-
41 accedo
ac-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. ( perf. sync., accēstis, Verg. A. 1, 201), to go or come to or near, to approach (class.).I.Lit.A. (α).With ad:(β).accedam ad hominem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 14; so,ad aedīs,
id. Amph. 1, 1, 108:ad flammam,
Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 103:omnīs ad aras,
to beset every altar, Lucr. 5, 1199:ad oppidum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:ad ludos,
Cic. Pis. 27, 65:ad Caesarem supplex,
id. Fam. 4, 4, 3: ad manum, to come to their hands (of fishes), id. Att. 2, 1, 7:ad Aquinum,
id. Phil. 2, 41, 106; so,ad Heracleam,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129.— Impers.:ad eas (oleas) cum accederetur,
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.—With in:(γ).ne in aedīs accederes,
Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:in senatum,
id. Att. 7, 4, 1:in Macedoniam,
id. Phil. 10, 6:in funus aliorum,
to join a funeral procession, id. Leg. 2, 26, 66 al. —With local adv.:(δ).eodem pacto, quo huc accessi, abscessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 84:illo,
Cic. Caecin. 16, 46:quo,
Sall. J. 14, 17.—With acc. (so, except the names of localities, only in poets and historians, but not in Caesar and Livy):(ε).juvat integros accedere fontīs atque haurire,
Lucr. 1, 927, and 4, 2:Scyllaeam rabiem scopulosque,
Verg. A. 1, 201:Sicanios portus,
Sil. 14, 3; cf. id. 6, 604:Africam,
Nep. Hann. 8:aliquem,
Sall. J. 18, 9; 62, 1; Tac. H. 3, 24:classis Ostia cum magno commeatu accessit,
Liv. 22, 37, 1:Carthaginem,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3.—With dat. ( poet.):* (ζ).delubris,
Ov. M. 15, 745:silvis,
id. ib. 5, 674: caelo (i. e. to become a god), id. ib. 15, 818, and 870.—With inf.:(η).dum constanter accedo decerpere (rosas),
App. M. 4, p. 143 med. —Absol.:B.accedam atque hanc appellabo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 17:deici nullo modo potuisse qui non accesserit,
Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:accessit propius,
ib. 8, 22:quoties voluit blandis accedere dictis,
Ov. M. 3, 375 al. — Impers.: non potis accedi, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 17 ed. Vahl.):quod eā proxime accedi poterat,
Cic. Caecin. 8, 21.In partic.1.To approach a thing in a hostilemanner (like aggredior, adorior), to attack:2.acie instructa usque ad castra hostium accessit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51:sese propediem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum,
Sall. C. 32 fin.:ad manum,
to fight hand to hand, to engage in close combat, Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30, 12:ad corpus alicujus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2: Atque accedit muros Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 29 (Ann. v. 527 ed. Vahl.): hostīs accedere ventis navibus velivolis, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5 (Ann. v. 380 ib.);and, in malam part.,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 22.—Mercant. t. t.:3.accedere ad hastam,
to attend an auction, Nep. Att. 6, 3; Liv. 43, 16, 2.—In late Lat.: ad manus (different from ad manum, B. 1), to be admitted to kiss hands, Capit. Maxim. 5.II.Fig.A.In gen., to come near to, to approach:B.haud invito ad aurīs sermo mi accessit,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 32; so,clemens quidam sonus aurīs ejus accedit,
App. M. 5, p. 160:si somnus non accessit,
Cels. 3, 18; cf.:febris accedit,
id. 3, 3 sq.:ubi accedent anni,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 85; cf.:accedente senectā,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 211.In partic.1.To come to or upon one, to happen to, to befall (a meaning in which it approaches so near to accĭdo that in many passages it has been proposed to change it to the latter; cf. Ruhnk. Rut. Lup. 1, p. 3; 2, p. 96; Dictat. in Ter. p. 222 and 225); constr. with ad or (more usually) with dat.:2.voluntas vostra si ad poëtam accesserit,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 29:num tibi stultitia accessit?
have you become a fool? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77:paulum vobis accessit pecuniae,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56:dolor accessit bonis viris, virtus non est imminuta,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9:quo plus sibi aetatis accederet,
id. de Or. 1, 60, 254 al.With the accessory idea of increase, to be added = addi; constr. with ad or dat.: primum facie (i. e. faciei) quod honestas accedit, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 14; so ap. Non. 35, 20:3.ad virtutis summam accedere nihil potest,
Cic. Fin. 4, 24:Cassio animus accessit,
id. Att. 5, 20; 7, 3; id. Clu. 60 al.:pretium agris,
the price increases, advances, Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 1.— Absol.:plura accedere debent,
Lucr. 2, 1129:accedit mors,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 60; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73:quae jacerent in tenebris omnia, nisi litterarum lumen accederet,
id. Arch. 6, 14 (so, not accenderet, is to be read).—If a new thought is to be added, it is expressed by accedit with quod ( add to this, that, etc.) when it implies a logical reason, but with ut ( beside this, it happens that, or it occurs that) when it implies an historical fact (cf. Zumpt, §621 and 626): accedit enim, quod patrem amo,
Cic. Att. 13, 21: so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Att. 1, 92 al.; Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 4, 16; Sall. C. 11, 5;on the other hand: huc accedit uti, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 192, 215, 265 al.:ad App. Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,
Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; so id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Deiot. 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; 5, 16 al. When several new ideas are added, they are introduced by res in the plur.: cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent: quod per fines Sequanorum Helvetios transduxisset; quod obsides inter eos dandos curāsset;quod ea omnia, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 19. Sometimes the historical idea follows accedit, without ut:ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam: haec Andria... gravida e Pamphilo est,
Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 11:accedit illud: si maneo... cadendum est in unius potestatem,
Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.To give assent to, accede to, assent to, to agree with, to approve of; constr. with ad or dat. (with persons only, with dat.):4.accessit animus ad meam sententiam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69; Nep. Milt. 3, 5:Galba speciosiora suadentibus accessit,
Tac. H. 1, 34; so Quint. 9, 4, 2 al.To come near to in resemblance, to resemble, be like; with ad or dat. (the latter most freq., esp. after Cic.):5.homines ad Deos nulla re propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando,
Cic. Lig. 12:Antonio Philippus proximus accedebat,
id. Brut. 147; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 3; id. de Or. 1, 62, 263; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36 al.To enter upon, to undertake; constr. with ad or in:in eandem infamiam,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 84:ad bellorum pericula,
Cic. Balb. 10:ad poenam,
to undertake the infliction of punishment, id. Off. 1, 25, 89:ad amicitiam Caesaris,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48:ad vectiǵalia,
to undertake their collection as contractor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42:ad causam,
the direction of a lawsuit, id. ib. 2, 2, 38; id. de Or. 1, 38, 175 al. But esp.:ad rem publicam,
to enter upon the service of the state, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. Rosc. Am. 1 al.,‡ -
42 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
43 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
44 inflecto
I.Lit.:B.cum ferrum se inflexisset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:bacillum,
Cic. Div. 1, 17:capillum leniter,
Suet. Aug. 79. —Mid.:sinus ad urbem inflectitur,
bends itself, curves round, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:montes inflexi theatrali modo,
Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 30:nullum cursus sui vestigium,
to turn aside, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49.—In partic.1.To change, alter, modulate, mitigate a tone:2.voces cantu,
Tib. 1, 8, 37:vox inflexa,
a plaintive tone, Cic. Or. 17 fin.; Mart. Cap. 3, § 268 sqq.—In gram., to mark or pronounce with a circumflex accent, Arn. 1, p. 44; cf.:II.agite, equi, facitote sonitus ungularum appareat: Cursu celeri facite inflexa sit pedum pernicitas,
i.e. beat quick time with your feet, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 113.— -
45 R
R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.I.The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —II.In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —III.R is assimilated,a.Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —b.Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —IV.R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —V.As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.). -
46 r
R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.I.The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —II.In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —III.R is assimilated,a.Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —b.Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —IV.R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —V.As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.). -
47 transfiguro
trans-fĭgūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to change in shape, to transform, transfigure, metamorphose (post-Aug.; cf.: verto, muto).I.Lit.:II.puerum in muliebrem naturam,
Suet. Ner. 28:in simiae speciem transfiguratus,
id. ib. 46:in lupum,
Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 81:in scorpiones,
id. 9, 31, 51, § 99:in pumicem (al. mutantur),
id. 13, 25, 50, § 139:et qui corpora prima transfigurat,
i. e. Ovid in the Metamorphoses, Stat. S. 2, 7, 78:amygdalae ex dulcibus transfigurantur in amaras,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 237:aede Castoris et Pollucis in vestibulum transfigurata,
Suet. Calig. 22; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2; id. Marc. 9, 1. —With se: Satanas transfigurat se in angelum lucis. Vulg. 2 Cor. 11, 14.—Trop., to change, transform:B.judicum animos in eum quem volumus habitum formare et velut transfigurare,
Quint. 6, 2, 1: intellego, non emendari me tantum, sed transfigurari, Sen. Ep. 6, 1.—Esp.1. 2.To express under a figure of speech:haec transfiguravi in me et Apollo propter vos,
Vulg. 1 Cor. 4, 6. -
48 moveō
moveō mōvī, mōtus, ēre [1 MV-], to move, stir, set in motion, shake, disturb, remove: tanti oneris turrim, Cs.: matrona moveri iussa, to dance, H.: moveri Cyclopa, represent by action, H.: membra ad modos, Tb.: fila sonantia movit, struck, O.: moveri sedibus huic urbi melius est: loco motus cessit, driven back, Cs.: move ocius te, bestir thyself, T.: neque se in ullam partem, attach, Cs.: se ex eo loco, stir from the spot, L.: caput, i. e. threaten with, H.: castra ex eo loco, break up, Cs.: hostem statu, dislodge, L.: heredes, eject: tribu centurionem, expel: signiferos loco, degrade, Cs.: Omne movet urna nomen, H.: senatorio loco, degrade, L.: Verba loco, cancel, H.: consulem de sententiā, dissuade, L.: litteram, to take away: movet arma leo, gives battle, V.: quo sidere moto, at the rising of, O.—Prov.: omnīs terras, omnia maria movere, move heaven and earth (of great exertions).—Of the soil, to stir, plough, break up, open: iugera, V.: mota terra, O.— To disturb, violate: triste bidental, H.: Dianae non movenda numina, inviolable, H.— To remove oneself, betake oneself, move, be moved, be stirred (sc. se): terra dies duodequadraginta movit, there was an earthquake, L.: movisse a Samo Romanos audivit, L.: voluptas movens, i. e. in motion.—To excite, occasion, cause, promote, produce, begin, commence, undertake: fletum populo: mihi admirationem: indignationem, L.: suspicionem: iam pugna se moverat, was going on, Cu.: cantūs, V.: mentionem rei, make mention, L.: priusquam movere ac moliri quicquam posset, make any disturbance, L. — To shake, cause to waver, alter, change: meam sententiam.— To disturb, concern, trouble, torment: moveat cimex Pantilius? H.: voltum movetur, changes countenance, V.: vis aestūs omnium ferme corpora movit, L.: venenum praecordia movit, O.: strepitu fora, Iu.— To stir, produce, put forth: de palmite gemma movetur, O.— To exert, exercise: movisse numen ad alqd deos, L.: artis opem, O. — To change, transform: quorum Forma semel mota est, O.: nihil motum ex antiquo, i. e. change in traditional custom, L.—Fig., to move, influence, affect, excite, inspire: nil nos dos movet, T.: beneficiis moveri, Cs.: moveri civitas coepit, S.: ut pulcritudo corporis movet oculos et delectat, charms: animos ad bellum, instigate, L.: feroci iuveni animum, stir, L.: Vestrā motus prece, H.: moverat plebem oratio consulis, had stirred, L.: absiste moveri, be not disturbed, V.: ut captatori moveat fastidia, excites nausea in, Iu.— To revolve, meditate, ponder: Multa movens animo, V.* * *movere, movi, motus Vmove, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb; -
49 vertō or vortō
vertō or vortō tī, sus, ere [VERT-], to turn, turn up, turn back, direct: cardinem, O.: verso pede, O.: Non ante verso cado, i. e. emptied, H.: crateras, V.: verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus: gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, i. e. is situated, Cu.: in circumsedentis Capuam se vertit, i. e. directs his attack, L.— Intrans, to turn, turn back: versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus, L.— Pass, to be turned, be directed, face, look: fenestrae in viam versae, L.: nunc ad fontes, nunc ad mare versus, O.—To turn about, be engaged, move, be, be situated: Magno in periclo vita vertetur tua, Ph.: in maiore discrimine verti, L.: ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis, V.—To turn back, turn about, reverse: Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt, wheeled about, Cs.: hostes terga verterunt, fled, Cs.: hostem in fugam, put to flight, L.: Hiemps piscīs ad hoc vertat mare, H.—To turn over, turn up: versā pulvis inscribitur hastā, V.: Vertitur interea caelum, revolves, V.: terram aratro, H.: versis glaebis, O.—To turn, ply, drive: stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo, V.—Fig., to turn, direct, convert, appropriate: ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se: congressi certamine irarum ad caedem vertuntur, i. e. are driven, L.: ne ea, quae rei p. causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, Cs.: omen in Macedonum metum, Cu.: in religionem vertentes comitia biennio habita, making a matter of religious scruple, L.: Philippus totus in Persea versus, inclined towards, L.: quo me vertam? T.: quo se verteret, non habebat: si bellum omne eo vertat, L.: di vortant bene, Quod agas, prosper, T.—To ascribe, refer: quae alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt, L.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, impute as a fault.—Pass., to turn, depend, rest, hang: hic victoria, V.: cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur, L.: omnia in unius potestate vertentur: spes civitatis in dictatore, L.: vertebatur, utrum manerent, an, etc., i. e. the question was discussed, L.—To turn, change, alter, transform, convert, metamorphose: terra in aquam se vertit: Verte omnīs tete in facies, V.: Auster in Africum se vertit, Cs.: versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia: cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere iussa potest, V.: saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti iocus, H.: nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur, nisi, etc., O.—Prov.: ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, i. e. had dissipated, H.— With solum, to change abode, leave the country: qui exsili causā solum verterit.—In language, to turn, translate, interpret: Platonem: annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, L.—To turn, overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy: vertit ad extremum omnia: Cycnum Vi multā, O.: ab imo moenia Troiae, V.: ne Armenia scelere verteretur, Ta.: versā Caesarum sobole, Ta.—To turn, change, be changed: iam verterat fortuna, L.—To turn, be directed, turn out, result: verterat Scipionum invidia in praetorem, L.: (quae res) tibi vertat male, turn out badly, T.: quod bene verteret, Cu.: quod nec vertat bene, V.: quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret, Cs.: ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit, L.—Of time, in the phrase, annus vertens, the returning year, space of a year, full year: anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses); cf. annus vertens, the great cycle of the stars. -
50 demuto
dē-mūto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.I.Act., to change, alter, and sometimes to alter for the worse, to make worse (repeatedly in Plaut. and in post-Aug. prose; otherwise rare; not in the Ciceronian period): voces demutat, Cato ap. Macr. S. 2, 10 med.; cf.:II.orationem meam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 8:imperium tuum,
id. Men. 5, 2, 118:sententiam nostram in iis,
Gell. 17, 1, 6:caro demutata, Tert. Res. carn. 55 al.: placitum instituto flaminum nihil demutari,
Tac. A. 4, 16:si demutant mores ingenium tuum,
to make worse, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 36.—Neutr., to change one's mind or purpose:2.non demutabo,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 142; id. ib. 153; cf.: prorsus nihilum de aliqua re, Jul. Val. rer. gest. Alex. 1, 13.—To change, alter, become different (with atque or ab —3.very rare): numquid videtur demutare atque ut quidem dixi esse, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 37; cf. id. Stich. 5, 4, 43; Ap. Mag. p. 284, 17.—To deviate, depart:(fama) demutans de veritate,
Tert. Apol. 7. -
51 significo
signĭfĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 ( dep. collat. form signĭfĭcor, acc. to Gell. 18, 12, 10, without an example), v. a. [signum-facio].I.In gen., to show by signs; to show, point out, express, publish, make known, indicate; to intimate, notify, signify, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: monstro, declaro, indico).(α).With acc.:(β).aliquid alicui,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5:hoc mihi significasse et annuisse visus est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 213:quae significari ac declarari volemus,
id. de Or. 3, 13, 49:gratulationem,
id. Att. 4, 1, 5:stultitiam,
id. Agr. 2, 12, 30:deditionem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40:timorem fremitu et concursu,
id. ib. 4, 14:vir, quem ne inimicus quidem satis in appellando significare poterat,
Cic. Font. 17, 39 (13, 29):aliquid per gestum,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 36 et saep.— With two acc. (rare):ut eorum ornatus in his regem neminem significaret,
Nep. Ages. 8, 2; id. Them. 2, 7.—With object clause: hoc tibi non significandum solum, sed etiam [p. 1697] declarandum arbitror, nihil mihi esse potuisse tuis litteris gratius, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 2; cf. id. Mil. 2, 4:(γ).provocationem a regibus fuisse significant nostri augurales,
id. Rep. 2, 31, 54:se esse admodum delectatos,
id. ib. 3, 30, 42:omnes voce significare coeperunt, sese, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13; 4, 3; cf.:hoc significant, sese ad statuas tuas pecuniam contulisse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 148.—With rel. or interrog.-clause:(δ).neque unde, nec quo die datae essent (litterae), aut quo tempore te exspectarem, significabant,
Cic. Fam. 2, 19, 1:nutu significat, quid velit,
Ov. M. 3, 643:(anseres et canes) aluntur in Capitolio, ut significent, si fures venerint, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:significare coeperunt, ut dimitterentur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 86.—With de:(ε).significare de fugā Romanis coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26:est aliquid de virtute significatum tuā,
Cic. Planc. 21, 52.—Absol.:II.diversae state... Neve inter vos significetis,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 14:significare inter sese coeperunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 122:ut quam maxime significem,
id. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:ut fumo atque ignibus significabatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 7 fin.:ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per agros regionesque significant,
id. ib. 7, 3.—In partic.A.To betoken, prognosticate, foreshow, portend, mean (syn. praedico):2.futura posse a quibusdam significari,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 2:quid haec tanta celeritas festinatioque significat?
id. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:quid sibi significent, trepidantia consulit exta,
Ov. M. 15, 576; cf.:quid mihi significant ergo mea visa?
id. ib. 9, 495:significet placidos nuntia fibra deos,
Tib. 2, 1, 25:quae fato manent, quamvis significata, non vitantur,
Tac. H. 1, 18.—To betoken a change of weather (post-Aug.):B. C.ventus Africus tempestatem significat, etc.,
Col. 11, 2, 4 sq.:serenos dies (luna),
Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348:imbrem (occasus Librae),
id. ib. 26, 66, § 246.— Absol.:terreni ignes proxime significant,
Plin. 18, 35, 84, § 357.—To mean, import, signify; of words:carere hoc significat, egere eo, quod habere velis, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:multa verba aliud nunc ostendunt, aliud ante significabant, ut hostis,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.;9, § 85 ib.: videtis hoc uno verbo unde significare res duas, et ex quo et a quo loco,
Cic. Caecin. 30, 88.—Of a fable:haec significat fabula dominum videre plurimum,
Phaedr. 2, 8, 27; 4, 10, 16.— Hence, signĭfĭcans, antis, P. a., in rhet. lang., of speech, full of meaning, expressive, significant; graphic, distinct, clear:locorum dilucida et significans descriptio,
Quint. 9, 2, 44:verba,
id. 11, 1, 2; cf. id. 4, 2, 36; 4, 2, 8, prooem. §31: demonstratio,
Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 147.— Transf., of orators:Atticos esse lucidos et significantes,
Quint. 12, 10, 21.— Comp.:quo nihil inveniri possit significantius,
Quint. 8, 2, 9; 8, 6, 6.— Sup.:significantissimum vocabulum,
Gell. 1, 15, 17.— Adv.: signĭfĭcanter, clearly, distinctly, expressly, significantly, graphically:breviter ac significanter ordinem rei protulisse,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:rem indicare (with proprie),
id. 12, 10, 52:dicere (with ornate),
id. 1, 7, 32.— Comp.:apertius, significantius dignitatem alicujus defendere,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3:narrare,
Quint. 10, 1, 49:disponere,
id. 3, 6, 65:appellare aliquid (with consignatius),
Gell. 1, 25, 8:dicere (with probabilius),
id. 17, 2, 11.— Sup., Pseudo Quint. Decl. 247. -
52 significor
signĭfĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 ( dep. collat. form signĭfĭcor, acc. to Gell. 18, 12, 10, without an example), v. a. [signum-facio].I.In gen., to show by signs; to show, point out, express, publish, make known, indicate; to intimate, notify, signify, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: monstro, declaro, indico).(α).With acc.:(β).aliquid alicui,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5:hoc mihi significasse et annuisse visus est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 213:quae significari ac declarari volemus,
id. de Or. 3, 13, 49:gratulationem,
id. Att. 4, 1, 5:stultitiam,
id. Agr. 2, 12, 30:deditionem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40:timorem fremitu et concursu,
id. ib. 4, 14:vir, quem ne inimicus quidem satis in appellando significare poterat,
Cic. Font. 17, 39 (13, 29):aliquid per gestum,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 36 et saep.— With two acc. (rare):ut eorum ornatus in his regem neminem significaret,
Nep. Ages. 8, 2; id. Them. 2, 7.—With object clause: hoc tibi non significandum solum, sed etiam [p. 1697] declarandum arbitror, nihil mihi esse potuisse tuis litteris gratius, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 2; cf. id. Mil. 2, 4:(γ).provocationem a regibus fuisse significant nostri augurales,
id. Rep. 2, 31, 54:se esse admodum delectatos,
id. ib. 3, 30, 42:omnes voce significare coeperunt, sese, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13; 4, 3; cf.:hoc significant, sese ad statuas tuas pecuniam contulisse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 148.—With rel. or interrog.-clause:(δ).neque unde, nec quo die datae essent (litterae), aut quo tempore te exspectarem, significabant,
Cic. Fam. 2, 19, 1:nutu significat, quid velit,
Ov. M. 3, 643:(anseres et canes) aluntur in Capitolio, ut significent, si fures venerint, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:significare coeperunt, ut dimitterentur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 86.—With de:(ε).significare de fugā Romanis coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26:est aliquid de virtute significatum tuā,
Cic. Planc. 21, 52.—Absol.:II.diversae state... Neve inter vos significetis,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 14:significare inter sese coeperunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 122:ut quam maxime significem,
id. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:ut fumo atque ignibus significabatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 7 fin.:ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per agros regionesque significant,
id. ib. 7, 3.—In partic.A.To betoken, prognosticate, foreshow, portend, mean (syn. praedico):2.futura posse a quibusdam significari,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 2:quid haec tanta celeritas festinatioque significat?
id. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:quid sibi significent, trepidantia consulit exta,
Ov. M. 15, 576; cf.:quid mihi significant ergo mea visa?
id. ib. 9, 495:significet placidos nuntia fibra deos,
Tib. 2, 1, 25:quae fato manent, quamvis significata, non vitantur,
Tac. H. 1, 18.—To betoken a change of weather (post-Aug.):B. C.ventus Africus tempestatem significat, etc.,
Col. 11, 2, 4 sq.:serenos dies (luna),
Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348:imbrem (occasus Librae),
id. ib. 26, 66, § 246.— Absol.:terreni ignes proxime significant,
Plin. 18, 35, 84, § 357.—To mean, import, signify; of words:carere hoc significat, egere eo, quod habere velis, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:multa verba aliud nunc ostendunt, aliud ante significabant, ut hostis,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.;9, § 85 ib.: videtis hoc uno verbo unde significare res duas, et ex quo et a quo loco,
Cic. Caecin. 30, 88.—Of a fable:haec significat fabula dominum videre plurimum,
Phaedr. 2, 8, 27; 4, 10, 16.— Hence, signĭfĭcans, antis, P. a., in rhet. lang., of speech, full of meaning, expressive, significant; graphic, distinct, clear:locorum dilucida et significans descriptio,
Quint. 9, 2, 44:verba,
id. 11, 1, 2; cf. id. 4, 2, 36; 4, 2, 8, prooem. §31: demonstratio,
Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 147.— Transf., of orators:Atticos esse lucidos et significantes,
Quint. 12, 10, 21.— Comp.:quo nihil inveniri possit significantius,
Quint. 8, 2, 9; 8, 6, 6.— Sup.:significantissimum vocabulum,
Gell. 1, 15, 17.— Adv.: signĭfĭcanter, clearly, distinctly, expressly, significantly, graphically:breviter ac significanter ordinem rei protulisse,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:rem indicare (with proprie),
id. 12, 10, 52:dicere (with ornate),
id. 1, 7, 32.— Comp.:apertius, significantius dignitatem alicujus defendere,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3:narrare,
Quint. 10, 1, 49:disponere,
id. 3, 6, 65:appellare aliquid (with consignatius),
Gell. 1, 25, 8:dicere (with probabilius),
id. 17, 2, 11.— Sup., Pseudo Quint. Decl. 247. -
53 confessi
confĭtĕor, fessus, 2 (arch. inf. confiterier, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22), v. dep. [fateor], to acknowledge, confess, own, avow (an error, mistake, or a fact previously denied or doubted, etc., implying a sacrifice of will or a change of conviction; while fateor expresses a simple acknowledgment, and profiteor a voluntary avowal), to concede, allow, grant (class. in prose and poetry):I.quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri sed etiam profiteri videatur?
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24; cf.: hic ego non solum confiteor, verum etiam profiteor, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 434, 30:tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).et genus et divitias meas,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:peccatum suum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:amorem nutrici,
Ov. M. 14, 703; cf.:amorem patris nutrici,
Quint. 9, 2, 64:crimen,
Curt. 6, 11, 31:facinus,
id. 8, 8, 2: singula, * Cat. 86, 2: se, to make one's self known (sc. Jovem), Ov. M. 3, 2; cf.deam,
Verg. A. 2, 591.—With two accs.:se victos, Cacs. B. C. 1, 84: se imperitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 19:causam Caesaris meliorem,
id. 5, 11, 42:hoc de statuis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 149:summam infirmitatem de se,
Quint. 2, 4, 28:de se quid voluerit,
id. 8, 4, 23.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).hoc confiteor jure mi obtigisse,
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 97; 5, 3, 12:me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 2; 1, 9, 18; id. N. D. 1, 7, 44; Lucr. 1, 271; 1, 826; 2, 691 al.; Quint. 2, 17, 19; 11, 1, 85; Suet. Caes. 52 et saep.—Absol.:(δ).ut eampse vos audistis confiterier,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 5, 9 (8), 46:confitentem audire Torquatum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; Ov. M. 2, 52; 13, 270; Curt. 6, 11, 14; Tac. A. 11, 28:vere,
Ov. R. Am. 318; cf.:confessae manus,
i. e. confessing defeat, id. M. 5, 215.—With de:b.de maleficio,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; so id. ib. 42, 123; Tac. A. 14, 59; cf. supra, a fin. —Part. perf.: confessus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: aes, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13, 11, and 20, 1, 45; Dig. 42, 1, 15; v. under P. a.—Hence,II.Esp., after the Aug. per., sometimes, to reveal, manifest, make known, show.(α).With acc.:(β).confessa vultibus iram,
Ov. M. 6, 35:motum animi sui lacrimis,
Quint. 6, 1, 23:admirationem suam plausu,
id. 8, 3, 3; 9, 4, 39:cupidinem coëundi,
id. 1, 28, 2. —With acc. and inf., Quint. 1, 6, 15; 4, 2, 122; Plin. Ep. 3, 14, 3; Pall. Jun. 7, 6.—III.In eccl. writers, to confess, own, acknowledge: Christum, Prud. steph. 5, 40.— With dat.:1.tibi, Domine,
Vulg. Psa. 137, 1:nomini tuo,
id. ib. 141, 8.— Absol., Cypr. Ep. 15.— confessus, a, um, P. a.Act., confessing, that has acknowledged, pleaded guilty, etc.:2.reus,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 56:in judicio reus,
Dig. 48, 4, 4, § 1.— Subst.: confessi, ōrum, m., criminals who have confessed their guilt:de confessis supplicium sumere,
Sall. C. 52, 36.—Pass., lit., acknowledged; hence, undoubted, evident, certain, incontrovertible (most freq. in the post-Aug. per.):ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam, quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 130:confessā in re,
Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 164; 20, 11, 45, § 116.—Esp., subst.: confessum, i, n., an undoubted, certain, acknowledged thing, matter:a confessis transeamus ad dubiā,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 21, 1:adhuc versamur in confessis,
Quint. 7, 1, 48:de confessis disserere,
Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 138 al. —Hence the phrases:ex confesso,
confessedly, beyond doubt, Quint. 3, 5, 3; Sen. Ep. 76, 12:in confesso esse,
to be notorious, everywhere known, id. Ben. 3, 11, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 2, 3; id. Q. N. 2, 22, 2; Vell. 2, 85, 4; Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 54; Tac. Or. 25; 27:vita cervis in confesso longa est,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 191; Amm. 21, 1, 3:in confessum venire,
to be generally acknowledged, be well known, Plin. Ep. 10, 81 (85), 8; cf.:ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia,
Quint. 5, 14, 28:pro confesso habere aliquid,
Lact. 2, 8. -
54 confessum
confĭtĕor, fessus, 2 (arch. inf. confiterier, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22), v. dep. [fateor], to acknowledge, confess, own, avow (an error, mistake, or a fact previously denied or doubted, etc., implying a sacrifice of will or a change of conviction; while fateor expresses a simple acknowledgment, and profiteor a voluntary avowal), to concede, allow, grant (class. in prose and poetry):I.quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri sed etiam profiteri videatur?
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24; cf.: hic ego non solum confiteor, verum etiam profiteor, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 434, 30:tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).et genus et divitias meas,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:peccatum suum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:amorem nutrici,
Ov. M. 14, 703; cf.:amorem patris nutrici,
Quint. 9, 2, 64:crimen,
Curt. 6, 11, 31:facinus,
id. 8, 8, 2: singula, * Cat. 86, 2: se, to make one's self known (sc. Jovem), Ov. M. 3, 2; cf.deam,
Verg. A. 2, 591.—With two accs.:se victos, Cacs. B. C. 1, 84: se imperitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 19:causam Caesaris meliorem,
id. 5, 11, 42:hoc de statuis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 149:summam infirmitatem de se,
Quint. 2, 4, 28:de se quid voluerit,
id. 8, 4, 23.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).hoc confiteor jure mi obtigisse,
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 97; 5, 3, 12:me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 2; 1, 9, 18; id. N. D. 1, 7, 44; Lucr. 1, 271; 1, 826; 2, 691 al.; Quint. 2, 17, 19; 11, 1, 85; Suet. Caes. 52 et saep.—Absol.:(δ).ut eampse vos audistis confiterier,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 5, 9 (8), 46:confitentem audire Torquatum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; Ov. M. 2, 52; 13, 270; Curt. 6, 11, 14; Tac. A. 11, 28:vere,
Ov. R. Am. 318; cf.:confessae manus,
i. e. confessing defeat, id. M. 5, 215.—With de:b.de maleficio,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; so id. ib. 42, 123; Tac. A. 14, 59; cf. supra, a fin. —Part. perf.: confessus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: aes, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13, 11, and 20, 1, 45; Dig. 42, 1, 15; v. under P. a.—Hence,II.Esp., after the Aug. per., sometimes, to reveal, manifest, make known, show.(α).With acc.:(β).confessa vultibus iram,
Ov. M. 6, 35:motum animi sui lacrimis,
Quint. 6, 1, 23:admirationem suam plausu,
id. 8, 3, 3; 9, 4, 39:cupidinem coëundi,
id. 1, 28, 2. —With acc. and inf., Quint. 1, 6, 15; 4, 2, 122; Plin. Ep. 3, 14, 3; Pall. Jun. 7, 6.—III.In eccl. writers, to confess, own, acknowledge: Christum, Prud. steph. 5, 40.— With dat.:1.tibi, Domine,
Vulg. Psa. 137, 1:nomini tuo,
id. ib. 141, 8.— Absol., Cypr. Ep. 15.— confessus, a, um, P. a.Act., confessing, that has acknowledged, pleaded guilty, etc.:2.reus,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 56:in judicio reus,
Dig. 48, 4, 4, § 1.— Subst.: confessi, ōrum, m., criminals who have confessed their guilt:de confessis supplicium sumere,
Sall. C. 52, 36.—Pass., lit., acknowledged; hence, undoubted, evident, certain, incontrovertible (most freq. in the post-Aug. per.):ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam, quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 130:confessā in re,
Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 164; 20, 11, 45, § 116.—Esp., subst.: confessum, i, n., an undoubted, certain, acknowledged thing, matter:a confessis transeamus ad dubiā,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 21, 1:adhuc versamur in confessis,
Quint. 7, 1, 48:de confessis disserere,
Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 138 al. —Hence the phrases:ex confesso,
confessedly, beyond doubt, Quint. 3, 5, 3; Sen. Ep. 76, 12:in confesso esse,
to be notorious, everywhere known, id. Ben. 3, 11, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 2, 3; id. Q. N. 2, 22, 2; Vell. 2, 85, 4; Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 54; Tac. Or. 25; 27:vita cervis in confesso longa est,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 191; Amm. 21, 1, 3:in confessum venire,
to be generally acknowledged, be well known, Plin. Ep. 10, 81 (85), 8; cf.:ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia,
Quint. 5, 14, 28:pro confesso habere aliquid,
Lact. 2, 8. -
55 confiteor
confĭtĕor, fessus, 2 (arch. inf. confiterier, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22), v. dep. [fateor], to acknowledge, confess, own, avow (an error, mistake, or a fact previously denied or doubted, etc., implying a sacrifice of will or a change of conviction; while fateor expresses a simple acknowledgment, and profiteor a voluntary avowal), to concede, allow, grant (class. in prose and poetry):I.quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri sed etiam profiteri videatur?
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24; cf.: hic ego non solum confiteor, verum etiam profiteor, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 434, 30:tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).et genus et divitias meas,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:peccatum suum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:amorem nutrici,
Ov. M. 14, 703; cf.:amorem patris nutrici,
Quint. 9, 2, 64:crimen,
Curt. 6, 11, 31:facinus,
id. 8, 8, 2: singula, * Cat. 86, 2: se, to make one's self known (sc. Jovem), Ov. M. 3, 2; cf.deam,
Verg. A. 2, 591.—With two accs.:se victos, Cacs. B. C. 1, 84: se imperitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 19:causam Caesaris meliorem,
id. 5, 11, 42:hoc de statuis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 149:summam infirmitatem de se,
Quint. 2, 4, 28:de se quid voluerit,
id. 8, 4, 23.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).hoc confiteor jure mi obtigisse,
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 97; 5, 3, 12:me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 2; 1, 9, 18; id. N. D. 1, 7, 44; Lucr. 1, 271; 1, 826; 2, 691 al.; Quint. 2, 17, 19; 11, 1, 85; Suet. Caes. 52 et saep.—Absol.:(δ).ut eampse vos audistis confiterier,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 5, 9 (8), 46:confitentem audire Torquatum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; Ov. M. 2, 52; 13, 270; Curt. 6, 11, 14; Tac. A. 11, 28:vere,
Ov. R. Am. 318; cf.:confessae manus,
i. e. confessing defeat, id. M. 5, 215.—With de:b.de maleficio,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; so id. ib. 42, 123; Tac. A. 14, 59; cf. supra, a fin. —Part. perf.: confessus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: aes, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13, 11, and 20, 1, 45; Dig. 42, 1, 15; v. under P. a.—Hence,II.Esp., after the Aug. per., sometimes, to reveal, manifest, make known, show.(α).With acc.:(β).confessa vultibus iram,
Ov. M. 6, 35:motum animi sui lacrimis,
Quint. 6, 1, 23:admirationem suam plausu,
id. 8, 3, 3; 9, 4, 39:cupidinem coëundi,
id. 1, 28, 2. —With acc. and inf., Quint. 1, 6, 15; 4, 2, 122; Plin. Ep. 3, 14, 3; Pall. Jun. 7, 6.—III.In eccl. writers, to confess, own, acknowledge: Christum, Prud. steph. 5, 40.— With dat.:1.tibi, Domine,
Vulg. Psa. 137, 1:nomini tuo,
id. ib. 141, 8.— Absol., Cypr. Ep. 15.— confessus, a, um, P. a.Act., confessing, that has acknowledged, pleaded guilty, etc.:2.reus,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 56:in judicio reus,
Dig. 48, 4, 4, § 1.— Subst.: confessi, ōrum, m., criminals who have confessed their guilt:de confessis supplicium sumere,
Sall. C. 52, 36.—Pass., lit., acknowledged; hence, undoubted, evident, certain, incontrovertible (most freq. in the post-Aug. per.):ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam, quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 130:confessā in re,
Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 164; 20, 11, 45, § 116.—Esp., subst.: confessum, i, n., an undoubted, certain, acknowledged thing, matter:a confessis transeamus ad dubiā,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 21, 1:adhuc versamur in confessis,
Quint. 7, 1, 48:de confessis disserere,
Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 138 al. —Hence the phrases:ex confesso,
confessedly, beyond doubt, Quint. 3, 5, 3; Sen. Ep. 76, 12:in confesso esse,
to be notorious, everywhere known, id. Ben. 3, 11, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 2, 3; id. Q. N. 2, 22, 2; Vell. 2, 85, 4; Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 54; Tac. Or. 25; 27:vita cervis in confesso longa est,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 191; Amm. 21, 1, 3:in confessum venire,
to be generally acknowledged, be well known, Plin. Ep. 10, 81 (85), 8; cf.:ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia,
Quint. 5, 14, 28:pro confesso habere aliquid,
Lact. 2, 8. -
56 acer
1.ăcer, ĕris, n. [kindred with Germ. Ahorn] (f. Serv. ap. Prisc. p. 698 P.), the maple-tree, Plin. 16, 15, 26, § 66 sq.—II.Transf., the wood of the maple-tree, maplewood, used, on account of its hardness and firmness, for writing-tablets, Plin. 33, 11, 52, § 146; Ov. Am. 1, 11, 28.2.ācer, cris, cre, adj. (m. acris, Enn.; f. acer, Naev. and Enn.; acrus, a um, Pall.; Veg.; cf. Charis. 63 and 93 P.) [cf. akis, akôn, akmê, akros, ôkus, oxus; Sanscr. acan = dart, acus = swift; Germ. Ecke; Engl. edge, to egg; and with change of quantity, ăcus, acuo, ăceo, ăcies, ăcerbus], sharp, pointed, piercing, and the like.I.Prop., of the senses and things affecting them, sharp, dazzling, stinging, pungent, fine, piercing:a.praestans valetudine, viribus, formā, acerrimis integerrimisque sensibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45. So,Of the sight:b.acerrimus sensus videndi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:acres oculi,
id. Planc. 27:splendor,
Lucr. 4, 304:quidam colores ruboris acerrimi,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 14 al. —Of the hearing:c.voce increpet acri?
Lucr. 3, 953:aurium mensura, quod est acrius judicium et certius,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47:acrem flammae sonitum,
Verg. G. 4, 409:acri tibiā,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 1.—Of smell, Lucr. 4, 122:d.exstinctum lumen acri nidore offendit nares,
id. 6, 792; cf. ib. 1216:unguentis minus diu delectemur summa et acerrima suavitate conditis, quam his moderatis,
Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:odor,
Plin. 12, 17, 40.—Of taste: ut vitet acria, ut est sinapi, cepa, allium, Var. ap. Non. 201, 13:e.acres humores,
sharp juices, Cic. N. D. 2, 23:lactuca innatat acri stomacho,
an acid stomach, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59; cf. ib. 2, 8, 7:dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 3 al. —Of sensation in its widest extent: aestatem auctumnus sequitur, post acer hiems fit, sharp, severe, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 ed. Vahl.—cf. Lucr. 3, 20; 4, 261); and so Hor.: solvitur acris hiems, C. 1. 4, 1. —B.Of the internal states of the human system, violent, sharp, severe, gnawing:II.fames, Naev. ap. Prisc. l. l. (B. Punic. p. 18 ed. Vahl.): somnus, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l. (Ann. v. 369): morbus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119:dolor,
Lucr. 6, 650:sitis,
Tib. 1, 3, 77 al.Of the states of mind: violent, vehement, passionate, consuming: mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22:B.acri ira percitus,
Lucr. 5, 400: cf. 3, 312;6, 754 (on the contrary, 5, 1194: iras acerbas): acres curae,
Lucr. 3, 463, and Var. ap. Non. 241:luctus,
ib. 87:dolor,
Verg. A. 7, 291:metus,
Lucr. 6, 1211; Verg. A. 1, 362:amor,
Tib. 2, 6, 15:acrior ad Venerem cupido,
Curt. 6, 5 al. (Among unpleasant sensations, acer designates a piercing, wounding by sharpness; but acerbus the rough, harsh, repugnant, repulsive.)—Applied to the intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, penetrating, sagacious, shrewd:C.acrem irritat virtutem animi,
Lucr. 1, 70:acri judicio perpende,
id. 2, 1041:memoria,
strong, retentive, Cic. de Or. 2, 87:vir acri ingenio,
id. Or. 5; cf. id. Sest. 20 al. —Applied to moral qualities.1.In a good sense, active, ardent, eager, spirited, brave, zealous:2.milites,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10:civis acerrimus,
an ardent patriot, id. Fam. 10, 28:defensor,
id. ib. 1, 1:studio acriore esse,
id. de Or. 1, 21:jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus,
Verg. G. 2, 405 al. —In a bad sense, violent, hasty, hot, passionate, fierce, severe (very freq.):D.uxor acerrima,
enraged, angry, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 56; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 32:dominos acres,
Lucr. 6, 63; Nep. Tim. 3, 5; cf. Bremi Nep. Eum. 11, 1. Also, of animals, Lucr. 4, 421; 5, 860; Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. Epod. 12, 6; 2, 31; Nep. Eum. 11, 1. —Of abstract things (mostly poet.), Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 32:egestas,
Lucr. 3, 65:poenas,
id. 6, 72:impetus,
ib. 128; 392:acerrimum bellum,
Cic. Balb. 6:nox acerrima atque acerbissima,
id. Sull. 18:acrius supplicium,
id. Cat. 1, 1; in Quint.: acres syllabae, which proceed from short to long, 9, 4.—Acer is constr. with abl., and also (esp. in the histt. of the silv. age) with gen., Vell. 1, 13; Tac. H. 2, 5 al.; cf. Ramsh. § 107, 6 note. With in, Cic. Fam. 8, 15; with inf., Sil. 3, 338.— Adv.: ācrĭter, sharply, strongly, vehemently, eagerly, zealously, etc., in all the signif. of the adj., Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 110; id. Ps. 1, 3, 39; Lucr. 6, 783; Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 al.— Comp., Lucr. 3, 54; 5, 1147; Hor. S. 2, 3, 92; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 3.— Sup., Cic. Fl. 11; id. Fam. 10, 28; 15, 4.—Also, ācre, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 132, 25; App. M. 10, 32; and perh. Pers. 4, 34. -
57 vinco
vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).I.Lit.A.In war or battle:B.jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36:Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:Galliam bello,
Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,
id. ib. 7, 29:id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:vicimus vi feroces,
id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:L. milia,
to win at play, August. ib. 71.—In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:C.vincere judicio,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:causam suam,
to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:factum est: ventum est: vincimur,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:D.sponsione,
Cic. Quint. 27, 84:sponsionem,
id. Caecin. 31, 91:vicit iter durum pietas,
controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:labor omnia vicit,
Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,
to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,
Sall. J. 16, 1:factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,
Liv. 2, 30, 2:cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,
id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:competitorem in suffragiis,
Quint. 7, 1, 29.—Transf., of inanimate subjects.1.To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:2.(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,
Verg. A. 9, 92:victa ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:flammam gurgitibus,
id. Am. 3, 6, 42:noctem flammis,
Verg. A. 1, 727:vincunt aequora navitae,
prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,
Ov. F. 1, 222:quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,
id. ib. 1, 676:corpora victa sopore,
id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,
id. ib. 3, 19:hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,
Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:campum turbā vincente,
overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—To outlast, survive:3.(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,
Verg. G. 2, 295:vivendo mea fata,
id. A. 11, 160.—To surmount, scale:4.aëra (sagittae),
Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:montes ascensu,
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—To reduce, change, etc.;II.of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,
Verg. G. 3, 560:cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,
Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,
Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,
Ov. F. 2, 220.—Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,
Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—Trop.A.In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:B.argumentis vincit,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:naturam studio,
Caes. B. G. 6, 43:vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?
id. Par. 4, 1, 27:animum,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:eludet, ubi te victum senserit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 10:illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?
id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,
id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:peccavi, fateor, vincor,
id. ib. 4, 1, 31:victus patris precibus lacrimisque,
Liv. 23, 8, 4:divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,
Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:est qui vinci possit,
id. S. 1, 9, 55:pietas Victa furore,
id. C. 3, 27, 36:victus amore pudor,
Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:filia victa in lacrimas,
Tac. A. 1, 57:victus animi respexit,
Verg. G. 4, 491:triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,
Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,
am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—In partic.1.To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:2. (α).stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,
Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:exspectationem omnium,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,
Hor. Epod. 11, 24:odio qui posset vincere Regem,
id. S. 1, 7, 6:scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,
id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,
id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—With obj.-clause:(β).quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,
id. Most. 1, 2, 12:vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,
Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—With ut:(γ).nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—Absol.:3.si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,
Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,a.Vicimus:b.cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,
Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;mecum mea vota feruntur,
Ov. M. 6, 513:vicimus et meus est,
id. ib. 4, 356.—Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:4.vincite, si ita vultis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,
Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:viceris,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,
Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:vincere verbis,
Lucr. 5, 733. -
58 addico
ad-dīco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. ( imp. addice, for addic, Plaut. Poen. 2, 50;I.addixti,
Mart. 12, 16), orig., to give one's assent to a thing (“addicere est proprie idem dicere et approbare dicendo,” Fest. p. 13 Müll.), in its lit. signif. belonging only to augural and judicial language (opp. abdĭco).Of a favorable omen, to be propitious to, to favor, usually with aves as subj., and without obj.:B.cum sacellorum exaugurationes admitterent aves, in Termini fano non addixere,
Liv. 1, 55, 3; so,Fabio auspicanti aves semel atque iterum non addixerunt,
id. 27, 16, 15; also with auspicium as subj.:addicentibus auspiciis vocat contionem,
Tac. A. 2, 14; cf. Drak. Liv. 1, 36, 3; 27, 16, 15.—And with acc. of obj.:illum quem aves addixerant,
Fest. p. 241 Müll.—In judicial lang.: alicui aliquid or aliquem, to award or adjudge any thing to one, to sentence; hence Festus, with reference to the adjudged or condemned person, says:“alias addicere damnare est,” p. 13 Müll.: ubi in jus venerit, addicet praetor familiam totam tibi,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 57:bona alicui,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52:addictus erat tibi?
had he been declared bound to you for payment? id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41; hence ironic.: Fufidium... creditorem debitoribus suis addixisti, you have adjudged the creditor to his debtors (instead of the reverse), id. Pis. 35:liberum corpus in servitutem,
Liv. 3, 56.—Hence subst., addictus, i, m., one who has been given up or made over as servant to his creditor:ducite nos quo jubet, tamquam quidem addictos,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87:addictus Hermippo et ab hoc ductus est,
Cic. Fl. 20 extr.; cf. Liv. 6, 15, 20. (The addictus, bondman, was not properly a slave = servus, for he retained his nomen, cognomen, his tribus, which the servus did not have; he could become free again by cancelling the demand, even against the will of his dominus; the servus could not; the addictus, when set free, was also again ingenuus, the servus only libertinus; v. Quint. 7, 3, 27. The inhuman law of the Twelve Tables, which, however, was never put in execution, that one indebted to several creditors should be cut in pieces and divided among them, is mentioned by Gell. 20, 1: Niebuhr, Rom. Gesch. 1, 638;Smith's Antiq.): addicere alicui judicium,
to grant one leave to bring an action, Varr. L. L. 6, § 61 Müll.: addicere litem, sc. judici, to deliver a cause to the judge. This was the office of the praetor. Such is the purport of the law of XII. Tab. Tab. I.: POST MERIDIEM PRAESENTI STLITEM ADDICITO, ap. Gell. 17, 2:judicem or arbitrum (instead of dare judicium),
to appoint for one a judge in his suit, Dig. 5, 1, 39, 46 and 80: addicere aliquid in diem, to adjudge a thing to one ad interim, so that, upon a change of circumstances, the matter in question shall be restored in integrum, Dig. 18, 2; 6, 1, 41; 39, 3, 9.—In auctions, to adjudge to the highest bidder, knock down, strike off, deliver to (with the price in abl.): ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi [p. 31] nummo sestertio sibi addici velit, Cic. Rab. Post. 17; so id. Verr. 2, 1, 55; Suet. Caes. 50.—Addicere bona alicujus in publicum, i. e. to confiscate, Caes. B. C. 2, 18;C.hence in Plaut., of a parasite, who strikes himself off, as it were, i. e. promises himself to one as guest, on condition that he does not in the mean time have a higher bid, i. e. is not attracted to another by a better table,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 76 sq. —In gen., to sell, to make over to:D. a.addice tuam mihi meretricem,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 50:hominem invenire neminem potuit, cui meas aedes addiceret, traderet, donaret, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 41. Antonius regna addixit pecunia,
Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15; so Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.—In a metaph. signif.,In a good sense, to devote, to consecrate to:b.senatus, cui me semper addixi,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93:agros omnes addixit deae,
Vell. 2, 25;hence, morti addicere,
to devote to death, Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45:nolite... omnem Galliam prosternere et perpetuae servituti addicere,
to devote to perpetual slavery, Caes. B. G. 7, 77.—In a bad sense, to give up, to sacrifice, to abandon (very freq.);E.ejus ipsius domum evertisti, cujus sanguinem addixeras,
Cic. Pis. 34, 83:libidini cujusque nos addixit,
id. Phil. 5, 12, 33; so id. Mil. 32; id. Sest. 17; id. Quint. 30; hence poet.:quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores,
to sacrifice, to surrender his love, Ov. M. 1, 617 (where some read wrongly abdicere).—In later Latin, to attribute or ascribe a work to one:a.quae (comoediae) nomini eius (Plauti) addicuntur,
Gell. 3, 3, 13.—Hence, addic-tus, P. a. (after II. D.), dedicated or devoted to a thing; hence,Destined to:b.gladiatorio generi mortis addictus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 16; cf. Hor. Epod. 17, 11.—Given up to, bound to:qui certis quibusdam destinatisque sententiis quasi addicti et consecrati sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5:nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 14:Prasinae factioni addictus et deditus,
Suet. Cal. 55.— Comp., sup., and adv. not used. -
59 animo
ănĭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [anima and animus].I.Act.A.To fill with breath or air (cf. anima, I. and II.):B.duas tibias uno spiritu,
to blow upon, App. Flor. 3, p. 341, 25:bucinas,
Arn. 6, p. 196.—More freq.,To quicken, animate (cf. anima, II. C.): quicquid est hoc, omnia animat, format, alit, auget, creat, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Lucr. 2, 717:C.vitaliter esse animata,
id. 5, 145:formare, figurare, colorare, animare,
Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110. stellae divinis animatae mentibus, id. Rep. 6, 15; Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 66. —To endow with, to give, a particular temperament or disposition of mind (cf. animus, II. B. 1. b.):D.utcumque temperatus sit aër, ita pueros orientes animari atque formari, ex eoque ingenia, mores, animum fingi,
Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89: Mattiaci ipso terrae suae solo ac caelo acrius animantur, i. e. ferociores redduntur, are rendered more spirited, * Tac. G. 29.—In Ovid in a pregnant signif.: aliquid in aliquid animare, to transform a lifeless object to a living being, to change into by giving life (cf. anima, II. C. 3.):E.guttas animavit in angues,
Ov. M. 4, 619:in Nymphas animatā classe marinas,
id. ib. 14, 566.—Trop., of colors, to enliven:a.si quid Apellei gaudent animāsse colores,
Stat. S. 2, 2, 64.—Of torches, to light or kindle:animare ad crimina taxos,
Claud. Rapt. 3, 386.—Sometimes = recreare, to refresh, revive:cibo potuque animavit,
Hyg. Fab. 126:florem,
Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; so Pall. 4, 10; or in gen., to encourage, help:ope animari, Cod. Th. 6, 4, 21, § 3: copiis,
ib. 14, 4, 10, § 5.—And with inf. = incitare, to move, incite to:Ut hortatu vestro Eustathius, quae de scommate paulo ante dixerit, animetur aperire,
Macr. S. 7, 3.—Hence, ănĭmātus, a, um, P. a.Animated (cf. anima, II. C.): virum virtute verā vivere animatum addecet, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17.—b.(Acc. to C.) Brought or put into a particular frame of mind, disposed, inclined, minded, in some way (freq. and class.):c.hoc animo decet animatos esse amatores probos,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 20: avi et atavi nostri, quom allium ac caepe eorum verba olerent, tamen optime animati erant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7 (where the play upon olere and animati is to be noticed):animatus melius quam paratus,
better disposed than prepared, Cic. Fam. 6, 6:socii infirme animati,
id. ib. 15, 1:sic animati esse debetis, ut si ille adesset,
id. Phil. 9, 5:ut quem ad modum in se quisque, sic in amicum sit animatus,
id. Am. 16, 57:insulas non nullas bene animatas confirmavit,
well affected, Nep. Cim. 2, 4; Liv. 29, 17:male animatus erga principem exercitus,
Suet. Vit. 7:circa aliquem,
Just. 14, 1:hostili animo adversus rem publicam animatus,
Dig. 48, 4, 1: animatus in necem alicujus, Macr S. 1, 11.—In Plaut. with inf.: si quid animatus es facere, Truc. 5, 74.—Endowed with courage, courageous, stouthearted (cf. animus, II. 2. a. and animosus;only in ante-class. poetry): milites armati atque animati probe,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18: cum animatus iero, satis armatus sum, Att. ap. Non. p. 233, 18:hostis animatus,
id. ib. p. 233, 18.—* Sup. Auct. Itin. Alex. 13.— Adv. not used.—II.Neutr., to be animate, living (cf. anima, II. C.); so only ănĭ-mans, antis (abl. com. animante, but animanti in Cic. Tim. 6; gen. plur. animantium in Cic., animantum in Lucr., Manil. 4, 374, and App. Mag. 64, p. 536),a.P. a., animate, living:b.quos (deos) Vitellius ne animantes quidem esse concedat,
Cic. N. D. 3, 4, 11:mundum ipsum animantem sapientemque esse,
id. ib. 1, 10, 23:animans composque rationis mundus est,
id. ib. 2, 8, 22. —Hence,Subst., any living, animate being; an animal (orig. in a wider sense than animal, since it included men, animals, and plants; but usu., like that word, for animals in opp. to men. The gender varies in the best class. writers between masc., fem., and neutr. When it designates man, it is masc.; brutes, com. fem.; in its widest sense, it is neutr.):sunt quaedam, quae animam habent, nec sunt animalia, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 58, 10 sq.; Lucr. 2, 669; 2, 943:genus omne animantum,
id. 1, 4; so id. 1, 194; 1, 350; 1, 1033; 1, 1038; 2, 78; 2, 880; 2, 921; 2, 943; 2, 1063; 2, 1071; 3, 266; 3, 417; 3, 720; 5, 431; 5, 855;5, 917: animantium genera quattuor,
Cic. Tim. 10; 11 fin.:animantium aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 47, 121:cum ceteras animantes abjecisset ad pastum, solum hominem erexit,
id. Leg. 1, 9, 26:animantia, quae sunt nobis nota,
id. Tim. 4.—Of animals, living beings, as opp. to plants:Jam vero vites sic claviculis adminicula tamquam manibus adprehendunt atque ita se erigunt, ut animantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120.— Of man: hic stilus haud petet ultro Quemquam animantem, * Hor. S. 2, 1, 40.— Comp., sup., and adv. not used. -
60 consido
con-sīdo, sēdi (also -sīdi, Enn. ap. Gell. 4, 7, v. Sat., v. 14 Vahl.; Tac. A. 1, 30 fin.; Gell. 5, 4, 1; cf. Wagner ad Verg. E. 7, 1; Neue, Formenl. II. p. 501), sessum, 3, v. n., to sit down (esp. of a multitude), take a seat, be seated, to settle (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. with in and abl., sub and abl., ante, the simple abl., or absol.I.Lit.A.In gen.(α).Absol.:(β).salutatio hospitalis... fuit, positisque sedibus consederunt,
Liv. 42, 39, 8:scio apud vos filio in conspectu matris nefas esse considere,
Curt. 5, 2, 22:illi jussi considere affirmant, etc.,
id. 7, 6, 6:nec aut recubet aut considat pastor,
Col. 7, 3, 26:vix consideramus, et nox, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 14.—With designation of place:B.si videtur, considamus hic in umbrā,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7; cf.:in pratulo propter Platonis statuam,
id. Brut. 6, 24:certo in loco,
id. Sen. 18, 63:in arā,
Nep. Paus. 4, 4:in molli herbā,
Verg. E. 3, 55:in illo caespite,
Ov. M. 13, 931:examen in arbore consederat,
Liv. 21, 46, 2:in rupe,
Curt. 3, 1, 4:in sellā,
id. 5, 2, 13:in turre consedit avis,
id. 4, 6, 11:dormienti in labellis (apes),
Cic. Div. 1, 36, 78:sub argutā ilice,
Verg. E. 7, 1:hic corylis mixtas inter ulmos,
id. ib. 5, 3:ante focos scamnis longis,
Ov. F. 6, 305:super ripam stagni,
id. M. 6, 373:transtris,
Verg. A. 4, 573:ipsae (apes) medicatis sedibus,
id. G. 4, 65:solio medius consedit avito,
id. A. 7, 169:mecum saxo,
Ov. M. 1, 679:tergo tauri,
id. ib. 2, 869.— Impers.:in silvam venitur et ibi considitur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 18.—Of soldiers in battle array:triarii sub vexillis considebant, sinistro crure porrecto, scuta innixa umeris... tenentes,
Liv. 8, 8, 10.—In partic.1.In assemblies of the people, courts of justice, theatres, etc., to take one's place, take a seat, sit, hold sessions, to be in session:2.cum in theatro imperiti homines consederant,
Cic. Fl. 7, 16;so of senators,
Suet. Aug. 35.—Of judges:quo die primum judices, citati in hunc reum consedistis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 19; Liv. 26, 48, 9; Ov. M. 11, 157; 12, 627:ad jus dicendum,
Liv. 34, 61, 15:introductum in tabernaculum (Persea) adversus advocatos in consilium considere jussit,
id. 45, 7, 5; Suet. Calig. 38:in orchestrā,
id. Aug. 44:inter patres,
Tac. A. 13, 54.—Milit. t. t., to encamp, pitch a camp, take post somewhere; with in and abl.:3.quo in loco Germani consederant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 49; so Sall. J. 49, 1; Liv. 4, 17, 12; 10, 4, 11.—With sub: sub monte consedit, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 21; Sall. C. 57, 3:trans flumen,
Caes. B. G. 2, 16:contra eum duūm milium spatio,
id. ib. 3, 17:nuntiant Jugurtham circiter duūm milium intervallo ante eos consedisse,
Sall. J. 106, 5:prope Cirtam haud longe a mari,
id. ib. 21, 2:inter virgulta,
id. ib. 49, 5:superioribus locis,
id. ib. 51, 3:ubi cuique vallis abdita spem praesidii aut salutis aliquam offerebat, consederat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf. Curt. 7, 7, 31:haud procul,
id. 4, 12, 4.—To settle down for a long time or permanently, to take up one's abode, to establish one's self:4.qui etiam dubitem, an hic Antii considam,
Cic. Att. 2, 6, 2:antequam aliquo loco consedero, neque longas a me neque semper meā manu litteras exspectabis,
id. ib. 5, 14, 1:Belgas propter loci fertilitatem ibi consedisse,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:in Ubiorum finibus,
id. ib. 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 1, 31:vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis?
Verg. A. 1, 572:terrā,
id. ib. 4, 349.—With in and acc.:in novam urbem,
Curt. 7, 4, 23.—Of inanim. objects, esp. of places, to settle, sink down, sink in, give way, subside, etc.:II.in Veliterno agro terra ingentibus cavernis consedit arboresque in profundum haustae,
Liv. 30, 38, 8; cf.:terra in ingentem sinum consedit,
id. 30, 2, 12:(Alpes) jam licet considant!
may now sink down, Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:omne mihi visum considere in ignis Ilium,
to sink down, Verg. A. 2, 624; 9, 145; cf.:Ilium ardebat, neque adhuc consederat ignis,
Ov. M. 13, 408:in cinerem,
Stat. Th. 3, 185:cum omnia sacra profanaque in ignem considerent,
Tac. H. 3, 33 fin.: quā mitescentia Alpium juga considunt, sink, i. e. are lower, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 147:patiemur picem considere, et cum siderit, aquam eliquabimus,
Col. 12, 24, 2:donec consideret pulvis,
Curt. 5, 13, 12:cum in cacuminibus montium nubes consident,
Plin. 18, 35, 82, § 356:tumidi considunt fluctus,
Sil. 17, 291.—Trop.A.In gen.:B.multa bona in pectore consident,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; Cic. Univ. 2:justitia cujus in mente consedit,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; id. Har. Resp. 12, 24.— Poet.: totam videmus Consedisse urbem luctu, sunk or immersed in grief, Verg. A. 11, 350 (in luctum esse demersum, Serv.). —In partic.1.(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To settle down permanently, sink:2.in otio,
Cic. Att. 2, 4, 2:hoc totum (genus dicendi) in eā mediocritate consedit,
id. Or. 27, 96:antequam ego incipio secedere et in aliā parte considere,
i. e. change the subject, Sen. Ep. 117, 4.—(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To lose force, abate, subside, diminish; to be appeased, quieted, to cease:* b.ardor animi cum consedit, omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris exstinguitur,
Cic. Brut. 24, 93:consederit furor,
id. Ac. 2, 27, 88:ferocia ab re bene gestā,
Liv. 42, 62, 3:primus terror ab necopinato visu,
id. 33, 7, 5:bella,
Sil. 16, 218:quia praesentia satis consederant,
Tac. A. 1, 30 fin.:consedit utriusque nomen in quaesturā,
i. e. has since that time ceased, Cic. Mur. 8, 18.—Of discourse, to sink; to conclude, end:eorum verborum junctio nascatur a proceris numeris ac liberis... sed varie distincteque considat,
Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191.
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