cic. [p. 1777] Rosc. Am. 36, 103:

quos armis subegimus,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

Gallia devicta et subacta,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

urbes atque nationes,

Sall. C. 2, 2:

totam inter Alpes fretumque Italiam armis,

Flor. 1, 26, 9:

Africam,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 14; Just. 30, 3, 9:

poëtae consuetudine subigere aures populi debent,

Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 130:

nos in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 38:

vitulos,

to break in, Col. 6, 2:

bos subactus,

id. 6, 3.— Plur. subst.:

victi ac subacti,

Cic. Font. 16, 36.— Absol.: mors amici subigit, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22.—In mal. part. (cf. signif. I.): Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem, Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 49.—

To bring, incite, impel; to force, compel, constrain to any thing; constr. with ut, ad, or in aliquid; rarely with inf.:

subegi, fenore argentum ab danistā ut sumeret,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 14:

tu me numquam subiges, redditum ut reddam tibi,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 8:

subigor, ut, etc.,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

nec subigi queantur, ut, etc.,

id. Pers. 2, 2, 12:

ut ederet socios, subigi non potuit,

Tac. A. 2, 40:

egestate stipendii ad deditionem subigi,

id. H. 3, 8:

ad deditionem Volscos,

Liv. 6, 2:

hostes ad deditionem,

id. 9, 41; 9, 1:

urbes metu subactae in dicionem,

id. 28, 43:

hostes fame in deditionem,

Curt. 7, 7, 18:

vis subegit verum fateri,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 9:

Tarquiniensem metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,

Liv. 9, 41:

subegit socios ignotae linquere terrae,

Verg. A. 5, 794:

ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit,

Sall. C. 10, 5:

injuria te subegit decernere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 18; cf. Tac. A. 1, 39:

insidiis subactus,

Verg. A. 12, 494.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To cultivate, of the mind; to train, discipline (very rare):

subacto mihi ingenio opus est, ut agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

subacti atque durati bellis,

Liv. 42, 52.

sub-jungo, xi, ctum, 3 ( inf. pass. subjungier, Prud. ap. Symm. 2, 586), v. a., to yoke, harness (rare):

curru subjungere tigres,

Verg. E. 5, 29:

(juvencos) plostro,

Col. 6, 2, 8:

carpento suo equas,

Plin. 11, 49, 109, § 262.—

Transf., in gen.

To join or add to, to annex, affix, subjoin. *

Lit.:

Aeneia puppis... rostro Phrygios subjuncta leones,

having affixed, Verg. A. 10, 157.—

Trop., to bring under, make subject, subordinate, subjoin (class.):

aliquid sub suom judicium,

Naev. 1, 5:

tu fac utrumque uno subjungas nomine eorum,

Lucr. 3, 421:

omnes artes oratori,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

Aristoteles translationi haec ipsa subjungit,

id. Or. 27, 94:

Calliope haec percussis subjungit carmina nervis,

Ov. M. 5, 340:

quod memoriam quidam inventioni, quidam dispositioni subjunxerunt,

have associated, Quint. 3, 3, 10.— Poet. and postAug., of speech, to add, subjoin:

verbo idem verbum,

Quint. 9, 3, 67:

nunc quae sit narrandi ratio subjungam,

id. 4, 2, 31:

subjunxit egregiam causam,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 14: quid praeterea novi? Nihil;

alioqui subjungerem,

id. ib. 3, 14, 6; 5, 7, 4; 5, 14, 3;

7, 33, 7: at ille subjunxit,

Vulg. Gen. 27, 36.—

To bring under, subdue, subject, subjugate (class.):

urbes multas sub imperium populi Romani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 55:

urbes sub vestrum jus,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 98:

nulli fas Italo tantam subjungere gentem,

Verg. A. 8, 502:

novas provincias imperio nostro,

Vell. 2, 39, 3:

et mihi res, non me rebus subjungere conor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 19.—

To lay under (very rare):

immortalia fundamenta rebus,

Lucr. 2, 862.—

To put in the place of, to substitute:

exempta una littera sonitus vastioris et subjuncta levioris,

Gell. 1, 25, 8.

sŭpĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].

Neutr., to go over, to rise above, overtop, surmount.

Lit. (very rare; syn. transcendo): maximo saltu superabit gravidus armatis equus, surmounted, leaped the wall, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.):

sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

ripis superat mihi atque abundat pectus laetitia meum,

id. ib. 2, 1, 6:

jugo superans,

passing over the summit, Verg. A. 11, 514:

superat agger ad auras,

Stat. Th. 4, 458:

(angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis,

Verg. A. 2, 219. —

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To have the upper hand or superiority, to be superior, to overcome, surpass (syn. vinco):

denique nostra superat manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80:

quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40:

numero militum,

Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.:

numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat,

id. 9, 32, 7:

tantum superantibus malis,

id. 3, 16, 4:

sorte,

id. 38, 36, 10:

victor, superans animis,

Verg. A. 5, 473:

hostes equitatu superare,

Nep. Ages. 3, 6:

unde salo superant venti,

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29:

superat sententia Sabini,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31:

si superaverit morbus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—

To exceed, be in excess, be superfluous; to be abundant, to abound (syn. supersum):

in quo et deesse aliquam partem et superare mendosum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

pecunia superabat? at egebas,

id. Or. 67, 224:

uter igitur est divitior? cui deest an cui superat?

id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

quis tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse?

Sall. C. 20, 11:

cui quamquam virtus, gloria... superabant,

id. J. 64, 1:

quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant,

had been too much for, id. ib. 70, 2:

de eo quod ipsis superat,

Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit et emptionibus,

id. Att. 13, 46, 3:

superabat umor in arvis,

Lucr. 5, 804:

superante multitudine,

Liv. 3, 5:

cum otium superat,

id. 3, 17:

num tibi superat superbia?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86:

gentis superant tibi laudes,

Tib. 4, 1, 28:

dum superat gregibus juventas,

Verg. G. 3, 63:

si superant fetus,

id. ib. 1, 189: quam facile tunc sit omnia impedire et quam hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. how exceedingly easy it would have been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—

To be left over, to remain, survive (syn. supersum):

quae superaverint animalia capta, immolant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

quod superaret pecuniae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae arma superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49:

nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

pepulerunt jam paucos superantes,

id. 22, 49, 5:

si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat?

Hor. A. P. 328:

sex superant versus,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57:

pars quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa,

Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20:

superet modo Mantua nobis,

Verg. E. 9, 27: uter eorum vitā superarit, whichever survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

quae superaverint animalia,

id. ib. 6, 17:

quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aurā?

Verg. A. 3, 339:

captae superavimus urbi,

id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7:

quid igitur superat, quod purgemus?

id. 45, 24, 1.—

Act., to go or pass over, rise above; to mount, ascend; to surmount, overtop.

Lit.

In gen.: in altisono Caeli clipeo temo superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas):

tempestas summas ripas fluminis superavit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

ventosum aequor,

Ov. Ib. 591:

fluvium,

Luc. 4, 150:

mare,

Sen. Oet. 128:

pedibus salsas lacunas,

Lucr. 3, 1031:

munitiones,

Liv. 5, 8, 10:

quas (Alpes) nullā dum viā superatas,

id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1;

23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato,

id. 35, 13, 4:

montes,

Verg. G. 3, 270:

Alpes cursu,

Luc. 1, 183:

immensa montium juga,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

Caucasum,

Curt. 7, 3, 22:

hoc jugum,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

fossas,

id. ib. 9, 314:

summi fastigia tecti Ascensu,

id. ib. 2, 303; cf.:

caprae gravido superant vix ubere limen,

id. G. 3, 317:

retia saltu (vulpes),

Ov. M. 7, 767:

tantum itineris,

to traverse, pass over, Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go past or beyond, Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

insidias circa ipsum iter locatas,

Liv. 2, 50, 6:

collocatur in eo turris tabulatorum quae superaret fontis fastigium,

but so as to overtop, command, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:

superat (Parnassus) cacumine nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 317.—

In partic.

Naut. t. t., to sail by or past a place, a promontory, etc.; to double or weather a point, etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.:

Euboeam,

Nep. Them. 3, 3:

cursu Isthmon,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5:

intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi,

Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—

To rise above, exceed in height:

ut alibi umbilico tenus aqua esset, alibi genua vix superaret,

Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: posterior partes superat mensura priores, i. e. exceeds in size, Ov. M. 15, 378.—

Trop., to surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip in any quality, in value, etc.

In gen.:

non potest quaestus consistere, si eum sumptus superat,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74:

ne sumptus fructum superet,

Varr. R. R. 1, 53:

qui omnes homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3:

virtute, laude, dignitate,

Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.:

aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari,

id. Lael. 3, 11:

omnes homines constantiā et gravitate,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 16:

doctrinā Graecia nos et omni litterarum genere superabat,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. §

4: aliquem nobilitate,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 56:

Phoebum superare canendo,

Verg. E. 5, 9:

omnes scelere,

Liv. 29, 8:

aliquem dignitate vitae,

Nep. Alcib. 11, 2:

aliquem ingenio, id. Dion, 4, 1: duritiā ferrum,

Ov. H. 2, 137:

vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

omnes in ceteris artibus,

Nep. Epam. 2, 2:

summam spem civium incredibili virtute,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam multi nuntii, fama denique esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura,

will outstrip, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—

In partic., in milit. lang., to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish (syn. debello):

victis hostibus, quos nemo posse superari ratu'st,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24:

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

maximas nationes,

id. ib. 3, 28;

2, 24: quos integros superavissent,

id. B. C. 2, 5:

bello superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo,

id. B. G. 1, 45:

si Helvetios superaverint Romani,

id. ib. 1, 17:

Massilienses bis proelio navali superati,

id. B. C. 2, 22:

clam ferro incautum superat,

Verg. A. 1, 350:

bello superatus,

Ov. M. 12, 364:

Asiam bello,

Nep. Ages. 4, 3:

tota insula in unā urbe superata est,

Flor. 2, 6.—

Transf., in gen.: quem (C. Curium) nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.):

in quo (genere officii) etiam si multi mecum contendent, omnes facile superabo,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

si erum videt superare amorem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7:

hanc (orationem) assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

injurias fortunae facile veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

pareatur necessitati, quam ne dii quidem superant,

which even the gods are not above, not superior to, Liv. 9, 4, 16:

casus omnes,

Verg. A. 11, 244:

superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est,

id. ib. 5, 710:

labores,

id. ib. 3, 368:

difficultates omnes,

Vell. 2, 120, 4:

cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer,

Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a.

Rising high, prominent, high, lofty:

mons superantissimus,

Sol. 2 med. —

Prevailing, predominant:

superantior ignis,

Lucr. 5, 394.

vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

Lit.

In war or battle:

jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

Galliam bello,

Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:

non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,

id. ib. 7, 29:

id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:

vicimus vi feroces,

id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:

L. milia,

to win at play, August. ib. 71.—

In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:

vincere judicio,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:

quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:

causam suam,

to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:

factum est: ventum est: vincimur,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—

In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:

sponsione,

Cic. Quint. 27, 84:

sponsionem,

id. Caecin. 31, 91:

vicit iter durum pietas,

controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:

labor omnia vicit,

Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.

difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,

to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:

vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,

Sall. J. 16, 1:

factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,

Liv. 2, 30, 2:

cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,

id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:

competitorem in suffragiis,

Quint. 7, 1, 29.—

Transf., of inanimate subjects.

To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:

(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,

Verg. A. 9, 92:

victa ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:

flammam gurgitibus,

id. Am. 3, 6, 42:

noctem flammis,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

vincunt aequora navitae,

prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:

victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,

Ov. F. 1, 222:

quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,

id. ib. 1, 676:

corpora victa sopore,

id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:

blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,

id. ib. 3, 19:

hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,

Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:

campum turbā vincente,

overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—

To outlast, survive:

(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,

Verg. G. 2, 295:

vivendo mea fata,

id. A. 11, 160.—

To surmount, scale:

aëra (sagittae),

Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:

montes ascensu,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—

To reduce, change, etc.;

of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,

Verg. G. 3, 560:

cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,

Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:

metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,

Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:

nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,

Ov. F. 2, 220.—

Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,

Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—

Trop.

In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:

argumentis vincit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:

naturam studio,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43:

vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;

hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

animum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

eludet, ubi te victum senserit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?

id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

peccavi, fateor, vincor,

id. ib. 4, 1, 31:

victus patris precibus lacrimisque,

Liv. 23, 8, 4:

divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

est qui vinci possit,

id. S. 1, 9, 55:

pietas Victa furore,

id. C. 3, 27, 36:

victus amore pudor,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:

filia victa in lacrimas,

Tac. A. 1, 57:

victus animi respexit,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,

Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:

ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,

am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—

In partic.

To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:

stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

exspectationem omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:

morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:

quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,

Hor. Epod. 11, 24:

odio qui posset vincere Regem,

id. S. 1, 7, 6:

scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,

id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—

To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.

With obj.-clause:

quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:

profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,

id. Most. 1, 2, 12:

vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,

Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:

vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—

With ut:

nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—

Absol.:

si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,

Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—

With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,

Vicimus:

cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:

rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,

Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;

mecum mea vota feruntur,

Ov. M. 6, 513:

vicimus et meus est,

id. ib. 4, 356.—

Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:

vincite, si ita vultis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:

vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,

Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:

viceris,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—

To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:

vincere verbis,

Lucr. 5, 733.