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61 gratter
I.v. trans.1. To beat, to get the better of someone. Il pensait me gratter, mais je l'ai eu au finish: He thought he could beat me, but I showed him who was boss.2. To 'show a clean pair of heels', to pass someone, to overtake. Il a été gratte d'une longueur (Racing slang): He was beaten by a length.3. Gratter les fonds de tiroir: To scrape the bottom of the financial barrel.4. Gratter du jambonneau: To play the mandolin or the guitar.5. En gratter pour: To be 'spoony on', to 'have a crush on', to be infatuated with. Je crois qu'elle en gratte pour ma pomme: I think she's doolally on me.II.v. intrans. To work, to be employed. Il gratte chez Renault: He's got a job with Renault. Dans ce boulot il faut drôlement gratter: If you want to keep that job you've got to graft.III.v. trans. reflex.1. To hesitate, to want to think things over. Je me gratte pour savoir si je pars en vacances: I'm not quite sure I want to go on holiday.2. Pouvoir toujours se gratter (iron.): To 'have another think coming', to be under a serious misapprehension. Il peut toujours se gratter s'il pense que je vais lui prêter du fric! He doesn't stand a cat-in-hell's chance of getting any money off me!3. Se gratter la couenne: To be bored to sobs. (This is a jocular reference to shaving as in the synonymous expression se raser.) -
62 sonner
v. trans.1. To 'bash', to pummel, to beat up. Qu'est-ce qu'il s'est fait sonner dans le dernier round! The other chap beat the living daylights out of him at the end of the fight!2. To 'give someone a rocket', to tell someone off in no uncertain manner (also: sonner les cloches à quelqu'un).3. To 'strike someone dumb', to stun someone into silence with an apt or scathing repartee.4. On ne t'a pas (also: on ne vous a pas) sonné! (iron.): Who asked you for your advice?! — Keep your comments to yourself! -
63 обивать
несов. - обива́ть, сов. - оби́ть1) (вн. с рд.; сбивать ударами) beat (d off)2) (вн.; приделывать обивку) upholster (d)обива́ть желе́зом — bind (d) with iron
••обива́ть поро́ги — beat down doors; (у кого́-л) haunt smb's doorway
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64 hammer
1. n молоток, молот2. n молоток, молоточекdouble-faced hammer — двухбойковый молоток; двухбоевой молот
3. n молоток аукционера4. n анат. молоточек5. n спорт. молот6. n спорт. метание молотаpneumatic hammer — пневматический молот, пневмоперфоратор
7. n спорт. воен. курок; ударник8. n спорт. удар в подбородок сверхуhammer blow — тяжёлый, сокрушительный удар
9. n спорт. разг. здоровенный детина, боксёр10. n спорт. амер. сл. педаль газа, акселератор11. v бить молотом; вбивать, забивать молотком12. v ковать; чеканить13. v бить, наносить удары; колотить, дубаситьto hammer the enemy — бить врага; обрушиться на врага
14. v разрабатывать, работать над составлениемhammer away — работать долго, без перерывов
15. v вбивать, втолковыватьto hammer home — довести до сознания, втолковать
hammer in — вбивать, вколачивать
16. v упорно работать; долбить17. v амер. разг. раскритиковать, разгромить в пух и и прах18. v амер. разг. критиковать, прорабатывать, чихвостить19. v амер. разг. разг. наскочить, налететь20. v амер. разг. стучать21. v амер. разг. колотиться22. v бирж. проф. объявить банкротом23. v бирж. проф. сбиватьСинонимический ряд:1. tool for pounding (noun) ball peen hammer; claw hammer; gavel; knocker; mace; mallet; maul; sledge hammer; tool for pounding2. beat (verb) baste; batter; beat; belabor; belabour; buffet; drub; forge; lam; lambaste; malleate; paste; pelt; pummel; thrash; tromp; wallop; whop3. hit with a hammer (verb) bang; hit with a hammer; pound; pound on; ram; strike; whack4. impress (verb) drive; grave; impress; stamp -
65 pelt
1. n шкура, кожа2. n шкурка3. n шутл. человеческая кожа4. n бросание, швыряние5. n сильный удар6. n стук дождя или града7. n диал. вспышка гнева8. v бросать, швырять; забрасывать9. v обрушиваться10. v стучать, барабанить11. v бить, колотить12. v броситься, ринуться13. n геол. нечистый, кеннельский уголь14. n диал. отбросыСинонимический ряд:1. blow (noun) blow; stroke2. skin (noun) coat; fell; fleece; fur; hair; hide; jacket; peltry; skin; wool3. beat (verb) baste; batter; beat; belabor; belabour; buffet; drub; hammer; hit; knock; lam; lambaste; paste; pound; pummel; strike; thrash; tromp; wallop; whop4. cast (verb) cast; heave; hurl; sling; throw5. hurry (verb) barrel; barrelhouse; beeline; bolt; bucket; bullet; bustle; dart; dash; fleet; flit; fly; haste; hasten; highball; hotfoot; hurry; hustle; race; rock; rocket; run; rush; sail; scoot; scour; scurry; shoot; skin; smoke; speed; sprint; stave; whirl; whish; whisk; whiz; zip -
66 rod
rod [rɒd](a) (of metal) tige f; (of wood) baguette f; (for curtains, carpet) tringle f; (for fishing) canne f; (for punishment → stiff) baguette f; (→ flexible) verge f; School (pointer) baguette f;∎ to be beaten with a rod recevoir des coups de baguette;∎ to fish with rod and line pêcher à la ligne;∎ rod fishing pêche f à la ligne;∎ rods (mechanism) tringlerie f, timonerie f;∎ figurative to rule with a rod of iron gouverner d'une main ou poigne de fer;∎ figurative to make a rod for one's own back s'attirer des ennuis;∎ figurative a rod to beat oneself with des verges pour se faire battre;∎ that would be giving them a rod to beat us with ce serait leur donner des bâtons pour nous faire battre(b) (of uranium) barre f(c) (symbol of office) verge f(d) (for surveying) mire f(f) (linear or square measure) ≃ perche f -
67 Tompion, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]baptized 25 July 1639 Ickwell Green, Englandd. 20 November 1713 London, England[br]English clock-and watchmaker of great skill and ingenuity who laid the foundations of his country's pre-eminence in that field.[br]Little is known about Tompion's early life except that he was born into a family of blacksmiths. When he was admitted into the Clockmakers' Company in 1671 he was described as a "Great Clockmaker", which meant a maker of turret clocks, and as these clocks were made of wrought iron they would have required blacksmithing skills. Despite this background, he also rapidly established his reputation as a watchmaker. In 1674 he moved to premises in Water Lane at the sign of "The Dial and Three Crowns", where his business prospered and he remained for the rest of his life. Assisted by journeymen and up to eleven apprentices at any one time, the output from his workshop was prodigious, amounting to over 5,000 watches and 600 clocks. In his lifetime he was famous for his watches, as these figures suggest, but although they are of high quality they do not differ markedly from those produced by other London watchmakers of that period. He is now known more for the limited number of elaborate clocks that he produced, such as the equation clock and the spring-driven clock of a year's duration, which he made for William III. Around 1711 he took into partnership his nephew by marriage, George Graham, who carried on the business after his death.Although Tompion does not seem to have been particularly innovative, he lived at a time when great advances were being made in horology, which his consummate skill as a craftsman enabled him to exploit. In this he was greatly assisted by his association with Robert Hooke, for whom Tompion constructed a watch with a balance spring in 1675; at that time Hooke was trying to establish his priority over Huygens for this invention. Although this particular watch was not successful, it made Tompion aware of the potential of the balance spring and he became the first person in England to apply Huygens's spiral spring to the balance of a watch. Although Thuret had constructed such a watch somewhat earlier in France, the superior quality of Tompion's wheel work, assisted by Hooke's wheel-cutting engine, enabled him to dominate the market. The anchor escapement (which reduced the amplitude of the pendulum's swing) was first applied to clocks around this time and produced further improvements in accuracy which Tompion and other makers were able to utilize. However, the anchor escapement, like the verge escapement, produced recoil (the clock was momentarily driven in reverse). Tompion was involved in attempts to overcome this defect with the introduction of the dead-beat escapement for clocks and the horizontal escapement for watches. Neither was successful, but they were both perfected later by George Graham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMaster of the Clockmakers' Company 1703.Bibliography1695, with William Houghton and Edward Barlow, British patent no. 344 (for a horizontal escapement).Further ReadingR.W.Symonds, 1951, Thomas Tompion, His Life and Work, London (a comprehensive but now slightly dated account).H.W.Robinson and W.Adams (eds), 1935, The Diary of Robert Hooke (contains many references to Tompion).D.Howse, 1970, The Tompion clocks at Greenwich and the dead-beat escapement', Antiquarian Horology 7:18–34, 114–33.DV -
68 instrument
1) прибор
2) измерительный прибор
3) приборный
4) инструмент
5) оснащать приборами
6) аппарат
7) аппаратурный
8) орудие
– airborne instrument
– angular instrument
– astatic instrument
– astronomical instrument
– astrophysical instrument
– back-connected instrument
– block instrument
– commercial instrument
– dead-beat instrument
– dispersion of instrument
– draftsman's instrument
– end instrument
– enter the instrument
– geodetic instrument
– hand-held instrument
– heat-loss instrument
– height of an instrument
– height of instrument
– horizon of instrument
– hot-wire instrument
– indicating instrument
– induction-type instrument
– instrument a code
– instrument altitude
– instrument amplifier
– instrument autotransformer
– instrument base
– instrument board
– instrument box
– instrument capacitor
– instrument case
– instrument cluster
– instrument column
– instrument cord
– instrument desk
– instrument drift
– instrument error
– instrument face
– instrument flight
– instrument inspection
– instrument lag
– instrument landing
– instrument multiplier
– instrument needle
– instrument oil
– instrument panel
– instrument resistor
– instrument shunt
– instrument take-off
– instrument transducer
– instrument transformer
– lag-free instrument
– measuring instrument
– meridian instrument
– moving-iron instrument
– pointer-type instrument
– portable instrument
– precision instrument
– radiac instrument
– read instrument
– reading of an instrument
– recording instrument
– rectifier instrument
– rectifier-type instrument
– reference instrument
– single-range instrument
– solar instrument
– split-electromagnet instrument
– suppressed-zero instrument
– surveying instrument
– switchboard instrument
– thermal instrument
– token instrument
– totalizing instrument
– track instrument
– vacuum-tube instrument
– vibrating-reed instrument
– working instrument
check calibration of instrument — поверять измерительный прибор
permanent-magnet moving-iron instrument — <tech.> прибор магнитоэлектрический, прибор рамочный, прибор электромагнитный поляризованный
pressure control instrument — <tech.> маностат
vertical instrument section — <tech.> надпанель
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69 fua
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua nguo[English Word] launder[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] utaweza, lakini, kufua na kuosha vyombo [Abd]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua nguo[English Word] wash clothes[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] utaweza, lakini, kufua na kuosha vyombo [Abd]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua[English Word] strike[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua[English Word] beat[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua[English Word] hammer[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua nazi[English Word] remove the husk from a coconut[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua[English Word] forge metal[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua dafu[English Word] be capable of doing something[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Definition] weza jambo[Swahili Example] Amejaribu, lakini hafui dafu.[English Example] He tried, but he's incapable.------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua fedha[English Word] hammer silver[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] fua[Swahili Plural] fua[English Word] wooden bowl[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] fua[Swahili Plural] mafua[English Word] washtub[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Item(s) below have not yet been grouped within the headword fua[Swahili Word] -fua chuma[English Word] hammer iron[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -fua vyuma[English Word] forge iron[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] fua V------------------------------------------------------------ -
70 Kreuz
Adv.: kreuz und quer parken / liegen etc. be parked / lying etc. all over the place; kreuz und quer durch die Stadt gehen walk this way and that all through the town* * *(Spielkartenfarbe) clubs;das Kreuz(Form) cross;(Musik) sharp; sharp sign* * *I[krɔyts]nt -es, -edas Kréúz des Südens (Astron) — the Southern Cross
jdn ans Kréúz schlagen or nageln — to nail sb to the cross
ein Kréúz schlagen or machen — to make the sign of the cross
zwei Gegenstände über Kréúz legen — to put two objects crosswise one on top of the other
es ist ein or ich habe mein Kréúz mit ihm/damit — he's/it's an awful problem
zu Kréúze kriechen (fig) — to eat humble pie, to eat crow (US)
ich habe Schmerzen im Kréúz — I've got (a) backache
ich habs im Kréúz (inf) — I have back trouble
aufs Kréúz fallen — to fall on one's back; (fig inf) to be staggered (inf), to fall through the floor (inf)
See:→ leiern3) (ARCHIT = Fensterkreuz) mullion and transom5) (= Autobahnkreuz) intersectiondie Kréúzdame — the Queen of Clubs
7) (TYP) dagger, obeliskIIfin die Kréúz und in die Quer — this way and that
* * *1) ((sometimes treated as noun singular) one of the four card suits which is black and shaped like a clover: the six of clubs.) clubs2) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) cross3) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) cross4) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) cross5) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) cross6) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) cross7) (a sign (\#) to show that a note is to be raised a semitone.) sharp* * *<-es, -e>[krɔyts]ntjdn ans \Kreuz schlagen to nail sb to the cross, to crucify sb2. (Symbol) crucifixdas Eiserne \Kreuz the Iron Crossdas Rote \Kreuz the Red Crossdas \Kreuz nehmen to embark on a crusade3. (Zeichen in Form eines Kreuzes) crossein \Kreuz schlagen [o machen] to cross oneself, to make the sign of the crossüber[s] \Kreuz crosswisees im \Kreuz haben (fam) to have back troubleeine Frau aufs \Kreuz legen (sl) to lay a woman7. MUS sharp8.▶ mit jdm über \Kreuz liegen to be on bad terms [or at daggers drawn] with sb▶ ein \Kreuz hinter jdm schlagen [o machen] (fam) to be glad when sb has left, to bid sb good riddance▶ das \Kreuz des Südens the Southern Cross* * *das; Kreuzes, Kreuze1) cross; (Symbol) cross; crucifixetwas über Kreuz legen/falten — lay something down/fold something crosswise
jemanden ans Kreuz schlagen od. nageln — nail somebody to the cross
das/ein Kreuz schlagen — make the sign of the cross; (sich bekreuzigen) cross oneself
drei Kreuze machen — (ugs.) heave a sigh of relief
2) o. Pl. (Leid) crosssein Kreuz auf sich nehmen/tragen — take up/bear one's cross
es ist ein Kreuz mit jemandem/etwas — (ugs.) somebody is a real strain or is really trying/something is a real problem
3) (Teil des Rückens) small of the backich hab's im Kreuz — (ugs.) I've got back trouble or a bad back
jemanden aufs Kreuz legen — (salopp) take somebody for a ride (fig. coll.)
4) (Kartenspiel) clubs pl.; (Karte) club; s. auch Pik II5) (Kreuzung) interchange6) (Musik) sharp* * *1. cross; (Kruzifix) crucifix;über Kreuz crosswise;das Eiserne Kreuz the Iron Cross;das Rote Kreuz the Red Cross;Kreuz des Südens ASTRON Southern Crosssein Kreuz auf sich nehmen/tragen take up/bear one’s cross;zu Kreuze kriechen eat humble pie, US auch eat crow;er ist mit ihm über(s) Kreuz they’ve fallen out (with each other);ich hab drei Kreuze gemacht umg I was glad to see ( oder hear) the last of that, I heaved a sigh of relief3. ANAT lower back, small of the back;jemandem etwas aus dem Kreuz leiern umg scrounge sth off sb;(beinah[e]) aufs Kreuz fallen be flabbergasted, be knocked sideways4. (Autobahnkreuz) intersection;rund um das Kreuz München-Nord werden Staus gemeldet there are jams all around the Munich North intersectionist Trumpf clubs are trump(s)6. MUS sharp7. TYPO daggerKreuz… im subst, Spielkarte: … of clubs* * *das; Kreuzes, Kreuze1) cross; (Symbol) cross; crucifixetwas über Kreuz legen/falten — lay something down/fold something crosswise
jemanden ans Kreuz schlagen od. nageln — nail somebody to the cross
das/ein Kreuz schlagen — make the sign of the cross; (sich bekreuzigen) cross oneself
drei Kreuze machen — (ugs.) heave a sigh of relief
2) o. Pl. (Leid) crosssein Kreuz auf sich nehmen/tragen — take up/bear one's cross
es ist ein Kreuz mit jemandem/etwas — (ugs.) somebody is a real strain or is really trying/something is a real problem
3) (Teil des Rückens) small of the backich hab's im Kreuz — (ugs.) I've got back trouble or a bad back
jemanden aufs Kreuz legen — (salopp) take somebody for a ride (fig. coll.)
5) (Kreuzung) interchange6) (Musik) sharp* * *-e n.cross n.(§ pl.: crosses)crucifix n. -
71 hard
1. adjectivedrive a hard bargain — hart verhandeln
2) (difficult) schwer; schwierigit is hard to do something — es ist schwer, etwas zu tun
make it hard for somebody [to do something] — es jemandem schwer machen[, etwas zu tun]
[choose to] go about/do something the hard way — es sich (Dat.) bei etwas unnötig schwer machen
be hard going — [Buch:] sich schwer lesen; [Arbeit:] anstrengend sein
play hard to get — (coll.) so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
have a hard time doing something — Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu tun
it's a hard life — (joc.) das Leben ist schwer
it is [a bit] hard on him — es ist [schon] schlimm für ihn
hard luck — (coll.) Pech
3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]try one's hardest to do something — sich nach Kräften bemühen, etwas zu tun
5) (unfeeling) hartbe hard [up]on somebody — streng mit jemandem sein
2. adverbtake a hard line [with somebody on something] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.)] eine harte Linie [gegenüber jemandem] vertreten
1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]concentrate hard/harder — sich sehr/mehr konzentrieren
be hard at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) intensiv od. konzentriert arbeiten
2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]be hard up — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)
4)be hard put to it [to do something] — große Schwierigkeiten haben[, etwas zu tun]
5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]* * *1. adjective2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) schwer, schwierig3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) hart5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hart6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hart2. adverb1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hart3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) anstarren4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) sehr•- academic.ru/33648/harden">harden- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up* * *[hɑ:d, AM hɑ:rd]I. adj1. (solid) hart\hard cash Bargeld nt\hard cheese Hartkäse m\hard currency harte Währung2. (tough) person zäh, harthe's a \hard one er ist ein ganz Harter3. (difficult) schwierigshe had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sieit's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu seinif she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlento be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben seinto do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwermachento find sth \hard to believe [or swallow] etw kaum glauben könnento get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werdenit's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen4. (laborious) anstrengend, mühevollthe mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigena \hard fight ein harter Kampf a. figto give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschiebento be \hard work harte Arbeit sein; studies anstrengend [o schwer] sein; text schwer zu lesen sein, sich akk schwer lesento be a \hard worker fleißig seinshe's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraftena \hard blow ein harter Schlaga \hard heart ein hartes Herza \hard life ein hartes Lebena \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeberto give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwermachen▪ to be \hard on sb/sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen6. (harmful)▪ to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazierenI'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleißto be \hard on the eyes monitor die Augen überanstrengen7. (unfortunate) hart▪ to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein8. (extreme) hart\hard frost/winter strenger Frost/Wintera \hard light ein grelles Lichtto take a \hard line eine harte Linie verfolgen9. (reliable) sicher, fest10. (potent) stark\hard drinks/drugs harte Getränke/Drogena \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin\hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsumto be into [or to do] \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen11. (with lime)\hard water hartes Wasser12. (scrutinizing)13. TYPO14. LING\hard consonant harter Konsonant15. NUCL16.▶ to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein▶ to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen seinII. adv1. (solid) hartboiled \hard hart gekochtto set \hard glue, varnish hart werden, aushärten fachspr; concrete, mortar fest werden, abbinden fachspr2. (vigorously) fest[e], kräftigthink \hard! denk mal genau nach!to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tunto exercise \hard hart trainierento press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehento study \hard fleißig lernento work \hard hart arbeiten3. (severely) schwerhis parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer4. (closely) knapp\hard by in nächster Näheto follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein5. (copiously)it was raining \hard es regnete starkto die \hard [nur] langsam sterbenthe old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht aus7.* * *[hAːd]1. adj (+er)1) (= not soft) hart2) (= difficult) schwer, schwierigthis is hard to do, it is hard to do — es ist schwer, das zu tun
stories that are hard to understand — Geschichten, die schwer verständlich sind
she is hard to please — man kann ihr kaum etwas recht machen
it's hard to tell — es lässt sich schwer sagen, es ist schwer zu sagen
she found it hard to make friends — es fiel ihr schwer, Freunde zu finden
to play hard to get — so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
it was very hard work in the shop — die Arbeit in dem Geschäft war sehr anstrengend
he's hard work (inf) — er ist ziemlich anstrengend (inf)
getting on with him is hard work (inf) it was hard work for me not to swear at him — es gehört schon etwas dazu, mit ihm auszukommen (inf) es hat mich große Mühe gekostet, ihn nicht zu beschimpfen
this novel is hard going — durch diesen Roman muss man sich mühsam durchbeißen
chatting her up is hard going (inf) — es ist gar nicht so einfach, sie anzumachen (inf)
to give sb/sth a hard push — jdm/etw einen harten Stoß versetzen
to give sth a hard pull or tug — kräftig an etw (dat) ziehen
it was a hard blow or knock ( for or to them) (fig) — es war ein schwerer Schlag (für sie)
5) (= severe, tough) person, look, eyes, smile, voice, life hart; winter, frost streng, hartI had a hard time finding a job — ich hatte Schwierigkeiten, eine Stelle zu finden
he had a hard time of it — er hat es nicht leicht gehabt; (in negotiations, boxing match etc) es hat ihn einen harten Kampf gekostet; (with illness, operation etc) es war eine schwere Zeit für ihn
hard times — schwere Zeiten pl
to be as hard as nails — knallhart sein (inf)
See:→ also nut7) (= real, unquestionable) facts, information gesichert8)See:2. adv1) (= with effort) work hart, schwer; run, drive sehr schnell; breathe schwer; study, play eifrig; (= carefully) listen, look genau, gut; think scharf, angestrengt; (= strongly, forcefully) push, pull kräftig, fest; laugh, scream, cry, beg sehr; rain, snow stark; blow kräftigsince 7 this morning — ich bin seit heute Morgen um 7 schwer am Werk or schwer dabei (inf)
she works hard at keeping herself fit — sie gibt sich viel Mühe, sich fit zu halten
no matter how hard I try... — wie sehr ich mich auch anstrenge,...
if you try hard you can do it — wenn du dich richtig bemühst or anstrengst, kannst du es tun
he listened hard (straining to hear) —
2)(= severely)
to be hard pushed or put to do sth — es sehr schwer finden, etw zu tunto clamp down hard —
it'll go hard for or with him if... (= it will cost him dear) — er wird Schwierigkeiten bekommen, wenn... es kann ihn teuer zu stehen kommen, wenn...
he reckons he's hard done by having to work on Saturdays — er findet es ungerecht, dass er samstags arbeiten muss
she took it very hard — es traf sie sehr or schwer, es ging ihr sehr nahe
See:→ also hard-pressed3)(= as far as possible)
hard right/left — scharf rechts/linksto turn/go hard round — eine scharfe Kehrtwendung machen
bear hard round to your left —
to lock hard over hard a-port/a-starboard/astern etc (Naut) — voll einschlagen hart backbord/steuerbord/nach achtern etc
4)following hard upon the opening of the new cinema —
See:→ also heel* * *hard [hɑː(r)d]A adj1. allg hart: → cheese12. fest (Knoten)3. schwer, schwierig:a) mühsam, anstrengend:hard work harte Arbeit;it is quite hard work es ist ganz schön anstrengend ( doing zu tun);hard to believe kaum zu glauben;hard to please schwer zufriedenzustellen;he is hard to please man kann es ihm nur schwer recht machen, er ist sehr anspruchsvoll;hard to imagine schwer vorstellbar;it is hard for me to accept this thesis es fällt mir schwer, diese These zu akzeptieren;he made it hard for me to believe him er machte es mir schwer, ihm zu glauben; → graft2 A 1, way1 Bes Redewb) schwer verständlich, schwer zu bewältigen(d):hard problems schwierige Probleme4. hart, zäh, widerstandsfähig:in hard condition SPORT konditionsstark, fit;5. hart, angestrengt, intensiv (Studium etc)6. fleißig, tüchtig:he is a hard worker er ist enorm fleißig;try one’s hardest sich alle Mühe geben7. heftig, stark (Regen etc):a hard blow ein harter Schlag, fig a. ein schwerer Schlag;hard drinker starke(r) Trinker(in);a hard service (Tennis) ein harter Aufschlag;be hard on Kleidung, einen Teppich etc strapazieren;be hard on the eyes die Augen anstrengen;be hard on the legs in die Beine gehen9. hart, gefühllos, streng:hard words harte Worte;a) jemanden hart oder ungerecht behandeln,b) jemandem hart zusetzen10. hart, drückend:it is hard on him es ist hart für ihn, es trifft ihn schwer;be hard on the pocket kaum erschwinglich sein;price increases are hardest on the pockets of the poor Preiserhöhungen treffen immer die Armen am meisten;hard times schwere Zeiten;a) Schlimmes durchmachen (müssen),b) sich schwertun ( with mit);have a hard time getting sth es schwer haben, etwas zu bekommen;he had a hard time getting up early es fiel ihm schwer, früh aufzustehen;give sb a hard time jemandem das Leben schwer machen11. hart:the hard facts die unumstößlichen oder nackten Tatsachen12. nüchtern, kühl (überlegend), unsentimental:a hard businessman ein kühler Geschäftsmann;he has a hard head er denkt nüchtern13. sauer, herb (Getränk)14. hart (Droge), (Getränk auch) stark:15. PHYS hart (Wasser etc):hard tube Hochvakuumröhre f16. AGR hart, Hart…:18. hart (Farben, Stimme)19. PHONa) hart, stimmlosb) nicht palatalisiert20. hard of hearing schwerhöriga) in (Geld)Schwierigkeiten, schlecht bei Kasse,b) in Verlegenheit ( for um)B adv1. hart, fest:frozen hard hart gefroren2. fig hart, schwer:brake hard scharf bremsen;drink hard ein starker Trinker sein;it will go hard with him es wird ihm schlecht ergehen;a) jemandem einen harten oder heftigen Schlag versetzen,look hard at scharf ansehen;be hard pressed, be hard put to it in schwerer Bedrängnis sein;they are taking it very hard es ist ein schwerer Schlag für sie;think hard scharf oder angestrengt nachdenken;4. nahe, dicht:C s1. Br festes Uferland2. Br sl Zwangsarbeit f* * *1. adjective1) hart; stark, heftig [Regen]; gesichert [Beweis, Zahlen, Daten, Information]2) (difficult) schwer; schwierigit is hard to do something — es ist schwer, etwas zu tun
make it hard for somebody [to do something] — es jemandem schwer machen[, etwas zu tun]
[choose to] go about/do something the hard way — es sich (Dat.) bei etwas unnötig schwer machen
be hard going — [Buch:] sich schwer lesen; [Arbeit:] anstrengend sein
play hard to get — (coll.) so tun, als sei man nicht interessiert
have a hard time doing something — Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu tun
it's a hard life — (joc.) das Leben ist schwer
it is [a bit] hard on him — es ist [schon] schlimm für ihn
hard luck — (coll.) Pech
3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]try one's hardest to do something — sich nach Kräften bemühen, etwas zu tun
4) (vigorous) heftig [Angriff, Schlag]; kräftig [Schlag, Stoß, Tritt]; (severe) streng [Winter]5) (unfeeling) hartbe hard [up]on somebody — streng mit jemandem sein
2. adverbtake a hard line [with somebody on something] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.)] eine harte Linie [gegenüber jemandem] vertreten
1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]concentrate hard/harder — sich sehr/mehr konzentrieren
be hard at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) intensiv od. konzentriert arbeiten
2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]be hard up — knapp bei Kasse sein (ugs.)
4)be hard put to it [to do something] — große Schwierigkeiten haben[, etwas zu tun]
5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]* * *adj.hart (Wasser) adj.hart adj.heftig adj.kalkhaltig adj.schwer adj. -
72 schaffen
n; -s, kein Pl. work(s Pl.); sein künstlerisches Schaffen his artistic work, his (works of) art; frohes Schaffen! etwa good luck; iro. etwa don’t work too hard* * *(erschaffen) to create;(verursachen) to raise* * *Schạf|fennt -s, no plsein musikalisches/künstlerisches Schaffen — his musical/artistic works pl or creations pl
* * *1) (to complete (something) successfully: Have you accomplished your task?) accomplish2) (to achieve (something attempted): They brought off an unexpected victory.) bring off3) (to manage to finish or complete: When you've done that, you can start on this; We did a hundred kilometres in an hour.) do4) (to succeed in doing: He's finally pulled it off!) pull off* * *Schaf·fen<-s>[ˈʃafn̩]* * *das; Schaffens (geh.) work* * *schaffen1 v/t; schafft, schuf, hat geschaffen1. (Kunstwerk, Bedingungen, Arbeitsplätze etc) create;sich (dat)Freunde/Feinde schaffen make friends/enemies;er ist zum Lehrer wie geschaffen he’s a born teacher, he’s made to be a teacher;er ist für den Posten wie geschaffen he’s perfect for the job;im Anfang schuf Gott Himmel und Erde BIBEL in the beginning God created heaven and earth2. (imperf auch schaffte) (Ärger, Unruhe, Verdruss etc) cause; jemandem: auch give sb sth;Rat schaffen find a way (out);Linderung schaffen bring relief;Klarheit schaffen clarify the situation; bei falscher Anschuldigung: set the record straight;einen neuen Rekord schaffen set up a new record;Platz für jemanden schaffen make room for sbschaffen2A. v/tviel schaffen (manage to) get a lot done;du schaffst es! you can do it!, you’ll make it!;wir haben es geschafft! we’ve made it!;als Sängerin hat sie es geschafft she made it as a singer;jetzt hast du’s geschafft! iron (etwas kaputt zu machen etc) now you’ve done it!;etwas zeitlich schaffen get sth done in time;etwas geldlich schaffen have the money for sth;ich schaffe das Essen nicht mehr I can’t eat any more;er schafft es einfach nicht, pünktlich zu sein he just can’t bring himself to be punctual;das hat noch keiner geschafft nobody’s managed that before; anerkennend: that was brilliant; (Überraschendes) that’s a new one; iron, Unfähigkeit: that’s unbeatable, that must be a record;ihn schaffst du spielend he’s no match for you, you can beat him with your hands tied behind your back umg3.4. umg:was habt ihr dort zu schaffen? what do you think you’re doing ( oder you’re up to) there?;was (zum Teufel) hast du hier zu schaffen? what (the hell) do you think you’re doing here?;ich weiß gar nicht, was ich hier zu schaffen habe I don’t know what I’m doing hereB. v/i1. (tätig sein) be active, work (hard)2.sich zu schaffen machen an (+dat) einer Sache: busy o.s. with; einem Gerät etc: tinker about with; unbefugt: auch tamper with;da macht sich jemand an Ihrem Auto zu schaffen sb is doing something to your car3.jemandem (schwer) zu schaffen machen give sb a hard time; gesundheitlich: auch play sb up;die Arbeitslosigkeit macht ihm ganz schön zu schaffen unemployment has affected him deeply ( oder is really getting him down);mein Computer macht mir wieder zu schaffen my computer’s playing (US acting) up again4.ich habe damit nichts zu schaffen I’ve got nothing to do with it, I wash my hands of it;mit ihm will ich nichts zu schaffen haben I don’t want anything to do with himC. v/t & v/i besonders dial (arbeiten) work;viel/nichts schaffen do a lot of/not do any work…schaffen n im subst:Kulturschaffen cultural work(s);Kunstschaffen artistic work, (works of) art, objets d’art geh oder hum;Filmschaffen work(s) for the cinema, cinematic art* * *das; Schaffens (geh.) work* * *v.to accomplish v.to create v.to get v.(§ p.,p.p.: got)or p.p.: gotten•)to go on the game (prostitution) expr. -
73 faire
faire [fεʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 60━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque faire est suivi d'un nom dans une locution comme faire une faute, se faire des idées, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque faire est utilisé pour parler d'une activité non précisée, ou qu'il remplace un verbe plus spécifique, il se traduit par to do. Lorsque faire veut dire créer, préparer, fabriquer, il se traduit souvent par to make.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• que fais-tu ce soir ? what are you doing tonight?• que voulez-vous qu'on y fasse ? what can be done about it?• faire 100 km/h to do 100km/h• je n'en ferai rien ! I'll do nothing of the sort!► faire de ( = utiliser) to do with• qu'avez-vous fait de votre sac ? what have you done with your bag?► ne faire quec. ( = créer, préparer, fabriquer) to maked. ( = constituer) c'est ce qui fait tout son charme that's what makes him so charming• faire du piano/du violon to play the piano/the violing. (Medicine) [+ diabète, attaque] to haveh. ( = chercher dans) il a fait toute la ville pour en trouver he's been all over town looking for somei. ( = vendre) nous ne faisons pas cette marque we don't stock that make• je vous le fais à 700 € I'll let you have it for 700 eurosj. ( = mesurer, peser, coûter) to be• combien fait cette chaise ? how much is this chair?• ça fait 130 € that's 130 euros• cela fait combien en tout ? how much is that altogether?k. ( = agir sur, importer) ils ne peuvent rien me faire they can't do anything to me• on ne me la fait pas à moi ! (inf) I wasn't born yesterday!• qu'est-ce que cela peut bien te faire ? what's it to you?• cela ne vous ferait rien de sortir ? would you mind leaving the room?• ne fais pas l'enfant/l'idiot don't be so childish/so stupid• tu fais l'arbitre ? will you be referee?• quel imbécile je fais ! what a fool I am!n. ( = dire) to say• « vraiment ? » fit-il "really?" he saido. (Grammar) « canal » fait »canaux » au pluriel the plural of "canal" is "canaux"2. <• as-tu payé la note ? -- non, c'est lui qui l'a fait did you pay the bill? -- no, he did• puis-je téléphoner ? -- faites, je vous en prie could I use the phone? -- yes, of courseb. ( = agir) faire vite to act quickly• faites vite ! be quick!c. ( = paraître) to look3. <► il fait━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► cela or ça fait... que• cela fait très longtemps que je ne l'ai pas vu I haven't seen him for a very long time it's a long time since I saw him• ça fait que... that means...4. <a. ( = pousser à) to make• faire faire qch par qn to get sth made (or done) by sb• faire faire qch à qn to get sb to do (or to make) sth ; (en le forçant) to make sb do (or make) sthc. ( = laisser) faire entrer qn (qn que l'on attendait) to let sb in ; (qn que l'on n'attendait pas) to ask sb in5. <► se fairea. (pour soi)b. ( = être fait) si ça doit se faire, ça se fera sans moi if it's going to happen, it'll happen without mec. ( = être convenable, courant) ça se fait d'offrir des fleurs à un homme ? is it OK to give flowers to a man?d. (locutions)• se faire beau to make o.s. look nice• sa voix se fit plus douce his voice became softer► se faire + infinitif• faut se le faire ! (inf!) he's a real pain in the neck! (inf)► se faire à ( = s'habituer à) to get used to• il ne s'en fait pas ! he's got a nerve!► il se fait que• comment se fait-il qu'il soit absent ? how come he's not here? (inf)* * *fɛʀ
1.
1) ( produire) to make2) ( façonner) to shape [histoire, période]3) ( étudier) to do [licence, sujet]faire du violon — to study ou play the violin
4) ( préparer) to make [soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]5) ( nettoyer) to do, to clean [vitres]; to clean, to polish [chaussures]7) ( cultiver)faire des céréales — [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals
8) ( se fournir en)faire de l'eau — Nautisme, Chemin de Fer to take on water
faire (de) l'essence — (colloq) Automobile to get petrol GB ou gas US
9) ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do (colloq) [région, musées]10) ( souffrir de) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]11) ( demander un prix)faire quelque chose à 30 francs — to sell something for 30 francs, to charge 30 francs for something
12) ( servir de) to serve as13) (user, disposer de) to doje n'en ai rien à faire — (colloq) I couldn't care less
14) ( avoir un effet)que veux-tu que j'y fasse? — what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?
ça y fait — (colloq) it has an effect
pour ce que ça fait! — (colloq) for all the good it does!
qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? — (colloq) what is it to you?
15) (entraîner, causer)l'explosion a fait 12 morts — the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead
ça ne fait rien! — ( pas grave) it doesn't matter!
ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié — (colloq) as a result I forgot
16) ( transformer) to makefaire d'un garage un atelier — to make ou turn a garage into a workshop
17) ( proclamer)18) ( imiter)19) ( tenir le rôle de) to be20) ( dans un souhait)mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! — God, please let him succeed!
21) (colloq) ( tromper)22) ( dire) to say‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle — ‘of course,’ she said
le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ — the duck says ou goes ‘quack’
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( agir) to do, to actvas-y, mais fais vite! — go, but be quick about it!
fais comme chez toi — lit, iron make yourself at home
2) ( paraître) to look3) (colloq) ( être) to be4) ( durer) to last5) ( valoir)6) ( pour les besoins naturels) to go7) (colloq)faire avec — ( se contenter de) to make do with; ( supporter) to put up with
3.
se faire verbe pronominal1)combien se fait-il (colloq) par mois? — how much does he make a month?
2) ( devenir) to get, to become3) ( se rendre)4) ( s'inquiéter)il ne s'en fait pas! — ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!
5) ( s'habituer)se faire à — to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]
6) ( être d'usage)7) ( être à la mode) to be in (fashion)ça ne se fait plus — it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion
8) ( être produit)9) ( emploi impersonnel)comment se fait-il que...? — how is it that...?
10) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature11) (colloq)il faut se le faire, son copain! — his/her mate is a real pain! (colloq)
12) ( avec infinitif)
••
Un très grand nombre de tournures et locutions contenant ce verbe sont traitées ailleurs, généralement sous le terme qui suit faire, en particulier- les expressions décrivant les tâches domestiques, agricoles (faire la cuisine/moisson), les occupations manuelles (faire du tricot/bricolage), les activités professionnelles ou de loisir (faire du théâtre/de la photo), les types d'études ( faire médecine). Pour ce qui est des jeux, sports et loisirs, voir également la note d'usage correspondante- les locutions décrivant un mouvement, l'expression, un comportement (faire un geste/une grimace/le pitre)- les expressions dans lesquelles faire signifie ‘formuler’ (faire une promesse/offre etc)- les expressions décrivant la qualité de la lumière (il fait jour/sombre) ou l'état du temps- les expressions contenant une mesure (faire 20 mètres de long/15 kilos/20°/15 kilomètres à l'heure etc) pour lesquelles on consultera les notes d'usage- les expressions décrivant une démarche de l'esprit (se faire une opinion/du souci etc)- les expressions indiquant l'effet produit (faire peur/mal/plaisir/du tort etc, faire cuire/sécher/tomber etc)- les locutions telles que faire semblant/exprès, se faire avoir etc- une activité sportive (faire du tennis/de la marche/du parapente)la consultation des notes d'usage vous fournira des traductions utiles. Voir la listeEn outre, certaines entrées telles que combien, ce, que, comment, laisser, rien, mieux, bien etc fourniront également des traductions utilesTo make ou to do?Les principales traductions de faire sont to make et to do mais elles ne sont pas interchangeablesto make traduit faire + objet dénotant ce qui est créé, confectionné, composé, réalisé, obtenu; l'objet est le résultat de l'action: faire son lit/des confitures = to make one's bed/jam; faire un discours/une faute/un bénéfice = to make a speech/a mistake/a profit; je me suis fait un café = I made myself a coffeeto do a le sens plus vague de se livrer à une activité, s'occuper à quelque chose; l'objet peut préciser la nature de l'activité: faire de la recherche/un exercice/une réparation = to do research/an exercise/a repair job; faire son devoir = to do one's dutyou bien la nature de l'activité reste indéterminée: que fait-il (dans la vie)? = what does he do in life?; qu'est-ce que tu fais ce soir? = what are you doing tonight?; la science peut tout faire = science can do anything; j'ai à faire = I have things to doou encore le contexte suggère la nature de l'activité: faire une pièce = to do a room, peut vouloir dire la nettoyer, la ranger, la peindreSi faire remplace un verbe plus précis, on traduira fréquemment par celui-ci: faire une maison/un nid = to build a house/a nest; faire une lettre = to write a letter; faire une visite = to pay a visit; faire un numéro de téléphone = to dial a numberLes périphrases verbales sont parfois rendues par un seul verbe: faire voir (= montrer) = to show; faire du tissage (= tisser) = to weave, mais faire un peu de tissage = to do a bit of weavingFaire + infinitif + quelqu'unfaire + infinitive + quelqu'un, c'est-à-dire obtenir de quelqu'un qu'il agisse d'une certaine manière, se traduit selon le sens de faire, par: to make somebody do something (forcer, être cause que): fais-la lever = make her get up; ça m'a fait rire = it made me laugh; ça fait dormir = it makes you sleep; par to get somebody to do something (inciter): fais-leur prendre un rendez-vous = get them to make an appointment; par to help somebody to do something (aider): faire traverser la rue à un vieillard = to help an old man across the street; mais faire manger un bébé = to feed a child. Dans l'exemple ça fait dormir on notera qu'en anglais le sujet du verbe est toujours exprimé, ce qui n'est pas le cas en français(se) faire faire quelque chose (par quelqu'un) se traduit par to have something done ou made (by somebody), ou, dans une langue plus familière, to get something done ou made (by somebody): (se) faire construire une maison = to have a house built; faire réparer sa voiture = to have ou get one's car repaired; c'est la table qu'il a fait faire = it's the table he had made; elle fait exécuter les travaux par un ami = she's having the work done by a friendexprime soit la continuité: il ne fait que pleuvoir = it never stops raining, it rains all the timesoit la restriction: je ne fais qu'obéir aux ordres = I'm only obeying ordersDans ce cas il sera généralement traduit par to do: ‘je peux regarder? ’ - ‘faites ou faites je vous en prie ’ = ‘may I look?’ - ‘please do’; il souffla, comme il avait vu faire son père = he blew, as he had seen his father do; on veut que je parte, mais je n'en ferai rien = they want me to leave, but I'll do nothing of the sort* * *fɛʀ1. vt1) (= fabriquer) to makeIls font trop de bruit. — They're making too much noise.
2) (= effectuer) to dofaire la vaisselle — to do the dishes, to do the washing up
3) [études, sujet] to doIl fait de l'italien. — He's doing Italian.
4) (pratiquer régulièrement) [musique, rugby] to playIl fait du piano. — He plays the piano.
6) (= visiter)faire l'Europe — to tour Europe, to do Europe
7) (= imiter)8) (= mesurer, totaliser) to be, to make2 et 2 font 4. — 2 and 2 are 4., 2 and 2 make 4.
Ça fait 10 m. — It's 10 m.
Ça fait 15 euros. — It's 15 euros.
Ça fait cinquante-trois euros en tout. — That's fifty-three euros all together., That makes fifty-three euros all together.
Je vous le fais 10 euros. — I'll let you have it for 10 euros.
9) (= dire) to go"Vraiment?" fit-il. — "Really?" he goes.
10) (= souffrir de) [diabète, eczéma] to haveIl regrettait ce qu'il avait fait à son frère. — He was sorry for what he had done to his brother.
faire que (= impliquer que) — to mean that
ce qui fait que... — which means that...
ne faire que (= ne pas arrêter de) Il ne fait que critiquer. — All he ever does is criticize.
2. vi1) (= agir) to actIl faut faire vite. — We must act quickly., It's important to act quickly.
2) (= s'y prendre)comment a-t-il fait pour...? — how did he manage to...?
3) (= paraître) (avec adjectif) to lookTu fais jeune dans cette robe. — That dress makes you look younger.
4) (remplaçant autre verbe) to doNe le casse pas comme je l'ai fait. — Don't break it like I did.
Remets-le en place. - Je viens de le faire. — Put it back in its place.- I just did.
3. vb aux(suivi d'un infinitif) to makefaire tomber qch — to make sth fall, to knock sth over
Le chat a fait tomber le vase. — The cat knocked over the vase.
faire travailler les enfants — to make the children work, to get the children to work
faire réparer qch — to get sth repaired, to have sth repaired
Je dois faire réparer ma voiture. — I've got to get my car repaired.
Elle fait faire des travaux dans sa maison. — She's having some work done on her house.
Il a fait faire son portrait. — He's had his portrait done.
Cela fait faire des économies au consommateur. — This saves the consumer money.
4. vb impers (temps)to beEspérons qu'il fera beau demain. — Let's hope it'll be nice weather tomorrow.
1) (durée)ça fait trois ans qu'ils habitent à Paris — they've lived in Paris for three years, they've been living in Paris for three years
il fait bon; Il fait bon se promener dans cette région. — It's nice to go walking in this area.
Il ne fait pas bon traîner ici le soir. — It's not a good idea to hang around here at night.
* * *faire ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: faireA vtr1 (donner, émettre, produire) to make; le raisin fera un vin excellent the grapes will make ou produce (an) excellent wine; cet arbre fait des fleurs/baies this tree produces flowers/berries; le garage ferait une belle pièce the garage would make a nice room; ils font un beau couple they make a handsome couple; il fera un bon médecin he'll make a good doctor; les qualités qui font un champion the qualities which make a champion; trois et deux font cinq three and two make five; ça fait deux chacun that makes two each; combien font 13 fois 13? what's 13 times 13?; œil fait yeux au pluriel œil is yeux in the plural;2 fig ( façonner) to shape [période]; les événements qui font l'histoire events which shape history;3 ( étudier) to do [licence, diplôme]; on a fait la Chine en géographie we did China in geography; faire du violon to study ou play the violin; tu as fait ton piano? have you practised your piano?; faire une école de commerce/les Beaux-Arts to go to business school/art college;4 ( préparer) to make [sauce, soupe, thé]; to prepare [salade]; faire du poulet to do ou cook a chicken; qu'est-ce que je fais pour le déjeuner? what shall I cook ou prepare for lunch?;6 ( proposer) Comm to do [service, marque]; ( vendre) to do, to sell [article]; ils ne font pas le petit déjeuner/les réparations they don't do breakfast/repairs; je fais beaucoup ce modèle en ce moment I'm selling a lot of this particular model at the moment; l'hôtel fait-il restaurant? does the hotel do meals, does the hotel have a restaurant?;7 (cultiver, produire) Agric faire des céréales [personne] to grow ou do cereals; [région] to produce cereals;8 ( se fournir en) faire de l'eau Naut, Rail to take on water; faire (de) l'essence○ Aut to get petrol GB ou gas US; faire du bois dans la forêt to gather wood in the forest; faire de l'herbe pour les bêtes to cut grass for the animals;9 ( parcourir) to do [distance, trajet]; to go round [magasins, agences]; ( visiter) to do○ [région, ville, musées]; faire 200 kilomètres to do 200 kilometresGB; faire Rome-Nice en avion to do the Rome-Nice journey by plane; représentant qui fait○ la région parisienne rep○ who does the Paris area; j'ai dû faire toute la ville/toutes les boutiques pour trouver ça I had to go all over town/round GB ou around US all the shops to find this; faire la vallée de la Loire to do○ the Loire Valley; faire l'Écosse to visit Scotland; j'ai fait tous les tiroirs mais je ne l'ai pas trouvé I went through all the drawers but I couldn't find it;10 ( dans le domaine de la santé) to have [diabète, tension, complexe]; faire une crise cardiaque to have a heart attack; faire de la fièvre○ to have ou run a temperature; faire de l'angine de poitrine to get angina; elle m'a encore fait une otite○! she's had another ear-infection!;11 ( demander un prix) faire qch à 30 euros to sell sth for 30 euros, to charge 30 euros for sth; il me l'a fait à 500 euros he charged me ou sold it to me for 500 euros;12 ( servir de) to serve as; ce coin fera bureau this corner will serve as a study;13 (user, disposer de) to do; que vais-je faire des bagages/enfants? what am I going to do with the luggage/children?; qu'as-tu fait du billet? what have you done with the ticket?; pour ce qu'elle en fait! for all she does with it/them!; pour quoi faire? what for?; je n'ai que faire de I have no need for; je n'en ai rien à faire it's nothing to do with me;14 ( avoir un effet) faire plus de mal que de bien to do more harm than good; qu'as-tu fait à ta sœur? what have you done to your sister?; que veux-tu que j'y fasse? what do you want me to do about it?, what am I supposed to do about it?; le cachet ne m'a rien fait the tablet didn't do anything, the tablet had no effect; ça y fait it has an effect; leur départ ne m'a rien fait their departure didn't affect me at all, their departure left me cold; ça me fait quelque chose de la voir dans cet état it upsets me to see her in that state; ça fait quelque chose pour la grippe? is it any good for flu?; pour ce que ça fait! for all the good it does!; ça ne vous fait rien que je fume? do you mind ou does it bother you if I smoke?; ça ne fait rien à la chose it doesn't alter ou change anything, it makes no difference; qu'est-ce que ça peut bien te faire? what is it to you?;15 (entraîner, causer) faire des jaloux to make some people jealous; ça a fait leur fortune it made them rich; l'explosion a fait 12 morts the explosion killed 12 people, the explosion left 12 people dead; ne t'inquiète pas, ça ne fait rien! don't worry, it doesn't matter!; ça fait ou ce qui fait que j'ai oublié○ as a result I forgot; ‘qu'est-ce que j'ai fait?’-‘tu as fait que tu as menti○’ ‘what have I done?’-‘you lied, that's what you've done’; faites que tout se passe bien make sure that all goes well;16 ( transformer) to make; l'armée en a fait un homme the army made a man of him; ils veulent en faire un avocat they want to make a lawyer of him; elle en a fait sa confidente she's made her her confidante; ça a fait de lui un révolté it turned him into a rebel, it made him a rebel; j'en ai fait un principe I made it a principle; faire d'un garage un atelier to make ou turn a garage into a workshop; faire sien qch to make sth one's own;17 ( proclamer) faire qn duc/général to make sb a duke/general; la presse l'a fait diplomate ( à tort) the press made him out to be a diplomat; ne le fais pas pire qu'il n'est! don't make him out to be worse than he is!, don't paint him blacker than he is!;18 ( imiter) faire le malade/le courageux to pretend to be ill/brave; faire l'ignorant or celui qui ne sait rien to pretend not to know; faire le dictateur to act the dictator;19 ( tenir le rôle de) to be; quel plaisantin vous faites! what a joker you are!; vous ferez les voleurs! Jeux you be the robbers!; l'acteur qui fait le roi○ Cin, Théât the actor who plays the part of the king, the actor who is the king;20 ( dans un souhait) mon Dieu, faites qu'il réussisse! God, please let him succeed!; Dieu or le ciel fasse qu'il ne leur arrive rien! may God ou Heaven protect them!;21 ○( tromper) il me l'a fait au baratin/chantage he talked/blackmailed me into it; on ne me la fait pas! I'm not a fool!, I wasn't born yesterday!B vi1 (agir, procéder) to do, to act; je n'ai pas pu faire autrement I couldn't do otherwise; fais comme tu veux do as you like; elle peut faire mieux she can do better; dans ces situations, il faut faire vite in that sort of situation, one must act quickly; vas-y, mais fais vite! go, but be quick about it!; fais comme chez toi lit, iron make yourself at home;2 ( paraître) to look; faire jeune/son âge to look young/one's age; ça fait bien avec du bleu it looks nice with blue; tes lunettes font très distingué your glasses make you look very distinguished; il croit que ça fait chic de dire ça he thinks it's chic to say that;3 ( être) to be; il veut faire pompier he wants to be a fireman;4 ( dire) to say; ‘bien sûr,’ fit-elle ‘of course,’ she said; le canard fait ‘coin-coin’ the duck says ou goes ‘quack’; faire plouf/aïe etc to go plop/ouch etc;5 ( durer) to last; sa robe lui a fait deux ans her dress lasted her two years;6 (+ adverbe de quantité) ça fait cher/grand/trop etc it is expensive/big/too much etc;7 ( pour les besoins naturels) to go; tu as fait? have you been?; faire dans sa culotte ( déféquer) to dirty one's pants; ( uriner) to wet one's pants; fig to wet oneself;8 ○ faire avec ( se contenter de) to make do with [personne, objet, quantité]; ( supporter) to put up with [personne, situation]; elle est là, et il faudra faire avec she's here, and we'll have to put up with her.C se faire vpr1 (confectionner, exécuter, obtenir pour soi) se faire un café to make oneself a coffee; se faire de l'argent/des amis to make money/friends; se faire ses vêtements to make one's own clothes; se faire la cuisine soi-même to do one's own cooking; combien se fait-il par mois? how much does he make a month? ; se faire un mec◑ to have◑ a man;2 ( devenir) (+ adjectif attribut) to get, to become; (+ nom attribut) to become; il se fait vieux he's getting old; il se fait tard it's getting late; sa voix se fit dure his/her voice hardened ou became hard; se faire avocat to become a lawyer;3 ( se rendre) se faire belle/tout petit to make oneself beautiful/very small;4 ( s'inquiéter) s'en faire to worry; il ne s'en fait pas! ( sans inquiétude) he's not the sort of person to worry about things!; ( pas gêné) he's got a nerve!;5 ( s'habituer) se faire à to get used to [lieu, situation, idée]; je ne m'y fais pas I can't get used to it;6 ( être d'usage) ça se fait encore ici it's still done here; ça ne se fait pas de manger avec les doigts it's not the done thing ou it's not polite to eat with one's fingers;7 ( être à la mode) [couleur, style] to be in (fashion); le tweed se fait beaucoup cette année tweed is very much in this year; ça ne se fait plus it's no longer fashionable, it's out of fashion;8 ( être produit ou accompli) c'est ce qui se fait de mieux it's the best there is; le mariage s'est fait à Paris the wedding took place in Paris; le pont se fera bien un jour the bridge will be built one day; souhaitons que la paix se fasse let's hope there'll be peace;9 ( emploi impersonnel) il se fit que it (so) happened that; il se fit un grand silence there was complete silence; il s'est fait un déclic dans mon esprit something clicked in my mind; il pourrait se faire que je parte I might leave; comment se fait-il que…? how is it that…?;10 ( mûrir) [fromage] to ripen; [vin] to mature;11 ○( supporter) to put up with, to endure [importun]; il faut se le faire, son copain! his/her mate is a real pain○!;12 ( avec infinitif) se faire couler un bain to run oneself a bath; se faire comprendre to make oneself understood; se faire agresser to get mugged; tu vas te faire écraser! you'll get run over![fɛr] verbe transitifA.[FABRIQUER, RÉALISER]1. [confectionner - objet, vêtement] to make ; [ - construction] to build ; [ - tableau] to paint ; [ - film] to make ; [ - repas, café] to make, to prepare ; [ - gâteau, pain] to make, to bake ; [ - vin] to make ; [ - bière] to brew[concevoir - thèse, dissertation] to dogrand-mère est super — oui, on n'en fait plus des comme ça! (familier) grandma's great — yes, they broke the mould when they made her!2. [produire, vendre]faire du blé/de la vigne to grow wheat/grapesfaire une marque/un produit to stock a make/an articleje vous fais les deux à 350 euros (familier) you can have both for 350 euros, I'll take 350 euros for both3. [obtenir, gagner - bénéfices] to makefaire de l'argent to earn ou to make money4. [mettre au monde]5. PHYSIOLOGIEB.[ACCOMPLIR, EXÉCUTER]1. [effectuer - mouvement, signe] to make[saut périlleux, roue] to do2. [accomplir - choix, erreur, réforme, proposition] to make ; [ - inventaire] to do ; [ - discours] to deliver, to make, to give ; [ - conférence] to give ; [ - exercice] to do ; [ - recherches] to do, to carry out (separable) ; [ - enquête] to carry out (separable)on me l'a déjà faite, celle-là I know that one already[suivre les cours de]4. [pratiquer]faire de la flûte/du violon to play the flute/the violinfaire de l'équitation/de la natation/de la voile to go horseriding/swimming/sailingfaire du basket/du tennis to play basketball/tennis6. [dire] to sayil fit oui/non de la tête he nodded/he shook his head"non", fit-elle "no", she saidla vache fait "meuh!" the cow goes "moo!"8. [action non précisée] to dofaire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: qu'ai-je fait de mes clefs ? what have I done with ou where did I put my keys ?donne-le moi! — non, rien à faire! give it to me! — nothing doing ou no way!tu lui as parlé ? — oui, mais rien à faire, il ne cédera pas did you talk to him ? — yes, but it's no use, he won't give inje vais vous raccompagner — n'en faites rien! (soutenu) I'll take you back — there's really no need!j'apprécie peu sa façon de travailler mais il faut bien faire avec! I don't like the way he works but I suppose I'll just have to put up with it!autant que faire se peut if possible, as far as possiblemais bien sûr, tu n'as que faire de ma carrière! but of course, my career matters very little to you! ou you don't care about my career!C.[AVEC IDÉE DE DÉPLACEMENT]1. [se déplacer à la vitesse de]le train peut faire jusqu'à 400 km/h the train can do 400 km/h2. [couvrir - distance]le Concorde fait Paris-New York en moins de quatre heures Concorde goes ou flies from Paris to New York in less than fours hours[inspecter, passer au crible]a. [j'y suis allé] I did ou went to ou tried every hotel in townb. [j'ai téléphoné] I called ou did ou tried every hotel in townD.[AVEC IDÉE DE TRANSFORMATION]1. [nommer]elle l'a fait baron she gave him the title of Baron, she made him a baron2. [transformer en]faire quelque chose de quelqu'un/quelque chose: des rats, la fée fit des laquais the fairy changed the rats into footmengarde les restes, j'en ferai une soupe keep the leftovers, I'll make a soup with themc'était un tyran et votre livre en fait un héros! he was a tyrant, and your book shows ou presents him as a hero!3. [devenir]"cheval" fait "chevaux" au pluriel the plural of "cheval" is "chevaux"4. [servir de]une fois plié, le billard fait table the billiard table, when folded, can be used ou can serve as a normal table5. [remplir un rôle, une fonction]il fera un bon mari he'll make ou be a good husbandE.[INDIQUE UN RÉSULTAT]1. [provoquer]ça va faire une marque/une auréole it will leave a mark/a ringl'accident a fait cinq morts the accident left five dead ou claimed five livesfaire quelque chose à quelqu'un [l'émouvoir] to move somebody, to affect somebodyla vue du sang ne me fait rien I don't mind the sight of blood, the sight of blood doesn't bother mefaire que: la gravitation, force qui fait que les objets s'attirent gravitation, the force which causes objects to be attracted towards each other[pour exprimer un souhait]2. [importer]qu'est-ce que cela peut faire? what does it matter ?, so what?cela ne fait rien it doesn't matter, never mindF.[INDIQUE UNE QUALITÉ, UNE FORME, UNE MESURE]1. [former]on a dix euros, ça ne fait pas assez we've got ten euros, that's not enough4. [mesurer][taille, pointure][peser]je fais 56 kg I weigh ou am 56 kg5. [indique la durée, le temps]elle a téléphoné, cela fait bien une heure she phoned at least an hour agoG.[VERBE ATTRIBUTIF]1. [paraître]la broche fait bien ou joli ou jolie sur ta robe the brooch looks nice on your dresselle parle avec un léger accent, il paraît que ça fait bien! she talks with a slight accent, it's supposed to be smart!ça fait comment ou quoi de voir son nom sur une affiche? what's it like to see your name on a poster ?2. (familier) [devenir, embrasser la carrière de] to beH.[VERBE DE SUBSTITUTION] (toujours en rappel du verbe utilisé)vous le lui expliquerez mieux que je ne saurais le faire you'll explain it to her better than I couldtu lui écriras ? — oui, je le ferai will you write to him ? — yes I willpuis-je prendre cette chaise ? — (mais) faites donc! (soutenu) may I take this chair ? — please do ou by all means!————————[fɛr] verbe intransitif[agir] to dofais comme chez toi [à l'arrivée de quelqu'un] make yourself at homefais comme tu veux! [ton irrité] suit yourself!je le lui ai rendu — tu as bien fait! I gave it back to him — you did the right thing ou you did right!pourquoi l'as-tu acheté ? — je croyais bien faire! why did you buy it ? — I thought it was a good idea!tu ferais bien d'y réfléchir you'd do well to ou you should ou you'd better think about it!pour bien faire, il faudrait réserver aujourd'hui the best thing would be to book today, ideally we should book today————————[fɛr] verbe impersonnel1. MÉTÉOROLOGIEil fait chaud/froid it's hot/cold2. (locution)————————[fɛr] verbe auxiliaire1. [provoquer une réaction]ça me fait dormir it puts ou sends me to sleepa. [pour qu'il s'impatiente] let him waitb. [en lui demandant] ask him to waitn'essaie pas de me faire croire que... don't try to make ou to have me believe that...3. [commander de]fairefaire quelque chose par quelqu'un to have somebody do ou make something, to have something done ou made by somebody————————faire dans verbe plus préposition————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)1. [réussir]2. [se forcer à]se faire pleurer/vomir to make oneselfcry/vomit————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)————————se faire verbe pronominal (emploi passif)2. [être convenable]ça ne se fait pas de demander son âge à une femme it's rude ou it's not done to ask a woman her age3. [être réalisé]je dois signer un nouveau contrat, mais je ne sais pas quand cela va se faire I'm going to sign a new contract, but I don't know when that will betu pourrais me prêter 1 500 euros ? — ça pourrait se faire could you lend me 1,500 euros ? — that should be possiblecomment se fait-il que... ? how come ou how is it that... ?il pourrait se faire que... it might ou may be that..., it's possible that...————————se faire verbe pronominal intransitif1. [se former]3. [devenir] to becomes'il arrive à l'heure, je veux bien me faire nonne! (familier) if he arrives on time, I'll eat my hat!————————se faire verbe pronominal transitif1. [fabriquer]2. [effectuer sur soi][se maquiller]3. (familier) [gagner]elle se fait 4000 euros par mois she earns 4,000 euros per month, she gets 4,000 euros every month4. (familier) [s'accorder]on se fait un film/un petit café ? what about going to see a film/going for a coffee ?5. (familier) [supporter][agresser] to beat up————————se faire à verbe pronominal plus préposition————————s'en faire verbe pronominal intransitifelle s'en souviendra, ne t'en fais pas! she'll remember, don't you worry!encore au lit ? tu ne t'en fais pas! still in bed ? you're taking it easy, aren't you ? -
74 fête
fête [fεt]1. feminine nounb. ( = jour du prénom) saint's dayc. ( = congé) holidayd. ( = foire, kermesse) faire. ( = réception) party• faire une fête (pour son anniversaire etc) to have a (birthday etc) partyf. ( = allégresse collective) la fête celebration• c'est la fête ! everyone's celebrating!• air/atmosphère de fête festive air/atmosphere2. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The Fête de la Musique is a music festival which has taken place every year since 1981. On 21 June throughout France everybody is invited to play music in public places such as parks, streets and squares.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Holidays to which employees are entitled in addition to their paid leave in France are as follows:Religious holidays: Christmas Day, Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Pentecost, Assumption (15 August) and All Saints' Day (1 November).Other holidays: New Year's Day, 1 May (« la fête du travail »), 8 May (commemorating the end of the Second World War), 14 July (Bastille Day) and 11 November (Armistice Day).* * *fɛt1) ( jour chômé) public holiday GB, holiday US2) ( jour du saint patron)ça va être ma fête! — (colloq) iron I'm going to cop it! (colloq)
3) ( solennité religieuse) festival4) ( célébration) (day of) celebration5) ( réjouissances privées) partyfaire la fête — to live it up (colloq)
je serai de la fête! — fig I'll be there!
être à la fête — fig to have a field day
ne pas être à la fête — fig to be having a bad time
6) ( foire) fair; ( kermesse) fête, fair; ( manifestation culturelle) festival; ( réjouissances officielles) celebrations (pl)•Phrasal Verbs:••faire sa fête (colloq) à quelqu'un — to give somebody a working over (colloq)
ce n'est pas tous les jours la fête — Proverbe life is not a bed of roses
* * *fɛt1. nf1) (avec des amis, en famille) party, (pour fêter un événement) celebration, partyNous organisons une petite fête pour son anniversaire. — We're having a little party for his birthday.
faire la fête — to live it up, to celebrate
2) (jour de la fête du saint dont on porte le nom) name dayC'est sa fête aujourd'hui. — It's his name day today.
ça va être sa fête! fig * — he's going to get it!, *
3) (jour de la fête du saint) saint's day4) (publique) holiday5) [vendanges, lumières] festivalDimanche prochain, c'est la fête des vendanges. — Next Sunday is the grape harvest festival.
2. fêtes nfpl(Noël et Nouvel An) festive season* * *fête nf1 ( jour chômé) public holiday GB, holiday US; le vendredi saint, c'est fête? is Good Friday a public holiday GB ou a holiday US?; sauf dimanches et fêtes except Sundays and public holidays GB ou holidays US; où passes-tu les fêtes de Pâques/fin d'année? where are you going for Easter/Christmas?;2 ( jour du saint patron) c'est ma fête it's my (saint's) name-day; bonne fête! happy name-day!; ça va être ma fête○! iron I'm going to cop it○!; aujourd'hui, c'est la fête des pompiers today is the festival of the patron saint of firemen;3 ( solennité religieuse) festival; fête païenne/chrétienne pagan/Christian festival; la fête des morts All Souls' Day;4 ( célébration) (day of) celebration; les fêtes du bicentenaire the bicentenary celebrations;5 ( réjouissances privées) party; donner or faire une fête to give ou have a party; faire la fête to live it up○; être de la fête lit to be one of the party; compte sur moi, je serai de la fête! fig I'll be there!; fête de famille family gathering; ambiance/air de fête festive atmosphere/look; l'ambiance est à la fête the mood is festive; toute la ville était en fête the whole town was in holiday mood; avoir le cœur en fête to feel incredibly happy, to be bubbling over with joy; c'est une fête pour les yeux it's a feast for the eyes; être à la fête fig to have a field day; ne pas être à la fête to be having a bad time;6 ( réjouissances publiques) ( foire) fair; ( kermesse) fête, fair; ( manifestation culturelle) festival; ( réjouissances officielles) celebrations (pl); fête de la musique/bière music/beer festival; il y a la fête au village there's a fair in the village; que la fête commence! let the festivities begin!; fête paroissiale parish fête; les fêtes de Carnaval the carnival festivities; la fête de la moisson the harvest festival.fête de bienfaisance charity bazaar; fête fixe fixed feast; fête foraine funfair; fête légale public holiday GB, legal holiday US; fête des Mères Mothers' Day, Mothering Sunday GB; fête mobile movable feast; fête des Pères Fathers' Day; fête des Rois (Mages) Twelfth Night, Epiphany; fête du travail Labour Day, 1 May; Fête Nationale national holiday; ( en France) Bastille Day.le chien me fait fête quand je rentre the dog makes a great fuss of me when I get in; faire sa fête à qn○ to give sb a working over○; ce n'est pas tous les jours la fête Prov you have to take the rough with the smooth, life is not a bed of roses.ⓘ Fête nationale France's fête nationale is celebrated annually on the 14th July with nationwide firework displays, street parties, dancing and other local festivities. The date was chosen because of its symbolic significance, commemorating the fall of the Bastille in 1789 which signalled the end of the ancien régime.[fɛt] nom féminina. [généralement] the national holidayb. [en France] Bastille Dayc. [aux États-Unis] Independence Dayla fête des Rois Twelfth Night, Epiphany3. [réunion - d'amis] partyon donne ou organise une petite fête pour son anniversaire we're giving a party for his birthday, we're giving him a birthday partyle film est une vraie fête pour l'esprit/les sens the film is really uplifting/a real treat for the sensesune fête de famille a family celebration ou gatheringvous serez de la fête ? will you be joining us/them?4. [foire] fairfaire la fête to have a party ou (some) fun ou a good timela fête de l'Humanité ou de l'Huma (familier) annual festival organized by the Communist daily newspaper 'l'Humanité'la fête de la Musiqueannual music festival organized on the 21st of June in the streets of large towns5. (locution)————————fêtes nom féminin pluriel[généralement] holidays[de Noël et du jour de l'an] the Christmas and New Year celebrationsles fêtes juives/catholiques the Jewish/Catholic holidays————————de fête locution adjectivale[air, habits] festive————————en fête locution adjectivalela ville/les rues en fête the festive town/streetsThe French traditionally wish bonne fête to the person who has the same name as the saint commemorated on a particular day. -
75 pompon
pompon [pɔ̃pɔ̃]masculine noun[de chapeau, coussin] pompom• c'est le pompon ! (inf) it's the last straw!* * *pɔ̃pɔ̃••remporter or décrocher le pompon — (colloq) to come top, to win first prize
* * *pɔ̃pɔ̃ nmpompom, bobble* * *à toi le pompon○! iron you beat the lot!; c'est le pompon○! iron that's the limit!; remporter or décrocher le pompon to come top, to win first prize.[pɔ̃pɔ̃] nom masculin2. (familier & locution)dans le genre désagréable, il tient le pompon! (familier) when it comes to unpleasantness, he certainly takes the biscuit (UK) ou cake (US)! -
76 cuore
m heartdi cuore wholeheartedlysenza cuore heartlessfig nel cuore di in the heart ofnel cuore della notte in the middle of the nightstare a cuore a qualcuno be very important to s.o.* * *cuore s.m.1 (anat.) heart: attacco di cuore, heart attack; trapianto di cuore, heart transplant; mal di cuore, heart disease; battito di cuore, heartbeat; intervento a cuore aperto, open-heart operation; soffrire di cuore, to have heart disease; avere un soffio al cuore, to have a heart murmur; cuore artificiale, artificial heart2 ( centro) centre, heart; core: il cuore del carciofo, the heart of the artichoke; il cuore di un frutto, the core of a fruit; nel cuore dell'Africa, in the heart (o centre) of Africa; nel cuore della città, della foresta, in the heart of the city, of the forest; il duomo è il cuore della città, the cathedral is the heart of the city // nel cuore dell'estate, at the height of summer; nel cuore dell'inverno, in the depths of winter; nel cuore della notte, at dead of night (o in the middle of the night)3 ( oggetto a forma di cuore) heart, heart-shaped object: un biglietto di auguri a forma di cuore, a heart-shaped greeting card◆ FRASEOLOGIA: a cuore leggero, light-heartedly; di cuore, heartily: vi ringraziamo di cuore, we are very grateful to you; ridere di cuore, to laugh heartily; di buon cuore, whole-heartedly (o very willingly o gladly o with pleasure); di tutto cuore, with all one's heart (o whole-heartedly), ( molto volentieri) most willingly; del cuore, favourite: la squadra del cuore, one's favourite team; nel profondo del cuore, in one's heart of hearts; pace del cuore, peace of mind; una persona di buon cuore, a person with a kind heart (o a kind-hearted person); uomo dal cuore di coniglio, chicken-hearted man; uomo dal cuore di leone, lion-hearted man; uomo senza cuore, dal cuore di pietra, dal cuore di tigre, heartless man (o hard-hearted man); col cuore in gola, with one's heart in one's mouth; la squadra ha giocato col cuore, the team put their hearts into the game; il cuore mi dice che è salvo, I feel in my heart that he is safe; avresti cuore di licenziarlo?, would you have the heart to sack him?; la cosa mi sta a cuore, I have the matter at heart; è una vista che fa male al cuore, it is a sickening sight; se lo strinse al cuore, she clasped him to her heart; mi fa bene al cuore vederti, it does my heart good to see you; il mio cuore batte forte, my heart is thumping; sentì un tuffo al cuore, his heart missed a beat; mi si stringe il cuore a doverglielo dire, it wrings my heart to have to tell him; non ebbe il cuore di farlo, he hadn't the heart to do it; parola che viene dal cuore, word from the heart (o heartfelt word) // aprire il proprio cuore a qlcu., to open one's heart to s.o.; avere il cuore gonfio, to be heavy-hearted (o sad at heart); avere il cuore volubile, to be giddy of heart; avere la morte nel cuore, to be heart-sick (o sick at heart); conquistare il cuore di qlcu., to win s.o.'s heart (o love); dare il proprio cuore a qlcu., to give one's heart to s.o.; farsi cuore, to take heart; leggere nel cuore di qlcu., to see into s.o.'s heart; mettersi il cuore in pace, to resign oneself; mettersi una mano sul cuore, to put one's hand on one's heart; parlare a cuore aperto, to speak without reserve (o freely); prendere qlco. a cuore, to take sthg. to heart; sentirsi allargare il cuore a qlco., to be overjoyed at sthg.; spezzare il cuore a qlcu., to break s.o.'s heart; toccare il cuore di qlcu., to touch s.o.'s heart (o to move s.o.) // il cuore non sbaglia, (prov.) the heart is wiser than the head // freddo di mano, caldo di cuore, (prov.) a cold hand and a warm heart // lontan dagli occhi, lontan dal cuore, (prov.) out of sight, out of mind.* * *['kwɔre] 1.sostantivo maschile1) (organo) heartintervento a cuore aperto — med. open-heart surgery
a (forma di) cuore — heart-shaped, in the shape of a heart
2) (petto) heart, breaststringere qcn. al, sul cuore — to clasp sb. to one's heart
3) (sede delle emozioni) heartavere buon cuore — to be all heart o great-hearted, to have a big heart
con tutto il cuore — [amare, desiderare] with all one's heart
avere il cuore infranto, a pezzi — to be heartbroken o broken-hearted, to have a broken heart
4) (persona)5) (coraggio) heart6) (parte centrale) (di carciofo, lattuga, ecc.) heart; (di problema, questione) core, heart; (di luogo, città) heart, centre BE, center AEnel cuore della notte — in the middle of the night, in the o at dead of night
nel cuore della giungla — in the heart of the jungle, deep in the jungle
7) a cuoreprendere a cuore qcs. — to take sth. to heart
prendere a cuore qcn. — to take sb. to one's bosom
8) di cuore2.••avere un cuore di pietra — to have a heart of stone, to be stony-hearted o hard-hearted o iron-hearted
avere il cuore di ghiaccio — to be cold-hearted, to have a cold heart
avere il cuore tenero — to be soft-hearted o tenderhearted
non avere, essere senza cuore — to have no heart, to be heartless
parlare a cuore aperto, con il cuore in mano — to have a heart-to-heart, to wear one's heart on one's sleeve
mi si stringe il cuore quando... — I feel a pang when...
a cuor leggero — with a light heart, light-heartedly, carelessly
mettersi il cuore in pace — = to resign oneself
* * *cuore/'kwɔre/ ⇒ 4I sostantivo m.1 (organo) heart; le batteva forte il cuore her heart was thudding; essere debole di cuore to have a bad heart; attacco di cuore heart attack; intervento a cuore aperto med. open-heart surgery; a (forma di) cuore heart-shaped, in the shape of a heart2 (petto) heart, breast; stringere qcn. al, sul cuore to clasp sb. to one's heart3 (sede delle emozioni) heart; amico del cuore bosom friend; avere buon cuore to be all heart o great-hearted, to have a big heart; dal profondo del cuore from the bottom of one's heart; con tutto il cuore [amare, desiderare] with all one's heart; in cuor mio in my heart (of hearts); avere il cuore infranto, a pezzi to be heartbroken o broken-hearted, to have a broken heart; affari di cuore affairs of the heart4 (persona) un cuore di coniglio a hen-hearted person; un cuor di leone a lion-hearted person; cuore solitario lonely heart5 (coraggio) heart; non ho avuto il cuore di rifiutare I didn't have the heart to refuse6 (parte centrale) (di carciofo, lattuga, ecc.) heart; (di problema, questione) core, heart; (di luogo, città) heart, centre BE, center AE; nel cuore della notte in the middle of the night, in the o at dead of night; nel cuore dell'inverno in the depths of winter; nel cuore della giungla in the heart of the jungle, deep in the jungle7 a cuore prendere a cuore qcs. to take sth. to heart; prendere a cuore qcn. to take sb. to one's bosom; il progetto gli sta a cuore the project is dear to his heartII cuori m.pl.avere un cuore di pietra to have a heart of stone, to be stony-hearted o hard-hearted o iron-hearted; avere il cuore di ghiaccio to be cold-hearted, to have a cold heart; avere il cuore tenero to be soft-hearted o tenderhearted; aveva un cuore d'oro to have a heart of gold; non avere, essere senza cuore to have no heart, to be heartless; aveva il cuore in gola his heart was in his mouth; parlare a cuore aperto, con il cuore in mano to have a heart-to-heart, to wear one's heart on one's sleeve; mi si stringe il cuore quando... I feel a pang when...; a cuor leggero with a light heart, light-heartedly, carelessly; mettersi il cuore in pace = to resign oneself; due -i e una capanna love in a cottage. -
77 гальванометр
* * *гальвано́метр м.
galvanometerабсолю́тный гальвано́метр — absolute galvanometerапериоди́ческий гальвано́метр — dead-beat [aperiodic] galvanometerастати́ческий гальвано́метр — astatic galvanometerбаллисти́ческий гальвано́метр — ballistic galvanometerвибрацио́нный гальвано́метр — vibration galvanometerгальвано́метр Дарсонва́ля — d'Arsonval galvanometerдифференциа́льный гальвано́метр — differential galvanometerзерка́льный гальвано́метр — reflecting [mirror] galvanometerинтегри́рующий гальвано́метр — integrating galvanometerмагнитоэлектри́ческий гальвано́метр — moving-coil galvanometerмагнитоэлектри́ческий гальвано́метр с постоя́нным магни́том — permanent-magnet moving-coil galvanometerмагнитоэлектри́ческий гальвано́метр с электромагни́том — electromagnet-field moving-coil galvanometerгальвано́метр магнитоэлектри́ческой систе́мы — moving-coil galvanometerосциллографи́ческий гальвано́метр — oscillograph galvanometerпетлево́й гальвано́метр — single-turn moving-coil galvanometerпружи́нный гальвано́метр — spring galvanometerрадиоакти́вный гальвано́метр — radioactive galvanometerра́мочный гальвано́метр — multi-turn moving-coil galvanometerрезона́нсный гальвано́метр — vibration galvanometerсверхпроводя́щий гальвано́метр — superconducting galvanometerгальвано́метр с зерка́льным отсчё́том — reflecting [mirror] galvanometerгальвано́метр со световы́м отсчё́том — multiple-reflection galvanometerстроборезона́нсный гальвано́метр — stroboresonance galvanometerстру́нный гальвано́метр — string galvanometerтенево́й гальвано́метр — shadow galvanometerтеплово́й гальвано́метр — hot-wire [thermal] galvanometerгальвано́метр теплово́й систе́мы — hot-wire [thermal] galvanometerтермоэлектри́ческий гальвано́метр — thermo-emf [thermocouple] galvanometerгальвано́метр термоэлектри́ческой систе́мы — thermo-emf [thermocouple] galvanometerшле́йфовый гальвано́метр — mirror galvanometerэкрани́рованный гальвано́метр — screened [shielded] galvanometerэлектродинами́ческий гальвано́метр — electrodynamic galvanometerгальвано́метр электродинами́ческой систе́мы — electrodynamic galvanometerэлектромагни́тный гальвано́метр — moving-iron galvanometerгальвано́метр электромагни́тной систе́мы — moving-iron galvanometer -
78 pump
pump [pʌmp]1. nouna. pompe fc. [+ handle] actionner plusieurs fois ; [+ brake] pomper sur[machine, person] pomper ; [heart] battre fort4. compounds• a rise in pump prices [of petrol] une hausse (des prix) à la pompe( = produce) débiter[+ tyre, airbed] gonfler* * *[pʌmp] 1.1) Technology pompe fto prime the pump — lit amorcer la pompe; fig réamorcer la pompe
2) ( plimsoll) chaussure f de sport; ( flat shoe) GB ballerine f; ( shoe with heel) US chaussure f à talon2.transitive verbto pump somebody full of drugs — (colloq) gaver quelqu'un de médicaments
to pump iron — (colloq) faire de la gonflette (colloq)
2) actionner [handle, lever]3) ( shake)5) Medicine3.1) ( function) [machine, piston] fonctionner2) ( flow) gicler (from, out of de)3) ( beat) battre violemment•Phrasal Verbs:- pump out- pump up -
79 eilig
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80 Herz
1) anat heart;ihr \Herz pochte/ hämmerte her heart was pounding;am offenen \Herz open-heart;zwei Kilo \Herz [vom Ochsen] bitte! two kilos of [ox] heart, please!3) (Gemüt, Gefühl) heart;du regelst immer alles nur mit dem Verstand, wo bleibt das/dein \Herz? you always listen to the voice of reason, can't you ever let your heart rule [or can't you follow your heart] ?;zeigen Sie mehr Verständnis, mehr \Herz! show more understanding, more sensitivity!;mit ganzem \Herzen wholeheartedly;wenn sie ein neues Projekt beginnt, ist sie immer mit ganzem \Herzen dabei when she starts a new project, she always puts her heart and soul into it!;von ganzem \Herzen sincerely;etw mit ganzem \Herzen bejahen/ unterstützen/ zustimmen to approve of/support/agree with sth wholeheartedly;an/mit gebrochenem \Herzen of/with a broken heart;von \Herzen gern! with pleasure!, I'd love to!;jdn von \Herzen gernhaben to love sb dearly;etw von \Herzen gern tun to love doing sth;ein gutes \Herz haben to have a good heart, to be good-hearted;ein hartes \Herz haben to have a hard heart, to be hard-hearted;im Grunde seines \Herzens in his heart of hearts;leichten \Herzens with a light heart, light-heartedly;jdm wird leicht ums \Herz sb has a load lifted from one's mind;jdm das \Herz schwer machen to sadden sb's heart;jdm ist das \Herz schwer sb has a heavy heart [or is heavy-hearted];aus tiefstem \Herzen ( geh) with all one's heart;traurigen \Herzens with a heavy heart;ein weiches \Herz haben to have a soft heart;jds \Herz erweichen to soften up sb sep;jdm bis ins \Herz gehen [o jdm zu \Herzen gehen] to make sb's heart bleed;ein \Herz für jdn/ Tiere haben to have a love of sb/animals;er hat ein \Herz für Kinder he loves children;haben Sie doch ein \Herz! have a heart!;hast du denn kein \Herz? haven't you got [or don't you have] a heart?;jdm ist irgendwie ums \Herz sb feels somehow;von \Herzen kommen to come from the heart;ohne \Herz without feelingvon diesem Salat verwende ich nur die \Herzen I'll only use the heart of this lettuce5) ( Zentrum) heart6) ( Schatz)mein \Herz my dear, my love7) ( Nachbildung) heartich habe \Herz ausgespielt, du musst auch \Herz bedienen! I led with hearts, [so] you have to follow suit [with hearts]!WENDUNGEN:das \Herz auf dem [o am] rechten Fleck haben to have one's heart in the right place;ein \Herz aus Gold haben to have a heart of gold;jdm schlägt das \Herz bis zum Hals sb's heart is in one's mouth;jdm rutscht [o fällt] das \Herz in die Hose ( fam) sb's heart sank into his/her boots ( Brit) ( fam)jdm lacht das \Herz im Leibe sb's heart jumps for joy;jdm dreht sich das \Herz im Leib um;jdm tut das \Herz im Leibe weh sb's heart turns over;seinem \Herzen Luft machen ( fam) to give vent to one's feelings;aus einem \Herzen keine Mördergrube machen to speak frankly, to not make a secret of one's thoughts;ein \Herz und eine Seele sein to be the best of friends;ein \Herz aus Stein haben to have a heart of stone;seinem \Herzen einen Stoß geben to [suddenly] pluck up courage;jetzt gib deinem \Herzen einen Stoß, versöhn dich wieder mit ihm! go on, pluck up the courage and make up with him!;alle \Herzen [o die \Herzen aller] im Sturm erobern to capture everybody's heart;das \Herz auf der Zunge tragen to speak one's mind;jdm wird bang ums \Herz sb's heart sinks;jds \Herz höher schlagen lassen to make sb's heart beat faster;jds \Herz schlägt höher sb's heart beats faster;alles, was das \Herz begehrt ( geh) everything one's heart desires;jdm blutet das \Herz;jds \Herz blutet ( verspürt großes Mitleid) sb's heart bleeds [for sb]; ( iron) sb's heart bleeds [for sb] ( iron)jdm das \Herz brechen ( geh) to break sb's heart;etw nicht übers \Herz bringen to not have the heart [or be able to bring oneself] to do sth;jdn an sein \Herz drücken to clasp sb to one's breast;jds \Herz gehört jdm ( geh) sb's heart belongs to sb;jds \Herz gewinnen ( geh) to win sb's heart;etw auf dem \Herzen haben to have sth on one's mind;nicht das \Herz haben, etw zu tun to not have the heart to do sth, to not be able to bring oneself to do sth;häng dein \Herz nicht an ihn, er spielt doch nur mit den Gefühlen der Frauen! don't give your heart to him, he only plays with women's feelings!;jds \Herz hängt an etw dat sb is attached to sth;jds \Herz hängt an Geld sb is preoccupied with money;jdm etw ans \Herz legen to entrust sb with sth;jdm ans \Herz legen, etw zu tun to strongly recommend sb to do sth;jdm liegt etw am \Herzen sth concerns [or troubles] sb;jdm sein \Herz schenken ( liter) to give sb one's heart;jdn in sein \Herz schließen to take sb to one's heart;jdm aus dem \Herzen sprechen to say just what sb was thinking;sein \Herz sprechen lassen to listen to one's heart;jd wächst jdm ans \Herz sb grows fond of [or becomes attached to] sb;jdm das \Herz zerreißen ( geh) to break sb's heart
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To beat down — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
To beat into — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
To beat off — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
To beat out — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
To beat out of — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English