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81 λᾶας
Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆uerā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,64-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾶας
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82 ἀμιχθαλόεσσα
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `rich in almonds', epithet of Lemnos (Ω 753)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Call. Fr. 18, 8 has ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν... ἠέρα, so he connects ὀμίχλη, which is quite impossible (e.g. ὀ- represents * h₃-). Scholion BT on Ω 753 gives = εὑδαίμων, which is no more than a non-committal guess (Lagercrantz IF 50, 1932, 277-80 *ἀμικτο-θαλοεσσα, a construct that would hardly have been syncopated to our form). The ancient interpretation ἀπρόσμικτος `inhospitable' does not explain the form of the word. The connection with Goth. maihstus `mist' has the objection that the word is not known in Greek. Discussion in Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 A. 8, and 273, who accepts the solution of Doederlein, which identifies the form with ἀμύγδαλον `almond'. This explanation fits well and gives no difficulties for the formation. The variation may be confirmed by ἄμυκτο γλυκύ οἱ δε ἄμικτον H. (and ἀμυκλίς γλυκύς, ἡδύς H.; for κτ\/κλ cf. ἀράκτη \/ ἄροκλον etc.). See Fur. 140, 388.Page in Frisk: 1,93Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμιχθαλόεσσα
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83 κήρυξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `herald, messenger'; also `trumpet-shell` (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. karuke \/kārūkes\/.Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in δρομο-κήρυξ `courier' (Aeschin.).Derivatives: 1. Feminine: κηρύκαινα `heraldess' (Ar. Ek. 713; moment. formation, cf. Chantraine Formation 108); 2. Patronymic: Κηρυκίδαι m. `descendants of the Athenian family of the Κήρυκες' (Poll.). 3. Adjectives: κηρύκειος `belonging to the herald' (S.), mostly ntr. κηρύκ(ε)ιον, Dor. κᾱρ-, Ion. κηρυκήϊον `herald's wand' (IA. Dor.; Lat. LW [loanword] cādūceum, - eus; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.), also as constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 200); `auctioneer's fee, tax on auction sales' (hell. inscr. a. pap.); ΚαρυκήϜιος Boeot. name of Apollon (Tanagra, Thebes, VIa; Schwyzer 468); κηρυκικός `regarding the herald, town crier' (Pl.; Chantraine Étud. sur le vocab. gr. 135f.), - ινος `belonging to the herald' (pap., Suid.), - ώδης `like the trumpetshell' (Arist.). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κηρύσσω, - ύττω, κᾱρ- `be herald, broadcast, announce' (Il.) with κήρυγμα `herald's cry, announcement' (IA.), κηρυγμός (sch.), κήρυξις (D. C.) `id.'; 2. κηρυκεύω `function as herald, announce' (Att.) with κηρυκεία, - ηΐη `herald's service' (IA.), κηρύκευμα `announcement' (A. Th. 651), - ευσις `id.' (Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally compared with Skt. kārú- `singer, poet'. Beekes, Languages in Prehist. Europe, 2003, 109-116 showed that Greek does not have a `enlargement' κ (as per Schwyzer 496; his examples are few and doubtful); then, in this way we could not explain the long υ; words with -ῡκ- all have very different meanings and are probably un-IE. Therefore the word is most probably Pre-Greek. - Unexplained was the gloss κορύγης κῆρυξ. Δωριεῖς H. As Pre-Greek only had the vowels α (ι, υ), it will have had *καρυγ- with α \> ο before following υ (note that this α will have been short), so it will be a variant of the same word.Page in Frisk: 1,845Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κήρυξ
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84 σίλβη
Grammatical information: f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Resembles strikingly to Hitt. šiluḫa- `a kind of cake' (Neumann Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 98), but I cannot explain the β; a loan or a Pre-Greek word seems obvious (seen the meaning).Page in Frisk: 2,705Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σίλβη
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85 ἑψία
ἑψία, - ίηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `joy, play' (S. Fr. 3, Nic. Th. 880);Other forms: Also ἀψίαι ἑορταί. Λάκωνες H.; ψιά H., ψιάδδειν = παίζειν (Ar.). Perhaps ψίνθος τέρψις H.Compounds: as 2. member in φιλ-έψιος (Com.), ὁμ-έψιος (AP). Also n. pl. ἕψεια παίγνια H., ἕψια (EM). Postverbal from ἑψιάομαι, - άσασθαι, also with ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ-, `(en)joy, play' (Od.; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 46f.).Derivatives: Also, through loss of the anlauting vowel (Strömberg Wortstudien 45), ψιάδδειν = παίζειν (Ar. Lys. 1302 [lyr.], H.), ψιά χαρά, γελοίασμα, παίγνια H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like the "verbs of disease" in - ιάω (Schwyzer 732); further unclear. Obsolete hypotheses in Bq. - Note the variations: ἐ-, ἑ- ἀ, stress on first or second syllable and ψιά H., ψιάδδειν; the word will be Pre-Greek (Fur. 139, 352, 376). - Meier-Brügger, MSS 50 (1989) assumes a noun * sengʷʰ- ti- `singing', with *῎῎ἔψις from *εμψις; one asks why *ἕμψις was not retained; it does not explain the variations; also there is no reason to assume that the word primarily referred to music.Page in Frisk: 1,604Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑψία
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86 σπέλεθος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `dung' (Ar. Ek. 595).Compounds: ὑ-σπέλεθος `pig's dung' (D.C. 46, 5, Poll. 5, 91), πελεθο-βάψ m. f. `who washes away ordure' (Hdn. Gr. 1, 246, 12; H.).Derivatives: Beside it σπέλληξι σπελέθοις, πελλία σπέλεθοι H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: For the final syllable cf. σπύραθος, ὄνθος; on the anlaut Schwyzer 334. Vulgar word of unclear origin. Connection with IE * sp(h)el- `split' in σπολάς, ( ἀ)σπάλαξ a. o. is perh. on itself possible; cf. e.g. NHG scheißen prop. *'separate, divide, disjoin' to σχίζω `split'. - The variation shows a Pre-Greek word. (If this had the form (s)pely- it would explain the e's.)Page in Frisk: 2,763Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπέλεθος
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87 αἴγλη 1
αἴγλη 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `gleam, radiance' (Il.)Derivatives: αἰγλήεις `id.' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The connection with Skt. éjati `to move, tremble' (cf. αἰγανέη), e.g. Thumb IF I4, 343f. is rightly rejected by DELG. - The epithets Άπόλλων Άσγελάτας (Anaphe) and Άπόλλων Αἰγλάτας (Anaphe, Thera) are often compared, but I think they are unrelated. It is impossible to explain the form of a `normal' noun from a word showing a variation αἰγλ- \/ ἀσγ(ε)λ-; this variation looks very much like those of Pre-Greek words, and the epithet, of which the meaning is unknown, may well be of Pre-Greek origin; but there is no evidence that the noun is of the same origin. The noun may be of Pre-Greek origin - it has no etymology - but that must not be the same oigin as the epithet. For the epithet see with the names.Page in Frisk: 1,32Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴγλη 1
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88 αἴγλη 2
αἴγλη 2.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ring' (glosses).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The connection with Skt. éjati `to move, tremble' (cf. αἰγανέη), e.g. Thumb IF I4, 343f. is rightly rejected by DELG. - The epithets Άπόλλων Άσγελάτας (Anaphe) and Άπόλλων Αἰγλάτας (Anaphe, Thera) are often compared, but I think they are unrelated. It is impossible to explain the form of a `normal' noun from a word showing a variation αἰγλ- \/ ἀσγ(ε)λ-; this variation looks very much like those of Pre-Greek words, and the epithet, of which the meaning is unknown, may well be of Pre-Greek origin; but there is no evidence that the noun is of the same origin. The noun may be of Pre-Greek origin - it has no etymology - but that must not be the same origin as the epithet. For the epithet see with the names.Page in Frisk: 1,32-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴγλη 2
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89 ἐριθάκη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bee-bread' (a kind of wax) (Arist. Varr. Plin.); Hesychius comments: ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν μελισσῶν παρατιθεμένη τροφή καὶ τὸ ἐγκοίλιον τῶν ἰχθύων τῶν μαλακῶν καὶ τὰ τῶν ὑῶν ἔμβρυα. I add the comment of DELG: "The gloss gives two informations: on the one hand the meaning `interior of the crustacaeans' which arose from the resemblance between the two materials explains the adjective ἐριθακώδης (`full of ἐριθάκη'), epithet of γραῖαι (`crabs') (Épich. 61); on the other hand, it appears that the `bee-bread' was - wrongly - considered as food of the bees [in reality they use it to close openings in the walls of the bee-hive], which would explain the connection with ἔριθος, cf. s.u." The latter remark is not very clear to me; perhaps Chantraine refers to the fact that ἐριθακίς means `worker-bee'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Acc. to Nehring Gl. 14 (1925) 183 Pre-Greek. On the connection with ἔριθος see above.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐριθάκη
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90 μάρτυς
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `witness' (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) `martyr, (blood-witness)' (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. μάρτυρ, Cret. Epid. μαῖτυς (- ρς), - ρος, acc. also μάρτυν (Simon.), dat. pl. μάρτυσι (- ρσι Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. μάρτυρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι `call as witness' (inscr., pap.), ψευδό-μαρτυς `false witness' (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), ἐπί-μαρτυς `witness' (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι, - ρέω; on supposed ἐπιμάρτυρος (for ἔπι μάρτυρος) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.Derivatives: μαρτυρία (λ 325; cf. below on μαρτυρέω), μαρτύριον (IA) `testimony, evidence'. Denominatives: 1. μαρτύρομαι, also wiht prefix, e.g. δια-, ἐπι-, `call as witness' (IA); 2. μαρτυρέω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, δια-, κατα-, συν-, `testify, bear witness' (Alc., Pi., IA) with μαρτύρημα (E.), ( ἀντι-, κατα-)-μαρτύρησις (Epicur., pap.) `testimony', also ( δια-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συμ-) μαρτυρία `id.' (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun *μάρ-τυ- `testimony', seen in μάρ-τυς, - τυν, - τυσι; cf. below. The change from abstract `testimony' to appellative `witness' is attested more often, e.g. Fr. témoin \< Lat. testimonium, Engl. witness orig. `testimony', then `witness'. The suffix ρο- gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival μάρτυ-ρος. A compromise with μάρτυς gave perhaps the consonantstem μάρτυρ-; note esp. the gen. pl. μαρτύρων ( ἐναντίον μαρτύρων etc.), which can be both from the o-stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in μαῖτυ(ρ)ς (\< *μάρτυρ-ς); μάρτυσι and μάρτυς can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade τυ-derivation μάρτυς may belong to a verb for `remember', which may be found in Skt. smárati and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. μέριμνα (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *mr̥t-tur prop. `seizing death' (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.Page in Frisk: 2,178-179Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρτυς
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91 разъяснять
разъяснить (вн. дт.)explain (d. to); (о законе, постановлении) interpret (d. to)разъяснять кому-л. задачу, значение слова — explain the problem, the meaning of the word to smb.
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92 разъяснять
несов. - разъясня́ть, сов. - разъясни́ть(вн. дт.) explain (d to); (закон, правило) interpret (d to)разъясня́ть кому́-л зада́чу [значе́ние сло́ва] — explain the problem [the meaning of the word] to smb
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93 αὐχήν
αὐχήν, - ένοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `neck, throat; isthmus' (Il.).Other forms: Aeol. acc. ἄμφενα (Theoc. 30. 28). αὔφην in Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3, 16 is very doubtful, cf. Solmsen, Wortforsch. 118 n. 2. ἄμφην· αὐχήν, τράχηλος H.; also ἀμφήν· αὐλήν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On ἄμφην beside αὐχήν see Pisani, RiLi 1 (1950) 182f. Schwyzer 296 assumed for ἄμφην *ἀγχϜ-ήν, connecting Skt. aṃhú- `narrow' etc. (s. ἄγχω), which with anticipation of the labial would have given αὐχήν. This is an improbable construction, the process unparallelled. One connects Arm. awji-k` (pl.) `neck', but the connection is quite difficult, Clackson 1994, 107ff. - The variants cannot be explained as Greek or IE, so the word will come from the substr. Variation labial\/velar is rare (Fur. 388, φωριαμός \/ χ.; but cf. γέφυρα \/ βέφυρα); also α\/αυ is rare; m\/w occurs mostly before n or intervocalic (Fur. 242 - 247). Therefore I think we must compare the type δάφνη \/ δαυχνα-, which Furnée 229 - 233 explains as showing variation labial\/w. I think that these forms had a labio-velar, gʷ, which either gave φ (in Aeolic) or - υχ- with anticipation of the labial element (Beekes Pre-Greek). Thus we have *ἀφ-ην\/ αὐ-χήν; ἄμφ-ην then has the well-known prenasalisation. Whatever the exact development, it is clear that substr. origin, and only that, can explain the variants. The Armenian form does not prove IE origin, as it can be a loan from an Anatolian language, cf. γέφυρα - kamurǰ (Beekes, Glotta 2003?).Page in Frisk: 1,192Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐχήν
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94 μάρη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hand' (Pi. Fr. 310).Derivatives: εὑμαρής with εὑμάρεια, s. v.; quite uncertain μάρις, - εως m. name of a measure for liquids, = 6 κοτύλαι (Arist., Poll.), = 10 χόες (Polyaen.), with the dimin. μάριον (pap.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Gr. μάρη and Lat. manus could be explained as representative of a heteroclitic r-n-stem. Derivatives of the n-stem are found in Germ., e.g. OWNo. mund f. `hand' (IE *mn̥-t-) and in Celt., Corn. manal (\< * manatlo-) `sheaf'; compare also the Hitt. denominative manii̯ah̯h̯- `hand over, give, govern etc.' (Pedersen Hittitisch $83). A deriv. of the r-stem has been supposed in Alb. mārr (\< * marnō) `hold, take'. So Greek and Albanian agree as opposed to the western languages (including Hittite), cf. Porzig Gliederung 178. Further s. W.-Hofmann s. manus; also WP. 2, 272, Pok. 740. But see Forssman, Untersuchungen 135-140, who doubts the meaning of the word. Blanc, RPh. 70(1996)?? supposes that the form was coined to explain εὐμαρής. Schrijver, Laryngeals 458 rejects an r\/n-stem, as this would suppose a root m- which is impossible in PIE. -- Cf. on χείρ.Page in Frisk: 2,175Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρη
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95 μιαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stain, soil, defile, esp. defile through bloodcrime'.Other forms: aor. μιᾶναι, μιῆναι, pass. μιανθῆναι (Il.), fut. μιανῶ (Cyrene, Antipho), pass. fut. a. perf. μιανθήσομαι, μεμίασμαι (Att.), act. perf. μεμίαγκα (Plu.), pass. aor. subj. 3. sg. μιᾳ̃ w. fut. μιασεῖ (Cyrene; Schwyzer 743 w. n. 9 a. 786),Compounds: Rarely w. prefix as ἐκ-, κατα- συν-. Comp. μιαι-φόνος `committing a defiling murther, stained by murther', adjunct of Ares (in E und Φ, B., Hdt., E.; μιη-φόνος Archil.) with - έω (Att.), - ία (D., D. S., Plu.). -- Isolated are w. χ-suffix (Schwyzer 498, Chantraine Form. 403f.) the expressive μίαχος μίασμα, μιαχρόν \<οὑ?\> καθαρόν H.Derivatives: μίασμα n. `defilement, abomination, horrible stain' (IA; on the formation etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 241), μιασμός m. `defilement' (LXX, Plu.), μίανσις f. `id.' (LXX); μιάστωρ m. `defiler, avenging ghost, avenger' (trag., late prose; - σ- as in μίασμα, cf. also ἀλάστωρ and Schwyzer 531; unnecessary objections in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 24); μιάντης m. `id.' (EM), ἀ-μίαν-τος `unstained' (Thgn., Pi.), w. des. of a stone = asbestos (Arist., Plin., Dsc.). -- Beside μιαρός (Il.), μιερός (Call.) `defiled, soilt, polluted, esp. through bloodcrime' with μιαρ-ία (Att.), - ότης (An. Ox.).Etymology: "With the r-n-change - αίνω: - αρός, μιαίνω: μιαρός ( ἰαίνω: ἱερός?; s. Fraenkel Glotta 20, 92 f. with Debrunner IF 21, 32 a. 43) follow a wellknown scheme" says Frisk; a certain non-Greek agreement is however not known; but r\/n after a is hard to explain as IE. Improbable or quite uncertain hypotheses: to Skt. mū́tram n. `urine', Av. mūÞra- n. `impureness' (Fick GGA 1881, 1427; agreeing Bechtel Lex. 227; in vowel deviating); to Lith. máiva `marsh-bottom', miẽlės `yeast', Germ., e.g. OHG meil(a) `stain, blemish' (Persson Beitr. 1, 221; the last with Grienberger and Wiedemann), to which after H. Petersson Heteroklisie 180 ff. (w. further uncertain combinations) also Arm. mic, gen. mc-i `dirt, mud' (IE *miǵ-). -- The 1. member in μιαι-φόνος is prob. as in ταλαί-πωρος to be taken as verbal (" ὁ μιαίνων φόνῳ"); beside it μιη-φόνος like Άλθη- beside Άλθαι-μένης [but this remains unexplained]; a long syllable was metr. needed. Details in Schwyzer 448. A subst. *μι(Ϝ)ᾱ, esp. with a supp. loc. μιαι- (Persson Stud. 155, Bechtel Lex. s.v. a. Dial. 3, 118f.) is not credible. -- WP. 2, 243 w. more forms, Pok. 697, Fraenkel Wb. s. máiva. - Blanc, BSL 96(2001)153-179 tries to connect Goth. bi-smeitan `besmear, strike', bur there is no certain evidence for s- in Greek, which would have unlengthened * smei-; the development of the meaning in Germanic is difficult. If there is no etymology, the word will rather be Pre-Greek. Did it have *mya(n)-, with palatal *m-? We know that an \/a\/ could be pronounced as [e] after a palatalized consonant; so here we may have the origin of the ε\/α- alternation in Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,235-236Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιαίνω
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96 Άσκληπιός
Grammatical information: PN m.Meaning: hero, later god of medicine (Il.)Dialectal forms: Dor. -ᾱπιός; Αἰσκλαπιός (Epid. a. Troiz.), Άσχλαπιός (Boeot.), Αἰσχλαπιός Άσκαλαπιός (Thess.), Άσκαλπιός (Gort.), Αἰσχλαβιός (bronze figure from Bologna with Corinthian letters; s. Kretschmer Glotta 30, 116), ᾽Αγλαπιός Lac., Αἰγλαπιός.Derivatives: ἀσκληπιάς f. name of a plant (Dsc; s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 99).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. H. Grégoire (with R. Goossens and M. Mathieu) in Asklèpios, Apollon Smintheus et Rudra 1949 (Mém. Acad. Roy. de Belgique. Cl. d. lettres. 2. sér. 45), explains the name as `the mole-hero', connecting σκάλοψ, ἀσπάλαξ `mole' and refers to the resemblance of the Tholos in Epidauros and the building of a mole. (Thus Puhvel, Comp. Mythol.1987, 135.) But the variants of Asklepios and those of the word for `mole' do not agree. - The name is typical for Pre-Greek words; apart from minor variations (β for π, αλ(α) for λα) we find α\/αι (a well known variation; Fur. 335 - 339) followed by - γλαπ- or - σκλαπ-\/- σχλαπ\/β-, i.e. a voiced velar (without - σ-) or a voiceless velar (or an aspirated one: we know that there was no distinction between the three in the substr. language) with a - σ-. I think that the - σ- renders an original affricate, which (prob. as δ) was lost before the - γ- (in Greek the group - σγ- is rare, and certainly before another consonant); this affricate will have been palatal (i.e. cy), of which the palatal character was (sometimes) expressed with a (preceding, or following) ι, for which see on ἐξαίφνης, ἐξαπίνης and πινυτός \/ πνυτός. S. Beekes Pre-Greek. - Szemerényi's etymology ( JHS 94, 1974, 155) from Hitt. assula(a)- `well-being' and piya- `give' cannot be correct, as it does not explain the velar.Page in Frisk: 1,164-165Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άσκληπιός
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97 ἅλιος
ἅλιος -α, - ονGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `fruitless, idle'; adv. `in vain' (Hom.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The connection with ἠλίθιος, ἠλάσκω, and further to ἀλάομαι is correctly rejected by DELG; it does not explain the spiritus asper. There are no traces of Ϝ-, cf. Sommer Lautst. 98. Schwyzer 461 A. 5 points to the expression εἰς ὕδωρ γράφειν suggesting the word belongs to ἅλς. DELG supports this by remarking that the word is often used of βέλος, evoking an arrow that misses its target and falls in the sea; but why would it fall in the sea? - Old disappearing term, replaced by μάταιος. S. also Snell FS Von Mercklin 172f.Page in Frisk: 1,74Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλιος
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98 κορίαννον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `coriander, Coriandrum sativum'; also κορίανδρον (Gloss.), dissimilated κολίανδρον (Gp., Sch.); κορίαμβλον (H.); (Anakr., Kom., Thphr.)Other forms: shortened κόριον (Hp., Nic., pap.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mediterranean. The Form - ανδρον is prob. folketymological, as is - αμβλον (after ἀμβλύς?); the short form κόριον with allusion to κόρις `bug' (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 61?; because of the stench?). Cf. Hatzidakis Glotta 2, 297f. Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 674 points to the comparison with Akkad. huri'ānu `id.'; but this does not explain the Myc. -d-. The Myc. - dn- points to a Pre-Greek word. (I doubt about the folk-etym. supposed by Frisk.)Page in Frisk: 1,922Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορίαννον
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99 μύρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `sweet-smelling oil, salve, perfume' (Archil., Lesb. lyric, IA.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. μυρο-πώλης `salve-handler' (Att.). μυρ-εψός m. `salven-preparer' (Critias, Arist.; FraenkeI Nom. ag. 2, 112 f.).Derivatives: 1. Subst. diminut.: μυρ-ίδιον (Ar.), - άφιον (Arr.); μυρίς f. `salve-box' (Poll.; cf. σπυρίς), also = μυρρίς (Thphr.), s. μύρρα; μύρωμα n. = μύρον (Ar. Ek. 1117 [pl.], beside μεμύρωμαι, but perh. directly from μύρον, cf. Chantraine Form. 186 f.); μυρίνης ( οἶνος, hell., com., Ael.; besides μυρρίνης, s. μύρρα a. μύρτος). -- 2. Adj. μυρ-ηρός `belonging to μύρον' (A., Ar.; like ἐλαιηρός), - όεις `full of salves, smelling like salves' (A P, Man.), - ώδης `salve-like' (sch.). -- 3. Verbs. μυρίζω (IA.), σμυρίζω (Archil.) `salve, perfume'; μυρόομαι `be salved, perfumed' (Ar. Ek. 1117 [v. l. μεμύρισμαι]).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As a clear culture-word μύρον can well be a loan (so Chantraine Form. 16). Since Fick and Curtius (s. Bq) it is usually (though with a certain reserve, WP. 2, 690) as IE σμύρις `emery-powder' connected with a Germ.-Celt. word for `smear, fat etc.', e.g. OHG smero ' Schmer', OIr. smi(u)r `marrow' (also Lat. medulla?); but this does not explain the Greek -u-; cf. μύραινα [which is a Pre-Greek word]. The isolated σμυρίζω `anoint' can, if not old, rest upon association with σμύρις, σμύρνα. --Page in Frisk: 2,273Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύρον
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100 πράσον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `leek, Allium porrum', also of a kind of seaweed like leek (com., Thphr.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πρασο-ειδής `leek-like', from the colour (Hp., Arist.), θαλασσό-πρασον n. of a seaweed (Ath. Mech.).Derivatives: 1. πράσ-ιος (Pl.), - ινος (Arist., LXX), - ιανός (M. Ant.), - ώδης (Thphr.) `leek-colour, blue-green' (Capelle RhM 101, 35); 2. - ῖτις f. n. of a stone, after the colour (Thphr.; Redard 59f.); 3. - ιον n. plant-name `horehound, Marrubium etc.' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.; Andrews ClassPhil. 56, 76); from this πρασίτης οἶνος? (v.l. in Dsc. 5, 48; Redard 98); 4. πρασιά, Ion. - ιή, mostly pl. - ιαί, f. `garden-bed', prop. "leek-bed" (Od., hell.), pl. att. Demos and town in Laconia (Th.), with - ιάζομαι, - ιόομαι `to be divided in beds' (Aq.); Scheller Oxytonierung 67; 5. πρασίζω `to be leek-coloured' (Dsc.); 6. Πρασσαῖος m. nickname of a frog (Batr.; - σσ- hypocoristic; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The traditional identification with Lat. porrum (since Fick and Curtius) would lead to IE *pr̥som; the remarkable maintenance of the - σ- reminds of δασύς (s.v. w. lit.) beside Lat. densus. For a loan from a common source (Schwyzer 58) factual considerations can be adduced; cf. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 710ff., to this Vycichl Sprache 9, 21 f. (Anatol.-Sum.[?]). Further lit. w. other hypotheses (to be rejected) in WP. 2, 84, Walde LEW2 and W. -Hofmann s. porrum. -- If the word is Pre-Greek, this may explain the - σ- (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,589Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πράσον
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